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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in the Retina and Optic Nerve of a Novel Glaucoma Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030169. [PMID: 33668263 PMCID: PMC7996343 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and increased age and intraocular pressure (IOP) are the major risk factors. Glaucoma is characterized by the death of nerve cells and the loss of optic nerve fibers. Recently, evidence has accumulated indicating that proteins in the environment of nerve cells, called the extracellular matrix (ECM), play an important role in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Depending on its constitution, the ECM can influence either the survival or the death of nerve cells. Thus, the aim of our study was to comparatively explore alterations of various ECM molecules in the retina and optic nerve of aged control and glaucomatous mice with chronic IOP elevation. Interestingly, we observed elevated levels of blood vessel and glial cell-associated ECM components in the glaucomatous retina and optic nerve, which could be responsible for various pathological processes. A better understanding of the underlying signaling mechanisms may help to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for glaucoma patients. Abstract Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and optic nerve fibers. Increased age and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation are the main risk factors for developing glaucoma. Mice that are heterozygous (HET) for the mega-karyocyte protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (PTP-Meg2) show chronic and progressive IOP elevation, severe RGCs loss, and optic nerve damage, and represent a valuable model for IOP-dependent primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Previously, evidence accumulated suggesting that glaucomatous neurodegeneration is associated with the extensive remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Unfortunately, little is known about the exact ECM changes in the glaucomatous retina and optic nerve. Hence, the goal of the present study was to comparatively explore ECM alterations in glaucomatous PTP-Meg2 HET and control wild type (WT) mice. Due to their potential relevance in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, we specifically analyzed the expression pattern of the ECM glycoproteins fibronectin, laminin, tenascin-C, and tenascin-R as well as the proteoglycans aggrecan, brevican, and members of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) family. The analyses were carried out in the retina and optic nerve of glaucomatous PTP-Meg2 HET and WT mice using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Interestingly, we observed increased fibronectin and laminin levels in the glaucomatous HET retina and optic nerve compared to the WT group. RT-qPCR analyses of the laminins α4, β2 and γ3 showed an altered isoform-specific regulation in the HET retina and optic nerve. In addition, an upregulation of tenascin-C and its interaction partner RPTPβ/ζ/phosphacan was found in glaucomatous tissue. However, comparable protein and mRNA levels for tenascin-R as well as aggrecan and brevican were observed in both groups. Overall, our study showed a remodeling of various ECM components in the glaucomatous retina and optic nerve of PTP-Meg2 HET mice. This dysregulation could be responsible for pathological processes such as neovascularization, inflammation, and reactive gliosis in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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152
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Pan L, Tan B, Tang W, Luo M, Liu Y, Yu L, Yin Y. Combining task-based rehabilitative training with PTEN inhibition promotes axon regeneration and upper extremity skilled motor function recovery after cervical spinal cord injury in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113197. [PMID: 33621609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditional deletion of Pten in corticospinal neurons promotes axon sprouting and regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, regeneration studies targeted on PTEN inhibition seldom show motor function recovery. The promotion of functional recovery can be improved by rehabilitative training under a use-dependent plasticity mechanism. PURPOSE To investigate the combined effects of PTEN inhibition and rehabilitative training on axon regeneration and subsequent motor functional improvement after cervical spinal cord injury. METHODS Lentiviral particles (Lenti-PTEN-RNAi or Lenti-Scrambled-EGFP) were injected into the right sensorimotor mouse cortex in four experimental groups (PTEN RNAi + Training, PTEN RNAi, Control + Training, Control). Two weeks after injection, all mouse groups received a left C5 crush injury. We performed task-based rehabilitative training for 4 weeks on the PTEN RNAi + Training and Control + Training groups. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was used for anterograde tracing of the dorsal corticospinal tract (dCST). We analysed axonal regeneration through immunohistochemical methods. A battery of behavioral tests was employed to assess functional recovery at Day3 and every other week after injury. RESULTS Combining rehabilitative training with PTEN inhibition induced more axon regeneration and synapse reformation in the spinal cord caudal to the lesion site. Rostral to the lesion, the transected dCST axons sprouted into gray matter upon contact. Furthermore, forelimb function was found to be improved after combination therapy during behavioral testing. CONCLUSION Combining task-based rehabilitative training with PTEN inhibition further promotes axon regeneration, synaptic plasticity and reorganization of the neural network, with significant improvement in forelimb skilled motor function after cervical spinal cord injury. Our study provides new therapeutic insights for spinal cord injury management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Botao Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Central Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Meiling Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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153
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Klatt Shaw D, Saraswathy VM, Zhou L, McAdow AR, Burris B, Butka E, Morris SA, Dietmann S, Mokalled MH. Localized EMT reprograms glial progenitors to promote spinal cord repair. Dev Cell 2021; 56:613-626.e7. [PMID: 33609461 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anti-regenerative scarring obstructs spinal cord repair in mammals and presents a major hurdle for regenerative medicine. In contrast, adult zebrafish possess specialized glial cells that spontaneously repair spinal cord injuries by forming a pro-regenerative bridge across the severed tissue. To identify the mechanisms that regulate differential regenerative capacity between mammals and zebrafish, we first defined the molecular identity of zebrafish bridging glia and then performed cross-species comparisons with mammalian glia. Our transcriptomics show that pro-regenerative zebrafish glia activate an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene program and that EMT gene expression is a major factor distinguishing mammalian and zebrafish glia. Functionally, we found that localized niches of glial progenitors undergo EMT after spinal cord injury in zebrafish and, using large-scale CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we identified the gene regulatory network that activates EMT and drives functional regeneration. Thus, non-regenerative mammalian glia lack an essential EMT-driving gene regulatory network that reprograms pro-regenerative zebrafish glia after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Klatt Shaw
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anthony R McAdow
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brooke Burris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily Butka
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samantha A Morris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mayssa H Mokalled
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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154
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Jin LY, Li J, Wang KF, Xia WW, Zhu ZQ, Wang CR, Li XF, Liu HY. Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1203-1224. [PMID: 33292072 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), a physical barrier between the blood and spinal cord parenchyma, prevents the toxins, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the spinal cord and maintains a tightly controlled chemical balance in the spinal environment, which is necessary for proper neural function. A BSCB disruption, however, plays an important role in primary and secondary injury processes related to spinal cord injury (SCI). After SCI, the structure of the BSCB is broken down, which leads directly to leakage of blood components. At the same time, the permeability of the BSCB is also increased. Repairing the disruption of the BSCB could alleviate the SCI pathology. We review the morphology and pathology of the BSCB and progression of therapeutic methods targeting BSCB in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Feng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Xia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Qi Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ying Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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155
