151
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Chen LT, Xu TT, Qiu YQ, Liu NY, Ke XY, Fang L, Yan JP, Zhu DY. Homocysteine induced a calcium-mediated disruption of mitochondrial function and dynamics in endothelial cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22737. [PMID: 33751715 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that originated in methionine metabolism and the elevated level of Hcy in plasma is considered to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction plays a major role in the development of CVD, while the potential mechanism of Hcy-induced endothelial dysfunction is still unclear. Here, in Hcy-treated endothelial cells, we observed the destruction of mitochondrial morphology and the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, the level of ATP was reduced and the reactive oxygen species was increased. The expressions of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and phosphate-Drp1 (Ser616) were upregulated, whereas the expression of mitofusin 2 was inhibited by Hcy treatment. These findings suggested that Hcy not only triggered mitochondrial dysfunction but also incurred an imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics in endothelial cells. The expression of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was activated by Hcy, contributing to calcium transferring into mitochondria. Interestingly, the formation of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) was increased in endothelial cells after Hcy administration. The inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R)-glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75)-voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) complex, which was enriched in MAMs, was also increased. The accumulation of mitochondrial calcium could be blocked by inhibiting with the IP3R inhibitor Xestospongin C (XeC) in Hcy-treated cells. Then, we confirmed that the mitochondrial dysfunction and the increased mitochondrial fission induced by Hcy could be attenuated after Hcy and XeC co-treatment. In conclusion, Hcy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamics disorder in endothelial cells were mainly related to the increase of calcium as a result of the upregulated expressions of the MCU and the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC complex in MAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Qing Qiu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nuo-Ya Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Ping Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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152
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Balancing ER-Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Fluxes in Health and Disease. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:598-612. [PMID: 33678551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organelles cooperate with each other to control cellular homeostasis and cell functions by forming close connections through membrane contact sites. Important contacts are present between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the main intracellular Ca2+-storage organelle, and the mitochondria, the organelle responsible not only for the majority of cellular ATP production but also for switching on cell death processes. Several Ca2+-transport systems focalize at these contact sites, thereby enabling the efficient transmission of Ca2+ signals from the ER toward mitochondria. This provides tight control of mitochondrial functions at the microdomain level. Here, we discuss how ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfers support cell function and how their dysregulation underlies, drives, or contributes to pathogenesis and pathophysiology, with a major focus on cancer and neurodegeneration but also with attention to other diseases such as diabetes and rare genetic diseases.
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153
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Zhou H, Ren J, Toan S, Mui D. Role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in myocardial infarction: From bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101250. [PMID: 33388396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible death of cardiomyocyte secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen or fresh blood supply. Historically considered as merely cardiomyocyte powerhouse that manufactures ATP and other metabolites, mitochondrion is recently being identified as a signal regulator that is implicated in the crosstalk and signal integration of cardiomyocyte contraction, metabolism, inflammation, and death. Mitochondria quality surveillance is an integrated network system modifying mitochondrial structure and function through the coordination of various processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, bioenergetics, proteostasis, and degradation via mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission favors the elimination of depolarized mitochondria through mitophagy, whereas mitochondrial fusion preserves the mitochondrial network upon stress through integration of two or more small mitochondria into an interconnected phenotype. Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a regenerative program to replace old and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy ones. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is regulated by a metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid usage, depending on oxygen availability. To maintain the diversity and function of mitochondrial proteins, a specialized protein quality control machinery regulates protein dynamics and function through the activity of chaperones and proteases, and induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial quality surveillance and highlight the most recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to restore mitochondrial fitness during both MI and post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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154
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Pipis M, Feely SME, Polke JM, Skorupinska M, Perez L, Shy RR, Laura M, Morrow JM, Moroni I, Pisciotta C, Taroni F, Vujovic D, Lloyd TE, Acsadi G, Yum SW, Lewis RA, Finkel RS, Herrmann DN, Day JW, Li J, Saporta M, Sadjadi R, Walk D, Burns J, Muntoni F, Ramchandren S, Horvath R, Johnson NE, Züchner S, Pareyson D, Scherer SS, Rossor AM, Shy ME, Reilly MM. Natural history of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A: a large international multicentre study. Brain 2021; 143:3589-3602. [PMID: 33415332 PMCID: PMC7805791 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is one of two ubiquitously expressed homologous proteins in eukaryote cells, playing a critical role in mitochondrial fusion. Mutations in MFN2 (most commonly autosomal dominant) cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A), the commonest axonal form of CMT, with significant allelic heterogeneity. Previous, moderately-sized, cross sectional genotype-phenotype studies of CMT2A have described the phenotypic spectrum of the disease, but longitudinal natural history studies are lacking. In this large multicentre prospective cohort study of 196 patients with dominant and autosomal recessive CMT2A, we present an in-depth genotype-phenotype study of the baseline characteristics of patients with CMT2A and longitudinal data (1–2 years) to describe the natural history. A childhood onset of autosomal dominant CMT2A is the most predictive marker of significant disease severity and is independent of the disease duration. When compared to adult onset autosomal dominant CMT2A, it is associated with significantly higher rates of use of ankle-foot orthoses, full-time use of wheelchair, dexterity difficulties and also has significantly higher CMT Examination Score (CMTESv2) and CMT Neuropathy Score (CMTNSv2) at initial assessment. Analysis of longitudinal data using the CMTESv2 and its Rasch-weighted counterpart, CMTESv2-R, show that over 1 year, the CMTESv2 increases significantly in autosomal dominant CMT2A (mean change 0.84 ± 2.42; two-tailed paired t-test P = 0.039). Furthermore, over 2 years both the CMTESv2 (mean change 0.97 ± 1.77; two-tailed paired t-test P = 0.003) and the CMTESv2-R (mean change 1.21 ± 2.52; two-tailed paired t-test P = 0.009) increase significantly with respective standardized response means of 0.55 and 0.48. In the paediatric CMT2A population (autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive CMT2A grouped together), the CMT Pediatric Scale increases significantly both over 1 year (mean change 2.24 ± 3.09; two-tailed paired t-test P = 0.009) and over 2 years (mean change 4.00 ± 3.79; two-tailed paired t-test P = 0.031) with respective standardized response means of 0.72 and 1.06. This cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the largest CMT2A cohort reported to date provides guidance for variant interpretation, informs prognosis and also provides natural history data that will guide clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos Pipis
