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Meng Y, Sun J, Zhang G. Harnessing the power of goat milk-derived extracellular vesicles for medical breakthroughs: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130044. [PMID: 38340922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Research into goat milk-derived extracellular vesicles (GMVs) has grown in popularity in recent years owing to their potential uses in several sectors, including medicine. GMVs are tiny, lipid-bound structures that cells secrete and use to transport bioactive substances like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They may be extracted from different body fluids, including blood, urine, and milk, and have been found to play crucial roles in cell-to-cell communication. GMVs are a promising field of study with applications in preventing and treating various disorders. Their immune-modulating properties, for instance, have been investigated, and they have shown promise in treating autoimmune illnesses and cancer. They may be loaded with therapeutic compounds and directed to particular cells or tissues, but they have also been studied for their potential use as drug-delivery vehicles. Goat milk extracellular vesicles are an intriguing study topic with many possible benefits. Although more study is required to thoroughly understand their functioning and prospective applications, they provide a promising path for creating novel medical treatments and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44, Xiaoheyan road, Dadong district, Shenyang 110042, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biobank, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44, Xiaoheyan road, Dadong district, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44, Xiaoheyan road, Dadong district, Shenyang 110042, China
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152
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Sun F, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhu J, Chen S, Yu Y, Zhu M, Xu W, Qian H. Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles for diabetic retinopathy therapy through HIF-1α/EZH2/PGC-1α pathway. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:444-459. [PMID: 38076648 PMCID: PMC10697990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide with limited treatment options. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) hold promise as a cell-free therapy for retinal diseases. In this study, we present evidence that the intravitreal injection of MSC-sEVs improved retinal function and alleviated retinal apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in both db/db mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mechanistically, hyperglycemia-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) inhibited the tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), ultimately resulting in the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) through EZH2-induced methylation modification. The presence of miR-5068 and miR-10228 in MSC-sEVs targeted the HIF-1α/EZH2/PGC-1α pathway. The blockade of miR-5068 and miR-10228 abolished the retinal therapeutic effects of MSC-sEVs. Additionally, we engineered MSC-sEVs with elevated levels of miR-5068 and miR-10228 to enhance retinal repair efficiency. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying DR progress and highlight the potential of MSC-sEVs, especially engineered MSC-sEVs, as a therapeutic option for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuntong Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenyuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, 200040, China
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153
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Shalash R, Levi-Ferber M, Cohen C, Dori A, Brodie C, Henis-Korenblit S. Cross-species modeling of muscular dystrophy in Caenorhabditis elegans using patient-derived extracellular vesicles. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050412. [PMID: 38501170 PMCID: PMC11007864 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reliable disease models are critical for medicine advancement. Here, we established a versatile human disease model system using patient-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transfer a pathology-inducing cargo from a patient to a recipient naïve model organism. As a proof of principle, we applied EVs from the serum of patients with muscular dystrophy to Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrated their capability to induce a spectrum of muscle pathologies, including lifespan shortening and robust impairment of muscle organization and function. This demonstrates that patient-derived EVs can deliver disease-relevant pathologies between species and can be exploited for establishing novel and personalized models of human disease. Such models can potentially be used for disease diagnosis, prognosis, analyzing treatment responses, drug screening and identification of the disease-transmitting cargo of patient-derived EVs and their cellular targets. This system complements traditional genetic disease models and enables modeling of multifactorial diseases and of those not yet associated with specific genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewayd Shalash
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Mor Levi-Ferber
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Coral Cohen
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chaya Brodie
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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154
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Rossi IV, de Almeida RF, Sabatke B, de Godoy LMF, Ramirez MI. Trypanosoma cruzi interaction with host tissues modulate the composition of large extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5000. [PMID: 38424216 PMCID: PMC10904747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan that causes Chagas disease (CD), an endemic parasitosis in Latin America distributed around the globe. If CD is not treated in acute phase, the parasite remains silent for years in the host's tissues in a chronic form, which may progress to cardiac, digestive or neurological manifestations. Recently, studies indicated that the gastrointestinal tract represents an important reservoir for T. cruzi in the chronic phase. During interaction T. cruzi and host cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that modulates the immune system and infection, but the dynamics of secretion of host and parasite molecules through these EVs is not understood. Now, we used two cell lines: mouse myoblast cell line C2C12, and human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2to simulate the environments found by the parasite in the host. We isolated large EVs (LEVs) from the interaction of T. cruzi CL Brener and Dm28c/C2C12 and Caco-2 cells upon 2 and 24 h of infection. Our data showed that at two hours there is a strong cellular response mediated by EVs, both in the number, variety and enrichment/targeting of proteins found in LEVs for diverse functions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that proteins exported in LEVs of C2C12 and Caco-2 have different patterns. We found a predominance of host proteins at early infection. The parasite-host cell interaction induces a switch in the functionality of proteins carried by LEVs and a heterogeneous response depending on the tissues analyzed. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that cytoplasmic and mitochondrial homologues of the same parasite protein, tryparedoxin peroxidase, were differentially packaged in LEVs, also impacting the interacting molecule of this protein in the host. These data provide new evidence that the interaction with T. cruzi leads to a rapid tissue response through the release of LEVs, reflecting the enrichment of some proteins that could modulate the infection environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- EVAHPI Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fogaça de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- EVAHPI Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lyris Martins Franco de Godoy
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- EVAHPI Research Group, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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155
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Yang S, Zheng B, Raza F, Zhang S, Yuan WE, Su J, Qiu M. Tumor-derived microvesicles for cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1131-1150. [PMID: 38284828 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01980b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles with lipid bilayer structures shed from the plasma membrane of cells. Microvesicles (MVs) are a subset of EVs containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other metabolites. MVs can be produced under specific cell stimulation conditions and isolated by modern separation technology. Due to their tumor homing and large volume, tumor cell-derived microvesicles (TMVs) have attracted interest recently and become excellent delivery carriers for therapeutic vaccines, imaging agents or antitumor drugs. However, preparing sufficient and high-purity TMVs and conducting clinical transformation has become a challenge in this field. In this review, the recent research achievements in the generation, isolation, characterization, modification, and application of TMVs in cancer therapy are reviewed, and the challenges facing therapeutic applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shulei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeuti c Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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156
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Wang LL, Mai YZ, Zheng MH, Yan GH, Jin JY. A single fluorescent probe to examine the dynamics of mitochondria-lysosome interplay and extracellular vesicle role in ferroptosis. Dev Cell 2024; 59:517-528.e3. [PMID: 38272028 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Despite recent advances, challenges remain in understanding the bidirectional interactions or interplay between organelles during ferroptosis. In this study, we aimed to understand the interplay between mitochondria (Mito) and lysosomes (Lyso) in cell homeostasis and ferroptosis. For this purpose, we designed a single fluorescent probe that marks GSH in Mito and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in Lyso with two distinct emissions. Using this dual-targeted single fluorescent probe (9-morphorino pyronine), we detected Mito-Lyso interplay in ferroptosis. We disclosed differences in Mito-Lyso interplay depending on the induction of ferroptosis. Although erastin treatment decreased GSH, RSL3 triggered a HOCl burst, and FIN56- and FINO2-induced ferroptosis increased GSH and HOCl. Additionally, we showed that only extracellular vesicles generated during erastin-induced ferroptosis could spontaneously move and dock to neighboring cells, resulting in accelerated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Wang
- Research Centre of Chemical Biology, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Mai
- Research Centre of Chemical Biology, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Research Centre of Chemical Biology, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China.
| | - Guang-Hai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Jilin Key Laboratory of Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China.
| | - Jing-Yi Jin
- Research Centre of Chemical Biology, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China.
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157
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Gurriaran-Rodriguez U, Rudnicki MA. Isolation of small extracellular vesicles from regenerating muscle tissue using Tangential Flow Filtration and Size Exclusion Chromatography. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580358. [PMID: 38405765 PMCID: PMC10888854 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We have recently made the strikingly discovery that upon a muscle injury, Wnt7a is upregulated and secreted from new regenerating myofibers on the surface of exosomes to elicit its myogenerative response distally. Despite recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EVs) isolation from diverse tissues, there is still a lack of specific methodology to purify EVs from muscle tissue. To eliminate contamination with non-EV secreted proteins and cytoplasmic fragments, which are typically found when using classical methodology, such as ultracentrifugation, we adapted a protocol combining Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). We found that this approach allows simultaneous purification of Wnt7a, bound to EVs (retentate fraction) and free non-EV Wnt7a (permeate fraction). Here we described this optimized protocol designed to specifically isolate EVs from hind limb muscle explants, without cross-contamination with other sources of non-EV bounded proteins. The first step of the protocol is to remove large EVs with sequential centrifugation. Extracellular vesicles are then concentrated and washed in exchange buffer by TFF. Lastly, SEC is performed to remove any soluble protein traces remaining after TFF. Overall, this procedure can be used to isolate EVs from conditioned media or biofluid that contains EVs derived from any cell type or tissue, improving reproducibility, efficiency, and purity of EVs preparations. Our purification protocol results in high purity EVs that maintain structural integrity and thus fully compatible with in vitro and in vivo bioactivity and analytic assays.