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Bartmeyer PM, Biscola NP, Havton LA. A shape-adjusted ellipse approach corrects for varied axonal dispersion angles and myelination in primate nerve roots. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3150. [PMID: 33542368 PMCID: PMC7862494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmentation of axons in light and electron micrographs allows for quantitative high-resolution analysis of nervous tissues, but varied axonal dispersion angles result in over-estimates of fiber sizes. To overcome this technical challenge, we developed a novel shape-adjusted ellipse (SAE) determination of axonal size and myelination as an all-inclusive and non-biased tool to correct for oblique nerve fiber presentations. Our new resource was validated by light and electron microscopy against traditional methods of determining nerve fiber size and myelination in rhesus macaques as a model system. We performed detailed segmental mapping and characterized the morphological signatures of autonomic and motor fibers in primate lumbosacral ventral roots (VRs). An en bloc inter-subject variability for the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers within the L7-S2 VRs was determined. The SAE approach allows for morphological ground truth data collection and assignment of individual axons to functional phenotypes with direct implications for fiber mapping and neuromodulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra M Bartmeyer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia P Biscola
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Leif A Havton
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Neurology Service and RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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156
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Papa S, Veneruso V, Mauri E, Cremonesi G, Mingaj X, Mariani A, De Paola M, Rossetti A, Sacchetti A, Rossi F, Forloni G, Veglianese P. Functionalized nanogel for treating activated astrocytes in spinal cord injury. J Control Release 2021; 330:218-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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157
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Bi J, Shen J, Chen C, Li Z, Tan H, Sun P, Lin Y. Role of melatonin in the dynamics of acute spinal cord injury in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2909-2917. [PMID: 33497543 PMCID: PMC7957213 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is well‐documented to have the ability of reducing nerve inflammation and scavenging free radicals. However, the therapeutic effect of melatonin on spinal cord injury has not been fully described. In this study, we assessed the effect of melatonin on T9 spinal cord injury established by Allen method in rats. Melatonin deficiency significantly delayed the recovery of sensory and motor functions in SCI rats. Treatment with melatonin significantly alleviated neuronal apoptosis and accelerated the recovery of spinal cord function. These results suggest that melatonin is effective to ameliorate spinal cord injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and promotion of neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Bi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Harbin and Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jianxiong Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Bejing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Youxi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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158
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Fiani B, Kondilis A, Soula M, Tao A, Alvi MA. Novel Methods of Necroptosis Inhibition for Spinal Cord Injury Using Translational Research to Limit Secondary Injury and Enhance Endogenous Repair and Regeneration. Neurospine 2021; 18:261-270. [PMID: 33494555 PMCID: PMC8255772 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040722.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) pose an immense challenge from a clinical perspective as current treatments and interventions have been found to provide marginal improvements in clinical outcome (with varying degrees of success) particularly in areas of motor and autonomic function. In this review, the pathogenesis of SCI will be described, particularly as it relates to the necroptotic pathway which has been implicated in limiting recovery of SCI via its roles in neuronal cell death, glial scarring, inflammation, and axonal demyelination and degeneration. Major mediators of the necroptotic pathway including receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like will be described in detail regarding their role in facilitating necroptosis. Additionally, due to the rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory markers, the onset of necroptosis can begin within hours following SCI, thus developing therapeutics that readily cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit necroptosis during these critical periods of inflammation are imperative in preventing irreversible damage. As such, current therapeutic interventions regarding SCI and targeting of the necroptotic pathway will be explored as will discussion of potential future therapeutics that show promise in minimizing long-term or permanent damage to the spinal cord following severe injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, CA, USA
| | - Athanasios Kondilis
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marisol Soula
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Tao
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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159
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Ewan EE, Avraham O, Carlin D, Gonçalves TM, Zhao G, Cavalli V. Ascending dorsal column sensory neurons respond to spinal cord injury and downregulate genes related to lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:374. [PMID: 33431991 PMCID: PMC7801468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration failure after spinal cord injury (SCI) results in part from the lack of a pro-regenerative response in injured neurons, but the response to SCI has not been examined specifically in injured sensory neurons. Using RNA sequencing of dorsal root ganglion, we determined that thoracic SCI elicits a transcriptional response distinct from sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Both SNI and SCI induced upregulation of ATF3 and Jun, yet this response failed to promote growth in sensory neurons after SCI. RNA sequencing of purified sensory neurons one and three days after injury revealed that unlike SNI, the SCI response is not sustained. Both SCI and SNI elicited the expression of ATF3 target genes, with very little overlap between conditions. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed ATF3 target genes revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone synthesis were downregulated after SCI but not SNI. Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid synthase, the enzyme generating palmitic acid, decreased axon growth and regeneration in vitro. These results support the notion that decreased expression of lipid metabolism-related genes after SCI, including fatty acid synthase, may restrict axon regenerative capacity after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Ewan
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Dan Carlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Tassia Mangetti Gonçalves
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8108, St. Louis, MO, 63110-1093, USA. .,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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160
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El Waly B, Escarrat V, Perez-Sanchez J, Kaur J, Pelletier F, Collazos-Castro JE, Debarbieux F. Intravital Assessment of Cells Responses to Conducting Polymer-Coated Carbon Microfibres for Bridging Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010073. [PMID: 33466339 PMCID: PMC7824803 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extension of the lesion following spinal cord injury (SCI) poses a major challenge for regenerating axons, which must grow across several centimetres of damaged tissue in the absence of ordered guidance cues. Biofunctionalized electroconducting microfibres (MFs) that provide biochemical signals, as well as electrical and mechanical cues, offer a promising therapeutic approach to help axons overcome this blind journey. We used poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated carbon MFs functionalized with cell adhesion molecules and growth factors to bridge the spinal cord after a partial unilateral dorsal quadrant lesion (PUDQL) in mice and followed cellular responses by intravital two-photon (2P) imaging through a spinal glass window. Thy1-CFP//LysM-EGFP//CD11c-EYFP triple transgenic reporter animals allowed real time simultaneous monitoring of axons, myeloid cells and microglial cells in the vicinity of the implanted MFs. MF biocompatibility was confirmed by the absence of inflammatory storm after implantation. We found that the sprouting of sensory axons was significantly accelerated by the implantation of functionalized MFs after PUDQL. Their implantation produced better axon alignment compared to random and misrouted axon regeneration that occurred in the absence of MF, with a most striking effect occurring two months after injury. Importantly, we observed differences in the intensity and composition of the innate immune response in comparison to PUDQL-only animals. A significant decrease of immune cell density was found in MF-implanted mice one month after lesion along with a higher ratio of monocyte-derived dendritic cells whose differentiation was accelerated. Therefore, functionalized carbon MFs promote the beneficial immune responses required for neural tissue repair, providing an encouraging strategy for SCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal El Waly
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Escarrat
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jimena Perez-Sanchez
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Florence Pelletier
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jorge Eduardo Collazos-Castro
- Neural Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.-C.); (F.D.); Tel.:+34-925-247758 (J.C.-C.); +33-491-324186 (F.D.)
| | - Franck Debarbieux
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR7289), Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13005 Marseille, France; (B.E.W.); (V.E.); (J.P.-S.); (J.K.); (F.P.)
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.C.-C.); (F.D.); Tel.:+34-925-247758 (J.C.-C.); +33-491-324186 (F.D.)
