151
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Trzcinski P, Weagant S, Karanassios V. Wireless Data Acquisition of Transient Signals for Mobile Spectrometry Applications. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:905-915. [PMID: 27006023 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816638304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wireless data acquisition using smartphones or handhelds offers increased mobility, it provides reduced size and weight, it has low electrical power requirements, and (in some cases) it has an ability to access the internet. Thus, it is well suited for mobile spectrometry applications using miniaturized, field-portable spectrometers, or detectors for chemical analysis in the field (i.e., on-site). There are four main wireless communications standards that can be used for wireless data acquisition, namely ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and UWB (ultra-wide band). These are briefly reviewed and are evaluated for applicability to data acquisition of transient signals (i.e., time-domain) in the field (i.e., on-site) from a miniaturized, field-portable photomultiplier tube detector and from a photodiode array detector installed in a miniaturized, field-portable fiber optic spectrometer. These are two of the most widely used detectors for optical measurements in the ultraviolet-visible range of the spectrum. A miniaturized, 3D-printed, battery-operated microplasma-on-a-chip was used for generation of transient optical emission signals. Elemental analysis from liquid microsamples, a microplasma, and a handheld or a smartphone will be used as examples. Development and potential applicability of wireless data acquisition of transient optical emission signals for taking part of the lab to the sample types of mobile, field-portable spectrometry applications will be discussed. The examples presented are drawn from past and ongoing work in the authors' laboratory. A handheld or a smartphone were used as the mobile computing devices of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Trzcinski
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Scott Weagant
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Vassili Karanassios
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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152
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Hu J, Cui X, Gong Y, Xu X, Gao B, Wen T, Lu TJ, Xu F. Portable microfluidic and smartphone-based devices for monitoring of cardiovascular diseases at the point of care. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:305-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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153
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Kwon L, Long K, Wan Y, Yu H, Cunningham B. Medical diagnostics with mobile devices: Comparison of intrinsic and extrinsic sensing. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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154
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Scheeline A, Anh Bùi T. Stacked, Mutually Rotated Diffraction Gratings as Enablers of Portable Visible Spectrometry. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:766-77. [PMID: 27006024 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816638246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional color CMOS cameras have become ubiquitous. They promise to support ubiquitous spectrometry. When raw illumination levels can be measured by such cameras, their use for spectrometry depends on using as many pixels as possible and on being able to calibrate images at point-of-use. Stacked, mutually rotated transmission diffraction gratings provide a means to generate multi-order, wide dynamic range dispersed visible spectra suitable for absorption, reflection, and fluorescence spectrometry. The theoretical basis for dispersion, resolution, and normalization of such spectra are derived, and initial characterization is reported.
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155
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Im H, Park YI, Pathania D, Castro CM, Weissleder R, Lee H. Digital diffraction detection of protein markers for avian influenza. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1340-5. [PMID: 26980325 PMCID: PMC4829473 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid pathogen testing is expected to play a critical role in infection control and in limiting epidemics. Smartphones equipped with state-of-the-art computing and imaging technologies have emerged as new point-of-use (POU) sensing platforms. We herein report a new assay format for fast, sensitive and portable detection of avian influenza-associated antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yong Il Park
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Divya Pathania
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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156
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157
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Yang F, Gao C, Wang P, Zhang GJ, Chen Z. Fish-on-a-chip: microfluidics for zebrafish research. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1106-25. [PMID: 26923141 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00044d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency zebrafish (embryo) handling platforms are crucially needed to facilitate the deciphering of the increasingly expanding vertebrate-organism model values. However, the manipulation platforms for zebrafish are scarce and rely mainly on the conventional "static" microtiter plates or glass slides with rigid gel, which limits the dynamic, three-dimensional (3D), tissue/organ-oriented information acquisition from the intact larva with normal developmental dynamics. In addition, these routine platforms are not amenable to high-throughput handling of such swimming multicellular biological entities at the single-organism level and incapable of precisely controlling the growth microenvironment by delivering stimuli in a well-defined spatiotemporal fashion. Recently, microfluidics has been developed to address these technical challenges via tailor-engineered microscale structures or structured arrays, which integrate with or interface to functional components (e.g. imaging systems), allowing quantitative readouts of small objects (zebrafish larvae and embryos) under normal physiological conditions. Here, we critically review the recent progress on zebrafish manipulation, imaging and phenotype readouts of external stimuli using these microfluidic tools and discuss the challenges that confront these promising "fish-on-a-chip" technologies. We also provide an outlook on future potential trends in this field by combining with bionanoprobes and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Chuan Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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158
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Propagation phasor approach for holographic image reconstruction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22738. [PMID: 26964671 PMCID: PMC4786813 DOI: 10.1038/srep22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve high-resolution and wide field-of-view, digital holographic imaging techniques need to tackle two major challenges: phase recovery and spatial undersampling. Previously, these challenges were separately addressed using phase retrieval and pixel super-resolution algorithms, which utilize the diversity of different imaging parameters. Although existing holographic imaging methods can achieve large space-bandwidth-products by performing pixel super-resolution and phase retrieval sequentially, they require large amounts of data, which might be a limitation in high-speed or cost-effective imaging applications. Here we report a propagation phasor approach, which for the first time combines phase retrieval and pixel super-resolution into a unified mathematical framework and enables the synthesis of new holographic image reconstruction methods with significantly improved data efficiency. In this approach, twin image and spatial aliasing signals, along with other digital artifacts, are interpreted as noise terms that are modulated by phasors that analytically depend on the lateral displacement between hologram and sensor planes, sample-to-sensor distance, wavelength, and the illumination angle. Compared to previous holographic reconstruction techniques, this new framework results in five- to seven-fold reduced number of raw measurements, while still achieving a competitive resolution and space-bandwidth-product. We also demonstrated the success of this approach by imaging biological specimens including Papanicolaou and blood smears.