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158
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Shuai ZQ, Wang ZX, Ren JL, Yang XK, Xu B. Differential expressions and potential clinical values of lncRNAs in the plasma exosomes of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111511. [PMID: 38194746 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with unclear pathogenesis. Progress in its clinical diagnosis and treatment mainly depends on the elucidation of its pathogenesis and the exploration of new biomarkers. Exosomes contain various biomolecules, including long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs). lncRNAs may participate in the regulation of autoimmune and inflammatory processes during RA pathogenesis by transmitting these biomolecules via exosomes among different cells. Therefore, the investigation of lncRNAs in RA exosomes may be a feasible pathway to elucidate RA pathogenesis, identify new diagnostic biomarkers, and identify potential therapeutic targets. METHODS In the first phase of exosomal non-coding RNAs screening, exosomes were isolated from the peripheral blood of six patients with RA and healthy controls (HC). High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to obtain lncRNA expression profiles, and 15 lncRNAs with the highest differential expression were selected as candidate lncRNAs. In the second phase of validation using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), differential expression of the 15 candidate lncRNAs was verified in 42 patients with RA and their matched HC. Their potential value as RA diagnostic biomarkers was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Their relationships with common clinical indices of RA were explored using Spearman's rank correlation and linear regression analyses. RESULT Compared to HC, patients with RA had 206 upregulated and 2,332 downregulated lncRNAs. Fifteen candidate lncRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, of which 12 (SNHG6, RPS18P9, RPL21P28, EBLN3P, FAM153CP, RPL23P8, SNHG31, NORAD, H3P6, DLEU2, TUG1, and OIP5-AS1) were upregulated, and three (CXXC4-AS1, OLMALINC, and NPHP3-AS1) were downregulated. In the ROC analysis of the 15 candidate lncRNAs, the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.847 (0.767, 0.927) for OLMALINC to 0.994 (0.984, 1.000) for CXXC4-AS1. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and disease activity score of 28 (DAS28) were correlated with seven, six, and five lncRNAs, respectively. Further linear regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between exosomal SNHG6 and ESR (B = -0.384, P = 0.006), and a positive relationship between SNHG31 and ESR (B = 0.381, P = 0.007). Exosomal SNHG6 also showed a negative relationship with CRP (B = -0.361, P = 0.019). Moreover, exosomal RPS18P9 and SNGH31 had a negative effect and a positive effect on DAS28, respectively (B = -0.463, P < 0.001; B = 0.586, P < 0.001), implying novel exosomal lncRNAs were the independent influencing factors of the main RA-related clinical indices. CONCLUSIONS lncRNAs in RA plasma exosomes have characteristic expression profiles, including some lncRNAs with potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiang Shuai
- Department of Sports injury and arthroscopic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Departments of rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Le Ren
- Departments of rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Yang
- Departments of rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Sports injury and arthroscopic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
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159
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Sun G, Kropp KA, Kirchner M, Plückebaum N, Selich A, Serrero M, Dhingra A, Cabrera JR, Ritter B, Bauerfeind R, Wyler E, Landthaler M, Schambach A, Sodeik B, Mertins P, Viejo-Borbolla A. Herpes simplex virus type 1 modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles to promote neurite outgrowth and neuroinfection. mBio 2024; 15:e0330823. [PMID: 38275838 PMCID: PMC10865794 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03308-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly prevalent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes a range of diseases, including cold sores, blinding keratitis, and life-threatening encephalitis. HSV-1 initially replicates in epithelial cells, enters the peripheral nervous system via neurites, and establishes lifelong infection in the neuronal cell bodies. Neurites are highly dynamic structures that grow or retract in response to attractive or repulsive cues, respectively. Here, we show that infection with HSV-1, but not with a mutant virus lacking glycoprotein G (gG), reduced the repulsive effect of epithelial cells on neurite outgrowth and facilitated HSV-1 invasion of neurons. HSV-1 gG was required and sufficient to induce neurite outgrowth by modifying the protein composition of extracellular vesicles, increasing the amount of neurotrophic and neuroprotective proteins, including galectin-1. Antibodies directed against galectin-1 neutralized the capacity of extracellular vesicles released from HSV-1-infected cells to promote neurite outgrowth. Our study provides new insights into the neurotropism of HSV-1 and identifies a viral protein that modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles to stimulate neurite outgrowth and invasion of the nervous system.IMPORTANCEHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) must infect neurites (or nerve endings) to establish a chronic infection in neurons. Neurites are highly dynamic structures that retract or grow in the presence of repulsive or attractive proteins. Some of these proteins are released by epithelial cells in extracellular vesicles and act upon interaction with their receptor present on neurites. We show here that HSV-1 infection of epithelial cells modulated their effect on neurites, increasing neurite growth. Mechanistically, HSV-1 glycoprotein G (gG) modifies the protein composition of extracellular vesicles released by epithelial cells, increasing the amount of attractive proteins that enhance neurite outgrowth and facilitate neuronal infection. These results could inform of therapeutic strategies to block HSV-1 induction of neurite outgrowth and, thereby, neuronal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Sun
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Plückebaum
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anton Selich
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manutea Serrero
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Akshay Dhingra
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jorge Rubén Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Birgit Ritter
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bauerfeind
- Research Core Unit for Laser Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST, EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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160
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Aliakbari F, Stocek NB, Cole-André M, Gomes J, Fanchini G, Pasternak SH, Christiansen G, Morshedi D, Volkening K, Strong MJ. A methodological primer of extracellular vesicles isolation and characterization via different techniques. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae009. [PMID: 38425334 PMCID: PMC10902684 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We present four different protocols of varying complexity for the isolation of cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosome-enriched fractions with the objective of providing researchers with easily conducted methods that can be adapted for many different uses in various laboratory settings and locations. These protocols are primarily based on polymer precipitation, filtration and/or ultracentrifugation, as well as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and include: (i) polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride supplementation of the conditioned medium followed by low-speed centrifugation; (ii) ultracentrifugation of conditioned medium; (iii) filtration of conditioned media through a 100-kDa exclusion filter; and (iv) isolation using a standard commercial kit. These techniques can be followed by further purification by ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, or SEC if needed and the equipment is available. HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cell cultures were used to generate conditioned medium containing exosomes. This medium was then depleted of cells and debris, filtered through a 0.2-µM filter, and supplemented with protease and RNAse inhibitors prior to exosomal isolation. The purified EVs can be used immediately or stably stored at 4°C (up to a week for imaging or using intact EVS downstream) or at -80°C for extended periods and then used for biochemical study. Our aim is not to compare these methodologies but to present them with descriptors so that researchers can choose the "best method" for their work under their individual conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Aliakbari
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Noah B Stocek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Maxximuss Cole-André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Janice Gomes
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Giovanni Fanchini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Stephen H Pasternak
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Gunna Christiansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, The Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Ø 9220, Denmark
| | - Dina Morshedi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O. Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Kathryn Volkening
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Michael J Strong
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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161
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Cunha E Rocha K, Ying W, Olefsky JM. Exosome-Mediated Impact on Systemic Metabolism. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:225-253. [PMID: 38345906 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-024535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry lipids, proteins, and microRNAs (miRNAs). They are released by all cell types and can be found not only in circulation but in many biological fluids. Exosomes are essential for interorgan communication because they can transfer their contents from donor to recipient cells, modulating cellular functions. The miRNA content of exosomes is responsible for most of their biological effects, and changes in exosomal miRNA levels can contribute to the progression or regression of metabolic diseases. As exosomal miRNAs are selectively sorted and packaged into exosomes, they can be useful as biomarkers for diagnosing diseases. The field of exosomes and metabolism is expanding rapidly, and researchers are consistently making new discoveries in this area. As a result, exosomes have great potential for a next-generation drug delivery platform for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cunha E Rocha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
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162
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Latanova A, Karpov V, Starodubova E. Extracellular Vesicles in Flaviviridae Pathogenesis: Their Roles in Viral Transmission, Immune Evasion, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2144. [PMID: 38396820 PMCID: PMC10889558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the Flaviviridae family are becoming an emerging threat for public health, causing an increasing number of infections each year and requiring effective treatment. The consequences of these infections can be severe and include liver inflammation with subsequent carcinogenesis, endothelial damage with hemorrhage, neuroinflammation, and, in some cases, death. The mechanisms of Flaviviridae pathogenesis are being actively investigated, but there are still many gaps in their understanding. Extracellular vesicles may play important roles in these mechanisms, and, therefore, this topic deserves detailed research. Recent data have revealed the involvement of extracellular vesicles in steps of Flaviviridae pathogenesis such as transmission, immune evasion, and inflammation, which is critical for disease establishment. This review covers recent papers on the roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae and includes examples of clinical applications of the accumulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Latanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (E.S.)
