151
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Han SW, Ryu KY. Increased clearance of non-biodegradable polystyrene nanoplastics by exocytosis through inhibition of retrograde intracellular transport. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129576. [PMID: 35850071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are derived from microplastics and may cause health problems. We previously showed that 100 nm polystyrene (PS)-NPs enter cells, including mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and their intracellular accumulation induces inflammatory and oxidative stress. Moreover, PS-NP uptake was found to occur via endocytosis, and they accumulated mostly at the juxtanuclear position, but never within the nucleus. We speculated that PS-NPs were cleared from cells when they were no longer exposed to PS-NPs. However, the effects of PS-NPs on the cellular machinery remain unknown. The accumulation of PS-NPs at the juxtanuclear position may be due to retrograde transport along microtubules. To confirm this, we treated PS-NP-exposed MEFs with inhibitors of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), dynein, or microtubule polymerization and found greatly diminished intracellular and juxtanuclear accumulation. Moreover, rapid clearance of PS-NPs was observed when MEFs were treated with an HDAC6 inhibitor. PS-NPs were removed by exocytosis, as confirmed by treatment with an exocytosis inhibitor. Furthermore, inhibiting the retrograde transport of PS-NPs alleviated the activation of the antioxidant response pathway, inflammatory and oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species generation. In summary, inhibition of the retrograde transport of non-biodegradable PS-NPs leads to their rapid export by exocytosis, which may reduce their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Han
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Yul Ryu
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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152
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van der Horst J, Rognant S, Hellsten Y, Aalkjær C, Jepps TA. Dynein Coordinates β2-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Relaxation in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rat Mesenteric Arteries. Hypertension 2022; 79:2214-2227. [PMID: 35929419 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv)7.4 and Kv7.5 channels contribute to the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation. In arteries from hypertensive rodents, the Kv7.4 channel is downregulated and function attenuated, which contributes to the reduced β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation observed in these arteries. Recently, we showed that disruption of the microtubule network, with colchicine, or inhibition of the microtubule motor protein, dynein, with ciliobrevin D, enhanced the membrane abundance and function of Kv7.4 channels in rat mesenteric arteries. This study aimed to determine whether these pharmacological compounds can improve Kv7.4 function in third-order mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, thereby restoring the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation. METHODS Wire and intravital myography was performed on normotensive and hypertensive male rat mesenteric arteries and immunostaining was performed on isolated smooth muscle cells from the same arteries. RESULTS Using wire and intravital microscopy, we show that ciliobrevin D enhanced the β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation by isoprenaline. This effect was inhibited partially by the Kv7 channel blocker linopirdine and was dependent on an increased functional contribution of the β2-adrenoceptor to the isoprenaline-mediated relaxation. In mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, ciliobrevin D and colchicine both improved the isoprenaline-mediated vasorelaxation and relaxation to the Kv7.2 -7.5 activator, ML213. Immunostaining confirmed ciliobrevin D enhanced the membrane abundance of Kv7.4. As well as an increase in the function of Kv7.4, the functional changes were associated with an increase in the contribution of β2-adrenoceptor following isoprenaline treatment. Immunostaining experiments showed ciliobrevin D prevented isoprenaline-mediated internalizationof the β2-adrenoceptor. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data show that colchicine and ciliobrevin D can induce a β2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation in arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rat as well as reinstating Kv7.4 channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer van der Horst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.v.d.H., S.R., C.A., T.A.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (J.v.d.H., Y.H.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Salomé Rognant
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.v.d.H., S.R., C.A., T.A.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (J.v.d.H., Y.H.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Aalkjær
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.v.d.H., S.R., C.A., T.A.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark (C.A.)
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.v.d.H., S.R., C.A., T.A.J.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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153
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Bollhagen A, Bechtel W. Discovering autoinhibition as a design principle for the control of biological mechanisms. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2022; 95:145-157. [PMID: 36029564 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoinhibition is a design principle realized in many molecular mechanisms in biology. After explicating the notion of a design principle and showing that autoinhibition is such a principle, we focus on how researchers discovered instances of autoinhibition, using research establishing the autoinhibition of the molecular motors kinesin and dynein as our case study. Research on kinesin and dynein began in the fashion described in accounts of mechanistic explanation but, once the mechanisms had been discovered, researchers discovered that they exhibited a second phenomenon, autoinhibition. The discovery of autoinhibition not only reverses the pattern in terms of which philosophers have understood mechanism discovery but runs counter to the one phenomenon-one mechanism principle assumed to relate mechanisms and the phenomena they explain. The ubiquity of autoinhibition as a design principle, therefore, necessitates a philosophical understanding of mechanisms that recognizes how they can participate in more than one phenomenon. Since mechanisms with this design are released from autoinhibition only when they are acted on by control mechanisms, we advance a revised account of mechanisms that accommodates attribution of multiple phenomena to the same mechanism and distinguishes them from other processes that control them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bollhagen
- UC San Diego Philosophy Department, Ridge Walk Academic Complex - Arts & Humanities Bldg. Room 0435, La Jolla, CA 92093-0119, USA.
| | - William Bechtel
- UC San Diego Philosophy Department, Ridge Walk Academic Complex - Arts & Humanities Bldg. Room 0455, La Jolla, CA 92093-0119, USA.
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154
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Chaaban S, Carter AP. Structure of dynein-dynactin on microtubules shows tandem adaptor binding. Nature 2022; 610:212-216. [PMID: 36071160 PMCID: PMC7613678 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor that is activated by its cofactor dynactin and a coiled-coil cargo adaptor1-3. Up to two dynein dimers can be recruited per dynactin, and interactions between them affect their combined motile behaviour4-6. Different coiled-coil adaptors are linked to different cargos7,8, and some share motifs known to contact sites on dynein and dynactin4,9-13. There is limited structural information on how the resulting complex interacts with microtubules and how adaptors are recruited. Here we develop a cryo-electron microscopy processing pipeline to solve the high-resolution structure of dynein-dynactin and the adaptor BICDR1 bound to microtubules. This reveals the asymmetric interactions between neighbouring dynein motor domains and how they relate to motile behaviour. We found that two adaptors occupy the complex. Both adaptors make similar interactions with the dyneins but diverge in their contacts with each other and dynactin. Our structure has implications for the stability and stoichiometry of motor recruitment by cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Chaaban
- Division of Structural Studies, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Carter
- Division of Structural Studies, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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155
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Maruta Y, Fukuda M. Large Rab GTPase Rab44 regulates microtubule-dependent retrograde melanosome transport in melanocytes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102508. [PMID: 36126775 PMCID: PMC9586991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are melanin-containing organelles in melanocytes, and they are responsible for skin and hair pigmentation in mammals. The intracellular distribution of melanosomes is mainly determined by the balance between their anterograde transport on actin filaments and retrograde transport on microtubules. Although we have shown previously that melanoregulin and Rab36 serve as cargo receptors on melanosomes for retrograde transport, their knockdown does not completely inhibit retrograde melanosome transport, suggesting the existence of an additional cargo receptor(s) in melanocytes. In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of an atypical large Rab, Rab44, which also contains EF-hand domains and a coiled-coil domain, in retrograde melanosome transport in mouse melanocytes (Rab27A-deficient melan-ash cells). Our results showed that Rab44 localizes on mature melanosomes through lipidation of its C-terminal Rab-like GTPase domain, and that its knockdown results in suppression of retrograde melanosome transport. In addition, our biochemical analysis indicated that Rab44 interacts with the dynein–dynactin motor complex via its coiled-coil domain–containing middle region. Since simultaneous depletion of Rab44, melanoregulin, and Rab36 resulted in almost complete inhibition of retrograde melanosome transport, we propose that Rab44 is the third cargo receptor. We also showed that the N-terminal region of Rab44, which contains EF-hand domains, is required for both retrograde melanosome transport and its Ca2+-modulated activities. Our findings indicated that Rab44 is a third melanosomal cargo receptor, and that, unlike other cargo receptors previously described, its transport function is regulated by Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Maruta