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Shawna M E Feely
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James M Polke
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mariola Skorupinska
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Laura Perez
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rosemary R Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Matilde Laura
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jasper M Morrow
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Department of Diagnostics and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Dragan Vujovic
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas E Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gyula Acsadi
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Sabrina W Yum
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David N Herrmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mario Saporta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Reza Sadjadi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Walk
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joshua Burns
- University of Sydney School of Health Sciences and Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander M Rossor
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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155
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Mehrzadi S, Karimi MY, Fatemi A, Reiter RJ, Hosseinzadeh A. SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses negatively influence mitochondrial quality control: beneficial effects of melatonin. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107825. [PMID: 33662449 PMCID: PMC7919585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of single stranded RNA viruses, of which some of them such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are associated with deadly worldwide human diseases. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a condition caused by SARS-CoV-2, results in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with high mortality in the elderly and in people with underlying comorbidities. Results from several studies suggest that CoVs localize in mitochondria and interact with mitochondrial protein translocation machinery to target their encoded products to mitochondria. Coronaviruses encode a number of proteins; this process is essential for viral replication through inhibiting degradation of viral proteins and host misfolded proteins including those in mitochondria. These viruses seem to maintain their replication by altering mitochondrial dynamics and targeting mitochondrial-associated antiviral signaling (MAVS), allowing them to evade host innate immunity. Coronaviruses infections such as COVID-19 are more severe in aging patients. Since endogenous melatonin levels are often dramatically reduced in the aged and because it is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, melatonin has been proposed to be useful in CoVs infections by altering proteasomal and mitochondrial activities. Melatonin inhibits mitochondrial fission due to its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on cytosolic calcium overload. The collective data suggests that melatonin may mediate mitochondrial adaptations through regulating both mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. We propose that melatonin may inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced cell damage by regulating mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Fatemi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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156
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Díaz P, Sandoval-Bórquez A, Bravo-Sagua R, Quest AFG, Lavandero S. Perspectives on Organelle Interaction, Protein Dysregulation, and Cancer Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:613336. [PMID: 33718356 PMCID: PMC7946981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.613336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, compelling evidence has emerged showing that organelles are not static structures but rather form a highly dynamic cellular network and exchange information through membrane contact sites. Although high-throughput techniques facilitate identification of novel contact sites (e.g., organelle-organelle and organelle-vesicle interactions), little is known about their impact on cellular physiology. Moreover, even less is known about how the dysregulation of these structures impacts on cellular function and therefore, disease. Particularly, cancer cells display altered signaling pathways involving several cell organelles; however, the relevance of interorganelle communication in oncogenesis and/or cancer progression remains largely unknown. This review will focus on organelle contacts relevant to cancer pathogenesis. We will highlight specific proteins and protein families residing in these organelle-interfaces that are known to be involved in cancer-related processes. First, we will review the relevance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria interactions. This section will focus on mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and particularly the tethering proteins at the ER-mitochondria interphase, as well as their role in cancer disease progression. Subsequently, the role of Ca2+ at the ER-mitochondria interphase in cancer disease progression will be discussed. Members of the Bcl-2 protein family, key regulators of cell death, also modulate Ca2+ transport pathways at the ER-mitochondria interphase. Furthermore, we will review the role of ER-mitochondria communication in the regulation of proteostasis, focusing on the ER stress sensor PERK (PRKR-like ER kinase), which exerts dual roles in cancer. Second, we will review the relevance of ER and mitochondria interactions with other organelles. This section will focus on peroxisome and lysosome organelle interactions and their impact on cancer disease progression. In this context, the peroxisome biogenesis factor (PEX) gene family has been linked to cancer. Moreover, the autophagy-lysosome system is emerging as a driving force in the progression of numerous human cancers. Thus, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of each of these organelles and their communication, highlighting how alterations in organelle interfaces participate in cancer development and progression. A better understanding of specific organelle communication sites and their relevant proteins may help to identify potential pharmacological targets for novel therapies in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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157
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Leal NS, Martins LM. Mind the Gap: Mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020227. [PMID: 33672391 PMCID: PMC7926795 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The way organelles are viewed by cell biologists is quickly changing. For many years, these cellular entities were thought to be unique and singular structures that performed specific roles. However, in recent decades, researchers have discovered that organelles are dynamic and form physical contacts. In addition, organelle interactions modulate several vital biological functions, and the dysregulation of these contacts is involved in cell dysfunction and different pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCS) are among the most extensively studied and understood juxtapositioned interorganelle structures. In this review, we summarise the major biological and ultrastructural dysfunctions of MERCS in neurodegeneration, with a particular focus on Alzheimer’s disease as well as Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. We also propose an updated version of the MERCS hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease based on new findings. Finally, we discuss the possibility of MERCS being used as possible drug targets to halt cell death and neurodegeneration.