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163
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Wenzel EM, Pedersen NM, Elfmark LA, Wang L, Kjos I, Stang E, Malerød L, Brech A, Stenmark H, Raiborg C. Intercellular transfer of cancer cell invasiveness via endosome-mediated protease shedding. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1277. [PMID: 38341434 PMCID: PMC10858897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP/MMP14 promotes cancer cell invasion. Here we show that MT1-MMP-positive cancer cells turn MT1-MMP-negative cells invasive by transferring a soluble catalytic ectodomain of MT1-MMP. Surprisingly, this effect depends on the presence of TKS4 and TKS5 in the donor cell, adaptor proteins previously implicated in invadopodia formation. In endosomes of the donor cell, TKS4/5 promote ADAM-mediated cleavage of MT1-MMP by bridging the two proteases, and cleavage is stimulated by the low intraluminal pH of endosomes. The bridging depends on the PX domains of TKS4/5, which coincidently interact with the cytosolic tail of MT1-MMP and endosomal phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. MT1-MMP recruits TKS4/5 into multivesicular endosomes for their subsequent co-secretion in extracellular vesicles, together with the enzymatically active ectodomain. The shed ectodomain converts non-invasive recipient cells into an invasive phenotype. Thus, TKS4/5 promote intercellular transfer of cancer cell invasiveness by facilitating ADAM-mediated shedding of MT1-MMP in acidic endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Anker Elfmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ling Wang
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kjos
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Stang
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Malerød
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Brech
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Dept. of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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164
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Garcia NA, Gonzalez-King H, Mellergaard M, Nair S, Salomon C, Handberg A. Comprehensive strategy for identifying extracellular vesicle surface proteins as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1328362. [PMID: 38379702 PMCID: PMC10877036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1328362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health burden worldwide. Especially, obesity-induced chronic kidney disease (OCKD) is associated with a lack of accuracy in disease diagnostic methods. The identification of reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis and monitoring of CKD and OCKD is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in the context of CKD. In this review, we focused on the role of EVs as potential biomarkers in CKD and OCKD and developed a comprehensive list of EV membrane proteins that could aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. To assemble our list, we employed a multi-step strategy. Initially, we conducted a thorough review of the literature on EV protein biomarkers in kidney diseases. Additionally, we explored papers investigating circulating proteins as biomarkers in kidney diseases. To further refine our list, we utilized the EV database Vesiclepedia.org to evaluate the qualifications of each identified protein. Furthermore, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas to assess the localization of these candidates, with a particular focus on membrane proteins. By integrating the information from the reviewed literature, Vesiclepedia.org, and the Human Protein Atlas, we compiled a comprehensive list of potential EV membrane protein biomarkers for CKD and OCKD. Overall, our review underscores the potential of EVs as biomarkers in the field of CKD research, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at improving CKD and OCKD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hernan Gonzalez-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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165
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Xu Y, Shao B, Zhang Y. The significance of targeting lysosomes in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1308070. [PMID: 38370407 PMCID: PMC10869645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1308070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are intracellular digestive organelles that participate in various physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of immune checkpoint molecules, immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, antigen presentation, metabolism, and autophagy. Abnormalities or dysfunction of lysosomes are associated with the occurrence, development, and drug resistance of tumors. Lysosomes play a crucial role and have potential applications in tumor immunotherapy. Targeting lysosomes or harnessing their properties is an effective strategy for tumor immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms and approaches related to lysosomes in tumor immunotherapy are not fully understood at present, and further basic and clinical research is needed to provide better treatment options for cancer patients. This review focuses on the research progress related to lysosomes and tumor immunotherapy in these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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166
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Pan X, Li Y, Huang P, Staecker H, He M. Extracellular vesicles for developing targeted hearing loss therapy. J Control Release 2024; 366:460-478. [PMID: 38182057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Substantial efforts have been made for local administration of small molecules or biologics in treating hearing loss diseases caused by either trauma, genetic mutations, or drug ototoxicity. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally secreted from cells have drawn increasing attention on attenuating hearing impairment from both preclinical studies and clinical studies. Highly emerging field utilizing diverse bioengineering technologies for developing EVs as the bioderived therapeutic materials, along with artificial intelligence (AI)-based targeting toolkits, shed the light on the unique properties of EVs specific to inner ear delivery. This review will illuminate such exciting research field from fundamentals of hearing protective functions of EVs to biotechnology advancement and potential clinical translation of functionalized EVs. Specifically, the advancements in assessing targeting ligands using AI algorithms are systematically discussed. The overall translational potential of EVs is reviewed in the context of auditory sensing system for developing next generation gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Peixin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States.
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.
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167
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You Q, Liang F, Wu G, Cao F, Liu J, He Z, Wang C, Zhu L, Chen X, Yang Y. The Landscape of Biomimetic Nanovesicles in Brain Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306583. [PMID: 37713652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain diseases, such as brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and brain injuries, are caused by various pathophysiological changes, which pose a serious health threat. Brain disorders are often difficult to treat due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biomimetic nanovesicles (BNVs), including endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells and artificial nanovesicles, possess the ability to penetrate the BBB and thus can be utilized for drug delivery to the brain. BNVs, especially endogenous EVs, are widely distributed in body fluids and usually carry various disease-related signal molecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA, and may also be analyzed to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of brain diseases. This review covers the exhaustive classification and characterization of BNVs and pathophysiological roles involved in various brain diseases, and emphatically focuses on nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for brain disease theranostics, including various diagnosis strategies and precise therapeutic regulations (e.g., immunity regulation, disordered protein clearance, anti-neuroinflammation, neuroregeneration, angiogenesis, and the gut-brain axis regulation). The remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases are also discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fuming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gege Wu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jingyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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168
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Shu L, Li X, Liu Z, Li K, Shi A, Tang Y, Zhao L, Huang L, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Huang S, Lian S, Sheng G, Yan Z, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p increases cholangiocarcinoma stemness and progression by targeting HPGD and increasing PGE2 generation. Hepatology 2024; 79:307-322. [PMID: 37140231 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal malignancy originating from the biliary ducts. Current CCA diagnostic and prognostic assessments cannot satisfy the clinical requirement. Bile detection is rarely performed, and herein, we aim to estimate the clinical significance of bile liquid biopsy by assessing bile exosomal concentrations and components. APPROACH RESULTS Exosomes in bile and sera from CCA, pancreatic cancer, and common bile duct stone were identified and quantified by transmission electronmicroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and nanoFCM. Exosomal components were assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq). Bile exosomal concentration in different diseases had no significant difference, but miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p were ectopically upregulated in CCA bile exosomes. High miR-182/183-5p in both CCA tissues and bile indicates a poor prognosis. Bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p is secreted by CCA cells and can be absorbed by biliary epithelium or CCA cells. With xenografts in humanized mice, we showed that bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p promotes CCA proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by targeting hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in CCA cells and mast cells (MCs), and increasing prostaglandin E2 generation, which stimulates PTGER1 and increases CCA stemness. In single-cell mRNA-seq, hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is predominantly expressed in MCs. miR-182/183-5p prompts MC to release VEGF-A release from MC by increasing VEGF-A expression, which facilitates angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS CCA cells secret exosomal miR-182/183-5p into bile, which targets hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in CCA cells and MCs and increases prostaglandin E2 and VEGF-A release. Prostaglandin E2 promotes stemness by activating PTGER1. Our results reveal a type of CCA self-driven progression dependent on bile exosomal miR-182/183-5p and MCs, which is a new interplay pattern of CCA and bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuang Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Anda Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongchang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology(Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoli Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhangdi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wu X, Liu H, Hu Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Cui W, Shi Y, Bai H, Zhou J, Han L, Li L, Wu Y, Luo J, Wang T, Guo C, Wang Q, Ge S, Qu Y. Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicular miR-143-3p Dampens Autophagic Degradation of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules and Promotes Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration after Acute Brain Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305339. [PMID: 38044319 PMCID: PMC10837358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Pivotal roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disorders including acute brain injury are increasingly acknowledged. Through the analysis of EVs packaged miRNAs in plasma samples from patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), it is discovered that the level of EVs packaged miR-143-3p (EVs-miR-143-3p) correlates closely with perihematomal edema and neurological outcomes. Further study reveals that, upon ICH, EVs-miR-143-3p is robustly secreted by astrocytes and can shuttle into brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Heightened levels of miR-143-3p in BMECs induce the up-regulated expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind to circulating neutrophils and facilitate their transendothelial cell migration (TEM) into brain. Mechanism-wise, miR-143-3p directly targets ATP6V1A, resulting in impaired lysosomal hydrolysis ability and reduced autophagic degradation of CAMs. Importantly, a VCAM-1-targeting EVs system to selectively deliver miR-143-3p inhibitor to pathological BMECs is created, which shows satisfactory therapeutic effects in both ICH and traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse models. In conclusion, the study highlights the causal role of EVs-miR-143-3p in BMECs' dysfunction in acute brain injury and demonstrates a proof of concept that engineered EVs can be devised as a potentially applicable nucleotide drug delivery system for the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Haixiao Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Shenghao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Wenxing Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Yingwu Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Leiyang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei050000China
| | - Jianing Luo
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest Theater General HospitalChengduSichuan610083China
| | - Tinghao Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Chengxuan Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Shunnan Ge
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTangdu Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710038China
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170
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Biquard L, Rautou PE. Autophagy and extracellular vesicles in the liver endothelium: friends or foes? Hepatol Int 2024; 18:1-3. [PMID: 37940762 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Role of autophagy in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and their interaction with hepatic stellate cells (HSC). EndoMT endothelial to mesenchymal transition, EV extracellular vesicle, HSC hepatic stellate cells, LSECs liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, MVB multivesicular body, NO nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Biquard
- Centre de Recherche Sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Inserm, UMR 1149, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou
- Centre de Recherche Sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris-Cité, Inserm, UMR 1149, Paris, France.