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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156
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Weidenhausen J, Kopp J, Ruger-Herreros C, Stein F, Haberkant P, Lapouge K, Sinning I. Extended N-Terminal Acetyltransferase Naa50 in Filamentous Fungi Adds to Naa50 Diversity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810805. [PMID: 36142717 PMCID: PMC9500918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic proteins are N-terminally acetylated by a set of Nα acetyltransferases (NATs). This ancient and ubiquitous modification plays a fundamental role in protein homeostasis, while mutations are linked to human diseases and phenotypic defects. In particular, Naa50 features species-specific differences, as it is inactive in yeast but active in higher eukaryotes. Together with NatA, it engages in NatE complex formation for cotranslational acetylation. Here, we report Naa50 homologs from the filamentous fungi Chaetomium thermophilum and Neurospora crassa with significant N- and C-terminal extensions to the conserved GNAT domain. Structural and biochemical analyses show that CtNaa50 shares the GNAT structure and substrate specificity with other homologs. However, in contrast to previously analyzed Naa50 proteins, it does not form NatE. The elongated N-terminus increases Naa50 thermostability and binds to dynein light chain protein 1, while our data suggest that conserved positive patches in the C-terminus allow for ribosome binding independent of NatA. Our study provides new insights into the many facets of Naa50 and highlights the diversification of NATs during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Weidenhausen
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopp
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruger-Herreros
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karine Lapouge
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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157
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Weijman JF, Yadav SKN, Surridge KJ, Cross JA, Borucu U, Mantell J, Woolfson DN, Schaffitzel C, Dodding MP. Molecular architecture of the autoinhibited kinesin-1 lambda particle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9660. [PMID: 36112680 PMCID: PMC9481135 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite continuing progress in kinesin enzyme mechanochemistry and emerging understanding of the cargo recognition machinery, it is not known how these functions are coupled and controlled by the α-helical coiled coils encoded by a large component of kinesin protein sequences. Here, we combine computational structure prediction with single-particle negative-stain electron microscopy to reveal the coiled-coil architecture of heterotetrameric kinesin-1 in its compact state. An unusual flexion in the scaffold enables folding of the complex, bringing the kinesin heavy chain-light chain interface into close apposition with a tetrameric assembly formed from the region of the molecule previously assumed to be the folding hinge. This framework for autoinhibition is required to uncover how engagement of cargo and other regulatory factors drives kinesin-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Weijman
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sathish K. N. Yadav
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Katherine J. Surridge
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jessica A. Cross
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ufuk Borucu
- GW4 Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Judith Mantell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- Bristol BioDesign Institute, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol BioDesign Institute, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mark P. Dodding
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol BioDesign Institute, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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158
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In vitro characterization of the full-length human dynein-1 cargo adaptor BicD2. Structure 2022; 30:1470-1478.e3. [PMID: 36150379 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cargo adaptors are crucial in coupling motor proteins with their respective cargos and regulatory proteins. BicD2 is a prominent example within the cargo adaptor family. BicD2 is able to recruit the microtubule motor dynein to RNA, viral particles, and nuclei. The BicD2-mediated interaction between the nucleus and dynein is implicated in mitosis, interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) in radial glial progenitor cells, and neuron precursor migration during embryonic neocortex development. In vitro studies involving full-length cargo adaptors are difficult to perform due to the hydrophobic character, low-expression levels, and intrinsic flexibility of cargo adaptors. Here, we report the recombinant production of full-length human BicD2 and confirm its biochemical activity by interaction studies with RanBP2. We also describe pH-dependent conformational changes of BicD2 using cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), template-free structure predictions, and biophysical tools. Our results will help define the biochemical parameters for the in vitro reconstitution of higher-order BicD2 protein complexes.
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159
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Kendrick AA, Christensen JR. Bidirectional lysosome transport: a balancing act between ARL8 effectors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5261. [PMID: 36071047 PMCID: PMC9452499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Kendrick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Jenna R Christensen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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160
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Mul W, Mitra A, Peterman EJG. Mechanisms of Regulation in Intraflagellar Transport. Cells 2022; 11:2737. [PMID: 36078145 PMCID: PMC9454703 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are eukaryotic organelles essential for movement, signaling or sensing. Primary cilia act as antennae to sense a cell's environment and are involved in a wide range of signaling pathways essential for development. Motile cilia drive cell locomotion or liquid flow around the cell. Proper functioning of both types of cilia requires a highly orchestrated bi-directional transport system, intraflagellar transport (IFT), which is driven by motor proteins, kinesin-2 and IFT dynein. In this review, we explore how IFT is regulated in cilia, focusing from three different perspectives on the issue. First, we reflect on how the motor track, the microtubule-based axoneme, affects IFT. Second, we focus on the motor proteins, considering the role motor action, cooperation and motor-train interaction plays in the regulation of IFT. Third, we discuss the role of kinases in the regulation of the motor proteins. Our goal is to provide mechanistic insights in IFT regulation in cilia and to suggest directions of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erwin J. G. Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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161
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Hydrogen peroxide initiates oxidative stress and proteomic alterations in meningothelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14519. [PMID: 36008468 PMCID: PMC9411503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningothelial cells (MECs) are fundamental cells of the sheaths covering the brain and optic nerve, where they build a brain/optic nerve-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) barrier that prevents the free flow of CSF from the subarachnoid space, but their exact roles and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our attempt here was to investigate the influence elicited by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on functional changes of MECs. Our study showed that cell viability of MECs was inhibited after cells were exposed to oxidative agents. Cells subjected to H2O2 at the concentration of 150 µM for 24 h and 48 h exhibited an elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, decrease of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) compared with control cells. 95 protein spots with more than twofold difference were detected in two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) gels through proteomics assay following H2O2 exposure for 48 h, 10 proteins were identified through TOF/MS analysis. Among the proteomic changes explored, 8 proteins related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, structural regulation, and cell cycle control were downregulated. Our study provides key insights that enhance our understanding of the role of MECs in the pathology of brain and optic nerve disorders.
