151
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Kamel A, Abuhegazy H, Ismaila A, Sherra K, Ramadan M, Mekky A, Al Nabawy A. The prevalence of obesity in a sample of Egyptian psychiatric patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-1105.195546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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152
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Armour C, Műllerová J, Fletcher S, Lagdon S, Burns CR, Robinson M, Robinson J. Assessing childhood maltreatment and mental health correlates of disordered eating profiles in a nationally representative sample of English females. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:383-93. [PMID: 26607728 PMCID: PMC4819599 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research suggests that childhood maltreatment is associated with the onset of eating disorders (ED). In turn, EDs are associated with alternative psychopathologies such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and with suicidality. Moreover, it has been reported that various ED profiles may exist. The aim of the current study was to examine the profiles of disordered eating and the associations of these with childhood maltreatment and with mental health psychopathology. METHODS The current study utilised a representative sample of English females (N = 4206) and assessed for the presence of disordered eating profiles using Latent Class Analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was implemented to examine the associations of childhood sexual and physical abuse with the disordered eating profiles and the associations of these with PTSD, depression and suicidality. RESULTS Results supported those of previous findings in that we found five latent classes of which three were regarded as disordered eating classes. Significant relationships were found between these and measures of childhood trauma and mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Childhood sexual and physical abuse increased the likelihood of membership in disordered eating classes and these in turn increased the likelihood of adverse mental health and suicidal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Jana Műllerová
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Shelley Fletcher
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Susan Lagdon
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Carol Rhonda Burns
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Martin Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Jake Robinson
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
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153
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Zghibi M, Ben Khlifa W, Werghi N, Selmi O. The effect of time of day on short-term maximal performance in obese and non-obese young men. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1134154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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154
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Gutiérrez-Bedmar M, Villalobos Martínez E, García-Rodríguez A, Muñoz-Bravo C, Mariscal A. Psychiatric Status across Body Mass Index in a Mediterranean Spanish Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145414. [PMID: 26684876 PMCID: PMC4686170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental and body weight disorders are among the major global health challenges, and their comorbidity may play an important role in treatment and prevention of both pathologies. A growing number of studies have examined the relationship between psychiatric status and body weight, but our knowledge is still limited. Objective The present study aims to investigate the cross-sectional relationships of psychiatric status and body mass index (BMI) in Málaga, a Mediterranean city in the South of Spain. Materials and Methods A total of 563 participants were recruited from those who came to his primary care physician, using a systematic random sampling, non-proportional stratified by BMI categories. Structured clinical interviews were used to assess current Axes-I and II mental disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). BMI was calculated as weight (Kg) divided by square of height in meters (m2). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between BMI and the presence of any mental disorder. BMI was introduced in the models using restricted cubic splines. Results We found that high BMI values were directly associated with mood and adjustment disorders, and low BMI values were directly associated with avoidant and dependent personality disorders (PDs). We observed an inverse relationship between low BMI values and cluster A PDs. There were not significant relationships between anxiety or substance-related disorders and BMI. Conclusion Psychiatric status and BMI are related in a Mediterranean Spanish population. A multidisciplinary approach to both pathologies becomes increasingly more necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gutiérrez-Bedmar
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Carlos Muñoz-Bravo
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Mariscal
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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155
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Mooney SJ, El-Sayed AM. Stigma and the etiology of depression among the obese: An agent-based exploration. Soc Sci Med 2015; 148:1-7. [PMID: 26638142 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and depression are comorbid more often than chance predicts. However, depression among the obese is more common in settings where obesity is less common. This suggests that body habitus norms and social stigmatization may play a role in the etiology of depression among the obese. METHODS We developed an agent-based social network model to explore mechanisms by which deviance from normative body habitus may contribute to social isolation in the obese. At each of 240 simulated months (20 years), each agent updated its body mass index based on environmental, peer influence, and stochastic factors. At each month, each agent was subject to social ostracization and consequent depression if its body mass index deviated from that of its peers and the network-wide mean. We compared risk of depression as a function of obesity and obesity norms through simulations of a high-obesity context simulating the US state of Mississippi and a low-obesity context simulating the US state of Colorado, then explored the relationship between global obesogenic forces and agent-specific resistance to the forces. RESULTS Over 1000 simulations in each context, 25 percent of obese agents in simulated Colorado were ever-depressed as compared to 21 percent in simulated Mississippi, although 10 percent overall were ever-depressed in both settings. High and low levels of resistance to obesogeneity prevented the most depression, whereas medium resistance levels were more depressogenic. CONCLUSIONS Social stigma and ostracization that occur as a consequence of deviance from body habitus norms may be a plausible mechanism by which weight stigma may influence depression in the obese. Public health interventions targeting individuals rather than obesogenic environments may modify body habitus norms with the unintended consequence of increasing stigma-based social isolation among those who remain obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Abdulrahman M El-Sayed
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th St, Room 505, New York, NY, USA.
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156
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Castelnuovo G, Pietrabissa G, Manzoni GM, Corti S, Ceccarini M, Borrello M, Giusti EM, Novelli M, Cattivelli R, Middleton NA, Simpson SG, Molinari E. Chronic care management of globesity: promoting healthier lifestyles in traditional and mHealth based settings. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1557. [PMID: 26528215 PMCID: PMC4606044 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and being overweight could be real chronic conditions above all if there are other complications such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and various psychosocial and psychopathological disorders. Due to the multifactorial etiology of obesity, evidence-based interventions to improve weight loss, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce related comorbidities combine different treatment approaches: dietetic, nutritional, physical, behavioral, psychological, and, in some situations, pharmacological and surgical. There are significant limitations in this multidisciplinary chronic care management of obesity, most notably those regarding costs and long-term adherence and efficacy. Programs including eHealth platforms and new technologies could overcome limitations connected to the traditional in-patient chronic care management of obesity, thus providing promising opportunities in enhancing weight reduction and reducing complications in terms of long-term efficacy and effectiveness across clinical, organizational, and economic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy ; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy ; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy ; Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University , Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University of Bergamo , Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martina Ceccarini
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University of Bergamo , Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Borrello
- Department of Psychology, University of Bergamo , Bergamo, Italy
| | - Emanuele M Giusti
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Novelli
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Nicole A Middleton
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan G Simpson
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Ospedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy ; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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157
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Bliddal M, Pottegård A, Kirkegaard H, Olsen J, Jørgensen JS, Sørensen TIA, Wu C, Nohr EA. Mental disorders in motherhood according to prepregnancy BMI and pregnancy-related weight changes--A Danish cohort study. J Affect Disord 2015; 183:322-9. [PMID: 26047960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown an association between prepregnancy BMI and postpartum depression, but little is known about this association beyond one year postpartum and the influence of postpartum weight retention (PPWR). METHODS We used data from 70355 mothers from the Danish National Birth Cohort to estimate the associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and PPWR, respectively, and incident depression/anxiety disorders until six years postpartum. Outcome was depression or anxiety diagnosed clinically or filling a prescription for an antidepressant. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Follow-up started at the day of delivery. For the analysis regarding PPWR, follow-up started six months postpartum. RESULTS Underweight, overweight and obesity were associated with depression and/or anxiety disorders when compared to normal-weight, though the associations were attenuated after adjustments (HR 1.24 [95% CI 1.06-1.45], 1.05 [95% CI 0.96-1.15] and 1.07 [95% CI 0.95-1.21] for underweight, overweight and obese, respectively). Compared to mothers who had returned to their prepregnancy BMI, risk of depression/anxiety disorders was increased for mothers, who from prepregnancy to 6 months postpartum experienced either weight loss >1 BMI unit (HR 1.19 [95% CI 1.06-1.25]), weight gain of 2-3 BMI units (HR 1.23 [95% CI 1.08-1.40]), or weight gain of ≥3 BMI units (HR 1.21 [95% CI 1.05-1.40]). LIMITATION Causal direction and mechanisms behind the associations are largely unknown. CONCLUSIONS Low prepregnancy body weight and postpartum weight gain or loss are associated with occurrence of depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Bliddal
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helene Kirkegaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Stener Jørgensen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-Part of Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chunsen Wu
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Research, Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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158
