151
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Wee SY, Aris AZ. Endocrine disrupting compounds in drinking water supply system and human health risk implication. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:207-233. [PMID: 28552550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To date, experimental and epidemiological evidence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) adversely affecting human and animal populations has been widely debated. Notably, human health risk assessment is required for risk mitigation. The lack of human health risk assessment and management may thus unreliably regulate the quality of water resources and efficiency of treatment processes. Therefore, drinking water supply systems (DWSSs) may be still unwarranted in assuring safe access to potable drinking water. Drinking water supply, such as tap water, is an additional and crucial route of human exposure to the health risks associated with EDCs. A holistic system, incorporating continuous research in DWSS monitoring and management using multi-barrier approach, is proposed as a preventive measure to reduce human exposure to the risks associated with EDCs through drinking water consumption. The occurrence of EDCs in DWSSs and corresponding human health risk implications are analyzed using the Needs, Approaches, Benefits, and Challenges (NABC) method. Therefore, this review may act as a supportive tool in protecting human health and environmental quality from EDCs, which is essential for decision-making regarding environmental monitoring and management purposes. Subsequently, the public could have sustainable access to safer and more reliable drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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152
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Mueller TC, Parker ET, Steckel L, Clay SA, Owen MD, Curran WS, Currie R, Scott R, Sprague C, Stephenson DO, Miller DK, Prostko EP, Grichar WJ, Martin J, Kruz LJ, Bradley K, Bernards ML, Dotray P, Knezevic S, Davis V, Klein R. Enhanced atrazine degradation is widespread across the United States. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1953-1961. [PMID: 28266154 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrazine (ATZ) has been a key herbicide for annual weed control in corn, with both a soil and post-emergence vegetation application period. Although enhanced ATZ degradation in soil with a history of ATZ use has been reported, the extent and rate of degradation in the US Corn Belt is uncertain. We show that enhanced ATZ degradation exists across much of the country. RESULTS Soils from 15 of 16 surveyed states had enhanced ATZ degradation. The average ATZ half-life was only 2.3 days in ATZ history soils, compared with an average 14.5 days in soils with no previous ATZ use, meaning that ATZ degrades an average 6 times faster in soils with previous ATZ use. CONCLUSION When ATZ is used for several years, enhanced degradation will undoubtedly change the way ATZ is used in agronomic crops and also its ultimate environmental fate. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larry Steckel
- University of Tennessee West TN Research and Education Center, Jackson, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L Jason Kruz
- Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
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153
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Persistent testicular structural and functional alterations after exposure of adult rats to atrazine. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:201-213. [PMID: 28847621 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine is an endocrine disruptor affecting testicular steroidogenesis, and promoting testicular atrophy and 3β-HSD reduction. However, it remains unknown whether these effects are reversible or permanent. To address this issue was the aim of this study. Exposition of rats to 200mg/kg of atrazine resulted in transient increase in testicular weight, seminiferous tubules dilation and atrophy, and reduction in Leydig cell 3β-HSD. Testicular atrophy and 3β-HSD reduction were more pronounced after the recovery period of 75days. There was increase in aromatase expression after long-term exposure but it returned to control level after recovery. Moreover, there was increase in ED1-/ED2+, ED1+/ED2+ and ED1+/ED2- macrophages, in the recovery group. These macrophages were positive for 3β-HSD, thereby raising possibility of their involvement in steroidogenesis. These findings further emphasize the adverse effects of atrazine on male reproduction, highlighting that testicular damages may be irreversible even after a recovery period longer than the spermatogenic cycle.
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154
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Khalil SR, Reda RM, Awad A. Efficacy of Spirulina platensis diet supplements on disease resistance and immune-related gene expression in Cyprinus carpio L. exposed to herbicide atrazine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:119-128. [PMID: 28579523 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the immunotoxicological effects of the herbicide atrazine (ATZ) at sub-lethal concentrations and the potential ameliorative influence of Spirulina platensis (SP) over a sub-chronic exposure period on Cyprinus carpio L., also known as common carp. Common carp was sampled after a 40-days exposure to ATZ (428 μg/L) and SP (1%), individually or in combination to assess the non-specific immune response, changes in mRNA expression of immune-related genes [lysozyme (LYZ), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and complement component 3 (C3)] in the spleen, and inflammatory cytokines (interleukins IL-1ß and IL-10) in the head kidney using real-time PCR. Additionally, disease resistance to Aeromonas sobria was evaluated. The results revealed that ATZ exposure caused a significant decline in most of the hematological variables, lymphocyte viability, and lysozyme and bactericidal activity. Moreover, ATZ increased the susceptibility to disease, reflected by a significantly lower post-challenge survival rate of the carp. ATZ may induce dysregulated expression of immune-related genes leading to downregulation of mRNA levels of IgM and LYZ in the spleen. However, expression of C3 remained unaffected. Of the cytokine-related genes examined, IL-1B was up-regulated in the head kidney. In contrast, the expression of IL-10 gene was down-regulated in the ATZ-exposed group. The SP supplementation resulted in a significant improvement in most indices; however, these values did not match with that of the controls. These results may conclude that ATZ affects both innate and adaptive immune responses through the negative transcriptional effect on genes involved in immunity and also due to the inflammation of the immune organs. In addition, dietary supplements with SP could be useful for modulation of the immunity in response to ATZ exposure, thereby presenting a promising feed additive for carps in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah R Khalil
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Reda
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Awad
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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155
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Háhn J, Szoboszlay S, Tóth G, Kriszt B. Assessment of bacterial biodetoxification of herbicide atrazine using Aliivibrio fischeri cytotoxicity assay with prolonged contact time. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:648-657. [PMID: 28466204 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In our study, we determined and compared the atrazine-biodetoxification ability of 41 bacterial strains and 21 consortia created of those with over 50% degradation rate in pure cultures. Biodegradation capacity was measured with GC-MS. Detoxification was assessed based on the cytotoxic effect of end-products to Aliivibrio fischeri in chronic bioluminescence inhibition assay with 25 h contact time. Chronic A. fischeri assay adapted to a microplate, which is suitable for examine numerous residues simultaneously, also appeared to be significantly more sensitive to atrazine compared to the standard acute (30 min) test. Due to its sensitivity, the chronic assay could be a valuable tool to provide a more comprehensive view of the ecological risks of atrazine and other chemicals. Thirteen strains were able to degrade more than 50% of 50 ppm atrazine. Four of these belong to Rhodococcus aetherivorans, R. qingshengii, Serratia fonticola and Olivibacter oleidegradans which species' atrazine degrading ability has never been reported before. Four consortia degrading ability was more effective than that of the creating individual strains; moreover, their residues did not show cytotoxic effects to A. fischeri. However, in several cases, the degradation products of sole strains and consortia resulted in significant bioluminescence inhibition. Thus high biodegradation (>90%) does not certainly mean the reduction or cessation of toxicity highlighting the importance of the evaluation of biological effects of degradation residues to improve the efficiency and abate the ecological risks of bioremediation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Háhn
- Szent István University, Regional University Center of Excellence, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szoboszlay
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
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156
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Bussy U, Chung-Davidson YW, Buchinger TJ, Li K, Li W. High-sensitivity determination of estrogens in fish plasma using chemical derivatization upstream UHPLC-MSMS. Steroids 2017; 123:13-19. [PMID: 28456451 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development and validation of a sensitive LC-MSMS method for determination of estrogen in fish plasma. Dansyl chloride derivatization of the phenol functional group in estrogen was used to enhance the response to atmospheric pressure ionization leading to improve the sensitivity. Individual 13C internal standards were selected after comparison with deuterated standards. Liquid-liquid extraction (ethyl acetate or methyl tert-butyl ether) and protein precipitation (acetonitrile, methanol or acetone) were compared for the extraction and clean-up of estrogens from fish plasma. Ethyl acetate was selected as the best alternative with recovery ranging from 61 to 96% and matrix effect ranging from 88 to 106%. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.5 to 1pg/mL showing a gain in sensitivity of 10,000 times over electrospray ionization of underivatized estrogens. Accuracy and precision were validated over three consecutive days and the method was applied to measure estrogen in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) plasma. Estrone and estriol were detected in fish below 1ng/mL in plasma, justifying the need of a highly sensitive LC-MSMS quantification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tyler J Buchinger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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157
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Abstract
Because atrazine is a widely used herbicide, its adverse effects on the reproductive system have been extensively researched. In this study, we investigated the effects of atrazine exposure on porcine oocyte maturation and the possible mechanisms. Our results showed that the rates of oocyte maturation significantly decreased after treatment with 200 μM atrazine in vitro. Atrazine treatment resulted in abnormal spindle morphology but did not affect actin distribution. Atrazine exposure not only triggered a DNA damage response but also decreased MPF levels in porcine oocytes. Our results also revealed that atrazine worsened porcine oocyte quality by causing excessive accumulation of superoxide radicals, increasing cathepsin B activity, and decreasing the GSH level and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, atrazine decreased developmental competence of porcine oocytes up to the blastocyst stage and changed some properties: cell numbers, apoptosis, and related gene expression levels. Collectively, our results indicate that porcine oocyte maturation is defective after atrazine treatment at least through disruption of spindle morphology, MPF activity, and mitochondrial function and via induction of DNA damage, which probably reduces developmental competence.