- Service d'Hépatologie, DMU DIGEST, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, FILFOIE, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, ERN RARE-LIVER, 100 Boulevard du General Leclerc, 92100, Clichy, France.
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171
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Yang S, Jing S, Wang S, Jia F. From drugs to biomaterials: a review of emerging therapeutic strategies for intervertebral disc inflammation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1303645. [PMID: 38352058 PMCID: PMC10861683 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1303645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (LBP) is an increasingly prevalent issue, especially among aging populations. A major underlying cause of LBP is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), often triggered by intervertebral disc (IVD) inflammation. Inflammation of the IVD is divided into Septic and Aseptic inflammation. Conservative therapy and surgical treatment often fail to address the root cause of IDD. Recent advances in the treatment of IVD infection and inflammation range from antibiotics and small-molecule drugs to cellular therapies, biological agents, and innovative biomaterials. This review sheds light on the complex mechanisms of IVD inflammation and physiological and biochemical processes of IDD. Furthermore, it provides an overview of recent research developments in this area, intending to identify novel therapeutic targets and guide future clinical strategies for effectively treating IVD-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shaoze Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shanxi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fajing Jia
- Department of General Practice, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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172
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Ma T, Su G, Wu Q, Shen M, Feng X, Zhang Z. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: how they mediate glioma immunosuppression. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:235. [PMID: 38282090 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common malignant brain tumor, present a grim prognosis despite available treatments such as surgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ) therapy, and radiation therapy. This is due to their aggressive growth, high level of immunosuppression, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which obstruct the effective exchange of therapeutic drugs. Gliomas can significantly affect differentiation and function of immune cells by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs), resulting in a systemic immunosuppressive state and a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. In the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), the primary immune cells are regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In particular, glioma-associated TAMs are chiefly composed of monocyte-derived macrophages and brain-resident microglia. These cells partially exhibit characteristics of a pro-tumorigenic, anti-inflammatory M2-type. Glioma-derived EVs can hijack TAMs to differentiate into tumor-supporting phenotypes or directly affect the maturation of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and promote the activation of MDSCs. In addition, EVs impair the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to process antigens, subsequently hindering the activation of lymphocytes. EVs also impact the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of lymphocytes. This is primarily evident in the overall reduction of CD4 + helper T cells and CD8 + T cells, coupled with a relative increase in Tregs, which possess immunosuppressive characteristics. This study investigates thoroughly how tumor-derived EVs impair the function of immune cells and enhance immunosuppression in gliomas, shedding light on their potential implications for immunotherapy strategies in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Su
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qionghui Wu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minghui Shen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinli Feng
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenchang Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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173
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Yan J. Roles of Myokines and Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Deterioration under Disuse Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:88. [PMID: 38392980 PMCID: PMC10891558 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inactivity and disuse conditions, such as those experienced during spaceflight and prolonged bedrest, are frequently accompanied by detrimental effects on the motor system, including skeletal muscle atrophy and bone loss, which greatly increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Moreover, the decrease in glucose and lipid utilization in skeletal muscles, a consequence of muscle atrophy, also contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome. Clarifying the mechanisms involved in disuse-induced musculoskeletal deterioration is important, providing therapeutic targets and a scientific foundation for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders under disuse conditions. Skeletal muscle, as a powerful endocrine organ, participates in the regulation of physiological and biochemical functions of local or distal tissues and organs, including itself, in endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine manners. As a motor organ adjacent to muscle, bone tissue exhibits a relative lag in degenerative changes compared to skeletal muscle under disuse conditions. Based on this phenomenon, roles and mechanisms involved in the communication between skeletal muscle and bone, especially from muscle to bone, under disuse conditions have attracted widespread attention. In this review, we summarize the roles and regulatory mechanisms of muscle-derived myokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the occurrence of muscle atrophy and bone loss under disuse conditions, as well as discuss future perspectives based on existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- Institute of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
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174
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Gurriaran-Rodriguez U, Kodippili K, Datzkiw D, Javandoost E, Xiao F, Rejas MT, Rudnicki MA. Wnt7a is Required for Regeneration of Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577041. [PMID: 38328077 PMCID: PMC10849716 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of Wnt7a has been shown to accelerate and augment skeletal muscle regeneration and to ameliorate dystrophic progression in mdx muscle, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, loss-of-function studies to investigate the requirement for Wnt7a in muscle regeneration has not been evaluated. Here, we assessed muscle regeneration and function in wild type (WT) and mdx mice where Wnt7a was specifically deleted in muscle using a conditional Wnt7a floxed allele and a Myf5-Cre driver. We found that both WT and mdx mice with deletion of Wnt7a in muscle, exhibited marked deficiencies in muscle regeneration at 21 d following cardiotoxin (CTX) induced injury. Unlike WT, deletion of Wnt7a in mdx resulted in a marked decrease in specific force generation prior to CTX injury. However, both WT and mdx muscle lacking Wnt7a displayed decreased specific force generation following CTX injection. Notably the regeneration deficit observed in mdx mice lacking Wnt7a in muscle was rescued by a single tail vein injection of an extracellular vesicle preparation containing Wnt7a (Wnt7a-EVs). Therefore, we conclude that the regenerative capacity of muscle in mdx mice is due to the upregulation of endogenous Wnt7a following injury, and that systemic delivery of Wnt7a-EVs represents a therapeutic strategy for treating DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxia Gurriaran-Rodriguez
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kasun Kodippili
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Datzkiw
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehsan Javandoost
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fan Xiao
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Teresa Rejas
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Centro de Biología Molecular, Severo Ochoa. CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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175
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Barranco I, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Parra A, Martínez-Díaz P, Lucas X, Roca J. Immunophenotype profile by flow cytometry reveals different subtypes of extracellular vesicles in porcine seminal plasma. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:63. [PMID: 38263049 PMCID: PMC10807091 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine seminal plasma (SP) is endowed with a heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles (sEVs). This study evaluated the immunophenotypic profile by high-sensitivity flow cytometry of eight sEV subpopulations isolated according to their size (small [S-sEVs] and large [L-sEVs]) from four different SP sources, namely three ejaculate fractions (the first 10 mL of the sperm rich fraction [SRF-P1], the remaining SRF [SRF-P2], and the post-SRF [PSRF]) and entire ejaculate (EE). METHODS Seminal EVs were isolated using a size exclusion chromatography-based protocol from six SP pools (five ejaculates/pool) of each SP source and characterized using complementary approaches including total protein (BCA™assay), particle size distribution (dynamic light scattering), morphology (transmission electron microscopy), and purity (albumin by Western blot). Expression of CD9, CD63, CD81, CD44 and HSP90β was analyzed in all sEV subpopulations by high-sensitivity flow cytometry according to MIFlowCyt-EV guidelines, including an accurate calibration, controls, and discrimination by CFSE-labelling. RESULTS Each sEV subpopulation exhibited a specific immunophenotypic profile. The percentage of sEVs positive for CD9, CD63, CD81 and HSP90β differed between S- and L-sEVs (P < 0.0001). Specifically, the percentage of sEVs positive for CD9 and CD63 was higher and that for CD81 was lower in S- than L-sEVs in the four SP sources. However, the percentage of HSP90β-positive sEVs was lower in S-sEVs than L-sEVs in the SRF-P1 and EE samples. The percentage of sEVs positive for CD9, CD63, and CD44 also differed among the four SP sources (P < 0.0001), being highest in PSRF samples. Notably, virtually all sEV subpopulations expressed CD44 (range: 88.04-98.50%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the utility of high-sensitivity flow cytometry for sEV immunophenotyping, allowing the identification of distinct sEV subpopulations that may have different cellular origin, cargo, functions, and target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barranco
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Parra
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Xiomara Lucas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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176