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162
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Villari G, Gioelli N, Valdembri D, Serini G. Vesicle choreographies keep up cell-to-extracellular matrix adhesion dynamics in polarized epithelial and endothelial cells. Matrix Biol 2022; 112:62-71. [PMID: 35961423 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In metazoans, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) drives the development, functioning, and repair of different tissues, organs, and systems. Disruption or dysregulation of cell-to-ECM adhesion promote the initiation and progression of several diseases, such as bleeding, immune disorders and cancer. Integrins are major ECM transmembrane receptors, whose function depends on both allosteric changes and exo-endocytic traffic, which carries them to and from the plasma membrane. In apico-basally polarized cells, asymmetric adhesion to the ECM is maintained by continuous targeting of the plasma membrane by vesicles coming from the trans Golgi network and carrying ECM proteins. Active integrin-bound ECM is indeed endocytosed and replaced by the exocytosis of fresh ECM. Such vesicular traffic is finely driven by the teamwork of microtubules (MTs) and their associated kinesin and dynein motors. Here, we review the main cytoskeletal actors involved in the control of the spatiotemporal distribution of active integrins and their ECM ligands, highlighting the key role of the synchronous (ant)agonistic cooperation between MT motors transporting vesicular cargoes, in the same or in opposite direction, in the regulation of traffic logistics, and the establishment of epithelial and endothelial cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Villari
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Noemi Gioelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Guido Serini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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163
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Celestino R, Gama JB, Castro-Rodrigues AF, Barbosa DJ, Rocha H, d’Amico EA, Musacchio A, Carvalho AX, Morais-Cabral JH, Gassmann R. JIP3 interacts with dynein and kinesin-1 to regulate bidirectional organelle transport. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202110057. [PMID: 35829703 PMCID: PMC9284427 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAP kinase and motor scaffold JIP3 prevents excess lysosome accumulation in axons of vertebrates and invertebrates. How JIP3's interaction with dynein and kinesin-1 contributes to organelle clearance is unclear. We show that human dynein light intermediate chain (DLIC) binds the N-terminal RH1 domain of JIP3, its paralog JIP4, and the lysosomal adaptor RILP. A point mutation in RH1 abrogates DLIC binding without perturbing the interaction between JIP3's RH1 domain and kinesin heavy chain. Characterization of this separation-of-function mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans shows that JIP3-bound dynein is required for organelle clearance in the anterior process of touch receptor neurons. Unlike JIP3 null mutants, JIP3 that cannot bind DLIC causes prominent accumulation of endo-lysosomal organelles at the neurite tip, which is rescued by a disease-associated point mutation in JIP3's leucine zipper that abrogates kinesin light chain binding. These results highlight that RH1 domains are interaction hubs for cytoskeletal motors and suggest that JIP3-bound dynein and kinesin-1 participate in bidirectional organelle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Celestino
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José B. Gama
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel J. Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Cooperative of Limited Liability (CRL), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Helder Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ennio A. d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Xavier Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João H. Morais-Cabral
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde—i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Maillard C, Roux CJ, Charbit-Henrion F, Steffann J, Laquerriere A, Quazza F, Buisson NB. Tubulin mutations in human neurodevelopmental disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 137:87-95. [PMID: 35915025 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations causing dysfunction of tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins, also known as tubulinopathies, are a group of recently described entities that lead to complex brain malformations. Anatomical and functional consequences of the disruption of tubulins include microcephaly, combined with abnormal corticogenesis due to impaired migration or lamination and abnormal growth cone dynamics of projecting and callosal axons. Key imaging features of tubulinopathies are characterized by three major patterns of malformations of cortical development (MCD): lissencephaly, microlissencephaly, and dysgyria. Additional distinctive MRI features include dysmorphism of the basal ganglia, midline commissural structure hypoplasia or agenesis, and cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia. Tubulinopathies can be diagnosed as early as 21-24 gestational weeks using imaging and neuropathology, with possible extreme microlissencephaly with an extremely thin cortex, lissencephaly with either thick or thin/intermediate cortex, and dysgyria combined with cerebellar hypoplasia, pons hypoplasia and corpus callosum dysgenesis. More than 100 MCD-associated mutations have been reported in TUBA1A, TUBB2B, or TUBB3 genes, whereas fewer than ten are known in other genes such TUBB2A, TUBB or TUBG1. Although these mutations are scattered along the α- and β-tubulin sequences, recurrent mutations are consistently associated with almost identical cortical dysgenesis. Much of the evidence supports that these mutations alter the dynamic properties and functions of microtubules in several fashions. These include diminishing the abundance of functional tubulin heterodimers, altering GTP binding, altering longitudinal and lateral protofilament interactions, and impairing microtubule interactions with kinesin and/or dynein motors or with MAPs. In this review we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the effects of mutations of tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins on human brain development and the pathogenesis of malformations of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Maillard
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Charles Joris Roux
- Pediatric Radiology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine INSERM UMR1163, Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Groupe hospitalier Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, France
| | - Julie Steffann
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine INSERM UMR1163, Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Groupe hospitalier Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, France
| | - Annie Laquerriere
- Pathology Laboratory, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France; NeoVasc Region-Inserm Team ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Floriane Quazza
- Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi Buisson
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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165
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Liu Y, Li L, Yu C, Zeng F, Niu F, Wei Z. Cargo Recognition Mechanisms of Yeast Myo2 Revealed by AlphaFold2-Powered Protein Complex Prediction. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081032. [PMID: 35892342 PMCID: PMC9330073 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo2, a yeast class V myosin, transports a broad range of organelles and plays important roles in various cellular processes, including cell division in budding yeast. Despite the fact that several structures of Myo2/cargo adaptor complexes have been determined, the understanding of the versatile cargo-binding modes of Myo2 is still very limited, given the large number of cargo adaptors identified for Myo2. Here, we used ColabFold, an AlphaFold2-powered and easy-to-use tool, to predict the complex structures of Myo2-GTD and its several cargo adaptors. After benchmarking the prediction strategy with three Myo2/cargo adaptor complexes that have been determined previously, we successfully predicted the atomic structures of Myo2-GTD in complex with another three cargo adaptors, Vac17, Kar9 and Pea2, which were confirmed by our biochemical characterizations. By systematically comparing the interaction details of the six complexes of Myo2 and its cargo adaptors, we summarized the cargo-binding modes on the three conserved sites of Myo2-GTD, providing an overall picture of the versatile cargo-recognition mechanisms of Myo2. In addition, our study demonstrates an efficient and effective solution to study protein-protein interactions in the future via the AlphaFold2-powered prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- SUSTech-HIT Joint PhD Program, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingxuan Li
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fuxing Zeng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fengfeng Niu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.L.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.)
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (Z.W.)
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166
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Torisawa T, Kimura A. Sequential accumulation of dynein and its regulatory proteins at the spindle region in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11740. [PMID: 35817834 PMCID: PMC9273622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for various cellular processes during the cell cycle. The mechanism by which its activity is regulated spatially and temporarily inside the cell remains elusive. There are various regulatory proteins of dynein, including dynactin, NDEL1/NUD-2, and LIS1. Characterizing the spatiotemporal localization of regulatory proteins in vivo will aid understanding of the cellular regulation of dynein. Here, we focused on spindle formation in the Caenorhabditis elegans early embryo, wherein dynein and its regulatory proteins translocated from the cytoplasm to the spindle region upon nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). We found that (i) a limited set of dynein regulatory proteins accumulated in the spindle region, (ii) the spatial localization patterns were distinct among the regulators, and (iii) the regulatory proteins did not accumulate in the spindle region simultaneously but sequentially. Furthermore, the accumulation of NUD-2 was unique among the regulators. NUD-2 started to accumulate before NEBD (pre-NEBD accumulation), and exhibited the highest enrichment compared to the cytoplasmic concentration. Using a protein injection approach, we revealed that the C-terminal helix of NUD-2 was responsible for pre-NEBD accumulation. These findings suggest a fine temporal control of the subcellular localization of regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Torisawa
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Mishima, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kimura
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Mishima, Japan.
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167
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Costa AC, Sousa MM. The Role of Spastin in Axon Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934522. [PMID: 35865632 PMCID: PMC9294387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with elaborate shapes that allow them to perform their function. In neurons, microtubule organization—length, density, and dynamics—are essential for the establishment of polarity, growth, and transport. A mounting body of evidence shows that modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton by microtubule-associated proteins fine tunes key aspects of neuronal cell biology. In this respect, microtubule severing enzymes—spastin, katanin and fidgetin—a group of microtubule-associated proteins that bind to and generate internal breaks in the microtubule lattice, are emerging as key modulators of the microtubule cytoskeleton in different model systems. In this review, we provide an integrative view on the latest research demonstrating the key role of spastin in neurons, specifically in the context of axonal cell biology. We focus on the function of spastin in the regulation of microtubule organization, and axonal transport, that underlie its importance in the intricate control of axon growth, branching and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
| | - Monica Mendes Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
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168
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Blagov AV, Grechko AV, Nikiforov NG, Borisov EE, Sadykhov NK, Orekhov AN. Role of Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics Processes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136954. [PMID: 35805958 PMCID: PMC9266759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is now recognized as a contributing factor to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mitochondria are signaling organelles with a variety of functions ranging from energy production to the regulation of cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, and response to stress. The successful functioning of these complex processes is critically dependent on the accuracy of mitochondrial dynamics, which includes the ability of mitochondria to change shape and position in the cell, which is necessary to maintain proper function and quality control, especially in polarized cells such as neurons. There has been much evidence to suggest that the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. This review highlights aspects of altered mitochondrial dynamics in AD that may contribute to the etiology of this debilitating condition. We also discuss therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial dynamics and function that may provide an alternative treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Blagov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (N.K.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.B.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Evgeny E. Borisov
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, AP Avtsyn Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nikolay K. Sadykhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (N.K.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.B.); (A.N.O.)