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161
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Wang WZ, Li J, Liu L, Zhang ZD, Li MX, Li Q, Ma HX, Yang H, Hou XL. Role of circular RNA expression in the pathological progression after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2048-2055. [PMID: 33642393 PMCID: PMC8343338 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential expression of non-coding RNA after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is closely related to the pathophysiological process. The purposes of this study were to systematically profile and characterize expression of circular RNA (circRNA) in the lesion epicenter of spinal tissues after TSCI, and predict the structure and potential function of the regulatory circRNA/miRNA network. Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally assigned to two groups: one subjected to TSCI at T8–10 with an Allen’s drop impactor, and a second subjected to laminectomy without TSCI. Spinal cord samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, sequenced, and validated. RNA-Seq, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, and network analyses (Targetscan and miRanda) were used to predict and annotate the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network. Luciferase reporter, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot assays were used to profile expression and regulation patterns of the network in mouse models of TSCI. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed severe damage to the blood-spinal cord barrier after TSCI. Differentially expressed circRNA and miRNA profiles were obtained after TSCI; differentially expressed circRNAs, which were abundant in the cytoplasm, were involved in positive regulation of transcription and protein phosphorylation. miR-135b-5p was the most significantly downregulated miRNA after TSCI; circRNAAbca1 and KLF4 were predicted to be its target circRNA and mRNA, respectively. Subsequently, the circAbca1/miR-135b-5P/KLF4 regulatory axis was predicted and constructed, and its targeted binding was verified. After inhibiting circAbca1, GAP43 expression was upregulated. Differential expression of circRNAs might play an important role after TSCI. circAbca1 plays a neuroinhibitory role by targeted binding of the miR-135b-5P/KLF4 axis. The identified circRNA/miRNA/mRNA network could provide the basis for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms underlying TSCI, as well as guide the formulation of related therapeutic strategies. All animal protocols were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of China (approval No. 2017128) on May 16, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming-Xin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui-Xu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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162
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Li L, Lu S, Fan X. Silencing of miR-302b-3p alleviates isoflurane-induced neuronal injury by regulating PTEN expression and AKT pathway. Brain Res Bull 2020; 168:89-99. [PMID: 33370590 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isoflurane (ISO) is an anesthesia and can result in neuron injury. A previous study has indicated that microRNA-302b-3p (miR-302b-3p) exerts a crucial function in modulating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage-induced neuronal injury. We sought to examine the role of miR-302b-3p in ISO-induced neuronal injury. In the present study, the effects of miR-302b-3p on ISO-induced neuron injury were investigated by MTT and TUNEL assays. We discovered that ISO stimulation led to miR-302b-3p upregulation and neuronal injury. MiR-302b-3p silencing exerted protective effects against ISO induced neuronal injury. In addition, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was a direct downstream target gene of miR-302b-3p. MiR-302b-3p targets the 3'UTR of PTEN to inhibit its mRNA expression, and further reduces its protein expression. Silencing of PTEN partially reversed the protecting effects of silenced miR-302b-3p on ISO-induced injury of hippocampal neurons. Further, miR-302b-3p activated the AKT signaling pathway in neurons exposed to ISO by downregulation of PTEN. Finally, in vivo studies revealed that silencing of miR-302b-3p alleviates ISO-induced injury and spatial memory impairment of rats partly by upregulation of PTEN. Overall, our findings indicated that miR-302b-3p targets PTEN to activate the AKT pathway, and silencing of miR-302b-3p plays a neuroprotective role in ISO-induced neuronal injury by the PTEN/AKT pathway, suggesting miR-302b-3p as a crucial target for ISO-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaodi Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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163
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Enriched conditioning expands the regenerative ability of sensory neurons after spinal cord injury via neuronal intrinsic redox signaling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6425. [PMID: 33349630 PMCID: PMC7752916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the restricted axonal regenerative ability that limits functional repair following a central nervous system injury remains a challenge. Here we report a regenerative paradigm that we call enriched conditioning, which combines environmental enrichment (EE) followed by a conditioning sciatic nerve axotomy that precedes a spinal cord injury (SCI). Enriched conditioning significantly increases the regenerative ability of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons compared to EE or a conditioning injury alone, propelling axon growth well beyond the spinal injury site. Mechanistically, we established that enriched conditioning relies on the unique neuronal intrinsic signaling axis PKC-STAT3-NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), enhancing redox signaling as shown by redox proteomics in DRG. Finally, NOX2 conditional deletion or overexpression respectively blocked or phenocopied enriched conditioning-dependent axon regeneration after SCI leading to improved functional recovery. These studies provide a paradigm that drives the regenerative ability of sensory neurons offering a potential redox-dependent regenerative model for mechanistic and therapeutic discoveries. Pre conditioning injury or environmental enrichment have been shown to promote axon regeneration. Here the authors show that environmental enrichment, combined with preconditioning injury promotes regeneration via a redox signalling dependent mechanism.
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164
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Luo W, Wang Y, Lin F, Liu Y, Gu R, Liu W, Xiao C. Selenium-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Efficiently Ameliorate Secondary Spinal Cord Injury via Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10113-10125. [PMID: 33363370 PMCID: PMC7754097 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s282985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) has been identified as a leading cause of secondary injury, which can significantly exacerbate acute damage in the injured spinal cord. Thus, scavenging of ROS has emerged as an effective route to ameliorate secondary spinal cord injury. Purpose Selenium-doped carbon quantum dots (Se-CQDs) with the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species were prepared and used for efficiently ameliorating secondary injury in TSCI. Methods Water-soluble Se-CQDs were easily synthesized via hydrothermal treatment of l-selenocystine. The chemical structure, size, and morphology of the Se-CQDs were characterized in detail. The biocompatibility and protective effects of the Se-CQDs against H2O2-induced oxidative damage were investigated in vitro. Moreover, the behavioral test, bladder function, histological observation, Western blot were used to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Se-CQDs in a rat model of contusion TSCI. Results The obtained Se-CQDs exhibited good biocompatibility and remarkable protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in astrocytes and PC12 cells. Moreover, Se-CQDs displayed marked anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, which thereby reduced the formation of glial scars and increased the survival of neurons with unscathed myelin sheaths in vivo. As a result, Se-CQDs were capable of largely improving locomotor function of rats with TSCI. Conclusion This study suggests that Se-CQDs can be used as a promising therapeutic platform for ameliorating secondary injury in TSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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165
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Lago-Baldaia I, Fernandes VM, Ackerman SD. More Than Mortar: Glia as Architects of Nervous System Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:611269. [PMID: 33381506 PMCID: PMC7767919 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are an essential component of the nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. In the human brain, glia are as numerous as neurons, yet the importance of glia to nearly every aspect of nervous system development has only been expounded over the last several decades. Glia are now known to regulate neural specification, synaptogenesis, synapse function, and even broad circuit function. Given their ubiquity, it is not surprising that the contribution of glia to neuronal disease pathogenesis is a growing area of research. In this review, we will summarize the accumulated evidence of glial participation in several distinct phases of nervous system development and organization-neural specification, circuit wiring, and circuit function. Finally, we will highlight how these early developmental roles of glia contribute to nervous system dysfunction in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Lago-Baldaia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vilaiwan M. Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah D. Ackerman
- Institute of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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166
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Jing Y, Bai F, Yu Y. Spinal cord injury and gut microbiota: A review. Life Sci 2020; 266:118865. [PMID: 33301807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), intestinal dysfunction has a serious impact on physical and mental health, quality of life, and social participation. Recent data from rodent and human studies indicated that SCI causes gut dysbiosis. Remodeling gut microbiota could be beneficial for the recovery of intestinal function and motor function after SCI. However, few studies have explored SCI with focus on the gut microbiota and "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. In this review, the complications following SCI, including intestinal dysfunction, anxiety and depression, metabolic disorders, and neuropathic pain, are directly or indirectly related to gut dysbiosis, which may be mediated by "gut-brain" interactions. Furthermore, we discuss the research strategies that can be beneficial in this regard, including germ-free animals, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, phages, and brain imaging techniques. The current microbial research has shifted from descriptive to mechanismal perspective, and future research using new technologies may further demonstrate the pathophysiological mechanism of association of SCI with gut microbiota, elucidate the mode of interaction of gut microbiota and hosts, and help develop personalized microbiota-targeted therapies and drugs based on microbiota or corresponding metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China.
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167
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Abstract
Over the last decade, our understanding of the physiological role of senescent cells has drastically evolved, from merely indicators of cellular stress and ageing to having a central role in regeneration and repair. Increasingly, studies have identified senescent cells and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) as being critical in the regenerative process following injury; however, the timing and context at which the senescence programme is activated can lead to distinct outcomes. For example, a transient induction of senescent cells followed by rapid clearance at the early stages following injury promotes repair, while the long-term accumulation of senescent cells impairs tissue function and can lead to organ failure. A key role of the SASP is the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury and the subsequent elimination of senescent cells. Among these cell types are macrophages, which have well-documented regulatory roles in all stages of regeneration and repair. However, while the role of senescent cells and macrophages in this process is starting to be explored, the specific interactions between these cell types and how these are important in the different stages of injury/reparative response still require further investigation. In this review, we consider the current literature regarding the interaction of these cell types, how their cooperation is important for regeneration and repair, and what questions remain to be answered to advance the field.