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158
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Guo R, Zhang W, Ai S, Ren L, Zhang Y. Fluctuating asymmetry rather than oxidative stress in Bufo raddei can be an accurate indicator of environmental pollution induced by heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:293. [PMID: 28550515 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as risk markers for environmental stress are widely used to predict changes in the health and fitness of many animals exposed to pollutants. However, from the perspective of protecting declining amphibians, it remains to be verified which one would be a reliable indicator for amphibians exposed to long-term heavy metal pollution under natural conditions. In this study, the OS and FA of Bufo raddei exposed to natural heavy metal pollution were analyzed to determine which marker is more accurate for indicating heavy metal-induced stress. Three years of data were collected during the breeding season of B. raddei from Baiyin (BY), which has been mainly contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd compounds for a long period, and from Liujiaxia (LJX), which is a relatively unpolluted area. Unexpectedly, although significant accumulation of the four heavy metals was found in the kidney and liver of B. raddei from BY, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde in these two organs were found to be irregular, with low repeatability in both BY and LJX. However, significant differences in the levels of FA were observed in B. raddei populations from these two areas over the past 3 years (P < 0.01). The degrees of FA in B. raddei populations from BY and LJX were assessed as degree 4 and 1, respectively. In short, this study suggested that FA was a more reliable and effective indicator than OS to monitor and predict long-term environmental stress on anuran amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Ai
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ren
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
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159
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Soliman AS, Helmy RMA, Nasr IN, Abbas MS, Mahmoud HA, Jiang W. Behavior of Thiophanate Methyl and Propiconazole in Grape and Mango Fruits Under the Egyptian Field Conditions. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:720-725. [PMID: 28337501 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This research aims at determining residues of thiophanate methyl and propiconazole in grape and mango fruits as an indication for their persistence in this environmental compartment. Fruit extracts were analyzed for thiophanate methyl using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and using Gas Chromatography Electron Capture Detector (GC/ECD), respectively. The results indicated that propiconazole had a less environmental impact since propiconazole had shorter residue half-lives which were 1.24 and 1.19 days in grape and mango fruits, respectively, while thiophanate methyl had half-lives of 2.49 and 2.64 days in mango and grape, respectively. The degradation rates of propiconazole in grape and mango fruits did not change significantly and neither did those of thiophanate methyl. According to the maximum residue level, the pre-harvest intervals of propiconazole were set to be 3 and 7 days for grape and mango fruits, respectively, and the pre-harvest intervals for thiophanate methyl were 15 days for both grape and mango fruits. Propiconazole was generally considered to be less hazardous to humans and will leave the environment less altered because of its faster degradation than that of thiophanate methyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sh Soliman
- Natural Resources Department, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Rania M A Helmy
- Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Islam N Nasr
- Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abbas
- Natural Resources Department, Institute of African Research and Studies, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Hend A Mahmoud
- Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wayne Jiang
- IR-4 North Central Region Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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160
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Fingler S, Mendaš G, Dvoršćak M, Stipičević S, Vasilić Ž, Drevenkar V. Herbicide micropollutants in surface, ground and drinking waters within and near the area of Zagreb, Croatia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11017-11030. [PMID: 27335015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and mass concentrations of 13 herbicide micropollutants (triazines, phenylureas, chloroacetanilides and trifluralin) were investigated during 2014 in surface, ground and drinking waters in the area of the city of Zagreb and its suburbs. Herbicide compounds were accumulated from water by solid-phase extraction using either octadecylsilica or styrene-divinylbenzene sorbent cartridges and analysed either by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-diode array detector or gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Atrazine was the most frequently detected herbicide in drinking (84 % of samples) and ground (61 % of samples) waters in mass concentrations of 5 to 68 ng L-1. It was followed by metolachlor and terbuthylazine, the former being detected in 54 % of drinking (up to 15 ng L-1) and 23 % of ground (up to 100 ng L-1) waters, and the latter in 45 % of drinking (up to 20 ng L-1) and 26 % of ground (up to 25 ng L-1) water samples. Acetochlor was the fourth most abundant herbicide in drinking waters, detected in 32 % of samples. Its mass concentrations of 107 to 117 ng L-1 in three tap water samples were the highest of all herbicides measured in the drinking waters. The most frequently (62 % of samples) and highly (up to 887 ng L-1) detected herbicide in surface waters was metolachlor, followed by terbuthylazine detected in 49 % of samples in mass concentrations of up to 690 ng L-1, and atrazine detected in 30 % of samples in mass concentrations of up to 18 ng L-1. The seasonal variations in herbicide concentrations in surface waters were observed for terbuthylazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, chlortoluron and isoproturon with the highest concentrations measured from April to August.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Fingler
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - G Mendaš
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Dvoršćak
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Stipičević
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ž Vasilić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Drevenkar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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161
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Li S, Li M, Gui W, Wang Q, Zhu G. Disrupting effects of azocyclotin to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproduction of Xenopus laevis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:121-128. [PMID: 28213302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the hazards associated with the extensive use of organictin compounds have become an issue of extreme concern, while at present the effects of these substances on amphibians remain poorly understood. In the present study, we chose azocyclotin, one of common use acaricides in China. We focused on sexual development and steroidogenesis disrupting effects of azocyclotin in the Xenopus laevis. Tadpoles were exposed to azocyclotin (0.05 and 0.5μg/L) for long-term (4 months) study. Results showed that exposure to azocyclotin caused developmental toxicity, including decreased survival, body weight, body length, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and female phenotype. At the same time, statistical increase in mean age at completion of metamorphosis was observed in azocyclotin treatments in comparison with control group. Furthermore, hormone concentrations, and steroidogenesis genes expression of adult frog were further evaluated in 28 days exposure. Results demonstrated that the key regulating hormones, e.g. testosterone and pregnenolone, were significantly upregulated. The expression levels of selected steroidogenic genes were also significantly altered. Our study demonstrated that azocyclotin could delay the metamorphosis and disrupt the gonadal differentiation of X. laevis. Steroidogenesis and the expression of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis in frogs were disrupted after azocyclotin exposure. Azocyclotin showed both androgenic and antiestrogenic activity for X. laevis. Those findings emphasized the influence of azocyclotin on non-target species in the context of ecotoxicological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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162
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Griffing AH, Bowerman J, Sessions SK. Histology Reveals Testicular Oocytes and Trematode Cysts In the Threatened Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1898/nwn16-13.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Griffing
- Department of Biology, Hartwick College, 1 Hartwick Drive, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA
| | - Jay Bowerman
- Sunriver Nature Center, 57245 River Road, Sunriver, OR 97707 USA
| | - Stanley K Sessions
- Department of Biology, Hartwick College, 1 Hartwick Drive, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA
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163
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Pochini KM, Hoverman JT. Reciprocal effects of pesticides and pathogens on amphibian hosts: The importance of exposure order and timing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 221:359-366. [PMID: 27939635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecological communities are increasingly exposed to natural and anthropogenic stressors. While the effects of individual stressors have been broadly investigated, there is growing evidence that multiple stressors are frequently encountered underscoring the need to examine interactive effects. Pesticides and infectious diseases are two common stressors that regularly occur together in nature. Given the documented lethal and sublethal effects of each stressor on individuals, there is the potential for interactive effects that alter disease outcomes and pesticide toxicity. Using larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), we examined the reciprocal interaction between insecticides (carbaryl and thiamethoxam) and the viral pathogen ranavirus by testing whether: (1) prior ranavirus infection influences pesticide toxicity and (2) sublethal pesticide exposure increases susceptibility to and transmission of ranavirus. We found that prior infection with ranavirus increased pesticide toxicity; median lethal concentration (LC50) estimates were reduced by 72 and 55% for carbaryl and thiamethoxam, respectively. Importantly, LC50 estimates were reduced to concentrations found in natural systems. This is the first demonstration that an infection can alter pesticide toxicity. We also found that prior pesticide exposure exacerbated disease-induced mortality by increasing mortality rates, but effects on infection prevalence and transmission of the pathogen were minimal. Collectively, our results underscore the importance of incorporating complexity (i.e. order and timing of exposures) into research examining the interactions between natural and anthropogenic stressors. Given the environmental heterogeneity present in nature, such research will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how stressors affect wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Pochini
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, United States.
