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Genetic ablation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha attenuates the promoted colonic Wnt signaling in high fat diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 77:108302. [PMID: 31825818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms responsible for this relationship are not adequately delineated. Using a TNF-α-/- mouse model, the present study aimed to test the causal role of TNF-α in mediating the promotion of tumorigenic Wnt signaling by high-fat diet-induced obesity. A 2×2 factorial study was performed with wild-type and TNF-α-/- mice on a 60 kcal% high-fat diet or a 10 kcal% low-fat diet. The inflammatory cytokine profile and genes within the Wnt signaling pathway were measured by electrochemiluminescence assay, real-time PCR, Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. The high-fat diet increased body weights in both wild-type and TNF-α-/- animals (P<.05), but males were more sensitive to high-fat diet-induced weight gain and increases of colonic TNF-α than females (P<.05). Genetic ablation of TNF-α suppressed the obesity-promoted elevation of Wnt signaling, as indicated by decreased levels of phospho-GSK3β and active β-catenin, two key components within the Wnt pathway (P<.05). The transcriptional expression of several Wnt signaling targets (C-myc, Cyclin D1 and Axin 2) and cell proliferation, as indicated by Ki-67 staining, were attenuated by the deletion of TNF-α in the high-fat-fed TNF-α-/- animals comparing with the wild-type animals (P<.05). Our data collectively showed that the genetic deletion of TNF-α attenuated the tumorigenic Wnt signaling, which was otherwise elevated by high-fat diet-induced obesity, and demonstrated a causal role of TNF-α in mediating obesity-associated Wnt signaling, which indicates a potential mechanism of inflammation-driven Wnt signaling for obesity-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.
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152
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De Luca M, Vecchie’ D, Athmanathan B, Gopalkrishna S, Valcin JA, Swain TM, Sertie R, Wekesa K, Rowe GC, Bailey SM, Nagareddy PR. Genetic Deletion of Syndecan-4 Alters Body Composition, Metabolic Phenotypes, and the Function of Metabolic Tissues in Female Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112810. [PMID: 31752080 PMCID: PMC6893658 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans that, like integrins, bind to components of the extracellular matrix. Previously, we showed significant associations of genetic variants in the Syndecan-4 (SDC4) gene with intra-abdominal fat, fasting plasma glucose levels, and insulin sensitivity index in children, and with fasting serum triglyceride levels in healthy elderly subjects. An independent study also reported a correlation between SDC4 and the risk of coronary artery disease in middle-aged patients. Here, we investigated whether deletion of Sdc4 promotes metabolic derangements associated with diet-induced obesity by feeding homozygous male and female Sdc4-deficient (Sdc4-/-) mice and their age-matched wild-type (WT) mice a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that WT and Sdc4-/- mice gained similar weight. However, while no differences were observed in males, HFD-fed female Sdc4-/- mice exhibited a higher percentage of body fat mass than controls and displayed increased levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose, as well as reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity. Additionally, they had an increased adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration in the visceral adipose tissue, and higher triglyceride and fatty acid synthase levels in the liver. Together with our previous human genetic findings, these results provide evidence of an evolutionarily conserved role of SDC4 in adiposity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-7033
| | - Denise Vecchie’
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Baskaran Athmanathan
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| | - Jennifer A. Valcin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Telisha M. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Rogerio Sertie
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Kennedy Wekesa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
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153
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Zieba J, Morris MJ, Karl T. Behavioural effects of high fat diet exposure starting in late adolescence in neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain mutant mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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154
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Hellings A, Buchan L, Castro M, St. Aubin CR, Fisher AL, Al-Nakkash L, Broderick TL, Plochocki JH. Bone Strength Is Improved with Genistein Treatment in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz121. [PMID: 31750414 PMCID: PMC6856937 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High caloric intake of saturated fat and refined sugars accelerates the development of obesity and diabetes and increases bone fracture risk. Some evidence suggests that consumption of a diet rich in phytoestrogens like genistein has the potential to strengthen bone biomechanical properties. Its bone-strengthening properties may mitigate fracture risk associated with metabolic conditions like obesity and diabetes, especially when combined with exercise. OBJECTIVE In this study, we test the effects of genistein, exercise training, and combination treatment on biomechanical properties of cortical bone in mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet. METHODS Eighty C67BL6 mice (40 females, 40 males) aged 6 wk were treated for 12 wk with an HFHS diet containing 60% fat and drinking water with 4.2 g/L sugar (55% sucrose, 45% fructose). Subgroups of the mice were also treated with genistein and/or moderate exercise (treadmill running). Genistein was incorporated into the HFHS diet (600 mg genistein/kg HFHS) and exercise was performed daily for 30 min, 5 d/wk (n = 10 females, 10 males per group). Three-point bending mechanical testing and quantitative fluorescence microscopy were conducted on femurs to measure bone strength and matrix quality. RESULTS Mechanical testing revealed HFHS-fed mice treated with genistein, either alone or combined with exercise, had femurs that exhibited increased postyield displacement and reduced stiffness during 3-point bending in comparison with mice only treated with the HFHS diet. Femurs of genistein-treated mice also exhibited greater ultimate force required to achieve fracture. Quantitative fluorescence showed genistein reduced advanced glycation end product accumulation in bone matrix. Exercise treatment alone had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with genistein, either alone or in combination with exercise, improves fracture resistance in mice fed an HFHS diet by improving bone matrix quality and increasing bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Hellings
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Levi Buchan
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Monica Castro
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Chaheyla R St. Aubin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Amy L Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Department of Physiology and Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Plochocki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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155
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Metabolic Disturbances of a High-Fat Diet Are Dependent on APOE Genotype and Sex. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0267-19.2019. [PMID: 31554665 PMCID: PMC6795556 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0267-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Obesity is a major environmental risk factor for AD. While APOE genotype and obesity independently affect metabolism and cognition, they may also have synergistic effects. Here, we examined the metabolic and behavioral alterations associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) in male and female APOE knock-in mice. Male and female mice were fed a 45% kcal HFD or a 10% kcal low-fat diet (LFD) for 12 weeks and adipose tissue accumulation, glucose levels, anxiety-like behavior, and spatial memory were examined. We found that with HFD, male APOE4 mice were more susceptible to metabolic disturbances, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation and glucose intolerance when compared to APOE3 mice, while female APOE3 and APOE4 mice had similar metabolic responses. Behaviorally, there were no effects of HFD in mice of either genotype. Our results suggest that metabolic responses to HFD are dependent on both sex and APOE genotype.
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156
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Nguyen GL, Putnam S, Haile M, Raza Z, Bremer M, Wilkinson KA. Diet-induced obesity decreases rate-dependent depression in the Hoffmann's reflex in adult mice. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14271. [PMID: 31660698 PMCID: PMC6818099 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with balance and motor control deficits. We have recently shown that Group Ia muscle spindle afferents, the sensory arm of the muscle stretch reflex, are less responsive in mice fed a high-fat diet. Here we test the hypothesis that reflex excitability to sensory information from Group Ia muscle spindle afferents is altered in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. We measured the anesthetized Hoffmann's or H-reflex, the electrical analog of the muscle stretch reflex. Adult mice of both sexes were fed a control diet (CD; 10% kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) for 5, 10, or 15 weeks. We used three quantitative measures of H-reflex excitability: (1) H-reflex latency; (2) the percentage of motor neurons recruited from electrical stimulation of Group Ia muscle spindle afferents (Hmax /Mmax ); and (3) rate-dependent depression (RDD), the decrease in H-reflex amplitude to high frequency stimulation (20 stimuli at 5 Hz). A HFD did not significantly alter H latency (P = 0.16) or Hmax /Mmax ratios (P = 0.06), but RDD was significantly lower in HFD compared to CD groups (P < 0.001). Interestingly, HFD males exhibited decreased RDD compared to controls only after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding, but females showed progressive decreases in RDD that were only significant at 10 and 15 weeks on the HFD. These results suggest that high-fat feeding increases H-reflex excitability. Future studies are needed to determine whether these changes alter muscle stretch reflex strength and/or balance and to determine the underlying mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard L. Nguyen
- Department of Biological SciencesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
| | - Shea Putnam
- Department of Biological SciencesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
| | - Mulatwa Haile
- Department of Biological SciencesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
| | - Zahra Raza
- Department of Biological SciencesSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
| | - Martina Bremer
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsSan José State UniversitySan JoseCalifornia
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157
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Mak IL, Lavery P, Agellon S, Rauch F, Murshed M, Weiler HA. Arachidonic acid exacerbates diet-induced obesity and reduces bone mineral content without impacting bone strength in growing male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 73:108226. [PMID: 31520815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate bone mass and adipocyte metabolism. Arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 n-6) is elevated in obesity and postulated to stimulate bone resorption. This study aimed to determine the effect of AA on bone mass, quality, and adiposity in diet-induced obesity during growth. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=42, 4-week) were randomized into groups fed a control diet (CTRL, AIN-93G), high-fat diet (HFD, 35% kcal fat) or HFD + AA (1% w/w diet) for 6 weeks. Body composition, bone mineral density and microarchitecture were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography. Red blood cell fatty acid profile was measured with gas chromatography. Group differences were evaluated using repeated measures two-way analysis of variance with Tukey-Kramer post hoc testing. Total energy intake did not differ among diet groups. At week 6, HFD + AA had significantly greater body fat % (12%), body weight (6%) and serum leptin concentrations (125%) than CTRL, whereas visceral fat (mass and %, assessed with micro-computed tomography) was increased in both HFD and HFD + AA groups. HFD + AA showed reduced whole body bone mineral content and femur mid-diaphyseal cortical bone cross-sectional area than HFD and CTRL, without impairment in bone strength. Contrarily, HFD + AA had greater femur metaphyseal trabecular vBMD (35%) and bone volume fraction (5%) compared to controls. Inclusion of AA elevated leptin concentrations in male rats. The early manifestations of diet-induced obesity on bone mass were accelerated with AA. Studies of longer duration are needed to clarify the effect of AA on peak bone mass following growth cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy L Mak
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Paula Lavery
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Sherry Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners' Hospital for Children, 1003 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 0A9
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Shriners' Hospital for Children, 1003 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada H4A 0A9; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C7
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9.