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Jiao Y, Gao L, Zhang T, He Z, Zheng SY, Liu W. Profiling DNA Cargos in Single Extracellular Vesicles via Hydrogel-Based Droplet Digital Multiple Displacement Amplification. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1293-1300. [PMID: 38189229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the substantial heterogeneity among extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations, single-EV analysis has the potential to elucidate the mechanisms behind EV biogenesis and shed light on the myriad functions, leading to the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. While many studies have been devoted to reveal between-EV variations in surface proteins and RNAs, DNA cargos (EV-DNA) have received little attention. Here, we report a hydrogel-based droplet digital multiple displacement amplification approach for the comprehensive analysis of EV-DNA at the single-EV level. Single EVs are dispersed in thousands of hydrogel droplets and lysed for DNA amplification and identification. The droplet microfluidics strategy empowers the assay with single-molecule sensitivity and capability for absolute quantification of DNA-containing EVs. In particular, our findings indicate that 5-40% EVs are associated with DNA, depending on the cell of origin. Large EVs exhibit a higher proportion of DNA-containing EVs and a more substantial presence of intraluminal DNA, compared to small EVs. These DNA-containing EVs carry multiple DNA fragments on average. Furthermore, both double-stranded DNA and single-stranded DNA were able to be detected at the single-EV level. Utilizing this method, the abundance, distribution, and biophysical properties of EV-DNA in various EV populations are evaluated. The DNA level within EVs provides insight into the status of the originating cells and offers valuable information on the outcomes of anticancer treatments. The utilization of single-EV analysis for EV-DNA holds significant promise for early cancer detection and treatment response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liyang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | | | - Wu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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177
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Zhang W, Li G, Zhou X, Liang H, Tong B, Wu D, Yang K, Song Y, Wang B, Liao Z, Ma L, Ke W, Zhang X, Lei J, Lei C, Feng X, Wang K, Zhao K, Yang C. Disassembly of the TRIM56-ATR complex promotes cytoDNA/cGAS/STING axis-dependent intervertebral disc inflammatory degeneration. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e165140. [PMID: 38488012 PMCID: PMC10940101 DOI: 10.1172/jci165140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As the leading cause of disability worldwide, low back pain (LBP) is recognized as a pivotal socioeconomic challenge to the aging population and is largely attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Elastic nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue is essential for the maintenance of IVD structural and functional integrity. The accumulation of senescent NP cells with an inflammatory hypersecretory phenotype due to aging and other damaging factors is a distinctive hallmark of IVDD initiation and progression. In this study, we reveal a mechanism of IVDD progression in which aberrant genomic DNA damage promoted NP cell inflammatory senescence via activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS/STING) axis but not of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome assembly. Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR) deficiency destroyed genomic integrity and led to cytosolic mislocalization of genomic DNA, which acted as a powerful driver of cGAS/STING axis-dependent inflammatory phenotype acquisition during NP cell senescence. Mechanistically, disassembly of the ATR-tripartite motif-containing 56 (ATR-TRIM56) complex with the enzymatic liberation of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5) and TRIM25 drove changes in ATR ubiquitination, with ATR switching from K63- to K48-linked modification, c thereby promoting ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent dynamic instability of ATR protein during NP cell senescence progression. Importantly, an engineered extracellular vesicle-based strategy for delivering ATR-overexpressing plasmid cargo efficiently diminished DNA damage-associated NP cell senescence and substantially mitigated IVDD progression, indicating promising targets and effective approaches to ameliorate the chronic pain and disabling effects of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaizhen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bide Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kevin Yang
- Wuhan Britain-China School, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingjin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunchi Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangcheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Bedoni M, Guerini FR, Clerici M, Agliardi C. Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease: How Far from Clinical Translation? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1136. [PMID: 38256215 PMCID: PMC10816807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting about 10 million people worldwide with a prevalence of about 2% in the over-80 population. The disease brings in also a huge annual economic burden, recently estimated by the Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research to be USD 52 billion in the United States alone. Currently, no effective cure exists, but available PD medical treatments are based on symptomatic prescriptions that include drugs, surgical approaches and rehabilitation treatment. Due to the complex biology of a PD brain, the design of clinical trials and the personalization of treatment strategies require the identification of accessible and measurable biomarkers to monitor the events induced by treatment and disease progression and to predict patients' responsiveness. In the present review, we strive to briefly summarize current knowledge about PD biomarkers, focusing on the role of extracellular vesicles as active or involuntary carriers of disease-associated proteins, with particular attention to those research works that envision possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi Onlus, 20148 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Silvia Picciolini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi Onlus, 20148 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi Onlus, 20148 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Franca Rosa Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi Onlus, 20148 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi Onlus, 20148 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Agliardi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi Onlus, 20148 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (C.A.)
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Di Santo R, Niccolini B, Romanò S, Vaccaro M, Di Giacinto F, De Spirito M, Ciasca G. Advancements in Mid-Infrared spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123346. [PMID: 37774583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid vesicles secreted by all cells into the extracellular space and act as nanosized biological messengers among cells. They carry a specific molecular cargo, composed of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, which reflects the state of their parent cells. Due to their remarkable structural and compositional heterogeneity, characterizing EVs, particularly from a biochemical perspective, presents complex challenges. In this context, mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy is emerging as a valuable tool, providing researchers with a comprehensive and label-free spectral fingerprint of EVs in terms of their specific molecular content. This review aims to provide an up-to-date critical overview of the major advancements in mid-IR spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles, encompassing both fundamental and applied research achievements. We also systematically emphasize the new possibilities offered by the integration of emerging cutting-edge IR technologies, such as tip-enhanced and surface-enhanced spectroscopy approaches, along with the growing use of machine learning for data analysis and spectral interpretation. Additionally, to assist researchers in navigating this intricate subject, our manuscript includes a wide and detailed collection of the spectral peaks that have been assigned to EV molecular constituents up to now in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Niccolini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vaccaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Yang YC, Jiang Q, Yang KP, Wang L, Sethi G, Ma Z. Extracellular vesicle-mediated ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis: potential clinical applications in cancer therapy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:23. [PMID: 38216595 PMCID: PMC10786909 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing recognition as significant regulators of intercellular communication in various physiological and pathological processes. These vesicles play a pivotal role in cancer progression by facilitating the transfer of diverse cargoes, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Regulated cell death (RCD), the orderly and autonomous death of cells, is controlled by a variety of biomacromolecules and, in turn, influences various biological processes and cancer progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that EV cargoes regulate diverse oncogenes and tumor suppressors to mediate different nonapoptotic forms of RCD, notably ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Nevertheless, comprehensive exploration of EV-mediated nonapoptotic RCD forms in the context of cancer has not been performed. This review summarizes the progress regarding the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of EVs in mediating nonapoptotic RCD by delivery of cargoes to regulate tumor progression. Additionally, the review delves into the potential clinical applications of EV-mediated cell death and its significance in the areas of cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chi Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 434023, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 433200, Honghu, China
- Digestive Disease Research Institution of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, 434023, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ke-Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, 434023, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 434023, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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181
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Hánělová K, Raudenská M, Masařík M, Balvan J. Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:25. [PMID: 38200509 PMCID: PMC10777590 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that are released by almost all cell types, even those that are pathologically altered. Exosomes widely participate in cell-to-cell communication via transferring cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, and other metabolites, into recipient cells. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in many important molecular pathways and affect various hallmarks of cancer, including fibroblasts activation, modification of the tumour microenvironment (TME), modulation of immune responses, angiogenesis promotion, setting the pre-metastatic niche, enhancing metastatic potential, and affecting therapy sensitivity and resistance. The unique exosome biogenesis, composition, nontoxicity, and ability to target specific tumour cells bring up their use as promising drug carriers and cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes, with an emphasis on their protein cargo, in the key mechanisms promoting cancer progression. We also briefly summarise the mechanism of exosome biogenesis, its structure, protein composition, and potential as a signalling hub in both normal and pathological conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Hánělová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenská
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic.
