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Tajuelo A, Carretero O, García-Ríos E, López-Siles M, Cano O, Vázquez M, Más V, Rodríguez-Goncer I, Lalueza A, López-Medrano F, Juan RS, Fernández-Ruiz M, Aguado JM, McConnell MJ, Pérez-Romero P. Brief Research Report: Virus-Specific Humoral Immunity at Admission Predicts the Development of Respiratory Failure in Unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878812. [PMID: 35547738 PMCID: PMC9082065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is robust evidence indicating that the SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral response is associated with protection against severe disease. However, relatively little data exist regarding how the humoral immune response at the time of hospital admission correlates with disease severity in unimmunized patients. Our goal was toidentify variables of the humoral response that could potentially serve as prognostic markers for COVID-19 progressionin unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 patients. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a cohort of 160 unimmunized, adult COVID-19 patients from the Hospital Universitario 12Octubre. Participants were classified into four clinical groups based on disease severity: non-survivors with respiratory failure (RF), RF survivors, patients requiring oxygen therapy and those not receiving oxygen therapy. Serum samples were taken on admission and IgM, IgG, IgG subclass antibody titers were determined by ELISA, and neutralizing antibody titersusing a surrogate neutralization assay. The differences in the antibody titers between groups and the association between the clinical and analytical characteristics of the patients and the antibody titers were analyzed. Results Patients that developed RF and survived had IgM titers that were 2-fold higher than non-survivors (p = 0.001), higher levels of total IgG than those who developed RF and succumbed to infection (p< 0.001), and than patients who required oxygen therapy (p< 0.05), and had 5-fold higher IgG1 titers than RF non-survivors (p< 0.001) and those who needed oxygen therapy (p< 0.001), and 2-fold higher than patients that did not require oxygen therapy during admission (p< 0.05). In contrast, RF non-survivorshad the lowest neutralizing antibodylevels, which were significantly lower compared those with RF that survived (p = 0.03). A positive correlation was found between IgM, total IgG, IgG1 and IgG3 titers and neutralizing antibody titers in the total cohort (p ≤ 0.0036). Conclusions We demonstrate that patients with RF that survived infection had significantly higher IgM, IgG, IgG1 and neutralizing titers compared to patients with RF that succumb to infection, suggesting that using humoral response variables could be used as a prognostic marker for guiding the clinical management of unimmunized patients admitted to the hospital for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tajuelo
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Carretero
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estéfani García-Ríos
- Infecciones Víricas e Inmunidad en Enfermos Inmunodeprimidos, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Internacional de Valencia - VIU, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mireia López-Siles
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Cano
- Biología Viral, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Vázquez
- Biología Viral, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Más
- Biología Viral, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Goncer
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Lalueza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Medrano
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael San Juan
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Mᵃ Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Romero
- Infecciones Víricas e Inmunidad en Enfermos Inmunodeprimidos, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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152
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Hassan J, Haigh C, Ahmed T, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1066. [PMID: 35631652 PMCID: PMC9144974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Hassan
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Charlotte Haigh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
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153
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Biological and Immune Responses to Current Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines beyond Anti-Spike Antibody Production. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4028577. [PMID: 35607407 PMCID: PMC9124111 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4028577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several vaccine strategies are now available to fight the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Those based on the administration of lipid-complexed messenger(m)RNA molecules represent the last frontiers in terms of technology innovation. mRNA molecules coding for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein are intramuscularly injected, thereby entering cells by virtue of their encapsulation into synthetic lipid nanovesicles. mRNA-targeted cells express the Spike protein on their plasma membrane in a way that it can be sensed by the immune system, which reacts generating anti-Spike antibodies. Although this class of vaccines appears as the most effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease, their safety and efficiency are challenged by several factors included, but not limited to the following: emergence of viral variants, lack of adequate pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies, inability to protect oral mucosa from infection, and antibody waning. Emergence of viral variants can be a consequence of mass vaccination carried out in a pandemic time using suboptimal vaccines against an RNA virus. On the other hand, understanding the remainder flaws could be of some help in designing next generation anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this commentary, issues regarding the fate of injected mRNA, the tissue distribution of the induced antiviral antibodies, and the generation of memory B cells are discussed. Careful evaluation of both experimental and clinical observations on these key aspects should be taken into account before planning booster administration, vaccination to non-at-risk population, and social restrictions.
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154
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Alagheband Bahrami A, Azargoonjahromi A, Sadraei S, Aarabi A, Payandeh Z, Rajabibazl M. An overview of current drugs and prophylactic vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:38. [PMID: 35562685 PMCID: PMC9100302 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to reduce the burden and spread of a disease. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies invested a great deal of time and money in trying to control and combat the disease. In this regard, due to the urgent need, many vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. Based on their manufacturing technology, the vaccines available for COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV2)) infection can be classified into four platforms: RNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, subunit (protein-based) vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines. Moreover, various drugs have been deemed to negatively affect the progression of the infection via various actions. However, adaptive variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter the pathogenic potential of the virus and increase the difficulty of both drug and vaccine development. In this review, along with drugs used in COVID-19 treatment, currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines as well as variants of the virus are described and evaluated, considering all platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samin Sadraei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Aarabi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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155
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Zhao M, Slotkin R, Sheth AH, Pischel L, Kyriakides TC, Emu B, McNamara C, Shi Q, Delgobbo J, Xu J, Marhoffer E, Mercer-Falkoff A, Holleck J, Ardito D, Sutton RE, Gupta S. Clinical Variables Correlate with Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in an Adult, US-based Population. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.04.03.22273355. [PMID: 35411347 PMCID: PMC8996621 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.03.22273355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background We studied whether comorbid conditions impact strength and duration of immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in a US-based, adult population. Methods Sera (pre-and-post-BNT162b2 vaccination) were tested serially up to 12 months after two doses of vaccine for SARS-CoV-2-anti-Spike neutralizing capacity by pseudotyping assay in 124 individuals; neutralizing titers were correlated to clinical variables with multivariate regression. Post-booster (third dose) effect was measured at 1 and 3 months in 72 and 88 subjects respectively. Results After completion of primary vaccine series, neutralizing antibody IC50 values were high at one month (14-fold increase from pre-vaccination), declined at six months (3.3-fold increase), and increased at one month post-booster (41.5-fold increase). Three months post-booster, IC50 decreased in COVID-naïve individuals (18-fold increase) and increased in prior COVID-19+ individuals (132-fold increase). Age >65 years (β=-0.94, p=0.001) and malignancy (β=-0.88, p=0.002) reduced strength of response at 1 month. Both strength and durability of response at 6 months, respectively, were negatively impacted by end-stage renal disease [(β=-1.10, p=0.004); (β=-0.66, p=0.014)], diabetes mellitus [(β=-0.57, p=0.032); (β=-0.44, p=0.028)], and systemic steroid use [(β=-0.066, p=0.032); (β=-0.55, p=0.037)]. Post-booster IC50 was robust against WA-1 and B.1.617.2, but the immune response decreased with malignancy (β =-0.68, p=0.03) and increased with prior COVID-19 (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion Multiple clinical factors impact the strength and duration of neutralization response post-primary series vaccination, but not the post-booster dose strength. Prior COVID-19 infection enhances the booster-dose response except in individuals with malignancy, suggesting a need for clinically guiding vaccine dosing regimens. Summary Multiple clinical factors impact the strength and duration of neutralization response post-primary series vaccination. All subjects, irrespective of prior COVID infection, benefited from a third dose. Malignancy decreased response following third dose, suggesting the importance of clinically guided vaccine regimens.