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, United States
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164
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Rahman MS, Kwon WS, Karmakar PC, Yoon SJ, Ryu BY, Pang MG. Gestational Exposure to Bisphenol A Affects the Function and Proteome Profile of F1 Spermatozoa in Adult Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:238-245. [PMID: 27384531 PMCID: PMC5289913 DOI: 10.1289/ehp378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to offspring reproductive abnormalities. However, exactly how BPA affects offspring fertility remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gestational BPA exposure on sperm function, fertility, and proteome profile of F1 spermatozoa in adult mice. METHODS Pregnant CD-1 mice (F0) were gavaged with BPA at three different doses (50 μg/kg bw/day, 5 mg/kg bw/day, and 50 mg/kg bw/day) on embryonic days 7 to 14. We investigated the function, fertility, and related processes of F1 spermatozoa at postnatal day 120. We also evaluated protein profiles of F1 spermatozoa to monitor their functional affiliation to disease. RESULTS BPA inhibited sperm count, motility parameters, and intracellular ATP levels in a dose-dependent manner. These effects appeared to be caused by reduced numbers of stage VIII seminiferous epithelial cells in testis and decreased protein kinase A (PKA) activity and tyrosine phosphorylation in spermatozoa. We also found that BPA compromised average litter size. Proteins differentially expressed in spermatozoa from BPA treatment groups are known to play a critical role in ATP generation, oxidative stress response, fertility, and in the pathogenesis of several diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides mechanistic support for the hypothesis that gestational exposure to BPA alters sperm function and fertility via down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation through a PKA-dependent mechanism. In addition, we anticipate that the BPA-induced changes in the sperm proteome might be partly responsible for the observed effects in spermatozoa. Citation: Rahman MS, Kwon WS, Karmakar PC, Yoon SJ, Ryu BY, Pang MG. 2017. Gestational exposure to bisphenol-A affects the function and proteome profile of F1 spermatozoa in adult mice. Environ Health Perspect 125:238-245; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP378.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Address Correspondence to M.-G. Pang, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Republic of Korea. Telephone: 82-31-670-4841. E-mail:
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165
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Endocrine Disruption and In Vitro Ecotoxicology: Recent Advances and Approaches. IN VITRO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - CONCEPTS, APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 157:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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166
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Stayner LT, Almberg K, Jones R, Graber J, Pedersen M, Turyk M. Atrazine and nitrate in drinking water and the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight in four Midwestern states. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:294-303. [PMID: 27816866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrazine and nitrate are common contaminants in water, and there is limited evidence that they are associated with adverse birth outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine whether atrazine and nitrate in water are associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery (PTD) and term low birth weight (LBW). METHODS The study included a total of 134,258 singletons births born between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2008 from 46 counties in four Midwestern states with public water systems that were included in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s atrazine monitoring program (AMP). Counties with a population of >300,000 were eliminated from the analyses in order to avoid confounding by urbanicity. Monthly child's sex, race and Hispanic ethnicity specific data were obtained from the states for estimating rates of PTD (<37 weeks) and very preterm (VPTD, <32 weeks), term LBW (<2.5kg among infants born at term) and very low birth weight (VLBW, <1.5kg). The rates were linked with county specific monthly estimates of the concentration of atrazine and nitrate in finished water. Multivariable negative binomial models were fitted to examine the association between the exposures and the adverse birth outcomes. Models were fitted with varying restrictions on the percentage of private well usage in the counties in order to limit the degree of exposure misclassification. RESULTS Estimated water concentrations of atrazine (mean=0.42 ppb) and nitrate (mean=0.95ppm) were generally low. Neither contaminant was associated with an increased risk of term LBW. Atrazine exposure was associated with a significant increased rate of PTD when well use was restricted to 10% and the exposure was averaged over 4-6 months prior to birth (Rate Ratio for 1ppm increase [RR1ppm]=1.08, 95%CI=1.05,1.11) or over 9 months prior to birth (RR1ppm=1.10, 95%CI=1.01,1.20). Atrazine exposure was also associated with an increased rate of VPTD when when well use was restricted to 10% and the exposure was averaged over 7-9 months prior to birth (RR1ppm=1.19, 95%CI=1.04,1.36). Exposure to nitrate was significantly associated with an increased rate of VPTD (RR1ppm=1.08, 95%CI=1.02,1.15) and VLBW (RR1ppm=1.17, 95%CI=1.08,1.25) when well use was restricted to 20% and the exposure was averaged over 9 months prior to birth. CONCLUSION The positive and negative findings from our study need to be interpreted cautiously given its ecologic design, and limitations in the data for the exposures and other risk factors. Nonetheless, our findings do raise concerns about the potential adverse effects of these common water contaminants on human development and health, and the adequacy of current regulatory standards. Further studies of these issues are needed with individual level outcome data and more refined estimates of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Thomas Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States.
| | - Kirsten Almberg
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rachael Jones
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Judith Graber
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Centre of Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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167
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Snyder MN, Henderson WM, Glinski DA, Purucker ST. Biomarker analysis of American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) and grey tree frog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles following exposure to atrazine. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 182:184-193. [PMID: 27912165 PMCID: PMC6091528 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to use a biomarker-based approach to investigate the influence of atrazine exposure on American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) and grey tree frog (Hyla versicolor) tadpoles. Atrazine is one of the most frequently detected herbicides in environmental matrices throughout the United States. In surface waters, it has been found at concentrations from 0.04-2859μg/L and thus presents a likely exposure scenario for non-target species such as amphibians. Studies have examined the effect of atrazine on the metamorphic parameters of amphibians, however, the data are often contradictory. Gosner stage 22-24 tadpoles were exposed to 0 (control), 10, 50, 250 or 1250μg/L of atrazine for 48h. Endogenous polar metabolites were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses of the acquired spectra with machine learning classification models demonstrated identifiable changes in the metabolomic profiles between exposed and control tadpoles. Support vector machine models with recursive feature elimination created a more efficient, non-parametric data analysis and increased interpretability of metabolomic profiles. Biochemical fluxes observed in the exposed groups of both A. americanus and H. versicolor displayed perturbations in a number of classes of biological macromolecules including fatty acids, amino acids, purine nucleosides, pyrimidines, and mono- and di-saccharides. Metabolomic pathway analyses are consistent with findings of other studies demonstrating disruption of amino acid and energy metabolism from atrazine exposure to non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcía N Snyder
- Grantee to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency via Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Athens, GA, 30605, United States; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Ecological Effects Laboratory, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR, 97333, United States.