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158
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Sex-Specific Differences in Fat Storage, Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Brain Structure in Juvenile HFD-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081861. [PMID: 31405127 PMCID: PMC6723313 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-specific differences play a role in metabolism, fat storage in adipose tissue, and brain structure. At juvenile age, brain function is susceptible to the effects of obesity; little is known about sex-specific differences in juvenile obesity. Therefore, this study examined sex-specific differences in adipose tissue and liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and putative alterations between male and female mice in brain structure in relation to behavioral changes during the development of juvenile obesity. METHODS In six-week-old male and female Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice (n = 48), the impact of 18 weeks of HFD-feeding was examined. Fat distribution, liver pathology and brain structure and function were analyzed imunohisto- and biochemically, in cognitive tasks and with MRI. RESULTS HFD-fed female mice were characterized by an increased perigonadal fat mass, pronounced macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. Male mice on HFD displayed an increased mesenteric fat mass, pronounced adipose tissue inflammation and microvesicular hepatic steatosis. Only male HFD-fed mice showed decreased cerebral blood flow and reduced white matter integrity. CONCLUSIONS At young age, male mice are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of HFD than female mice. This study emphasizes the importance of sex-specific differences in obesity, liver pathology, and brain function.
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159
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Lee DH, Jung YY, Park MH, Jo MR, Han SB, Yoon DY, Roh YS, Hong JT. Peroxiredoxin 6 Confers Protection Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Maintaining Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:387-402. [PMID: 31007045 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which has been suggested in several studies to link with mitochondrial function. However, the mechanistic role of ROS-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function in NAFLD has not been elucidated. Since peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is the only member of the antioxidant PRDX family that translocates to damaged mitochondria, we investigated the PRDX6-mediated antisteatotic mechanism using genetically modified mice and cells. Results: PRDX6 mice were more protective to lipid accumulation, liver injury, and insulin resistance after a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, PRDX6 is required for induction of mitochondrial antioxidant action and beta-oxidation through maintaining mitochondrial integrity and subsequently prevents ROS-induced lipogenesis. Interestingly, oxidative stress-induced Notch signaling was suppressed in PRDX6 mice compared with wild-type mice, and genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling improved lipid accumulation. Finally, PRDX knockdown or Notch inhibition reduced induction of mitophagy. PRDX6 antagonizes positive feedback loop between lipid accumulation and ROS production through regulation of mitochondrial function. Innovation: For the first time, we demonstrate that PRDX6 maintains mitochondria integrity under oxidative stress and protects against NAFLD progression by inhibition of Notch signaling. Conclusion: This study describes a novel molecular mechanism underlying the antisteatotic activity of PRDX6, which may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yu Yeon Jung
- 2 Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwangyang Health Sciences University, Gwangyang, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Jo
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- 3 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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160
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Strain and sex-based glucocentric & behavioral differences between KK/HlJ and C57BL/6J mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 210:112646. [PMID: 31400379 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small-animal models are the most widely used preclinical model for studying the etiology, pathology and treatment of diabetes, prediabetes and diabetic comorbidities. Diabetic patients are burdened with higher rates of depression, anxiety and cognitive decline due to inadequate control of blood glucose levels, vascular damage and aberrant CNS insulin signaling. The C57BL/6J model is amongst the most widely used mouse model due to its susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO). This strain has also been well-characterized in behavioral research studies. However the C57BL/6J model has a number of limitations: [1] overt fasting hyperglycemia can only be induced by dietary manipulation and/or chemical ablation of the pancreatic beta cells. [2] There is heterogeneity in the obesogenic response to hypercaloric feeding as well as sex-dependent differences, with males being more responsive. The KK inbred strain has been used to study aspects of the metabolic syndrome and prediabetes due to inherent glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. However KK/HlJ mice are less well-characterized and there have been fewer behavioral studies reported. The aim of this study was to examine differences in male and female glucocentric parameters between KK/HlJ and C57BL/6J mice, and to compare their performance in a variety of standard behavioral tests relating to general, anxiogenic and cognitive paradigms. METHODS Strain differences in male and female KK/HlJ and C57BL/6J mouse adiposity, glucose and insulin parameters were studied together with group differences in standard Open Field, Object Recognition, Elevated Plus Maze, Light-Dark Transition, Porsolt test, Marble Burying, Social Recognition and Morris Water Maze tests. Correlations between behavioral variables were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In addition to being uniformly larger, hyperinsulinemic and more insulin intolerant than C57BL/6J mice, we observed marked strain and sex-differences in KK/HlJ behavior. KK/HlJ mice exhibited less locomotor and vertical exploratory behavior in comparison to C57BL/6J, whereas object exploration and novel object discrimination were superior in KK/HlJ mice. Female KK/HlJ mice were faster swimmers, whereas the males exhibited greater spatial cognition and place-learning during the MWM test.
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161
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Chen T, Chen S, Wang D, Hung H. High‐fat diet reduces novelty‐induced expression of activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1065-1075. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsan‐Ju Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Shun‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital‐Kaohsiung Medical Center, College of Medicine Chang Gung University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Dean‐Chuan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hui‐Shan Hung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
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162
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Shepard BD. Sex differences in diabetes and kidney disease: mechanisms and consequences. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F456-F462. [PMID: 31241989 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00249.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, along with their accompanying hyperglycemia, are associated with a multitude of comorbidities including the development of diabetic kidney disease. Although the hallmarks of these metabolic disorders have been well characterized in population and animal studies, it is becoming increasingly apparent that diabetes manifests itself differently in men and women. This review summarizes the recent diabetic literature with a focus on known sex differences in clinical and preclinical studies. It explores the physiological differences of glucose handling and the development of diabetes between men and women. This review also uncovers potential mechanisms for these differences, honing in on the vital role that sex hormone signaling plays in the progression of diabetes and renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe D Shepard
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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163
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Belmonte FR, Dedousis N, Sipula I, Desai NA, Singhi AD, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Bannwarth S, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Harrington L, Shiva S, Jurczak MJ, O’Doherty RM, Kaufman BA. Petite Integration Factor 1 (PIF1) helicase deficiency increases weight gain in Western diet-fed female mice without increased inflammatory markers or decreased glucose clearance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0203101. [PMID: 31136580 PMCID: PMC6538152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Petite Integration Factor 1 (PIF1) is a multifunctional helicase present in nuclei and mitochondria. PIF1 knock out (KO) mice exhibit accelerated weight gain and decreased wheel running on a normal chow diet. In the current study, we investigated whether Pif1 ablation alters whole body metabolism in response to weight gain. PIF1 KO and wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were fed a Western diet (WD) rich in fat and carbohydrates before evaluation of their metabolic phenotype. Compared with weight gain-resistant WT female mice, WD-fed PIF1 KO females, but not males, showed accelerated adipose deposition, decreased locomotor activity, and reduced whole-body energy expenditure without increased dietary intake. Surprisingly, PIF1 KO females did not show obesity-induced alterations in fasting blood glucose and glucose clearance. WD-fed PIF1 KO females developed mild hepatic steatosis and associated changes in liver gene expression that were absent in weight-matched, WD-fed female controls, linking hepatic steatosis to Pif1 ablation rather than increased body weight. WD-fed PIF1 KO females also showed decreased expression of inflammation-associated genes in adipose tissue. Collectively, these data separated weight gain from inflammation and impaired glucose homeostasis. They also support a role for Pif1 in weight gain resistance and liver metabolic dysregulation during nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances R. Belmonte
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos Dedousis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ian Sipula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Nikita A. Desai
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- Department of Pathology and Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yanxia Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sylvie Bannwarth
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, France
| | | | - Lea Harrington
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sruti Shiva
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Jurczak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert M. O’Doherty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Toro CA, Zhang L, Cao J, Cai D. Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease: Understanding the molecular impact. Brain Res 2019; 1719:194-207. [PMID: 31129153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents with cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbance. Approximately 5.5 million people in the United States live with AD, most of whom are over the age of 65 with two-thirds being woman. There have been major advancements over the last decade or so in the understanding of AD neuropathological changes and genetic involvement. However, studies of sex impact in AD have not been adequately integrated into the investigation of disease development and progression. It becomes indispensable to acknowledge in both basic science and clinical research studies the importance of understanding sex-specific differences in AD pathophysiology and pathogenesis, which could guide future effort in the discovery of novel targets for AD. Here, we review the latest and most relevant literature on this topic, highlighting the importance of understanding sex dimorphism from a molecular perspective and its association to clinical trial design and development in AD research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Toro
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Larry Zhang
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jiqing Cao
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Dongming Cai
- Research and Development, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Neurology Section, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, United States; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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165
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Late Cognitive Consequences of Gestational Diabetes to the Offspring, in a New Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7754-7764. [PMID: 31115777 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GD) is a form of insulin resistance triggered during gestation, which affects approximately 10% of pregnant women. Although previously considered a transient condition with few long-term consequences, growing evidence suggest that GD may be linked to permanent metabolic and neurologic changes in the offspring. Currently available GD models fail to recapitulate the full spectrum of this disease, thus providing limited information about the true burden of this condition. Here, we describe a new mouse model of GD, based on the administration of an insulin receptor antagonist (S961, 30 nmol/kg s.c. daily) during pregnancy. Pregnant mice developed increased fasting glycemia and glucose intolerance in the absence of maternal obesity, with a return to normoglycemia shortly after parturition. Moreover, we showed that the adult offspring of GD dams presented pronounced metabolic and cognitive dysfunction when exposed to short-term high-fat diet (HFD). Our data demonstrate that S961 administration to pregnant mice comprises a valuable approach to study the complex pathophysiology of GD, as well as strategies focused on prevention and treatment of both the mother and the offspring. Our findings suggest that the offspring of GD mothers are more susceptible to metabolic and cognitive impairments when exposed to high-fat diet later in life, thus indicating that approaches to prevent and treat these late effects should be pursued.