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156
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Kaznadzey A, Tutukina M, Bessonova T, Kireeva M, Mazo I. BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Sputnik V Vaccines Induce Comparable Immune Responses on a Par With Severe Course of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:797918. [PMID: 35493476 PMCID: PMC9044856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.797918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which have been in urgent need and development since the beginning of 2020, are aimed to induce a prominent immune system response capable of recognizing and fighting future infection. Here we analyzed the levels of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein after the administration of three types of popular vaccines, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or Sputnik V, using the same ELISA assay to compare their effects. An efficient immune response was observed in the majority of cases. The obtained ranges of signal values were wide, presumably reflecting specific features of the immune system of individuals. At the same time, these ranges were comparable among the three studied vaccines. The anti-RBD IgG levels after vaccination were also similar to those in the patients with moderate/severe course of the COVID-19, and significantly higher than in the individuals with asymptomatic or light symptomatic courses of the disease. No significant correlation was observed between the levels of anti-RBD IgG and sex or age of the vaccinated individuals. The signals measured at different time points for several individuals after full Sputnik V vaccination did not have a significant tendency to lower within many weeks. The rate of neutralization of the interaction of the RBD with the ACE2 receptor after vaccination with Sputnik V was on average slightly higher than in patients with a moderate/severe course of COVID-19. The importance of the second dose administration of the two-dose Sputnik V vaccine was confirmed: while several individuals had not developed detectable levels of the anti-RBD IgG antibodies after the first dose of Sputnik V, after the second dose the antibody signal became positive for all tested individuals and raised on average 5.4 fold. Finally, we showed that people previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed high levels of antibodies, efficiently neutralizing interaction of RBD with ACE2 after the first dose of Sputnik V, with almost no change after the second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kaznadzey
- VirIntel, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Tutukina
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Federal Research Center, Puschino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PSCBR RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana Bessonova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Federal Research Center, Puschino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC PSCBR RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | | | - Ilya Mazo
- VirIntel, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.,Argentys Informatics, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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157
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Junker D, Dulovic A, Becker M, Wagner TR, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Kienzle K, Bunk S, Struemper C, Haeberle H, Schmauder K, Ruetalo N, Malek N, Althaus K, Koeppen M, Rothbauer U, Walz JS, Schindler M, Bitzer M, Göpel S, Schneiderhan-Marra N. COVID-19 patient serum less potently inhibits ACE2-RBD binding for various SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7168. [PMID: 35505068 PMCID: PMC9062870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As global vaccination campaigns against SARS-CoV-2 proceed, there is particular interest in the longevity of immune protection, especially with regard to increasingly infectious virus variants. Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 are promising correlates of protective immunity and have been successfully used for prevention and therapy. As SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) are known to affect binding to the ACE2 receptor and by extension neutralizing activity, we developed a bead-based multiplex ACE2-RBD inhibition assay (RBDCoV-ACE2) as a highly scalable, time-, cost-, and material-saving alternative to infectious live-virus neutralization tests. By mimicking the interaction between ACE2 and the RBD, this serological multiplex assay allows the simultaneous analysis of ACE2 binding inhibition to the RBDs of all SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and variants of interest (VOIs) in a single well. Following validation against a classical virus neutralization test and comparison of performance against a commercially available assay, we analyzed 266 serum samples from 168 COVID-19 patients of varying severity. ACE2 binding inhibition was reduced for ten out of eleven variants examined compared to wild-type, especially for those displaying the E484K mutation such as VOCs beta and gamma. ACE2 binding inhibition, while highly individualistic, positively correlated with IgG levels. ACE2 binding inhibition also correlated with disease severity up to WHO grade 7, after which it reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Teresa R Wagner
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kienzle
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bunk
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlotta Struemper
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helene Haeberle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Schmauder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar Malek
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Personalized Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karina Althaus
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Koeppen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases (RBCT), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Personalized Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Siri Göpel
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
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158
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Jiménez D, Torres Arias M. Immunouniverse of SARS-CoV-2. Immunol Med 2022; 45:186-224. [PMID: 35502127 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2022.2066251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global health problem that has caused millions of deaths worldwide. The infection can present with multiple clinical features ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients to patients with severe or critical illness that can even lead to death. Although the immune system plays an important role in pathogen control, SARS-CoV-2 can drive dysregulation of this response and trigger severe immunopathology. Exploring the mechanisms of the immune response involved in host defense against SARS-CoV-2 allows us to understand its immunopathogenesis and possibly detect features that can be used as potential therapies to eliminate the virus. The main objective of this review on SARS-CoV-2 is to highlight the interaction between the virus and the immune response. We explore the function and action of the immune system, the expression of molecules at the site of infection that cause hyperinflammation and hypercoagulation disorders, the factors leading to the development of pneumonia and subsequent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome which is the leading cause of death in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Marbel Torres Arias
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, CENCINAT, GISAH, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Sangolquí, Pichincha, Ecuador
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159
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Gravningen K, Henriksen S, Hungnes O, Svendsen K, MacDonald E, Schirmer H, Stene-Johansen K, Simonsen GS, Kacelnik O, Elstrøm P, Bragstad K, Rinaldo CH. Risk factors, immune response and whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in a cruise ship outbreak in Norway. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 118:10-20. [PMID: 35189341 PMCID: PMC8855654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve understanding of SARS-CoV-2-transmission and prevention measures on cruise ships, we investigated a Norwegian cruise ship outbreak from July to August 2020 using a multidisciplinary approach after a rapid outbreak response launched by local and national health authorities. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among crew members using epidemiologic data and results from SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharynx-oropharynx samples, antibody analyses of blood samples, and whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS We included 114 multinational crew members (71% participation), median age 36 years, and 69% male. The attack rate was 33%; 32 of 37 outbreak cases were seropositive 5-10 days after PCR. One PCR-negative participant was seropositive, suggesting a previous infection. Network-analysis showed clusters based on common exposures, including embarkation date, nationality, sharing a cabin with an infected cabin-mate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-11.07, p = 0.057), and specific workplaces (mechanical operations: 9.17 [1.82-45.78], catering: 6.11 [1.83-20.38]). Breaches in testing, quarantine, and isolation practices before/during expeditions were reported. Whole-genome sequencing revealed lineage B.1.36, previously identified in Asia. Despite extensive sequencing, the continued transmission of B.1.36 in Norway was not detected. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the high risk of SARS-CoV-2-transmission on cruise ships related to workplace and cabin type and show that continued community transmission after the outbreak could be stopped by implementing immediate infection control measures at the final destination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stian Henriksen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway,UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olav Hungnes
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PB 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Emily MacDonald
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PB 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway,Department of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, 1478 Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | | | - Gunnar Skov Simonsen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway,UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Oliver Kacelnik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PB 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Elstrøm
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PB 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karoline Bragstad
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PB 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Hanssen Rinaldo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway,UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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160
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Iwata S, Sonoyama T, Kamitani A, Shibata R, Homma T, Omoto S, Igarashi K, Ariyasu M. Phase 1/2 clinical trial of COVID-19 vaccine in Japanese participants: A report of interim findings. Vaccine 2022; 40:3721-3726. [PMID: 35606235 PMCID: PMC9122779 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We initiated a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the S-268019-b recombinant protein vaccine, scheduled as 2 intramuscular injections given 21 days apart, in 60 randomized healthy Japanese adults. We evaluated 2 regimens of the S-910823 antigen (5 μg [n = 24] and 10 μg [n = 24]) with an oil-in-water emulsion formulation and compared against placebo (n = 12). Reactogenicity was mild in most participants. No serious adverse events were noted. For both regimens, vaccination resulted in robust IgG and neutralizing antibody production at days 36 and 50 and predominant T-helper 1-mediated immune reaction, as evident through antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses with IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 production on spike protein peptides stimulation. Based on the interim analysis, the S-268019-b vaccine is safe, produces neutralizing antibodies titer comparable with that in convalescent serum from COVID-19-recovered patients. However, further evaluation of the vaccine in a large clinical trial is warranted.
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161
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Zhu DY, Gorman MJ, Yuan D, Yu J, Mercado NB, McMahan K, Borducchi EN, Lifton M, Liu J, Nampanya F, Patel S, Peter L, Tostanoski LH, Pessaint L, Van Ry A, Finneyfrock B, Velasco J, Teow E, Brown R, Cook A, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Lauffenburger DA, Barouch DH, Alter G. Defining the determinants of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral control in a dose-down Ad26.CoV2.S vaccine study in nonhuman primates. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001609. [PMID: 35512013 PMCID: PMC9071142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid creation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, the precise correlates of immunity against severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still unknown. Neutralizing antibodies represent a robust surrogate of protection in early Phase III studies, but vaccines provide protection prior to the evolution of neutralization, vaccines provide protection against variants that evade neutralization, and vaccines continue to provide protection against disease severity in the setting of waning neutralizing titers. Thus, in this study, using an Ad26.CoV2.S dose-down approach in nonhuman primates (NHPs), the role of neutralization, Fc effector function, and T-cell immunity were collectively probed against infection as well as against viral control. While dosing-down minimally impacted neutralizing and binding antibody titers, Fc receptor binding and functional antibody levels were induced in a highly dose-dependent manner. Neutralizing antibody and Fc receptor binding titers, but minimally T cells, were linked to the prevention of transmission. Conversely, Fc receptor binding/function and T cells were linked to antiviral control, with a minimal role for neutralization. These data point to dichotomous roles of neutralization and T-cell function in protection against transmission and disease severity and a continuous role for Fc effector function as a correlate of immunity key to halting and controlling SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y. Zhu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Gorman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dansu Yuan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Noe B. Mercado
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erica N. Borducchi
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle Lifton
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Felix Nampanya
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shivani Patel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren Peter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Alex Van Ry
- Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Jason Velasco
- Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elyse Teow
- Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Renita Brown
- Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony Cook
- Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Mark G. Lewis
- Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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162
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Grunau B, Golding L, Prusinkiewicz MA, Asamoah-Boaheng M, Armour R, Marquez AC, Jassem AN, Barakauskas V, O’Brien SF, Drews SJ, Haig S, Lavoie PM, Goldfarb DM. Comparative 6-Month Wild-Type and Delta-Variant Antibody Levels and Surrogate Neutralization for Adults Vaccinated with BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0270221. [PMID: 35254166 PMCID: PMC9045183 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02702-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While mRNA vaccines are highly efficacious against short-term COVID-19, long-term immunogenicity is less clear. We compared humoral immunogenicity between BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines 6 months after the first vaccine dose, examining the wild-type strain and multiple Delta-variant lineages. Using samples from a prospective observational cohort study of adult paramedics, we included COVID-19-negative participants who received two BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines, and provided a blood sample 170 to 190 days post first vaccine dose. We compared wild-type spike IgG concentrations using the Mann-Whitney U test. We also compared secondary outcomes of: receptor binding domain (RBD) wild-type antibody concentrations, and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) binding to spike proteins from the wild-type strain and five Delta-variant lineages. We included 571 adults: 475 BNT162b2 (83%) and 96 mRNA-1273 (17%) vaccinees, with a mean age of 39 (SD = 10) and 43 (SD = 10) years, respectively. Spike IgG antibody concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) for those who received mRNA-1273 (GM 601 BAU/mL [GSD 2.05]) versus BNT162b2 (GM 375 BAU/mL [GSD 2.33) vaccines. Results of RBD antibody comparisons (P < 0.0001), and inhibition of ACE-2 binding to the wild-type strain and all tested Delta lineages (all P < 0.0001), were consistent. Adults who received two doses of mRNA-1273 vaccines demonstrated improved wild-type and Delta variant-specific humoral immunity outcomes at 6 months compared with those who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. IMPORTANCE The BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy for preventing short-term COVID-19. However, comparative long-term effectiveness is unclear, especially pertaining to the Delta variant. We tested virus-specific antibody responses 6 months after the first vaccine dose and compared individuals who received the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We found that individuals who received the mRNA-1273 vaccine demonstrated superior serological markers at 6 months in comparison with those who received the BNT162b2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Grunau
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liam Golding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin A. Prusinkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Asamoah-Boaheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Richard Armour
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Citlali Marquez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Agatha N. Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Public Health Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vilte Barakauskas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Steven J. Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott Haig
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascal M. Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David M. Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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163
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Lanini S, Milleri S, Andreano E, Nosari S, Paciello I, Piccini G, Gentili A, Phogat A, Hyseni I, Leonardi M, Torelli A, Montomoli E, Paolini A, Frosini A, Antinori A, Nicastri E, Girardi E, Plazzi MM, Ippolito G, Vaia F, Della Cioppa G, Rappuoli R. Safety and serum distribution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody MAD0004J08 after intramuscular injection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2263. [PMID: 35477725 PMCID: PMC9046195 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging threat represented by SARS-CoV-2 variants, demands the development of therapies for better clinical management of COVID-19. MAD0004J08 is a potent Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb) able to neutralize in vitro all current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) including the omicron variant even if with significantly reduced potency. Here we evaluated data obtained from the first 30 days of a phase 1 clinical study (EudraCT N.: 2020-005469-15 and ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04932850). The primary endpoint evaluated the percentage of severe adverse events. Secondary endpoints evaluated pharmacokinetic and serum neutralization titers. A single dose administration of MAD0004J08 via intramuscular (i.m.) route is safe and well tolerated, resulting in rapid serum distribution and sera neutralizing titers higher than COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated subjects. A single dose administration of MAD0004J08 is also sufficient to effectively neutralize major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (alpha, beta, gamma and delta). MAD0004J08 can be a major advancement in the prophylaxis and clinical management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lanini
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Milleri
- Centro Ricerche Cliniche di Verona, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Andreano
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Ida Paciello
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Inesa Hyseni
- VisMederi S.r.l, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi Research S.r.l, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi S.r.l, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi Research S.r.l, Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Paolini
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
- Toscana Life Sciences Sviluppo, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Antinori
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vaia
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rino Rappuoli
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery (MAD) Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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164
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Lotz C, Herrmann J, Hübsch ME, Notz Q, Meybohm P. [Measurement of Anti-SARS CoV-2 Antibodies following Vaccination: Valuable Monitoring or Irrelevant Tool?]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2022; 57:302-306. [PMID: 35451036 DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides effective protection against infection or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Moreover, it is regarded as the single most important measure to end the pandemic. Individual vaccination effectiveness is often judged via measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, considering the complexity of the humoral and cellular immune response the question arises whether the relation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is a myth or a fact? The current article aims to answer this question and provide a short review of the immunological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Recommendations for clinical practice are given based on the current evidence and known problems of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurements after vaccination.