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158
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Yu H, Sun C, Gong Q, Feng D. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629669. [PMID: 33634130 PMCID: PMC7902067 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) represent a crucial intracellular signaling hub, that regulates various cellular events including Ca2+ homeostasis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and cellular survival and death. All of these MAM-mediated cellular events contribute to carcinogenesis. Indeed, altered functions of MAMs in several types of cancers have been documented, in particular for breast cancer. Over the past years, altered expression of many MAM-resident proteins have been reported in breast cancer. These MAM-resident proteins play an important role in regulation of breast cancer initiation and progression. In the current review, we discuss our current knowledge about the functions of MAMs, and address the underlying mechanisms through which MAM-resident proteins regulate breast cancer. A fuller understanding of the pathways through which MAMs regulate breast cancer, and identification of breast cancer-specific MAM-resident proteins may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GMU-GIBH) Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GMU-GIBH) Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GMU-GIBH) Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Feng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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159
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Rossi A, Galla L, Gomiero C, Zentilin L, Giacca M, Giorgio V, Calì T, Pozzan T, Greotti E, Pizzo P. Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial Function in Presenilin 2 Knock-Out Mice: Looking for Any Loss-of-Function Phenotype Related to Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:204. [PMID: 33494218 PMCID: PMC7909802 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder in which learning, memory and cognitive functions decline progressively. Familial forms of AD (FAD) are caused by mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes. Presenilin 1 (PS1) and its homologue, presenilin 2 (PS2), represent, alternatively, the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex that, by cleaving APP, produces neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides responsible for one of the histopathological hallmarks in AD brains, the amyloid plaques. Recently, PSEN1 FAD mutations have been associated with a loss-of-function phenotype. To investigate whether this finding can also be extended to PSEN2 FAD mutations, we studied two processes known to be modulated by PS2 and altered by FAD mutations: Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial function. By exploiting neurons derived from a PSEN2 knock-out (PS2-/-) mouse model, we found that, upon IP3-generating stimulation, cytosolic Ca2+ handling is not altered, compared to wild-type cells, while mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is strongly compromised. Accordingly, PS2-/- neurons show a marked reduction in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria apposition and a slight alteration in mitochondrial respiration, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential, and organelle morphology and number appear unchanged. Thus, although some alterations in mitochondrial function appear to be shared between PS2-/- and FAD-PS2-expressing neurons, the mechanisms leading to these defects are quite distinct between the two models. Taken together, our data appear to be difficult to reconcile with the proposal that FAD-PS2 mutants are loss-of-function, whereas the concept that PS2 plays a key role in sustaining mitochondrial function is here confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (V.G.); (T.C.); (T.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Luisa Galla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (V.G.); (T.C.); (T.P.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Gomiero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (V.G.); (T.C.); (T.P.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (L.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (L.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (V.G.); (T.C.); (T.P.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40112 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (V.G.); (T.C.); (T.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (V.G.); (T.C.); (T.P.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (V.G.); (T.C.); (T.P.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (V.G.); (T.C.); (T.P.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
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160
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Doxaki C, Palikaras K. Neuronal Mitophagy: Friend or Foe? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:611938. [PMID: 33537304 PMCID: PMC7848077 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of neuronal homeostasis is a challenging task, due to unique cellular organization and bioenergetic demands of post-mitotic neurons. It is increasingly appreciated that impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis represents an early sign of neuronal dysfunction that is common in both age-related neurodegenerative as well as in neurodevelopmental disorders. Mitochondrial selective autophagy, known as mitophagy, regulates mitochondrial number ensuring cellular adaptation in response to several intracellular and environmental stimuli. Mounting evidence underlines that deregulation of mitophagy levels has an instructive role in the process of neurodegeneration. Although mitophagy induction mediates the elimination of damaged mitochondria and confers neuroprotection, uncontrolled runaway mitophagy could reduce mitochondrial content overstressing the remaining organelles and eventually triggering neuronal cell death. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of neuronal mitophagy and its intricate role in neuronal survival and cell death, will assist in the development of novel mitophagy modulators to promote cellular and organismal homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Greece
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161
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Zhao H, Lin J, Sieck G, Haddad GG. Neuroprotective Role of Akt in Hypoxia Adaptation in Andeans. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:607711. [PMID: 33519361 PMCID: PMC7843528 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.607711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a disease that potentially threatens a large segment of high-altitude populations during extended living at altitudes above 2,500 m. Patients with CMS suffer from severe hypoxemia, excessive erythrocytosis and neurologic deficits. The cellular mechanisms underlying CMS neuropathology remain unknown. We previously showed that iPSC-derived CMS neurons have altered mitochondrial dynamics and increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced cell death. Genome analysis from the same population identified many ER stress-related genes that play an important role in hypoxia adaptation or lack thereof. In the current study, we showed that iPSC-derived CMS neurons have increased expression of ER stress markers Grp78 and XBP1s under normoxia and hyperphosphorylation of PERK under hypoxia, alleviating ER stress does not rescue the hypoxia-induced CMS neuronal cell death. Akt is a cytosolic regulator of ER stress with PERK as a direct target of Akt. CMS neurons exhibited lack of Akt activation and lack of increased Parkin expression as compared to non-CMS neurons under hypoxia. By enhancing Akt activation and Parkin overexpression, hypoxia-induced CMS neuronal cell death was reduced. Taken together, we propose that increased Akt activation protects non-CMS from hypoxia-induced cell death. In contrast, impaired adaptive mechanisms including failure to activate Akt and increase Parkin expression render CMS neurons more susceptible to hypoxia-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gary Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics (Respiratory Medicine), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- The Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
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162