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169
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhou H, Ma X, Wu L, Tian M, Li S, Qian X, Gao X, Chai R. Dync1li1 is required for the survival of mammalian cochlear hair cells by regulating the transportation of autophagosomes. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010232. [PMID: 35727824 PMCID: PMC9249241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dync1li1, a subunit of cytoplasmic dynein 1, is reported to play important roles in intracellular retrograde transport in many tissues. However, the roles of Dync1li1 in the mammalian cochlea remain uninvestigated. Here we first studied the expression pattern of Dync1li1 in the mouse cochlea and found that Dync1li1 is highly expressed in hair cells (HCs) in both neonatal and adult mice cochlea. Next, we used Dync1li1 knockout (KO) mice to investigate its effects on hearing and found that deletion of Dync1li1 leads to early onset of progressive HC loss via apoptosis and to subsequent hearing loss. Further studies revealed that loss of Dync1li1 destabilizes dynein and alters the normal function of dynein. In addition, Dync1li1 KO results in a thinner Golgi apparatus and the accumulation of LC3+ autophagic vacuoles, which triggers HC apoptosis. We also knocked down Dync1li1 in the OC1 cells and found that the number of autophagosomes were significantly increased while the number of autolysosomes were decreased, which suggested that Dync1li1 knockdown leads to impaired transportation of autophagosomes to lysosomes and therefore the accumulation of autophagosomes results in HC apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that Dync1li1 plays important roles in HC survival through the regulation of autophagosome transportation. Hearing loss is one of the most common sensorial disorders globally. The main reason of hearing loss is the irreversible loss or malfunction of cochlear hair cells. Identifying new hearing loss-related genes and investigating their roles and mechanisms in HC survival are important for the prevention and treatment of hereditary hearing loss. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 is reported to play important roles in in ciliogenesis and protein transport in the mouse photoreceptors. Here, we described the expression pattern of Dyncili1 (a subunit of cytoplasmic dynein 1) in the mouse cochlea and used knockout mice to investigate its specific role in the hair cell of cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (XQ); (XG); (RC)
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (XQ); (XG); (RC)
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (XQ); (XG); (RC)
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (XQ); (XG); (RC)
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170
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The Rab11-regulated endocytic pathway and BDNF/TrkB signaling: Roles in plasticity changes and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105796. [PMID: 35728773 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that rely on the intracellular transport of organelles. This process is regulated by molecular motors such as dynein and kinesins and the Rab family of monomeric GTPases that together help move cargo along microtubules in dendrites, somas, and axons. Rab5-Rab11 GTPases regulate receptor trafficking along early-recycling endosomes, which is a process that determines the intracellular signaling output of different signaling pathways, including those triggered by BDNF binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB. BDNF is a well-recognized neurotrophic factor that regulates experience-dependent plasticity in different circuits in the brain. The internalization of the BDNF/TrkB complex results in signaling endosomes that allow local signaling in dendrites and presynaptic terminals, nuclear signaling in somas and dynein-mediated long-distance signaling from axons to cell bodies. In this review, we briefly discuss the organization of the endocytic pathway and how Rab11-recycling endosomes interact with other endomembrane systems. We further expand upon the roles of the Rab11-recycling pathway in neuronal plasticity. Then, we discuss the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways and their functional relationships with the postendocytic trafficking of BDNF, including axonal transport, emphasizing the role of BDNF signaling endosomes, particularly Rab5-Rab11 endosomes, in neuronal plasticity. Finally, we discuss the evidence indicating that the dysfunction of the early-recycling pathway impairs BDNF signaling, contributing to several neurodegenerative diseases.
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171
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Agrawal R, Gillies JP, Zang JL, Zhang J, Garrott SR, Shibuya H, Nandakumar J, DeSantis ME. The KASH5 protein involved in meiotic chromosomal movements is a novel dynein activating adaptor. eLife 2022; 11:78201. [PMID: 35703493 PMCID: PMC9242646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynein harnesses ATP hydrolysis to move cargo on microtubules in multiple biological contexts. Dynein meets a unique challenge in meiosis by moving chromosomes tethered to the nuclear envelope to facilitate homolog pairing essential for gametogenesis. Though processive dynein motility requires binding to an activating adaptor, the identity of the activating adaptor required for dynein to move meiotic chromosomes is unknown. We show that the meiosis-specific nuclear-envelope protein KASH5 is a dynein activating adaptor: KASH5 directly binds dynein using a mechanism conserved among activating adaptors and converts dynein into a processive motor. We map the dynein-binding surface of KASH5, identifying mutations that abrogate dynein binding in vitro and disrupt recruitment of the dynein machinery to the nuclear envelope in cultured cells and mouse spermatocytes in vivo. Our study identifies KASH5 as the first transmembrane dynein activating adaptor and provides molecular insights into how it activates dynein during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritvija Agrawal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - John P Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Juliana L Zang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sharon R Garrott
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jayakrishnan Nandakumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Morgan E DeSantis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
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172
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Yap CC, Winckler B. Spatial regulation of endosomes in growing dendrites. Dev Biol 2022; 486:5-14. [PMID: 35306006 PMCID: PMC10646839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many membrane proteins are highly enriched in either dendrites or axons. This non-uniform distribution is a critical feature of neuronal polarity and underlies neuronal function. The molecular mechanisms responsible for polarized distribution of membrane proteins has been studied for some time and many answers have emerged. A less well studied feature of neurons is that organelles are also frequently non-uniformly distributed. For instance, EEA1-positive early endosomes are somatodendritic whereas synaptic vesicles are axonal. In addition, some organelles are present in both axons and dendrites, but not distributed uniformly along the processes. One well known example are lysosomes which are abundant in the soma and proximal dendrite, but sparse in the distal dendrite and the distal axon. The mechanisms that determine the spatial distribution of organelles along dendrites are only starting to be studied. In this review, we will discuss the cell biological mechanisms of how the distribution of diverse sets of endosomes along the proximal-distal axis of dendrites might be regulated. In particular, we will focus on the regulation of bulk homeostatic mechanisms as opposed to local regulation. We posit that immature dendrites regulate organelle motility differently from mature dendrites in order to spatially organize dendrite growth, branching and sculpting.