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159
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Morais S, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Disc-based microarrays: principles and analytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4523-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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160
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Biteen JS, Blainey PC, Cardon ZG, Chun M, Church GM, Dorrestein PC, Fraser SE, Gilbert JA, Jansson JK, Knight R, Miller JF, Ozcan A, Prather KA, Quake SR, Ruby EG, Silver PA, Taha S, van den Engh G, Weiss PS, Wong GCL, Wright AT, Young TD. Tools for the Microbiome: Nano and Beyond. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6-37. [PMID: 26695070 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome presents great opportunities for understanding and improving the world around us and elucidating the interactions that compose it. The microbiome also poses tremendous challenges for mapping and manipulating the entangled networks of interactions among myriad diverse organisms. Here, we describe the opportunities, technical needs, and potential approaches to address these challenges, based on recent and upcoming advances in measurement and control at the nanoscale and beyond. These technical needs will provide the basis for advancing the largely descriptive studies of the microbiome to the theoretical and mechanistic understandings that will underpin the discipline of microbiome engineering. We anticipate that the new tools and methods developed will also be more broadly useful in environmental monitoring, medicine, forensics, and other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Biteen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Zoe G Cardon
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1015, United States
| | - Miyoung Chun
- The Kavli Foundation , Oxnard, California 93030, United States
| | - George M Church
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Biophysics Program, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Scott E Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California , Molecular and Computational Biology, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Department of Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward G Ruby
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii-Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Pamela A Silver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Biophysics Program, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sharif Taha
- The Kavli Foundation , Oxnard, California 93030, United States
| | - Ger van den Engh
- Center for Marine Cytometry , Concrete, Washington 98237, United States
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción , Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Aaron T Wright
- Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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161
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Abstract
High-resolution optical microscopy has traditionally relied on high-magnification and high-numerical aperture objective lenses. In contrast, lensless microscopy can provide high-resolution images without the use of any focusing lenses, offering the advantages of a large field of view, high resolution, cost-effectiveness, portability, and depth-resolved three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Here we review various approaches to lensless imaging, as well as its applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and cytometry. These approaches include shadow imaging, fluorescence, holography, superresolution 3D imaging, iterative phase recovery, and color imaging. These approaches share a reliance on computational techniques, which are typically necessary to reconstruct meaningful images from the raw data captured by digital image sensors. When these approaches are combined with physical innovations in sample preparation and fabrication, lensless imaging can be used to image and sense cells, viruses, nanoparticles, and biomolecules. We conclude by discussing several ways in which lensless imaging and sensing might develop in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydogan Ozcan
- Department of Electrical Engineering.,Department of Bioengineering, and.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095;
| | - Euan McLeod
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721;
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162
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Abstract
Smartphone based platform turbidimeter measuring turbidity in drinking and different environmental water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Hussain
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotnics Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Tezpur University
- India
| | - K. Ahamad
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Tezpur University
- India
| | - P. Nath
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotnics Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Tezpur University
- India
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163
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Cai X, Yang Q, Ding J, Ye W, Li X, Xiao J. Paper-based FRET for the direct detection of collagen triple helix. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7009-7013. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01901c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The integration of the GO-based FRET assay with a patterned paper provides a powerful new tool for the detection of collagen molecules with many superior features: tiny volumes of samples, multichannel detection mode, easy operation and low-cost equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jiamin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Weiran Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jianxi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
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164
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Chamorro-Garcia A, Merkoçi A. Nanobiosensors in diagnostics. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2016; 3:1849543516663574. [PMID: 29942385 PMCID: PMC5998262 DOI: 10.1177/1849543516663574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical diagnosis has been greatly improved thanks to the development of new techniques capable of performing very sensitive detection and quantifying certain parameters. These parameters can be correlated with the presence of specific molecules and their quantity. Unfortunately, these techniques are demanding, expensive, and often complicated. On the other side, progress in other fields of science and technology has contributed to the rapid growth of nanotechnology. Although being an emerging discipline, nanotechnology has raised huge interest and expectations. Most of the enthusiasm comes from new possibilities and properties of nanomaterials. Biosensors (simple, robust, sensitive, cost-effective) combined with nanomaterials, also called nanobiosensors, are serving as bridge between advanced detection/diagnostics and daily/routine tests. Here we review some of the latest applications of nanobiosensors in diagnostics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chamorro-Garcia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technolgy, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technolgy, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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165
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Chan HN, Shu Y, Xiong B, Chen Y, Chen Y, Tian Q, Michael SA, Shen B, Wu H. Simple, Cost-Effective 3D Printed Microfluidic Components for Disposable, Point-of-Care Colorimetric Analysis. ACS Sens 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiwei Shu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sean A. Michael
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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166
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Li H, Fang X, Cao H, Kong J. Paper-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for directly detecting nucleic acids and proteins. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 80:79-83. [PMID: 26807518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay (FRET) is gaining great interest in detecting macro-biological molecule. It is difficult to achieve conveniently and fast detection for macro-biological molecule. Herein, a graphene oxide (GO)-based paper chip (glass fiber) integrated with fluorescence labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for fast, inexpensive and direct detection of biological macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) has been developed. In this paper, we employed the Cy3/FAM-labeled ssDNA as the reporter and the GO as quencher and the original glass fiber paper as data acquisition substrates. The chip which was designed and fabricated by a cutting machine is a miniature biosensor that monitors fluorescence recovery from resonance energy transfer. The hybridization assays and fluorescence detection were all simplified, and the surface of the chip did not require immobilization or washing. A Nikon Eclipse was employed as excited resource and a commercial digital camera was employed for capturing digital images. This paper-based microfluidics chip has been applied in the detection of proteins and nucleic acids. The biosensing capability meets many potential requirements for disease diagnosis and biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Suxin Co. Ltd., PR China.