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Yu W, Jin H, Huang Y. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs): a potential therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer's disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:109-126. [PMID: 33404051 PMCID: PMC7796309 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is a leading global health concern for individuals and society. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AD have not yet been elucidated. Currently, the most widely acknowledged hypothesis is amyloid cascade owing to the brain characteristics of AD patients, including great quantities of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Nevertheless, the amyloid cascade hypothesis cannot address certain pathologies that precede Aβ deposition and NFTs formation in AD, such as aberrant calcium homeostasis, abnormal lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Notably, these earlier pathologies are closely associated with mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), the physical structures connecting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, which mediate the communication between these two organelles. It is plausible that MAMs might be involved in a critical step in the cascade of earlier events, ultimately inducing neurodegeneration in AD. In this review, we focus on the role of MAMs in the regulation of AD pathologies and the potential molecular mechanisms related to MAM-mediated pathological changes in AD. An enhanced recognition of the preclinical pathogenesis in AD could provide new therapeutic strategies, shifting the modality from treatment to prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100034
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100034
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100034
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163
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Lin S, Meng T, Huang H, Zhuang H, He Z, Yang H, Feng D. Molecular machineries and physiological relevance of ER-mediated membrane contacts. Theranostics 2021; 11:974-995. [PMID: 33391516 PMCID: PMC7738843 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are defined as regions where two organelles are closely apposed, and most MCSs associated with each other via protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. A number of key molecular machinery systems participate in mediating substance exchange and signal transduction, both of which are essential processes in terms of cellular physiology and pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest reticulum network within the cell and has extensive communication with other cellular organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM), mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes and lipid droplets (LDs). The contacts and reactions between them are largely mediated by various protein tethers and lipids. Ions, lipids and even proteins can be transported between the ER and neighboring organelles or recruited to the contact site to exert their functions. This review focuses on the key molecules involved in the formation of different contact sites as well as their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Lin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haofeng Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410021, China
| | - Du Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
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164
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Che L, Yang CL, Chen Y, Wu ZL, Du ZB, Wu JS, Gan CL, Yan SP, Huang J, Guo NJ, Lin YC, Lin ZN. Mitochondrial redox-driven mitofusin 2 S-glutathionylation promotes neuronal necroptosis via disrupting ER-mitochondria crosstalk in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127878. [PMID: 33182097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are known to affect the structural and functional damage in the neural system. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant that is widely found in numerous environmental matrices and exhibits potential neurotoxic risk. However, it remains unclear how mitochondrial redox status induces, and whether Cd destabilizes, the ER-mitochondria crosstalk to have a toxic effect on the nervous system. Herein, in our present study, bioinformatics analysis revealed an important role of protein interaction and mitochondrial machinery in brain samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Furthermore, we established a neurotoxicity model in vivo and in vitro induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2). We demonstrated that CdCl2 exposure disrupts the balance in mitochondrial redox represented by enhanced mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) levels, which enhance mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) S-glutathionylation and interrupt the mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) for crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria to induce neuronal necroptosis. Mechanistically, it was shown that CdCl2 exposure significantly enhances the mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD) of Mfn2 via S-glutathionylation, which inhibits Mfn2 localization to the MAMs and subsequently leads to the formation of the RIPK1-RIPK3-p-MLKL complex (a key component of the necrosome) at MAMs, to promote neuronal necroptosis. Furthermore, the glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) catalyzed and Mfn2 overexpression restored S-glu-Mfn2, MAMs perturbation, necrosome formation, and necroptosis in neurons induced by CdCl2 exposure in vitro. Moreover, the intervention with antioxidants to reduce mitochondrial redox, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO, reduced the S-glutathionylation of Mfn2 involved in the antagonism of CdCl2-induced necroptosis and neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our results are the first time to demonstrate that S-glutathionylation of Mfn2 promotes neuronal necroptosis via disruption of ER-mitochondria crosstalk in CdCl2-induced neurotoxicity, providing the novel mechanistic insight into how hazardous chemical-induced adverse effects in various organs and tissues could be interpreted by intraorganellar pathways under the control of MAMs components in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chuan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zi-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ze-Bang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jia-Shen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Cong-Ling Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Si-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ni-Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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165
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Benhammouda S, Vishwakarma A, Gatti P, Germain M. Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites (MERCs): Proximity Ligation Assay as a Tool to Study Organelle Interaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021. [PMID: 34926468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.789959.ecollection2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelles cooperate with each other to regulate vital cellular homoeostatic functions. This occurs through the formation of close connections through membrane contact sites. Mitochondria-Endoplasmic-Reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCS) are one of such contact sites that regulate numerous biological processes by controlling calcium and metabolic homeostasis. However, the extent to which contact sites shape cellular biology and the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. A number of biochemical and imaging approaches have been established to address these questions, resulting in the identification of a number of molecular tethers between mitochondria and the ER. Among these techniques, fluorescence-based imaging is widely used, including analysing signal overlap between two organelles and more selective techniques such as in-situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). While these two techniques allow the detection of endogenous proteins, preventing some problems associated with techniques relying on overexpression (FRET, split fluorescence probes), they come with their own issues. In addition, proper image analysis is required to minimise potential artefacts associated with these methods. In this review, we discuss the protocols and outline the limitations of fluorescence-based approaches used to assess MERCs using endogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benhammouda
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anjali Vishwakarma