| | - W Matthew Henderson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, United States
| | - Donna A Glinski
- Grantee to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency via Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Athens, GA, 30605, United States
| | - S Thomas Purucker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, United States
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168
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Yılmaz E, Özgür E, Bereli N, Türkmen D, Denizli A. Plastic antibody based surface plasmon resonance nanosensors for selective atrazine detection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 73:603-610. [PMID: 28183651 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based affinity sensor system with the use of molecular imprinted nanoparticles (plastic antibodies) to enhance the pesticide detection. Molecular imprinting based affinity sensor is prepared by the attachment of atrazine (chosen as model pesticide) imprinted nanoparticles onto the gold surface of SPR chip. Recognition element of the affinity sensor is polymerizable form of aspartic acid. The imprinted nanoparticles were characterized via FTIR and zeta-sizer measurements. SPR sensors are characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and contact angle measurements. The imprinted nanoparticles showed more sensitivity to atrazine than the non-imprinted ones. Different concentrations of atrazine solutions are applied to SPR system to determine the adsorption kinetics. Langmuir adsorption model is found as the most suitable model for this affinity nanosensor system. In order to show the selectivity of the atrazine-imprinted nanoparticles, competitive adsorption of atrazine, simazine and amitrole is investigated. The results showed that the imprinted nanosensor has high selectivity and sensitivity for atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkut Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Erdoğan Özgür
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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169
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Delos Santos N, Azmat S, Cuenca Y, Drenth J, Lauper J, Tseng AS. Effects of the biocide methylisothiazolinone on Xenopus laevis wound healing and tail regeneration. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 181:37-45. [PMID: 27810491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, has a strong history as a suitable model for environmental studies. Its embryos and transparent tadpoles are highly sensitive to the environment and their developmental processes are well described. It is also amenable for molecular studies. These characteristics enable its use for rapid identification and understanding of exposure-induced defects. To investigate the consequences of chemical exposure on aquatic animals, Xenopus laevis embryos and tadpoles were exposed to the biocide, methylisothiazolinone (MIT). Frog tadpoles exposed to MIT following tail amputation lost their natural regenerative ability. This inhibition of regeneration led to a failure to regrow tissues including the spinal cord, muscle, and notochord. This MIT-dependent regenerative defect is due to a failure to close the amputation wound. A wound healing assay revealed that while untreated embryos close their wounds within one day after injury, MIT-treated animals maintained open wounds that did not reduce in size and caused lethality. Concomitant exposure of MIT with chemicals containing thiol groups such as glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine restored normal wound healing and regeneration responses in tadpoles. Together these results indicate that exposure to MIT impairs developmental wound repair and tissue regeneration in Xenopus laevis. Thus, this study reveals new aspects of MIT activity and demonstrates that Xenopus laevis is a well-suited model for facilitating future research into chemical exposure effects on injury responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Delos Santos
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Summer Azmat
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Yesenia Cuenca
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Jessica Drenth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Julia Lauper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Ai-Sun Tseng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
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170
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Brelsford A, Lavanchy G, Sermier R, Rausch A, Perrin N. Identifying homomorphic sex chromosomes from wild-caught adults with limited genomic resources. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 17:752-759. [PMID: 27790846 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to identify homomorphic sex chromosomes and their homolog in a distantly related reference genome, based on noninvasive sampling of wild-caught individuals, in the moor frog Rana arvalis. Double-digest RADseq libraries were generated using buccal swabs from 30 males and 21 females from the same population. Search for sex-limited markers from the unfiltered data set (411 446 RAD tags) was more successful than searches from a filtered data set (33 073 RAD tags) for markers showing sex differences in heterozygosity or in allele frequencies. Altogether, we obtained 292 putatively sex-linked RAD loci, 98% of which point to male heterogamety. We could map 15 of them to the Xenopus tropicalis genome, all but one on chromosome pair 1, which seems regularly co-opted for sex determination among amphibians. The most efficient mapping strategy was a three-step hierarchical approach, where R. arvalis reads were first mapped to a low-coverage genome of Rana temporaria (17 My divergence), then the R. temporaria scaffolds to the Nanorana parkeri genome (90 My divergence), and finally the N. parkeri scaffolds to the X. tropicalis genome (210 My). We validated our conclusions with PCR primers amplifying part of Dmrt1, a candidate sex determination gene mapping to chromosome 1: a sex-diagnostic allele was present in all 30 males but in none of the 21 females. Our approach is likely to be productive in many situations where biological samples and/or genomic resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Lavanchy
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Sermier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rausch
- Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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171
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Kaczmarski M, Kolenda K, Rozenblut-Kościsty B, Sośnicka W. Phalangeal bone anomalies in the European common toad Bufo bufo from polluted environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21940-21946. [PMID: 27535156 PMCID: PMC5099355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Every spring, many of amphibians are killed by motor vehicles on roads. These road-killed animals can be used as valuable material for non-invasive studies showing the effect of environmental pollution on amphibian populations. The aims of our research were to check whether the phalanges of road-killed toads may be useful as material for histological analysis, and whether various degrees of human impact influence the level in bone abnormalities in the common toad. We also examined whether the sex and age structure of toads can differ significantly depending in the different sites. We chose three toad breeding sites where road-killed individuals had been observed: near the centre of a city, the outskirts of a city, and a rural site. We collected dead individuals during spring migration in 2013. The sex of each individual was determined and the toes were used to determine age using the skeletochronology method. While performing age estimates, we looked for abnormalities in relation to normal bone tissue structure. In urban site, females dominate males (sex ratio 2.6:1), but in populations from rural and semi-urban sites, sex ratio was reverse (1:2.2 and 1:1.4, respectively). However, we did not find any significant differences between age structure of all populations (average age of each population: approximately 4 years). We observed abnormalities in more than 80 % of all toads from the city, compared to approximately 20 % from the rural and semi-urban sites. In particular, we found hypertrophic bone cells, misaligned intercellular substance, and irregular outer edges of bones. We suggest that these malformations are caused by different pollution, e.g. with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Kaczmarski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kolenda
- Department of Vertebrate Biology and Conservation, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Beata Rozenblut-Kościsty
- Department of Vertebrate Biology and Conservation, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wioletta Sośnicka
- Department of Vertebrate Biology and Conservation, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland
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172
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Diversification, Yield and a New Agricultural Revolution: Problems and Prospects. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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173
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Zhang Q, Ji C, Yan L, Lu M, Lu C, Zhao M. The identification of the metabolites of chlorothalonil in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their embryo toxicity and endocrine effects at environmentally relevant levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:8-15. [PMID: 27541960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil is a broad spectrum fungicide with high annual production and environmental contamination. Despite its high consumption, studies regarding the potential ecological risks of chlorothalonil, especially its metabolites, to aquatic organisms are still limited. In this study, we selected the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as the in vivo model and first identified the metabolite (4-hydroxychlorothalonil) of chlorothalonil in zebrafish by tandem quadrupole/orthogonal-acceleration time-of-flight (Q-TOF). Then, the in vivo and in vitro models were applied to comprehensively estimate the embryo toxicity and potential endocrine effect of chlorothalonil and 4-hydroxychlorothalonil. The data from zebrafish embryo toxicity showed that the lowest observed effect concentrations of both chlorothalonil and 4-hydroxychlorothalonil were 50 μg/L after 96 h of exposure. The mortality rate of the 4-hydroxychlorothalonil was 2.6-fold higher than that of the parent compound at the concentration of 50 μg/L. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that both chlorothalonil and 4-hydroxychlorothalonil exerted estrogen receptor α (ERα) agonist activity with REC20 values of 2.4 × 10-8 M and 3.6 × 10-8 M, respectively. However, only 4-hydroxychlorothalonil exhibited both thyroid receptor β (TRβ) agonistic and antagonistic activities. Lastly, we employed molecular docking to predict the binding affinity of chlorothalonil and 4-hydroxychlorothalonil with ERα or TRβ. The results revealed that the potential endocrine effect of chlorothalonil and 4-hydroxychlorothaloni might be attributed to the different binding affinities with the receptors. In conclusion, our studies revealed that 4-hydroxychlorothalonil exhibited potent endocrine-disrupting effects compared to its parent compound, chlorothalonil. The results provided here remind us that the assessment of the potential ecological and health risks of the metabolites of fungicides in addition to their parent compounds should arouse great concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meiya Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chensheng Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room G3, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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174
