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Abstract
Lipases are ubiquitous enzymes whose physiological role is the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol into fatty acids. They are the most studied and industrially interesting enzymes, thanks to their versatility to promote a plethora of reactions on a wide range of substrates. In fact, depending on the reaction conditions, they can also catalyze synthesis reactions, such as esterification, acidolysis and transesterification. The latter is particularly important for biodiesel production. Biodiesel can be produced from animal fats or vegetable oils and is considered as a biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable energy source. The use of lipases as industrial catalysts is subordinated to their immobilization on insoluble supports, to allow multiple uses and use in continuous processes, but also to stabilize the enzyme, intrinsically prone to denaturation with consequent loss of activity. Among the materials that can be used for lipase immobilization, mesoporous silica nanoparticles represent a good choice due to the combination of thermal and mechanical stability with controlled textural characteristics. Moreover, the presence of abundant surface hydroxyl groups allows for easy chemical surface functionalization. This latter aspect has the main importance since lipases have a high affinity with hydrophobic supports. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the recent progress of lipase immobilization in mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a focus on biodiesel production.
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152
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Kuribayashi LM, do Rio Ribeiro VP, de Santana RC, Ribeiro EJ, Dos Santos MG, Falleiros LNSS, Guidini CZ. Immobilization of β-galactosidase from Bacillus licheniformis for application in the dairy industry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3601-3610. [PMID: 33937931 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The food industry has developed a wide range of products with reduced lactose to allow people with intolerance to consume dairy products. Although β-galactosidase has extensive applications in the food, pharma, and biotechnology industries, the enzymes are high-cost catalysts, and their use makes the process costly. Immobilization is a viable strategy for enzyme retention inside a reactor, allowing its reuse and application in continuous processes. Here, we studied the immobilization of β-galactosidase from Bacillus licheniformis in ion exchange resin. A central composite rotational design (CCRD) was proposed to evaluate the immobilization process in relation to three immobilization solution variables: offered enzyme activity, ionic strength, and pH. The conditions that maximized the response were offered enzyme activity of 953 U, 40 mM ionic strength, and pH 4.0. Subsequently, experiments were performed to provide additional stabilization for biocatalyst, using a buffer solution pH 9.0 at 25 °C for 24 h, and crosslinking with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The stabilization step drastically impacted the activity of the immobilized enzyme, and the reticulation with different concentrations of glutaraldehyde showed significant influence on the activity of the immobilized enzyme. In spite of substantially affecting the initial activity of the immobilized enzyme, higher reagent concentrations (3.5 g L-1) were effective for maintaining stability related to the number of cycles of the enzyme immobilized. The β-galactosidase from Bacillus licheniformis immobilized in Duolite A568 is a promising technique to produce reduced or lactose-free dairy products, as it allows reuse of the biocatalyst, decreasing operational costs.Key Points• Immobilization of β-galactosidase from Bacillus licheniformis in batch reactor• Influence of buffer pH and ionic concentration and offered enzyme activity on immobilization• Influence of glutaraldehyde on operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Mayumi Kuribayashi
- Multidisciplinary Research, Science and Technology Network (RMPCT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, Centro, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-126, Brazil
| | - Victoria Pires do Rio Ribeiro
- Multidisciplinary Research, Science and Technology Network (RMPCT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, Centro, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-126, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Corrêa de Santana
- Multidisciplinary Research, Science and Technology Network (RMPCT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, Centro, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-126, Brazil
| | - Eloízio Júlio Ribeiro
- Multidisciplinary Research, Science and Technology Network (RMPCT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, Centro, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-126, Brazil
| | - Milla Gabriela Dos Santos
- Multidisciplinary Research, Science and Technology Network (RMPCT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, Centro, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-126, Brazil
| | - Larissa Nayhara Soares Santana Falleiros
- Multidisciplinary Research, Science and Technology Network (RMPCT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, Centro, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-126, Brazil
| | - Carla Zanella Guidini
- Multidisciplinary Research, Science and Technology Network (RMPCT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, Centro, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-126, Brazil.
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153
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Steudler S, Ayubi MM, Hilpmann G, Lange R, Werner A, Walther T, Bley T. Immobilization of xylanases on metallic hollow spheres for biochemical catalysis. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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154
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Rawat HK, Soni H, Suryawanshi RK, Choukade R, Prajapati BP, Kango N. Exo-inulinase production from Aspergillus fumigatus NFCCI 2426: purification, characterization, and immobilization for continuous fructose production. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1778-1790. [PMID: 33884619 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus was found to produce thermostable exo-inulinase (EC 3.8.1.80; 38 U/ml) on inulin-rich infusions. Exo-inulinase (14.6 U/mg) was immobilized on glutaraldehyde activated Ca-alginate beads for continuous generation of fructose by hydrolyzing sucrose, chicory, and dandelion substrates. Immobilization of enzyme was confirmed by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The exo-inulinase was purified using ion-exchange (1.30-folds) and size-exclusion chromatography (2.71-folds). The purified exo-inulinase showed 64 kDa band on gel and was optimally active at 60 °C and pH 6.0. Kinetic constants, Km and Vmax of purified exo-inulinase, were 5.88 mM and 1.66 µM/min, respectively, and its relative activity was found to be enhanced (125.8%) in the presence of calcium ion. Immobilized preparation was utilized for continuous generation of fructose from chicory juice (26 to 70%) and dandelion root extracts (16 to 24%) by recycling upto five cycles, respectively. In comparison to other sweeteners, such as sucrose, fructose is considered as a healthy alternative. The present study demonstrated the use of immobilized exo-inulinase in continuous generation of fructose from some underutilized plant sources that can be used in food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Thermostable exo-inulinase produced by A. fumigatus was immobilized on calcium alginate matrix and was employed for continuous hydrolysis of chicory juice and dandelion root extract for generation of fructose syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar Rawat
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
- Division of Microbiology, Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Suryawanshi
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ritumbhara Choukade
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhanu Pratap Prajapati
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
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155
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Green Production of Cladribine by Using Immobilized 2'-Deoxyribosyltransferase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii Stabilized through a Double Covalent/Entrapment Technology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050657. [PMID: 33947162 PMCID: PMC8146660 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, enzyme-mediated processes offer an eco-friendly and efficient alternative to the traditional multistep and environmentally harmful chemical processes. Herein we report the enzymatic synthesis of cladribine by a novel 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase (NDT)-based combined biocatalyst. To this end, Lactobacillus delbrueckii NDT (LdNDT) was successfully immobilized through a two-step immobilization methodology, including a covalent immobilization onto glutaraldehyde-activated biomimetic silica nanoparticles followed by biocatalyst entrapment in calcium alginate. The resulting immobilized derivative, SiGPEI 25000-LdNDT-Alg, displayed 98% retained activity and was shown to be active and stable in a broad range of pH (5-9) and temperature (30-60 °C), but also displayed an extremely high reusability (up to 2100 reuses without negligible loss of activity) in the enzymatic production of cladribine. Finally, as a proof of concept, SiGPEI 25000-LdNDT-Alg was successfully employed in the green production of cladribine at mg scale.