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Lindvall K, Jenkins P, Scribani M, Emmelin M, Larsson C, Norberg M, Weinehall L. Comparisons of weight change, eating habits and physical activity between women in Northern Sweden and Rural New York State- results from a longitudinal study. Nutr J 2015; 14:88. [PMID: 26319494 PMCID: PMC4553014 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has focused exclusively on weight loss or weight maintenance following weight loss, i.e. secondary weight maintenance (SWM). The long-term results of SWM have been modest, suggesting that preventing initial weight gain among normal weight or overweight individuals, i.e. primary weight maintenance (PWM), may be more successful. The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of weight change between Swedish and US women and to contrast eating and physical activity between the two countries. Methods A questionnaire of attitudes, strategies and behaviours regarding physical activity, food habits, body image and demands to maintain weight was mailed to 4021 Swedish and 3199 US individuals. Subjects had weight measurements taken 10 years apart in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme in northern Sweden, and self-reported weight as part of the Upstate Health and Wellness Study in Upstate New York. The mean 10-year percent weight change, and weight change in kilograms, were calculated between the two countries for nine female age (30, 40, 50 years at baseline) by BMI (20–25, 25–30, 30–35) groups. For the Swedish/US pair showing the largest differences in these two endpoints, analysis of variance, correlations and chi-square tests identified likely contributors to the observed differences in weight change. Results For all subgroups combined, the mean percent weight changes for Swedish women and US women were 4.9 % (SD = 5.8) and 9.1 % (SD = 13.7) respectively (p<0.001). Differences in 10 year weight change between the two countries were largest among normal weight 30 year olds. Eight variables were identified as likely contributors to this difference. A significantly higher proportion of Swedish women selected the healthy alternatives for these eight variables. Percent weight change varied considerably over healthy versus unhealthy response levels in the US, but not in Sweden. Conclusions The prevalence of obesity among the Swedish women did not progress as rapidly as among the US. The greatest weight gain occurred predominantly among the 30 year old groups. The Swedish women tended to select healthier alternatives than their US counterparts, and women in the US appeared to be more vulnerable to the effects of unhealthy habits than women in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lindvall
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Paul Jenkins
- Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY, 13326, USA
| | - Melissa Scribani
- Bassett Healthcare Network Research Institute, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY, 13326, USA
| | - Maria Emmelin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsgatan 35, S- 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Norberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Weinehall
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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159
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Neri Calixto M, Ayllón Alvarez D, Vieyra Reyes P, Hernández-González M, Jiménez-Garcés C, Flores Ocampo P. Influencia de grelina y leptina sobre alteraciones psiquiátricas en sujetos con obesidad. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mei.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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160
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Reekie J, Hosking SPM, Prakash C, Kao KT, Juonala M, Sabin MA. The effect of antidepressants and antipsychotics on weight gain in children and adolescents. Obes Rev 2015; 16:566-80. [PMID: 26016407 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric illness in the paediatric population is increasing and the weight effect of medications for these problems is often unclear. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken to identify studies reporting weight in relation to antipsychotic and antidepressant use in children and adolescents. From 636 articles, 42 were selected for review. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) do not cause weight gain and may lead to improvements in weight status over the short, but not, long term. Antipsychotics were generally associated with weight gain. In drug comparison studies, risperidone had a larger weight gain effect than lithium, divalproex sodium and pimozide. Studies assessing the weight-protective effects of augmentation therapy with metformin or topiramate show less weight gain with addition of these agents. In conclusion, prescribing of SSRIs and SNRIs may be associated with improvements in weight status in children and adolescents but trials assessing their use in obesity, outside of established psychiatric illness, are limited and still experimental. Youth prescribed antipsychotic medication should be monitored for exaggerated weight gain and in those where obesity is a pre-existing concern agents other than olanzapine, clozapine and risperidone may be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reekie
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - C Prakash
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K-T Kao
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Juonala
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M A Sabin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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161
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Kim T, Kim JJ, Kim MY, Kim SK, Roh S, Seo JS. A U-shaped Association between Body Mass Index and Psychological Distress on the Multiphasic Personality Inventory: Retrospective Cross-sectional Analysis of 19-year-old Men in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:793-801. [PMID: 26028934 PMCID: PMC4444482 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.6.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective personality tests, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), might be more sensitive to reflect subclinical personality and be more state-dependent in an individual's lifetime, so they are good scales to predict the psychological distress regarding certain states. The aim of this study was to identify the specific pattern between body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress using the objective personality test. For this study, we investigated BMI and the Korean Military Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MPI). A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 19-yr-old examinees who were admitted to the Military Manpower Administration in Korea from February 2007 to January 2010. Of 1,088,107 examinees, we enrolled 771,408 subjects who were psychologically apparent healthy possible-military-service groups. Afterwards, we reviewed and analyzed directly measured BMI and MPI results. In terms of the validity scales, the faking-good subscale showed an inverted U-shaped association, and faking-bad and infrequency subscales showed a U-shaped association with BMI groups. In terms of the neurosis scales, all clinical subscales (anxiety, depression, somatization, and personality disorder) also showed a U-shaped association with BMI groups. For the psychopath scales, the schizophrenia subscale showed a U-shaped association, and the paranoia subscale showed a near-positive correlation with BMI. In conclusion, a specific U-shaped pattern was observed between BMI and the MPI in 19-yr-old men in Korea. Underweight and obesity are related to psychological distress, so supportive advice and education are needed to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Kim
- Incheon-Gyeonggi Regional Military Manpower Administration, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Jun Kim
- Incheon-Gyeonggi Regional Military Manpower Administration, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Kim
- Incheon-Gyeonggi Regional Military Manpower Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Shin Kyoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
| | - Sungwon Roh
- Department of Mental Health Research, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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162
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Wittchen H, Strehle J, Gerschler A, Volkert J, Dehoust MC, Sehner S, Wegscheider K, Ausìn B, Canuto A, Crawford M, Da Ronch C, Grassi L, Hershkovitz Y, Munoz M, Quirk A, Rotenstein O, Santos‐Olmo AB, Shalev A, Weber K, Schulz H, Härter M, Andreas S. Measuring symptoms and diagnosing mental disorders in the elderly community: the test-retest reliability of the CIDI65. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2015; 24:116-29. [PMID: 25308743 PMCID: PMC6878578 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prevalence findings for the elderly are artificially low, most likely due to insufficient consideration of age-related cognitive abilities in diagnostic interviews. AIMS (1) To describe the rationale for the development of an age-adapted Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI65+) for use in a European project (MentDis_ICF65+). (2) To examine its test-retest reliability. METHODS Based on substantive pilot work the CIDI standard questions were shortened, broken down into shorter subsets and combined with sensitization questions and dimensional measures. Test-retest was determined in N = 68 subjects aged 60-79 years via two independent examinations by clinical interviewers using kappa (sensitivity, specificity) for categorical and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficients for dimensional measures. RESULTS Test-retest reliability was good for any mental disorder (κ = 0.63), major depression (κ = 0.55), anxiety (κ = 0.62, range = 0.30-0.78), substance (κ = 0.77, range = 0.71-0.82), obsessive-compulsive disorder (κ = 1.00) and most core symptoms/syndromes (κ range = 0.48-1.00). Agreement for some disorders (i.e. somatoform/pain) attenuated, partly due to time lapse effects. ICC for age of onset, recency, quantity, frequency and duration questions ranged between κ = 0.60-0.90. Dimensional agreement measures were not consistently higher. CONCLUSION The age-adapted CIDI65+ is reliable for assessing most mental disorders, distress, impairment and time-related information in the elderly, prompting the need to examine validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS)Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jens Strehle
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS)Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Anja Gerschler
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS)Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jana Volkert
- Department of Medical PsychologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | | | - Susanne Sehner
- Department of Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Berta Ausìn
- School of PsychologyUniversity Complutense of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Alessandra Canuto
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis Intervention, Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity Hospitals of Geneva (HUG)GenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Chiara Da Ronch
- Section of PsychiatryDepartment of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical SciencesFerraraItaly
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Section of PsychiatryDepartment of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical SciencesFerraraItaly
| | - Yael Hershkovitz
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah University Medical CentreKiryat HadassahJerusalemIsrael
| | - Manuel Munoz
- School of PsychologyUniversity Complutense of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Alan Quirk
- Department of Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Royal College of PsychiatristsLondonUK
| | - Ora Rotenstein
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah University Medical CentreKiryat HadassahJerusalemIsrael
| | | | - Arieh Shalev
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah University Medical CentreKiryat HadassahJerusalemIsrael
| | - Kerstin Weber
- Division of Liaison Psychiatry and Crisis Intervention, Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity Hospitals of Geneva (HUG)GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Holger Schulz
- Department of Medical PsychologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Martin Härter
- Department of Medical PsychologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Sylke Andreas
- Department of Medical PsychologyUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Institute for PsychologyAlpen‐Adria Universität KlagenfurtKlagenfurtAustria
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163