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165
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Gallinaro A, Pirillo MF, Aldon Y, Cecchetti S, Michelini Z, Tinari A, Borghi M, Canitano A, McKay PF, Bona R, Vescio MF, Grasso F, Blasi M, Baroncelli S, Scarlatti G, LaBranche C, Montefiori D, Klotman ME, Sanders RW, Shattock RJ, Negri D, Cara A. Persistent immunogenicity of integrase defective lentiviral vectors delivering membrane-tethered native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:44. [PMID: 35449174 PMCID: PMC9023570 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrase Defective Lentiviral Vectors (IDLVs) represent an attractive vaccine platform for delivering HIV-1 antigens, given their ability to induce specific and persistent immune responses in both mice and non-human primates (NHPs). Recent advances in HIV-1 immunogen design demonstrated that native-like HIV-1 Envelope (Env) trimers that mimic the structure of virion-associated Env induce neutralization breadth in rabbits and macaques. Here, we describe the development of an IDLV-based HIV-1 vaccine expressing either soluble ConSOSL.UFO.664 or membrane-tethered ConSOSL.UFO.750 native-like Env immunogens with enhanced bNAb epitopes exposure. We show that IDLV can be pseudotyped with properly folded membrane-tethered native-like UFO.750 trimers. After a single IDLV injection in BALB/c mice, IDLV-UFO.750 induced a faster humoral kinetic as well as higher levels of anti-Env IgG compared to IDLV-UFO.664. IDLV-UFO.750 vaccinated cynomolgus macaques developed unusually long-lasting anti-Env IgG antibodies, as underlined by their remarkable half-life both after priming and boost with IDLV. After boosting with recombinant ConM SOSIP.v7 protein, two animals developed neutralization activity against the autologous tier 1B ConS virus mediated by V1/V2 and V3 glycan sites responses. By combining the possibility to display stabilized trimeric Env on the vector particles with the ability to induce sustained humoral responses, IDLVs represent an appropriate strategy for delivering rationally designed antigens to progress towards an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoann Aldon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Confocal Microscopy Unit NMR, Confocal Microscopy Area Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Zuleika Michelini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinari
- Center for Gender Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Borghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Canitano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Roberta Bona
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Felicia Grasso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Blasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Silvia Baroncelli
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary E Klotman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue,, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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166
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Lee B, Ko JH, Park J, Moon HW, Baek JY, Jung S, Lim HY, Kim KC, Huh K, Cho SY, Kang CI, Chung DR, Huh HJ, Chung CR, Kim YJ, Joo EJ, Kang ES, Peck KR. Estimating the Neutralizing Effect and Titer Correlation of Semi-Quantitative Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Immunoassays. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:822599. [PMID: 35493733 PMCID: PMC9046723 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.822599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the clinical application of semi-quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, the analytical performance and titer correlation of the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) need to be investigated. We evaluated the analytical performance and PRNT titer-correlation of one surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) kit and three chemiluminescent assays. We measured the total antibodies for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, total antibodies for the nucleocapsid protein (NP), and IgG antibodies for the RBD. All three chemiluminescent assays showed high analytical performance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a sensitivity ≥ 98% and specificity ≥ 99%; those of the sVNT were slightly lower. The representativeness of the neutralizing activity of PRNT ND50 ≥ 20 was comparable among the four immunoassays (Cohen’s kappa ≈ 0.80). Quantitative titer correlation for high PRNT titers of ND50 ≥ 50, 200, and 1,000 was investigated with new cut-off values; the anti-RBD IgG antibody kit showed the best performance. It also showed the best linear correlation with PRNT titer in both the acute and convalescent phases (Pearson’s R 0.81 and 0.72, respectively). Due to the slowly waning titer of anti-NP antibodies, the correlation with PRNT titer at the convalescent phase was poor. In conclusion, semi-quantitative immunoassay kits targeting the RBD showed neutralizing activity that was correlated by titer; measurement of anti-NP antibodies would be useful for determining past infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomki Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiho Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Won Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Yang Baek
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Division of Emerging Virus and Vector Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Young Lim
- Division of Emerging Virus and Vector Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Kim
- Division of Emerging Virus and Vector Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-In Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi Ryang Chung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun-Jeong Joo, ; Eun-Suk Kang, ; Kyong Ran Peck,
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun-Jeong Joo, ; Eun-Suk Kang, ; Kyong Ran Peck,
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Eun-Jeong Joo, ; Eun-Suk Kang, ; Kyong Ran Peck,
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167
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Conzentino MS, Gonçalves ACA, Paula NM, Rego FGM, Zanette DL, Aoki MN, Nardin JM, Huergo LF. A magnetic bead immunoassay to detect high affinity human IgG reactive to SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 RBD produced in Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1263-1269. [PMID: 35426068 PMCID: PMC9009495 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) antigen seroconversion in humans are important tools to monitor the levels of protecting antibodies in the population in response to infection and/or immunization. Here we describe a simple, low cost, and high throughput Ni2+ magnetic bead immunoassay to detect human IgG reactive to Spike S1 RBD Receptor Binding Domain produced in Escherichia coli. A 6xHis-tagged Spike S1 RBD was expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The protein was mobilized on the surface of Ni2+ magnetic beads and used to investigate the presence of reactive IgG in the serum obtained from pre-pandemic and COVID-19 confirmed cases. The method was validated with a cohort of 290 samples and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 was obtained. The method was operated with > 82% sensitivity at 98% specificity and was also able to track human IgG raised in response to vaccination with Comirnaty at > 85% sensitivity. The IgG signal obtained with the described method was well-correlated with the signal obtained when pre fusion Spike produced in HEK cell lines was used as antigen. This novel low-cost and high throughput immunoassay may act as an important tool to investigate protecting IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo S Conzentino
- Setor Litoral, UFPR Matinhos, Rua Jaguariaíva, Tv. Caiobá, 512, Matinhos, 83260-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana C A Gonçalves
- Setor Litoral, UFPR Matinhos, Rua Jaguariaíva, Tv. Caiobá, 512, Matinhos, 83260-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Nigella M Paula
- Setor Litoral, UFPR Matinhos, Rua Jaguariaíva, Tv. Caiobá, 512, Matinhos, 83260-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiane G M Rego
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus N Aoki
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - FioCruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Fernandes Huergo
- Setor Litoral, UFPR Matinhos, Rua Jaguariaíva, Tv. Caiobá, 512, Matinhos, 83260-000, PR, Brazil.
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168
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Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccinations in Hematological Patients: 6-Month Follow-Up and Evaluation of a 3rd Vaccination. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081962. [PMID: 35454867 PMCID: PMC9032993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and T-cell responses after two coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations over a six-month period in patients with hematological malignancies and assessed the effect of a third vaccination in a subgroup. Sixty-six patients and 66 healthy controls were included. After two vaccinations seroconversion was seen in 52% and a T-cell-specific response in 59% of patients compared with 100% in controls (p = 0.001). Risk factors for a poor serological response were age (<65a), history of anti-CD20 therapy within the year preceding vaccination, CD19+ B-cells < 110/µL, and CD4+ T-cells > 310/µL. The magnitude of T-cell response was higher in patients <65a and with CD19+ B-cells < 110/µL. Patients and healthy controls demonstrated a significant decrease in SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels over the period of six months (p < 0.001). A third vaccination demonstrated a strong serological response in patients who had responded to the previous doses (p < 0.001). The third vaccination yielded seroconversion in three out of 19 patients in those without serological response. We conclude that both humoral and cellular responses after SARS-CoV-2 immunization are impaired in patients with hematological malignancies. A third vaccination enhanced B-cell response in patients who previously responded to the second vaccination but may be of limited benefit in patients without prior seroconversion.