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156
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Immobilization of the Peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita. The Effect of the Immobilization pH on the Features of an Ionically Exchanged Dimeric Peroxygenase. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper outlines the immobilization of the recombinant dimeric unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO). The enzyme was quite stable (remaining unaltered its activity after 35 h at 47 °C and pH 7.0). Phosphate destabilized the enzyme, while glycerol stabilized it. The enzyme was not immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose supports, while it was immobilized albeit in inactive form on vinyl-sulfone-activated supports. rAaeUPO immobilization on glutaraldehyde pre-activated supports gave almost quantitative immobilization yield and retained some activity, but the biocatalyst was very unstable. Its immobilization via anion exchange on PEI supports also produced good immobilization yields, but the rAaeUPO stability dropped. However, using aminated agarose, the enzyme retained stability and activity. The stability of the immobilized enzyme strongly depended on the immobilization pH, being much less stable when rAaeUPO was adsorbed at pH 9.0 than when it was immobilized at pH 7.0 or pH 5.0 (residual activity was almost 0 for the former and 80% for the other preparations), presenting stability very similar to that of the free enzyme. This is a very clear example of how the immobilization pH greatly affects the final biocatalyst performance.
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157
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Hozhabr Araghi S, John A, Sadeghi Googheri MS. How a crosslinker agent interacts with the β-glucosidase enzyme surface in an aqueous solution: Insight from quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111761. [PMID: 33872829 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, surficial interactions of glutaraldehyde (GA) as an important crosslinker agent with the β-glucosidase (BGL) enzyme surface were investigated by theoretical methods. Since the inherent constraints of experimental methods limit their application to find the molecular perspective of these significant interactions in enzyme immobilization, theoretical methods were used as a complementary tool to understand this concept. The Minnesota density functional calculations showed that the chair conformations of the oxane-2,6-diol form of the GA were more stable than its free aldehyde form. MD simulations of propylamine-GA molecules, as a representative of attached-GA, in aqueous solutions of different concentrations were done to determine the molecular basis of surficial interactions with the BGL surface. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) demonstrated that the maximum flexibility of the BGL enzyme belonged to 460-480 residues in all solutions. Based on the spatial distribution function (SDF) analysis, the active site entrance was the most favored region to accumulate solute molecules. Radial distribution function (RDF) results showed that all forms of propylamine-GA molecules interacted from their head side with the lysine residues of BGL, which Lys247, Lys376, and Lys384 were found to be the most interactive lysine residues. Also, hydrogen bond (HB) analysis from two viewpoints confirmed HB formation possibility between propylamine-GA molecules and these lysine residues. These results explained which regions of the BGL have the maximum possibility to interact and link to GA and help us in understanding the process of enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Hozhabr Araghi
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Amalraj John
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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158
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Ricardi NC, Arenas LT, Benvenutti EV, Hinrichs R, Flores EEE, Hertz PF, Costa TMH. High performance biocatalyst based on β-d-galactosidase immobilized on mesoporous silica/titania/chitosan material. Food Chem 2021; 359:129890. [PMID: 33934029 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new support for the immobilization of β-d-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis was developed, consisting of mesoporous silica/titania with a chitosan coating. This support presents a high available surface area and adequate pore size for optimizing the immobilization efficiency of the enzyme and, furthermore, maintaining its activity. The obtained supported biocatalyst was applied in enzyme hydrolytic activity tests with o-NPG, showing high activity 1223 Ug-1, excellent efficiency (74%), and activity recovery (54%). Tests of lactose hydrolysis in a continuous flow reactor showed that during 14 days operation, the biocatalyst maintained full enzymatic activity. In a batch system, after 15 cycles, it retained approximately 90% of its initial catalytic activity and attained full conversion of the lactose 100% (±12%). Additionally, with the use of the mesoporous silica/titania support, the biocatalyst presented no deformation and fragmentation, in both systems, demonstrating high operational stability and appropriate properties for applications in food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leliz Ticona Arenas
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edilson Valmir Benvenutti
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ruth Hinrichs
- Instituto de Geociências (IGEO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elí Emanuel Esparza Flores
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Plinho Francisco Hertz
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Haas Costa
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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159
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Bu Y, Zhang T, Jiang B, Chen J. Improved Performance of D-Psicose 3-Epimerase by Immobilisation on Amino-Epoxide Support with Intense Multipoint Attachment. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040831. [PMID: 33920442 PMCID: PMC8069956 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
D-allulose is an epimer of D-fructose at the C-3 position. With similar sweetness to sucrose and a low-calorie profile, D-allulose has been considered a promising functional sweetener. D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase; EC 5.1.3.30) catalyses the synthesis of D-allulose from D-fructose. Immobilised enzymes are becoming increasingly popular because of their better stability and reusability. However, immobilised DPEase generally exhibits less activity or poses difficulty in separation. This study aimed to obtain immobilised DPEase with high catalytic activity, stability, and ease of separation from the reaction solution. In this study, DPEase was immobilised on an amino-epoxide support, ReliZyme HFA403/M (HFA), in four steps (ion exchange, covalent binding, glutaraldehyde crosslinking, and blocking). Glycine-blocked (four-step immobilisation) and unblocked (three-step immobilisation) immobilised DPEase exhibited activities of 103.5 and 138.8 U/g support, respectively, but contained equal amounts of protein. After incubation at 60 °C for 2 h, the residual activity of free enzyme decreased to 12.5%, but the activities of unblocked and blocked DPEase remained at 40.9% and 52.3%, respectively. Immobilisation also altered the substrate specificity of the enzyme, catalysing L-sorbose to L-tagatose and D-tagatose to D-sorbose. Overall, the immobilised DPEase with intense multipoint attachment, especially glycine-blocked DPEase, showed better properties than the free form, providing a superior potential for D-allulose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (J.C.)
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (J.C.)
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.B.); (T.Z.); (J.C.)