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Priya Gatti
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université Du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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166
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Bassot A, Chen J, Simmen T. Post-Translational Modification of Cysteines: A Key Determinant of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts (MERCs). CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:25152564211001213. [PMID: 37366382 PMCID: PMC10243593 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cells must adjust their redox state to an ever-changing environment that could otherwise result in compromised homeostasis. An obvious way to adapt to changing redox conditions depends on cysteine post-translational modifications (PTMs) to adapt conformation, localization, interactions and catalytic activation of proteins. Such PTMs should occur preferentially in the proximity of oxidative stress sources. A particular concentration of these sources is found near membranes where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria interact on domains called MERCs (Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts). Here, fine inter-organelle communication controls metabolic homeostasis. MERCs achieve this goal through fluxes of Ca2+ ions and inter-organellar lipid exchange. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause PTMs of mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) proteins determine these intertwined MERC functions. Chronic changes of the pattern of these PTMs not only control physiological processes such as the circadian clock but could also lead to or worsen many human disorders such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Simmen
- Thomas Simmen, Department of Cell
Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2H7.
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167
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Cremer T, Neefjes J, Berlin I. The journey of Ca 2+ through the cell - pulsing through the network of ER membrane contact sites. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/24/jcs249136. [PMID: 33376155 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is the third most abundant metal on earth, and the fundaments of its homeostasis date back to pre-eukaryotic life forms. In higher organisms, Ca2+ serves as a cofactor for a wide array of (enzymatic) interactions in diverse cellular contexts and constitutes the most important signaling entity in excitable cells. To enable responsive behavior, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations are kept low through sequestration into organellar stores, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but also mitochondria and lysosomes. Specific triggers are then used to instigate a local release of Ca2+ on demand. Here, communication between organelles comes into play, which is accomplished through intimate yet dynamic contacts, termed membrane contact sites (MCSs). The field of MCS biology in relation to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis has exploded in recent years. Taking advantage of this new wealth of knowledge, in this Review, we invite the reader on a journey of Ca2+ flux through the ER and its associated MCSs. New mechanistic insights and technological advances inform the narrative on Ca2+ acquisition and mobilization at these sites of communication between organelles, and guide the discussion of their consequences for cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cremer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilana Berlin
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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168
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Yang S, Gorshkov K, Lee EM, Xu M, Cheng YS, Sun N, Soheilian F, de Val N, Ming G, Song H, Tang H, Zheng W. Zika Virus-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via Increased Mitochondrial Fragmentation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:598203. [PMID: 33424801 PMCID: PMC7785723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2015 to 2016 outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in the Americas coincided with a dramatic increase in neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including fetal microcephaly, in newborns born to infected women. In this study, we observed mitochondrial fragmentation and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential after 24 h of ZIKV infection in human neural stem cells and the SNB-19 glioblastoma cell line. The severity of these changes correlated with the amount of ZIKV proteins expressed in infected cells. ZIKV infection also decreased the levels of mitofusin 2, which modulates mitochondria fusion. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1), a small molecule inhibiting mitochondria fission, ameliorated mitochondria disruptions and reduced cell death in ZIKV-infected cells. Collectively, this study suggests that abnormal mitochondrial fragmentation contributes to ZIKV-induced neuronal cell death; rebalancing mitochondrial dynamics of fission-fusion could be a therapeutic strategy for drug development to treat ZIKV-mediated neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily M Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yu-Shan Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nuo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ferri Soheilian
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Natalia de Val
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Guoli Ming
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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169
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Pérez-Treviño P, Aguayo-Millán CD, Santuario-Facio SK, Vela-Guajardo JE, Salazar E, Camacho-Morales A, Ortiz R, García N. Metastatic TNBC is closely associated with a fused mitochondrial morphology and a glycolytic and lipogenic metabolism. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:447-456. [PMID: 33342359 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria modify their function and morphology to satisfy the bioenergetic demand of the cells. Cancer cells take advantage of these features to sustain their metabolic, proliferative, metastatic, and survival necessities. Understanding the morphological changes to mitochondria in the different grades of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) could help to design new treatments. Consequently, this research explored mitochondrial morphology and the gene expression of some proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics, as well as proteins associated with oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism in metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC. We found that mitochondrial morphology and metabolism are different in metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC. In metastatic TNBC, there is overexpression of genes related to mitochondrial dynamics, fatty-acid metabolism, and glycolysis. These features are accompanied by a fused mitochondrial morphology. By comparison, in non-metastatic TNBC, there is a stress-associated mitochondrial morphology with hyperfragmented mitochondria, accompanied by the upregulated expression of genes associated with the biogenesis of mitochondria; both of which are characteristics related to the higher production of reactive oxygen species observed in this cell line. These differences between metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC should provide a better understanding of metastasis and contribute to the development of improved specific and personalized therapies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pérez-Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabólica, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Claudia D Aguayo-Millán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Investigación en Cáncer, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Sandra K Santuario-Facio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Investigación en Cáncer, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Vela-Guajardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabólica, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Esteban Salazar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabólica, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Investigación en Cáncer, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, GIEE Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabólica, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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170