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169
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Soraci L, Lattanzio F, Soraci G, Gambuzza ME, Pulvirenti C, Cozza A, Corsonello A, Luciani F, Rezza G. COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:608. [PMID: 35455357 PMCID: PMC9025326 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective but not able to keep the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic completely under control. Alternative R&D strategies are required to induce a long-lasting immunological response and to reduce adverse events as well as to favor rapid development and large-scale production. Several technological platforms have been used to develop COVID-19 vaccines, including inactivated viruses, recombinant proteins, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and virus-like particles. In general, mRNA vaccines, protein-based vaccines, and vectored vaccines have shown a high level of protection against COVID-19. However, the mutation-prone nature of the spike (S) protein affects long-lasting vaccine protection and its effectiveness, and vaccinated people can become infected with new variants, also showing high virus levels. In addition, adverse effects may occur, some of them related to the interaction of the S protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Thus, there are some concerns that need to be addressed and challenges regarding logistic problems, such as strict storage at low temperatures for some vaccines. In this review, we discuss the limits of vaccines developed against COVID-19 and possible innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Soraci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Scientific Direction, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giulia Soraci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maria Elsa Gambuzza
- Territorial Office of Messina, Italian Ministry of Health, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Cozza
- Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Filippo Luciani
- Infectious Diseases Unit of Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- Health Prevention Directorate, Italian Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy;
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170
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Boekel L, Hooijberg F, Vogelzang EH, Besten YR, Leeuw M, Atiqi S, van Vollenhoven RF, Wijbrandts CA, Gerritsen M, Krieckaert C, Dijkshoorn B, Bakhlakh S, Crooijmans JJ, Voskuyl A, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Lems W, Kuijpers TW, van Ham SM, Wieske L, Eftimov F, Kummer LY, van Dam PK, Stalman EW, Steenhuis M, Keijzer S, Cristianawati O, Keijser J, Loeff FC, Tas SW, Nurmohamed MT, Boers M, Rispens T, Wolbink G. Antibody development and disease severity of COVID-19 in non-immunised patients with rheumatic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: data from a prospective cohort study. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2021-002035. [PMID: 35383121 PMCID: PMC8983412 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research on the disease severity of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) has been inconclusive, and long-term prospective data on the development of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in these patients are lacking. Methods Adult patients with rheumatic IMIDs from the Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam were invited to participate. All patients were asked to recruit their own sex-matched and age-matched control subject. Clinical data were collected via online questionnaires (at baseline, and after 1–4 and 5–9 months of follow-up). Serum samples were collected twice and analysed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Subsequently, IgG titres were quantified in samples with a positive test result. Findings In total, 3080 consecutive patients and 1102 controls with comparable age and sex distribution were included for analyses. Patients were more frequently hospitalised compared with controls when infected with SARS-CoV-2; 7% vs 0.7% (adjusted OR: 7.33, 95% CI: 0.96 to 55.77). Only treatment with B-cell targeting therapy was independently associated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related hospitalisation (adjusted OR: 14.62, 95% CI: 2.31 to 92.39). IgG antibody titres were higher in hospitalised compared with non-hospitalised patients, and slowly declined with time in similar patterns for patients in all treatment subgroups and controls. Interpretation We observed that patients with rheumatic IMIDs, especially those treated with B-cell targeting therapy, were more likely to be hospitalised when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological DMARDs other than B-cell targeting agents is unlikely to have negative effects on the development of long-lasting humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boekel
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hooijberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Vogelzang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yaëlle R Besten
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen Leeuw
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sadaf Atiqi
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald F van Vollenhoven
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla A Wijbrandts
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gerritsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Krieckaert
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Dijkshoorn
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siham Bakhlakh
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette J Crooijmans
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Voskuyl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene E van der Horst-Bruinsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Y Kummer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pj Koos van Dam
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eileen W Stalman
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Keijzer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olvi Cristianawati
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Keijser
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris C Loeff
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Nurmohamed
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Boers
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Wolbink
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, location Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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171
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De Vito D, Di Ciaula A, Palmieri VO, Trerotoli P, Larocca AMV, Montagna MT, Portincasa P. Reduced COVID-19 mortality linked with early antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of age. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 98:77-82. [PMID: 35177308 PMCID: PMC8841161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has generated a million deaths worldwide. The efficiency of the immune system can modulate individual vulnerability with variable outcomes. However, the relationships between disease severity and the titer of antibodies produced against SARS-CoV-2 in non-vaccinated, recently infected subjects need to be fully elucidated. METHODS A total of 99 patients admitted to a COVID-unit underwent clinical assessment and measurement of serum levels of anti-spike protein (S1) IgM, and anti-nucleocapsid protein IgG. Patients were stratified according to the clinical outcome (i.e., discharged at home or in-hospital death). RESULTS Following hospitalization, 18 died during the hospital stay. They were older, had lymphopenia, a higher co-morbidity rate, and longer hospital stay than 81 patients who were discharged after healing. Patients in this latter group had, at hospital admittance, 7.9-fold higher serum concentration of IgM, and 2.4-fold higher IgG levels. Multivariate Cox regression models indicated age and anti-nucleocapsid protein IgG concentration at admission as independently associated with the risk of in-hospital death. CONCLUSIONS An efficient immunological response during the early phase of COVID-19 protects from mortality, irrespective of age. Advanced age is a critical risk factor for poor outcome in infected subjects. Further studies must explore potential therapeutic strategies able to restore a valid functional humoral immunity in elderly patients with poor antibody response during the early stage of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, Medical School, University of Bari Aldo Moro.
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo O Palmieri
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Section of Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Vittoria Larocca
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Montagna
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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172
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Dispinseri S, Marzinotto I, Brigatti C, Pirillo MF, Tolazzi M, Bazzigaluppi E, Canitano A, Borghi M, Gallinaro A, Caccia R, Vercesi R, McKay PF, Ciceri F, Piemonti L, Negri D, Cinque P, Cara A, Scarlatti G, Lampasona V. Seasonal Betacoronavirus Antibodies' Expansion Post-BNT161b2 Vaccination Associates with Reduced SARS-CoV-2 VoC Neutralization. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:448-458. [PMID: 35000058 PMCID: PMC8742681 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is known to induce antibodies that recognize also variants of concerns (VoCs) of the virus. However, epidemiological and laboratory evidences indicate that these antibodies have a reduced neutralization ability against VoCs. We studied binding and neutralizing antibodies against the Spike protein domains and subunits of the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus and its alpha, beta, delta VoCs and of seasonal betacoronaviruses (HKU1 and OC43) in a cohort of 31 health care workers prospectively followed post-vaccination with BNT162b2-Comirnaty. The study of sequential samples collected up to 64 days post-vaccination showed that serological assays measuring IgG against Wuhan-Hu-1 antigens were a poor proxy for VoC neutralization. In addition, in subjects who had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 prior to vaccination, the loss of nAbs following disease could be rapid and accompanied by post-vaccination antibody levels similar to those of naïve vaccinees. Interestingly, in health care workers naïve for SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination induced a rapid and transient reactivation of pre-existing seasonal coronaviruses IgG responses that was associated with a subsequent reduced ability to neutralize alpha and beta VoCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dispinseri
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marzinotto
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Brigatti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Franca Pirillo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Tolazzi
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bazzigaluppi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Canitano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Borghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gallinaro
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Caccia
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vercesi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cinque
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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173
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Gao J, Wang C, Chu Y, Han Y, Gao Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Liu H, Han L, Zhang Y. Graphene oxide-graphene Van der Waals heterostructure transistor biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 protein detection. Talanta 2022; 240:123197. [PMID: 34996016 PMCID: PMC8719368 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current outbreaking of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic threatens global health and has caused serious concern. Currently there is no specific drug against SARS-CoV-2, therefore, a fast and accurate diagnosis method is an urgent need for the diagnosis, timely treatment and infection control of COVID-19 pandemic. In this work, we developed a field effect transistor (FET) biosensor based on graphene oxide-graphene (GO/Gr) van der Waals heterostructure for selective and ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 proteins detection. The GO/Gr van der Waals heterostructure was in-situ formed in the microfluidic channel through π-π stacking. The developed biosensor is capable of SARS-CoV-2 proteins detection within 20 min in the large dynamic range from 10 fg/mL to 100 pg/mL with the limit of detection of as low as ∼8 fg/mL, which shows ∼3 × sensitivity enhancement compared with Gr-FET biosensor. The performance enhancement mechanism was studied based on the transistor-based biosensing theory and experimental results, which is mainly attributed to the enhanced SARS-CoV-2 capture antibody immobilization density due to the introduction of the GO layer on the graphene surface. The spiked SARS-CoV-2 protein samples in throat swab buffer solution were tested to confirm the practical application of the biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 proteins detection. The results indicated that the developed GO/Gr van der Waals heterostructure FET biosensor has strong selectivity and high sensitivity, providing a potential method for SARS-CoV-2 fast and accurate detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Gao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yujin Chu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yingkuan Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yakun Gao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yanhao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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174
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Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071182. [PMID: 35406746 PMCID: PMC8997755 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause for the ongoing global public health emergency. It is more commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the pandemic threat continues to spread aroundthe world with the fluctuating emergence of its new variants. The severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has led to a high human mortality rate and disruption of socioeconomic well-being. For the restoration of pre-pandemic normalcy, the international scientific community has been conducting research on a war footing to limit extremely pathogenic COVID-19 through diagnosis, treatment, and immunization. Since the first report of COVID-19 viral infection, an array of laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) approaches have emerged for diagnosing and understanding its status of outbreak. The RT-PCR-based viral nucleic acid test (NAT) is one of the rapidly developed and most used COVID-19 detection approaches. Notably, the current forbidding status of COVID-19 requires the development of safe, targeted vaccines/vaccine injections (shots) that can reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Massive and accelerated vaccination campaigns would be the most effective and ultimate hope to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak, emerging biotechnologies and their multidisciplinary approaches have accelerated the understanding of molecular details as well as the development of a wide range of diagnostics and potential vaccine candidates, which are indispensable to combating the highly contagious COVID-19. Several vaccine candidates have completed phase III clinical studies and are reported to be effective in immunizing against COVID-19 after their rollout via emergency use authorization (EUA). However, optimizing the type of vaccine candidates and its route of delivery that works best to control viral spread is crucial to face the threatening variants expected to emerge over time. In conclusion, the insights of this review would facilitate the development of more likely diagnostics and ideal vaccines for the global control of COVID-19.
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175
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Kageyama T, Tanaka S, Etori K, Hattori K, Miyachi K, Kasuya T, Iwamoto T, Ikeda K, Igari H, Yokote K, Nakajima H. Immunological features that associate with the strength of antibody responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine 2022; 40:2129-2133. [PMID: 35241300 PMCID: PMC8872843 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Predictive clinical factors associated with favorable responses to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in some studies; however, there is a subgroup with low antibodytiters without well-known clinical factors reducing antibody responses. To clarify the immunological backgrounds that underlie the difference in antibody responses, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of each 20 individuals with a high anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer and a low antibody titer out of 1774 healthcare workers who received BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. A higher percentage of B cells before vaccination was associated with a higher antibody titer. Among B cells, naïve and transitional B cell frequencies were positively correlated with a higher antibody titer, whereas the frequencies of late memory B cells and plasmablasts were associated with a lower antibody titer. Fold change in the frequency of activated CD8+ T cells upon vaccination was also correlated with high antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kageyama
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keishi Etori
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koto Hattori
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazusa Miyachi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Kasuya
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taro Iwamoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Ikeda
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Igari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Chiba University Hospital COVID-19 Vaccine Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Chiba University Hospital COVID-19 Vaccine Center, Chiba, Japan.