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Lambert MR, Skelly DK, Ezaz T. Sex-linked markers in the North American green frog (Rana clamitans) developed using DArTseq provide early insight into sex chromosome evolution. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:844. [PMID: 27793086 PMCID: PMC5084323 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent to which sex reversal is associated with transitions in sex determining systems (XX-XY, ZZ-ZW, etc.) or abnormal sexual differentiation is predominantly unexplored in amphibians. This is in large part because most amphibian taxa have homomorphic sex chromosomes, which has traditionally made it challenging to identify discordance between phenotypic and genetic sex in amphibians, despite all amphibians having a genetic component to sex determination. Recent advances in molecular techniques such as genome complexity reduction and high throughput sequencing present a valuable avenue for furthering our understanding of sex determination in amphibians and other taxa with homomorphic sex chromosomes like many fish and reptiles. RESULTS We use DArTseq as a novel approach to identify sex-linked markers in the North American green frog (Rana clamitans melanota) using lab-reared tadpoles as well as wild-caught adults from seven ponds either in undeveloped, forested habitats or suburban ponds known to be subject to contamination by anthropogenic chemicals. The DArTseq methodology identified 13 sex-linked SNP loci and eight presence-absence loci associated with males, indicating an XX-XY system. Both alleles from a single locus show partial high sequence homology to Dmrt1, a gene linked to sex determination and differentiation throughout Metazoa. Two other loci have sequence similarities to regions of the chimpanzee and human X-chromosome as well as the chicken Z-chromosome. Several loci also show geographic variation in sex-linkage, possibly indicating sex chromosome recombination. While all loci are statistically sex-linked, they show varying degrees of female heterozygosity and male homozygosity, providing further evidence that some markers are on regions of the sex chromosomes undergoing higher rates of recombination and therefore further apart from the putative sex determining locus. CONCLUSION The ease of the DArTseq platform provides a useful avenue for future research on sex reversal and sex chromosome evolution in vertebrates, particularly for non-model species with homomorphic or cryptic or nascent sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R Lambert
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, Greeley Memorial Lab, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - David K Skelly
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, Greeley Memorial Lab, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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175
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Yin YL, Zhou Y, Zhou YH, Shi K, Zhou J, Yu Y, Yu JQ, Xia XJ. Interplay between mitogen-activated protein kinase and nitric oxide in brassinosteroid-induced pesticide metabolism in Solanum lycopersicum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 316:221-31. [PMID: 27236431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) play important roles in brassinosteroid (BR)-induced stress tolerance, however, their functions in BR-induced pesticides metabolism remain unclear. Here, we showed that MPK activity and transcripts of SlMPK1 and SlMPK2 were induced by chlorothalonil (CHT), a widely used fungicide, in tomato leaves. However, cosilencing of SlMPK1/2 compromised the 24-epibrassinolide (EBR)-induced upregulation of detoxification genes and CHT metabolism in tomato leaves. In addition, cosilencing of SlMPK1/2 inhibited the accumulation of S-nitrosothiol (SNO), the reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in plants, whereas tungstate, the inhibitor of nitrate reductase (NR), blocked EBR-induced SNO accumulation and MPK activity. Inhibiting the accumulation of NO by cPTIO, the specific scavenger and tungstate abolished the EBR-induced upregulation of detoxification genes, glutathione accumulation and CHT metabolism. The results showed that MPK and NR-dependent NO were involved in BR-induced CHT metabolism. Notably, there was a positive crosstalk between the MPK and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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176
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Li YY, Chen J, Qin ZF. Determining the optimal developmental stages of Xenopus laevis for initiating exposures to chemicals for sensitively detecting their feminizing effects on gonadal differentiation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 179:134-142. [PMID: 27611864 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Xenopus laevis is an important model for detecting feminizing effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on amphibians because its genetic males can be induced to phenotypic females by estrogenic chemicals. It is crucial that chemical exposures begin at sensitive developmental stages for gonadal sex-reversal in X. laevis. To determine the optimal stages for initiating exposures, we investigated gonadal sex-reversal induced by low concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) when exposures were initiated at different stages (3/4, 45/46, 48 and 50) until stage 58. We found that 0.1nM EE2 resulted in 85%, 86%, 43%, and 19% intersex, whereas 1nM EE2 caused 77%, 81%, 17%, and 8% phenotypic females, when genetic male tadpoles were exposed from stages 3/4, 45/46, 48 and 50, respectively. The data show the sensitivity of X. laevis gonads to EE2 at stages 45/46 is similar with that at stages 3/4, but the sensitivity decreases at stage 48 and stage 50, displaying a developmental stage-dependent manner. In another experiment using the offspring of another pair of frogs, we confirmed high sensitivity of X. laevis gonads at stages 45/46 to low concentrations of EE2. Considering that stages 45/46 tadpoles are easier to manipulate and have higher survival rates than earlier embryos, we propose that stages 45/46 are the optimal stages for initiating exposure for detecting feminizing effects of EDCs on gonadal differentiation in X. laevis. The developmental stages for initiating exposures we determined will guarantee the high sensitivity for detecting feminizing effects of EDCs with low estrogenic activities on gonadal differentiation in X. laevis. Also, our study suggests that gonadal differentiation in X. laevis possibly begins at stages 45/46, but not at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Fen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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177
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Sai L, Dong Z, Li L, Guo Q, Jia Q, Xie L, Bo C, Liu Y, Qu B, Li X, Shao H, Ng JC, Peng C. Gene expression profiles in testis of developing male Xenopus laevis damaged by chronic exposure of atrazine. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:145-152. [PMID: 27288644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As a widely used herbicide, atrazine (AZ) has been extensively studied for its adverse effects on the reproductive system, especially feminization in male animals. However, the relationship of gene expression changes and associated toxicological endpoints remains unclear. In this study, developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed to concentration of AZ at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μg/L continuously. Compared with froglets in the control group, there were no significant differences in body length, body weight, liver weight and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of males in groups treated with AZ for 90 d. At 100 μg/L AZ treatment caused a significant reduction of gonad weight and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of males (p < 0.01). In addition, AZ at all dose levels caused testicular degeneration, especially in froglets from the groups with 0.1 and 100 μg/L which exhibited U-shaped dose-response trend. We further investigated the gene expression changes associated with the testicular degeneration induced by AZ. We found that the expression of 1165 genes was significantly altered with 616 upregulated and 549 downregulated compared to the expression profile of the control animals. KEGG analysis showed that genes which were significantly affected by AZ are mainly involved in arginine and proline metabolism, cell cycle, riboflavin metabolism, spliceosome, base excision repair and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathway. Our results show that AZ may affect reproductive and immune systems by interference with the related gene expression changes during the male X. laevis development. The findings may help to clarify the feminization mechanisms of AZ in male X. laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sai
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Dong
- The 404th Hospital of PLA, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiming Guo
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Cunxiang Bo
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanzhong Liu
- Weihai Wendeng Center Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Binpeng Qu
- Shandong Medical College, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- Heze Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology-Entox, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China; The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology-Entox, Brisbane, Australia
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178
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Ehrsam M, Knutie SA, Rohr JR. The herbicide atrazine induces hyperactivity and compromises tadpole detection of predator chemical cues. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2239-44. [PMID: 26799769 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect chemical cues is often critical for freshwater organisms to avoid predation and find food and mates. In particular, reduced activity and avoidance of chemical cues signaling predation risk are generally adaptive behaviors that reduce prey encounter rates with predators. The present study examined the effects of the common herbicide atrazine on the ability of Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles to detect and respond to chemical cues from larval dragonfly (Libellulidae sp.) predators. Tadpoles exposed to an estimated environmental concentration of atrazine (calculated using US Environmental Protection Agency software; measured concentration, 178 μg/L) were significantly hyperactive relative to those exposed to solvent control. In addition, control tadpoles significantly avoided predator chemical cues, but tadpoles exposed to atrazine did not. These results are consistent with previous studies that have demonstrated that ecologically relevant concentrations of atrazine can induce hyperactivity and impair the olfactory abilities of other freshwater vertebrates. The authors call for additional studies examining the role of chemical contaminants in disrupting chemical communication and the quantification of subsequent impacts on the fitness and population dynamics of wildlife. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2239-2244. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Ehrsam
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah A Knutie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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179