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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167
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Compact Wireless Microscope for In-Situ Time Course Study of Large Scale Cell Dynamics within an Incubator. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18483. [PMID: 26681552 PMCID: PMC4683435 DOI: 10.1038/srep18483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of live cells in a region of interest is essential to life science research. Unlike the traditional way that mounts CO2 incubator onto a bulky microscope for observation, here we propose a wireless microscope (termed w-SCOPE) that is based on the “microscope-in-incubator” concept and can be easily housed into a standard CO2 incubator for prolonged on-site observation of the cells. The w-SCOPE is capable of tunable magnification, remote control and wireless image transmission. At the same time, it is compact, measuring only ~10 cm in each dimension, and cost-effective. With the enhancement of compressive sensing computation, the acquired images can achieve a wide field of view (FOV) of ~113 mm2 as well as a cellular resolution of ~3 μm, which enables various forms of follow-up image-based cell analysis. We performed 12 hours time-lapse study on paclitaxel-treated MCF-7 and HEK293T cell lines using w-SCOPE. The analytic results, such as the calculated viability and therapeutic window, from our device were validated by standard cell detection assays and imaging-based cytometer. In addition to those end-point detection methods, w-SCOPE further uncovered the time course of the cell’s response to the drug treatment over the whole period of drug exposure.
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168
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Greenbaum A, Zhang Y, Feizi A, Chung PL, Luo W, Kandukuri SR, Ozcan A. Wide-field computational imaging of pathology slides using lens-free on-chip microscopy. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:267ra175. [PMID: 25520396 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Optical examination of microscale features in pathology slides is one of the gold standards to diagnose disease. However, the use of conventional light microscopes is partially limited owing to their relatively high cost, bulkiness of lens-based optics, small field of view (FOV), and requirements for lateral scanning and three-dimensional (3D) focus adjustment. We illustrate the performance of a computational lens-free, holographic on-chip microscope that uses the transport-of-intensity equation, multi-height iterative phase retrieval, and rotational field transformations to perform wide-FOV imaging of pathology samples with comparable image quality to a traditional transmission lens-based microscope. The holographically reconstructed image can be digitally focused at any depth within the object FOV (after image capture) without the need for mechanical focus adjustment and is also digitally corrected for artifacts arising from uncontrolled tilting and height variations between the sample and sensor planes. Using this lens-free on-chip microscope, we successfully imaged invasive carcinoma cells within human breast sections, Papanicolaou smears revealing a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and sickle cell anemia blood smears over a FOV of 20.5 mm(2). The resulting wide-field lens-free images had sufficient image resolution and contrast for clinical evaluation, as demonstrated by a pathologist's blinded diagnosis of breast cancer tissue samples, achieving an overall accuracy of ~99%. By providing high-resolution images of large-area pathology samples with 3D digital focus adjustment, lens-free on-chip microscopy can be useful in resource-limited and point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Greenbaum
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alborz Feizi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ping-Luen Chung
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shivani R Kandukuri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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169
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Vashist SK, Luppa PB, Yeo LY, Ozcan A, Luong JH. Emerging Technologies for Next-Generation Point-of-Care Testing. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:692-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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170
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Capitán-Vallvey LF, López-Ruiz N, Martínez-Olmos A, Erenas MM, Palma AJ. Recent developments in computer vision-based analytical chemistry: A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 899:23-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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171
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Berg B, Cortazar B, Tseng D, Ozkan H, Feng S, Wei Q, Chan RYL, Burbano J, Farooqui Q, Lewinski M, Di Carlo D, Garner OB, Ozcan A. Cellphone-Based Hand-Held Microplate Reader for Point-of-Care Testing of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7857-66. [PMID: 26159546 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Standard microplate based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are widely utilized for various nanomedicine, molecular sensing, and disease screening applications, and this multiwell plate batched analysis dramatically reduces diagnosis costs per patient compared to nonbatched or nonstandard tests. However, their use in resource-limited and field-settings is inhibited by the necessity for relatively large and expensive readout instruments. To mitigate this problem, we created a hand-held and cost-effective cellphone-based colorimetric microplate reader, which uses a 3D-printed opto-mechanical attachment to hold and illuminate a 96-well plate using a light-emitting-diode (LED) array. This LED light is transmitted through each well, and is then collected via 96 individual optical fibers. Captured images of this fiber-bundle are transmitted to our servers through a custom-designed app for processing using a machine learning algorithm, yielding diagnostic results, which are delivered to the user within ∼1 min per 96-well plate, and are visualized using the same app. We successfully tested this mobile platform in a clinical microbiology laboratory using FDA-approved mumps IgG, measles IgG, and herpes simplex virus IgG (HSV-1 and HSV-2) ELISA tests using a total of 567 and 571 patient samples for training and blind testing, respectively, and achieved an accuracy of 99.6%, 98.6%, 99.4%, and 99.4% for mumps, measles, HSV-1, and HSV-2 tests, respectively. This cost-effective and hand-held platform could assist health-care professionals to perform high-throughput disease screening or tracking of vaccination campaigns at the point-of-care, even in resource-poor and field-settings. Also, its intrinsic wireless connectivity can serve epidemiological studies, generating spatiotemporal maps of disease prevalence and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Berg
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bingen Cortazar
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haydar Ozkan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University , Istanbul 34445, Turkey
| | - Steve Feng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Raymond Yan-Lok Chan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jordi Burbano
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qamar Farooqui
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael Lewinski
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. , Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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172
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Leng Y, Sun K, Chen X, Li W. Suspension arrays based on nanoparticle-encoded microspheres for high-throughput multiplexed detection. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5552-95. [PMID: 26021602 PMCID: PMC5223091 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spectrometrically or optically encoded microsphere based suspension array technology (SAT) is applicable to the high-throughput, simultaneous detection of multiple analytes within a small, single sample volume. Thanks to the rapid development of nanotechnology, tremendous progress has been made in the multiplexed detecting capability, sensitivity, and photostability of suspension arrays. In this review, we first focus on the current stock of nanoparticle-based barcodes as well as the manufacturing technologies required for their production. We then move on to discuss all existing barcode-based bioanalysis patterns, including the various labels used in suspension arrays, label-free platforms, signal amplification methods, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based platforms. We then introduce automatic platforms for suspension arrays that use superparamagnetic nanoparticle-based microspheres. Finally, we summarize the current challenges and their proposed solutions, which are centered on improving encoding capacities, alternative probe possibilities, nonspecificity suppression, directional immobilization, and "point of care" platforms. Throughout this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive guide for the design of suspension arrays, with the goal of improving their performance in areas such as multiplexing capacity, throughput, sensitivity, and cost effectiveness. We hope that our summary on the state-of-the-art development of these arrays, our commentary on future challenges, and some proposed avenues for further advances will help drive the development of suspension array technology and its related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankui Leng