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176
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Chen L, Pang P, Qi H, Yan K, Ren Y, Ma M, Cao R, Li H, Hu C, Li Y, Xia J, Lai D, Dong Y, Jiang H, Zhang H, Shan H, Tao S, Liu S. Evaluation of Spike Protein Epitopes by Assessing the Dynamics of Humoral Immune Responses in Moderate COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:770982. [PMID: 35371042 PMCID: PMC8971992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.770982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 is a major target for diagnosis and vaccine development because of its essential role in viral infection and host immunity. Currently, time-dependent responses of humoral immune system against various S protein epitopes are poorly understood. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), peptide microarray, and antibody binding epitope mapping (AbMap) techniques were used to systematically analyze the dynamic changes of humoral immune responses against the S protein in a small cohort of moderate COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized for approximately two months after symptom onset. Recombinant truncated S proteins, target S peptides, and random peptides were used as antigens in the analyses. The assays demonstrated the dynamic IgM- and IgG recognition and reactivity against various S protein epitopes with patient-dependent patterns. Comprehensive analysis of epitope distribution along the spike gene sequence and spatial structure of the homotrimer S protein demonstrated that most IgM- and IgG-reactive peptides were clustered into similar genomic regions and were located at accessible domains. Seven S peptides were generally recognized by IgG antibodies derived from serum samples of all COVID-19 patients. The dynamic immune recognition signals from these seven S peptides were comparable to those of the entire S protein or truncated S1 protein. This suggested that the humoral immune system recognized few conserved S protein epitopes in most COVID-19 patients during the entire duration of humoral immune response after symptom onset. Furthermore, in this cohort, individual patients demonstrated stable immune recognition to certain S protein epitopes throughout their hospitalization period. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of humoral immune responses to S protein have provided valuable information for accurate diagnosis and immunotherapy of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huan Qi
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keqiang Yan
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingliang Ma
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyin Cao
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuansheng Hu
- State Key laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xia
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danyun Lai
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Dong
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hewei Jiang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Siqi Liu, ; Shengce Tao, ; Hong Shan,
| | - Shengce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Siqi Liu, ; Shengce Tao, ; Hong Shan,
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Proteomics, Beijing Genomics Institution, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Siqi Liu, ; Shengce Tao, ; Hong Shan,
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177
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Costa C, Migliore E, Galassi C, Scozzari G, Ciccone G, Coggiola M, Pira E, Scarmozzino A, La Valle G, Cassoni P, Cavallo R. Factors Influencing Level and Persistence of Anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG after BNT162b2 Vaccine: Evidence from a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030474. [PMID: 35335105 PMCID: PMC8955419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed at evaluating quantitative IgG response to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers (HCW), and exploring the role of demographic, clinical, and occupational factors as predictors of IgG levels. On May 2021, among 6687 HCW at the largest tertiary care University-Hospital of Northwestern Italy, at a median of 15 weeks (Interquartile range-IQR 13.6−16.0) after second-dose, serological response was present in 99.8%. Seropositivity was >97% in all the subgroups, except those self-reporting immunodeficiency (94.9%). Overall, the median serological IgG value was 990 BAU/mL (IQR 551−1870), with most of subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or with shorter time lapse (2−8 weeks) between vaccination and serology with values in the highest quintile (>2080). At multivariable analysis, significant predictors of lower values were increasing age, male, current smoking, immunodeficiency, recent occupational contacts, and increasing time lapse from vaccination; conversely, previous infection and recent household contacts were significantly associated with higher IgG levels. Subjects with previous infection kept a very high level (around 2000 BAU/mL) up to 120 days. These results, besides supporting a high serological response up to 4−5 months, suggest predictive factors of faster decay of IgG levels that could be useful in tailoring vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(11)-6335953
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Gitana Scozzari
- Hospital Medical Direction, Ospedale Molinette, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Giovannino Ciccone
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino and CPO Piemonte, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (C.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Maurizio Coggiola
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrico Pira
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonio Scarmozzino
- Hospital Medical Direction, Ospedale Molinette, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Giovanni La Valle
- Hospital Medical Direction, Ospedale Molinette, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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178
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Jotschke S, Schulze S, Jaekel N, Ludwig-Kraus B, Engelmann R, Kraus FB, Zahn C, Nedlitz N, Prange-Krex G, Mohm J, Peuser B, Schwarz M, Spohn C, Behlendorf T, Binder M, Junghanss C, Böttcher S, Al-Ali HK. Longitudinal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms Compared to a Reference Cohort: Results of a Prospective Trial of the East German Study Group for Hematology and Oncology (OSHO). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061544. [PMID: 35326695 PMCID: PMC8946280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess humoral responses longitudinally and cellular immunogenicity following SARS-CoV-2-vaccination in patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies receiving checkpoint-inhibitors. Methods: This prospective multicenter trial of the East-German-Study-Group-for-Hematology-and-Oncology, enrolled 398 adults in a two (patients; n = 262) to one (controls; n = 136) ratio. Pre-vaccination, day 35 (d35), and day 120 (d120) blood samples were analyzed for anti-spike antibodies and d120 IL-2+IFNγ+TNFα+-CD4+- and CD8+-cells. Laboratories were blinded for patients and controls. Results: Patients belonged to the myeloid (n = 131), lymphoid (n = 104), and checkpoint-inhibitor (n = 17) cohorts. While d35 seroconversion was higher in controls (98%) compared to patients (68%) (p < 0.001), d120 seroconversion improved across all patient cohorts [checkpoint-inhibitors (81% to 100%), myeloid (82% to 97%), lymphoid (48% to 66%)]. CD4+- and CovCD8+-cells in the lymphoid (71%/31%) and control (74%/42%) cohorts were comparable but fewer in the myeloid cohort (53%, p = 0.003 /24%, p = 0.03). In patients with hematologic malignancies, no correlation between d120 humoral and cellular responses was found. A sizeable fraction of lymphoid patients demonstrated T-cell responses without detectable spike-specific-IgGs. Conclusions: Evidence of vaccine-elicited humoral and/or cellular immunogenicity in most patients is provided. Both humoral and cellular responses are crucial to determine which patients will generate/maintain immunity. The findings have implications on public health policy regarding recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jotschke
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.J.); (S.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Susann Schulze
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.J.); (S.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Nadja Jaekel
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.J.); (C.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Beatrice Ludwig-Kraus
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (B.L.-K.); (F.B.K.)
| | - Robby Engelmann
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.E.); (C.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Frank Bernhard Kraus
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (B.L.-K.); (F.B.K.)
| | - Christina Zahn
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.J.); (C.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicole Nedlitz
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.J.); (S.S.); (N.N.)
| | | | - Johannes Mohm
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Mohm/Prange-Krex, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.P.-K.); (J.M.)
| | - Bettina Peuser
- Internistisch-Onkologische Ärztegemeinschaft, 04179 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Maik Schwarz
- Paracelsus Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Schwerpunktpraxis für Hämatologie und Onkologie, 08261 Schoeneck, Germany;
| | - Claudia Spohn
- Hämatologisch-Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Timo Behlendorf
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Gastroenterologie, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Mascha Binder
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.J.); (C.Z.); (M.B.)
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.E.); (C.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian Böttcher
- Clinic III—Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.E.); (C.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.J.); (S.S.); (N.N.)
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.J.); (C.Z.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-5657-7712
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179
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Rapsinski GJ, Freeman MC, Haidar G, Belle SH, Hasskamp JH, Wheeler SE. Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during mitigation procedures in Southwestern Pennsylvania. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 1:100026. [PMID: 35262012 PMCID: PMC8186957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2021.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are often asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms, leading to underestimation of disease prevalence in symptom-based testing strategies. Objectives This study sought to determine pediatric SARS-CoV-2 disease burden during local mitigation efforts by using antibody testing to compare seroprevalence estimates to cumulative PCR prevalence estimates. Study design In this cross-sectional study, we collected 1142 strict phase and 1196 relaxed phase remnant blood specimens from patients less than 19-years-old in southwestern Pennsylvania (SWPA). Patients were excluded if their residential zip code was outside the region of interest, if they were under 6-months-old, or they had recently received antibody-modifying treatments. Demographic, encounter, and laboratory electronic medical record information was extracted. Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG using an EUA ELISA, and PCR results were recorded from county health department data. Seroprevalence and Clopper-Pearson exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results The observed seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in children during strictest mitigation was 0.53% (95% CI 0.19, 1.14) and 0.92% (95% CI 0.46,1.64) during moderately relaxed. Strict and relaxed phase PCR-based prevalence were significantly higher, 2.87% (95% CI 1.95, 4.08) and 3.64 (95% CI 3.01, 4.38), respectively. Conclusions Estimates of pediatric seroprevalence were significantly lower than cumulative PCR prevalence estimates, and less than adult seroprevalence estimates, potentially due to biological, population, or sampling differences. Biological differences in pediatric immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 may make serosurvey interpretation challenging and these differences warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J Rapsinski
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Megan Culler Freeman
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Ghady Haidar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Steven H Belle
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Joanne H Hasskamp
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, UPMC Department of Pathology Divisions of Clinical Immunopathology and Clinical Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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180
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Chakraborty S, Gonzalez JC, Sievers BL, Mallajosyula V, Chakraborty S, Dubey M, Ashraf U, Cheng BYL, Kathale N, Tran KQT, Scallan C, Sinnott A, Cassidy A, Chen ST, Gelbart T, Gao F, Golan Y, Ji X, Kim-Schulze S, Prahl M, Gaw SL, Gnjatic S, Marron TU, Merad M, Arunachalam PS, Boyd SD, Davis MM, Holubar M, Khosla C, Maecker HT, Maldonado Y, Mellins ED, Nadeau KC, Pulendran B, Singh U, Subramanian A, Utz PJ, Sherwood R, Zhang S, Jagannathan P, Tan GS, Wang TT. Early non-neutralizing, afucosylated antibody responses are associated with COVID-19 severity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm7853. [PMID: 35040666 PMCID: PMC8939764 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A damaging inflammatory response is implicated in the pathogenesis of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but mechanisms contributing to this response are unclear. In two prospective cohorts, early non-neutralizing, afucosylated immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were associated with progression from mild to more severe COVID-19. To study the biology of afucosylated IgG immune complexes, we developed an in vivo model that revealed that human IgG-Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) interactions could regulate inflammation in the lung. Afucosylated IgG immune complexes isolated from patients with COVID-19 induced inflammatory cytokine production and robust infiltration of the lung by immune cells. In contrast to the antibody structures that were associated with disease progression, antibodies that were elicited by messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were highly fucosylated and enriched in sialylation, both modifications that reduce the inflammatory potential of IgG. Vaccine-elicited IgG did not promote an inflammatory lung response. These results show that human IgG-FcγR interactions regulate inflammation in the lung and define distinct lung activities mediated by the IgG that are associated with protection against, or progression to, severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saborni Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Joseph C. Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Srijoni Chakraborty
- Department of Computer and Software Engineering, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Megha Dubey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Usama Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bowie Yik-Ling Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Nimish Kathale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Kim Quyen Thi Tran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Courtney Scallan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | | | - Arianna Cassidy
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Steven T. Chen
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
| | | | - Fei Gao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yarden Golan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
| | - Mary Prahl
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Gaw
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
| | - Thomas U. Marron
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
| | - Prabhu S. Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Scott D. Boyd
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marisa Holubar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yvonne Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Mellins
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Upinder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aruna Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Robert Sherwood
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gene S. Tan
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Taia T. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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181
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Vo HTM, Maestri A, Auerswald H, Sorn S, Lay S, Seng H, Sann S, Ya N, Pean P, Dussart P, Schwartz O, Ly S, Bruel T, Ly S, Duong V, Karlsson EA, Cantaert T. Robust and Functional Immune Memory Up to 9 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Southeast Asian Longitudinal Cohort. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817905. [PMID: 35185909 PMCID: PMC8853741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The duration of humoral and cellular immune memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations in least developed countries remains understudied but is key to overcome the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Sixty-four Cambodian individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection with asymptomatic or mild/moderate clinical presentation were evaluated for Spike (S)-binding and neutralizing antibodies and antibody effector functions during acute phase of infection and at 6-9 months follow-up. Antigen-specific B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized, and T cells were interrogated for functionality at late convalescence. Anti-S antibody titers decreased over time, but effector functions mediated by S-specific antibodies remained stable. S- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific B cells could be detected in late convalescence in the activated memory B cell compartment and are mostly IgG+. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune memory was maintained to S and membrane (M) protein. Asymptomatic infection resulted in decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells at late convalescence. Whereas anti-S antibodies correlated with S-specific B cells, there was no correlation between T cell response and humoral immune memory. Hence, all aspects of a protective immune response are maintained up to nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the absence of re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thi My Vo