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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160
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Salem K, Jabalera Y, Puentes-Pardo JD, Vilchez-Garcia J, Sayari A, Hmida-Sayari A, Jimenez-Lopez C, Perduca M. Enzyme Storage and Recycling: Nanoassemblies of α-Amylase and Xylanase Immobilized on Biomimetic Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:4054-4063. [PMID: 35070520 PMCID: PMC8765010 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes has been extensively required in a wide variety of industrial applications as a way to ensure functionality and the potential of enzyme recycling after use. In particular, enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could offer reusability by means of magnetic recovery and concentration, along with increased stability and robust activity of the enzyme under different physicochemical conditions. In the present work, microbial α-amylase (AmyKS) and xylanase (XAn11) were both immobilized on different types of MNPs [MamC-mediated biomimetic MNPs (BMNPs) and inorganic MNPs] by using two different strategies (electrostatic interaction and covalent bond). AmyKS immobilization was successful using electrostatic interaction with BMNPs. Instead, the best strategy to immobilize XAn11 was using MNPs through the hetero-crosslinker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The immobilization protocols were optimized by varying glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration, enzyme quantity, and reaction time. Under optimal conditions, 92% of AmyKS and 87% of XAn11 were immobilized on BMNPs and MNPs-E/N, respectively (here referred as AmyKS-BMNPs and XAn11-MNPs nanoassemblies). The results show that the immobilization of the enzymes did not extensively alter their functionality and increased enzyme stability compared to that of the free enzyme upon storage at 4 and 20 °C. Interestingly, the immobilized amylase and xylanase were reused for 15 and 8 cycles, respectively, without significant loss of activity upon magnetic recovery of the nanoassemblies. The results suggest the great potential of these nanoassemblies in bioindustry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Salem
- Centre
de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université
de Sfax, Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP “1177”, 3018 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Ylenia Jabalera
- Departamento
de Microbiologia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose David Puentes-Pardo
- Departamento
de Microbiologia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Vilchez-Garcia
- Departamento
de Microbiologia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Adel Sayari
- ENIS,
Université de Sfax, BP “1173”, 3038 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Aïda Hmida-Sayari
- Centre
de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université
de Sfax, Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP “1177”, 3018 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez
- Departamento
de Microbiologia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- . Phone: +34
958249833
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- . Phone: +39 0458027984
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161
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Gutiérrez-Climente R, Clavié M, Dumy P, Mehdi A, Subra G. Sol-gel process: the inorganic approach in protein imprinting. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2155-2178. [PMID: 33624655 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02941f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteins play a central role in the signal transmission in living systems since they are able to recognize specific biomolecules acting as cellular receptors, antibodies or enzymes, being themselves recognized by other proteins in protein/protein interactions, or displaying epitopes suitable for antibody binding. In this context, the specific recognition of a given protein unlocks a range of interesting applications in diagnosis and in targeted therapies. Obviously, this role is already fulfilled by antibodies with unquestionable success. However, the design of synthetic artificial systems able to endorse this role is still challenging with a special interest to overcome limitations of antibodies, in particular their production and their stability. Molecular Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are attractive recognition systems which could be an alternative for the specific capture of proteins in complex biological fluids. MIPs can be considered as biomimetic receptors or antibody mimics displaying artificial paratopes. However, MIPs of proteins remains a challenge due to their large size and conformational flexibility, their complex chemical nature with multiple recognition sites and their low solubility in most organic solvents. Classical MIP synthesis conditions result in large polymeric cavities and unspecific binding sites on the surface. In this review, the potential of the sol-gel process as inorganic polymerization strategy to overcome the drawbacks of protein imprinting is highlighted. Thanks to the mild and biocompatible experimental conditions required and the use of water as a solvent, the inorganic polymerization approach better suited to proteins than organic polymerization. Through numerous examples and applications of MIPs, we proposed a critical evaluation of the parameters that must be carefully controlled to achieve sol-gel protein imprinting (SGPI), including the choice of the monomers taking part in the polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascal Dumy
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France.
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
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162
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Unsal T, Wang D, Kumseranee S, Punpruk S, Mohamed MES, Saleh MA, Gu T. Assessment of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide Biocide Enhanced by D-Tyrosine against Zinc Corrosion by a Sulfate Reducing Bacterium. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Unsal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | | | | | - Magdy El-Said Mohamed
- Research and Development Center, Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen A. Saleh
- Research and Development Center, Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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163
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Braham SA, Siar EH, Arana-Peña S, Bavandi H, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, de Andrades D, Kornecki JF, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Positive effect of glycerol on the stability of immobilized enzymes: Is it a universal fact? Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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164
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Liu Y, Yang J, Wang K, Duan F, Lu L. Carrier-Free Immobilization of α-Galactosidase as Nano-Biocatalysts for Synthesizing Prebiotic α-Galacto-Oligosaccharides. Molecules 2021; 26:1248. [PMID: 33669157 PMCID: PMC7956481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOSs) have great functions as prebiotics and therapeutics. This work established the method of batch synthesis of α-GOSs by immobilized α-galactosidase for the first time, laying a foundation for industrial applications in the future. The α-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger L63 was immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) nano-biocatalyst through enzyme precipitating and cross-linking steps without using carriers. Among the tested agents, the ammonium sulfate showed high precipitation efficacy and induced regular structures of α-galactosidase CLEAs (Aga-CLEAs) that had been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Through optimization by response surface methodology, the ammonium sulfate-induced Aga-CLEAs achieved a high activity recovery of around 90% at 0.55 U/mL of enzymes and 36.43 mM glutaraldehyde with cross-linking for 1.71 h. Aga-CLEAs showed increased thermal stability and organic solvent tolerance. The storage ability was also improved since it maintained 74.5% activity after storing at 4 °C for three months, significantly higher than that of the free enzyme (21.6%). Moreover, Aga-CLEAs exhibited excellent reusability in the α-GOSs synthesis from galactose, retaining above 66% of enzyme activity after 10 batch reactions, with product yields all above 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lili Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (K.W.); (F.D.)