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168
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Farzaneh M, Anbiyaiee A, Khoshnam SE. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:135-143. [PMID: 31656156 DOI: 10.2174/1574362414666191018121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) as a serious public health issue and neurological insult is one of the most severe cause of long-term disability. To date, a variety of techniques have been widely developed to treat central nervous system injury. Currently, clinical treatments are limited to surgical decompression and pharmacotherapy. Because of their negative effects and inefficiency, novel therapeutic approaches are required in the management of SCI. Improvement and innovation of stem cell-based therapies have a huge potential for biological and future clinical applications. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are defined by their abilities to divide asymmetrically, self-renew and ultimately differentiate into various cell lineages. There are considerable research efforts to use various types of stem cells, such as ESCs, neural stem cells (NSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of patients with SCI. Moreover, the use of patient-specific iPSCs holds great potential as an unlimited cell source for generating in vivo models of SCI. In this review, we focused on the potential of hPSCs in treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Anbiyaiee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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169
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Cheng L, Sami A, Ghosh B, Urban MW, Heinsinger NM, Liang SS, Smith GM, Wright MC, Li S, Lepore AC. LAR inhibitory peptide promotes recovery of diaphragm function and multiple forms of respiratory neural circuit plasticity after cervical spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105153. [PMID: 33127470 PMCID: PMC7726004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), up-regulated in and around the lesion after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), are key extracellular matrix inhibitory molecules that limit axon growth and consequent recovery of function. CSPG-mediated inhibition occurs via interactions with axonal receptors, including leukocyte common antigen- related (LAR) phosphatase. We tested the effects of a novel LAR inhibitory peptide in rats after hemisection at cervical level 2, a SCI model in which bulbospinal inspiratory neural circuitry originating in the medullary rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) becomes disconnected from phrenic motor neuron (PhMN) targets in cervical spinal cord, resulting in persistent partial-to-complete diaphragm paralysis. LAR peptide was delivered by a soaked gelfoam, which was placed directly over the injury site immediately after C2 hemisection and replaced at 1 week post-injury. Axotomized rVRG axons originating in ipsilateral medulla or spared rVRG fibers originating in contralateral medulla were separately assessed by anterograde tracing via AAV2-mCherry injection into rVRG. At 8 weeks post-hemisection, LAR peptide significantly improved ipsilateral hemidiaphragm function, as assessed in vivo with electromyography recordings. LAR peptide promoted robust regeneration of ipsilateral-originating rVRG axons into and through the lesion site and into intact caudal spinal cord to reach PhMNs located at C3-C5 levels. Furthermore, regenerating rVRG axons re-established putative monosynaptic connections with their PhMNs targets. In addition, LAR peptide stimulated robust sprouting of both modulatory serotonergic axons and contralateral-originating rVRG fibers within the PhMN pool ipsilateral/ caudal to the hemisection. Our study demonstrates that targeting LAR-based axon growth inhibition promotes multiple forms of respiratory neural circuit plasticity and provides a new peptide-based therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the devastating respiratory consequences of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Armin Sami
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Biswarup Ghosh
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Mark W Urban
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Nicolette M Heinsinger
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Sophia S Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - George M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals for Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140-5104, United States of America
| | - Megan C Wright
- Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA 19038, United States of America
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shriners Hospitals for Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140-5104, United States of America
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America.
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170
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Zhang Y, Li L, Mu J, Chen J, Feng S, Gao J. Implantation of a functional TEMPO-hydrogel induces recovery from rat spinal cord transection through promoting nerve regeneration and protecting bladder tissue. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1695-1701. [PMID: 31989134 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01530b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is one of the most serious traumatic diseases. The current available clinical therapies are unable to provide effective recovery of nerve functions. Implantation of biomaterial scaffolds is a promising approach to bridge the damaged nerve tissue in the absence of the extracellular matrix. However, the treatments have been impaired by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the microenvironment of acute spinal cord injury. Efficient delivery of antioxidants and biocompatible materials and reagents has been a challenge. Herein, a novel hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel functionalized with the antioxidant compound 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) is fabricated for nerve tissue regeneration after serious spinal cord transection in rats. TEMPO is tethered onto HA chains to form HA-TEMPO through a Schiff base reaction between 4-amino-TEMPO and aldehyde modified HA chains. The TEMPO-hydrogel is constructed with a highly porous three-dimensional structure via the gelation between the residue aldehydes in HA-TEMPO and the amines in adipic dihydrazide modified HA. The functional TEMPO-hydrogel exhibits the antioxidant effect in an H2O2 simulated in vitro peroxidative microenvironment. Implantation of the functional hydrogel in vivo induces a significant motor function restoration, which could be attributed to the effective functions of the TEMPO-hydrogel in tissue reconnection as well as nerve fiber regeneration of the central nervous spinal cord tissue. Importantly, the treatment with the TEMPO-hydrogel effectively protects the bladder tissue from neurogenic damage. Therefore, the functional TEMPO-hydrogel provides a promising strategy for the treatment of central nervous system diseases through the antioxidant and lesion-bridging regulation of the pathological microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liming Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Mu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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171
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Qi HX, Liao CC, Reed JL, Kaas JH. Reorganization of Higher-Order Somatosensory Cortex After Sensory Loss from Hand in Squirrel Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4347-4365. [PMID: 30590401 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral dorsal column lesions (DCL) at the cervical spinal cord deprive the hand regions of somatosensory cortex of tactile activation. However, considerable cortical reactivation occurs over weeks to months of recovery. While most studies focused on the reactivation of primary somatosensory area 3b, here, for the first time, we address how the higher-order somatosensory cortex reactivates in the same monkeys after DCL that vary across cases in completeness, post-lesion recovery times, and types of treatments. We recorded neural responses to tactile stimulation in areas 3a, 3b, 1, secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), parietal ventral (PV), and occasionally areas 2/5. Our analysis emphasized comparisons of the responsiveness, somatotopy, and receptive field size between areas 3b, 1, and S2/PV across DCL conditions and recovery times. The results indicate that the extents of the reactivation in higher-order somatosensory areas 1 and S2/PV closely reflect the reactivation in primary somatosensory cortex. Responses in higher-order areas S2 and PV can be stronger than those in area 3b, thus suggesting converging or alternative sources of inputs. The results also provide evidence that both primary and higher-order fields are effectively activated after long recovery times as well as after behavioral and electrocutaneous stimulation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xin Qi
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chia-Chi Liao
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamie L Reed
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jon H Kaas
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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172
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Yang T, Xing L, Yu W, Cai Y, Cui S, Chen G. Astrocytic reprogramming combined with rehabilitation strategy improves recovery from spinal cord injury. FASEB J 2020; 34:15504-15515. [PMID: 32975845 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001657rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), the irreversible loss of neurons and the dense glial scar are two of the leading causes of axon regeneration failure. The adult mammalian spinal cord lacks the ability to spontaneously produce new neurons, making it a key challenge to provide new neurons for spinal cord regeneration. Additionally, the dual role of the glial scar (both inhibitory and protective) makes it difficult to manipulate it for therapeutic purposes. In this study, using a single transcription factor Sry-related HMG-box 2 (Sox2) delivered by adeno-associated virus (AAV), we reprogrammed some of the astrocytes targeted by the viral vectors in the glial scar into neurons in a severe SCI model. We show that this astrocytic reprogramming alone can propel axon regeneration by not only replenishing the lost neurons, but also moderately reducing the density of the glial scar without interrupting its integrity. Beyond that, astrocytic reprogramming can significantly improve functional recovery when combined with running wheel rehabilitation, which provides use-dependent plasticity. These findings may provide us with a new idea for how to manipulate the glial scar and a promising therapeutic strategy that combines biological intervention with a rehabilitation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lingyan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yunyun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shusen Cui
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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173
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Sofroniew MV. Astrocyte Reactivity: Subtypes, States, and Functions in CNS Innate Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:758-770. [PMID: 32819810 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that ubiquitously tile the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to playing essential roles in healthy tissue, astrocytes exhibit an evolutionarily ancient response to all CNS insults, referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Long regarded as passive and homogeneous, astrocyte reactivity is being revealed as a heterogeneous and functionally powerful component of mammalian CNS innate immunity. Nevertheless, concepts about what astrocyte reactivity comprises and what it does are incomplete and sometimes controversial. This review discusses the goal of differentiating reactive astrocyte subtypes and states based on composite pictures of molecular expression, cell morphology, cellular interactions, proliferative state, normal functions, and disease-induced dysfunctions. A working model and conceptual framework is presented for characterizing the diversity of astrocyte reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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174