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173
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Yap CC, Digilio L, McMahon LP, Wang T, Winckler B. Dynein Is Required for Rab7-Dependent Endosome Maturation, Retrograde Dendritic Transport, and Degradation. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4415-4434. [PMID: 35474277 PMCID: PMC9172292 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2530-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In all cell types, endocytosed cargo is transported along a set of endosomal compartments, which are linked maturationally from early endosomes (EEs) via late endosomes (LEs) to lysosomes. Lysosomes are critical for degradation of proteins that enter through endocytic as well as autophagic pathways. Rab7 is the master regulator of early-to-late endosome maturation, motility, and fusion with lysosomes. We previously showed that most degradative lysosomes are localized in the soma and in the first 25 µm of the dendrite and that bulk degradation of dendritic membrane proteins occurs in/near the soma. Dendritic late endosomes therefore move retrogradely in a Rab7-dependent manner for fusion with somatic lysosomes. We now used cultured E18 rat hippocampal neurons of both sexes to determine which microtubule motor is responsible for degradative flux of late endosomes. Based on multiple approaches (inhibiting dynein/dynactin itself or inhibiting dynein recruitment to endosomes by expressing the C-terminus of the Rab7 effector, RILP), we now demonstrate that net retrograde flux of late endosomes in dendrites is supported by dynein. Inhibition of dynein also delays maturation of somatic endosomes, as evidenced by excessive accumulation of Rab7. In addition, degradation of dendritic cargos is inhibited. Our results also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 appears necessary not only for endosomal maturation but also for fusion with lysosomes subsequent to arrival in the soma. In conclusion, Rab7-dependent dynein/dynactin recruitment to dendritic endosomes plays multifaceted roles in dendritic endosome maturation as well as retrograde transport of late endosomes to sustain normal degradative flux.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lysosomes are critical for degradation of membrane and extracellular proteins that enter through endocytosis. Lysosomes are also the endpoint of autophagy and thus responsible for protein and organelle homeostasis. Endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction is linked to neurodegeneration and aging. We identify roles in dendrites for two proteins with links to human diseases, Rab7 and dynein. Our previous work identified a process that requires directional retrograde transport in dendrites, namely, efficient degradation of short-lived membrane proteins. Based on multiple approaches, we demonstrate that Rab7-dependent recruitment of dynein motors supports net retrograde transport to lysosomes and is needed for endosome maturation. Our data also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 is required for fusion with lysosomes and degradation, subsequent to arrival in the soma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Laura Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Lloyd P McMahon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Tuanlao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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174
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Chiba K, Ori-McKenney KM, Niwa S, McKenney RJ. Synergistic autoinhibition and activation mechanisms control kinesin-1 motor activity. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110900. [PMID: 35649356 PMCID: PMC9365671 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-1 activity is regulated by autoinhibition. Intramolecular interactions within the kinesin heavy chain (KHC) are proposed to be one facet of motor regulation. The KHC also binds to the kinesin light chain (KLC), which has been implicated in both autoinhibition and activation of the motor. We show that the KLC inhibits the kinesin-microtubule interaction independently from the proposed intramolecular interaction within KHC. Cargo-adaptor proteins that bind the KLC stimulated processive movement, but the landing rate of activated kinesin complexes remained low. Mitogen-activated protein 7 (MAP7) enhanced motility by increasing the landing rate and run length of the activated kinesin motors. Our results support a model whereby the motor activity of the kinesin is regulated by synergistic inhibition mechanisms and that cargo-adaptor binding to the KLC releases both mechanisms. However, a non-motor MAP is required for robust microtubule association of the activated motor. Thus, human kinesin is regulated by synergistic autoinhibition and activation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Chiba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, 145 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, 6-3 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, 145 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, 6-3 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, 145 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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175
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Selective motor activation in organelle transport along axons. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:699-714. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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176
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Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the advancement of modern technology, the role(s) of microtubules in the pathogenesis of heart disease has become increasingly apparent, though currently there are limited treatments targeting microtubule-relevant mechanisms. Here, we review the functions of microtubules in the cardiovascular system and their specific adaptive and pathological phenotypes in cardiac disorders. We further explore the use of microtubule-targeting drugs and highlight promising druggable therapeutic targets for the future treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Warner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China (Y.L.)
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
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177
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Kim H, Lee AR, Jeon KY, Ko EJ, Cha HJ, Ock MS. Identification of the transcriptome profile of Miamiensis avidus after mebendazole treatment. KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.22.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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178
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Pabbathi A, Coleman L, Godar S, Paul A, Garlapati A, Spencer M, Eller J, Alper JD. Long-range electrostatic interactions significantly modulate the affinity of dynein for microtubules. Biophys J 2022; 121:1715-1726. [PMID: 35346642 PMCID: PMC9117880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynein family of microtubule minus-end-directed motor proteins drives diverse functions in eukaryotic cells, including cell division, intracellular transport, and flagellar beating. Motor protein processivity, which characterizes how far a motor walks before detaching from its filament, depends on the interaction between its microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) and the microtubule. Dynein's MTBD switches between high- and low-binding affinity states as it steps. Significant structural and functional data show that specific salt bridges within the MTBD and between the MTBD and the microtubule govern these affinity state shifts. However, recent computational work suggests that nonspecific, long-range electrostatic interactions between the MTBD and the microtubule may also play an important role in the processivity of dynein. To investigate this hypothesis, we mutated negatively charged amino acids remote from the dynein MTBD-microtubule-binding interface to neutral residues and measured the binding affinity using microscale thermophoresis and optical tweezers. We found a significant increase in the binding affinity of the mutated MTBDs for microtubules. Furthermore, we found that charge screening by free ions in solution differentially affected the binding and unbinding rates of MTBDs to microtubules. Together, these results demonstrate a significant role for long-range electrostatic interactions in regulating dynein-microtubule affinity. Moreover, these results provide insight into the principles that potentially underlie the biophysical differences between molecular motors with various processivities and protein-protein interactions more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Pabbathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Lawrence Coleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Subash Godar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Apurba Paul
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina; Eukaryotic Pathogen Innovations Center, Clemson, University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Aman Garlapati
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Matheu Spencer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Jared Eller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Joshua Daniel Alper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina; Eukaryotic Pathogen Innovations Center, Clemson, University, Clemson, South Carolina; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina.
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179
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Raisch T, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Cmentowski V, Carmignani S, Maffini S, Merino F, Wohlgemuth S, Vetter IR, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of Spindly-driven corona assembly at human kinetochores. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110411. [PMID: 35373361 PMCID: PMC9058546 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, a ≈1 megadalton (MDa) multiprotein complex comprising the dynein-dynactin adaptor Spindly and the ROD-Zwilch-ZW10 (RZZ) complex is the building block of a fibrous biopolymer, the kinetochore fibrous corona. The corona assembles on mitotic kinetochores to promote microtubule capture and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. We report here a high-resolution cryo-EM structure that captures the essential features of the RZZ complex, including a farnesyl-binding site required for Spindly binding. Using a highly predictive in vitro assay, we demonstrate that the SAC kinase MPS1 is necessary and sufficient for corona assembly at supercritical concentrations of the RZZ-Spindly (RZZS) complex, and describe the molecular mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent filament nucleation. We identify several structural requirements for RZZS polymerization in rings and sheets. Finally, we identify determinants of kinetochore localization and corona assembly of Spindly. Our results describe a framework for the long-sought-for molecular basis of corona assembly on metazoan kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Present address:
European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Present address:
Department of Protein EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyTübingenGermany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Centre for Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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180
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Cranial irradiation-induced impairment of axonal transport and sexual function in male rats and imaging of the olfactory pathway by MRI. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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181
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Tati S, Alisaraie L. Recruitment of dynein and kinesin to viral particles. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22311. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101900rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayi’Mone Tati
- School of Pharmacy Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Newfoundland Canada
| | - Laleh Alisaraie
- School of Pharmacy Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Newfoundland Canada
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182
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Garrott SR, Gillies JP, DeSantis ME. Nde1 and Ndel1: Outstanding Mysteries in Dynein-Mediated Transport. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871935. [PMID: 35493069 PMCID: PMC9041303 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) is the primary microtubule minus-end directed molecular motor in most eukaryotes. As such, dynein has a broad array of functions that range from driving retrograde-directed cargo trafficking to forming and focusing the mitotic spindle. Dynein does not function in isolation. Instead, a network of regulatory proteins mediate dynein’s interaction with cargo and modulate dynein’s ability to engage with and move on the microtubule track. A flurry of research over the past decade has revealed the function and mechanism of many of dynein’s regulators, including Lis1, dynactin, and a family of proteins called activating adaptors. However, the mechanistic details of two of dynein’s important binding partners, the paralogs Nde1 and Ndel1, have remained elusive. While genetic studies have firmly established Nde1/Ndel1 as players in the dynein transport pathway, the nature of how they regulate dynein activity is unknown. In this review, we will compare Ndel1 and Nde1 with a focus on discerning if the proteins are functionally redundant, outline the data that places Nde1/Ndel1 in the dynein transport pathway, and explore the literature supporting and opposing the predominant hypothesis about Nde1/Ndel1’s molecular effect on dynein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R. Garrott
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John P. Gillies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Morgan E. DeSantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Morgan E. DeSantis,
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183
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Hou M, Shao Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Fan P, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Xiao R, Yuan H. Age-related visual impairments and retinal ganglion cells axonal degeneration in a mouse model harboring OPTN (E50K) mutation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:362. [PMID: 35436991 PMCID: PMC9016082 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) axons are the signal carriers of visual information between retina and brain. Therefore, they play one of the important roles affected in many optic neurodegenerative diseases like glaucoma. Among the genetic risks associated with glaucoma, the E50K mutation in the Optineurin (OPTN) gene are known to result in glaucoma in the absence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas the relevant pathological mechanism and neurological issues remain to be further investigated. In this study, the OPTN (E50K) mutant mouse model was established through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, and aging-related RGCs loss and the visual dysfunction were identified. In E50K mice 16 months old, the axonal transport decreased comparing to wild-type (WT) mice at the same age. Furthermore, results of electron microscopy demonstrated significant morphological anomaly of mitochondria in RGCs axons of young E50K mice 3 months old, and these changes were aggravated with age. These indicated that the damaged mitochondria-associated dysfunction of RGCs axon should play an etiological role in glaucoma as an age-related outcome of OPTN (E50K) mutation. The findings of this study have potential implications for the targeted prevention and treatment of NTG.