- The State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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173
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Song B, Jin W, Song Q, Jin Q, Mu Y. Rapid absolute determination platform of nucleic acid for point-of-care testing. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-4503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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174
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McLeod E, Wei Q, Ozcan A. Democratization of Nanoscale Imaging and Sensing Tools Using Photonics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6434-45. [PMID: 26068279 PMCID: PMC4497296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Providing means for researchers and citizen scientists in the developing world to perform advanced measurements with nanoscale precision can help to accelerate the rate of discovery and invention as well as improve higher education and the training of the next generation of scientists and engineers worldwide. Here, we review some of the recent progress toward making optical nanoscale measurement tools more cost-effective, field-portable, and accessible to a significantly larger group of researchers and educators. We divide our review into two main sections: label-based nanoscale imaging and sensing tools, which primarily involve fluorescent approaches, and label-free nanoscale measurement tools, which include light scattering sensors, interferometric methods, photonic crystal sensors, and plasmonic sensors. For each of these areas, we have primarily focused on approaches that have either demonstrated operation outside of a traditional laboratory setting, including for example integration with mobile phones, or exhibited the potential for such operation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan McLeod
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University
of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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175
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Bremer K, Roth B. Fibre optic surface plasmon resonance sensor system designed for smartphones. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:17179-84. [PMID: 26191726 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.017179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A fibre optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor system for smartphones is reported, for the first time. The sensor was fabricated by using an easy-to-implement silver coating technique and by polishing both ends of a 400 µm optical fibre to obtain 45° end-faces. For excitation and interrogation of the SPR sensor system the flash-light and camera at the back side of the smartphone were employed, respectively. Consequently, no external electrical components are required for the operation of the sensor system developed. In a first application example a refractive index sensor was realised. The performance of the SPR sensor system was demonstrated by using different volume concentrations of glycerol solution. A sensitivity of 5.96·10(-4) refractive index units (RIU)/pixel was obtained for a refractive index (RI) range from 1.33 to 1.36. In future implementations the reported sensor system could be integrated in a cover of a smartphone or used as a low-cost, portable point-of-care diagnostic platform. Consequently it offers the potential of monitoring a large variety of environmental or point-of-care parameters in combination with smartphones.
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176
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Wu Y, Boonloed A, Sleszynski N, Koesdjojo M, Armstrong C, Bracha S, Remcho VT. Clinical chemistry measurements with commercially available test slides on a smartphone platform: Colorimetric determination of glucose and urea. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:133-8. [PMID: 26102280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGKROUND Rapidly increasing healthcare costs in economically advantaged countries are currently unsustainable, while in many developing nations, even 50-year-old technologies are too expensive to implement. New and unconventional technologies are being explored as solutions to this problem. In this study, we examined the use of a smartphone as the detection platform for 2 well-developed, relatively inexpensive, commercially available clinical chemistry assays as a model for rapid and inexpensive clinical diagnostic testing. METHODS An Apple iPhone 4 camera phone equipped with a color analysis application (ColorAssist) was combined with Vitros® glucose and urea colorimetric assays. Color images of assay slides at various concentrations of glucose or urea were collected with the iPhone 4 and quantitated in three different spectral ranges (red/green/blue or RGB) using the ColorAssist app. When the diffuse reflectance data was converted into absorbance, it was possible to quantitate glucose or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) over their clinically important concentration ranges (30-515mg/dl for glucose or 2-190mg/dl for BUN), with good linearity (R(2)=0.9994 or 0.9996, respectively [n=5]). RESULTS Data collected using the iPhone 4 and canine serum samples were in agreement with results from the instrumental "gold standard" (Beckman Coulter AU480 Chemistry System) (R(2)=0.9966 and slope=1.0001 for glucose; R(2)=0.9958 and slope=0.9454 for BUN). Glucose determinations of serum samples made using this smartphone method were as accurate as or more accurate than a commercial colorimetric dry slide analyzer (Heska® Element DC Chemistry Analyzer, Loveland, CO) and 2 glucometers: ReliOn® Ultima (Abbott Diabetes Care Inc) and Presto® (AgaMatrix Inc.H). BUN determinations made using the smartphone approach were comparable in accuracy to the Heska instrument. CONCLUSION This demonstration shows that smartphones have the potential to be used as simple, effective colorimetric detectors for quantitative diagnostic tests, and may be applicable for both point-of-care applications in the developed world and field deployment in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Anukul Boonloed
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Neal Sleszynski
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Myra Koesdjojo
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Chadd Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vincent T Remcho
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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177
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Hussain I, Nath P. Smartphone-based platform optical setup measuring π/256 optical phase difference in an interference process. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:5739-5742. [PMID: 26193023 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.005739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the camera of a smartphone and simple laboratory optical components, we demonstrate an optical technique that measures an optical phase difference (OPD) of π/256 in an interference process. We develop a compact optical setup for viewing circular interference fringe patterns through the camera of the smartphone. By introducing OPD between the interfering beams, variation in fringe pattern is recorded using the smartphone camera. We envision that the proposed optical setup could emerge as an ultrasensitive optical tool for measurement of inclination of a given surface.
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178
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Enhanced light collection in fluorescence microscopy using self-assembled micro-reflectors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10999. [PMID: 26083081 PMCID: PMC4470325 DOI: 10.1038/srep10999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In fluorescence microscopy, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the optical system is directly linked to the numerical aperture (NA) of the microscope objective, which creates detection challenges for low-NA, wide-field and high-throughput imaging systems. Here we demonstrate a method to increase the light collection efficiency from micron-scale fluorescent objects using self-assembled vapor-condensed polyethylene glycol droplets, which act as micro-reflectors for fluorescent light. Around each fluorescent particle, a liquid meniscus is formed that increases the excitation efficiency and redirects part of the laterally-emitted fluorescent light towards the detector due to internal reflections at the liquid-air interface of the meniscus. The three-dimensional shape of this micro-reflector can be tuned as a function of time, vapor temperature, and substrate contact angle, providing us optimized SNR performance for fluorescent detection. Based on these self-assembled micro-reflectors, we experimentally demonstrate ~2.5-3 fold enhancement of the fluorescent signal from 2-10 μm sized particles. A theoretical explanation of the formation rate and shapes of these micro-reflectors is presented, along with a ray tracing model of their optical performance. This method can be used as a sample preparation technique for consumer electronics-based microscopy and sensing tools, thus increasing the sensitivity of low-NA systems that image fluorescent micro-objects.