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You R, Zhang Q, Li X, Yan S, Luo Z, Qu J, Li M. Multichannel Bioactive Silk Nanofiber Conduits Direct and Enhance Axonal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4677-4686. [PMID: 33455191 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
After a spinal cord injury, axonal regeneration over long distances is challenging due to the lack of physical guidance cues and bioactive signals. In this study, a multichannel bioactive silk fibroin nanofiber conduit was fabricated to improve spinal cord injury repair by enhancing axonal regeneration. The conduit was composed of longitudinally oriented silk fibroin nanofibers and then functionalized with laminin. In vitro, the bioactive conduits could promote neuron-like development and directional neurite extension of PC12 cells by providing a bioactive stimulus and physical guidance. In a spinal cord injury model in Sprague-Dawley rats, the biofunctionalized conduits displayed superior integration with the host tissue due to enhanced cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth. The glial scar was significantly reduced, allowing axonal ingrowth along with the channel direction. Compared to a single-channel conduit, the multichannel conduit improved spinal cord regeneration by boosting tissue ingrowth and axonal regeneration, indicating that the conduit architectures play critical roles in spinal cord regeneration. These silk fibroin conduits, along with the multichannel architecture, nanoscale cues, and the ability to bind bioactive compounds, represent promising candidates for spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchuan You
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xiufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shuqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zuwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jing Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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175
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Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Nägele F, Graber M, Pölzl L, Lobenwein D, Hirsch J, An A, Irschick R, Röhrs B, Kremser C, Hackl H, Huber R, Venezia S, Hercher D, Fritsch H, Bonaros N, Stefanova N, Tancevski I, Meyer D, Grimm M, Holfeld J. Shock waves promote spinal cord repair via TLR3. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134552. [PMID: 32759498 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a devastating condition with poor prognosis and very limited treatment options. Affected patients are severely restricted in their daily activities. Shock wave therapy (SWT) has shown potent regenerative properties in bone fractures, wounds, and ischemic myocardium via activation of the innate immune receptor TLR3. Here, we report on the efficacy of SWT for regeneration of SCI. SWT improved motor function and decreased lesion size in WT but not Tlr3-/- mice via inhibition of neuronal degeneration and IL6-dependent recruitment and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. Both SWT and TLR3 stimulation enhanced neuronal sprouting and improved neuronal survival, even in human spinal cord cultures. We identified tlr3 as crucial enhancer of spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. Our findings indicate that TLR3 signaling is involved in neuroprotection and spinal cord repair and suggest that TLR3 stimulation via SWT could become a potent regenerative treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Graber
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and.,Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leo Pölzl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and.,Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Lobenwein
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and.,Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Regina Irschick
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Röhrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology/Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Serena Venezia
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Fritsch
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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176
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Sun W, Larson MJ, Kiyoshi CM, Annett AJ, Stalker WA, Peng J, Tedeschi A. Gabapentinoid treatment promotes corticospinal plasticity and regeneration following murine spinal cord injury. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:345-358. [PMID: 31793909 DOI: 10.1172/jci130391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration failure causes neurological deficits and long-term disability after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we found that the α2δ2 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels negatively regulates axon growth and regeneration of corticospinal neurons, the cells that originate the corticospinal tract. Increased α2δ2 expression in corticospinal neurons contributed to loss of corticospinal regrowth ability during postnatal development and after SCI. In contrast, α2δ2 pharmacological blockade through gabapentin administration promoted corticospinal structural plasticity and regeneration in adulthood. Using an optogenetic strategy combined with in vivo electrophysiological recording, we demonstrated that regenerating corticospinal axons functionally integrate into spinal circuits. Mice administered gabapentin recovered upper extremity function after cervical SCI. Importantly, such recovery relies on reorganization of the corticospinal pathway, as chemogenetic silencing of injured corticospinal neurons transiently abrogated recovery. Thus, targeting α2δ2 with a clinically relevant treatment strategy aids repair of motor circuits after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Peng
- Center for Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center.,Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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177
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Fischer I, Dulin JN, Lane MA. Transplanting neural progenitor cells to restore connectivity after spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:366-383. [PMID: 32518349 PMCID: PMC8384139 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury remains a scientific and therapeutic challenge with great cost to individuals and society. The goal of research in this field is to find a means of restoring lost function. Recently we have seen considerable progress in understanding the injury process and the capacity of CNS neurons to regenerate, as well as innovations in stem cell biology. This presents an opportunity to develop effective transplantation strategies to provide new neural cells to promote the formation of new neuronal networks and functional connectivity. Past and ongoing clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of cell therapy, and preclinical research has used models of spinal cord injury to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which donor cells interact with the host and thus increase long-term efficacy. While a variety of cell therapies have been explored, we focus here on the use of neural progenitor cells obtained or derived from different sources to promote connectivity in sensory, motor and autonomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Fischer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Dulin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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178
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Yang B, Zhang F, Cheng F, Ying L, Wang C, Shi K, Wang J, Xia K, Gong Z, Huang X, Yu C, Li F, Liang C, Chen Q. Strategies and prospects of effective neural circuits reconstruction after spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:439. [PMID: 32513969 PMCID: PMC7280216 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the disconnection of surviving neural elements after spinal cord injury (SCI), such patients had to suffer irreversible loss of motor or sensory function, and thereafter enormous economic and emotional burdens were brought to society and family. Despite many strategies being dealing with SCI, there is still no effective regenerative therapy. To date, significant progress has been made in studies of SCI repair strategies, including gene regulation of neural regeneration, cell or cell-derived exosomes and growth factors transplantation, repair of biomaterials, and neural signal stimulation. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and multifaceted, and its mechanisms and processes are incompletely understood. Thus, combinatorial therapies have been demonstrated to be more effective, and lead to better neural circuits reconstruction and functional recovery. Combinations of biomaterials, stem cells, growth factors, drugs, and exosomes have been widely developed. However, simply achieving axon regeneration will not spontaneously lead to meaningful functional recovery. Therefore, the formation and remodeling of functional neural circuits also depend on rehabilitation exercises, such as exercise training, electrical stimulation (ES) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). In this review, we summarize the recent progress in biological and engineering strategies for reconstructing neural circuits and promoting functional recovery after SCI, and emphasize current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhe Gong
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Cao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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179
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Zhou Z, Tian X, Mo B, Xu H, Zhang L, Huang L, Yao S, Huang Z, Wang Y, Xie H, Xu L, Zhang H. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alleviates spinal cord injury-induced neuroinflammation partly by suppressing the Jagged1/Notch pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:212. [PMID: 32493480 PMCID: PMC7268310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) transplantation have been demonstrated in several models of central nervous system (CNS) injury and are thought to involve the modulation of the inflammatory response. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Activation of the Jagged1/Notch signaling pathway is thought to involve inflammatory and gliotic events in the CNS. Here, we elucidated the effect of ADSC transplantation on the inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury (SCI) and the potential mechanism mediated by Jagged1/Notch signaling pathway suppression. METHODS To evaluate the therapeutic effects of ADSC treatment and the potential inhibitory effects of ADSCs on Notch signaling, mice were subjected to contusion SCI, and GFP-labeled ADSCs were injected into the lesion site immediately after the injury. Locomotor function, spinal cord tissue morphology, and the levels of Notch-related proteins and proinflammatory transcripts were compared between groups. To validate the hypothesis that the therapeutic effects of ADSCs are partly due to Notch1 signaling inhibition, a Jagged1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was injected into the spinal cord to knock down Jagged1/Notch signaling. Neuronal staining and analyses of microglia/macrophage activation and signaling pathways were performed. RESULTS We demonstrated that ADSCs survived in the injured spinal cord for at least 28 days without differentiating into glial or neuronal elements. ADSC treatment resulted in significant downregulation of proinflammatory mediator expression and reduced ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) and ED-1 staining in the injured spinal cord, eventually improving functional recovery. The augmentation of the Jagged1/Notch signaling pathway after SCI was suppressed by ADSC transplantation. The inhibition of the Jagged1/Notch signaling pathway by Jagged1 siRNA resulted in decreases in SCI-induced proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of microglia and an increase in the survival of neurons. Furthermore, Jagged1 knockdown suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK/STAT3 in astrocytes following SCI. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of ADSCs in SCI mice were partly due to Jagged1/Notch signaling pathway inhibition and a subsequent reduction in JAK/STAT3 phosphorylation in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilai Zhou
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Tian
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biling Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Liwan Central Hospital of Gaungzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishan Huang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun Yao