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Djalalinia S, Qorbani M, Peykari N, Kelishadi R. Health impacts of Obesity. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:239-42. [PMID: 25878654 PMCID: PMC4386197 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.311.7033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this communication is to provide some evidence linking the overweight/obesity and their impacts on different dimensions of health. We reviewed the related studies published from 1990 up till now through PubMed Central/Medline, which provide evidence linking obesity with health related issues. It is a risk factor for metabolic disorders and leads to serious health consequences for individuals and burden for the health care system as a whole. Literature search showed that it is related to at least 18 co-morbidities which are attributable to overweight and obesity. Moreover obese individuals more often suffer from significant joint pains, disorders and it also has social as well as psychological impairments. It is high time that countries facing the problems of obesity initiate some intervention measures to monitor and control this growing epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Shirin Djalalinia, MSc PhD Candidate, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Dr. Mostafa Qorbani, PhD, School of Medicine, Community Medicine Department Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran, and Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Peykari
- Niloofar Peykari, MSc PhD Candidate, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Prof. Roya Kelishadi, MD, Child Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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164
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Nigatu YT, Bültmann U, Reijneveld SA. The prospective association between obesity and major depression in the general population: does single or recurrent episode matter? BMC Public Health 2015; 15:350. [PMID: 25880736 PMCID: PMC4488044 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) are important public health problems. MDD is a heterogeneous disorder and the direction of its association with obesity remains unclear. Evidence grows that recurrent MDD (MDD-R) differs in etiology and prognosis from single episode MDD (MDD-S), which could affect associations with obesity. However, evidence on this differential effect is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the direction of the association between obesity and MDD, single or recurrent episode. METHODS A longitudinal study was performed in a cohort of 1094 participants of the PREVEND study, on whom data were collected at baseline and at an average 2-year follow-up. MDD-S and MDD-R were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1). Obesity was defined as Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m(2). Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether obesity predicts MDD-S/MDD-R or vice versa, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Prospective analyses showed that BMI at baseline was associated with the onset of MDD-R (Odds ratio, OR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 1.11; 1.57) during 2-year follow-up, but not with the onset of MDD-S (OR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.89; 1.07). Obesity at baseline was not associated with the onset of MDD-S during follow-up (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.25; 2.30), but associated with the onset of MDD-R during follow-up (OR = 11.63; 95%CI: 1.05; 128.60). Neither MDD-S nor MDD-R were associated with the development of obesity during 2-year follow-up (OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 0.64; 4.29 and OR = 2.32, 95%CI: 0.82; 6.58, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings add to the available evidence that obesity might specifically be associated with the onset of multiple episodes of major depression (MDD-R). Although the reverse association was not found, MDD-R tends to be also associated with subsequent development of obesity, but larger studies are needed to fully assess this issue. The heterogeneity of MDD should be considered when examining the effect of obesity on MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshambel T Nigatu
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, HPC FA10, PO Box 196, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, HPC FA10, PO Box 196, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, HPC FA10, PO Box 196, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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165
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Noh JW, Kwon YD, Park J, Kim J. Body mass index and depressive symptoms in middle aged and older adults. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:310. [PMID: 25884564 PMCID: PMC4383216 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between weight problems and depression has been the focus of many studies; however, results from these studies vary. The purpose of this study is to describe the association between depression and BMI using data from a national sample of middle aged and older Koreans and to examine whether gender moderates the relationship between depression and weight. Methods We used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Of the 7,920 respondents that participated in KLoSA in 2010, 7,672 adults aged between 50 and 102 years were included in the final analysis. The relationship between depression and obesity status was examined in both the full sample and in sub-samples stratified by gender. The observed U-shaped association between obesity status and CES-D score was tested by regressing CES-D score on linear and quadratic terms of BMI scores. Results The distribution of CES-D scores by respondents’ obesity status (i.e., underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese and severely obese) showed a U-shaped association. Specifically, the highest CES-D scores were found in underweight individuals; this was followed by the severely obese and obese groups in the full sample and in gender-specific subsamples. The lowest CES-D scores were found in the overweight group when considering the entire population and males alone and in the normal weight group for females. This U-shaped association between CES-D and obesity status was confirmed by a model in which CES-D scores were regressed on BMI scores and other covariates. Conclusions This study found a U-shaped association between BMI and levels of depressive symptoms among adults in Korea overall and also within each gender. Specifically, the highest level of depressive symptoms was found among the underweight, followed by the severely obese and then the obese. Slightly different patterns between male and female adults were found regarding the weight status associated with the fewest depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Noh
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Young Dae Kwon
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine and Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jumin Park
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Women's University, Rm. #721, Insa-Kwan Bldg., 126 Kongneung 2-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, Korea.
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166
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Gender and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Obesity and Depression Among Black Adolescents. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2015; 2:481-93. [PMID: 26863554 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-015-0096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and major depression disorder (MDD) in a nationally representative sample of Black adolescents in the USA. The study also tested the effects of ethnicity and gender as possible moderators. METHOD Data came from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)-Adolescents, a representative household mental health survey of Black adolescents in the USA. Participants consisted of 1170 Black adolescents (810 African Americans and 360 Caribbean Blacks). Obesity was defined determined by the cutoff points based on the body mass index (BMI) appropriate for age and gender. Twelve-month MDD was measured using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). In the first step, the association between obesity and MDD in the pooled sample, controlling for the main effects of gender and ethnicity. In the next steps, two interactions were tested: (1) obesity and ethnicity and (2) obesity and gender. RESULTS Although any associations between obesity and MDD in the pooled sample of Blacks were not found, there was a significant interaction between ethnicity and obesity on MDD. Upon testing the associations across intersections of ethnicity and gender, a positive association was found among Caribbean Black females but not Caribbean Black males, African American males, or African American female. CONCLUSION The link between BMI and MDD among Blacks depends on ethnicity and gender, and risk of comorbid depression among Black youth with obesity is highest among Caribbean Black females.
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167
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Xiang X, An R. Obesity and onset of depression among U.S. middle-aged and older adults. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:242-8. [PMID: 25553601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aims to examine the relationship between obesity and onset of depression among U.S. middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Data came from 1994 to 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Study sample consisted of 6514 community-dwelling adults born between 1931 and 1941 who were free of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in 1994. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height/weight. Body weight status was classified into normal weight (18.5kg/m(2)≤BMI<25kg/m(2)), overweight (25kg/m(2)≤BMI<30kg/m(2)), and obesity (BMI≥30kg/m(2)). A score of ≥3 on the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to define clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Kaplan-Meier estimator and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model were performed to examine the association between body weight status and onset of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. RESULTS Unhealthy body weight was associated future onset of depression. Compared with their normal weight counterparts, overweight and obese participants were 13% (hazard ratio [HR]=1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04-1.23) and 9% (HR=1.09, 95% CI=1.01-1.18) more likely to have onset of clinically relevant depressive symptoms during the 16years of follow-up, respectively. The relationship between obesity and depression onset appeared stronger among females and non-Hispanic whites than their male and racial/ethnic minority counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Health care providers should be aware of the potential risk for depression among obese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xiang
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1010W. Nevada, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ruopeng An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Huff Hall, 1206S 4th St, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
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168
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Koyanagi A, Stickley A, Garin N, Miret M, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Leonardi M, Koskinen S, Galas A, Haro JM. The association between obesity and back pain in nine countries: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:123. [PMID: 25886589 PMCID: PMC4331391 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between obesity and back pain has mainly been studied in high-income settings with inconclusive results, and data from older populations and developing countries are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess this association in nine countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America among older adults using nationally-representative data. Methods Data on 42116 individuals ≥50 years who participated in the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe (COURAGE) study conducted in Finland, Poland, and Spain in 2011–2012, and the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa in 2007–2010 were analysed. Information on measured height and weight available in the two datasets was used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Self-reported back pain occurring in the past 30 days was the outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between BMI and back pain. Results The prevalence of back pain ranged from 21.5% (China) to 57.5% (Poland). In the multivariable analysis, compared to BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, significantly higher odds for back pain were observed for BMI ≥35 kg/m2 in Finland (OR 3.33), Russia (OR 2.20), Poland (OR 2.03), Spain (OR 1.56), and South Africa (OR 1.48); BMI 30.0-34.0 kg/m2 in Russia (OR 2.76), South Africa (OR 1.51), and Poland (OR 1.47); and BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 in Russia (OR 1.51) and Poland (OR 1.40). No significant associations were found in the other countries. Conclusions The strength of the association between obesity and back pain may vary by country. Future studies are needed to determine the factors contributing to differences in the associations observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain.