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Marcus SR, Fiumera AC. Atrazine exposure affects longevity, development time and body size in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 91-92:18-25. [PMID: 27317622 PMCID: PMC4969214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is the one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States and non-target organisms may encounter it in the environment. Atrazine is known to affect male reproduction in both vertebrates and invertebrates but less is known about its effects on other fitness traits. Here we assessed the effects of five different chronic exposure levels on a variety of fitness traits in Drosophila melanogaster. We measured male and female longevity, development time, proportion pupated, proportion emerged, body size, female mating rate, fertility and fecundity. Atrazine exposure decreased the proportion pupated, the proportion emerged and adult survival. Development time was also affected by atrazine and exposed flies pupated and emerged earlier than controls. Although development time was accelerated, body size was actually larger in some of the exposures. Atrazine exposure had no effect on female mating rate and the effects on female fertility and fecundity were only observed in one of the two independent experimental blocks. Many of the traits showed non-monotonic dose response curves, where the intermediate concentrations showed the largest effects. Overall this study shows that atrazine influences a variety of life history traits in the model genetic system, D. melanogaster, and future studies should aim to identify the molecular mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Marcus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Anthony C Fiumera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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180
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Lee EJ, Jang Y, Kang K, Song DH, Kim R, Chang HW, Lee DE, Song CKE, Choi B, Kang MJ, Chang EJ. Atrazine induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of T lymphocytes via the caspase-8-dependent pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:998-1008. [PMID: 25640594 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is one of the most commonly applied broad-spectrum herbicides. Although ATR is well known to be a biologically hazardous molecule with potential toxicity in the immune system, the molecular mechanisms responsible for ATR-induced immunotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, we found that the immunotoxic properties of ATR were mediated through the induction of apoptotic changes in T lymphocytes. Mice exposed to ATR for 4 weeks exhibited a significant decrease in the number of spleen CD3(+) T lymphocytes, while CD19(+) B lymphocytes and nonlymphoid cells were unaffected. ATR exposure also led to inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human Jurkat T-cells. Importantly, ATR triggered the activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of caspase-8 and PARP, whereas it did not affect the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in Jurkat T-cells. In addition, ATR activated the unfolded protein response signaling pathway, as indicated by eIF2α phosphorylation and CHOP induction. Our results demonstrate that ATR elicited an immunotoxic effect by inducing ER stress-induced apoptosis in T-cells, therefore providing evidence for the molecular mechanism by which ATR induces dysregulation of the immune system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 998-1008, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsaeng Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonyoon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Rihyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Won Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eil Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Claire Ka-Eun Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
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181
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Komtchou S, Dirany A, Drogui P, Delegan N, El Khakani MA, Robert D, Lafrance P. Degradation of atrazine in aqueous solution with electrophotocatalytic process using TiO2-x photoanode. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 157:79-88. [PMID: 27209556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the efficiency of a sustainable treatment technology, the electrophotocatalytic (EPC) process using innovative photoanode TiO2-x prepared by a magnetron sputter deposition process to remove the herbicide atrazine (ATZ) from water. The coexistence of anatase and rutile were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the presence of oxygen vacancies reduce the value of the observed bandgap to 3.0 eV compared to the typical 3.2 eV TiO2, this reduction is concomitant with a partial phase transition which is probably responsible for the increase in photoactivity. The experimental results with an initial concentration of ATZ (100 μg L(-1)) show that more than 99% of ATZ oxidation was obtained after 30 min of treatment and reaction kinetic constant was about 0.146 min(-1). This good efficiency indicates that EPC process is an efficient, simple and green technique for degradation of pesticides such as ATZ in water. The analysis with liquid chromatography technique permits to identify, quantify and see the evolution of ATZ by-products which are generated by dechlorination, dealkylation and alkylic-oxidation mechanisms. Finally, the possible pathways of ATZ degradation by hydroxyl radicals were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Komtchou
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Ahmad Dirany
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Nazar Delegan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications), Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - My Ali El Khakani
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications), Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Didier Robert
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourgé, Rue Victor Demange, 57500 Saint-Avold, France.
| | - Pierre Lafrance
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
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182
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Wirbisky SE, Sepúlveda MS, Weber GJ, Jannasch AS, Horzmann KA, Freeman JL. Embryonic Atrazine Exposure Elicits Alterations in Genes Associated with Neuroendocrine Function in Adult Male Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:149-64. [PMID: 27413107 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis states that exposure to environmental stressors early in life can elicit genome and epigenome changes resulting in an increased susceptibility of a disease state during adulthood. Atrazine, a common agricultural herbicide used throughout the Midwestern United States, frequently contaminates potable water supplies and is a suspected endocrine disrupting chemical. In our previous studies, zebrafish was exposed to 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 parts per billion (μg/l) atrazine through embryogenesis, rinsed, and allowed to mature to adulthood. A decrease in spawning was observed with morphological alterations in offspring. In addition, adult females displayed an increase in ovarian progesterone and follicular atresia, alterations in levels of a serotonin metabolite and serotonin turnover in brain tissue, and transcriptome changes in brain and ovarian tissue supporting neuroendocrine alterations. As reproductive dysfunction is also influenced by males, this study assessed testes histology, hormone levels, and transcriptomic profiles of testes and brain tissue in the adult males. The embryonic atrazine exposure resulted in no alterations in body or testes weight, gonadosomatic index, testes histology, or levels of 11-ketotestosterone or testosterone. To further investigate potential alterations, transcriptomic profiles of adult male testes and brain tissue was completed. This analysis demonstrated alterations in genes associated with abnormal cell and neuronal growth and morphology; molecular transport, quantity, and production of steroid hormones; and neurotransmission with an emphasis on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axes. Overall, this data indicate future studies should focus on additional neuroendocrine endpoints to determine potential functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Wirbisky
- *School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana 47907
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- *School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana 47907 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, Indiana 47907
| | - Gregory J Weber
- *School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana 47907
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183
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Russart KL, Rhen T. Atrazine alters expression of reproductive and stress genes in the developing hypothalamus of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. Toxicology 2016; 366-367:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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184
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Háhn J, Szoboszlay S, Krifaton C, Kovács KJ, Ferenczi S, Kriszt B. Development of a combined method to assess the complex effect of atrazine on sex steroid synthesis in H295R cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:507-514. [PMID: 27085065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a rapid, cost-effective combined testing method to assess the indirect effect of compounds interfering with sex steroid synthesis and to determine complex effects of atrazine on estrogen and androgen synthesis in vitro on H295R human cell line. Steroidogenic assay was performed on H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line. Instead of standard analytical methods, bioluminescence bioreporter assays (Saccharomyces cerevisiae BLYES and BLYAS) were used to measure estrogenic and androgenic effects of sex steroid hormones released by human cells in response to atrazine. Atrazine resulted in elevated estrogen production presumably due to its well documented inductive effect on aromatase on H295R cell line, detected by BLYES. Interestingly, results of BLYAS test showed concentration-dependent increase of androgen production in H295R cells. That indicates that atrazine can not only increase estrogen level via aromatase induction, but may interfere in androgen synthesis as well. The combined method allows us to assess the androgenic and estrogenic effect of sex steroids produced by human cells in increased or decreased quantity as a result of the different chemicals, without determining specific analytical measurement endpoints, by using the yeast based bioluminescent bioreporter test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Háhn
- Szent István University, Regional University Center of Excellence, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szoboszlay
- Szent István University, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Krifaton
- Szent István University, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Krisztina J Kovács
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony Street, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Szilamér Ferenczi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony Street, Budapest 1083, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Szent István University, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter Károly Street, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
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185