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Huang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeyang Wang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Xie
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Spine Department, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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180
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Liu W, Xu B, Xue W, Yang B, Fan Y, Chen B, Xiao Z, Xue X, Sun Z, Shu M, Zhang Q, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Dai J. A functional scaffold to promote the migration and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells for spinal cord injury repair. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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181
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Wang W, Su Y, Tang S, Li H, Xie W, Chen J, Shen L, Pan X, Ning B. Identification of noncoding RNA expression profiles and regulatory interaction networks following traumatic spinal cord injury by sequence analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2352-2368. [PMID: 30998503 PMCID: PMC6520015 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To systematically profile and characterize the noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression pattern in the lesion epicenter of spinal tissues after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and predicted the structure and potential functions of the regulatory networks associated with these differentially expressed ncRNAs and mRNAs. Results: A total of 498 circRNAs, 458 lncRNAs, 155 miRNAs and 1203 mRNAs were identified in TSCI mice models to be differentially expressed. The regulatory networks associated with these differentially expressed ncRNAs and mRNAs were constructed. Materials and methods: We used RNA-Seq, Gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway analysis and co-expression network analyses to profle the expression and regulation patterns of noncoding RNAs and mRNAs of mice models after TSCI. The findings were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Luciferase assay. Conclusion: noncoding RNAs might play important roles via the competing endogenous RNA regulation pattern after TSCI, further findings arising from this study will not only expand the understanding of potential ncRNA biomarkers but also help guide therapeutic strategies for TSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wang
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlin Su
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinda Pan
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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182
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Zavvarian MM, Hong J, Fehlings MG. The Functional Role of Spinal Interneurons Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:127. [PMID: 32528250 PMCID: PMC7247430 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) impedes signal transmission by disrupting both the local neurons and their surrounding synaptic connections. Although the majority of SCI patients retain spared neural tissue at the injury site, they predominantly suffer from complete autonomic and sensorimotor dysfunction. While there have been significant advances in the characterization of the spared neural tissue following SCI, the functional role of injury-induced interneuronal plasticity remains elusive. In healthy individuals, spinal interneurons are responsible for relaying signals to coordinate both sympathetic and parasympathetic functions. However, the spontaneous synaptic loss following injury alters these intricate interneuronal networks in the spinal cord. Here, we propose the synaptopathy hypothesis of SCI based on recent findings regarding the maladaptive role of synaptic changes amongst the interneurons. These maladaptive consequences include circuit inactivation, neuropathic pain, spasticity, and autonomic dysreflexia. Recent preclinical advances have uncovered the therapeutic potential of spinal interneurons in activating the dormant relay circuits to restore sensorimotor function. This review will survey the diverse role of spinal interneurons in SCI pathogenesis as well as treatment strategies to target spinal interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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183
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Hutson TH, Kathe C, Palmisano I, Bartholdi K, Hervera A, De Virgiliis F, McLachlan E, Zhou L, Kong G, Barraud Q, Danzi MC, Medrano-Fernandez A, Lopez-Atalaya JP, Boutillier AL, Sinha SH, Singh AK, Chaturbedy P, Moon LDF, Kundu TK, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Barco A, Courtine G, Di Giovanni S. Cbp-dependent histone acetylation mediates axon regeneration induced by environmental enrichment in rodent spinal cord injury models. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/487/eaaw2064. [PMID: 30971452 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
After a spinal cord injury, axons fail to regenerate in the adult mammalian central nervous system, leading to permanent deficits in sensory and motor functions. Increasing neuronal activity after an injury using electrical stimulation or rehabilitation can enhance neuronal plasticity and result in some degree of recovery; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We found that placing mice in an enriched environment before an injury enhanced the activity of proprioceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons, leading to a lasting increase in their regenerative potential. This effect was dependent on Creb-binding protein (Cbp)-mediated histone acetylation, which increased the expression of genes associated with the regenerative program. Intraperitoneal delivery of a small-molecule activator of Cbp at clinically relevant times promoted regeneration and sprouting of sensory and motor axons, as well as recovery of sensory and motor functions in both the mouse and rat model of spinal cord injury. Our findings showed that the increased regenerative capacity induced by enhancing neuronal activity is mediated by epigenetic reprogramming in rodent models of spinal cord injury. Understanding the mechanisms underlying activity-dependent neuronal plasticity led to the identification of potential molecular targets for improving recovery after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Hutson
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Claudia Kathe
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Palmisano
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kay Bartholdi
- Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesco De Virgiliis
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eilidh McLachlan
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luming Zhou
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Guiping Kong
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Quentin Barraud
- Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matt C Danzi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alejandro Medrano-Fernandez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose P Lopez-Atalaya
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Anne L Boutillier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7364, Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarmistha H Sinha
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Akash K Singh
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Piyush Chaturbedy
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, JNCASR, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Lawrence D F Moon
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - John L Bixby
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernandez Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gregoire Courtine
- Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Centre for Restorative Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK. .,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
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184
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Yuan Q, Liu X, Xian YF, Yao M, Zhang X, Huang P, Wu W, Lin ZX. Satellite glia activation in dorsal root ganglion contributes to mechanical allodynia after selective motor fiber injury in adult rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110187. [PMID: 32361638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that activation of satellite glia cells (SGCs) in sensory ganglia play important roles in the development of neuropathic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of SGC activation in a novel model of motor nerve injury induced pain hypersensitivity. The neuropathic pain model was established by cervical 8 ventral root avulsion (C8VA). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was used as a marker of SGC activation. Unilateral C8VA resulted in mechanical allodynia, but not thermal hyperalgesia in bilateral paws. Expectedly, SGCs were robustly activated on as early as 1 day and persisted for at least 7 days in the ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of C6, C7 and C8 after C8VA. Double immunofluorescence showed that almost all the activated SGCs enveloped neurofilament 200 (NF200) positive myelinated neurons in DRG. Local application of fluorocitrate (FC), a glial metabolism inhibitor, significantly decreased the number of activated SGCs and alleviated bilateral mechanical allodynia. These results suggest that SGC activation contributed to ipsilateral and mirror-image pain hypersensitivity after C8VA. Inhibition of SGC activation represented a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of neuropathic pain following brachial plexus root avulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengyun Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
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185
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Kaplan B, Merdler U, Szklanny AA, Redenski I, Guo S, Bar-Mucha Z, Michael N, Levenberg S. Rapid prototyping fabrication of soft and oriented polyester scaffolds for axonal guidance. Biomaterials 2020; 251:120062. [PMID: 32388032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters have been extensively used for preparation of nerve guidance scaffolds, due to their high biocompatibility and defined degradation periods. However, conventional methods for fabrication of porous polyester scaffolds provide limited control over shape and micro-architecture. Here, a fabrication procedure based on 3D printing was developed to generate highly ordered and anatomically personalized, polyester scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration. Scaffolds composed of Poly-lactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) were specifically customized for nerve injuries. This was obtained by using an oriented multi-layer printing pattern which established a linear structure in the fabricated scaffolds to match the aligned topography of nerve tissues. The oriented scaffold was shown to guide regenerating axons to linear conformations and support growth of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons in vitro and in vivo in a model of spinal cord injury. The described scaffolds may advance the field of nerve regeneration. Furthermore, modifications could be integrated to generate soft implants for various types of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Bruce Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Merdler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ariel A Szklanny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shaowei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zemach Bar-Mucha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Bruce Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noah Michael
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Bruce Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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186