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Noe Garin
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain.
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Department of Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Neurological Institute Carlo Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aleksander Galas
- Department of Epidemiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain.
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169
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Abou Abbas L, Salameh P, Nasser W, Nasser Z, Godin I. Obesity and symptoms of depression among adults in selected countries of the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Obes 2015; 5:2-11. [PMID: 25504829 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity has been widely recognized for its consequences on physical health, its psychological burden in the adult populations in the Middle East remains unclear. This meta-analysis synthesized data from observational studies to investigate the association between obesity and depression among adult populations in Middle Eastern countries. Five bibliographical electronic databases were searched for studies published up to April 2014. Pooled meta-analytic estimates were derived using the random-effect models. Three case-control studies and five cross-sectional studies were identified. Meta-analysis showed significant positive associations between obesity and depression across study designs, with an overall effect of odds ratio 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.11-1.44). The association between obesity and depression was more marked in women than men although that difference was not statistically significant. Other subgroup analysis showed that none of the potential factors including the assessment for obesity or depression, confounder control and study quality had a modification effect on the studied association. Meta-analysis of eight observational studies from five countries in the Middle East suggests an evidence of a positive association between obesity and depression among adult populations, which appeared to be more marked among women. Future research should examine the causal pathways between obesity and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abou Abbas
- School of Public Health, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory (LCER), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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170
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McNeilly AD, Stewart CA, Sutherland C, Balfour DJK. High fat feeding is associated with stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and reduced anxiety in the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 52:272-80. [PMID: 25544739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that diet-induced obesity is associated with insulin resistance and impaired feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyper-secretion of glucocorticoid, evoked by feeding rats a high fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks, also influences behavioural and neural responses to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test of anxiety. HF-fed animals exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviour in the EPM but were also hyperactive in this test. Covariant analysis established that the anxiolytic-like behaviour was not secondary to the increase in activity. The HF diet significantly increased basal levels of plasma corticosterone. The groups exposed to the EPM also displayed increased plasma corticosterone levels compared to the relevant control group, although the increment was smaller in the HF-fed animals. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactivity in the cytoplasmic fraction of parietal cortex and hypothalamus and the particulate fraction of the parietal cortex were increased by HF feeding. The behavioural changes evoked by HF feeding did not correlate significantly with changes in GR immunoreactivity in each treatment group or 5-HT turnover in the brain areas studied. It is concluded that anxiolytic properties evoked in the EPM by high fat feeding are unlikely to be related to the changes in HPA function seen in animals fed this diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D McNeilly
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
| | - Caroline A Stewart
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - David J K Balfour
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
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171
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Menezes PR, Araya R, Miranda JJ, Mohr DC, Price LN. The Latin American treatment and innovation network in mental health h (LATINMH): rationale and scope. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS 2015; 72:321-330. [PMID: 27107284 PMCID: PMC8108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Over the past 60 years Latin American countries have been experiencing noticeable demographic and socioeconomic changes, with marked impact on the population health in the region. There is growing recognition of the co-morbidity among mental and physical health problems impacting heavily on health care systems. These challenges open many opportunities for transformational change in the expanding field of global mental health. Given the growing evidence for the wide applicability and efficacy of specific components included in mental health treatment packages, research should focus more on improving the organization and efficiency with which we deliver these specific treatment components already proven to be efficacious. The Latin American Treatment and Innovation Network in Mental Health (LATIN-MH) is a research and training Hub based in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Lima, Peru. It aims to address the co-morbidity between physical and mental chronic diseases, exploring the opportunity to use technology to support the treatment of these conditions. LATIN-MH strives to move beyond specific single-disease approaches and research silos, whilst maximizing the opportunities to work collaboratively with various groups in the Latin American region, thus contributing to fostering research and building capacity in mental health research. KEY WORDS Mental Health, Chronic Disease, mHealth, Capacity Building (MeSH) Key concepts: Chronic diseases have now become the major determinants of the disease burden in Latin America, whereas psychiatric disorders accounted for almost one-third of years lived with disability worldwide in 2005. LATIN-MH is a research and training hub that aims to address the co-morbidity between physical and mental chronic diseases using technology to support their treatments. LATIN-MH strives to move beyond specific single-disease approaches and research siloes, whilst maximizing the opportunities to work collaboratively with various groups in the Latin American region, thus contributing to foster research and build capacity in mental health research. LATIN-MH is built on three driving principles: (i) building capacities to ensure sustainability and autonomy of mental health services, (ii) developing strategic interdisciplinary partnerships, and (iii) integrating mental health treatment into primary care and community health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. Menezes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - David C Mohr
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - LeShawndra N. Price
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
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172
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Titchener K, Wong QJJ. A weighty issue: explaining the association between body mass index and appearance-based social anxiety. Eat Behav 2015; 16:13-6. [PMID: 25464060 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Research has indicated that individuals who are overweight or obese are more likely to experience mental health difficulties. One line of research has indicated that body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with appearance-based social anxiety, rather than social anxiety more generally. However, there is a lack of research that has attempted to explain this association. Thus, the current study recruited an undergraduate sample (N=90) and aimed (a) to replicate previous research by examining the associations between BMI, social anxiety, and appearance-based social anxiety and (b) to extend previous research by examining two potential mediators in the relationship between BMI and appearance-based social anxiety suggested in the literature (i.e., body image dissatisfaction and emotional eating). Analyses indicated that BMI was not associated with social anxiety but positively associated with appearance-based social anxiety. The association between BMI and appearance-based social anxiety was only mediated by body image dissatisfaction, and the model of these relationships emerged as the best fitting model relative to a plausible alternative model. The findings replicate and extend previous research on weight status and psychological factors and highlight the need for future longitudinal research on BMI, appearance-based social anxiety, and body image dissatisfaction so that interventions for obesity and weight loss maintenance programs can be ultimately enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Titchener
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Quincy J J Wong
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Australia.