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184
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Dias MS, Luo X, Ribas VT, Petrs-Silva H, Koch JC. The Role of Axonal Transport in Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073935. [PMID: 35409291 PMCID: PMC8999615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and leads to progressive vision loss. The first pathological signs can be seen at the optic nerve head (ONH), the structure where RGC axons leave the retina to compose the optic nerve. Besides damage of the axonal cytoskeleton, axonal transport deficits at the ONH have been described as an important feature of glaucoma. Axonal transport is essential for proper neuronal function, including transport of organelles, synaptic components, vesicles, and neurotrophic factors. Impairment of axonal transport has been related to several neurodegenerative conditions. Studies on axonal transport in glaucoma include analysis in different animal models and in humans, and indicate that its failure happens mainly in the ONH and early in disease progression, preceding axonal and somal degeneration. Thus, a better understanding of the role of axonal transport in glaucoma is not only pivotal to decipher disease mechanisms but could also enable early therapies that might prevent irreversible neuronal damage at an early time point. In this review we present the current evidence of axonal transport impairment in glaucomatous neurodegeneration and summarize the methods employed to evaluate transport in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santana Dias
- Intermediate Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Viral Vectors, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Xiaoyue Luo
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Vinicius Toledo Ribas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Hilda Petrs-Silva
- Intermediate Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Viral Vectors, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Jan Christoph Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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185
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Lei Y, Xie MX, Cao XY, Zhang X, Xiao YB, Tian XY, Zhu YX, Zhang XL. Parkin Inhibits Static Mechanical Pain by Suppressing Membrane Trafficking of Mechano-transducing Ion Channel TACAN. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:429-434. [PMID: 35353345 PMCID: PMC9068839 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Man-Xiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xian-Ying Cao
- Hainan Senile Health Management Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi-Bin Xiao
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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186
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Oliva MÁ, Tosat-Bitrián C, Barrado-Gil L, Bonato F, Galindo I, Garaigorta U, Álvarez-Bernad B, París-Ogáyar R, Lucena-Agell D, Giménez-Abián JF, García-Dorival I, Urquiza J, Gastaminza P, Díaz JF, Palomo V, Alonso C. Effect of Clinically Used Microtubule Targeting Drugs on Viral Infection and Transport Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073448. [PMID: 35408808 PMCID: PMC8998746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been exploited mainly as anti-cancer drugs because of their impact on cellular division and angiogenesis. Additionally, microtubules (MTs) are key structures for intracellular transport, which is frequently hijacked during viral infection. We have analyzed the antiviral activity of clinically used MTAs in the infection of DNA and RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, to find that MT destabilizer agents show a higher impact than stabilizers in the viral infections tested, and FDA-approved anti-helminthic benzimidazoles were among the most active compounds. In order to understand the reasons for the observed antiviral activity, we studied the impact of these compounds in motor proteins-mediated intracellular transport. To do so, we used labeled peptide tools, finding that clinically available MTAs impaired the movement linked to MT motors in living cells. However, their effect on viral infection lacked a clear correlation to their effect in motor-mediated transport, denoting the complex use of the cytoskeleton by viruses. Finally, we further delved into the molecular mechanism of action of Mebendazole by combining biochemical and structural studies to obtain crystallographic high-resolution information of the Mebendazole-tubulin complex, which provided insights into the mechanisms of differential toxicity between helminths and mammalians.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángela Oliva
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Carlota Tosat-Bitrián
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Barrado-Gil
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Francesca Bonato
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Inmaculada Galindo
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (I.G.-D.); (J.U.)
| | - Urtzi Garaigorta
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (U.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Bernad
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Rebeca París-Ogáyar
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Juan Francisco Giménez-Abián
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Isabel García-Dorival
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (I.G.-D.); (J.U.)
| | - Jesús Urquiza
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (I.G.-D.); (J.U.)
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (U.G.); (P.G.)
| | - José Fernando Díaz
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
| | - Valle Palomo
- Unidad BICS, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.O.); (C.T.-B.); (L.B.-G.); (F.B.); (B.Á.-B.); (R.P.-O.); (D.L.-A.); (J.F.G.-A.); (J.F.D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (C.A.); Tel.: +34-913476896 (C.A.)
| | - Covadonga Alonso
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (I.G.-D.); (J.U.)
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (C.A.); Tel.: +34-913476896 (C.A.)
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187
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Chahine Karam F, Loi TH, Ma A, Nash BM, Grigg JR, Parekh D, Riley LG, Farnsworth E, Bennetts B, Gonzalez-Cordero A, Jamieson RV. Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids and Retinal Pigment Epithelium for Novel Intronic RPGR Variant Assessment for Therapy Suitability. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030502. [PMID: 35330501 PMCID: PMC8951517 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The RPGR gene encodes Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator, a known interactor with ciliary proteins, which is involved in maintaining healthy photoreceptor cells. Variants in RPGR are the main contributor to X-linked rod-cone dystrophy (RCD), and RPGR gene therapy approaches are in clinical trials. Hence, elucidation of the pathogenicity of novel RPGR variants is important for a patient therapy opportunity. Here, we describe a novel intronic RPGR variant, c.1415 − 9A>G, in a patient with RCD, which was classified as a variant of uncertain significance according to current clinical diagnostic criteria. The variant lay several base pairs intronic to the canonical splice acceptor site, raising suspicion of an RPGR RNA splicing abnormality and consequent protein dysfunction. To investigate disease causation in an appropriate disease model, induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from patient fibroblasts and differentiated to retinal pigment epithelium (iPSC-RPE) and retinal organoids (iPSC-RO). Abnormal RNA splicing of RPGR was demonstrated in patient fibroblasts, iPSC-RPE and iPSC-ROs, leading to a predicted frameshift and premature stop codon. Decreased RPGR expression was demonstrated in these cell types, with a striking loss of RPGR localization at the ciliary transitional zone, critically in the photoreceptor cilium of the patient iPSC-ROs. Mislocalisation of rhodopsin staining was present in the patient’s iPSC-RO rod photoreceptor cells, along with an abnormality of L/M opsin staining affecting cone photoreceptor cells and increased photoreceptor apoptosis. Additionally, patient iPSC-ROs displayed an increase in F-actin expression that was consistent with an abnormal actin regulation phenotype. Collectively, these studies indicate that the splicing abnormality caused by the c.1415 − 9A>G variant has an impact on RPGR function. This work has enabled the reclassification of this variant to pathogenic, allowing the consideration of patients with this variant having access to gene therapy clinical trials. In addition, we have identified biomarkers of disease suitable for the interrogation of other RPGR variants of uncertain significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelle Chahine Karam
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (F.C.K.); (T.H.L.); (A.M.); (B.M.N.); (J.R.G.)
| | - To Ha Loi
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (F.C.K.); (T.H.L.); (A.M.); (B.M.N.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Alan Ma
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (F.C.K.); (T.H.L.); (A.M.); (B.M.N.); (J.R.G.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (E.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Benjamin M. Nash
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (F.C.K.); (T.H.L.); (A.M.); (B.M.N.); (J.R.G.)
- Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (E.F.); (B.B.)
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - John R. Grigg
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (F.C.K.); (T.H.L.); (A.M.); (B.M.N.); (J.R.G.)
- Specialty of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Darshan Parekh
- Rare Diseases Functional Genomics Laboratory, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network and Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (D.P.); (L.G.R.)
| | - Lisa G. Riley
- Rare Diseases Functional Genomics Laboratory, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network and Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (D.P.); (L.G.R.)
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Farnsworth
- Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (E.F.); (B.B.)
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (E.F.); (B.B.)
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia;
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Robyn V. Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (F.C.K.); (T.H.L.); (A.M.); (B.M.N.); (J.R.G.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney 2145, Australia; (E.F.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9687-2800; Fax: +61-2-9687-2120
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188
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Kumar G, Chawla P, Dhiman N, Chadha S, Sharma S, Sethi K, Sharma M, Tuli A. RUFY3 links Arl8b and JIP4-Dynein complex to regulate lysosome size and positioning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1540. [PMID: 35314681 PMCID: PMC8938454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional movement of lysosomes on microtubule tracks regulates their whole-cell spatial arrangement. Arl8b, a small GTP-binding (G) protein, promotes lysosome anterograde trafficking mediated by kinesin-1. Herein, we report an Arl8b effector, RUFY3, which regulates the retrograde transport of lysosomes. We show that RUFY3 interacts with the JIP4-dynein-dynactin complex and facilitates Arl8b association with the retrograde motor complex. Accordingly, RUFY3 knockdown disrupts the positioning of Arl8b-positive endosomes and reduces Arl8b colocalization with Rab7-marked late endosomal compartments. Moreover, we find that RUFY3 regulates nutrient-dependent lysosome distribution, although autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic cargo degradation are not impaired upon RUFY3 depletion. Interestingly, lysosome size is significantly reduced in RUFY3 depleted cells, which could be rescued by inhibition of the lysosome reformation regulatory factor PIKFYVE. These findings suggest a model in which the perinuclear cloud arrangement of lysosomes regulates both the positioning and size of these proteolytic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Chawla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Dhiman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sanya Chadha
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanupriya Sethi
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Tuli
- Divison of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India.
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189
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Keren-Kaplan T, Sarić A, Ghosh S, Williamson CD, Jia R, Li Y, Bonifacino JS. RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1506. [PMID: 35314674 PMCID: PMC8938451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase ARL8 associates with endolysosomes, leading to the recruitment of several effectors that couple endolysosomes to kinesins for anterograde transport along microtubules, and to tethering factors for eventual fusion with other organelles. Herein we report the identification of the RUN- and FYVE-domain-containing proteins RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin for retrograde transport along microtubules. Using various methodologies, we find that RUFY3 and RUFY4 interact with both GTP-bound ARL8 and dynein-dynactin. In addition, we show that RUFY3 and RUFY4 promote concentration of endolysosomes in the juxtanuclear area of non-neuronal cells, and drive redistribution of endolysosomes from the axon to the soma in hippocampal neurons. The function of RUFY3 in retrograde transport contributes to the juxtanuclear redistribution of endolysosomes upon cytosol alkalinization. These studies thus identify RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8-dependent, dynein-dynactin adaptors or regulators, and highlight the role of ARL8 in the control of both anterograde and retrograde endolysosome transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amra Sarić
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rui Jia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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190
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Mayya C, Naveena AH, Sinha P, Wunder C, Johannes L, Bhatia D. The roles of dynein and myosin VI motor proteins in endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274777. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Endocytosis is indispensable for multiple cellular processes, including signalling, cell adhesion, migration, as well as the turnover of plasma membrane lipids and proteins. The dynamic interplay and regulation of different endocytic entry routes requires multiple cytoskeletal elements, especially motor proteins that bind to membranes and transport vesicles along the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Dynein and kinesin motor proteins transport vesicles along microtubules, whereas myosins drive vesicles along actin filaments. Here, we present a brief overview of multiple endocytic pathways and our current understanding of the involvement of these motor proteins in the regulation of the different cellular entry routes. We particularly focus on structural and mechanistic details of the retrograde motor proteins dynein and myosin VI (also known as MYO6), along with their adaptors, which have important roles in the early events of endocytosis. We conclude by highlighting the key challenges in elucidating the involvement of motor proteins in endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithra Mayya
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - A. Hema Naveena
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - Pankhuri Sinha
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - Christian Wunder
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
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191
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Hazim RA, Williams DS. Microtubule Motor Transport of Organelles in a Specialized Epithelium: The RPE. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852468. [PMID: 35309899 PMCID: PMC8930850 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a uniquely polarized epithelium that lies adjacent to the photoreceptor cells in the retina, and is essential for photoreceptor function and viability. Two major motile organelles present in the RPE are the melanosomes, which are important for absorbing stray light, and phagosomes that result from the phagocytosis of the distal tips of the photoreceptor cilium, known as the photoreceptor outer segment (POS). These organelles are transported along microtubules, aligned with the apical-basal axis of the RPE. Although they undergo a directional migration, the organelles exhibit bidirectional movements, indicating both kinesin and dynein motor function in their transport. Apical melanosome localization requires dynein; it has been suggested that kinesin contribution might be complex with the involvement of more than one type of kinesin. POS phagosomes undergo bidirectional movements; roles of both plus- and minus-end directed motors appear to be important in the efficient degradation of phagosomes. This function is directly related to retinal health, with defects in motor proteins, or in the association of the phagosomes with the motors, resulting in retinal degenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni A. Hazim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David S. Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology and Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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192
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Effects of neonatal methoxychlor exposure on the ovarian transcriptome in piglets. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 238:106956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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193
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Gibson JM, Cui H, Ali MY, Zhao X, Debler EW, Zhao J, Trybus KM, Solmaz SR, Wang C. Coil-to-α-helix transition at the Nup358-BicD2 interface activates BicD2 for dynein recruitment. eLife 2022; 11:74714. [PMID: 35229716 PMCID: PMC8956292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nup358, a protein of the nuclear pore complex, facilitates a nuclear positioning pathway that is essential for many biological processes, including neuromuscular and brain development. Nup358 interacts with the dynein adaptor Bicaudal D2 (BicD2), which in turn recruits the dynein machinery to position the nucleus. However, the molecular mechanisms of the Nup358/BicD2 interaction and the activation of transport remain poorly understood. Here for the first time, we show that a minimal Nup358 domain activates dynein/dynactin/BicD2 for processive motility on microtubules. Using nuclear magnetic resonance titration and chemical exchange saturation transfer, mutagenesis, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, a Nup358 α-helix encompassing residues 2162–2184 was identified, which transitioned from a random coil to an α-helical conformation upon BicD2 binding and formed the core of the Nup358-BicD2 interface. Mutations in this region of Nup358 decreased the Nup358/BicD2 interaction, resulting in decreased dynein recruitment and impaired motility. BicD2 thus recognizes Nup358 through a ‘cargo recognition α-helix,’ a structural feature that may stabilize BicD2 in its activated state and promote processive dynein motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gibson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
| | - Heying Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, United States
| | - M Yusuf Ali
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Xioaxin Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, United States
| | - Erik W Debler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States
| | - Sozanne R Solmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, United States
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
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194
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Thompson JW, Michel MFV, Phillips BT. Centrosomal Enrichment and Proteasomal Degradation of SYS-1/β-catenin Requires the Microtubule Motor Dynein. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar42. [PMID: 35196020 PMCID: PMC9282011 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans Wnt/β-catenin asymmetry (WβA) pathway utilizes asymmetric regulation of SYS-1/β-catenin and POP-1/TCF coactivators. WβA differentially regulates gene expression during cell fate decisions, specifically by asymmetric localization of determinants in mother cells to produce daughters biased toward their appropriate cell fate. Despite the induction of asymmetry, β-catenin localizes symmetrically to mitotic centrosomes in both mammals and C. elegans. Owing to the mitosis-specific localization of SYS-1 to centrosomes and enrichment of SYS-1 at kinetochore microtubules when SYS-1 centrosomal loading is disrupted, we investigated active trafficking in SYS-1 centrosomal localization. Here, we demonstrate that trafficking by microtubule motor dynein is required to maintain SYS-1 centrosomal enrichment, by dynein RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated decreases in SYS-1 centrosomal enrichment and by temperature-sensitive allele of the dynein heavy chain. Conversely, we observe depletion of microtubules by nocodazole treatment or RNAi of dynein-proteasome adapter ECPS-1 exhibits increased centrosomal enrichment of SYS-1. Moreover, disruptions to SYS-1 or negative regulator microtubule trafficking are sufficient to significantly exacerbate SYS-1 dependent cell fate misspecifications. We propose a model whereby retrograde microtubule-mediated trafficking enables SYS-1 enrichment at centrosomes, enhancing its eventual proteasomal degradation. These studies support the link between centrosomal localization and enhancement of proteasomal degradation, particularly for proteins not generally considered “centrosomal.”