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Zavvarian MM, Toossi A, Khazaei M, Hong J, Fehlings M. Novel innovations in cell and gene therapies for spinal cord injury. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32399196 PMCID: PMC7194487 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21989.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to chronic and multifaceted disability, which severely impacts the physical and mental health as well as the socio-economic status of affected individuals. Permanent disabilities following SCI result from the failure of injured neurons to regenerate and rebuild functional connections with their original targets. Inhibitory factors present in the SCI microenvironment and the poor intrinsic regenerative capacity of adult spinal cord neurons are obstacles for regeneration and functional recovery. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in developing cell and molecular approaches to enable the regeneration of damaged spinal cord tissue. In this review, we highlight several potent cell-based approaches and genetic manipulation strategies (gene therapy) that are being investigated to reconstruct damaged or lost spinal neural circuits and explore emerging novel combinatorial approaches for enhancing recovery from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amirali Toossi
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Fehlings
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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187
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Wu Y, Gao Q, Zhu S, Wu Q, Zhu R, Zhong H, Xing C, Qu H, Wang D, Li B, Ning G, Feng S. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound regulates proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells through notch signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:793-798. [PMID: 32268957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is widely used to regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the effect of LIPUS stimulation on neural stem cells (NSCs) is not well documented. In this study, we have identified the optimal parameters, and investigated the cellular mechanisms of LIPUS to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in vitro. NSCs were obtained and identified by nestin immunostaining. The proliferation of NSCs were measured by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expressions of nutritional factors (NTFs) were detected with immunoassay (ELISA). NSCs differentiation were detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analysis. The expression level of proteins involved in the Notch signaling pathway was also measured by immunoblotting assay. Our results showed the intensity of 69.3 mW/cm2 (1 MHz, 8 V) was applicable for LIPUS stimulation. ELISA analysis demonstrated that LIPUS treatment promoted the expression of nutritional factors of NSCs in vitro. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses suggested that the LIPUS not only reduced the astrocyte differentiation, but also stimulated the differentiation to neurons. Additionally, LIPUS stimulation significantly upregulated expression level of Notch1 and Hes1. Results from our study suggest that LIPUS triggers NSCs proliferation and differentiation by modulating the Notch signaling pathway. This study implies LIPUS as a potential and promising therapeutic platform for the optimization of stem cells and enable noninvasive neuromodulation for central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Cong Xing
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Haodong Qu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No.154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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188
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Han Q, Xie Y, Ordaz JD, Huh AJ, Huang N, Wu W, Liu N, Chamberlain KA, Sheng ZH, Xu XM. Restoring Cellular Energetics Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Metab 2020; 31:623-641.e8. [PMID: 32130884 PMCID: PMC7188478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is a highly energy-demanding process. Extrinsic insults and intrinsic restrictions lead to an energy crisis in injured axons, raising the question of whether recovering energy deficits facilitates regeneration. Here, we reveal that enhancing axonal mitochondrial transport by deleting syntaphilin (Snph) recovers injury-induced mitochondrial depolarization. Using three CNS injury mouse models, we demonstrate that Snph-/- mice display enhanced corticospinal tract (CST) regeneration passing through a spinal cord lesion, accelerated regrowth of monoaminergic axons across a transection gap, and increased compensatory sprouting of uninjured CST. Notably, regenerated CST axons form functional synapses and promote motor functional recovery. Administration of the bioenergetic compound creatine boosts CST regenerative capacity in Snph-/- mice. Our study provides mechanistic insights into intrinsic regeneration failure in CNS and suggests that enhancing mitochondrial transport and cellular energetics are promising strategies to promote regeneration and functional restoration after CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Josue D Ordaz
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J Huh
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Naikui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kelly A Chamberlain
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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189
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Byrne M. The Link between Autotomy and CNS Regeneration: Echinoderms as Non‐Model Species for Regenerative Biology. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900219. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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190
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Zhu S, Chen M, Chen M, Ye J, Ying Y, Wu Q, Dou H, Bai L, Mao F, Ni W, Yu K. Fibroblast Growth Factor 22 Inhibits ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Improves Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 32116697 PMCID: PMC7026669 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, inhibiting or reducing neuronal cell death is the main strategy to improve recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). Therapies using nerve growth factors to treat SCI mainly focused on reducing the area damaged by postinjury degeneration to promote functional recovery. In this report, we investigated the mechanism of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress-induced apoptosis and the protective action of fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) in vivo. Our results demonstrated that ER stress-induced apoptosis plays a significant role in injury of SCI model rats. FGF22 administration promoted recovery and increased neuron survival in the spinal cord lesions of model mice. The protective effect of FGF22 is related to decreased expression of CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein), GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78), caspase-12, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (Eif-2α) and Bad which are ER stress-induced apoptosis response proteins. Moreover, FGF22 administration also increased the number of neurons and the expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) which was related to axon regeneration. We also demonstrated that the protective effect of FGF22 effectively reduces neuronal apoptosis and promotes axonal regeneration. Our study first illustrated that the function of FGF22 is related to the inhibition of ER stress-induced cell death in SCI recovery via activation of downstream signals. This study also suggested a new tendency of FGF22 therapy development in central neural system injuries, which involved chronic ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengji Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yibo Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haicheng Dou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liyunian Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangmin Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kehe Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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191
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Wang P, Wang H, Ma K, Wang S, Yang C, Mu N, Yang F, Feng H, Chen T. Novel cytokine-loaded PCL-PEG scaffold composites for spinal cord injury repair. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6306-6314. [PMID: 35495987 PMCID: PMC9049693 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10385f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) always leads to permanent sensory and motor dysfunction. However, the therapeutic effects of current treatment methods, including high dose methylprednisolone, surgical interventions and rehabilitative care, are far from satisfactory. In recent years, cellular, molecular, tissue engineering and rehabilitative training have shown promising results in animal models. Poly-ε-caprolacton (PCL) - based hydrogel composite system has been considered as a promising strategy to direct the axon growth and mimic the properties of natural extracellular matrix. In this study, we found the addition of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the hydrogel induces the production of axon growth-supportive substrates. The addition of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to the hydrogel further induces axon directional growth. This "five-in-one" composite scaffold, referred to as PCL/PEG/FGF2/EGF/GDNF, improved the locomotor function in rats 8 weeks after spinal cord injury (SCI) after implantation in transected spinal cord. Furthermore, histological assessment indicated that the designed composite scaffold guided the neuronal regeneration and promoted the production of axon growth-supportive substrates, providing a favorable biological microenvironment. Our novel composite scaffold provides a promising therapeutic method for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pangbo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Hufei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Kang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ning Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
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192
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Zhu S, Chen M, Deng L, Zhang J, Ni W, Wang X, Yao F, Li X, Xu H, Xu J, Xiao J. The repair and autophagy mechanisms of hypoxia-regulated bFGF-modified primary embryonic neural stem cells in spinal cord injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:603-619. [PMID: 32027101 PMCID: PMC7180297 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no effective strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), a devastating condition characterized by severe hypoxia and ischemic insults. In this study, we investigated the histology and pathophysiology of the SCI milieu in a rat model and found that areas of hypoxia were unevenly interspersed in compressed SCI. With this new knowledge, we generated embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) expressing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) under the regulation of five hypoxia-responsive elements (5HRE) using a lentiviral vector (LV-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs) to specifically target these hypoxic loci. SCI models treated with bFGF expressed by the LV-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs viral vector demonstrated improved recovery, increased neuronal survival, and inhibited autophagy in spinal cord lesions in the rat model due to the reversal of hypoxic conditions at day 42 after injury. Furthermore, improved functional restoration of SCI with neuron regeneration was achieved in vivo, accompanied by glial scar inhibition and the evidence of axon regeneration across the scar boundary. This is the first study to illustrate the presence of hypoxic clusters throughout the injury site of compressed SCI and the first to show that the transplantation of LV-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs to target this hypoxic microenvironment enhanced the recovery of neurological function after SCI in rats; LV-5HRE-bFGF-NSCs may therefore be a good candidate to evaluate cellular SCI therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Molecular Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liancheng Deng
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Felix Yao
- Molecular Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Molecular Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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193