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182
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Ruiz-Navarro J, Calvo V, Izquierdo M. Extracellular vesicles and microvilli in the immune synapse. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1324557. [PMID: 38268920 PMCID: PMC10806406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) binding to cognate antigen on the plasma membrane of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) triggers the immune synapse (IS) formation. The IS constitutes a dedicated contact region between different cells that comprises a signaling platform where several cues evoked by TCR and accessory molecules are integrated, ultimately leading to an effective TCR signal transmission that guarantees intercellular message communication. This eventually leads to T lymphocyte activation and the efficient execution of different T lymphocyte effector tasks, including cytotoxicity and subsequent target cell death. Recent evidence demonstrates that the transmission of information between immune cells forming synapses is produced, to a significant extent, by the generation and secretion of distinct extracellular vesicles (EV) from both the effector T lymphocyte and the APC. These EV carry biologically active molecules that transfer cues among immune cells leading to a broad range of biological responses in the recipient cells. Included among these bioactive molecules are regulatory miRNAs, pro-apoptotic molecules implicated in target cell apoptosis, or molecules triggering cell activation. In this study we deal with the different EV classes detected at the IS, placing emphasis on the most recent findings on microvilli/lamellipodium-produced EV. The signals leading to polarized secretion of EV at the synaptic cleft will be discussed, showing that the IS architecture fulfills a fundamental task during this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz-Navarro
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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183
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Lu Y, Luo Z, Zhou H, Shi Y, Zhu Y, Guo X, Huang J, Zhang J, Liu X, Wang S, Shan X, Yin H, Du Y, Li Q, You J, Luo L. A nanoemulsion targeting adipose hypertrophy and hyperplasia shows anti-obesity efficiency in female mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:72. [PMID: 38167723 PMCID: PMC10761889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity often leads to severe medical complications. However, existing FDA-approved medications to combat obesity have limited effectiveness in reducing adiposity and often cause side effects. These medications primarily act on the central nervous system or disrupt fat absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. Adipose tissue enlargement involves adipose hyperplasia and hypertrophy, both of which correlate with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyperactivated X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in (pre)adipocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that KT-NE, a nanoemulsion loaded with the XBP1 inhibitor KIRA6 and α-Tocopherol, simultaneously alleviates aberrant endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in (pre)adipocytes. As a result, KT-NE significantly inhibits abnormal adipogenic differentiation, reduces lipid droplet accumulation, restricts lipid droplet transfer, impedes obesity progression, and lowers the risk of obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in female mice with obesity. Furthermore, diverse administration routes of KT-NE impact its in vivo biodistribution and contribute to localized and/or systemic anti-obesity effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Huanli Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Xuemeng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Sijie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Xinyu Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Qingpo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, PR China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, 498 Yiwu Street, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321299, PR China.
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
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184
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Nelson H, Qu S, Franklin JL, Liu Q, Pua HH, Vickers KC, Weaver AM, Coffey RJ, Patton JG. Extracellular RNA in oncogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. RNA Biol 2024; 21:17-31. [PMID: 39107918 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2385607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles (EVPs) are now recognized as a novel form of cell-cell communication. All cells release a wide array of heterogeneous EVPs with distinct protein, lipid, and RNA content, dependent on the pathophysiological state of the donor cell. The overall cargo content in EVPs is not equivalent to cellular levels, implying a regulated pathway for selection and export. In cancer, release and uptake of EVPs within the tumour microenvironment can influence growth, proliferation, invasiveness, and immune evasion. Secreted EVPs can also have distant, systemic effects that can promote metastasis. Here, we review current knowledge of EVP biogenesis and cargo selection with a focus on the role that extracellular RNA plays in oncogenesis and metastasis. Almost all subtypes of RNA have been identified in EVPs, with miRNAs being the best characterized. We review the roles of specific miRNAs that have been detected in EVPs and that play a role in oncogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sherman Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Franklin
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heather H Pua
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G Patton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Extracellular Vesicle Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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185
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Adnani L, Rak J. Intercellular Molecular Transfer Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:327-352. [PMID: 39242385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Among multiple pathways of intercellular communication operative in multicellular organisms, the trafficking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EP) represents a unique mode of cellular information exchange with emerging roles in health and disease, including cancer. A distinctive feature of EV/EP-mediated cell-cell communication is that it involves simultaneous short- or long-range transfer of numerous molecular constituents (cargo) from donor to recipient cells. EV/EP uptake by donor cells elicits signalling or metabolic responses, or else leads to EV-re-emission or degradation. EVs are heterogeneous membranous structures released from cells via increasingly defined mechanisms involving either formation of multivesicular endosomes (exosomes) or budding from the plasma membrane (ectosomes). EPs (exomeres, supermeres) are membraneless complex particles, smaller than EVs and of less defined biogenesis and function. EVs/EPs carry complex assemblies of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (RNA, DNA), which they shuttle into intercellular milieu, body fluids and recipient cells, via surface contact, fusion and different forms of internalization (endocytosis, micropinocytosis). While the physiological functions of EVs/EPs communication pathways continue to be investigated, their roles in cancer are increasingly well-defined. For example, EVs are involved in the transmission of cancer-specific molecular cargo, including mutant, oncogenic, transforming, or regulatory macromolecules to indolent, or normal cells, sometimes triggering their quasi-transformation-like states, or phenotypic alterations. Conversely, a reciprocal and avid uptake of stromal EVs by cancer cells may be responsible for modulating their oncogenic repertoire, as exemplified by the angiocrine effects of endothelial EVs influencing cancer cell stemness. EV exchanges during cancer progression have also been implicated in the formation of tumour stroma, angiogenesis and non-angiogenic neovascularization processes, immunosuppression, colonization of metastatic organ sites (premetastatic niche), paraneoplastic and systemic pathologies (thrombosis, diabetes, hepatotoxicity). Thus, an EV/EP-mediated horizontal transfer of cellular content emerges as a new dimension in cancer pathogenesis with functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Adnani
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, QC, Canada.
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186
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Gao H, Zeng Y, Huang X, A L, Liang Q, Xie J, Lin X, Gong J, Fan X, Zou T, Xu H. Extracellular vesicles from organoid-derived human retinal progenitor cells prevent lipid overload-induced retinal pigment epithelium injury by regulating fatty acid metabolism. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12401. [PMID: 38151470 PMCID: PMC10752800 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD), a group of diseases leading to irreversible vision loss, is characterised by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or retinal neuron damage and loss. With fewer risks of immune rejection and tumorigenesis, stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a new cell-free therapeutic paradigm for RD, which remains to be investigated. Human retinal organoid-derived retinal progenitor cells (hERO-RPCs) are an easily accessible and advanced cell source for RD treatment. However, hERO-RPCs-derived EVs require further characterisation. Here, we compared the characteristics of EVs from hERO-RPCs (hRPC-EVs) with those of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived EVs (hESC-EVs) as controls. Based on in-depth proteomic analysis, we revealed remarkable differences between hRPC-EVs and hESC-EVs. A comparison between EVs and their respective cells of origin demonstrated that the protein loading of hRPC-EVs was more selective than that of hESC-EVs. In particular, hESC-EVs were enriched with proteins related to angiogenesis and cell cycle, whereas hRPC-EVs were enriched with proteins associated with immune modulation and retinal development. More importantly, compared with that of hESC-EVs, hRPC-EVs exhibited a lower correlation with cell proliferation and a unique capacity to regulate lipid metabolism. It was further confirmed that hRPC-EVs potentially eliminated lipid deposits, inhibited lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, and enhanced phagocytosis and survival of oleic acid-treated ARPE-19 cells. Mechanistically, hRPC-EVs are integrated into the mitochondrial network of oleic acid-treated ARPE-19 cells, and increased the level of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation-related proteins. Thus, organoid-derived hRPC-EVs represent a promising source of cell-free therapy for RD, especially for blinding diseases related to abnormal lipid metabolism in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Luodan A
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Qingle Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jing Xie
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Xi Lin
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Jing Gong
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of PsychologyThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of ChongqingChongqingChina
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187