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Sztretye M, Singlár Z, Balogh N, Kis G, Szentesi P, Angyal Á, Balatoni I, Csernoch L, Dienes B. The Role of Orai1 in Regulating Sarcoplasmic Calcium Release, Mitochondrial Morphology and Function in Myostatin Deficient Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:601090. [PMID: 33408641 PMCID: PMC7779810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice a naturally occurring 12-bp deletion in the myostatin gene is considered responsible for the compact phenotype (MstnCmpt-dl1Abc, Cmpt) labeled by a tremendous increase in body weight along with signs of muscle weakness, easier fatigability, decreased Orai1 expression and store operated calcium entry (SOCE). Here, on the one hand, Cmpt fibers were reconstructed with venus-Orai1 but this failed to restore SOCE. On the other hand, the endogenous Orai1 was silenced in fibers from wild type C57Bl6 mice which resulted in ∼70% of Orai1 being silenced in whole muscle homogenates as confirmed by Western blot, accompanied by an inhibitory effect on the voltage dependence of SR calcium release that manifested in a slight shift toward more positive potential values. This maneuver completely hampered SOCE. Our observations are consistent with the idea that Orai1 channels are present in distinct pools responsible for either a rapid refilling of the SR terminal cisternae connected to each voltage-activated calcium transient, or a slow SOCE associated with an overall depletion of calcium in the SR lumen. Furthermore, when Cmpt cells were loaded with the mitochondrial membrane potential sensitive dye TMRE, fiber segments with depolarized mitochondria were identified covering on average 26.5 ± 1.5% of the fiber area. These defective areas were located around the neuromuscular junction and displayed significantly smaller calcium transients. The ultrastructural analysis of the Cmpt fibers revealed changes in the mitochondrial morphology. In addition, the mitochondrial calcium uptake during repetitive stimulation was higher in the Cmpt fibers. Our results favor the idea that reduced function and/or expression of SOCE partners (in this study Orai1) and mitochondrial defects could play an important role in muscle weakness and degeneration associated with certain pathologies, perhaps including loss of function of the neuromuscular junction and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Sztretye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Singlár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Angyal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Balatoni
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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171
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Sun Y, Ding S. ER-Mitochondria Contacts and Insulin Resistance Modulation through Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249587. [PMID: 33339212 PMCID: PMC7765572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes physical contacts with mitochondria at specific sites, and the hubs between the two organelles are called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs are known to play key roles in biological processes, such as intracellular Ca2+ regulation, lipid trafficking, and metabolism, as well as cell death, etc. Studies demonstrated that dysregulation of MAMs significantly contributed to insulin resistance. Alterations of MAMs’ juxtaposition and integrity, impaired expressions of insulin signaling molecules, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, and compromised metabolic flexibility are all actively involved in the above processes. In addition, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus to ameliorate insulin resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms for exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance are not fully understood, MAMs may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
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172
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Garcia BM, Machado TS, Carvalho KF, Nolasco P, Nociti RP, Del Collado M, Capo Bianco MJD, Grejo MP, Augusto Neto JD, Sugiyama FHC, Tostes K, Pandey AK, Gonçalves LM, Perecin F, Meirelles FV, Ferraz JBS, Vanzela EC, Boschero AC, Guimarães FEG, Abdulkader F, Laurindo FRM, Kowaltowski AJ, Chiaratti MR. Mice born to females with oocyte-specific deletion of mitofusin 2 have increased weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:938-952. [PMID: 33118034 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring born to obese and diabetic mothers are prone to metabolic diseases, a phenotype that has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in oocytes. In addition, metabolic diseases impact the architecture and function of mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs), changes which associate with mitofusin 2 (MFN2) repression in muscle, liver and hypothalamic neurons. MFN2 is a potent modulator of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin signaling, with a key role in mitochondrial dynamics and tethering with the ER. Here, we investigated whether offspring born to mice with MFN2-deficient oocytes are prone to obesity and diabetes. Deletion of Mfn2 in oocytes resulted in a profound transcriptomic change, with evidence of impaired mitochondrial and ER function. Moreover, offspring born to females with oocyte-specific deletion of Mfn2 presented increased weight gain and glucose intolerance. This abnormal phenotype was linked to decreased insulinemia and defective insulin signaling, but not mitochondrial and ER defects in offspring liver and skeletal muscle. In conclusion, this study suggests a link between disrupted mitochondrial/ER function in oocytes and increased risk of metabolic diseases in the progeny. Future studies should determine whether MERC architecture and function are altered in oocytes from obese females, which might contribute toward transgenerational transmission of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Garcia
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Machado
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Karen F Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nolasco
- Translational Cardiovascular Biology Unit, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Nociti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maria J D Capo Bianco
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Grejo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - José Djaci Augusto Neto
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia H C Sugiyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Katiane Tostes
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Anand K Pandey
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Departament of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Luciana M Gonçalves
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio V Meirelles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - José Bento S Ferraz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Emerielle C Vanzela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Francisco E G Guimarães
- Departamento de Física e Ciências dos Materiais, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Translational Cardiovascular Biology Unit, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
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173
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Liu Q, Yang X, Long G, Hu Y, Gu Z, Boisclair YR, Long Q. ERAD deficiency promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and transcriptional rewiring in human hepatic cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16743-16753. [PMID: 32978261 PMCID: PMC7864069 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a variety of human diseases including neurodegeneration, diabetes, nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cancer, but its underlying causes are incompletely understood. Using the human hepatic cell line HepG2 as a model, we show here that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), an ER protein quality control process, is critically required for mitochondrial function in mammalian cells. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of key proteins involved in ERAD increased cell death under both basal conditions and in response to proinflammatory cytokines, a situation frequently found in NAFLD. Decreased viability of ERAD-deficient HepG2 cells was traced to impaired mitochondrial functions including reduced ATP production, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and increased mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. Transcriptome profiling revealed widespread down-regulation of genes underpinning mitochondrial functions, and up-regulation of genes associated with tumor growth and aggression. These results highlight a critical role for ERAD in maintaining mitochondrial functional and structural integrity and raise the possibility of improving cellular and organismal mitochondrial function via enhancing cellular ERAD capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangyu Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yabing Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yves R Boisclair