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173
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Velten J, Lavallee KL, Scholten S, Meyer AH, Zhang XC, Schneider S, Margraf J. Lifestyle choices and mental health: a representative population survey. BMC Psychol 2014; 2:58. [PMID: 25628891 PMCID: PMC4304169 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-014-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying healthy lifestyle behaviours that promote psychological wellbeing is crucial to preventing mental disorders. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the individual and combined associations between different aspects of everyday life and mental health within a representative community sample in Germany. Method The study was conducted in 2012/2013 and included 7,937 participants representative of the German population. Lifestyle factors were assessed via self-report and included frequency of physical and mental activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index as well as circadian and social regularity. Outcome variables were depression, anxiety, stress and satisfaction with life. Results All lifestyle factors were associated with the mental health outcomes. Better mental health was linked to higher frequency of physical and mental activity, moderate alcohol consumption (i.e. not increased or no alcohol consumption), non-smoking, a body mass index within the range of normal to overweight (i.e. not underweight or obese) and a regular life rhythm. The more healthy lifestyle choices an individual makes, the higher life satisfaction and lower psychological distress he or she tends to have. Conclusions The current study underlines the importance of healthy lifestyle choices in respect to psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Velten
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristen L Lavallee
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany ; Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Scholten
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Xiao-Chi Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany
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174
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Farr OM, Sloan DM, Keane TM, Mantzoros CS. Stress- and PTSD-associated obesity and metabolic dysfunction: a growing problem requiring further research and novel treatments. Metabolism 2014; 63:1463-8. [PMID: 25267015 PMCID: PMC4459590 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a growing public health concern. More recently, evidence has indicated that PTSD leads to obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction. Possible mechanisms of this link are through dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and related moderation of appetite hormones and neural activity, leading to changes in consumptive behaviors. Although research has been examining associations between PTSD and obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome, future research should delineate potential mechanisms for these associations and develop targeted treatments to reduce these metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Denise M Sloan
- VA National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Terence M Keane
- VA National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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175
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Jani BD, Cavanagh J, Barry SJE, Der G, Sattar N, Mair FS. Revisiting the J shaped curve, exploring the association between cardiovascular risk factors and concurrent depressive symptoms in patients with cardiometabolic disease: Findings from a large cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:139. [PMID: 25352020 PMCID: PMC4271339 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is common in patients with cardiometabolic diseases but little is known about the relationship, if any, between cardiovascular risk factor values and depressive symptoms in patients with these conditions. The objective of this paper is to study the association between cardiovascular risk factors and concurrent depressive symptoms in patients with three common cardiometabolic conditions: coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and diabetes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed primary care data for N = 35537 with 1 of the above 3 conditions who underwent depression screening using the depressive subscale of hospital anxiety and depression score (HADS-D). We reviewed 4 cardiometabolic risk factors (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP], Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP], BMI and total cholesterol) recorded concurrently in all patients and HbA1c in patients with diabetes (n = 18453). We analysed the association between individual risk factor value and a positive HADS-D screening result (>7) using logistic regression. Results SBP and BMI were noted to have a non-linear “J-shaped” relationship with the probability of having a positive HADS-D and observed nadirs (levels with the lowest probability) of 148 mm Hg and 30.70 kg/m2, respectively. Total cholesterol and DBP found to have a weaker curvilinear association with concurrent depression symptoms and nadirs of 3.60 mmol/l and 74 mmHg. Among patients with Diabetes, HbA1c was also found to have a “J-shaped” relationship with probability of having a positive HADS-D with an observed nadir of 7.06% DCCT. The above relationships remain significant after adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status and number of co-morbid conditions. Conclusion In patients with cardiometabolic disease, cardiovascular risk factor values at both extremes were associated with higher positive depression screening after adjusting for confounders. These findings have potentially important implications for clinical practice in relation to both risk stratification for depression and approaches to secondary prevention in individuals with cardiometabolic disease and merit further investigation to determine the nature and direction of the observed association. Please see related article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/199. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-139) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Frances S Mair
- Professor of Primary Care Research, General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G112 9LX, UK.
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176
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Piane GM, Smith TC. Building an evidence base for the co-occurrence of chronic disease and psychiatric distress and impairment. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E188. [PMID: 25340360 PMCID: PMC4208990 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.140211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental disorders and chronic diseases have been reported to independently affect half of the US population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the comorbid nature of these conditions. Methods We analyzed data from 39,954 participants from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey who reported both psychological distress and impairment, on the basis of the Kessler 6 and the Sheehan Disability Scale, and 1 or more of 4 chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, heart disease). Weighted and nonweighted multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the association between psychological distress and impairment and chronic disease, after adjusting for sex, age, race, current smoking, binge drinking in the previous year, moderate physical activity, and body mass index. Results After controlling for covariates in the model, we found a significant dose–response relationship between reported chronic diseases and psychiatric distress and impairment that ranged from 1.50 for 1 reported chronic disease to 4.68 for 4 reported chronic diseases. Conclusion The growing chronic disease burden should be understood clinically in the context of mental health conditions. Further research is needed to identify ways to integrate mental health and chronic disease prevention in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Piane
- Department of Community Health, School of Health and Human Services, National University, 3678 Aero Court, San Diego, CA 92123. E-mail:
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177
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Brewis AA. Stigma and the perpetuation of obesity. Soc Sci Med 2014; 118:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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178
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Feizi A, Keshteli AH, Nouri F, Roohafza H, Adibi P. A cross-sectional population-based study on the association of personality traits with anxiety and psychological stress: Joint modeling of mixed outcomes using shared random effects approach. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 19:834-43. [PMID: 25535497 PMCID: PMC4268191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have showed some evidences about the relationship between personality traits particularly neuroticism and extroversion, separately, with psychological stress and anxiety. In the current study, we clarified the magnitude of joint interdependence (co-morbidity) of anxiety (continuous) and Psychological stress (dichotomous) as dependent variables of mixed type with five-factor personality traits as independent variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 3180 participants who attended in the cross-sectional population-based "study on the epidemiology of psychological, alimentary health and nutrition" and completed self-administered questionnaires about demographic and life style, gastrointestinal disorders, personality traits, perceived intensity of stress, social support, and psychological outcome was analyzed using shared random effect approach in R Free software. RESULTS The results indicated high scores of neuroticism increase the chance of high psychological stress (odds ratio [OR] = 5.1; P < 0.001) and anxiety score (B = 1.73; P < 0.001) after adjustment for the probable confounders. In contrast, those who had higher scores of extraversion and conscientiousness experienced lower levels of anxiety score (B = -0.54 and -0.23, respectively, P < 0.001) and psychological stress (OR = 0.36 and 0.65, respectively, P < 0.001). Furthermore, higher score of agreeableness had significant negative relationship with anxiety (B = -0.32, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study indicated that the scores of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness strongly predict both anxiety and psychological stress in Iranian adult population. Due to likely mechanism of genetic and environmental factors on the relationships between personality traits and psychological disorders, it is suggested to perform longitudinal studies focusing on both genetic and environmental factors in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan, Iran
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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179
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Geoffroy MC, Li L, Power C. Depressive symptoms and body mass index: co-morbidity and direction of association in a British birth cohort followed over 50 years. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2641-2652. [PMID: 25055177 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unhealthy body mass index (BMI) has been associated with depression but the direction of association is uncertain. Our aim was to estimate the co-morbidity and direction of association between BMI and depressive symptoms at several ages, from childhood to mid-adulthood. METHOD The data were from 18,558 individuals born in 1 week in March 1958, in England, Scotland and Wales, with follow-up at ages 7, 11, 16, 23, 33, 42, 45 and 50 years. Depression (scores>or=90th percentile) was identified from child/adolescent (teacher questionnaires) and adult (self-complete questionnaires and clinical interview) measures. BMI (kg/m2) measured in child/adolescence and adulthood was classified as underweight, normal, overweight or obese. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, obesity and underweight (not overweight) from 11 to 45 years were associated respectively with 1.3-2.1 and 1.5-2.3 times the risk of depression compared with normal weight. Using the time-lagged generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach, we tested (a) whether underweight or obesity at prior ages (7 to 45 years) predicted subsequent risk of depression (11 to 50 years), adjusting for baseline depression; and (b) whether depression at prior ages (7 to 42 years) predicted subsequent risk of underweight or obesity (11 to 45 years), adjusting for baseline BMI. In longitudinal analyses, underweight predicted subsequent depression in both sexes [odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.40] and depression predicted subsequent underweight in males only (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.52-2.23). Obesity predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in females only (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.56), but depression did not predict obesity. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider screening routinely for depression patients with unhealthy BMI, namely underweight and obesity, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Geoffroy
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College London,UK
| | - L Li
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College London,UK
| | - C Power
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health,University College London,UK
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180
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Krämer LV, Helmes AW, Seelig H, Fuchs R, Bengel J. Correlates of reduced exercise behaviour in depression: The role of motivational and volitional deficits. Psychol Health 2014; 29:1206-25. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.918978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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181