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Alvino Maestri
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sopheak Sorn
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokchea Lay
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Heng Seng
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health (CDC-MoH), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nisa Ya
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Polidy Pean
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Sovann Ly
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health (CDC-MoH), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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182
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Sharma D, Rawat P, Janakiraman V, Gromiha MM. Elucidating important structural features for the binding affinity of spike - SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody complexes. Proteins 2022; 90:824-834. [PMID: 34761442 PMCID: PMC8661754 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the lives of millions of people around the world. In an effort to develop therapeutic interventions and control the pandemic, scientists have isolated several neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from the vaccinated and convalescent individuals. These antibodies can be explored further to understand SARS-CoV-2 specific antigen-antibody interactions and biophysical parameters related to binding affinity, which can be utilized to engineer more potent antibodies for current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. In the present study, we have analyzed the interface between spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and neutralizing antibodies in terms of amino acid residue propensity, pair preference, and atomic interaction energy. We observed that Tyr residues containing contacts are highly preferred and energetically favorable at the interface of spike protein-antibody complexes. We have also developed a regression model to relate the experimental binding affinity for antibodies using structural features, which showed a correlation of 0.93. Moreover, several mutations at the spike protein-antibody interface were identified, which may lead to immune escape (epitope residues) and improved affinity (paratope residues) in current/emerging variants. Overall, the work provides insights into spike protein-antibody interactions, structural parameters related to binding affinity and mutational effects on binding affinity change, which can be helpful to develop better therapeutics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BiosciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia
| | - Puneet Rawat
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BiosciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia
| | - Vani Janakiraman
- Infection Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BiosciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BiosciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia
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183
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Sarzani R, Spannella F, Giulietti F, Di Pentima C, Giordano P, Giacometti A. Possible harm from glucocorticoid drugs misuse in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review of the evidence. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:329-338. [PMID: 34718937 PMCID: PMC8557262 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the publication of the RECOVERY trial, the use of glucocorticoid drugs (GC) has spread for the treatment of severe COVID-19 worldwide. However, the benefit of dexamethasone was largest in patients who received mechanical ventilation or supplemental oxygen therapy, while no benefit was found among patients without hypoxemia. In addition, a positive outcome was found in patients who received dexamethasone after several days of symptoms, while possible harm could exist if administered early. The right time interval for GC administration is still a matter of debate. Previous studies showed that an early GC use during the first phase of the disease, when viral replication peaks, may negatively affect the innate immune response through several mechanisms, such as the inhibition of pro-inflammatory and antiviral cytokine production and signaling pathway, including type I interferon, that is fundamental to counteract the virus and that was found to be impaired in several patients with life-threatening COVID-19. The GC misuse can lead to a more severe disease even in patients who do not have the established risk factors, such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. In our focused review, we describe the role of immune response in viral infections, especially SARS-CoV-2, and discuss the potential harms of GC misuse in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sarzani
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Italian National Research Centre on Aging, Hospital "U. Sestilli", IRCCS INRCA, via della Montagnola n. 81, 60127, Ancona, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica Delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/a, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesco Spannella
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Italian National Research Centre on Aging, Hospital "U. Sestilli", IRCCS INRCA, via della Montagnola n. 81, 60127, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica Delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Giulietti
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Italian National Research Centre on Aging, Hospital "U. Sestilli", IRCCS INRCA, via della Montagnola n. 81, 60127, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica Delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pentima
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Italian National Research Centre on Aging, Hospital "U. Sestilli", IRCCS INRCA, via della Montagnola n. 81, 60127, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica Delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/a, Ancona, Italy
| | - Piero Giordano
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Italian National Research Centre on Aging, Hospital "U. Sestilli", IRCCS INRCA, via della Montagnola n. 81, 60127, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Clinic, University "Politecnica Delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/a, Ancona, Italy
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184
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Peluso MJ, Donatelli J, Henrich TJ. Long-term immunologic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: leveraging translational research methodology to address emerging questions. Transl Res 2022; 241:1-12. [PMID: 34780969 PMCID: PMC8588584 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The current era of COVID-19 is characterized by emerging variants of concern, waning vaccine- and natural infection-induced immunity, debate over the timing and necessity of vaccine boosting, and the emergence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result, there is an ongoing need for research to promote understanding of the immunology of both natural infection and prevention, especially as SARS-CoV-2 immunology is a rapidly changing field, with new questions arising as the pandemic continues to grow in complexity. The next phase of COVID-19 immunology research will need focus on clearer characterization of the immune processes defining acute illness, development of a better understanding of the immunologic processes driving protracted symptoms and prolonged recovery (ie, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection), and a growing focus on the impact of therapeutic and prophylactic interventions on the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we address what is known about the long-term immune consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose how experience studying the translational immunology of other infections might inform the approach to some of the key questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna Donatelli
- Division Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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185
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Smetanova J, Strizova Z, Sediva A, Milota T, Horvath R. Humoral and cellular immune responses to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with axial spondyloarthritis treated with adalimumab or secukinumab. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2022; 4:e163-e166. [PMID: 34957418 PMCID: PMC8691856 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Smetanova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, 15006, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, 15006, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, 15006, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Milota
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, 15006, Czech Republic,Department of Paediatric and Adult Rheumatology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Horvath
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, 15006, Czech Republic,Department of Paediatric and Adult Rheumatology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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186
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Wachter F, Regensburger AP, Antonia Sophia Peter, Knieling F, Wagner AL, Simon D, Hoerning A, Woelfle J, Überla K, Neubert A, Rauh M. Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children using residual blood samples from routine clinical chemistry. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:941-951. [PMID: 35218170 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children is still challenging, but essential for appropriate political decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether residual blood samples can be used for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitoring in pediatrics. METHODS In this repeated cross-sectional cohort study, anonymous residual blood samples from pediatric patients aged 0-17 years were collected in three time-periods (Oct.-Nov. 2020, April 2021, and June-July 2021) and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (anti-S) and nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibodies using commercial antibody assays. 28 reactive samples were used to compare antibody levels with a pseudotyped neutralization assay. The results were further compared to the official national COVID-19 surveillance data to calculate the number of unreported cases. RESULTS In total, n=2,626 individual blood samples were analyzed. In this unvaccinated pediatric cohort anti-S and anti-N antibody seroprevalence increased over the three time periods (anti-S: 1.38-9.16%, and 14.59%; anti-N: 1.26%, to 6.19%, and 8.56%). Compared to the national surveillance data this leads to a 3.93-5.66-fold increase in the number of unreported cases. However, a correlation between the cumulative incidence of the individual provinces and our assigned data was found (r=0.74, p=0.0151). In addition, reactive samples with anti-S and anti-N and samples with only anti-S showed neutralization capabilities (11/14 and 8/14, respectively). Anti-S levels were not significantly different between age groups and sexes (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that residual blood samples from routine laboratory chemistry could be included in the estimation of the total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wachter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian P Regensburger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Sophia Peter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra L Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antje Neubert
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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187
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Hamm SR, Møller DL, Pérez-Alós L, Hansen CB, Pries-Heje MM, Heftdal LD, Hasselbalch RB, Fogh K, Madsen JR, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Knudsen AD, Poulsen JR, Frikke-Schmidt R, Hilsted LM, Sørensen E, Ostrowski SR, Harboe ZB, Perch M, Sørensen SS, Rasmussen A, Bundgaard H, Garred P, Iversen K, Nielsen SD. Decline in Antibody Concentration 6 Months After Two Doses of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and Healthy Controls. Front Immunol 2022; 13:832501. [PMID: 35281023 PMCID: PMC8905653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have indicated inferior responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We examined the development of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) after two doses of BNT162b2b in SOT recipients 6 months after vaccination and compared to that of immunocompetent controls. Methods We measured anti-RBD IgG after two doses of BNT162b2 in 200 SOT recipients and 200 matched healthy controls up to 6 months after first vaccination. Anti-RBD IgG concentration and neutralizing capacity of antibodies were measured at first and second doses of BNT162b2 and 2 and 6 months after the first dose. T-cell responses were measured 6 months after the first dose. Results In SOT recipients, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-RBD IgG increased from first to second dose (1.14 AU/ml, 95% CI 1.08-1.24 to 11.97 AU/ml, 95% CI 7.73-18.77) and from second dose to 2 months (249.29 AU/ml, 95% CI 153.70-385.19). Six months after the first vaccine, anti-RBD IgG declined (55.85 AU/ml, 95% CI 36.95-83.33). At all time points, anti-RBD IgG was lower in SOT recipients than that in controls. Fewer SOT recipients than controls had a cellular response (13.1% vs. 59.4%, p < 0.001). Risk factors associated with humoral non-response included age [relative risk (RR) 1.23 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.11-1.35, p < 0.001], being within 1 year from transplantation (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30-1.85, p < 0.001), treatment with mycophenolate (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18, p = 0.015), treatment with corticosteroids (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.90, p = 0.009), kidney transplantation (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.25-2.30, p = 0.001), lung transplantation (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.16-2.29, p = 0.005), and de novo non-skin cancer comorbidity (RR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.26-1.82, p < 0.001). Conclusion Immune responses to BNT162b2 are inferior in SOT recipients compared to healthy controls, and studies aiming to determine the clinical impact of inferior vaccine responses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamille Fogh
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Runge Poulsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Maria Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- The Blood Bank, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Blood Bank, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zitta Barrella Harboe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Michael Perch
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Schwartz Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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188
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Longitudinal Study after Sputnik V Vaccination Shows Durable SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Reduced Viral Variant Escape to Neutralization over Time. mBio 2022; 13:e0344221. [PMID: 35073758 PMCID: PMC8787469 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03442-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a temporal increase in the neutralizing antibody potency and breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent individuals. Here, we examined longitudinal antibody responses and viral neutralizing capacity to the B.1 lineage virus (Wuhan related), to variants of concern (VOC; Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta), and to a local variant of interest (VOI; Lambda) in volunteers receiving the Sputnik V vaccine in Argentina. Longitudinal serum samples (N = 536) collected from 118 volunteers obtained between January and October 2021 were used. The analysis indicates that while anti-spike IgG levels significantly wane over time, the neutralizing capacity for the Wuhan-related lineages of SARS-CoV-2 and VOC is maintained within 6 months of vaccination. In addition, an improved antibody cross-neutralizing ability for circulating variants of concern (Beta and Gamma) was observed over time postvaccination. The viral variants that displayed higher escape to neutralizing antibodies with respect to the original virus (Beta and Gamma variants) were the ones showing the largest increase in susceptibility to neutralization over time after vaccination. Our observations indicate that serum neutralizing antibodies are maintained for at least 6 months and show a reduction of VOC escape to neutralizing antibodies over time after vaccination. IMPORTANCE Vaccines have been produced in record time for SARS-CoV-2, offering the possibility of halting the global pandemic. However, inequalities in vaccine accessibility in different regions of the world create a need to increase international cooperation. Sputnik V is a recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine that has been widely used in Argentina and other developing countries, but limited information is available about its elicited immune responses. Here, we examined longitudinal antibody levels and viral neutralizing capacity elicited by Sputnik V vaccination. Using a cohort of 118 volunteers, we found that while anti-spike antibodies wane over time, the neutralizing capacity to viral variants of concern and local variants of interest is maintained within 4 months of vaccination. In addition, we observed an increased cross-neutralization activity over time for the Beta and Gamma variants. This study provides valuable information about the immune response generated by a vaccine platform used in many parts of the world.