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165
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Lima RDCL, Böcker U, McDougall GJ, Allwood JW, Afseth NK, Wubshet SG. Magnetic ligand fishing using immobilized DPP-IV for identification of antidiabetic ligands in lingonberry extract. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247329. [PMID: 33617581 PMCID: PMC7899330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new magnetic ligand fishing probe for discovery of DPP-IV inhibitory ligands was developed and it was tested as a proof of concept on the fruit extract of Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry). The ligands were shown to have appreciable dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity (IC50: 31.8 μg mL-1).) Inhibition of DPP-IV is a well-known therapeutic approach for management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-IV was successfully immobilized onto magnetic beads and was shown to retain its catalytic activity and selectivity over a model mixture. A total of four ligands were successfully fished out and identified as cyanidin-3-galactoside (2), cyanidin-3-arabinoside (3), proanthocynidin A (4), and 10-carboxyl-pyranopeonidin 3-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside (5) using HPLC/HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gordon J. McDougall
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J. William Allwood
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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166
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Morellon-Sterling R, Siar EH, Braham SA, de Andrades D, Pedroche J, Millán MDC, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Effect of amine length in the interference of the multipoint covalent immobilization of enzymes on glyoxyl agarose beads. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:128-142. [PMID: 33600890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, penicillin G acylase and ficin extract have been stabilized by immobilization on glyoxyl agarose, adding different aliphatic compounds bearing a primary amine group during the immobilization: ethyl amine, butyl amine, hexyl amine (at concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mM) and octyl amine (from 0 to 10 mM) to analyze their effects on the immobilized enzyme stability. As expected, the presence of amines reduced the intensity of the enzyme-support multipoint covalent attachment, and therefore the enzyme stability. However, it is clear that this effect is higher using octyl amine for all enzymes (in some cases the enzyme immobilized in the presence of 10 mM octyl amine was almost inactivated while the reference kept over 50 % of the initial activity). This way, it seems that the most important effect of the presence of aminated compounds came from the generation of steric hindrances to the enzyme/support multi-reaction promoted by the ammines that are interacting with the aldehyde groups. In some instances, just 1 mM of aminated compounds is enough to greatly decrease enzyme stability. The results suggested that, if the composition of the enzyme extract is unknown, to eliminate small aminated compounds may be necessary to maximize the enzyme-support reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - El-Hocine Siar
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Madrid, Spain; Transformation and Food Product Elaboration Laboratory, Nutrition and Food, Technology Institute (INATAA), University of Brothers Mentouri Constantine 1, Algeria
| | - Sabrina Ait Braham
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Madrid, Spain; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Madrid, Spain; Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Group of Plant Proteins, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Mª Del Carmen Millán
- Group of Plant Proteins, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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167
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Harini T, Muddagoni J, Sheelu G, Rode HB, Kumaraguru T. Polymer supported cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of lipase B from Candida antarctica: An efficient and recyclable biocatalyst for reactions in both aqueous and organic media. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1885381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tirunagari Harini
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jayashree Muddagoni
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gurrala Sheelu
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Haridas B. Rode
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Thenkrishnan Kumaraguru
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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168
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Neto CACG, Silva NCGE, de Oliveira Costa T, de Albuquerque TL, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha MVP. The β-galactosidase immobilization protocol determines its performance as catalysts in the kinetically controlled synthesis of lactulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:468-478. [PMID: 33592268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, 3 different biocatalysts of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis have been prepared by immobilization in chitosan activated with glutaraldehyde (Chi_Glu_Gal), glyoxyl agarose (Aga_Gly_Gal) and agarose coated with polyethylenimine (Aga_PEI_Gal). These biocatalysts have been used to catalyze the synthesis of lactulose from lactose and fructose. Aga-PEI-Gal only produces lactulose at 50 °C, and not at 25 or 37 °C, Aga_Gly_Gal was unable to produce lactulose at any of the assayed temperatures while Chi_Glu_Gal produced lactulose at all assayed temperatures, although a lower yield was obtained at 25 or 37 °C. The pre-incubation of this biocatalyst at 50 °C permitted to obtain similar yields at 25 or 37 °C than at 50 °C. The use of milk whey instead of pure lactose and fructose produced an improvement in the yields using Aga_PEI_Gal and a decrease using Chi_Glu_Gal. The operational stability also depends on the reaction medium and of biocatalyst. This study reveals how enzyme immobilization may greatly alter the performance of β-galactosidase in a kinetically controlled manner, and how medium composition influences this performance due to the kinetic properties of β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Chaves Girão Neto
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thaís de Oliveira Costa
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tiago Lima de Albuquerque
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica - CSIC, Campus of excellence UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the external scientific advisory board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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169
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Effect of Concentrated Salts Solutions on the Stability of Immobilized Enzymes: Influence of Inactivation Conditions and Immobilization Protocol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040968. [PMID: 33673063 PMCID: PMC7918437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effects of some salts (NaCl, (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4) at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 on the stability of 13 different immobilized enzymes: five lipases, three proteases, two glycosidases, and one laccase, penicillin G acylase and catalase. The enzymes were immobilized to prevent their aggregation. Lipases were immobilized via interfacial activation on octyl agarose or on glutaraldehyde-amino agarose beads, proteases on glyoxyl agarose or glutaraldehyde-amino agarose beads. The use of high concentrations of salts usually has some effects on enzyme stability, but the intensity and nature of these effects depends on the inactivation pH, nature and concentration of the salt, enzyme and immobilization protocol. The same salt can be a stabilizing or a destabilizing agent for a specific enzyme depending on its concentration, inactivation pH and immobilization protocol. Using lipases, (NH4)2SO4 generally permits the highest stabilities (although this is not a universal rule), but using the other enzymes this salt is in many instances a destabilizing agent. At pH 9.0, it is more likely to find a salt destabilizing effect than at pH 7.0. Results confirm the difficulty of foreseeing the effect of high concentrations of salts in a specific immobilized enzyme.
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170
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Effect of cross-linked enzyme aggregate strategy on characterization of sn-1,3 extracellular lipase from Aspergillus niger GZUF36. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1925-1941. [PMID: 33559718 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The sn-1,3 extracellular lipase from Aspergillus niger GZUF36 (EXANL1) has important potential applications. The cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) of purified EXANL1 (CLEA-EXANL1) achieved optimum activity recovery (148.5 ± 0.9%), immobilization yield (100 ± 0%), and recovered activity (99.7 ± 0.6%) with 80% tert-butanol as the precipitant, glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration of 30 mM, GA treatment time of 1.5 h, and centrifugal speed of 6000×g. The effect of CLEA strategy on the characterization of EXANL1 was evaluated in this work. CLEA-EXANL1 exhibited a broader optimum pH range (4-6) compared with free EXANL1 (6.5). CLEA-EXANL1 presented optimum activity at 40 °C, which was 5 °C higher than that of free EXANL1. CLEA strategy decreased the maximum reaction rate and increased the Michaelis-Menten constant of EXANL1 when olive oil emulsion was used as a substrate. Moreover, after 30 days, free EXANL1 lost more than 80.0% of its activity, whereas CLEA-EXANL1 retained more than 90.0% of its activity. CLEA strategy improved the tolerance of EXANL1 in polar organic solvents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the CLEA technique increased the contents of β-sheets and β-turns in EXANL1 and reduced those of α-helixes and irregular crimps. CLEA strategy caused no change in the sn-1,3 selectivity of EXANL1. Therefore, EXANL1 in the form of CLEA is a valuable catalyst in the synthesis of 1,3-diacylglycerol. KEY POINTS: • Cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) strategy broadened the optimum pH range of sn-1,3 extracellular lipase from Aspergillus niger GZUF36 (EXANL1). • CLEA strategy improved the tolerance of EXANL1 in polar organic solvents. • CLEA strategy caused no change in the positional selectivity of EXANL1.