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166
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Hirose M, Künstner A, Schilf P, Tietjen AK, Jöhren O, Huebbe P, Rimbach G, Rupp J, Schwaninger M, Busch H, Ibrahim SM. A Natural mtDNA Polymorphism in Complex III Is a Modifier of Healthspan in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2359. [PMID: 31085998 PMCID: PMC6539666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we provide experimental evidence that a maternally inherited polymorphism in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (mt-Cytb; m.15124A>G, Ile-Val) in mitochondrial complex III resulted in middle-aged obesity and higher susceptibility to diet-induced obesity, as well as age-related inflammatory disease, e.g., ulcerative dermatitis, in mice. As a consequence of the gene variation, we observed alterations in body composition, metabolism and mitochondrial functions, i.e., increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and higher levels of reactive oxygen species, as well as in the commensal bacterial composition in the gut, with higher abundance of Proteobacteria in mice carrying the variant. These observations are in line with the previously described links of the mitochondrial complex III gene with obesity and metabolic diseases in humans. Given that these functional changes by the G variant at m.15124 in the mt-Cytb are already present in young mice that were kept under normal condition, it is plausible that the m.15124A>G variant is a disease susceptibility modifier to the diseases induced by additional stressors, i.e., dietary and/or aging stress, and that the variant results in the higher incidence of clinical diseases presentation in C57BL/6J-mt129S1/SvlmJ than C57BL/6J mice. Thus, mtDNA variants could be potential biomarkers to evaluate the healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Hirose
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Axel Künstner
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Paul Schilf
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Anna Katharina Tietjen
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Hauke Busch
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Institute for Cardiogenetics and Center for research of inflammatory skin disease (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for research of inflammatory skin disease (CRIS), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
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167
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Hubbard K, Shome A, Sun B, Pontré B, McGregor A, Mountjoy KG. Chronic High-Fat Diet Exacerbates Sexually Dimorphic Pomctm1/tm1 Mouse Obesity. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1081-1096. [PMID: 30997487 PMCID: PMC6469954 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mice with a targeted mutation in the pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene (Pomctm1/tm1 mice) are unable to synthesize desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH and they develop obesity when fed chow diet. In this study, we hypothesized that a chronic high-fat (HF) diet exacerbates Pomctm1/tm1 mouse obesity. Male and female Pomcwt/wt and Pomctm1/tm1 mice were fed low-fat (LF) (10 kcal percent fat) or HF (45 kcal percent fat) diets from weaning for 23 weeks. We show that Pomctm1/tm1 mouse obesity is sexually dimorphic and exacerbated by an HF diet. Male Pomctm1/tm1 mice develop obesity because they are hyperphagic compared with Pomcwt/wt mice when fed an LF or HF diet. Female Pomctm1/tm1 mice develop obesity when feeding on an LF or HF diet because they exhibit signs of reduced energy expenditure (no change in feed efficiency; body weight gained exceeding energy intake) compared with Pomcwt/wt mice. A chronic HF diet exacerbates male Pomctm1/tm1 and Pomcwt/wt mouse obesity, and the increased energy intake fully accounts for increased weight gain. In contrast, female Pomcwt/wt mice are protected from chronic HF diet-induced obesity because they reduce the amount of HF diet eaten, and they appear to increase their energy expenditure (no change in feed efficiency but energy intake exceeding body weight gained). A chronic HF diet exacerbates female Pomctm1/tm1 mouse obesity due to impaired ability to reduce the amount of HF diet eaten and apparent impaired HF diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis. Our data show that desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH are required for sexually dimorphic HF diet-induced C57BL/6J obesity. In conclusion, desacetyl-α-MSH and α-MSH play salutary roles in sexually dimorphic melanocortin obesity and sexually dimorphic HF diet-induced C57BL/6J obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hubbard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Avik Shome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Beau Pontré
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ailsa McGregor
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen G Mountjoy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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168
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Impacts of the late adulthood diet-induced obesity onset on behavior, immune function, redox state and life span of male and female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:65-77. [PMID: 30659939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the late onset of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in middle-aged mice affected behavioral, immunological and oxidative stress parameters as well as life span of male and female mice. Also, it was analyzed whether the late DIO onset aggravated immunosenescence in old female mice. Late-adult male and female ICR/CD1 mice (28 weeks old) were fed either a high-fat diet or a standard diet during 14 weeks. After that, in these middle-aged (42 weeks old) diet-induced obese (DIO) and non-DIO controls, behavior as well as functions and redox state of peritoneal leukocytes were evaluated. These same parameters (excepting behavioral tests) were repeated when female mice were old (72 weeks old). The results showed lower exploratory activity and higher anxiety-like behavior in middle-aged male and female DIO than in controls. Moreover, these DIO animals from both sexes exhibited statistically significant impaired immune cell functions, such as chemotaxis of macrophages and lymphocytes, phagocytosis of macrophages, natural killer activity and lymphoproliferation in response to ConA and LPS, as well as an oxidative stress state in comparison with controls. Male DIO mice exhibited higher impairments in a variety of the evaluated parameters and a shorter life span than their female counterparts. In addition, female DIO mice, at old age, showed aggravated immunosenescence. In conclusion, the late DIO onset leads to impairments in behavior as well as in immune system functions of middle-aged male and female mice, males being significantly more affected than females.
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169
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Behavioral profile of intermittent vs continuous access to a high fat diet during adolescence. Behav Brain Res 2019; 368:111891. [PMID: 31009646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on cognitive functions have been broadly studied as a model of obesity, although no studies have evaluated whether these effects are maintained after the cessation of this diet. In addition, the behavioral effects of having a limited access to an HFD (binge-eating pattern) are mostly unknown, although they dramatically increase the vulnerability to drug use in contrast to having continuous access. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of an intermittent versus a continuous exposure to an HFD during adolescence on cognition and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as to study the changes observed after the interruption of this diet. Adolescent male mice received for 40 days a standard diet, an HFD with continuous access or an HFD with sporadic limited access (2 h, three days a week). Two additional groups were fed with intermittent or continuous access to the HFD and withdrawn from this diet 15 days before the behavioral tests. Only the animals with a continuous access to the HFD showed higher circulating leptin levels, increased bodyweight, marked memory and spatial learning deficits, symptoms that disappeared after 15 days of HFD abstinence. Mice that binged on fat only showed hyperlocomotion, which normalized after 15 days of HFD cessation. However, discontinuation of fat, either in a binge or a continuous pattern, led to an increase in anxiety-like behavior. These results highlight that exposure to a high-fat diet during adolescence induces alterations in brain functions, although the way in which this diet is ingested determines the extent of these behavioral changes.