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Beaumont JEJ, Ju J, Barbeau LMO, Demers I, Savelkouls KG, Derks K, Bouwman FG, Wauben MHM, Zonneveld MI, Keulers TGH, Rouschop KMA. GABARAPL1 is essential in extracellular vesicle cargo loading and metastasis development. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:109968. [PMID: 37898438 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypoxia is a common feature of tumours, associated with poor prognosis due to increased resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and enhanced metastasis development. Previously we demonstrated that GABARAPL1 is required for the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EV) with pro-angiogenic properties during hypoxia. Here, we explored the role of GABARAPL1+ EV in the metastatic cascade. MATERIALS AND METHODS GABARAPL1 deficient or control MDA-MB-231 cells were injected in murine mammary fat pads. Lungs were dissected and analysed for human cytokeratin 18. EV from control and GABARAPL1 deficient cells exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (O2 < 0.02%) were isolated and analysed by immunoblot, nanoparticle tracking analysis, high resolution flow cytometry, mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing. Cellular migration and invasion were analysed using scratch assays and transwell-invasion assays, respectively. RESULTS The number of pulmonary metastases derived from GABARAPL1 deficient tumours decreased by 84%. GABARAPL1 deficient cells migrate slower but display a comparable invasive capacity. Both normoxic and hypoxic EV contain proteins and miRNAs associated with metastasis development and, in line, increase cancer cell invasiveness. Although GABARAPL1 deficiency alters EV content, it does not alter the EV-induced increase in cancer cell invasiveness. CONCLUSION GABARAPL1 is essential for metastasis development. This is unrelated to changes in migration and invasion and suggests that GABARAPL1 or GABARAPL1+ EV are essential in other processes related to the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E J Beaumont
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinzhe Ju
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lydie M O Barbeau
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Imke Demers
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim G Savelkouls
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Derks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke I Zonneveld
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom G H Keulers
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper M A Rouschop
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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188
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Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
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Liu W, Liu T, Zhao Q, Ma J, Jiang J, Shi H. Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:9517826. [PMID: 38169960 PMCID: PMC10761228 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9517826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in systemic energy metabolism, and its dysfunction can lead to severe metabolic disorders. Various cells in adipose tissue communicate with each other to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel medium for remote intercellular communication by transferring various bioactive molecules from parental cells to distant target cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the endocrine functions of adipose tissue and even the metabolic homeostasis are largely affected by different cell-derived EVs, such as insulin signaling, lipolysis, and metabolically triggered inflammation regulations. Here, we provide an overview focused on the role of EVs released by different cell types of adipose tissue in metabolic diseases and their possible molecular mechanisms and highlight the potential applications of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the current EVs-based therapeutic strategies have also been discussed. This trial is registered with NCT05475418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqiu Ma
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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190
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Hassanpour M, Salybekov AA. Whispers in the Blood: Leveraging MicroRNAs for Unveiling Autologous Blood Doping in Athletes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:249. [PMID: 38203416 PMCID: PMC10779309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autologous blood transfusions (ABTs) presents a formidable challenge in maintaining fair competition in sports, as it significantly enhances hemoglobin mass and oxygen capacity. In recognizing ABT as a prohibited form of doping, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) mandates stringent detection methodologies. While current methods effectively identify homologous erythrocyte transfusions, a critical gap persists in detecting autologous transfusions. The gold standard practice of longitudinally monitoring hematological markers exhibits promise but is encumbered by limitations. Despite its potential, instances of blood doping often go undetected due to the absence of definitive verification processes. Moreover, some cases remain unpenalized due to conservative athlete-sanctioning approaches. This gap underscores the imperative need for a more reliable and comprehensive detection method capable of unequivocally differentiating autologous transfusions, addressing the challenges faced in accurately identifying such prohibited practices. The development of an advanced detection methodology is crucial to uphold the integrity of anti-doping measures, effectively identifying and penalizing instances of autologous blood transfusion. This, in turn, safeguards the fairness and equality essential to competitive sports. Our review tackles this critical gap by harnessing the potential of microRNAs in ABT doping detection. We aim to summarize alterations in the total microRNA profiles of erythrocyte concentrates during storage and explore the viability of observing these changes post-transfusion. This innovative approach opens avenues for anti-doping technologies and commercialization, positioning it as a cornerstone in the ongoing fight against doping in sports and beyond. The significance of developing a robust detection method cannot be overstated, as it ensures the credibility of anti-doping efforts and promotes a level playing field for all athletes.
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191
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Ishii N, Noguchi K, Ikemoto MJ, Yohda M, Odahara T. Optimizing Exosome Preparation Based on Size and Morphology: Insights From Electron Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:2068-2079. [PMID: 37831006 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are crucial in intercellular communication, but differentiating between exosomes and microvesicles is challenging due to their similar morphology and size. This study focuses on multivesicular bodies (MVBs), where exosomes mature, and optimizes exosome isolation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for size information. Considering that EVs are nanocolloidal particles, a salt-free Bis-Tris buffer is found to maintain EV integrity better than phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TEM analysis confirm that intact exosome fractions under the salt-free Bis-Tris buffer condition exhibit polydispersity, including a unique population of <50 nm vesicles resembling intraluminal membrane vesicles (ILVs) in MVBs, alongside larger populations. This <50 nm population disappears in PBS or Bis-Tris buffer with 140 mM NaCl, transforming into a monodisperse population >100 nm. Immunoelectron microscopy also validates the presence of CD63, an exosome biomarker, on approximately 50 nm EVs. These findings provide valuable insights into exosome characterization and isolation, essential for future biomedical applications in diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Ishii
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central-6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Open Research Facilities Station, Open Research Platform Unit, Tsukuba Innovation Arena (TIA) Central Office, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central-6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central-6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yohda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takayuki Odahara
- Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central-6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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192
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Kim G, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Jeon H, Wang Y. Fluorescent Chiral Quantum Dots to Unveil Origin-Dependent Exosome Uptake and Cargo Release. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572689. [PMID: 38187632 PMCID: PMC10769435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. Yet, it is challenging to apply exosomes in clinical use due to the limited understanding of their physiological functions. While cellular uptake of exosomes is generally known through endocytosis and/or membrane fusion, the mechanisms of origin-dependent cellular uptake and subsequent cargo release of exosomes into recipient cells are still unclear. Herein, we investigated the intricate mechanisms of exosome entry into recipient cells and the intracellular cargo release. In this study, we utilized chiral graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as representatives of exosomal cargo, taking advantage of the superior permeability of chiral GQDs into lipid membranes, as well as their excellent optical properties for tracking analysis. We observed a higher uptake rate of exosomes in their parental recipient cells. However, these exosomes were predominantly entrapped in lysosomes through endocytosis (intraspecies endocytic uptake). On the other hand, in non-parental recipient cells, exosomes exhibited a greater inclination for cellular uptake through membrane fusion, followed by direct cargo release into the cytosol (cross-species direct fusion uptake). We revealed the underlying mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake and the subsequent cargo release of exosomes depending on their cell-of-origin and recipient cell types. This study envisions valuable insights into further advancements in the effective drug delivery using exosomes, as well as a comprehensive understanding of cellular communication, including disease pathogenesis.
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193
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Mehta K, Yentsch H, Lee J, Gao TT, Zhang K. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate mediates Arc capsids secretion through the multivesicular body pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.572392. [PMID: 38187623 PMCID: PMC10769229 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) is an immediate early gene that plays a vital role in learning and memory. The recent discovery that Arc mediates the inter-neuronal RNA transfer implies its role in regulating neuronal functions across long distances. Arc protein has structural and functional properties similar to viral Group-specific antigen (Gag). By assembling into high-order, virus-like capsids, Arc mediates the intercellular RNA transfer. However, the exact secretion pathway through which Arc capsids maneuver cargos is unclear. Here, we identified that Arc capsids assemble and secrete through the endosomal-multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. Arc's endosomal entry is likely mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P). Indeed, reconstituted Arc protein preferably binds to PI3P. In mammalian cells, Arc forms puncta that colocalizes with FYVE, an endosomal PI3P marker, and competitive binding to PI3P via prolonged FYVE expression reduces the average number of Arc puncta per cell. Overexpression of MTMR1, a PI3P phosphatase, significantly reduces Arc capsid secretion. Arc capsids secrete through the endosomal-MVB axis as extracellular vesicles. Live-cell imaging shows that fluorescently labeled Arc primarily colocalizes Rab5 and CD63, early endosomal and MVB markers, respectively. Superresolution imaging resolves Arc accumulates within the intraluminal vesicles of MVB. CRISPR double knockout of RalA and RalB, crucial GTPases for MVB biogenesis and exocytosis, severely reduces Arc-mediated RNA transfer efficiency. These results suggest that, unlike the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag, which assembles on and bud off from the plasma membrane, Arc capsids assemble at the endocytic membranes of the endosomal-MVB pathway mediated by PI3P. Understanding Arc's secretion pathway helps gain insights into its role in intercellular cargo transfer and highlights the commonality and distinction of trafficking mechanisms between structurally resembled capsid proteins.