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria F Valdes Michel
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324
| | - Bryan T Phillips
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1324
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195
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Lu W, Lakonishok M, Serpinskaya AS, Gelfand VI. A novel mechanism of bulk cytoplasmic transport by cortical dynein in Drosophila ovary. eLife 2022; 11:e75538. [PMID: 35170428 PMCID: PMC8896832 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein, a major minus-end directed microtubule motor, plays essential roles in eukaryotic cells. Drosophila oocyte growth is mainly dependent on the contribution of cytoplasmic contents from the interconnected sister cells, nurse cells. We have previously shown that cytoplasmic dynein is required for Drosophila oocyte growth and assumed that it simply transports cargoes along microtubule tracks from nurse cells to the oocyte. Here, we report that instead of transporting individual cargoes along stationary microtubules into the oocyte, cortical dynein actively moves microtubules within nurse cells and from nurse cells to the oocyte via the cytoplasmic bridges, the ring canals. This robust microtubule movement is sufficient to drag even inert cytoplasmic particles through the ring canals to the oocyte. Furthermore, replacing dynein with a minus-end directed plant kinesin linked to the actin cortex is sufficient for transporting organelles and cytoplasm to the oocyte and driving its growth. These experiments show that cortical dynein performs bulk cytoplasmic transport by gliding microtubules along the cell cortex and through the ring canals to the oocyte. We propose that the dynein-driven microtubule flow could serve as a novel mode of fast cytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Margot Lakonishok
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Anna S Serpinskaya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
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196
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Kang Y, Yin S, Liu J, Jiang Y, Huang Z, Chen L, Shao L. Nano-graphene oxide depresses neurotransmission by blocking retrograde transport of mitochondria. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127660. [PMID: 34772551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) in neuromedicine has recently gained increased attention, but the associated exposure risk for synaptic function and the underlying mechanism remains obscure. The results of this study utilizing nanosized graphene oxide (nGO) suggest that they exert depressive effects on neurotransmission, mainly due to energy deficiency at synaptic contacts. Mitophagy is activated but fails to renew mitochondria and maintain mitochondrial-mediated energy metabolism because of blockage of autophagosome transport through the microtubule system from the axonal terminal to the soma. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism indicates that nGO increases the level of microtubule detyrosination, which restrains loading of the dynactin-dynein motor complex onto microtubules and subsequently inhibits the efficacy of the retrograde transport route. Thus, our study reveals the underlying mechanism by which nGO depresses neurotransmission, and contributes to our understanding of the neurobiological effects of GFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Suhan Yin
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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197
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Roney JC, Cheng XT, Sheng ZH. Neuronal endolysosomal transport and lysosomal functionality in maintaining axonostasis. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213000. [PMID: 35142819 PMCID: PMC8932522 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes serve as degradation hubs for the turnover of endocytic and autophagic cargos, which is essential for neuron function and survival. Deficits in lysosome function result in progressive neurodegeneration in most lysosomal storage disorders and contribute to the pathogenesis of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Given their size and highly polarized morphology, neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining cellular homeostasis in regions far removed from the cell body where mature lysosomes are enriched. Neurons therefore require coordinated bidirectional intracellular transport to sustain efficient clearance capacity in distal axonal regions. Emerging lines of evidence have started to uncover mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating endolysosome transport and maturation to maintain axonal homeostasis, or “axonostasis,” that is relevant to a range of neurologic disorders. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how axonal endolysosomal trafficking, distribution, and lysosomal functionality support neuronal health and become disrupted in several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Roney
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xiu-Tang Cheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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198
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Braschi B, Omran H, Witman GB, Pazour GJ, Pfister KK, Bruford EA, King SM. Consensus nomenclature for dyneins and associated assembly factors. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202109014. [PMID: 35006274 PMCID: PMC8754002 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyneins are highly complex, multicomponent, microtubule-based molecular motors. These enzymes are responsible for numerous motile behaviors in cytoplasm, mediate retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), and power ciliary and flagellar motility. Variants in multiple genes encoding dyneins, outer dynein arm (ODA) docking complex subunits, and cytoplasmic factors involved in axonemal dynein preassembly (DNAAFs) are associated with human ciliopathies and are of clinical interest. Therefore, clear communication within this field is particularly important. Standardizing gene nomenclature, and basing it on orthology where possible, facilitates discussion and genetic comparison across species. Here, we discuss how the human gene nomenclature for dyneins, ODA docking complex subunits, and DNAAFs has been updated to be more functionally informative and consistent with that of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a key model organism for studying dyneins and ciliary function. We also detail additional nomenclature updates for vertebrate-specific genes that encode dynein chains and other proteins involved in dynein complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Braschi
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - George B. Witman
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, MA
| | - K. Kevin Pfister
- Cell Biology Department, School of Medicine University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Elspeth A. Bruford
- HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Stephen M. King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
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199
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Vargas JNS, Sleigh JN, Schiavo G. Coupling axonal mRNA transport and local translation to organelle maintenance and function. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 74:97-103. [PMID: 35220080 PMCID: PMC10477965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal homeostasis requires the transport of various organelles to distal compartments and defects in this process lead to neurological disorders. Although several mechanisms for the delivery of organelles to axons and dendrites have been elucidated, exactly how this process is orchestrated is not well-understood. In this review, we discuss the recent literature supporting a novel paradigm - the co-shuttling of mRNAs with different membrane-bound organelles. This model postulates that the tethering of ribonucleoprotein complexes to endolysosomes and mitochondria allows for the spatiotemporal coupling of organelle transport and the delivery of transcripts to axons. Subcellular translation of these "hitchhiking" transcripts may thus provide a proximal source of proteins required for the maintenance and function of organelles in axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Norberto S Vargas
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - James N Sleigh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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200
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Abstract
Transport of intracellular components relies on a variety of active and passive mechanisms, ranging from the diffusive spreading of small molecules over short distances to motor-driven motion across long distances. The cell-scale behavior of these mechanisms is fundamentally dependent on the morphology of the underlying cellular structures. Diffusion-limited reaction times can be qualitatively altered by the presence of occluding barriers or by confinement in complex architectures, such as those of reticulated organelles. Motor-driven transport is modulated by the architecture of cytoskeletal filaments that serve as transport highways. In this review, we discuss the impact of geometry on intracellular transport processes that fulfill a broad range of functional objectives, including delivery, distribution, and sorting of cellular components. By unraveling the interplay between morphology and transport efficiency, we aim to elucidate key structure-function relationships that govern the architecture of transport systems at the cellular scale. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 51 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Agrawal
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Zubenelgenubi C Scott
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Elena F Koslover
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
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