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170
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Huang KP, Ronveaux CC, de Lartigue G, Geary N, Asarian L, Raybould HE. Deletion of leptin receptors in vagal afferent neurons disrupts estrogen signaling, body weight, food intake and hormonal controls of feeding in female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E568-E577. [PMID: 30753113 PMCID: PMC6482667 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00296.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of the leptin receptor from vagal afferent neurons (VAN) using a conditional deletion (Nav1.8/LepRfl/fl) results in an obese phenotype with increased food intake and lack of exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced satiation in male mice. Female mice are partially protected from weight gain and increased food intake in response to ingestion of high-fat (HF) diets. However, whether the lack of leptin signaling in VAN leads to an obese phenotype or disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in female mice is unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that leptin signaling in VAN is essential to maintain estrogen signaling and control of food intake, energy expenditure, and adiposity in female mice. Female Nav1.8/LepRfl/fl mice gained more weight, had increased gonadal fat mass, increased meal number in the dark phase, and increased total food intake compared with wild-type controls. Resting energy expenditure was unaffected. The decrease in food intake produced by intraperitoneal injection of CCK (3 μg/kg body wt) was attenuated in female Nav1.8/LepRfl/fl mice compared with wild-type controls. Intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin (100 μg/kg body wt) increased food intake in Nav1.8/LepRfl/fl mice but not in wild-type controls. Ovarian steroidogenesis was suppressed, resulting in decreased plasma estradiol, which was accompanied by decreased expression of estrogen receptor-1 (Esr1) in VAN but not in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. These data suggest that the absence of leptin signaling in VAN is accompanied by disruption of estrogen signaling in female mice, leading to an obese phenotype possibly via altered control of feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Pin Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis , Davis, California
| | - Charlotte C Ronveaux
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis , Davis, California
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- John B. Pierce Laboratory/Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nori Geary
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Lori Asarian
- Department of Medicine-Immunobiology, Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Helen E Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis , Davis, California
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171
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Abbasnejad Z, Nasseri B, Zardooz H, Ghasemi R. Time-course study of high fat diet induced alterations in spatial memory, hippocampal JNK, P38, ERK and Akt activity. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:659-673. [PMID: 30552557 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of high fat diet (HFD) is a health concern in modern societies, which participate in wide range of diseases. One underlying mechanism in the HFD mediated pathologies is disruption of insulin signaling activity. It is believed that HFD activates several stress signaling molecules such as MAPKs signaling pathway and these molecules participate in harmful effects in different cell populations including hippocampal cells. However, the activity of MAPKs signaling molecules are time dependent, even causing some opposing effects. Given that, MAPKs activity fluctuate with time of stress, there is less cleared how different lengths of HFD consumption can affect hippocampal MAPK. To test how duration of HFD consumption affect hippocampal MAPKs and insulin signaling activity and animal's cognitive function, rats were fed with HFD for different lengths (up to 6 months) and after each point spatial memory performances of animals was tested, then the peripheral indices of insulin resistance and hippocampal MAPKs and insulin signaling activity was evaluated. Results showed that while different time courses of HFD, up to 6 months, did not bring about significant spatial memory impairment, meanwhile the peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as hippocampal insulin and MAPKs signaling showed significant fluctuations during the different time courses of high fat diet regime. These results showed that neuronal responses to HFD is not constant and differ in a time-dependent manner, it seems that in acute phase molecular responses aimed to compensate the HFD stress but in chronic states these responses failed and devastating effects of stress began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasnejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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172
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Mehrpouya-Bahrami P, Miranda K, Singh NP, Zumbrun EE, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Role of microRNA in CB1 antagonist-mediated regulation of adipose tissue macrophage polarization and chemotaxis during diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7669-7681. [PMID: 30910812 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists have been shown to attenuate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and associated inflammation, the precise molecular mechanisms involved are not clear. In the current study, we investigated the role of microRNA (miR) in the regulation of adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) phenotype following treatment of DIO mice with the CB1 antagonist SR141716A. DIO mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then treated daily with SR141716A (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks while continuing HFD. Treated mice experienced weight loss, persistent reduction in fat mass, improvements in metabolic profile, and decreased adipose inflammation. CB1 blockade resulted in down-regulation of several miRs in ATMs, including the miR-466 family and miR-762. Reduced expression of the miR-466 family led to induction of anti-inflammatory M2 transcription factors KLF4 and STAT6, whereas down-regulation of miR-762 promoted induction of AGAP-2, a negative regulator of the neuroimmune retention cues, Netrin-1 and its coreceptor UNC5B. Furthermore, treatment of primary macrophages with SR141716A up-regulated KLF4 and STAT6, reduced secretion of Netrin-1, and increased migration toward the lymph node chemoattractant CCL19. These studies demonstrate for the first time that CB1 receptor blockade attenuates DIO-associated inflammation through alterations in ATM miR expression that promote M2 ATM polarization and macrophage egress from adipose tissue. The current study also identifies additional novel therapeutic targets for diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Mehrpouya-Bahrami
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Kathryn Miranda
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Narendra P Singh
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Elizabeth E Zumbrun
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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173
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Serotonin receptor HTR6-mediated mTORC1 signaling regulates dietary restriction-induced memory enhancement. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2007097. [PMID: 30883547 PMCID: PMC6438579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2007097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR; sometimes called calorie restriction) has profound beneficial effects on physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes in animals and in humans. We have explored the molecular mechanism of DR-induced memory enhancement and demonstrate that dietary tryptophan-a precursor amino acid for serotonin biosynthesis in the brain-and serotonin receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 (HTR6) are crucial in mediating this process. We show that HTR6 inactivation diminishes DR-induced neurological alterations, including reduced dendritic complexity, increased spine density, and enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal neurons. Moreover, we find that HTR6-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is involved in DR-induced memory improvement. Our results suggest that the HTR6-mediated mTORC1 pathway may function as a nutrient sensor in hippocampal neurons to couple memory performance to dietary intake.
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174
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Cellular and Molecular Differences Between Area CA1 and the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6566-6580. [PMID: 30874972 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A distinct feature of the hippocampus of the brain is its unidirectional tri-synaptic pathway originating from the entorhinal cortex and projecting to the dentate gyrus (DG) then to area CA3 and subsequently, area CA1 of the Ammon's horn. Each of these areas of the hippocampus has its own cellular structure and distinctive function. The principal neurons in these areas are granule cells in the DG and pyramidal cells in the Ammon's horn's CA1 and CA3 areas with a vast network of interneurons. This review discusses the fundamental differences between the CA1 and DG areas regarding cell morphology, synaptic plasticity, signaling molecules, ability for neurogenesis, vulnerability to various insults and pathologies, and response to pharmacological agents.
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175
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Christensen A, Pike CJ. APOE genotype affects metabolic and Alzheimer-related outcomes induced by Western diet in female EFAD mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:4054-4066. [PMID: 30509127 PMCID: PMC6404574 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801756r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regulated by interactive effects of genetic and environmental risk factors. The most significant genetic risk factor for AD is the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E ( APOE4), which has been shown to exert greater AD risk in women. An important modifiable AD risk factor is obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunctions. Whether APOE genotype might interact with obesity in females to regulate AD pathogenesis is unclear. To investigate this issue, we studied the effects of Western diet (WD) on female EFAD mice, a transgenic mouse model of AD that includes human APOE alleles ε3 (E3FAD) and ε4 (E4FAD). EFAD mice were fed either control (10% fat, 7% sugar) or WD (45% fat, 17% sugar), and both metabolic and neuropathologic outcomes were determined. Although E4FAD mice generally exhibited poorer metabolic status at baseline, E3FAD mice showed greater diet-induced metabolic impairments. Similarly, E4FAD mice exhibited higher levels of AD-related pathology overall, but only E3FAD showed significant increases on select measures of β-amyloid pathology after exposure to WD. These data demonstrate a gene-environment interaction between APOE and obesogenic diets in females. Understanding how AD-promoting effects of obesity are modulated by genetic factors will foster the identification of at-risk populations and development of preventive interventions.-Christensen, A., Pike, C. J. APOE genotype affects metabolic and Alzheimer-related outcomes induced by Western diet in female EFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Christensen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christian J. Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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176
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Increased adiposity, inflammation, metabolic disruption and dyslipidemia in adult male offspring of DOSS treated C57BL/6 dams. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1530. [PMID: 30728429 PMCID: PMC6365642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that obesity can be promoted by chemical ‘obesogens’ that drive adiposity, hunger, inflammation and suppress metabolism. Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), a lipid emulsifier and candidate obesogen in vitro, is widely used in processed foods, cosmetics and as stool softener medicines commonly used during pregnancy. In vivo testing of DOSS was performed in a developmental origins of adult obesity model. Pregnant mice were orally administered vehicle control or DOSS at times and doses comparable to stool softener use during human pregnancy. All weaned offspring consumed only standard diet. Adult male but not female offspring of DOSS-treated dams showed significantly increased body mass, overall and visceral fat masses, and decreased bone area. They exhibited significant decreases in plasma adiponectin and increases in leptin, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia. Inflammatory IL-6 was elevated, as was adipose Cox2 and Nox4 gene expressions, which may be associated with promoter DNA methylation changes. Multiple significant phospholipid/sterol lipid increases paralleled profiles from long-term high-fat diet induced obesity in males. Collectively, developmental DOSS exposure leads to increased adult adiposity, inflammation, metabolic disorder and dyslipidemia in offspring fed a standard diet, suggesting that pharmaceutical and other sources of DOSS taken during human pregnancy might contribute to long-term obesity-related health concerns in offspring.