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Qiaoming Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cam-Su Mouse Genomic Resources Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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174
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Alsayyah C, Ozturk O, Cavellini L, Belgareh-Touzé N, Cohen MM. The regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis by the ubiquitin proteasome system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148302. [PMID: 32861697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
From mitochondrial quality control pathways to the regulation of specific functions, the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) could be compared to a Swiss knife without which mitochondria could not maintain its integrity in the cell. Here, we review the mechanisms that the UPS employs to regulate mitochondrial function and efficiency. For this purpose, we depict how Ubiquitin and the Proteasome participate in diverse quality control pathways that safeguard entry into the mitochondrial compartment. A focus is then achieved on the UPS-mediated control of the yeast mitofusin Fzo1 which provides insights into the complex regulation of this particular protein in mitochondrial fusion. We ultimately dissect the mechanisms by which the UPS controls the degradation of mitochondria by autophagy in both mammalian and yeast systems. This organization should offer a useful overview of this abundant but fascinating literature on the crosstalks between mitochondria and the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Alsayyah
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Oznur Ozturk
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Cavellini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickael M Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France.
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175
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Mason FE, Pronto JRD, Alhussini K, Maack C, Voigt N. Cellular and mitochondrial mechanisms of atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:72. [PMID: 33258071 PMCID: PMC7704501 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-00827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common form of arrhythmia, are poorly understood and therefore target-specific treatment options remain an unmet clinical need. Excitation–contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes requires high amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is replenished by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator of mitochondrial function by stimulating the Krebs cycle, which produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for ATP production at the electron transport chain and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While it is now well established that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure, this has been less investigated in atrial myocytes in AF. Considering the high prevalence of AF, investigating the role of mitochondria in this disease may guide the path towards new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the importance of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in regulating ATP production and mitochondrial ROS emission and how alterations, particularly in these aspects of mitochondrial activity, may play a role in AF. In addition to describing research advances, we highlight areas in which further studies are required to elucidate the role of mitochondria in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur E Mason
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julius Ryan D Pronto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Khaled Alhussini
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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176
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Lin TK, Lin KJ, Lin KL, Liou CW, Chen SD, Chuang YC, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Wang TJ. When Friendship Turns Sour: Effective Communication Between Mitochondria and Intracellular Organelles in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607392. [PMID: 33330511 PMCID: PMC7733999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with pathological hallmarks including progressive neuronal loss from the substantia nigra pars compacta and α-synuclein intraneuronal inclusions, known as Lewy bodies. Although the etiology of PD remains elusive, mitochondrial damage has been established to take center stage in the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondria are critical to cellular energy production, metabolism, homeostasis, and stress responses; the association with PD emphasizes the importance of maintenance of mitochondrial network integrity. To accomplish the pleiotropic functions, mitochondria are dynamic not only within their own network but also in orchestrated coordination with other organelles in the cellular community. Through physical contact sites, signal transduction, and vesicle transport, mitochondria and intracellular organelles achieve the goals of calcium homeostasis, redox homeostasis, protein homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Herein, we review the finely tuned interactions between mitochondria and surrounding intracellular organelles, with focus on the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and lysosomes. Participants that may contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of PD will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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177
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Leal NS, Dentoni G, Schreiner B, Naia L, Piras A, Graff C, Cattaneo A, Meli G, Hamasaki M, Nilsson P, Ankarcrona M. Amyloid Β-Peptide Increases Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Altering Mitochondrial Function and Autophagosome Formation in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122552. [PMID: 33260715 PMCID: PMC7760163 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that the connectivity and crosstalk between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS) are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in AD-related models. MERCS have been related to the initial steps of autophagosome formation as well as regulation of mitochondrial function. Here, the interplay between MERCS, mitochondria ultrastructure and function and autophagy were evaluated in different AD animal models with increased levels of Aβ as well as in primary neurons derived from these animals. We start by showing that the levels of Mitofusin 1, Mitofusin 2 and mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 are decreased in post-mortem brain tissue derived from familial AD. We also show that Aβ increases the juxtaposition between ER and mitochondria both in adult brain of different AD mouse models as well as in primary cultures derived from these animals. In addition, the connectivity between ER and mitochondria are also increased in wild-type neurons exposed to Aβ. This alteration in MERCS affects autophagosome formation, mitochondrial function and ATP formation during starvation. Interestingly, the increment in ER-mitochondria connectivity occurs simultaneously with an increase in mitochondrial activity and is followed by upregulation of autophagosome formation in a clear chronological sequence of events. In summary, we report that Aβ can affect cell homeostasis by modulating MERCS and, consequently, altering mitochondrial activity and autophagosome formation. Our data suggests that MERCS is a potential target for drug discovery in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Santos Leal
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.L.); (M.A.); Tel.: +44-122-333-4390 (N.S.L.); +46-852-483-577 (M.A.)