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179
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Noor MO, Hrovat D, Moazami-Goudarzi M, Espie GS, Krull UJ. Ratiometric fluorescence transduction by hybridization after isothermal amplification for determination of zeptomole quantities of oligonucleotide biomarkers with a paper-based platform and camera-based detection. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 885:156-65. [PMID: 26231901 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Paper is a promising platform for the development of decentralized diagnostic assays owing to the low cost and ease of use of paper-based analytical devices (PADs). It can be challenging to detect on PADs very low concentrations of nucleic acid biomarkers of lengths as used in clinical assays. Herein we report the use of thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (tHDA) in combination with a paper-based platform for fluorescence detection of probe-target hybridization. Paper substrates were patterned using wax printing. The cellulosic fibers were chemically derivatized with imidazole groups for the assembly of the transduction interface that consisted of immobilized quantum dot (QD)-probe oligonucleotide conjugates. Green-emitting QDs (gQDs) served as donors with Cy3 as the acceptor dye in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based transduction method. After probe-target hybridization, a further hybridization event with a reporter sequence brought the Cy3 acceptor dye in close proximity to the surface of immobilized gQDs, triggering a FRET sensitized emission that served as an analytical signal. Ratiometric detection was evaluated using both an epifluorescence microscope and a low-cost iPad camera as detectors. Addition of the tHDA method for target amplification to produce sequences of ∼100 base length allowed for the detection of zmol quantities of nucleic acid targets using the two detection platforms. The ratiometric QD-FRET transduction method not only offered improved assay precision, but also lowered the limit of detection of the assay when compared with the non-ratiometric QD-FRET transduction method. The selectivity of the hybridization assays was demonstrated by the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Omair Noor
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - David Hrovat
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Maryam Moazami-Goudarzi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - George S Espie
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ulrich J Krull
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
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180
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Abstract
This minireview discusses universal electronic modules (generic programmable units) and their use by analytical chemists to construct inexpensive, miniature or automated devices. Recently, open-source platforms have gained considerable popularity among tech-savvy chemists because their implementation often does not require expert knowledge and investment of funds. Thus, chemistry students and researchers can easily start implementing them after a few hours of reading tutorials and trial-and-error. Single-board microcontrollers and micro-computers such as Arduino, Teensy, Raspberry Pi or BeagleBone enable collecting experimental data with high precision as well as efficient control of electric potentials and actuation of mechanical systems. They are readily programmed using high-level languages, such as C, C++, JavaScript or Python. They can also be coupled with mobile consumer electronics, including smartphones as well as teleinformatic networks. More demanding analytical tasks require fast signal processing. Field-programmable gate arrays enable efficient and inexpensive prototyping of high-performance analytical platforms, thus becoming increasingly popular among analytical chemists. This minireview discusses the advantages and drawbacks of universal electronic modules, considering their application in prototyping and manufacture of intelligent analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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181
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Multi-Contrast Imaging and Digital Refocusing on a Mobile Microscope with a Domed LED Array. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124938. [PMID: 25969980 PMCID: PMC4430423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the design and application of an add-on device for improving the diagnostic and research capabilities of CellScope—a low-cost, smartphone-based point-of-care microscope. We replace the single LED illumination of the original CellScope with a programmable domed LED array. By leveraging recent advances in computational illumination, this new device enables simultaneous multi-contrast imaging with brightfield, darkfield, and phase imaging modes. Further, we scan through illumination angles to capture lightfield datasets, which can be used to recover 3D intensity and phase images without any hardware changes. This digital refocusing procedure can be used for either 3D imaging or software-only focus correction, reducing the need for precise mechanical focusing during field experiments. All acquisition and processing is performed on the mobile phone and controlled through a smartphone application, making the computational microscope compact and portable. Using multiple samples and different objective magnifications, we demonstrate that the performance of our device is comparable to that of a commercial microscope. This unique device platform extends the field imaging capabilities of CellScope, opening up new clinical and research possibilities.
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182
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Low-cost photodynamic therapy devices for global health settings: Characterization of battery-powered LED performance and smartphone imaging in 3D tumor models. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10093. [PMID: 25965295 PMCID: PMC4428052 DOI: 10.1038/srep10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of access to effective cancer therapeutics in resource-limited settings is implicated in global cancer health disparities between developed and developing countries. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-based treatment modality that has exhibited safety and efficacy in the clinic using wavelengths and irradiances achievable with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operated on battery power. Here we assess low-cost enabling technology to extend the clinical benefit of PDT to regions with little or no access to electricity or medical infrastructure. We demonstrate the efficacy of a device based on a 635 nm high-output LED powered by three AA disposable alkaline batteries, to achieve strong cytotoxic response in monolayer and 3D cultures of A431 squamous carcinoma cells following photosensitization by administering aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to induce the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Here we characterize challenges of battery-operated device performance, including battery drain and voltage stability specifically over relevant PDT dose parameters. Further motivated by the well-established capacity of PDT photosensitizers to serve as tumour-selective fluorescence contrast agents, we demonstrate the capability of a consumer smartphone with low-cost add-ons to measure concentration-dependent PpIX fluorescence. This study lays the groundwork for the on-going development of image-guided ALA-PDT treatment technologies for global health applications.