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Ramírez D, Saba J, Turati J, Carniglia L, Imsen M, Mohn C, Scimonelli T, Durand D, Caruso C, Lasaga M. NDP-MSH reduces oxidative damage induced by palmitic acid in primary astrocytes. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12673. [PMID: 30712280 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings relate obesity to inflammation in key hypothalamic areas for body weight control. Hypothalamic inflammation has also been related to oxidative stress. Palmitic acid (PA) is the most abundant free fatty acid found in food, and in vitro studies indicate that it triggers a pro-inflammatory response in the brain. Melanocortins are neuropeptides with proven anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective action mediated by melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), but little is known about the effect of melanocortins on oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether melanocortins could alleviate oxidative stress induced by a high fat diet (HFD) model. We found that NDP-MSH treatment decreased PA-induced reactive oxygen species production in astrocytes, an effect blocked by the MC4R inhibitor JKC363. NDP-MSH abolished nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by PA and blocked the inhibitory effect of PA on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione levels while it also per se increased activity of SOD and γ-glutamate cysteine ligase (γ-GCL) antioxidant enzymes. However, HFD reduced hypothalamic MC4R and brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels, thereby preventing the neuroprotective mechanism induced by melanocortins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Ramírez
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Saba
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Turati
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lila Carniglia
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Imsen
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Mohn
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Scimonelli
- IFEC-CONICET, Pharmacology Department, School of Chemistry, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela Durand
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caruso
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sex-associated preventive effects of low-dose aspirin on obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mouse offspring with over-nutrition in utero. J Transl Med 2019; 99:244-259. [PMID: 30413815 PMCID: PMC6354253 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin has been found to diminish hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in both obese rodents and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to test whether low-dose aspirin can prevent obesity and the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-risk subjects. We used offspring mice with maternal over-nutrition as a high-risk model of obesity and NAFLD. The offspring were given postnatal HF-diet and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce obesity and NAFLD, and were treated with or without a low dose of aspirin for 12 weeks (ASP or CTL groups). Aspirin treatment reduced body weight gain, reversed glucose intolerance, and depressed hepatic lipid accumulation in female, but not in male mice. Female mice displayed re-sensitized insulin/Akt signaling and overactivated AMPK signaling, with enhanced level of hepatic PPAR-γ, Glut4, and Glut2, while male mice only enhanced hepatic PPAR-α and PPAR-γ levels. The female ASP mice had inhibited p44/42 MAPK activity and enhanced Pten expression, while male displayed activated p38 MAPK signaling. Furthermore, the female but not the male ASP mice reduced Wnt-signaling activity via both the epigenetic regulation of Apc expression and the post-transcriptional regulation of β-catenin degradation. In summary, our study demonstrates a sex-associated effect of low-dose aspirin on obesity and NAFLD prevention in female but not in male mice.
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Salameh TS, Mortell WG, Logsdon AF, Butterfield DA, Banks WA. Disruption of the hippocampal and hypothalamic blood-brain barrier in a diet-induced obese model of type II diabetes: prevention and treatment by the mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, topiramate. Fluids Barriers CNS 2019; 16:1. [PMID: 30616618 PMCID: PMC6323732 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II diabetes is a vascular risk factor for cognitive impairment and increased risk of dementia. Disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) are hallmarks of subsequent retinal edema and central nervous system dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which diet or metabolic syndrome induces dysfunction are not understood. A proposed mechanism is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase (mCA) decreases ROS and oxidative stress. In this study, topiramate, a mCA inhibitor, was examined for its ability to protect the BRB and BBB in diet-induced obese type II diabetic mice. METHODS BBB and BRB permeability were assessed using 14C-sucrose and 99mTc-albumin in CD-1 mice fed a low-fat (control) or a high-fat diet. Topiramate administration was compared to saline controls in both preventative and efficacy arms examining BRB and BBB disruption. Body weight and blood glucose were measured weekly and body composition was assessed using EchoMRI. Metabolic activity was measured using a comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system. Brain tissues collected from the mice were assessed for changes in oxidative stress and tight junction proteins. RESULTS High-fat feeding caused increased entry of 14C-sucrose and 99mTc-albumin into the brains of diet-induced obese type II diabetic mice. Increased permeability to 14C-sucrose was observed in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, and attenuated by topiramate treatment, while increased permeability to 99mTc-albumin occurred in the whole brain and was also attenuated by topiramate. Treatment with topiramate decreased measures of oxidative stress and increased expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-12. In the retina, we observed increased entry of 99mTc-albumin simultaneously with increased entry into the whole brain during the preventative arm. This occurred prior to increased entry to the retina for 14C-sucrose which occurred during the efficacy arm. Treatment with topiramate had no effect on the retina. CONCLUSIONS Blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier dysfunction were examined in a mouse model of diet-induced obese type II diabetes. These studies demonstrate that there are spatial and temporal differences in 14C-sucrose and 99mTc-albumin permeability in the brain and retina of diet-induced obese type II diabetic mice. Topiramate, a mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is efficacious at both preventing and treating BBB disruption in this diet-induced obese type II diabetic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese S. Salameh
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, 810A/Bldg 1, Seattle, WA 98108 USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - William G. Mortell
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, 810A/Bldg 1, Seattle, WA 98108 USA
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, 810A/Bldg 1, Seattle, WA 98108 USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, 810A/Bldg 1, Seattle, WA 98108 USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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180
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Nuno DW, Lamping KG. Dietary Fatty Acid Saturation Modulates Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Mediated Vascular Function. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2354274. [PMID: 31534971 PMCID: PMC6732604 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2354274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, modified by dietary fatty acids, are integral components of plasma membrane and caveolae that are also vasoactive compounds. We hypothesized that dietary fatty acid saturation affects vasoconstriction to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) through caveolar regulation of rho kinase. Wild type (WT) and caveolin-1-deficient (cav-1 KO) mice which lack vascular caveolae were fed a low-fat diet (LF), 60% high-saturated fat diet (lard, HF), or 60% fat diet with equal amounts of lard and n-3 polyunsaturated menhaden oil (MO). Weight gain of WT on HF and MO diets was similar while markedly blunted in cav-1 KO. Neither high-fat diet affected the expression of cav-1, rho, or rho kinase in arteries from WT. In cav-1 KO, MO increased the vascular expression of rho but had no effect on rho kinase. HF had no effect on rho or rho kinase expression in cav-1 KO. S1P produced a concentration-dependent constriction of gracilis arteries from WT on LF that was reduced with HF and restored to normal with MO. Constriction to S1P was reduced in cav-1 KO and no longer affected by a high-saturated fat diet. Inhibition of rho kinase which reduced constriction to PE independent of diet in arteries from WT and cav-1 KO only reduced constriction to S1P in arteries from WT fed MO. The data suggest that dietary fatty acids modify vascular responses to S1P by a caveolar-dependent mechanism which is enhanced by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Nuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathryn G. Lamping
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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181
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Jones NS, Rebeck GW. The Synergistic Effects of APOE Genotype and Obesity on Alzheimer's Disease Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010063. [PMID: 30586872 PMCID: PMC6337558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The APOE gene has three common alleles—E2, E3, and E4, with APOE4 being the strongest genetic risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Obesity is a global epidemic and contributes to multiple metabolic problems. Obesity is also a risk factor for cognitive decline. Here, we review the effects of APOE4 and obesity on cognition and AD development, independently and together. We describe studies that have associated APOE4 with cognitive deficits and AD, as well as studies that have associated obesity to cognitive deficits and AD. We then describe studies that have examined the effects of obesity and APOE genotypes together, with a focus on APOE4 and high fat diets. Both human studies and rodent models have contributed to understanding the effects of obesity on the different APOE genotypes, and we outline possible underlying mechanisms associated with these effects. Data across approaches support a model in which APOE4 and obesity combine for greater detrimental effects on metabolism and cognition, in ways that are influenced by both age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahdia S Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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182
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Frankot M, Treesukosol Y. Alternate day fasting decreases preference for a calorically dense diet by increasing chow intake and altering meal pattern parameters. Physiol Behav 2018; 201:12-21. [PMID: 30521879 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternate day fasting (ADF) is an effective dietary strategy for weight loss in both humans and rats. However, fasting can elicit hyperphagia in rats, particularly upon access to a calorically dense, high-energy (HE) diet. To examine the effects of ADF on HE diet preference, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive either ad-libitum or alternate day access to both chow and HE food. Meal pattern analysis was conducted to provide a more detailed explanation of changes in HE preference. ADF rats had a decreased preference for the HE diet compared to controls. Both male and female ADF rats increased in overall intake of chow. However, for male ADF rats, the decrease in HE preference was driven by an increase in both size and number of chow meals; for females, it was driven only by an increase in number of chow meals. Meal size is controlled by both positive feedback (e.g., from the oral cavity) and negative feedback (e.g., from postoral inhibitory signals). Thus, for males, fasting appeared to increase orosensory stimulation and/or decrease sensitivity to inhibitory cues towards chow. For females, fasting appeared to decrease sensitivity to inhibitory cues towards chow. The decrease in HE preference observed in the current study may contribute to the effectiveness of ADF as a dietary strategy for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Frankot
- Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Yada Treesukosol
- Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
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183
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Tsai SF, Wu HT, Chen PC, Chen YW, Yu M, Wang TF, Wu SY, Tzeng SF, Kuo YM. High-fat diet suppresses the astrocytic process arborization and downregulates the glial glutamate transporters in the hippocampus of mice. Brain Res 2018; 1700:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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184