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Ul-Haq Z, Mackay DF, Fenwick E, Pell JP. Association between body mass index and mental health among Scottish adult population: a cross-sectional study of 37,272 participants. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2231-2240. [PMID: 24274839 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence is conflicting as to whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with mental health and, if so, to what extent it varies by sex and age. We studied mental health across the full spectrum of BMI among the general population, and conducted subgroup analyses by sex and age. METHOD We undertook a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Scottish adult population. The Scottish Health Survey provided data on mental health, measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ), BMI, demographic and life-style information. Good mental health was defined as a GHQ score <4, and poor mental health as a GHQ score ⩾4. Logistic regression models were applied. RESULTS Of the 37 272 participants, 5739 (15.4%) had poor mental health. Overall, overweight participants had better mental health than the normal-weight group [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87-0.99, p = 0.049], and individuals who were underweight, class II or class III obese had poorer mental health (class III obese group: adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.51, p = 0.013). There were significant interactions of BMI with sex (p = 0.013) and with age (p < 0.001). Being overweight was associated with significantly better mental health in middle-aged men only. In contrast, being underweight at all ages or obese at a young age was associated with significantly poorer mental health in women only. CONCLUSIONS The adverse associations between adiposity and mental health are specific to women. Underweight women and young women who are obese have poorer mental health. In contrast, middle-aged overweight men have better mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ul-Haq
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing,University of Glasgow,Glasgow,UK
| | - D F Mackay
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing,University of Glasgow,Glasgow,UK
| | - E Fenwick
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing,University of Glasgow,Glasgow,UK
| | - J P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing,University of Glasgow,Glasgow,UK
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182
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Castelnuovo G, Manzoni GM, Pietrabissa G, Corti S, Giusti EM, Molinari E, Simpson S. Obesity and outpatient rehabilitation using mobile technologies: the potential mHealth approach. Front Psychol 2014; 5:559. [PMID: 24959157 PMCID: PMC4051130 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently an important public health problem of epidemic proportions (globesity). Inpatient rehabilitation interventions that aim at improving weight-loss, reducing obesity-related complications and changing dysfunctional behaviors, should ideally be carried out in a multidisciplinary context with a clinical team composed of psychologists, dieticians, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, nutritionists, physiotherapists, etc. Long-term outpatient multidisciplinary treatments are likely to constitute an essential aspect of rehabilitation. Internet-based technologies can improve long-term obesity rehabilitation within a collaborative approach by enhancing the steps specified by psychological and medical treatment protocols. These outcomes may be augmented further by the mHealth approach, through creating new treatment delivery methods to increase compliance and engagement. mHealth (m-health, mobile health) can be defined as the practice of medicine and public health, supported by mobile communication devices for health services and information. mHealth applications which can be implemented in weight loss protocols and obesity rehabilitation are discussed, taking into account future research directions in this promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Psychology Research LaboratoryOspedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Psychology Research LaboratoryOspedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus UniversityComo, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Psychology Research LaboratoryOspedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Psychology Research LaboratoryOspedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of BergamoBergamo, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Molinari
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Psychology Research LaboratoryOspedale San Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Susan Simpson
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA, Australia
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183
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Dowsey MM, Castle DJ, Knowles SR, Monshat K, Salzberg MR, Choong PFM. The effect of mindfulness training prior to total joint arthroplasty on post-operative pain and physical function: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:208. [PMID: 24899242 PMCID: PMC4059073 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of disability in developed nations. In Australia it afflicts 16.5% of the adult population. Total joint arthroplasty is considered the treatment of choice for end stage osteoarthritis. The number of total joint arthroplasties undertaken in Australia has doubled over the last decade (more than 80,000 procedures in 2011). The incidence of pre-operative psychological distress in this group of patients is reported between 30% and 60% and pre-operative psychological distress is associated with poorer pain and functional outcomes after surgery. This study will use a mindfulness-based psychological intervention to enhance outcomes in people undergoing total joint arthroplasty and, in addition, will test hypotheses about coping with chronic illness in an aged population. This study is the first of its kind and will provide a greater understanding of the role of a mental health enhancement program on the physical recovery of total joint arthroplasty patients. METHODS/DESIGN One hundred and fifty people with end-stage arthritis on the waiting list for total hip or knee arthroplasty will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of two groups using computer-generated block randomisation. A randomised controlled trial adhering to CONSORT guidelines will evaluate the efficacy of a mindfulness training program (weekly group-based classes in mindfulness practice, 2 ½ hours, for 8 weeks plus a 7-hour Saturday session in Week 6) prior to total joint arthroplasty, compared to a "standard care" group who will undergo routine total joint arthroplasty. Primary outcomes will be evaluated by a blinded examiner at baseline, 3 and 12 months post-surgery, using a validated self-reported pain and physical function scale. Secondary outcomes will include i) a range of validated measures of psychological wellbeing and ii) health economic analysis. All analyses will be conducted on an intention to treat basis using linear regression models. Health economic modelling will be applied to estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of mindfulness training and total joint arthroplasty. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTRN12611001184965). Date of registration; 15th November 2011.
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MESH Headings
- Arthralgia/prevention & control
- Arthralgia/psychology
- Arthralgia/therapy
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
- Humans
- Mindfulness/methods
- Motor Activity
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/psychology
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/rehabilitation
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/surgery
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/psychology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/rehabilitation
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery
- Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control
- Pain, Postoperative/psychology
- Pain, Postoperative/therapy
- Preoperative Care/methods
- Research Design
- Self Efficacy
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Dowsey
- The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 35 Victoria parade, Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Simon R Knowles
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Burwood Road, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Kaveh Monshat
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Michael R Salzberg
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Peter F M Choong
- The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 35 Victoria parade, Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia
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184
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Proper KI, Koppes LLJ, Meijer S, Bemelmans WJE. The association between body mass index status and sick leave and the role of emotional exhaustion-a mediation analysis among a representative sample of dutch employees. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 55:1213-8. [PMID: 24064779 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31829f2f5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between body mass index (BMI) and sick leave, and the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. METHODS Data were collected from a large survey among Dutch employees (n = 35,022). The causal pathway approach consisting of four regression analyses was applied. RESULTS In women, moderate overweight and obesity were associated with higher sick leave; in men, obesity, but not moderate overweight, was associated with higher sick leave. Obese workers were at increased risk for emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion was also associated with higher sick leave rates. Adjustment for emotional exhaustion in the association between BMI and sick leave hardly changed the effect size and significance remained. CONCLUSIONS The association between BMI status and sick leave can be explained partially by the presence of emotional exhaustion. Workplace health promotion initiatives should take this into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin I Proper
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Drs Proper and Bemelmans and Ms Meijer), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; and Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (Dr Koppes), TNO, Division Work and Employment, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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185
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Baxter AJ, Scott KM, Ferrari AJ, Norman RE, Vos T, Whiteford HA. Challenging the myth of an "epidemic" of common mental disorders: trends in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression between 1990 and 2010. Depress Anxiety 2014; 31:506-16. [PMID: 24448889 DOI: 10.1002/da.22230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common and disabling mental disorders. This paper aims to test the hypothesis that common mental disorders have become more prevalent over the past two decades. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of prevalence, remission, duration, and excess mortality studies for anxiety disorders and MDD and then used a Bayesian meta-regression approach to estimate point prevalence for 1990, 2005, and 2010. We also conducted a post-hoc search for studies that used the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as a measure of psychological distress and tested for trends to present a qualitative comparison of study findings RESULTS This study found no evidence for an increased prevalence of anxiety disorders or MDD. While the crude number of cases increased by 36%, this was explained by population growth and changing age structures. Point prevalence of anxiety disorders was estimated at 3.8% (3.6-4.1%) in 1990 and 4.0% (3.7-4.2%) in 2010. The prevalence of MDD was unchanged at 4.4% in 1990 (4.2-4.7%) and 2010 (4.1-4.7%). However, 8 of the 11 GHQ studies found a significant increase in psychological distress over time. CONCLUSIONS The perceived "epidemic" of common mental disorders is most likely explained by the increasing numbers of affected patients driven by increasing population sizes. Additional factors that may explain this perception include the higher rates of psychological distress as measured using symptom checklists, greater public awareness, and the use of terms such as anxiety and depression in a context where they do not represent clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Baxter
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Australia
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186
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Longitudinal associations of obesity with affective disorders and suicidality in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2014; 202:379-85. [PMID: 24727724 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to examine the longitudinal associations between obesity and mental health variables (psychiatric diagnoses and suicidal behaviors). Data were from waves 3 and 4 of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study (N = 1071). Participants were aged 30 to 86 years at wave 3 (mean, 47.6 years; SD, 12.8). The prevalence of obesity increased from 27.6% to 39.1% during the follow-up. Logistic regression analyses revealed no associations between baseline obesity and onset of mental disorders or suicidal behaviors between waves 3 and 4 in fully adjusted models; however, baseline obesity predicted new-onset suicide attempts in models adjusted for sociodemographics and mental disorders. Baseline depression predicted weight gain during the 11-year follow-up period (F = 4.014, p < 0.05), even after controlling for important confounders. Overall, most mental health variables were not associated with obesity, suggesting that clinicians and others should be wary of "weight-ism" and avoid making the assumption that higher body weight relates to mental health problems.