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183
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Vashist SK, van Oordt T, Schneider EM, Zengerle R, von Stetten F, Luong JH. A smartphone-based colorimetric reader for bioanalytical applications using the screen-based bottom illumination provided by gadgets. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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184
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Arafat Hossain M, Canning J, Ast S, Cook K, Rutledge PJ, Jamalipour A. Combined "dual" absorption and fluorescence smartphone spectrometers. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1737-40. [PMID: 25872061 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A combined "dual" absorption and fluorescence smartphone spectrometer is demonstrated. The optical sources used in the system are the white flash LED of the smartphone and an orthogonally positioned and interchangeable UV (λex=370 nm) and blue (λex=450 nm) LED. The dispersive element is a low-cost, nano-imprinted diffraction grating coated with Au. Detection over a 300 nm span with 0.42 nm/pixel resolution was carried out with the camera CMOS chip. By integrating the blue and UV excitation sources into the white LED circuitry, the entire system is self-contained within a 3D printed case and powered from the smartphone battery; the design can be scaled to add further excitation sources. Using a customized app, acquisition of absorption and fluorescence spectra are demonstrated using a blue-absorbing and green-emitting pH-sensitive amino-naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe and a UV-absorbing and blue-emitting Zn2+-sensitive fluoro-ionophore.
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185
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Cortazar B, Koydemir HC, Tseng D, Feng S, Ozcan A. Quantification of plant chlorophyll content using Google Glass. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1708-16. [PMID: 25669673 PMCID: PMC4366296 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measuring plant chlorophyll concentration is a well-known and commonly used method in agriculture and environmental applications for monitoring plant health, which also correlates with many other plant parameters including, e.g., carotenoids, nitrogen, maximum green fluorescence, etc. Direct chlorophyll measurement using chemical extraction is destructive, complex and time-consuming, which has led to the development of mobile optical readers, providing non-destructive but at the same time relatively expensive tools for evaluation of plant chlorophyll levels. Here we demonstrate accurate measurement of chlorophyll concentration in plant leaves using Google Glass and a custom-developed software application together with a cost-effective leaf holder and multi-spectral illuminator device. Two images, taken using Google Glass, of a leaf placed in our portable illuminator device under red and white (i.e., broadband) light-emitting-diode (LED) illumination are uploaded to our servers for remote digital processing and chlorophyll quantification, with results returned to the user in less than 10 seconds. Intensity measurements extracted from the uploaded images are mapped against gold-standard colorimetric measurements made through a commercially available reader to generate calibration curves for plant leaf chlorophyll concentration. Using five plant species to calibrate our system, we demonstrate that our approach can accurately and rapidly estimate chlorophyll concentration of fifteen different plant species under both indoor and outdoor lighting conditions. This Google Glass based chlorophyll measurement platform can display the results in spatiotemporal and tabular forms and would be highly useful for monitoring of plant health in environmental and agriculture related applications, including e.g., urban plant monitoring, indirect measurements of the effects of climate change, and as an early indicator for water, soil, and air quality degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingen Cortazar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA. http://www.innovate.ee.ucla.edu
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186
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Koydemir HC, Gorocs Z, Tseng D, Cortazar B, Feng S, Chan RYL, Burbano J, McLeod E, Ozcan A. Rapid imaging, detection and quantification of Giardia lamblia cysts using mobile-phone based fluorescent microscopy and machine learning. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1284-93. [PMID: 25537426 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of waterborne pathogens in drinkable and recreational water sources is crucial for treating and preventing the spread of water related diseases, especially in resource-limited settings. Here we present a field-portable and cost-effective platform for detection and quantification of Giardia lamblia cysts, one of the most common waterborne parasites, which has a thick cell wall that makes it resistant to most water disinfection techniques including chlorination. The platform consists of a smartphone coupled with an opto-mechanical attachment weighing ~205 g, which utilizes a hand-held fluorescence microscope design aligned with the camera unit of the smartphone to image custom-designed disposable water sample cassettes. Each sample cassette is composed of absorbent pads and mechanical filter membranes; a membrane with 8 μm pore size is used as a porous spacing layer to prevent the backflow of particles to the upper membrane, while the top membrane with 5 μm pore size is used to capture the individual Giardia cysts that are fluorescently labeled. A fluorescence image of the filter surface (field-of-view: ~0.8 cm(2)) is captured and wirelessly transmitted via the mobile-phone to our servers for rapid processing using a machine learning algorithm that is trained on statistical features of Giardia cysts to automatically detect and count the cysts captured on the membrane. The results are then transmitted back to the mobile-phone in less than 2 minutes and are displayed through a smart application running on the phone. This mobile platform, along with our custom-developed sample preparation protocol, enables analysis of large volumes of water (e.g., 10-20 mL) for automated detection and enumeration of Giardia cysts in ~1 hour, including all the steps of sample preparation and analysis. We evaluated the performance of this approach using flow-cytometer-enumerated Giardia-contaminated water samples, demonstrating an average cyst capture efficiency of ~79% on our filter membrane along with a machine learning based cyst counting sensitivity of ~84%, yielding a limit-of-detection of ~12 cysts per 10 mL. Providing rapid detection and quantification of microorganisms, this field-portable imaging and sensing platform running on a mobile-phone could be useful for water quality monitoring in field and resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA.