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189
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Peterhoff D, Einhauser S, Beileke S, Niller HH, Günther F, Schachtner M, Asbach B, Steininger P, Tenbusch M, Peter AS, Gessner A, Burkhardt R, Heid IM, Wagner R, Überla K. Comparative Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines in a Population-Based Cohort Study with SARS-CoV-2-Infected and Uninfected Participants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:324. [PMID: 35214782 PMCID: PMC8875516 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess vaccine immunogenicity in non-infected and previously infected individuals in a real-world scenario, SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses were determined during follow-up 2 (April 2021) of the population-based Tirschenreuth COVID-19 cohort study comprising 3378 inhabitants of the Tirschenreuth county aged 14 years or older. Seronegative participants vaccinated once with Vaxzevria, Comirnaty, or Spikevax had median neutralizing antibody titers ranging from ID50 = 25 to 75. Individuals with two immunizations with Comirnaty or Spikevax had higher median ID50s (of 253 and 554, respectively). Regression analysis indicated that both increased age and increased time since vaccination independently decreased RBD binding and neutralizing antibody levels. Unvaccinated participants with detectable N-antibodies at baseline (June 2020) revealed a median ID50 of 72 at the April 2021 follow-up. Previously infected participants that received one dose of Vaxzevria or Comirnaty had median ID50 to 929 and 2502, respectively. Individuals with a second dose of Comirnaty given in a three-week interval after the first dose did not have higher median antibody levels than individuals with one dose. Prior infection also primed for high systemic IgA levels in response to one dose of Comirnaty that exceeded IgA levels observed after two doses of Comirnaty in previously uninfected participants. Neutralizing antibody levels targeting the spike protein of Beta and Delta variants were diminished compared to the wild type in vaccinated and infected participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (S.E.); (H.-H.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (S.E.); (H.-H.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Stephanie Beileke
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.B.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Hans-Helmut Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (S.E.); (H.-H.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Felix Günther
- Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 6, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Michael Schachtner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (S.E.); (H.-H.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (S.E.); (H.-H.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.B.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.B.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Antonia S. Peter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.B.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Andre Gessner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (S.E.); (H.-H.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (D.P.); (S.E.); (H.-H.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.B.); (P.S.); (M.T.); (A.S.P.)
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190
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Xu G, Qi F, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang X, Zou R, Yuan J, Liao X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z. The Transient IFN Response and the Delay of Adaptive Immunity Feature the Severity of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816745. [PMID: 35095917 PMCID: PMC8795972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients show heterogeneous and dynamic immune features which determine the clinical outcome. Here, we built a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset for dissecting these complicated immune responses through a longitudinal survey of COVID-19 patients with various categories of outcomes. The data reveals a highly fluctuating peripheral immune landscape in severe COVID-19, whereas the one in asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 is relatively steady. Then, the perturbed immune landscape in peripheral blood returned to normal state in those recovered from severe COVID-19. Importantly, the imbalance of the excessively strong innate immune response and delayed adaptive immunity in the early stage of viral infection accelerates the progression of the disease, indicated by a transient strong IFN response and weak T/B-cell specific response. The proportion of abnormal monocytes appeared early and rose further throughout the severe disease. Our data indicate that a dynamic immune landscape is associated with the progression and recovery of severe COVID-19, and have provided multiple immune biomarkers for early warning of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Furong Qi
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongrong Zou
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuejiao Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-Infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, China
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191
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Plaçais L, Richier Q, Noël N, Lacombe K, Mariette X, Hermine O. Immune interventions in COVID-19: a matter of time? Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:198-210. [PMID: 34711920 PMCID: PMC8552618 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and considering the lack of efficacy of antiviral strategies to this date, and the reactive hyperinflammation leading to tissue lesions and pneumonia, effective treatments targeting the dysregulated immune response are more than ever required. Immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs have been repurposed in severe COVID-19 with contrasting results. The heterogeneity in the timing of treatments administrations could be accountable for these discrepancies. Indeed, many studies included patients at different timepoints of infection, potentially hiding the beneficial effects of a time-adapted intervention. We aim to review the available data on the kinetics of the immune response in beta-coronaviruses infections, from animal models and longitudinal human studies, and propose a four-step model of severe COVID-19 timeline. Then, we discuss the results of the clinical trials of immune interventions with regards to the timing of administration, and finally suggest a time frame in order to delineate the best timepoint for each treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Plaçais
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, GHU Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Centre de recherche en Immunologie des infections virales et des maladies auto-immunes ImVA, UMR Inserm U1184, 94270, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Quentin Richier
- Service de maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Noël
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, GHU Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Centre de recherche en Immunologie des infections virales et des maladies auto-immunes ImVA, UMR Inserm U1184, 94270, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Service de maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm IPLESP, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Necker, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
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192
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Edelman-Klapper H, Zittan E, Bar-Gil Shitrit A, Rabinowitz KM, Goren I, Avni-Biron I, Ollech JE, Lichtenstein L, Banai-Eran H, Yanai H, Snir Y, Pauker MH, Friedenberg A, Levy-Barda A, Segal A, Broitman Y, Maoz E, Ovadia B, Golan MA, Shachar E, Ben-Horin S, Perets TT, Ben Zvi H, Eliakim R, Barkan R, Goren S, Navon M, Krugliak N, Werbner M, Alter J, Dessau M, Gal-Tanamy M, Freund NT, Cohen D, Dotan I. Lower Serologic Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Treated With Anti-TNFα. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:454-467. [PMID: 34717923 PMCID: PMC8552587 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), specifically those treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α biologics, are at high risk for vaccine-preventable infections. Their ability to mount adequate vaccine responses is unclear. The aim of the study was to assess serologic responses to messenger RNA-Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccine, and safety profile, in patients with IBD stratified according to therapy, compared with healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Prospective, controlled, multicenter Israeli study. Subjects enrolled received 2 BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) doses. Anti-spike antibody levels and functional activity, anti-TNFα levels and adverse events (AEs) were detected longitudinally. RESULTS Overall, 258 subjects: 185 IBD (67 treated with anti-TNFα, 118 non-anti-TNFα), and 73 HCs. After the first vaccine dose, all HCs were seropositive, whereas ∼7% of patients with IBD, regardless of treatment, remained seronegative. After the second dose, all subjects were seropositive, however anti-spike levels were significantly lower in anti-TNFα treated compared with non-anti-TNFα treated patients, and HCs (both P < .001). Neutralizing and inhibitory functions were both lower in anti-TNFα treated compared with non-anti-TNFα treated patients, and HCs (P < .03; P < .0001, respectively). Anti-TNFα drug levels and vaccine responses did not affect anti-spike levels. Infection rate (∼2%) and AEs were comparable in all groups. IBD activity was unaffected by BNT162b2. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study in patients with IBD stratified according to treatment, all patients mounted serologic response to 2 doses of BNT162b2; however, its magnitude was significantly lower in patients treated with anti-TNFα, regardless of administration timing and drug levels. Vaccine was safe. As vaccine serologic response longevity in this group may be limited, vaccine booster dose should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Edelman-Klapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Zittan
- The Abraham and Sonia Rochlin IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ariella Bar-Gil Shitrit
- Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Keren Masha Rabinowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Goren
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Avni-Biron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob E. Ollech
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Hagar Banai-Eran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Henit Yanai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yifat Snir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maor H. Pauker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Friedenberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Adva Levy-Barda
- Biobank, Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Arie Segal
- The Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yelena Broitman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Maoz
- Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Baruch Ovadia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Maya Aharoni Golan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Shachar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shomron Ben-Horin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tsachi-Tsadok Perets
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Israel,Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Haim Ben Zvi
- Microbiology Lab, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Rami Eliakim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Revital Barkan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Sophy Goren
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Navon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noy Krugliak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Werbner
- Molecular Virology Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Joel Alter
- The Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Moshe Dessau
- The Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Meital Gal-Tanamy
- Molecular Virology Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Natalia T. Freund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dani Cohen
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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193
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Peled Y, Ram E, Lavee J, Segev A, Matezki S, Wieder-Finesod A, Halperin R, Mandelboim M, Indenbaum V, Levy I, Sternik L, Raanani E, Afek A, Kreiss Y, Lustig Y, Rahav G. Third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant recipients: Immunogenicity and clinical experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:148-157. [PMID: 34565682 PMCID: PMC8397500 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repeated waves of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the necessity to optimize vaccine responses in immunocompromised populations. We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a third, booster, dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant (HT) patients. METHODS The cohort comprised 96 adult HT patients who received a third homologous dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine 168 days after the second dose. The vaccine-induced antibody responses of both receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and neutralizing antibodies were assessed in all patients, with a positive antibody response being defined as the presence of either IgG anti-RBD or neutralizing antibodies. For a subset of patients, T cell response was also studied. RESULTS The third dose was associated with a low rate of adverse events, mostly mild pain at the injection site. No serious adverse events were recorded, and there were no episodes of rejection. At 18 days following the third dose of the vaccine, the positive antibody response increased from 23% to 67%, with a corresponding increase in neutralizing capacity. The third dose elicited SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers >9-fold and IgG anti-RBD antibodies >3-fold of the range achieved after the two primary doses. Mycophenolate use, lower eGFR and higher C-reactive protein were independently associated with a reduced likelihood of generating an immune response. Importantly, a specific T-cell response following the third dose was evident in the majority of transplant recipients. CONCLUSIONS An homologous third booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine gave overall consistent tolerability and a good safety profile, while eliciting humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Peled
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eilon Ram
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Lavee
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Segev
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Matezki
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Wieder-Finesod
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rebecca Halperin
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Itzchak Levy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leonid Sternik