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194
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Soukup J, Moško T, Kereïche S, Holada K. Large extracellular vesicles transfer more prions and infect cell culture better than small extracellular vesicles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149208. [PMID: 37949026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Prions are responsible for a number of lethal neurodegenerative and transmissible diseases in humans and animals. Extracellular vesicles, especially small exosomes, have been extensively studied in connection with various diseases. In contrast, larger microvesicles are often overlooked. In this work, we compared the ability of large extracellular vesicles (lEVs) and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) to spread prions in cell culture. We utilized CAD5 cell culture model of prion infection and isolated lEVs by 20,000×g force and sEVs by 110,000×g force. The lEV fraction was enriched in β-1 integrin with a vesicle size starting at 100 nm. The fraction of sEVs was partially depleted of β-1 integrin with a mean size of 79 nm. Both fractions were enriched in prion protein, but the lEVs contained a higher prion-converting activity. In addition, lEV infection led to stronger prion signals in both cell cultures, as detected by cell and western blotting. These results were verified on N2a-PK1 cell culture. Our data suggest the importance of lEVs in the trafficking and spread of prions over extensively studied small EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Soukup
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tibor Moško
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Holada
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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195
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Menaceur C, Dusailly O, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Saint-Pol J. Vesicular Trafficking, a Mechanism Controlled by Cascade Activation of Rab Proteins: Focus on Rab27. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1530. [PMID: 38132356 PMCID: PMC10740503 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking is essential for the cell to internalize useful proteins and soluble substances, for cell signaling or for the degradation of pathogenic elements such as bacteria or viruses. This vesicular trafficking also enables the cell to engage in secretory processes for the elimination of waste products or for the emission of intercellular communication vectors such as cytokines, chemokines and extracellular vesicles. Ras-related proteins (Rab) and their effector(s) are of crucial importance in all of these processes, and mutations/alterations to them have serious pathophysiological consequences. This review presents a non-exhaustive overview of the role of the major Rab involved in vesicular trafficking, with particular emphasis on their involvement in the biogenesis and secretion of extracellular vesicles, and on the role of Rab27 in various pathophysiological processes. Therefore, Rab and their effector(s) are central therapeutic targets, given their involvement in vesicular trafficking and their importance for cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julien Saint-Pol
- Univ. Artois, UR 2465, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory (LBHE), F-62300 Lens, France; (C.M.); (O.D.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
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196
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Mierzejewski K, Kurzyńska A, Golubska M, Całka J, Gałęcka I, Szabelski M, Paukszto Ł, Andronowska A, Bogacka I. New insights into the potential effects of PET microplastics on organisms via extracellular vesicle-mediated communication. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166967. [PMID: 37699490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have become an integral part of our daily lives. In the environment, plastics break down into small pieces (<5 mm) that are referred to as microplastics. Microplastics are ubiquitous and widespread in the environment, and all living organisms are exposed to their effects. The present study provides new insights into the potential effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics on organisms via extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication. The study demonstrated that serum-derived EVs are able to transport plastic particles. In addition, PET microplastics alter the content of miRNA in EVs. The identified differentially regulated miRNAs may target genes associated with lifestyle diseases, such as cardiovascular or metabolic diseases, and carcinogenesis. This work expands our understanding of PET microplastics' effects on organisms via EV-mediated communication and identifies directions for further research and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Mierzejewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kurzyńska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Golubska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Całka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ismena Gałęcka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Szabelski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Iwona Bogacka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
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197
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Mary B, Asokan N, Jerabkova-Roda K, Larnicol A, Busnelli I, Stemmelen T, Pichot A, Molitor A, Carapito R, Lefebvre O, Goetz JG, Hyenne V. Blood flow diverts extracellular vesicles from endothelial degradative compartments to promote angiogenesis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57042. [PMID: 37971863 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by tumors (tEVs) disseminate via circulatory networks and promote microenvironmental changes in distant organs favoring metastatic seeding. Despite their abundance in the bloodstream, how hemodynamics affect the function of circulating tEVs remains unsolved. We demonstrated that efficient uptake of tEVs occurs in venous endothelial cells that are subjected to hemodynamics. Low flow regimes observed in veins partially reroute internalized tEVs toward non-acidic and non-degradative Rab14-positive endosomes, at the expense of lysosomes, suggesting that endothelial mechanosensing diverts tEVs from degradation. Subsequently, tEVs promote the expression of pro-angiogenic transcription factors in low flow-stimulated endothelial cells and favor vessel sprouting in zebrafish. Altogether, we demonstrate that low flow regimes potentiate the pro-tumoral function of circulating tEVs by promoting their uptake and rerouting their trafficking. We propose that tEVs contribute to pre-metastatic niche formation by exploiting endothelial mechanosensing in specific vascular regions with permissive hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mary
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nandini Asokan
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katerina Jerabkova-Roda
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Annabel Larnicol
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tristan Stemmelen
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Angélique Pichot
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Molitor
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaël Carapito
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Hyenne
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, SNC5055, Strasbourg, France
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198
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Makarova J, Maltseva D, Tonevitsky A. Challenges in characterization of transcriptomes of extracellular vesicles and non-vesicular extracellular RNA carriers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1327985. [PMID: 38116380 PMCID: PMC10729812 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1327985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its original discovery over a decade ago, extracellular RNA (exRNA) has been found in all biological fluids. Furthermore, extracellular microRNA has been shown to be involved in communication between various cell types. Importantly, the exRNA is protected from RNases degradation by certain carriers including membrane vesicles and non-vesicular protein nanoparticles. Each type of carrier has its unique exRNA profile, which may vary depending on cell type and physiological conditions. To clarify putative mechanisms of intercellular communication mediated by exRNA, the RNA profile of each carrier has to be characterized. While current methods of biofluids fractionation are continuously improving, they fail to completely separate exRNA carriers. Likewise, most popular library preparation approaches for RNA sequencing do not allow obtaining exhaustive and unbiased data on exRNA transcriptome. In this mini review we discuss ongoing progress in the field of exRNA, with the focus on exRNA carriers, analyze the key methodological challenges and provide recommendations on how the latter could be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Makarova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Maltseva
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Art Photonics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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199
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Fu H, Sen L, Zhang F, Liu S, Wang M, Mi H, Liu M, Li B, Peng S, Hu Z, Sun J, Li R. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles protect against oxidative stress-induced xenogeneic biological root injury via adaptive regulation of the PI3K/Akt/NRF2 pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:466. [PMID: 38049845 PMCID: PMC10696851 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic extracellular matrices (xECM) for cell support have emerged as a potential strategy for addressing the scarcity of donor matrices for allotransplantation. However, the poor survival rate or failure of xECM-based organ transplantation is due to the negative impacts of high-level oxidative stress and inflammation on seed cell viability and stemness. Herein, we constructed xenogeneic bioengineered tooth roots (bio-roots) and used extracellular vesicles from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASC-EVs) to shield bio-roots from oxidative damage. Pretreatment with hASC-EVs reduced cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial changes, and DNA damage. Furthermore, hASC-EV treatment improved cell proliferation, antioxidant capacity, and odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation, while significantly suppressing oxidative damage by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation via p62-associated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) degradation. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt and Nrf2 knockdown reduced antioxidant capacity, indicating that the PI3K/Akt/NRF2 pathway partly mediates these effects. In subcutaneous grafting experiments using Sprague-Dawley rats, hASC-EV administration significantly enhanced the antioxidant effect of the bio-root, improved the regeneration efficiency of periodontal ligament-like tissue, and maximized xenograft function. Conclusively, therefore, hASC-EVs have the potential to be used as an immune modulator and antioxidant for treating oxidative stress-induced bio-root resorption and degradation, which may be utilized for the generation and restoration of other intricate tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Fu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences at Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Lin Sen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Fangqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Sirui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Meiyue Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Hongyan Mi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Mengzhe Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Shumin Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Zelong Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 45000, China.
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Nazri HM, Greaves E, Quenby S, Dragovic R, Tapmeier TT, Becker CM. The role of small extracellular vesicle-miRNAs in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2296-2311. [PMID: 37877421 PMCID: PMC10694411 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined by the presence of extrauterine endometrial-like tissue, which can cause pain and infertility in 10% of reproductive-age women. To date, the pathogenesis is poorly understood resulting in significant diagnostic delays and poor therapeutic outcomes in many women. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) (<200 nm) are cell-derived vesicles containing molecules that can influence gene expression and behaviour in target cells. One such cargo are microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, non-coding RNAs mostly 19-25 nucleotides in length that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. This mini-review focuses on the role of sEV-miRNAs, which are conceivably better biomarkers for endometriosis than free miRNAs, which reflect the true pathophysiological state in the body, as sEV-encapsulated miRNAs are protected from degradation compared to free miRNA and provide direct cell-to-cell communication via sEV surface proteins. sEV-miRNAs have been implicated in the immunomodulation of macrophages, the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cells, and angiogenesis, all hallmarks of endometriosis. The diagnostic potential of sEV-miRNA was investigated in one study that reported the sensitivity and specificity of two sEV-miRNAs (hsa-miR-22-3p and hsa-miR-320a-3p) in distinguishing endometriosis from non-endometriosis cases. Only three studies have explored the therapeutic potential of sEV-miRNAs in vivo in mice-two looked into the role of sEV-hsa-miR-214-3p in decreasing fibrosis, and one investigated sEV-hsa-miR-30c-5p in suppressing the invasive and migratory potential of endometriotic lesions. While early results are encouraging, studies need to further address the potential influence of factors such as the menstrual cycle as well as the location and extent of endometriotic lesions on miRNA expression in sEVs. Given these findings, and extrapolating from other conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and pre-eclampsia, sEV-miRNAs could present an attractive and urgently needed future diagnostic and therapeutic target for millions of women suffering from endometriosis. However, research in this area is hampered by lack of adherence to the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 guideline in separating and characterising sEVs, as well as the World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Nazri
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Erin Greaves
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rebecca Dragovic
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas T Tapmeier
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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