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187
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Quandt BM, Scherer LJ, Boesel LF, Wolf M, Bona GL, Rossi RM. Body-monitoring and health supervision by means of optical fiber-based sensing systems in medical textiles. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:330-55. [PMID: 25358557 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Long-term monitoring with optical fibers has moved into the focus of attention due to the applicability for medical measurements. Within this Review, setups of flexible, unobtrusive body-monitoring systems based on optical fibers and the respective measured vital parameters are in focus. Optical principles are discussed as well as the interaction of light with tissue. Optical fiber-based sensors that are already used in first trials are primarily selected for the section on possible applications. These medical textiles include the supervision of respiration, cardiac output, blood pressure, blood flow and its saturation with hemoglobin as well as oxygen, pressure, shear stress, mobility, gait, temperature, and electrolyte balance. The implementation of these sensor concepts prompts the development of wearable smart textiles. Thus, current sensing techniques and possibilities within photonic textiles are reviewed leading to multiparameter designs. Evaluation of these designs should show the great potential of optical fibers for the introduction into textiles especially due to the benefit of immunity to electromagnetic radiation. Still, further improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio is often necessary to develop a commercial monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit M. Quandt
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Laboratory for Protection and Physiology; Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9016 St. Gallen Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Luciano F. Boesel
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Laboratory for Protection and Physiology; Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9016 St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Division of Neonatology; University Hospital Zurich; Frauenklinikstrasse 10 8091 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Gian-Luca Bona
- ETH Zurich, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - René M. Rossi
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Laboratory for Protection and Physiology; Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9016 St. Gallen Switzerland
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188
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Kim J, Adhikari M, Dhamane S, Hagström AEV, Kourentzi K, Strych U, Willson RC, Conrad JC. Detection of viruses by counting single fluorescent genetically biotinylated reporter immunophage using a lateral flow assay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2891-8. [PMID: 25581289 PMCID: PMC4334444 DOI: 10.1021/am5082556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) for detection of viruses using fluorescently labeled M13 bacteriophage as reporters and single-reporter counting as the readout. AviTag-biotinylated M13 phage were functionalized with antibodies using avidin-biotin conjugation and fluorescently labeled with AlexaFluor 555. Individual phage bound to target viruses (here MS2 as a model) captured on an LFA membrane strip were imaged using epi-fluorescence microscopy. Using automated image processing, we counted the number of bound phage in micrographs as a function of target concentration. The resultant assay was more sensitive than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and traditional colloidal-gold nanoparticle LFAs for direct detection of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Kim
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA
| | - Meena Adhikari
- Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA
| | - Sagar Dhamane
- Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA
| | - Anna E. V. Hagström
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA
- Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jacinta C. Conrad
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA
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189
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Ashton TD, Jolliffe KA, Pfeffer FM. Luminescent probes for the bioimaging of small anionic species in vitro and in vivo. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4547-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines recent developments in the use of fluorescent/luminescent probes for the bioimaging of anionic species. Images in cover art reproduced with permission from ref. 290 and 306.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent D. Ashton
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
| | - Katrina A. Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry (F11)
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Frederick M. Pfeffer
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Waurn Ponds
- Australia
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190
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Wei Q, Luo W, Chiang S, Kappel T, Mejia C, Tseng D, Chan RYL, Yan E, Qi H, Shabbir F, Ozkan H, Feng S, Ozcan A. Imaging and sizing of single DNA molecules on a mobile phone. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12725-33. [PMID: 25494442 DOI: 10.1021/nn505821y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA imaging techniques using optical microscopy have found numerous applications in biology, chemistry and physics and are based on relatively expensive, bulky and complicated set-ups that limit their use to advanced laboratory settings. Here we demonstrate imaging and length quantification of single molecule DNA strands using a compact, lightweight and cost-effective fluorescence microscope installed on a mobile phone. In addition to an optomechanical attachment that creates a high contrast dark-field imaging setup using an external lens, thin-film interference filters, a miniature dovetail stage and a laser-diode for oblique-angle excitation, we also created a computational framework and a mobile phone application connected to a server back-end for measurement of the lengths of individual DNA molecules that are labeled and stretched using disposable chips. Using this mobile phone platform, we imaged single DNA molecules of various lengths to demonstrate a sizing accuracy of <1 kilobase-pairs (kbp) for 10 kbp and longer DNA samples imaged over a field-of-view of ∼2 mm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Wei
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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191
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Chen A, Wang R, Bever CRS, Xing S, Hammock BD, Pan T. Smartphone-interfaced lab-on-a-chip devices for field-deployable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064101. [PMID: 25553178 PMCID: PMC4241779 DOI: 10.1063/1.4901348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The emerging technologies on mobile-based diagnosis and bioanalytical detection have enabled powerful laboratory assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be conducted in field-use lab-on-a-chip devices. In this paper, we present a low-cost universal serial bus (USB)-interfaced mobile platform to perform microfluidic ELISA operations in detecting the presence and concentrations of BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether), an environmental contaminant found in our food supply with adverse health impact. Our point-of-care diagnostic device utilizes flexible interdigitated carbon black electrodes to convert electric current into a microfluidic pump via gas bubble expansion during electrolytic reaction. The micropump receives power from a mobile phone and transports BDE-47 analytes through the microfluidic device conducting competitive ELISA. Using variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (commonly referred to as single domain antibodies or Nanobodies), the proposed device is sensitive for a BDE-47 concentration range of 10(-3)-10(4 ) μg/l, with a comparable performance to that uses a standard competitive ELISA protocol. It is anticipated that the potential impact in mobile detection of health and environmental contaminants will prove beneficial to our community and low-resource environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Royal Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Candace R S Bever
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Siyuan Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | - Tingrui Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, California 95616, USA
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192
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Yuan J, Zhao X, Wang X, Gu Z. Image decoding of photonic crystal beads array in the microfluidic chip for multiplex assays. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6755. [PMID: 25341876 PMCID: PMC4208063 DOI: 10.1038/srep06755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the miniaturization and intellectualization of biomedical instruments, the increasing demand of health monitoring at anywhere and anytime elevates the need for the development of point of care testing (POCT). Photonic crystal beads (PCBs) as one kind of good encoded microcarriers can be integrated with microfluidic chips in order to realize cost-effective and high sensitive multiplex bioassays. However, there are difficulties in analyzing them towards automated analysis due to the characters of the PCBs and the unique detection manner. In this paper, we propose a strategy to take advantage of automated image processing for the color decoding of the PCBs array in the microfluidic chip for multiplex assays. By processing and alignment of two modal images of epi-fluorescence and epi-white light, every intact bead in the image is accurately extracted and decoded by PC colors, which stand for the target species. This method, which shows high robustness and accuracy under various configurations, eliminates the high hardware requirement of spectroscopy analysis and user-interaction software, and provides adequate supports for the general automated analysis of POCT based on PCBs array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