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171
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Lee CH, Lee HS, Lee JW, Kim J, Lee JH, Jin ES, Hwang ET. Evaluating enzyme stabilizations in calcium carbonate: Comparing in situ and crosslinking mediated immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:341-350. [PMID: 33556395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization using inorganic materials has been shown to preserve enzyme activity improving and improve their practical applications in biocatalytic process designs. Proper immobilization methods have been used to obtain high recycling and storage stability. In this study, we compared the activity and stability of in situ or crosslink-immobilized enzymes in a CaCO3 biomineral carrier. More than 30% of the initial enzyme activity was preserved for both the systems after 180 days upon 15 activity measurements at room temperature, confirming the improved stability of these enzyme systems (100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 8.0); however, differences in enzyme loading, activity, and characteristics were observed for each of these methods. Each system exhibited efficacy of 80% and 20%, respectively. Based on the same amount of immobilized enzyme (0.2 mg), the specific activities of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate substrate at room temperature of in situ immobilized carboxyl esterase (CE) and crosslinked CE were 11.37 and 7.63 mM min-1 mg-1, respectively (100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 8.0). Moreover, based on the kinetic behavior, in situ immobilized CE exhibited improved catalytic efficiency (Vmax Km-1) of the enzyme, exhibiting 4-fold higher activity and efficiency values than those of the CE immobilized in CaCO3. This is the first study to describe the stabilization of enzymes in CaCO3 and compare the enzyme kinetics and efficiencies between in situ immobilization and crosslinking in CaCO3 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangyong Kim
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Seon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ee Taek Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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172
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Ahmad S, Sebai W, Belleville MP, Brun N, Galarneau A, Sanchez-Marcano J. Enzymatic monolithic reactors for micropollutants degradation. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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173
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Zhang S, Bilal M, Zdarta J, Cui J, Kumar A, Franco M, Ferreira LFR, Iqbal HMN. Biopolymers and nanostructured materials to develop pectinases-based immobilized nano-biocatalytic systems for biotechnological applications. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109979. [PMID: 33648214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pectinases are the emerging enzymes of the biotechnology industry with a 25% share in the worldwide food and beverage enzyme market. These are green and eco-friendly tools of nature and hold a prominent place among the commercially produced enzymes. Pectinases exhibit applications in various industrial bioprocesses, such as clarification of fruit juices and wine, degumming, and retting of plant fibers, extraction of antioxidants and oil, fermentation of tea/coffee, wastewater remediation, modification of pectin-laden agro-industrial waste materials for high-value products biosynthesis, manufacture of cellulose fibres, scouring, bleaching, and size reduction of fabric, cellulosic biomass pretreatment for bioethanol production, etc. Nevertheless, like other enzymes, pectinases also face the challenges of low operational stability, recoverability, and recyclability. To address the above-mentioned problems, enzyme immobilization has become an eminently promising approach to improve their thermal stability and catalytic characteristics. Immobilization facilitates easy recovery and recycling of the biocatalysts multiple times, leading to enhanced performance and commercial feasibility.In this review, we illustrate recent developments on the immobilization of pectinolytic enzymes using polymers and nanostructured materials-based carrier supports to constitute novel biocatalytic systems for industrial exploitability. The first section reviewed the immobilization of pectinases on polymers-based supports (ca-alginate, chitosan, agar-agar, hybrid polymers) as a host matrix to construct robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems. The second half covers nanostructured supports (nano-silica, magnetic nanostructures, hybrid nanoflowers, dual-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, montmorillonite clay), and cross-linked enzyme aggregates for enzyme immobilization. The biotechnological applications of the resulted immobilized robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems are also meticulously vetted. Finally, the concluding remarks and future recommendations are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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174
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Molina-Gutiérrez M, Rodríguez-Sánchez L, Doñoro C, Martínez MJ, Prieto A. Sustainable and Green Synthesis of Stanol Esters from Oil Wastes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:286-293. [PMID: 33375783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant lipase ofOphiostoma piceae (OPEr) is characterized by its prominent sterol esterase activity. The protein was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles, giving four enzyme variants that have been tested in solvent-free transesterification of methyl oleate and sitostanol. The yields of stanol esters reached 85%, and the catalysts can be reused. Stanol esters were also obtained in a two-step cascade reaction; a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters was enzymatically synthesized from cooking oil wastes and then used for stanol transesterification. An 85% conversion was achieved in 2 h from the second cycle onward, maintaining the activity over 5 cycles. The biocatalysts can be safely used since they don't release toxic compounds for HeLa and A549 cell lines. These procedures comply with the principles of green chemistry and contribute to the sustainable production of these nutraceuticals from secondary raw materials, like the lipid fraction from industrial or agricultural residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Molina-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Doñoro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Jesús Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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175
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Toprak A, Tükel SS, Yildirim D. Stabilization of multimeric nitrilase via different immobilization techniques for hydrolysis of acrylonitrile to acrylic acid. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1869217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Toprak
- Vocational School of Acigol, University of Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli, Nevsehir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - S. Seyhan Tükel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yildirim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Ceyhan Engineering, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
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176
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Naramittanakul A, Buttranon S, Petchsuk A, Chaiyen P, Weeranoppanant N. Development of a continuous-flow system with immobilized biocatalysts towards sustainable bioprocessing. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Implementing immobilized biocatalysts in continuous-flow systems can enable a sustainable process through enhanced enzyme stability, better transport and process continuity as well as simplified recycle and downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apisit Naramittanakul
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Supacha Buttranon
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Atitsa Petchsuk
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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177
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M. Laccase aggregates via poly-lysine-supported immobilization onto PEGA resin, with efficient activity and high operational stability and can be used to degrade endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Laccase was for the first time immobilized as enzyme aggregates onto PEGA resin using the technique of poly-lysine-supported cross-linking. Immobilized laccase showed efficient enzymatic activity with high operational stability and good reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Liberal Art Education Center
- Tokai University
- Kumamoto
- Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture
| | - Masaya Miyazaki
- Center for Plasma Nano-interface Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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178
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Saikia K, Rathankumar AK, Vaithyanathan VK, Cabana H, Vaidyanathan VK. Preparation of highly diffusible porous cross-linked lipase B from Candida antarctica conjugates: Advances in mass transfer and application in transesterification of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:583-592. [PMID: 33385453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work pronounces the three phase partitioning (TPP)-facilitated preparation of porous cross-linked Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) aggregates (pCLEAs) for 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) esters synthesis. CLEAs and pCLEAs of CaLB were prepared with eupergit as the support under the optimized conditions of pH 8.0, eupergit/protein ratio of 3.0:1.0, 50 mM cross-linker concentration and 3.3 mg/mL BSA concentration in 4 h. The optimum starch concentration for pCLEAs was 0.20%, m/v. The maximum biocatalytic load was 650 U/g (CLEAs) and 721 U/g (pCLEAs), and the immobilized biocatalysts were stable over a pH range of 6.0-9.0 and temperature range of (40-60)°C. The BET surface area of CLEAs and pCLEAs were 21.3 and 29.1 m2/g, respectively, and the catalytic efficiency of pCLEAs was 2.2-fold higher than that of CLEAs. Subsequently, the pCLEAs of CaLB were utilized for the manufacturing of industrially significant HMF esters. Under the optimized transesterification conditions, HMF conversion with pCLEAs CaLB was 1.41- and 1.25-fold higher than with free and CLEAs CaLB, respectively. The pCLEAs were reused upto 8 consecutive transesterification cycles and the produced HMF esters reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 32.6 mN/m, proving its potential application as surface-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkona Saikia