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Shepard BD, Koepsell H, Pluznick JL. Renal olfactory receptor 1393 contributes to the progression of type 2 diabetes in a diet-induced obesity model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F372-F381. [PMID: 30484350 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that serve to detect odorants in the nose. Additionally, these receptors are expressed in other tissues, where they have functions outside the canonical smell response. Olfactory receptor 1393 (Olfr1393) was recently identified as a novel regulator of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (Sglt1) localization in the renal proximal tubule. Glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule (via Sglt1 and Sglt2) has emerged as an important contributor to the development of diabetes. Inhibition of Sglt2 is accepted as a viable therapeutic treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes and has been shown to delay development of diabetic kidney disease. We hypothesized that Olfr1393 may contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes, particularly the development of hyperfiltration, which has been linked to increased Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule via the Sglts. To test this hypothesis, Olfr1393 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were challenged with a high-fat diet to induce early-stage type 2 diabetes. After 16 wk on the high-fat diet, fasting blood glucose values were increased and glucose tolerance was impaired in the male WT mice. Both of these effects were significantly blunted in the male KO mice. In addition, male and female WT mice developed diabetes-induced hyperfiltration, which was attenuated in the Olfr1393 KO mice and corresponded with a reduction in luminal expression of Sglt2. Collectively, these data indicate that renal Olfr1393 can contribute to the progression of type 2 diabetes, likely as a regulator of Na+-glucose cotransport in the proximal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe D Shepard
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Human Science, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von Sachs-Institute, University Wurzburg , Wurzburg , Germany
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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185
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Keleher MR, Zaidi R, Patel K, Ahmed A, Bettler C, Pavlatos C, Shah S, Cheverud JM. The effect of dietary fat on behavior in mice. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2018; 17:297-307. [PMID: 30918865 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction in humans and rodents, and its effects can be passed on to the next generation. However, the extent of these effects is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a prenatal maternal high-fat diet and an individual high-fat diet in inbred mice. Methods We varied maternal diet and offspring diet to test the hypothesis that a high-fat diet would increase anxiety, reduce activity levels, and impair nest-building. First, we fed a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet to genetically identical female Small (SM/J) mice and mated them with LF males. We cross-fostered all offspring to LF-fed SM/J nurses and weaned them onto an HF or LF diet. We weighed the mice weekly and we tested anxiety with the Open Field Test, activity levels with instantaneous scan sampling, and nest building using the Deacon Scale. Results Diet significantly affected weight, with HF females weighing 28.2 g (± 1.4 g SE) and LF females weighing 15.1 g (± 1.6 g SE) at 17 weeks old. The offspring's own diet had major behavioral effects. HF mice produced more fecal boli and urinations in the Open Field Test, built lower-quality nests, and had lower activity in adulthood than LF mice. The only trait that a prenatal maternal diet significantly affected was whether the offspring built their nests inside or outside of a hut. Conclusions Offspring diet, but not prenatal maternal diet, affected a wide range of behaviors in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rose Keleher
- 1Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Population Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Rabab Zaidi
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Kayna Patel
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Amer Ahmed
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Carlee Bettler
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Cassondra Pavlatos
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Shyam Shah
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - James M Cheverud
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
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186
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Del Olmo N, Ruiz-Gayo M. Influence of High-Fat Diets Consumed During the Juvenile Period on Hippocampal Morphology and Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:439. [PMID: 30515083 PMCID: PMC6255817 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of obesity on neurocognitive functioning is an issue of increasing clinical interest. Over the last decade, a number of studies have analyzed the influence of high-fat diets (HFDs) on cognitive performance, particularly in adolescent individuals. Different approaches, including behavioral, neurochemical, electrophysiological and morphological studies, have been developed to address the effect of HFDs on neural processes interfering with learning and memory skills in rodents. Many of the studies have focused on learning and memory related to the hippocampus and the mechanisms underlying these processes. The goal of the current review article is to highlight the relationship between hippocampal learning/memory deficits and nutritional/endocrine inputs derived from HFDs consumption, with a special emphasis on research showing the effect of HFDs intake during the juvenile period. We have also reviewed recent research regarding the effect of HFDs on hippocampal neurotransmission. An overview of research suggesting the involvement of fatty acid (FA) receptor-mediated signaling pathways in memory deficits triggered by HFDs is also provided. Finally, the role of leptin and HFD-evoked hyperleptinemia is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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187
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Dugas LR, Bernabé BP, Priyadarshini M, Fei N, Park SJ, Brown L, Plange-Rhule J, Nelson D, Toh EC, Gao X, Dong Q, Sun J, Kliethermes S, Gottel N, Luke A, Gilbert JA, Layden BT. Decreased microbial co-occurrence network stability and SCFA receptor level correlates with obesity in African-origin women. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17135. [PMID: 30459320 PMCID: PMC6244201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the gut microbial populations in 100 women, from rural Ghana and urban US [50% lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 50% obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)] to examine the ecological co-occurrence network topology of the gut microbiota as well as the relationship of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with obesity. Ghanaians consumed significantly more dietary fiber, had greater microbial alpha-diversity, different beta-diversity, and had a greater concentration of total fecal SCFAs (p-value < 0.002). Lean Ghanaians had significantly greater network density, connectivity and stability than either obese Ghanaians, or lean and obese US participants (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p-value ≤ 0.01). Bacteroides uniformis was significantly more abundant in lean women, irrespective of country (FDR corrected p < 0.001), while lean Ghanaians had a significantly greater proportion of Ruminococcus callidus, Prevotella copri, and Escherichia coli, and smaller proportions of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. Lean Ghanaians had a significantly greater abundance of predicted microbial genes that catalyzed the production of butyric acid via the fermentation of pyruvate or branched amino-acids, while obese Ghanaians and US women (irrespective of BMI) had a significantly greater abundance of predicted microbial genes that encoded for enzymes associated with the fermentation of amino-acids such as alanine, aspartate, lysine and glutamate. Similar to lean Ghanaian women, mice humanized with stool from the lean Ghanaian participant had a significantly lower abundance of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, and were resistant to obesity following 6-weeks of high fat feeding (p-value < 0.01). Obesity-resistant mice also showed increased intestinal transcriptional expression of the free fatty acid (Ffa) receptor Ffa2, in spite of similar fecal SCFAs concentrations. We demonstrate that the association between obesity resistance and increased predicted ecological connectivity and stability of the lean Ghanaian microbiota, as well as increased local SCFA receptor level, provides evidence of the importance of robust gut ecologic network in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | | | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Na Fei
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seo Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laquita Brown
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - David Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Evelyn C Toh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Qunfeng Dong
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie Kliethermes
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neil Gottel
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kaliannan K, Robertson RC, Murphy K, Stanton C, Kang C, Wang B, Hao L, Bhan AK, Kang JX. Estrogen-mediated gut microbiome alterations influence sexual dimorphism in metabolic syndrome in mice. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:205. [PMID: 30424806 PMCID: PMC6234624 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanism of the sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) is important for the development of effective interventions for MS. RESULTS Here we show that gut microbiome mediates the preventive effect of estrogen (17β-estradiol) on metabolic endotoxemia (ME) and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI), the underlying causes of MS and chronic diseases. The characteristic profiles of gut microbiome observed in female and 17β-estradiol-treated male and ovariectomized mice, such as decreased Proteobacteria and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, were associated with a lower susceptibility to ME, LGCI, and MS in these animals. Interestingly, fecal microbiota-transplant from male mice transferred the MS phenotype to female mice, while antibiotic treatment eliminated the sexual dimorphism in MS, suggesting a causative role of the gut microbiome in this condition. Moreover, estrogenic compounds such as isoflavones exerted microbiome-modulating effects similar to those of 17β-estradiol and reversed symptoms of MS in the male mice. Finally, both expression and activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), a gut microbiota-modifying non-classical anti-microbial peptide, were upregulated by 17β-estradiol and isoflavones, whereas inhibition of IAP induced ME and LGCI in female mice, indicating a critical role of IAP in mediating the effects of estrogen on these parameters. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have identified a previously uncharacterized microbiome-based mechanism that sheds light upon sexual dimorphism in the incidence of MS and that suggests novel therapeutic targets and strategies for the management of obesity and MS in males and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakaraju Kaliannan
- Laboratory of Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 -13th Street, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Ruairi C. Robertson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiera Murphy
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chao Kang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hao
- Laboratory of Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 -13th Street, Boston, MA 02129 USA
| | - Atul K. Bhan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory of Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 -13th Street, Boston, MA 02129 USA