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193
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Noor MO, Krull UJ. Camera-based ratiometric fluorescence transduction of nucleic acid hybridization with reagentless signal amplification on a paper-based platform using immobilized quantum dots as donors. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10331-9. [PMID: 25225960 DOI: 10.1021/ac502677n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based diagnostic assays are gaining increasing popularity for their potential application in resource-limited settings and for point-of-care screening. Achievement of high sensitivity with precision and accuracy can be challenging when using paper substrates. Herein, we implement the red-green-blue color palette of a digital camera for quantitative ratiometric transduction of nucleic acid hybridization on a paper-based platform using immobilized quantum dots (QDs) as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). A nonenzymatic and reagentless means of signal enhancement for QD-FRET assays on paper substrates is based on the use of dry paper substrates for data acquisition. This approach offered at least a 10-fold higher assay sensitivity and at least a 10-fold lower limit of detection (LOD) as compared to hydrated paper substrates. The surface of paper was modified with imidazole groups to assemble a transduction interface that consisted of immobilized QD-probe oligonucleotide conjugates. Green-emitting QDs (gQDs) served as donors with Cy3 as an acceptor. A hybridization event that brought the Cy3 acceptor dye in close proximity to the surface of immobilized gQDs was responsible for a FRET-sensitized emission from the acceptor dye, which served as an analytical signal. A hand-held UV lamp was used as an excitation source and ratiometric analysis using an iPad camera was possible by a relative intensity analysis of the red (Cy3 photoluminescence (PL)) and green (gQD PL) color channels of the digital camera. For digital imaging using an iPad camera, the LOD of the assay in a sandwich format was 450 fmol with a dynamic range spanning 2 orders of magnitude, while an epifluorescence microscope detection platform offered a LOD of 30 fmol and a dynamic range spanning 3 orders of magnitude. The selectivity of the hybridization assay was demonstrated by detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism at a contrast ratio of 60:1. This work provides an important framework for the integration of QD-FRET methods with digital imaging for a ratiometric transduction of nucleic acid hybridization on a paper-based platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Omair Noor
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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194
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Xie L, Wang T, Huang T, Hou W, Huang G, Du Y. Dew inspired breathing-based detection of genetic point mutation visualized by naked eye. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6300. [PMID: 25199907 PMCID: PMC4158330 DOI: 10.1038/srep06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel label-free method based on breathing-induced vapor condensation was developed for detection of genetic point mutation. The dew-inspired detection was realized by integration of target-induced DNA ligation with rolling circle amplification (RCA). The vapor condensation induced by breathing transduced the RCA-amplified variances in DNA contents into visible contrast. The image could be recorded by a cell phone for further or even remote analysis. This green assay offers a naked-eye-reading method potentially applied for point-of-care liver cancer diagnosis in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Tongzhou Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianqi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanan Du
- 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
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195
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Abstract
In this Review, we provide an overview of flatbed scanner based biomedical imaging and sensing techniques. The extremely large imaging field-of-view (e.g., ~600-700 cm(2)) of these devices coupled with their cost-effectiveness provide unique opportunities for digital imaging of samples that are too large for regular optical microscopes, and for collection of large amounts of statistical data in various automated imaging or sensing tasks. Here we give a short introduction to the basic features of flatbed scanners also highlighting the key parameters for designing scientific experiments using these devices, followed by a discussion of some of the significant examples, where scanner-based systems were constructed to conduct various biomedical imaging and/or sensing experiments. Along with mobile phones and other emerging consumer electronics devices, flatbed scanners and their use in advanced imaging and sensing experiments might help us transform current practices of medicine, engineering and sciences through democratization of measurement science and empowerment of citizen scientists, science educators and researchers in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Göröcs
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Departments), CA 90095, USA.
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196
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Adley CC. Past, Present and Future of Sensors in Food Production. Foods 2014; 3:491-510. [PMID: 28234333 PMCID: PMC5302250 DOI: 10.3390/foods3030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination management is a crucial task in the food industry. Undesirable microbial spoilage in a modern food processing plant poses a risk to consumers' health, causing severe economic losses to the manufacturers and retailers, contributing to wastage of food and a concern to the world's food supply. The main goal of the quality management is to reduce the time interval between the filling and the detection of a microorganism before release, from several days, to minutes or, at most, hours. This would allow the food company to stop the production, limiting the damage to just a part of the entire batch, with considerable savings in terms of product value, thereby avoiding the utilization of raw materials, packaging and strongly reducing food waste. Sensor systems offer major advantages over current systems as they are versatile and affordable but need to be integrated in the existing processing systems as a process analytical control (PAT) tool. The desire for good selectivity, low cost, portable and usable at working sites, sufficiently rapid to be used at-line or on-line, and no sample preparation devices are required. The application of biosensors in the food industry still has to compete with the standard analytical techniques in terms of cost, performance and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Adley
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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197
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Vashist SK, Schneider EM, Luong JHT. Commercial Smartphone-Based Devices and Smart Applications for Personalized Healthcare Monitoring and Management. Diagnostics (Basel) 2014; 4:104-28. [PMID: 26852680 PMCID: PMC4665560 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics4030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphone-based devices and applications (SBDAs) with cost effectiveness and remote sensing are the most promising and effective means of delivering mobile healthcare (mHealthcare). Several SBDAs have been commercialized for the personalized monitoring and/or management of basic physiological parameters, such as blood pressure, weight, body analysis, pulse rate, electrocardiograph, blood glucose, blood glucose saturation, sleeping and physical activity. With advances in Bluetooth technology, software, cloud computing and remote sensing, SBDAs provide real-time on-site analysis and telemedicine opportunities in remote areas. This scenario is of utmost importance for developing countries, where the number of smartphone users is about 70% of 6.8 billion cell phone subscribers worldwide with limited access to basic healthcare service. The technology platform facilitates patient-doctor communication and the patients to effectively manage and keep track of their medical conditions. Besides tremendous healthcare cost savings, SBDAs are very critical for the monitoring and effective management of emerging epidemics and food contamination outbreaks. The next decade will witness pioneering advances and increasing applications of SBDAs in this exponentially growing field of mHealthcare. This article provides a critical review of commercial SBDAs that are being widely used for personalized healthcare monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vashist
- HSG-IMIT-Institut für Mikro-und Informationstechnik, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79100 Freiburg, Germany.
- Laboratory for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - E Marion Schneider
- Sektion Experimentelle Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23,89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - John H T Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Department of Chemistry and Analytical, Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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198
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Awqatty B, Samaddar S, Cash KJ, Clark HA, Dubach JM. Fluorescent sensors for the basic metabolic panel enable measurement with a smart phone device over the physiological range. Analyst 2014; 139:5230-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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