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Dravid A, Parittotokkaporn S, Aqrawe Z, O’Carroll SJ, Svirskis D. Determining Neurotrophin Gradients in Vitro To Direct Axonal Outgrowth Following Spinal Cord Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:121-132. [PMID: 31825204 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A spinal cord injury can damage neuronal connections required for both motor and sensory function. Barriers to regeneration within the central nervous system, including an absence of neurotrophic stimulation, impair the ability of injured neurons to reestablish their original circuitry. Exogenous neurotrophin administration has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and outgrowth following injury. The neurotrophins possess chemotrophic properties that guide axons toward the region of highest concentration. These growth factors have demonstrated potential to be used as a therapeutic intervention for orienting axonal growth beyond the injury lesion, toward denervated targets. However, the success of this approach is dependent on the appropriate spatiotemporal distribution of these molecules to ensure detection and navigation by the axonal growth cone. A number of in vitro gradient-based assays have been employed to investigate axonal response to neurotrophic gradients. Such platforms have helped elucidate the potential of applying a concentration gradient of neurotrophins to promote directed axonal regeneration toward a functionally significant target. Here, we review these techniques and the principles of gradient detection in axonal guidance, with particular focus on the use of neurotrophins to orient the trajectory of regenerating axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Dravid
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sam Parittotokkaporn
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zaid Aqrawe
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J. O’Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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194
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Liemersdorf C, Lichterfeld Y, Hemmersbach R, Hauslage J. The MAPHEUS module CellFix for studying the influence of altered gravity on the physiology of single cells. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:014101. [PMID: 32012597 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gravity is the only constant stimulus during the evolution of life. To investigate the impact of the absence of gravity on living systems, their molecular and morphological status has to be studied under microgravity conditions. The experiment unit CellFix was developed in order to provide the possibility of exposure and chemical fixation of small biological systems, such as neurons, stem cells, small animals, yeast cultures, plants, etc., at dedicated time points during a sounding rocket flight. The current version of CellFix consists of two culture bags containing cell cultures in a temperature-controlled pressure vessel. The biosystems in the culture bags can be fixed by pumping the fixative [e.g., paraformaldehyde (PFA), methanol, RNAlater, or others] from a connected bag into the cell suspension. The mechatronic basis of the experiment unit is constructed from compartments of the shelf parts. Open source microcontroller systems (Arduino) or gear pumps, accumulators, etc., from the model making sector are affordable and reliable components to build up an experiment on an unmanned space mission such as a sounding rocket flight. Also, new technologies such as fused deposition modeling were used to construct structures and brackets, which were tested successfully in environmental tests and real space flights (MAPHEUS 7 and 8 sounding rocket missions). In combination with the possibility to handle the experiment as a late access insert in a standardized rocket compartment, CellFix provides a multiusable experiment unit for performing life science experiments in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Liemersdorf
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yannick Lichterfeld
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Hauslage
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany
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195
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Li JH, Shi ZJ, Li Y, Pan B, Yuan SY, Shi LL, Hao Y, Cao FJ, Feng SQ. Bioinformatic identification of key candidate genes and pathways in axon regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:103-111. [PMID: 31535658 PMCID: PMC6862403 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish and human genomes are highly homologous; however, despite this genomic similarity, adult zebrafish can achieve neuronal proliferation, regeneration and functional restoration within 6–8 weeks after spinal cord injury, whereas humans cannot. To analyze differentially expressed zebrafish genes between axon-regenerated neurons and axon-non-regenerated neurons after spinal cord injury, and to explore the key genes and pathways of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury, microarray GSE56842 was analyzed using the online tool, GEO2R, in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction networks were used to analyze the identified differentially expressed genes. Finally, we screened for genes and pathways that may play a role in spinal cord injury repair in zebrafish and mammals. A total of 636 differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 255 up-regulated and 381 down-regulated differentially expressed genes in axon-regenerated neurons. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment results were also obtained. A protein-protein interaction network contained 480 node genes and 1976 node connections. We also obtained the 10 hub genes with the highest correlation and the two modules with the highest score. The results showed that spectrin may promote axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Transforming growth factor beta signaling may inhibit repair after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Focal adhesion or tight junctions may play an important role in the migration and proliferation of some cells, such as Schwann cells or neural progenitor cells, after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Bioinformatic analysis identified key candidate genes and pathways in axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish, providing targets for treatment of spinal cord injury in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-He Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Ju Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Yang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin-Lin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Jiang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
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196
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Li L, Xiao B, Mu J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Cao H, Chen R, Patra HK, Yang B, Feng S, Tabata Y, Slater NKH, Tang J, Shen Y, Gao J. A MnO 2 Nanoparticle-Dotted Hydrogel Promotes Spinal Cord Repair via Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Microenvironment and Synergizing with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14283-14293. [PMID: 31769966 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating injuries, and transplantation of stem cells in a scaffold is a promising strategy for treatment. However, stem cell treatment of SCI has been severely impaired by the increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the lesion microenvironment, which can lead to a high level of stem cell death and dysfunction. Herein, a MnO2 nanoparticle (NP)-dotted hydrogel is prepared through dispersion of MnO2 NPs in a PPFLMLLKGSTR peptide modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel. The peptide-modified hydrogel enables the adhesive growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and nerve tissue bridging. The MnO2 NPs alleviate the oxidative environment, thereby effectively improving the viability of MSCs. Transplantation of MSCs in the multifunctional gel generates a significant motor function restoration on a long-span rat spinal cord transection model and induces an in vivo integration as well as neural differentiation of the implanted MSCs, leading to a highly efficient regeneration of central nervous spinal cord tissue. Therefore, the MnO2 NP-dotted hydrogel represents a promising strategy for stem-cell-based therapies of central nervous system diseases through the comprehensive regulation of pathological microenvironment complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Bing Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jiafu Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus , London , SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Hirak Kumar Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 0SP , United Kingdom
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics , Tianjin Medical University General Hospital , Tianjin 300052 , China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System , Ministry of Education and Tianjin City , Tianjin 300052 , China
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 0SP , United Kingdom
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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197
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Muramatsu R. [Systemic millue regulate neuronal regeneration in the adult central nervous system]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:340-344. [PMID: 31787687 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation causes severe neurological dysfunction, such as motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. One of the reasons for the developing disease depends on the damage of neuronal network, a predominant feature of many CNS diseases. Therefore, protection and/or regeneration of damaged neuronal network after injury is considered to be useful for treating neurological diseases; however, the mechanism of protection and regeneration of neuronal network is not fully elucidated. In this paper, I describe our recent findings about the mechanism that disrupt and regenerate neuronal network by using animal model of multiple sclerosis. I also introduce the key molecules which is involved in inflammation, neurovascular interaction, and systemic regulation. These findings have a potential to contribute develop the new therapies for treating neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
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198
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Hutson TH, Di Giovanni S. The translational landscape in spinal cord injury: focus on neuroplasticity and regeneration. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:732-745. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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199
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Pearson CS, Solano AG, Tilve SM, Mencio CP, Martin KR, Geller HM. Spatiotemporal distribution of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after optic nerve injury in rodents. Exp Eye Res 2019; 190:107859. [PMID: 31705897 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the glial scar following acute damage to the central nervous system (CNS) limits the regeneration of injured axons. Given the rich diversity of CSPG core proteins and patterns of GAG sulfation, identifying the composition of these CSPGs is essential for understanding their roles in injury and repair. Differential expression of core proteins and sulfation patterns have been characterized in the brain and spinal cord of mice and rats, but a comprehensive study of these changes following optic nerve injury has not yet been performed. Here, we show that the composition of CSPGs in the optic nerve and retina following optic nerve crush (ONC) in mice and rats exhibits an increase in aggrecan, brevican, phosphacan, neurocan and versican, similar to changes following spinal cord injury. We also observe an increase in inhibitory 4-sulfated (4S) GAG chains, which suggests that the persistence of CSPGs in the glial scar opposes the growth of CNS axons, thereby contributing to the failure of regeneration and recovery of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Pearson
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea G Solano
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharada M Tilve
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin P Mencio
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keith R Martin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert M Geller
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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200
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Teng YD. Functional multipotency of stem cells: Biological traits gleaned from neural progeny studies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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