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Onufer EJ, Tay S, Barron LK, Courtney CM, Warner BW, Guo J. Intestinal epithelial cell-specific Raptor is essential for high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:1174-1179. [PMID: 30318117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major regulator of cell growth and proliferation through fuel sensing. Systemic inhibition of mTOR as well as manipulation of its downstream products prevent diet-induced obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the consequences of intestine-targeted mTORC1 inhibition. To attenuate intestinal mTORC1 activity, Villin-CreER mice were crossed with Raptorflox/flox mice, creating an intestinal-specific Raptor null line (i-Raptor -/-). Mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and compositional changes as well as food intake levels were assessed. Over a five-week time course, i-Raptor -/- mice consistently gained less body weight on a HFD compared to wildtype (WT) mice secondary to significantly reduced food intake. Importantly, the i-Raptor -/- mice did not appear to be malnourished, demonstrated by their preservation of lean body mass. i-Raptor -/- mice also maintained a normal metabolic profile without significant changes in triglyceride or fasting glucose levels. Further investigation revealed that GDF-15 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in i-Raptor -/- enterocytes when refed with HFD after overnight starvation. In summary, our study establishes that loss of intestinal specific-mTORC1 is protective of the development of diet-induced obesity by reducing food intake without altering the metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Onufer
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shirli Tay
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lauren K Barron
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cathleen M Courtney
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brad W Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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190
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Moser VA, Uchoa MF, Pike CJ. TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 attenuates the adverse neural effects of diet-induced obesity. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:306. [PMID: 30396359 PMCID: PMC6217784 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity exerts negative effects on brain health, including decreased neurogenesis, impaired learning and memory, and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Because obesity promotes glial activation, chronic neuroinflammation, and neural injury, microglia are implicated in the deleterious effects of obesity. One pathway that is particularly important in mediating the effects of obesity in peripheral tissues is toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. The potential contribution of TLR4 pathways in mediating adverse neural outcomes of obesity has not been well addressed. To investigate this possibility, we examined how pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 affects the peripheral and neural outcomes of diet-induced obesity. METHODS Male C57BL6/J mice were maintained on either a control or high-fat diet for 12 weeks in the presence or absence of the specific TLR4 signaling inhibitor TAK-242. Outcomes examined included metabolic indices, a range of behavioral assessments, microglial activation, systemic and neuroinflammation, and neural health endpoints. RESULTS Peripherally, TAK-242 treatment was associated with partial inhibition of inflammation in the adipose tissue but exerted no significant effects on body weight, adiposity, and a range of metabolic measures. In the brain, obese mice treated with TAK-242 exhibited a significant reduction in microglial activation, improved levels of neurogenesis, and inhibition of Alzheimer-related amyloidogenic pathways. High-fat diet and TAK-242 were associated with only very modest effects on a range of behavioral measures. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a significant protective effect of TLR4 inhibition on neural consequences of obesity, findings that further define the role of microglia in obesity-mediated outcomes and identify a strategy for improving brain health in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Alexandra Moser
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641 Watt Way, HNB 120, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Mariana F. Uchoa
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641 Watt Way, HNB 120, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Christian J. Pike
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641 Watt Way, HNB 120, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA ,0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA
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191
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Wolff G, Taranko AE, Meln I, Weinmann J, Sijmonsma T, Lerch S, Heide D, Billeter AT, Tews D, Krunic D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Müller-Stich BP, Herzig S, Grimm D, Heikenwälder M, Kao WW, Vegiopoulos A. Diet-dependent function of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan Lumican in obesity and glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2018; 19:97-106. [PMID: 30409703 PMCID: PMC6323191 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Extracellular matrix remodeling is required for adipose expansion under increased caloric intake. In turn, inhibited expandability due to aberrant collagen deposition promotes insulin resistance and progression towards the metabolic syndrome. An emerging role for the small leucine-rich proteoglycan Lumican in metabolically driven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease sparks an interest in further understanding its role in diet-induced obesity and metabolic complications. Methods Whole body ablation of Lumican (Lum−/−) gene and adeno-associated virus-mediated over-expression were used in combination with control or high fat diet to assess energy balance, glucose homeostasis as well as adipose tissue health and remodeling. Results Lumican was found to be particularly enriched in the stromal cells isolated from murine gonadal white adipose tissue. Likewise murine and human visceral fat showed a robust increase in Lumican as compared to fat from the subcutaneous depot. Lumican null female mice exhibited moderately increased fat mass, decreased insulin sensitivity and increased liver triglycerides in a diet-dependent manner. These changes coincided with inflammation in adipose tissue and no overt effects in adipose expandability, i.e. adipocyte formation and hypertrophy. Lumican over-expression in visceral fat and liver resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance. Conclusions These data indicate that Lumican may represent a functional link between the extracellular matrix, glucose homeostasis, and features of the metabolic syndrome. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan Lumican (Lum) is particularly enriched in stromal cells within white adipose tissue. Visceral fat from obese patients displays increased levels of Lum compared to subcutaneous fat. Lum-Ko female mice exhibit decreased insulin sensitivity and increased triglycerides upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Lum-Ko female mice on HFD have increased inflammation in white fat in the absence of overt effects on adipocyte formation. · Lum over-expression in visceral fat and liver resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wolff
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - A E Taranko
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Meln
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Weinmann
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Dept. of Infectious Diseases/Virology, BioQuant Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Sijmonsma
- Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Lerch
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Heide
- Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A T Billeter
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - B P Müller-Stich
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Herzig
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Grimm
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Dept. of Infectious Diseases/Virology, BioQuant Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Heikenwälder
- Division Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W W Kao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Vegiopoulos
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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192
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Xu H, Fu Q, Zhou Y, Xue C, Olson P, Lynch EC, Zhang KK, Wu C, Murano P, Zhang L, Xie L. A long-term maternal diet intervention is necessary to avoid the obesogenic effect of maternal high-fat diet in the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:210-220. [PMID: 30316166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although a pre-pregnancy dietary intervention is believed to be able to prevent offspring obesity, research evidence is absent. We hypothesize that a long period of pre-pregnancy maternal diet transition from a high-fat (HF) diet to a normal-fat (NF) diet effectively prevents offspring obesity, and this preventive effect is independent of maternal body weight change. In our study, female mice were either continued on an NF diet (NF group) or an HF diet (HF group) until weaning, or switched from an HF to an NF for 1 week (H1N group), 5 weeks (H5N group) or 9 weeks (H9N group) before pregnancy. After weaning, the offspring were given the HF diet for 12 weeks to promote obesity. The mothers, regardless of which group, did not display maternal body weight change and glucose intolerance either before pregnancy or after weaning. Compared to the HF group, the H1N and H5N, but not the H9N, offspring developed glucose intolerance earlier, with more severely imbalanced glucose homeostasis. These offspring also displayed hepatocyte degeneration and significant adipocyte hypertrophy associated with higher expression of lipogenesis genes. The molecular mechanistic study showed blunted insulin signaling, overactivated adipocyte Akt signaling and hepatic AMPK signaling with enhanced lipogenesis genes in the H1N and H5N versus the NF offspring. However, maternal H9N diets normalized glucose and lipid metabolism of the offspring via resensitized insulin signaling and normalized Akt and AMPK signaling. In summary, we showed that a long-term maternal diet intervention effectively released the intergenerational obesogenic effect of maternal HF diet independent of maternal weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202; Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202; Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202; Campus Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Patrick Olson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Ernest C Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Ke K Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202; ND-INBRE Bioinfomatic Core, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Peter Murano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, NJ, USA; Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
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193
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Microglia Play an Active Role in Obesity-Associated Cognitive Decline. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8889-8904. [PMID: 30201764 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0789-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects >600 million people worldwide, a staggering number that appears to be on the rise. One of the lesser known consequences of obesity is its deleterious effects on cognition, which have been well documented across many cognitive domains and age groups. To investigate the cellular mechanisms that underlie obesity-associated cognitive decline, we used diet-induced obesity in male mice and found memory impairments along with reductions in dendritic spines, sites of excitatory synapses, increases in the activation of microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, and increases in synaptic profiles within microglia, in the hippocampus, a brain region linked to cognition. We found that partial knockdown of the receptor for fractalkine, a chemokine that can serve as a "find me" cue for microglia, prevented microglial activation and cognitive decline induced by obesity. Furthermore, we found that pharmacological inhibition of microglial activation in obese mice was associated with prevention of both dendritic spine loss and cognitive degradation. Finally, we observed that pharmacological blockade of microglial phagocytosis lessened obesity-associated cognitive decline. These findings suggest that microglia play an active role in obesity-associated cognitive decline by phagocytosis of synapses that are important for optimal function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Obesity in humans correlates with reduced cognitive function. To investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying this, we used diet-induced obesity in mice and found impaired performance on cognitive tests of hippocampal function. These deficits were accompanied by reduced numbers of dendritic spines, increased microglial activation, and increased synaptic profiles within microglia. Inhibition of microglial activation by transgenic and pharmacological methods prevented cognitive decline and dendritic spine loss in obese mice. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of the phagocytic activity of microglia was also sufficient to prevent cognitive degradation. This work suggests that microglia may be responsible for obesity-associated cognitive decline and dendritic spine loss.