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India; Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India; Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India; Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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179
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Alagöz D, Toprak A, Yildirim D, Tükel SS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Modified silicates and carbon nanotubes for immobilization of lipase from Rhizomucor miehei: Effect of support and immobilization technique on the catalytic performance of the immobilized biocatalysts. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 144:109739. [PMID: 33541574 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML) was covalently immobilized on different supports, two silica gels and two carbon nanotube samples, using two different strategies. RML was immobilized on 3-carboxypropyl silica gel (RML@Si-COOH) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes containing carboxylic acid functionalities (RML@MCNT-COOH) using a two-step carbodiimide activation/immobilization reaction. Moreover, the enzyme was also immobilized on 3-aminopropyl silica (RML@Si-Glu) and single-wall carbon nanotubes functionalized with 3-APTES and activated with glutaraldehyde (RML@SCNT-Glu). Before and after RML immobilization, the structurel properties of supports were characterized and compared in detail. After immobilization, the expressed activities were 36.9, 90.2, 16.9, and 26.1 % for RML@Si-COOH, RML@Si-Glu, RML@MCNT-COOH, and RML@SCNT-Glu, respectively. The kinetic parameters of free and immobilized RML samples were determined for three substrates, p-nitrophenyl acetate, p-nitrophenyl butyrate and p-nitrophenyl palmitate, and RML@Si-Glu showed higher catalytic efficiency than the other immobilized RML samples. RML@Si-COOH, RML@Si-Glu, RML@MCNT-COOH, and RML@SCNT-Glu exhibited 5.8, 7.6, 4.2 and 4.6 folds longer half-life values than those of the free enzyme at pH 7.5 and 40 °C. Recyclability studies showed that all the immobilized RML biocatalysts retained over 90 % of their initial activities after ten cycles in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Alagöz
- Cukurova University, Imamoglu Vocational School, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Ali Toprak
- Cukurova University, Sciences & Letters Faculty, Chemistry Department, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yildirim
- Cukurova University, Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department, Adana, Turkey
| | - S Seyhan Tükel
- Cukurova University, Sciences & Letters Faculty, Chemistry Department, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento De Biocatalisis, ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Crue 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of The External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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180
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Hernández-Corroto E, Sánchez-Milla M, Sánchez-Nieves J, de la Mata FJ, Marina ML, García MC. Immobilization of thermolysin enzyme on dendronized silica supports. Evaluation of its feasibility on multiple protein hydrolysis cycles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2338-2348. [PMID: 33132126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluates different dendrimer-silica supports for the immobilization of enzymes by multipoint covalent binding. Thermolysin was immobilized on two dendrimers (PAMAM and carbosilane) with two different generations (zero (G0) and first (G1)). Results were compared with a control, a silica support functionalized with a monofunctional molecule. Dendrimers increased the number of available sites to bind the enzyme. Despite the enzyme was immobilized on all supports, G0 dendrimers immobilized a 30% more enzyme than G1. Thermolysin immobilized on G0 dendrimer supports showed the highest activity and could be employed in three consecutive hydrolysis cycles. Optimal immobilization time was 1 h while optimal protein loading was 25 mg enzyme/100 mg support. Enzyme activity was promoted when using 5 mg of immobilized enzyme at 750 rpm, 60 °C, and 2 h of hydrolysis. Under these conditions, the activity of thermolysin increased up to the 78% of the free enzyme activity. Kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction using the immobilized thermolysin was also studied and compared with the obtained using the free thermolysin. The addition of ZnCl2 and NaCl during the immobilization procedure increased thermolysin activity in the second (22% more) and in the third (14% more) hydrolysis clycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Hernández-Corroto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Milla
- Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río", Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río", Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río", Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río", Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Concepción García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río", Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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181
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Kim JY, Sung GY, Park M. Efficient Portable Urea Biosensor Based on Urease Immobilized Membrane for Monitoring of Physiological Fluids. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120596. [PMID: 33322630 PMCID: PMC7764381 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have addressed the utilization of glutaraldehyde (GA) as a homobifunctional cross-linker. However, its applicability has been impeded due to several issues, including the tendency of GA molecules to undergo polymerization. Herein, a portable urea biosensor was developed for the real-time monitoring of the flow of physiological fluids; this was achieved by using disuccinimidyl cross-linker-based urease immobilization. Urease was immobilized on a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid support using different disuccinimidyl cross-linkers, namely disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG), disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) and bis-N-succinimidyl-(pentaethylene glycol) ester (BS(PEG)5). A urease activity test revealed that DSS exhibited the highest urease immobilizing efficiency, whereas FT-IR analysis confirmed that urease was immobilized on the PTFE membrane via DSS cross-linking. The membrane was inserted in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluidic chamber that generated an electrochemical signal in the presence of a flowing fluid containing urea. Urea samples were allowed to flow into the urea biosensor (1.0 mL/min) and the signal was measured using chronoamperometry. The sensitivity of the DSS urea biosensor was the highest of all the trialed biosensors and was found to be superior to the more commonly used GA cross-linker. To simulate real-time monitoring in a human patient, flowing urea-spiked human serum was measured and the effective urease immobilization of the DSS urea biosensor was confirmed. The repeatability and interference of the urea biosensor were suitable for monitoring urea concentrations typically found in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Kim
- Cooperative Course of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (G.Y.S.)
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Gun Yong Sung
- Cooperative Course of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (G.Y.S.)
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
- Major in Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Min Park
- Cooperative Course of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea; (J.Y.K.); (G.Y.S.)
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
- Major in Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
- Correspondence:
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182
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Corradini FAS, Milessi TS, Gonçalves VM, Ruller R, Sargo CR, Lopes LA, Zangirolami TC, Tardioli PW, Giordano RC, Giordano RLC. High stabilization and hyperactivation of a Recombinant β-Xylosidase through Immobilization Strategies. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 145:109725. [PMID: 33750534 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Attainment of a stable and highly active β-xylosidase is of major importance for the efficient and cost-competitive hydrolysis of hemicellulose xylan, as well as for its industrial conversion into biofuels and biochemicals. Here, a recombinant β-xylosidase of the glycoside hydrolase family (GH43) from Bacillus subtilis was produced in Escherichia coli culture, purified, and subsequently immobilized on agarose and chitosan. Glutaraldehyde and glyoxyl groups were evaluated as activating agents to select the most efficient derivative. Multi-point immobilization on agarose led to an extraordinary thermal stability (half-lives 3604 and 164-fold higher than the free enzyme, at 50° and 35 °C, respectively). Even for chitosan activated with glutaraldehyde, a low-cost support, thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme was 326 and 12-fold higher than the free enzyme at 50° and 35°C, respectively. Immobilized enzymes showed no release of any subunit for the agarose-glyoxyl derivative, and only a few ones for the support activated with glutaraldehyde. Most remarkably, the enzyme kinetic behavior after immobilization increased up to 4-fold in relation to the free one. β-xylosidase, a tetrameric enzyme with four identical subunits, exists in equilibrium between the monomeric and oligomeric forms in solution. Depending on the pH of immobilization, the enzyme oligomerization can be favored, thus explaining the hyperactivation phenomenon. Both glyoxyl-agarose and chitosan-glutaraldehyde derivatives were used to catalyze corncob xylan hydrolysis, reaching 72 % conversion, representing a xylose productivity of around 20 g L-1 h-1. After ten 4h-cycles (pH 6.0, 35 °C), the xylan-to-xylose conversion remained approximately unchanged. Therefore, the immobilized β-xylosidases prepared in this work can be of great interest as biocatalysts in a biorefinery context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A S Corradini