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187
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Weight status and psychological distress in a Mediterranean Spanish population: a symmetric U-shaped relationship. Nutrients 2014; 6:1662-77. [PMID: 24763112 PMCID: PMC4011058 DOI: 10.3390/nu6041662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological disorders in people with extreme weight (low weight or obesity) should be taken into consideration by health professionals in order to practice an effective treatment to these patients. This study evaluates the association between body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress in 563 inhabitants of Málaga (South of Spain). Participants were classified in four categories of BMI: Underweight (BMI <18.5 Kg/m2), Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.99 Kg/m2), Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.99 Kg/m2) and Obesity (BMI >30 Kg/m2). Psychological distress was measured with the Spanish version of the Derogatis’ Symptoms Checklist Revised (SCL-90-R). We observed a symmetric U-shaped relationship between weight status and psychological distress in all SCL-90-R dimensions (p for quadratic trend <0.001) for both men and women. Participants with extreme weight showed the worst psychological status, and participants with normal weight exhibited the best. We found no statistically significant differences between underweight and obese participants in 9 of the 10 SCL-90-R dimensions analyzed among men, and in 8 of the 10 dimensions among women. Underweight and obese participants showed no gender differences in psychological distress levels. Psychological treatment of Mediterranean people with extreme weight, should consider underweight and obese patients at the same level of psychological distress.
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188
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Assari S. Additive Effects of Anxiety and Depression on Body Mass Index among Blacks: Role of Ethnicity and Gender. Int Cardiovasc Res J 2014; 8:44-51. [PMID: 24936480 PMCID: PMC4058483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on mental health associates of obesity have focused on depression and less is known about the role of anxiety in obesity. OBJECTIVES This study compared the additive effects of General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on Body Mass Index (BMI) across sub-populations of Blacks based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender. METHODS Data came from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2001 - 2003. The participants consisted of 3,570 African Americans and 1,621 Caribbean Blacks. Twelve-month MDD and GAD were determined using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Levels of BMI were categorized based on being equal to or larger than 25, 30, 35, and 40 kg/m(2). We fitted linear regression models specific for our groups, which were defined based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender. Additionally, age, education, marital status, employment, and region were controlled. RESULTS Among Caribbean Black men and African American women, lifetime GAD, but not MDD, was associated with high BMI. Among Caribbean Black women, lifetime MDD, but not GAD, was associated with high BMI. CONCLUSIONS Intersection of ethnicity and gender may determine how anxiety and depression are associated with BMI among Blacks. Sub-populations of Blacks (e.g. based on ethnicity and gender) may have specific mental health determinants or consequences of obesity. Future research should investigate how and why the additive effects of anxiety and depression on obesity vary across ethnic and gender groups of Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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189
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Assari S. The link between mental health and obesity: role of individual and contextual factors. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:247-9. [PMID: 24829706 PMCID: PMC4018631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health (CRECH), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA,Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Shervin Assari, Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA. E-mail:
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190
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Kloek CJ, Tol J, Veenhof C, van der Wulp I, Swinkels IC. Dutch General Practitioners' weight management policy for overweight and obese patients. BMC OBESITY 2014. [PMID: 26217495 PMCID: PMC4472618 DOI: 10.1186/2052-9538-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) can play an important role in both the prevention and management of overweight and obesity. Current general practice guidelines in the Netherlands allow room for GPs to execute their own weight management policy. OBJECTIVE To examine GPs' current weight management policy and the factors associated with this policy. METHODS 800 Dutch GPs were asked to complete a questionnaire in December 2012. The questionnaire items were based on the Dutch Obesity Standard for GPs. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses in 2013. RESULTS In total, 307 GPs (39.0%) responded. Most respondents (82.9%) considered weight management as part of their responsibility for providing care. GPs aged <48 years discussed weight less frequent. Next, weight is less frequently discussed with patients without weight-related comorbidities or with moderately overweight patients compared to obese patients. On average, 47.7% of the GPs reported to refer obese patients to a weight management professional, preferably a dietitian (98.3%). GPs with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) were less likely to refer obese patients. In addition, GPs who had frequent contact with a dietitian were more likely to refer obese patients. CONCLUSIONS In the context of General Practice and preventive medicine, GPs' discussion of weight and the variety of obesity-determinants with their moderately overweight patients deserves more attention, especially from younger GPs. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration between GPs and dietitians could increase the referral percentage for dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Tol
- NIVEL Utrecht, PO Box 1568, 3500 BN Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Veenhof
- NIVEL Utrecht, PO Box 1568, 3500 BN Utrecht, The Netherlands
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191
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Colombo O, Ferretti VV, Ferraris C, Trentani C, Vinai P, Villani S, Tagliabue A. Is drop-out from obesity treatment a predictable and preventable event? Nutr J 2014; 13:13. [PMID: 24490952 PMCID: PMC3914843 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attrition is an important but understudied issue that plays a vital role in the successful treatment of obesity. To date, most studies focusing on attrition rates and/or its predictors have been based on pretreatment data routinely collected for other purposes. Our study specifically aims at identifying the predictors of drop-out focusing on empirically or theoretically-based factors. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study in an academic outpatient clinical nutrition service in Pavia, Italy. We examined a total of 98 adult obese patients (36 males, 62 females) who underwent a 6-month dietary behavioral weight-loss treatment at our Center. Pre-treatment and treatment-related variables were collected or calculated from clinical charts in order to discriminate those subjects who completed treatment from those who abandoned it before its completion. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of drop-out. Results The drop-out rates were 21% at 1 month and 57% at 6 months. Compared with completers, noncompleters were significantly younger in terms of age at first dieting attempt (24.0 ± 10.7 vs. 31.3 ± 11.2 years, P = 0.005), had lower diastolic blood pressure (87.8 ± 9.7 vs. 92.7 ± 11.4 mmHg, P = 0.022), had a lower baseline body fat percentage (38.5 ± 6.4 vs. 41.2 ± 4.4% weight, P = 0.015), and had a lower percentage of early weight loss (-1.8 ± 1.8% vs. -3.1 ± 2.1%, P = 0.035). Moreover, noncompleters significantly differed from completers with regard to type of referral (34.1% vs. 53.3% sent by a physician, P = 0.036) and SCL-90 anger-hostility subscale (0.83 ± 0.72 vs. 0.53 ± 0.51, P = 0.022). A multivariable logistic regression analysis including pre-treatment variables showed that body fat percentage (P = 0.030) and SCL-90 anger-hostility subscale (P = 0.021) were independently associated with attrition. In a multivariable model considering both pre-treatment and treatment-related factors, attrition was found to be independently related to the age at first dieting attempt (P = 0.016) and the achievement of early weight loss (P = 0.029). Conclusions Our data confirm that psychopathological tracts, early dieting attempts, and a poor initial treatment response are key independent predictors of drop-out from obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Tagliabue
- Human Nutrition and Eating Disorder Research Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, via A, Bassi, 21, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
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192
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Lincoln KD, Abdou CM, Lloyd D. Race and socioeconomic differences in obesity and depression among Black and non-Hispanic White Americans. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2014; 25:257-75. [PMID: 24509025 PMCID: PMC4830390 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and depression often co-occur; however, the association between these conditions is poorly understood, especially among racial/ethnic minority groups. Using multinomial logistic regression and data from the National Survey of American Life, the relationships between race, ethnicity, and sociodemographic factors to the joint classification of body mass index categories and depression among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites were examined. Differential risk for the combination of obesity and depression by sociodemographic status was found. Being African American, female, young, married, or having low income or education increases the risk for obesity without depression. Risk factors for obesity with depression include being female, young, married and having a low income. Race was not a significant predictor of obesity with depression relative to normal weight without depression status. However, racial differences were observed among the non-depressed. Non-depressed African Americans were more likely than non-depressed Whites or Caribbean Blacks to be obese.