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Esperanza M, Seoane M, Rioboo C, Herrero C, Cid Á. Early alterations on photosynthesis-related parameters in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells exposed to atrazine: A multiple approach study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 554-555:237-245. [PMID: 26950638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells were exposed to a sublethal concentration of the widespread herbicide atrazine for 3h. Physiological cellular parameters, such as chlorophyll a fluorescence and oxidative stress monitored by flow cytometry and pigments levels were altered in microalgal cells exposed to 0.25 μM of atrazine. Furthermore, the effects of this herbicide on C. reinhardtii were explored using "omics" techniques. Transcriptomic analyses, carried out by RNA-Seq technique, displayed 9 differentially expressed genes, related to photosynthesis, between control cultures and atrazine exposed cultures. Proteomic profiles were obtained using iTRAQ tags and MALDI-MS/MS analysis, identifying important changes in the proteome during atrazine stress; 5 proteins related to photosynthesis were downexpressed. The results of these experiments advance the understanding of photosynthetic adjustments that occur during an early herbicide exposure. Inhibition of photosynthesis induced by atrazine toxicity will affect the entire physiological and biochemical states of microalgal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Esperanza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Seoane
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carmen Rioboo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Concepción Herrero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cid
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira, s/n 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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186
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McLachlan JA. Environmental signaling: from environmental estrogens to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and beyond. Andrology 2016; 4:684-94. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. McLachlan
- Department of Pharmacology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA USA
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187
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Rothman GR, Blackiston DJ, Levin M. Color and intensity discrimination in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Anim Cogn 2016; 19:911-9. [PMID: 27146661 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-0990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into the physiology of Xenopus laevis have the potential to greatly accelerate biomedical research, especially concerning neural plasticity and sensory systems, but are limited by the lack of available information on behavioral learning in this species. Here, we attempt to lay the foundations for a behavioral assay in Xenopus that can be used in conjunction with biological manipulations. We tested cohorts of Xenopus tadpoles across four light-mediated active-avoidance experiments, using either wavelength or intensity as the salient discriminative cue. In the wavelength task, we determine a baseline learning rate and characterize retention of learning, identifying active extinction effects as far more potent than the passage of time in the loss of behavior. In the intensity task, we examine the effects of varying differences between the discriminative stimuli on acquisition and extinction and identify a critical range of intensity differences where learning changes. The results of our experiments demonstrate that Xenopus is a tractable model organism for cognitive research and can learn a variety of associative tasks in the laboratory settings. These data reveal new aspects of the Xenopus larval visual processing system and facilitate future research between cognitive methods and biological/chemical manipulations to study mechanisms of brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Rothman
- Department of Biology, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Douglas J Blackiston
- Department of Biology, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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188
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Bussy U, Li K, Li W. Application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in quantitative bioanalyses of organic molecules in aquatic environment and organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9459-79. [PMID: 26996906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of metabolites or contaminants (or both) in various tissues of aquatic organisms and in the aquatic environment have received increasing attention in the last few years. This review discusses the findings relevant to such procedures published between 2005 and 2015. The aim is to evaluate the advantages, restrictions, and performances of the procedures from sample preparation to mass spectrometry measurement. To support these discussions, a general knowledge on LC-MS/MS is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Room 13, Natural Resources Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Room 13, Natural Resources Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Room 13, Natural Resources Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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189
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Ji Q, Lee J, Lin YH, Jing G, Tsai LJ, Chen A, Hetrick L, Jocoy D, Liu J. Atrazine and malathion shorten the maturation process of Xenopus laevis oocytes and have an adverse effect on early embryo development. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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190
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Mizoguchi BA, Valenzuela N. Ecotoxicological Perspectives of Sex Determination. Sex Dev 2016; 10:45-57. [DOI: 10.1159/000444770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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191
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Nordenholt RM, Goyne KW, Kremer RJ, Lin CH, Lerch RN, Veum KS. Veterinary Antibiotic Effects on Atrazine Degradation and Soil Microorganisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:565-575. [PMID: 27065404 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in manure applied to agricultural lands may change agrichemical degradation by altering soil microbial community structure or function. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of two VAs, sulfamethazine (SMZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC), on atrazine (ATZ) degradation, soil microbial enzymatic activity, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers. Sandy loam soil with and without 5% swine manure (w/w) was amended with 0 or 500 μg kgC radiolabeled ATZ and with 0, 100, or 1000 μg kg SMZ or OTC and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 96 d. The half-life of ATZ was not significantly affected by VA treatment in the presence or absence of manure; however, the VAs significantly ( < 0.05) inhibited ATZ mineralization in soil without manure (25-50% reduction). Manure amendment decreased ATZ degradation by 22%, reduced ATZ mineralization by 50%, and increased the half-life of ATZ by >10 d. The VAs had limited adverse effects on the microbial enzymes β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase in soils with and without manure. In contrast, manure application stimulated dehydrogenase activity and altered chlorinated ATZ metabolite profiles. Concentrations of PLFA markers were reduced by additions of ATZ, manure, OTC, and SMZ; adverse additive effects of combined treatments were noted for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and actinobacteria. In this work, the VAs did not influence persistence of the ATZ parent compound or chlorinated ATZ metabolite formation and degradation. However, reduced CO evolved from VA-treated soil suggests an inhibition to the degradation of other ATZ metabolites due to an altered soil microbial community structure.
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192
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Wirbisky SE, Weber GJ, Sepúlveda MS, Lin TL, Jannasch AS, Freeman JL. An embryonic atrazine exposure results in reproductive dysfunction in adult zebrafish and morphological alterations in their offspring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21337. [PMID: 26891955 PMCID: PMC4759560 DOI: 10.1038/srep21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbicide atrazine, a suspected endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), frequently contaminates potable water supplies. Studies suggest alterations in the neuroendocrine system along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis; however, most studies address either developmental, pubertal, or adulthood exposures, with few investigations regarding a developmental origins hypothesis. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 parts per billion (ppb) atrazine through embryogenesis and then allowed to mature with no additional chemical exposure. Reproductive function, histopathology, hormone levels, offspring morphology, and the ovarian transcriptome were assessed. Embryonic atrazine exposure resulted in a significant increase in progesterone levels in the 3 and 30 ppb groups. A significant decrease in spawning and a significant increase in follicular atresia in the 30 ppb group were observed. In offspring, a decrease in the head length to body ratio in the 30 ppb group, along with a significant increase in head width to body ratio in the 0.3 and 3 ppb groups occurred. Transcriptomic alterations involved genes associated with endocrine system development and function, tissue development, and behavior. This study provides evidence to support atrazine as an EDC causing reproductive dysfunction and molecular alterations in adults exposed only during embryogenesis and morphological alterations in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- School of Health Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tsang-Long Lin
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amber S Jannasch
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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193
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Liu X, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Liu K, Zhang S, Yin M, Zhang L, Shen J. Perylenediimide-cored cationic nanocarriers deliver virus DNA to kill insect pests. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00574h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The narrow infection range of insect virus restricts its use for the control of broad range of pests. A cationic fluorescent nanocarrier delivery system was successfully applied to broaden the host range of an insecticidal virus DNA, which should contributes to the organic and green food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology
- China Agricultural University
- 100193 Beijing
- China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Entomology
- China Agricultural University
- 100193 Beijing
- China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
| | - Kelan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
| | - Songdou Zhang
- Department of Entomology
- China Agricultural University
- 100193 Beijing
- China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Entomology
- China Agricultural University
- 100193 Beijing
- China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology
- China Agricultural University
- 100193 Beijing
- China
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194