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais S Milessi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Institute of Natural Resources, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1300, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - Viviane M Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Av Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- General Biochemistry and Microorganism Laboratory, Bioscience Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva, s/n, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Cíntia R Sargo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laiane A Lopes
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa C Zangirolami
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo W Tardioli
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Giordano
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel L C Giordano
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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183
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Yang Q, Gao Y, Xu L, Hong W, She Y, Yang G. Enzyme-driven micro/nanomotors: Recent advances and biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:457-469. [PMID: 33278445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors (MNMs), both self-propelled actuators and external fields-promoted machines, have joined forces in the past decade to accomplish versatile tasks such as precise detection and targeted cargo delivery with adequate propulsion and desirable locomotion. Amongst, enzyme-driven MNMs have been able to differentiate themselves from others owing to their distinct characteristics, such as absence of chemical fuel, enhanced cellular uptake and the possibility to be easily conjugated with many therapeutics, including both small molecules and biologics, displaying superior efficacy, enhanced specificity and diminished side effects. In the present review, we aim to highlight and summarize recent advances in enzyme-driven MNMs, particularly to provide an in-depth discussion focusing on the enzyme linking approaches onto those MNMs and motion control strategies of such MNMs with advantages and limitations thereof. Conclusions and future perspectives are also provided in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Weiyong Hong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Taizhou Municipal Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Gensheng Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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184
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Layer-by-layer assembly based low pressure biocatalytic nanofiltration membranes for micropollutants removal. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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185
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Khan N, Husain Q, Qayyum N. Enhanced dye decolorization efficiency of gellan gum complexed Ziziphus mauritiana peroxidases in a stirred batch process. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2000-2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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186
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Preparation and synthetic dye decolorization ability of magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of laccase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:727-735. [PMID: 33245440 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are versatile oxidases that are capable of decolorizing various synthetic dyes. Recombinant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens laccase was immobilized as magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (M-CLEAs) for application in dye decolorization. Several parameters influencing the activity recovery were evaluated during the synthesis of M-CLEAs. With ammonium sulfate as precipitant, maximum activity was recovered by cross-linking with 0.16% glutaraldehyde for 1 h. The prepared M-CLEAs exhibited improved activity under alkaline conditions. It remained 74% activity after incubation at 60 °C for 5 h. Enhanced tolerance towards NaCl was also observed for the M-CLEAs, with 68% activity remaining in the presence of 1 M NaCl. The immobilized laccase could rapidly decolorize more than 93% of reactive black 5 and indigo carmine in 1 h, while its catalytic efficiency towards reactive blue 19 was relatively low. After four cycles of consecutive reuse, the M-CLEAs could decolorize 92% of indigo carmine. The easy recovery and reusability of M-CLEAs facilitate the potential application of bacterial laccase in dye decolorization.
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187
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Ademakinwa AN, Agunbiade MO, Fagbohun O. Biodegradation of cyanide in cassava wastewater using a novel thermodynamically-stable immobilized rhodanese. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:607-617. [PMID: 33206023 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1846053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular rhodanese obtained from Aureobasidium pullulans was employed in both free and immobilized forms for the biodegradation of cyanide present in cassava processing mill effluent (CPME). Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (at an optimum concentration of 5% v/v) before entrapment in alginate beads resulted in the highest immobilization yield of 94.5% and reduced enzyme leakage of 1.8%. Rhodanese immobilized by cross-linking before entrapment (cbe) retained about 46% of its initial activity after eight cycles of catalysis compared to the entrapment in alginate alone (eaa) which lost more than 79% after the fifth catalytic cycle. A cross-examination of thermodynamic (ΔGd*, ΔSd*, ΔHd*) kinetic (kd, t1/2, D and z-values) parameters at 30-70 °C showed that cbe displayed a higher resistance to thermal inactivation when compared to the free enzyme (fe) and (eaa). The efficiency of cyanide biodegradation from the CPME by the fe, eaa and cbe were 55, 62, and 74% respectively after 6 h. Rhodanese immobilized via cbe had a higher resistance to thermal denaturation over other enzyme forms. Hence, this makes cbe adaptable for large-scale detoxification of cyanide from CPME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayowa Oladele Agunbiade
- Applied Microbiology and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Oladapo Fagbohun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
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188
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Ficin: A protease extract with relevance in biotechnology and biocatalysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:394-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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189
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Optimization of immobilization conditions of Bacillus atrophaeus FSHM2 lipase on maleic copolymer coated amine-modified graphene oxide nanosheets and its application for valeric acid esterification. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1790-1806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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190
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Bilal M, Anh Nguyen T, Iqbal HM. Multifunctional carbon nanotubes and their derived nano-constructs for enzyme immobilization – A paradigm shift in biocatalyst design. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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191
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Okura NS, Sabi GJ, Crivellenti MC, Gomes RA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Mendes AA. Improved immobilization of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus on a new chitosan-based heterofunctional support: Mixed ion exchange plus hydrophobic interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:550-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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192
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Paitaid P, H-Kittikun A. Enhancing immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae ST11 lipase on polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane by bovine serum albumin and its application for biodiesel production. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:536-549. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1836654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pattarapon Paitaid
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aran H-Kittikun
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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193
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Wahba MI, Hassan ME, Ali KA. Chitosan-glutaraldehyde activated carrageenan-alginate beads for β-D-galactosidase covalent immobilisation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1832476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I. Wahba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hassan
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Korany A. Ali
- Centre of Scientific Excellence-Group of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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194