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194
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Tran T, Yang J, Gardner J, Xiong Y. GDF15 deficiency promotes high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201584. [PMID: 30070999 PMCID: PMC6072047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of recombinant growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) proteins reduces body weight in obese rodents and primates. Paradoxically, circulating GDF15 levels are increased in obesity. To investigate the role of endogenous GDF15 in obesity development, we put GDF15 knockout mice and wildtype controls on high fat diet for the mice to develop diet-induced obesity. Compared to wildtype animals, GDF15 knockout mice were more prone to high fat diet-induced obesity. Male knockout mice showed worse glucose tolerance, lower locomotor activity and lower metabolic rate than wildtype mice. Additionally, GDF15 deficiency increased occurrences of high fat diet-induced skin lesions. Our data suggests that endogenous GDF15 has a protective role in obesity development and lack of GDF15 aggravates the progression of obesity and associated pathological conditions. Elevated GDF15 levels in obesity may have resulted from a response to overcome GDF15 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanhvien Tran
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Disorders; Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jingping Yang
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Disorders; Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonitha Gardner
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Disorders; Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Yumei Xiong
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Disorders; Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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195
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Kundu P, Korol DL, Bandara S, Monaikul S, Ondera CE, Helferich WG, Khan IA, Doerge DR, Schantz SL. Licorice root components mimic estrogens in an object location task but not an object recognition task. Horm Behav 2018; 103:97-106. [PMID: 29920269 PMCID: PMC6086590 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of components of licorice root to alter performance on two different recognition tasks, a hippocampus-sensitive metric change in object location (MCOL) task and a striatum-sensitive double object recognition (DOR) task. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), licorice root extract (LRE), and whole licorice root powder (LRP) were assessed. Young adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and exposed to ISL, LRE or LRP at 0.075%, 0.5% or 5% respectively in the diet. An estradiol group was included as a positive control based on our prior findings. Rats were allowed to explore two objects for three 5-min study trials (separated by 3-min intervals) before a fourth 5-min test trial where the objects were moved closer together (MCOL task) or replaced with two new objects (DOR task). Rats typically habituate to the objects across the three study trials. An increase in object exploration time in the test trial suggests the rat detected the change. Estradiol improved MCOL performance and impaired DOR performance, similar to previously shown effects of estradiol and other estrogens, which tend to improve learning and memory on hippocampus-sensitive tasks and impair striatum-sensitive cognition. LRP had no effect on recognition while exposure to ISL and LRE improved MCOL performance. Exposure to ISL, LRE and LRP failed to attenuate DOR, contrary to effects of estradiol shown here and to previous reports in young-adult OVX rats. These findings suggest components of licorice root may prove to be effective therapies targeting memory enhancement without unintended deleterious cognitive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Kundu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Donna L Korol
- Syracuse University, Department of Biology, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Suren Bandara
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Supida Monaikul
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Caitlin E Ondera
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - William G Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 905 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- The University of Mississippi, 1558 University Circle, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Daniel R Doerge
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Susan L Schantz
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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196
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Tencerova M, Figeac F, Ditzel N, Taipaleenmäki H, Nielsen TK, Kassem M. High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Promotes Expansion of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Impairs Skeletal Stem Cell Functions in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1154-1165. [PMID: 29444341 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a risk factor for development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In addition, it has been associated with increased adipocyte formation in the bone marrow (BM) along with increased risk for bone fragility fractures. However, little is known on the cellular mechanisms that link obesity, BM adiposity, and bone fragility. Thus, in an obesity intervention study in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, we investigated the molecular and cellular phenotype of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), BM progenitor cells, and BM microenvironment in comparison to peripheral adipose tissue (AT). HFD decreased trabecular bone mass by 29%, cortical thickness by 5%, and increased BM adiposity by 184%. In contrast to peripheral AT, BMAT did not exhibit pro-inflammatory phenotype. BM progenitor cells isolated from HFD mice exhibited decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory genes (Tnfα, IL1β, Lcn2) and did not manifest an insulin resistant phenotype evidenced by normal levels of pAKT after insulin stimulation as well as normal levels of insulin signaling genes. In addition, BM progenitor cells manifested enhanced adipocyte differentiation in HFD condition. Thus, our data demonstrate that BMAT expansion in response to HFD exerts a deleterious effect on the skeleton. Continuous recruitment of progenitor cells to adipogenesis leads to progenitor cell exhaustion, decreased recruitment to osteoblastic cells, and decreased bone formation. In addition, the absence of insulin resistance and inflammation in the BM suggest that BMAT buffers extra energy in the form of triglycerides and thus plays a role in whole-body energy homeostasis. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tina Kamilla Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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197
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Tanajak P, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Apaijai N, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Comparisons of cardioprotective efficacy between fibroblast growth factor 21 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in prediabetic rats. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 35. [PMID: 28391633 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Comparative efficacy between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and vildagliptin on metabolic regulation, cardiac mitochondrial function, heart rate variability (HRV), and left ventricular (LV) function is not known. We hypothesized that FGF21 and vildagliptin share a similar efficacy in improving these parameters in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese-insulin resistant rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 12 weeks. Then, ND rats were received vehicle (NDV). Rats in the HFD group were divided into three subgroups to receive either vehicle (HFV), recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 0.1 mg/kg/d, ip; HFF), or vildagliptin (3 mg/kg/d, PO; HFVil) for 28 days. RESULTS HFV rats developed obese-insulin resistance, increased serum tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α) level, impaired heart rate variability (HRV) together with cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and LV dysfunction. Cardiac apoptosis was markedly increased in HFV rats indicated by decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) with increased Bcl2-associated X-protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase 3 expression. Cardiac FGF21 signaling pathways were markedly decreased in HFV rats indicated by decreased phosphor-fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 (p-FGFR1), phosphor-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 (p-ERK1/2), proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) expression. Although both FGF21 and vildagliptin similarly attenuated these impairments, only HFF rats had decreased body weight, visceral fat, and serum TNF-α levels. CONCLUSIONS FGF21 exerts better metabolic regulation and inflammation reduction than vildagliptin. However, FGF21 and vildagliptin shared a similar efficacy for cardioprotection by improving HRV and LV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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198
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Zhu C, Han TL, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Mao X, Qi H, Baker PN, Zhang H. A mouse model of pre-pregnancy maternal obesity combined with offspring exposure to a high-fat diet resulted in cognitive impairment in male offspring. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:159-166. [PMID: 29698637 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a brain dysfunction characterized by neuropsychological deficits in attention, working memory, and executive function. Maternal obesity and consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in the offspring has been suggested to have detrimental consequences for offspring cognitive function through its effect on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal obesity and offspring HFD exposure on the brain metabolome of the offspring. METHODS In our pilot study, a LepRdb/+ mouse model was used to model pre-pregnancy maternal obesity and the c57bl/6 wildtype was used as a control group. Offspring were fed either a HFD or a low-fat control diet (LFD) after weaning (between 8 and 10 weeks). The Mirrors water maze was performed between 28 and 30 weeks to measure cognitive function. Fatty acid metabolomic profiles of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus from the offspring at 30-32 weeks were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The memory of male offspring from obese maternal mice, consuming a HFD post-weaning, was significantly impaired when compared to the control offspring mice. No significant differences were observed in female offspring. In male mice, the fatty acid metabolites in the prefrontal cortex were most affected by maternal obesity, whereas, the fatty acid metabolites in the hippocampus were most affected by the offspring's diet. Hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were significantly affected in both the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex, as a result of maternal obesity and a HFD in the offspring. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the combination of maternal obesity and HFD in the offspring can result in spatial cognitive deficiency in the male offspring, by influencing the fatty acid metabolite profiles in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Further research is needed to validate the results of our pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xin Qiao Hospital, The Second Medical College of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yalan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip N Baker
- Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Huynh K, Martins RN, Meikle PJ. Lipidomic Profiles in Diabetes and Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:433-444. [PMID: 28582856 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are a diverse class of hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules which make up the bulk of most biological systems and are essential for human life. The role of lipids in health and disease has been recognized for many decades, as evidenced by the early identification of cholesterol as an important risk factor of heart disease and the development and introduction of statins as a one of the most successful therapeutic interventions to date. While several studies have demonstrated an increased risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), in those with diabetes mellitus, the nature of this risk is not well understood. Recent developments in the field of lipidomics, driven primarily by technological advances in high pressure liquid chromatography and particularly mass spectrometry, have enabled the detailed characterization of the many hundreds of individual lipid species in mammalian systems and their association with disease states. Diabetes mellitus and AD have received particular attention due to their prominence in Western societies as a result of the ongoing obesity epidemic and the aging populations. In this review, we examine how these lipidomic studies are informing on the relationship between lipid metabolism with diabetes and AD and how this may inform on the common pathological pathways that link diabetes risk with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Microbiome-metabolome signatures in mice genetically prone to develop dementia, fed a normal or fatty diet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4907. [PMID: 29559675 PMCID: PMC5861049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline, obesity and gut dysfunction or microbial dysbiosis occur in association. Our aim was to identify gut microbiota-metabolomics signatures preceding dementia in genetically prone (3xtg) mice, with and without superimposed high-fat diet. We examined the composition and diversity of their gut microbiota, and serum and faecal metabolites. 3xtg mice showed brain hypometabolism typical of pre-demented stage, and lacked the physiological bacterial diversity between caecum and colon seen in controls. Cluster analyses revealed distinct profiles of microbiota, and serum and fecal metabolome across groups. Elevation in Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes abundance, and exclusive presence of Turicibacteraceae, Christensenellaceae, Anaeroplasmataceae and Ruminococcaceae, and lack of Bifidobacteriaceae, were also observed. Metabolome analysis revealed a deficiency in unsaturated fatty acids and choline, and an overabundance in ketone bodies, lactate, amino acids, TMA and TMAO in 3xtg mice, with additive effects of high-fat diet. These metabolic alterations were correlated with high prevalence of Enterococcaceae, Staphylococcus, Roseburia, Coprobacillus and Dorea, and low prevalence of S24.7, rc4.4 and Bifidobacterium, which in turn related to cognitive impairment and cerebral hypometabolism. Our results indicate an effect of transgenic background on gut microbiome-metabolome, enhanced by high-fat diet. The resulting profiles may precede overt cognitive impairment, suggesting their predictive or risk-stratifying potential.
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