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Spirhanzlova P, Leleu M, Sébillot A, Lemkine GF, Iguchi T, Demeneix BA, Tindall AJ. Oestrogen reporter transgenic medaka for non-invasive evaluation of aromatase activity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 179:64-71. [PMID: 26352216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate reproduction involves complex steroid hormone interplay and inter-conversion. A critical element in maintaining sex steroid levels is the enzyme aromatase (cytochrome P450 19A1) which converts androgens to oestrogens. In turn oestrogen signalling is targeted by numerous chemicals, from pharmaceuticals to agricultural chemicals, both frequent sources of contamination in waste waters and consequently rivers. Although many models are now available to address disruption of oestrogen signalling, there are currently no published protocols allowing discrimination between alterations in testosterone metabolism and in oestrogenic signalling. It was with this limitation in mind that we optimised this protocol. We show using a 48h protocol that pre-feeding fry of the choriogenin h-gfp (chgh-gfp) medaka line are sensitive to 0.05nM EE2 (15ng/L), within the range of the lowest published observable physiological effect concentrations for medaka. In addition, co-treatment with testosterone can reveal potential effects of test substances on aromatase enzymatic activity. As the measurements are visualised in real-time without affecting embryo viability, repeated measures are possible. We demonstrate the ability of this model to detect oestrogen receptor agonists, aromatisable androgens, P450 aromatase activity modulators and selective oestrogen response modulators. Importantly, the range of this assay is physiologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spirhanzlova
- WatchFrog S.A., 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France; CNRS UMR 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Leleu
- WatchFrog S.A., 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | | | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- CNRS UMR 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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195
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Scaia MF, Czuchlej SC, Cervino N, Ceballos NR. Apoptosis, proliferation and presence of estradiol receptors in the testes and Bidder's organ of the toadRhinella arenarum(Amphibia, Anura). J Morphol 2015; 277:412-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Scaia
- Laboratorio De Endocrinología Comparada, Departamento De Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales; Universidad De Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Silvia Cristina Czuchlej
- Laboratorio De Endocrinología Comparada, Departamento De Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales; Universidad De Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nadia Cervino
- Laboratorio De Endocrinología Comparada, Departamento De Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales; Universidad De Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nora Raquel Ceballos
- Laboratorio De Endocrinología Comparada, Departamento De Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales; Universidad De Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
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196
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Green Tea Catechin, EGCG, Suppresses PCB 102-Induced Proliferation in Estrogen-Sensitive Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Breast Cancer 2015; 2015:163591. [PMID: 26783468 PMCID: PMC4691479 DOI: 10.1155/2015/163591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment is of considerable concern since they accumulate in human breast tissue and may stimulate the growth of estrogen-sensitive tumors. Studies have shown that EGCG from green tea can modify estrogenic activity and thus may act as a cancer chemopreventive agent. In the present study, we evaluated the individual and combined effects of PCB 102 and EGCG on cell proliferation using an estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell line MCF-7/BOS. PCB 102 (1-10 μM) increased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the proliferative effects of PCB 102 were mediated by ERα and could be abrogated by the selective ERα antagonist MPP. EGCG (10-50 μM) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of PCB 102-induced cell proliferation, with nearly complete inhibition at 25 μM EGCG. The antiproliferative action of EGCG was mediated by ERβ and could be blocked by the ERβ-specific inhibitor PHTPP. In conclusion, EGCG suppressed the proliferation-stimulating activity of the environmental estrogen PCB 102 which may be helpful in the chemoprevention of breast cancer.
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197
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Qin L, Du ZH, Zhu SY, Li XN, Li N, Guo JA, Li JL, Zhang Y. Atrazine triggers developmental abnormality of ovary and oviduct in quails (Coturnix Coturnix coturnix) via disruption of hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:299-307. [PMID: 26432752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There has been a gradual increase in production and consumption of atrazine (ATR) in agriculture to meet the population rising demands. Female reproduction is necessary for growth and maintenance of population. However, ATR impact on females and particularly ovarian developmental toxicity is less clear. The aim of this study was to define the pathways by which ATR exerted toxic effects on ovarian development of ovary and hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Female quails were dosed by oral gavage from sexual immaturity to maturity with 0, 50, 250 and 500 mg ATR/kg/d for 45 days. ATR had no effect on mortality but depressed feed intake and growth and influenced the biochemical parameters. Notably, the arrested development of ovaries and oviducts were observed in ATR-exposed quails. The circulating concentrations of E2, P, LH and PRL were unregulated and FSH and T was downregulated in ATR-treated quails. The mRNA expression of GnRH in hypothalamo and LH in pituitary and FSH in ovary was downregulated significantly by ATR exposure and FSH and PRL in pituitary were upregulated. ATR exposure upregulated the level of P450scc, P450arom, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD in ovary and downregulated ERβ expression in female quails. However, ATR did not change ERα expression in ovary. This study provides new insights regarding female productive toxicology of ATR exposure. Ovary and oviduct in sexually maturing females were target organs of ATR-induced developmental toxicity. We propose that ATR-induced developmental abnormality of ovary and oviduct is associated with disruption of gonadal hormone balance and HPO axis in female quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hai Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- National Research Insitiute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jing-Ao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources & Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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198
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More similar than you think: Frog metamorphosis as a model of human perinatal endocrinology. Dev Biol 2015; 408:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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199
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Atrazine Exposure and Reproductive Dysfunction through the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis. TOXICS 2015; 3:414-450. [PMID: 28713818 PMCID: PMC5507375 DOI: 10.3390/toxics3040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are exogenous agents that alter endogenous hormone signaling pathways. These chemicals target the neuroendocrine system which is composed of organs throughout the body that work alongside the central nervous system to regulate biological processes. Of primary importance is the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis which is vital for maintaining proper reproductive function. Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) is a pre-emergent herbicide used to prevent the growth of weeds on various crops. This herbicide is reported to widely contaminate potable water supplies everywhere it is applied. As such, the European Union banned the use of atrazine in 2004. Currently the United States Environmental Protection Agency regulates atrazine at 3 parts per billion (ppb; μg/L) in drinking water, while the World Health Organization recently changed their drinking water guideline to 100 ppb. Atrazine is implicated to be an EDC that alters reproductive dysfunction by targeting the HPG axis. However, questions remain as to the human health risks associated with atrazine exposure with studies reporting mixed results on the ability of atrazine to alter the HPG axis. In this review, the current findings for atrazine’s effects on the HPG axis are examined in mammalian, anuran, and fish models and in epidemiological studies.
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200
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Poulsen R, Luong X, Hansen M, Styrishave B, Hayes T. Tebuconazole disrupts steroidogenesis in Xenopus laevis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 168:28-37. [PMID: 26432166 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A 27-day controlled exposure study of adult male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) was conducted to examine the mechanism by which tebuconazole may disrupt steroidogenesis. The fungicide was measured by LC-MS/MS in tank water and in target tissues (adipose, kidney, liver, and brain), and we observed tissue-specific bioconcentration with BCF up to 238. Up to 10 different steroid hormones were quantified in gonads using LC-MS/MS and in plasma using GC-MS/MS and a radioimmunoassay was performed for further measurement of androgens. In order to assess whether effects increased with exposure or animals adapted to the xenobiotic, blood samples were collected 12 days into the study and at termination (day 27). After 12 days of exposure to 100 and 500μgL(-1) tebuconazole, plasma levels of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were increased, while plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) concentrations were greatly reduced. Exposure to 0.1μgL(-1), on the other hand, resulted in decreased levels of T and DHT, with no effects observed for E2. After 27 days of exposure, effects were no longer observed in circulating androgen levels while the suppressive effect on E2 persisted in the two high-exposure groups (100 and 500μgL(-1)). Furthermore, tebuconazole increased gonadal concentrations of T and DHT as well as expression of the enzyme CYP17 (500μgL(-1), 27 days). These results suggest that tebuconazole exposure may supress the action of CYP17 at the lowest exposure (0.1μgL(-1)), while CYP19 suppression dominates at higher exposure concentrations (increased androgens and decreased E2). Increased androgen levels in plasma half-way into the study and in gonads at termination may thus be explained by compensatory mechanisms, mediated through increased enzymatic expression, as prolonged exposure had no effect on circulating androgen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Poulsen
- Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Advanced Drug Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Xuan Luong
- Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martin Hansen
- Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Advanced Drug Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Advanced Drug Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tyrone Hayes
- Laboratory for Integrative Studies in Amphibian Biology, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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