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Dong S, Jiang Y, Qin G, Liu L, Zhao H. Methionine-Based pH and Oxidation Dual-Responsive Block Copolymer: Synthesis and Fabrication of Protein Nanogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4063-4075. [PMID: 32914964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we synthesized a block copolymer containing pendent thioether functionalities by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of a tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-l-methionine-(2-methacryloylethyl)ester (Boc-METMA) monomer using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based chain transfer agent. The deprotection of Boc groups resulted in an oxidation and pH dual-responsive cationic block copolymer PEG-b-P(METMA). The block copolymer PEG-b-P(METMA) possessing protonable amine groups was water-soluble at pH < 6.0 and self-assembled to form spherical micelles at pH > 6.0. In the presence of H2O2, the micelles first became highly swollen with time and completely disassembled at last, demonstrating the H2O2-responsive feature because of the oxidation of hydrophobic thioether to hydrophilic sulfoxide. The anticancer drug curcumin (Cur) was entrapped in the polymeric micelles and the Cur-loaded micelles displayed a H2O2-triggered release profile as well as a pH-dependent release behavior, making PEG-b-P(METMA) micelles promising nanocarriers for reactive oxygen species-responsive drug delivery. Taking advantage of the protonated amine groups, the cationic polyelectrolyte PEG-b-P(METMA) formed polyion complex micelles with glucose oxidase (GOx) through electrostatic interactions at pH 5.8. By cross-linking the cores of PIC micelles with glutaraldehyde, the PIC micelles were fixed to generate stable GOx nanogels under physiological conditions. The GOx nanogels were glucose-responsive and exhibited glucose-dependent H2O2-generation activity in vitro and improved storage and thermal stability of GOx. Cur can be encapsulated in the GOx nanogels, and the Cur-loaded GOx nanogels demonstrate the glucose-responsive release profile. The GOx nanogels displayed high cytotoxicity to 4T1 cells and were effectively internalized by the cells. Therefore, these GOx nanogels have potential applications in the areas of cancer starvation and oxidation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yanfen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Guoyang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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195
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Lee CH, Jin ES, Lee JH, Hwang ET. Immobilization and Stabilization of Enzyme in Biomineralized Calcium Carbonate Microspheres. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:553591. [PMID: 33163476 PMCID: PMC7581938 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.553591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralized uniform and well-organized calcium carbonate microspheres were synthesized for enzyme immobilization, and the immobilized enzyme was successfully stabilized. The physicochemical parameters of calcium carbonate were studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface area measurement. Additionally, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda adsorption/desorption analysis showed that the calcium carbonate microspheres provided efficient mesopore space for enzyme loading. As a model enzyme, carboxyl esterase (CE) was entrapped and then cross-linked to form an enzyme structure. In this aggregate, the cross-linked enzymes cannot leach out from mesopores, resulting in enzyme stability. The hydrolytic activities of the free and cross-linked enzymes were analyzed over broad temperature and pH ranges. The cross-linked enzyme displayed better activity than the free enzyme. Furthermore, the immobilized CE was found to be stable for more than 30 days, preserving 60% of its initial activity even after being reused more than 10 times. This report is expected to be the first demonstration of a stabilized cross-linked enzyme system in calcium carbonate microspheres, which can be applied in enzyme catalyzed reactions involved in bioprocessing, bioremediation, and bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Eon Seon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Ee Taek Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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196
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Chitosan-based CLEAs from Aspergillus niger type A feruloyl esterase: high-productivity biocatalyst for alkyl ferulate synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10033-10045. [PMID: 33026494 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of alkyl ferulates is an important reaction in cosmetic and pharmaceutical chemistries, since it may allow to expand the biorefinery concept valorizing biomass wastes enriched in ferulic acid. However, robust biocatalysts for that purpose are scarce. Herein, we have immobilized the type A feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus niger (AnFaeA) as cross-linked enzyme aggregates, employing chitosan as co-feeder (ChCLEAs). High immobilization yields and relative activity recovery were attained in all assessed conditions (> 93%). Furthermore, we enhanced the thermal stability of the soluble enzyme 32-fold. AnFaeA-ChCLEAs were capable to quantitatively perform the solvent-free direct esterification of short- to medium-chain alkyl ferulates (C4-C12) in less than 24 h. By raising the operational temperature to 50 °C, AnFaeA-ChCLEAs transformed 350 mM ferulic acid into isopentyl ferulate with a space-time yield of 46.1 g of product × L-1 × day-1, 73-fold higher than previously reported. The overall sustainability of this alkyl ferulate production bioprocess is supported by the high total turnover number (TTN 7 × 105) and the calculated green metrics (E factor = 30). Therefore, we herein present a robust, efficient, and versatile heterogeneous biocatalyst useful for the synthesis of a wide diversity of alkyl ferulates. KEY POINTS: • CLEAs of feruloyl esterase A from A. niger using chitosan as co-feeder were obtained. • Microenvironment of the biocatalysts allowed to obtain C1 to C18 alkyl ferulates. • Biocatalyst at boundary conditions showed a high productivity of 46 g/L day. Graphical Abstract.
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197
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Kimberle PDS, Carolina MS, Ana ISB, Luciana RBG. Modifying alcalase activity and stability by immobilization onto chitosan aiming at the production of bioactive peptides by hydrolysis of tilapia skin gelatin. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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198
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Mechanically stable egg white protein based immobilization carrier for β-D-galactosidase: Thermodynamics and application in whey lactose hydrolysis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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199
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de Lima JM, Furlani IL, da Silva LRG, Valverde AL, Cass QB. Micro- and nano-sized amine-terminated magnetic beads in a ligand fishing assay. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4116-4122. [PMID: 32766628 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized micro- and nano-sized magnetic beads (MBs) have been widely used as versatile supports for proteins, enzymes, and drugs. Immobilized protein on MB surfaces has been successfully applied for ligand fishing assays allowing for direct identification of active ligands from complex mixtures, such as natural products and synthetic libraries. MBs with different properties such as different core compositions, sizes, coatings, and surface modifications are available commercially. Studies have been conducted to understand the role of these properties for ligand fishing assays. Here we evaluated, for the first time, the effect of MB size on the ligand fishing assay for acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus (AChE). For this purpose, four commercially available amine-terminated magnetic particles with diameters ranging from 4.5 nm to 106 μm were evaluated to fish out galantamine, a well-known AChE inhibitor, from an aqueous solution. All MBs were efficient at using glutaraldehyde to covalently immobilize AChE. The particles with diameters of about 1 μm (small microparticles) presented a higher protein mass capacity per milligram of particle than did those with diameters of about 4.5 nm (nanoparticles) and those with diameters of about 106 μm (large microparticles). The influence of these supports on the produced AChE-MBs with regards to hydrolysis turnover and ligand fishing was evaluated and is fully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Maria de Lima
- Separare, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
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200
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Joseph JE, Mary PR, Haritha KV, Panwar D, Kapoor M. Soluble and Cross-Linked Aggregated Forms of α-Galactosidase from Vigna mungo Immobilized on Magnetic Nanocomposites: Improved Stability and Reusability. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:238-256. [PMID: 32894388 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases hold immense potential due to their biotechnological applications in various industrial and functional food sectors. In the present study, soluble and covalently cross-linked aggregated forms of a low molecular weight, thermo-labile α-galactosidase from Vigna mungo (VM-αGal) seeds were immobilized onto chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles for improved stability and repeated usage by magnetic separation. Parameters like precipitants (type, amount, and ratio), glutaraldehyde concentration, and enzyme load were optimized for the preparation of chitosan-coated magnetic nanocomposites of cross-linked VM-αGal (VM-αGal-MC) and VM-αGal (VM-αGal-M) resulted in 100% immobilization efficiency. Size and morphology of VM-αGal-M were studied through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the chemical composition of VM-αGal-MC and VM-αGal-M. VM-αGal-MC and VM-αGal-M were found more active in a broad range of pH (3-8) and displayed optimal temperatures up to 25 °C higher than VM-αGal. Addition of non-ionic detergents (except Tween-40) improved VM-αGal-MC activity by up to 44% but negatively affected VM-αGal-M activity. Both VM-αGal-MC (15% residual activity after 21 min at 85 °C, Ed 92.42 kcal/mol) and VM-αGal-M (69.0% residual activity after 10 min at 75 °C, Ed 39.87 kcal/mol) showed remarkable thermal stability and repeatedly hydrolyzed the substrate for 10 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juby Elsa Joseph
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India
| | - Priyanka Rose Mary
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, 201 002, India
| | - K V Haritha
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India
| | - Deepesh Panwar
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, 201 002, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, 201 002, India.
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