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193
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Malik S, Mitchell JE, Engel S, Crosby R, Wonderlich S. Psychopathology in bariatric surgery candidates: a review of studies using structured diagnostic interviews. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:248-59. [PMID: 24290079 PMCID: PMC3985130 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are not uncommon among severely obese patients who present for bariatric surgery. This paper (1) reviews the results of the published studies using the structured interviews to assess psychopathology in bariatric surgery candidates; (2) compares the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders across these studies with the data from other population samples; and (3) assesses whether sociodemographic variables appear to affect these prevalence rates. We searched online resources, PubMed, PsychINFO and reference lists of all the relevant articles to provide an overview of evidence so far and highlight some details in the assessment and comparisons of different samples in different countries. The prevalence estimates in the non-treatment obese group did not appear to differ substantially from the general population group in the US or the Italian population samples, although they were relatively higher for the German population. However, the rates of psychopathology in the bariatric surgery candidates were considerably higher than the other two population groups in all the samples. Overall, the most common category of lifetime Axis I disorders in all the studies was affective disorders, with anxiety disorders being the most common category of current Axis I disorders. Certain demographic characteristics are also associated with higher rates of psychopathology, such as, female gender, low socioeconomic status, higher BMI. Overall, methodological and sociodemographic differences make these studies difficult to compare and these differences should be taken into account when interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Malik
- Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota 58103 USA,Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA
| | - James E. Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota 58103 USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA,Corresponding Author: (J.E. Mitchell)
| | - Scott Engel
- Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota 58103 USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA
| | - Ross Crosby
- Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota 58103 USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA
| | - Steve Wonderlich
- Department of Clinical Research, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota 58103 USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102, USA
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194
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Assari S. Association Between Obesity and Depression Among American Blacks: Role of Ethnicity and Gender. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-014-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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195
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Do life-events that obese inpatients think happened to them soon before their subjective problematic weight gain have an effect on their current psychopathology over and beyond BMI and binge eating? Eat Weight Disord 2013; 18:367-75. [PMID: 24057678 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-013-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study had two aims: (1) to investigate life-events that obese inpatients think happened to them during the 6 months preceding their subjective problematic weight gain and (2) to evaluate the associations of such life-events with psychopathology controlling for the effects of gender, age, BMI and binge eating in a large sample of obese inpatients referred to hospital for weight-loss treatment. The analysis used cross-sectional data on 2,900 obese adults from the hospital database. Psychopathology was assessed with the SCL-90 questionnaire, binge eating was evaluated with the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and life-events were retrospectively assessed with a pre-defined self-report checklist asking patients to select the events that occurred to them in the 6 months preceding their problematic weight gain. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the association between a pre-defined classification of patients according to the kind of life-events ("no event", "undefined events", "negative events" and "mixed events") with psychopathology controlling for gender, age, BMI and binge eating. The life-events factor was significantly associated with psychopathology even after adjusting for the effects of gender, age, BMI and binge eating. A significant linear trend was evident so that obese patients who reported both negative and undefined events or only negative events had higher levels of psychopathology than patients reporting only undefined events or no event. Though these findings should be considered with caution due to the subjective recall of problematic weight gain and the retrospective assessment of life-events, future studies investigating the link between obesity and psychopathology should not ignore the role of negative life-events that obese patients think happened to them before weight gain.
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196
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Comparing Adult Males and Females in the United States to Examine the Association between Body Mass Index and Frequent Mental Distress: An Analysis of Data from BRFSS 2011. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2013; 2013:230928. [PMID: 24350237 PMCID: PMC3848265 DOI: 10.1155/2013/230928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background. There is conflicting evidence regarding the association of body
mass index (BMI) with mental distress. Studies have focused on different dimensions of
mental health and used different definitions and many of them have not controlled for confounding factors.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between frequent mental distress
(FMD) and BMI among adults in the United States, with special emphasis on gender differences.
Methods. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
for the year 2011 were used in logistic regression models to predict FMD, defined as having 14
or more days of poor mental health in the previous month. Sociodemographic factors, tobacco
and alcohol use, diet and physical activity, and number of chronic diseases were controlled for.
Results. 11.95% (n = 53,715) of the participants with valid responses (n = 496,702) had FMD. The adjusted ORs of having FMD among underweight,
overweight, and obese females were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.60), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.19),
and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.31), respectively, but they were not statistically significant for males.
Conclusions. These findings suggest a relationship between BMI and FMD,
independent of other variables. It may be useful to explore longitudinal trend in this association.
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Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Obesity and substance misuse: is there a relationship? INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 10:30-35. [PMID: 24307980 PMCID: PMC3849872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between obesity and alcohol/drug misuse has been examined through both site studies and large epidemiological studies. In reviewing 19 site studies that have examined alcohol misuse among the obese, in comparison with rates before 1990, rates since 1990 have doubled (6.2% to 14.3%). Of the 7 studies that have examined drug misuse among the obese, rates average 8.0%. Given the potential limitations of varying study populations, methodologies, and prevalence assessments, these rates closely reflect those in the general population, according to data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication study. As for the findings from 5 large epidemiological studies, Overall, findings do not clearly support the contention that obese individuals are at a higher risk for substance misuse, although specific sub-populations of the obese may be (e.g., those with Cluster B personality disorders). If there is an association between some obese populations and substance abuse, this may be accounted for by overlapping neurohormonal correlates. However, some authorities contend that food and drugs compete for the same reward pathways in the brain, suggesting that obesity may actually be protective against substance misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy A Sansone
- R. Sansone is a professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine at Wright State University School of Medicine in Dayton, OH, and Director of Psychiatry Education at Kettering Medical Center in Kettering, OH. L. Sansone is a civilian family medicine physician and Medical Director of the Family Health Clinic at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Medical Center in WPAFB, OH. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or United States Government
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Machado TD, Dalle Molle R, Laureano DP, Portella AK, Werlang ICR, Benetti CDS, Noschang C, Silveira PP. Early life stress is associated with anxiety, increased stress responsivity and preference for "comfort foods" in adult female rats. Stress 2013; 16:549-56. [PMID: 23781957 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2013.816841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress increases anxiety and encourages intake of palatable foods as "comfort foods". This effect seems to be mediated by altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the current study, litters of Wistar rats were subjected to limited access to nesting material (Early-Life Stress group - ELS) or standard care (Control group) from postnatal day 2 to 9. In adult life, anxiety was assessed using the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and acute stress responsivity by measurement of plasma corticosterone and ACTH levels. Preference for palatable foods was monitored by a computerized system (BioDAQ, Research Diets(®)) in rats receiving only regular chow or given the choice of regular and palatable diet for 30 days. ELS-augmented adulthood anxiety in the NSFT (increased latency to eat in a new environment; decreased chow intake upon return to the home cage) and increased corticosterone (but not ACTH) secretion in response to stress. Despite being lighter and consuming less rat chow, ELS animals ate more palatable foods during chronic exposure compared with controls. During preference testing, controls receiving long-term access to palatable diet exhibited reduced preference for the diet relative to controls exposed to regular chow only, whereas ELS rats demonstrated no such reduction in preference after prolonged palatable diet exposure. The increased preference for palatable foods showed by ELS animals may result from a habit of using this type of food to ameliorate anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Diniz Machado
- Programa de Pós Graduaçño em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Lahti J, Lallukka T, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Leisure-time physical activity and psychotropic medication: a prospective cohort study. Prev Med 2013; 57:173-7. [PMID: 23732242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a major public health problem associated with an increased risk of mental health problems. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of leisure-time physical activity with subsequent psychotropic medication among middle-aged people employed at baseline. METHODS Questionnaire survey data collected in 2000-02 among 40-60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki (N = 8960) were linked with register data on prescribed psychotropic medication (74% gave permission to linkage). The mean follow-up time was 4.2 years. The analysis included 5961 respondents (78% women). The participants were classified into four groups according to physical activity recommendations. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for the first psychotropic medication purchase. RESULTS Leisure-time physical activity was associated with decreased risk of any psychotropic medication. After adjusting for prior psychotropic medication conditioning exercisers (HR = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.53-0.80), the vigorously active (HR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.71-0.98) and the moderately active (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.74-0.97) all showed a reduced risk of medication compared with the inactive. The associations were similar for the two main groups of psychotropic medication: antidepressants as well as sedatives and sleep medication. CONCLUSIONS Leisure-time physical activity is potentially important for preventing mental health problems among the middle-aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Lahti
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Clum GA, Rice JC, Broussard M, Johnson CC, Webber LS. Associations between depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, eating styles, exercise and body mass index in women. J Behav Med 2013; 37:577-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-013-9526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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