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Raanani
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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194
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Narowski TM, Raphel K, Adams LE, Huang J, Vielot NA, Jadi R, de Silva AM, Baric RS, Lafleur JE, Premkumar L. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine induces robust specific and cross-reactive IgG and unequal neutralizing antibodies in naive and previously infected people. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110336. [PMID: 35090596 PMCID: PMC8769879 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding vaccine-mediated protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to overcoming the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We investigate mRNA-vaccine-induced antibody responses against the reference strain, seven variants, and seasonal coronaviruses in 168 healthy individuals at three time points: before vaccination, after the first dose, and after the second dose. Following complete vaccination, both naive and previously infected individuals developed comparably robust SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies and variable levels of cross-reactive antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses. However, the strength and frequency of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in naive individuals were lower than in previously infected individuals. After the first vaccine dose, one-third of previously infected individuals lacked neutralizing antibodies; this was improved to one-fifth after the second dose. In all individuals, neutralizing antibody responses against the Alpha and Delta variants were weaker than against the reference strain. Our findings support future tailored vaccination strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants as mRNA-vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies are highly variable among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Narowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristin Raphel
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lily E Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenny Huang
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nadja A Vielot
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ramesh Jadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John E Lafleur
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Maciola AK, La Raja M, Pacenti M, Salata C, De Silvestro G, Rosato A, Pasqual G. Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830710. [PMID: 35173741 PMCID: PMC8841804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused outbreaks of the pandemic starting from the end of 2019 and, despite ongoing vaccination campaigns, still influences health services and economic factors globally. Understanding immune protection elicited by natural infection is of critical importance for public health policy. This knowledge is instrumental to set scientific parameters for the release of “immunity pass” adopted with different criteria across Europe and other countries and to provide guidelines for the vaccination of COVID-19 recovered patients. Here, we characterized the humoral response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 natural infection by analyzing serum samples from 94 COVID-19 convalescent patients with three serological platforms, including live virus neutralization, pseudovirus neutralization, and ELISA. We found that neutralization potency varies greatly across individuals, is significantly higher in severe patients compared with mild ones, and correlates with both Spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) recognition. We also show that RBD-targeting antibodies consistently represent only a modest proportion of Spike-specific IgG, suggesting broad specificity of the humoral response in naturally infected individuals. Collectively, this study contributes to the characterization of the humoral immune response in the context of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting its variability in terms of neutralization activity, with implications for immune protection in COVID-19 recovered patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Katarzyna Maciola
- Laboratory of Synthetic Immunology, Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo La Raja
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Monia Pacenti
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Pasqual, ; Antonio Rosato,
| | - Giulia Pasqual
- Laboratory of Synthetic Immunology, Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Pasqual, ; Antonio Rosato,
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196
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Tomczyk S, Hönning A, Hermes J, Grossegesse M, Hofmann N, Michel J, Neumann M, Nitsche A, Hoppe B, Eckmanns T, Schmidt-Traub H, Zappel K. Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiological investigation among healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital in Germany. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:80. [PMID: 35073863 PMCID: PMC8784861 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 cases in Germany increased in early March 2020. By April 2020, cases among health care workers (HCW) were detected across departments at a tertiary care hospital in Berlin, prompting a longitudinal investigation to assess HCW SARS-CoV-2 serostatus with an improved testing strategy and associated risk factors. Methods In May/June and December 2020, HCWs voluntarily provided blood for serology and nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) samples for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and completed a questionnaire. A four-tiered SARS-CoV-2 serological testing strategy including two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and biological neutralization test (NT) was used. ELISA-NT correlation was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with seropositivity were assessed with multivariate logistic regression. Results In May/June, 18/1477 (1.2%) HCWs were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, followed by 56/1223 (4.6%) in December. Among those tested in both, all seropositive in May/June remained seropositive by ELISA and positive by NT after 6 months. ELISA ratios correlated well with NT titres in May/June (R = 0.79) but less so in December (R = 0.41). Those seropositive reporting a past SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR result increased from 44.4% in May/June to 85.7% in December. HCWs with higher occupational risk (based on profession and working site), nurses, males, and those self-reporting COVID-19-like symptoms had significantly higher odds of seropositivity. Conclusions This investigation provides insight into the burden of HCW infection in this local outbreak context and the antibody dynamics over time with an improved robust testing strategy. It also highlights the continued need for effective infection control measures particularly among HCWs with higher occupational risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07057-3.
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197
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Ramos A, Cardoso MJ, Ribeiro L, Guimarães JT. Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies after BNT162b2 Vaccination and Their Correlation with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Anti-S1, Anti-RBD and Anti-S2 Serological Titers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:205. [PMID: 35054372 PMCID: PMC8775066 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The humoral response through neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is a key component of the immune response to COVID-19. However, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), the gold standard for determining NAbs, is technically demanding, time-consuming and requires BSL-3 conditions. Correlating the NAbs and total antibodies levels, assessed by generalized and automated serological tests, is crucial. Through a commercial surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), we aimed to evaluate the production of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs in a set of vaccinated healthcare workers and to correlate these NAbs with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG anti-S1, anti-RBD and anti-S2 serological titers. We found that 6 months after vaccination, only 74% maintain NAbs for the Wuhan strain/UK variant (V1) and 47% maintain NAbs for the South African and Brazil variants (V2). Through Spearman's correlation, we found the following correlations between the percentage of inhibition of NAbs and the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA) and BioPlex 2200 SARS-CoV-2 IgG Panel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) immunoassays: rho = 0.87 (V1) and rho = 0.73 (V2) for anti-S1 assessed by Abbott assay; rho = 0.77 (V1) and rho = 0.72 (V2) for anti-S1, rho = 0.88 (V1) and rho = 0.82 (V2) for anti-RBD, and rho = 0.68 (V1) and rho = 0.60 (V2) for anti-S2 assessed by BioPlex assay (p < 0.001 for all). In conclusion, we found a strong correlation between this fast, user-friendly, mobile and bio-safe sVNT and the serological immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Ramos
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (L.R.); (J.T.G.)
- EPI Unit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Cardoso
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (L.R.); (J.T.G.)
| | - Luís Ribeiro
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (L.R.); (J.T.G.)
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (L.R.); (J.T.G.)
- EPI Unit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Dynamics of spike-and nucleocapsid specific immunity during long-term follow-up and vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 convalescents. Nat Commun 2022; 13:153. [PMID: 35013191 PMCID: PMC8748966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-viral immunity continuously declines over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we characterize the dynamics of anti-viral immunity during long-term follow-up and after BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccination in convalescents after asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virus-specific and virus-neutralizing antibody titers rapidly declined in convalescents over 9 months after infection, whereas virus-specific cytokine-producing polyfunctional T cells persisted, among which IL-2-producing T cells correlated with virus-neutralizing antibody titers. Among convalescents, 5% of individuals failed to mount long-lasting immunity after infection and showed a delayed response to vaccination compared to 1% of naïve vaccinees, but successfully responded to prime/boost vaccination. During the follow-up period, 8% of convalescents showed a selective increase in virus-neutralizing antibody titers without accompanying increased frequencies of circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. The same convalescents, however, responded to vaccination with simultaneous increase in antibody and T cell immunity revealing the strength of mRNA-vaccination to increase virus-specific immunity in convalescents. Waning immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern. Here the authors follow spike- and nucleocapsid specific immunity in convalescent individuals for 9 months observing a decline in antibody levels but persisting T cell response. Vaccination approximately 11 months after infection boosts antibody and T cell immunity.
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Ramoji A, Pahlow S, Pistiki A, Rueger J, Shaik TA, Shen H, Wichmann C, Krafft C, Popp J. Understanding Viruses and Viral Infections by Biophotonic Methods. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ramoji
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena Germany
| | - Susanne Pahlow
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Aikaterini Pistiki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
| | - Jan Rueger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
| | - Tanveer Ahmed Shaik
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
| | - Haodong Shen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Christina Wichmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
| | - Juergen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4 Jena Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (a member of Leibniz Health Technologies) , Albert‐Einstein Str. 9 Jena Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena Germany
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Chen CY, Liu KT, Shih SR, Ye JJ, Chen YT, Pan HC, Hsu HJ, Sun CY, Lee CC, Wu CY, Lai CC, Wu IW. Neutralization Assessments Reveal High Cardiothoracic Ratio and Old Age as Independent Predictors of Low Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Hemodialysis Patients Receiving a Single Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:68. [PMID: 35055386 PMCID: PMC8781271 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data are lacking regarding predictors of quantification of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) based on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 50% neutralization titer (NT50) after a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS This prospective single-center study enrolled 200 HD patients and 82 healthy subjects to estimate antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein 1 and receptor-binding domain after a first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1 or mRNA-1273), measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and applied spline-based generalized additive model regression analysis to predict NT50 converted to international units. RESULTS After the first dose of ChAdOx1, multiple linear regression showed that age (p = 0.011) and cardiothoracic ratio (p = 0.002) were negatively associated with NT50. Older age (OR = 0.958, p = 0.052) and higher cardiothoracic ratio (OR < 0.001, p = 0.037) could predict negative humoral response (NT50 < 35.13 IU/mL). NT50 was lower in HD patients compared with healthy controls receiving ChAdOx1 (10.68 vs. 43.01 IU/m, p < 0.001) or mRNA-1273 (36.39 vs. 262.2 IU/mL, p < 0.001). ChAdOx1 elicited lower GMTs than mRNA-1273 in the HD cohort (10.68 vs. 36.39 IU/mL, p < 0.001) and in healthy controls (43.01 vs. 262.22 IU/mL, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION High cardiothoracic ratio and old age could independently predict a decline in nAb titers in an HD cohort vaccinated with a single dose of ChAdOx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (H.-C.P.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (S.-R.S.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (S.-R.S.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Jr Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - Yih-Ting Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (H.-C.P.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Heng-Chih Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (H.-C.P.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Heng-Jung Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (H.-C.P.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (H.-C.P.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (H.-C.P.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (H.-C.P.); (H.-J.H.); (C.-Y.S.); (C.-C.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
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