| | - Giacomo Dentoni
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Bernadette Schreiner
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Luana Naia
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Antonio Piras
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Antonio Cattaneo
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Meli
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Per Nilsson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.L.); (M.A.); Tel.: +44-122-333-4390 (N.S.L.); +46-852-483-577 (M.A.)
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178
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Vallese F, Catoni C, Cieri D, Barazzuol L, Ramirez O, Calore V, Bonora M, Giamogante F, Pinton P, Brini M, Calì T. An expanded palette of improved SPLICS reporters detects multiple organelle contacts in vitro and in vivo. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6069. [PMID: 33247103 PMCID: PMC7699637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites between virtually any known organelle have been documented and, in the last decades, their study received momentum due to their importance for fundamental activities of the cell and for the subtle comprehension of many human diseases. The lack of tools to finely image inter-organelle proximity hindered our understanding on how these subcellular communication hubs mediate and regulate cell homeostasis. We develop an improved and expanded palette of split-GFP-based contact site sensors (SPLICS) for the detection of single and multiple organelle contact sites within a scalable distance range. We demonstrate their flexibility under physiological conditions and in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Cieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Omar Ramirez
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Calore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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179
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Gouriou Y, Alam MR, Harhous Z, Crola Da Silva C, Baetz DB, Badawi S, Lefai E, Rieusset J, Durand A, Harisseh R, Gharib A, Ovize M, Bidaux G. ANT2-Mediated ATP Import into Mitochondria Protects against Hypoxia Lethal Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122542. [PMID: 33255741 PMCID: PMC7760820 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a prolonged exposure to hypoxia–reoxygenation, a partial disruption of the ER-mitochondria tethering by mitofusin 2 (MFN2) knock-down decreases the Ca2+ transfer between the two organelles limits mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and prevents the Ca2+-dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, i.e., limits cardiomyocyte cell death. The impact of the metabolic changes resulting from the alteration of this Ca2+crosstalk on the tolerance to hypoxia–reoxygenation injury remains partial and fragmented between different field of expertise. >In this study, we report that MFN2 loss of function results in a metabolic switch driven by major modifications in energy production by mitochondria. During hypoxia, mitochondria maintain their ATP concentration and, concomitantly, the inner membrane potential by importing cytosolic ATP into mitochondria through an overexpressed ANT2 protein and by decreasing the expression and activity of the ATP hydrolase via IF1. This adaptation further blunts the detrimental hyperpolarisation of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) upon re-oxygenation. These metabolic changes play an important role to attenuate cell death during a prolonged hypoxia–reoxygenation challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Gouriou
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Alam
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zeina Harhous
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury, School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 4M8F+8X, Lebanon
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Delphine Baetz Baetz
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Sally Badawi
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Etienne Lefai
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Annie Durand
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Rania Harisseh
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Abdallah Gharib
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Michel Ovize
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Oullins, France, IHU OPERA, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Bâtiment B13, 59 boulevard Pinel, F-69500 Bron, France; (M.R.A.); (Z.H.); (C.C.D.S.); (D.B.B.); (S.B.); (E.L.); (J.R.); (A.D.); (R.H.); (A.G.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (G.B.)
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180
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Gao P, Yan Z, Zhu Z. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:604240. [PMID: 33240899 PMCID: PMC7680862 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.604240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are physically connected to form dedicated structural domains known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which participate in fundamental biological processes, including lipid and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and other related cellular behaviors such as autophagy, ER stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Many studies have proved the importance of MAMs in maintaining the normal function of both organelles, and the abnormal amount, structure or function of MAMs is related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review the knowledge regarding the components of MAMs according to their different functions and the specific roles of MAMs in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, focusing on some highly prevalent cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion, diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic vascular diseases. Finally, we summarize the possible mechanisms of MAM in cardiovascular diseases and put forward some obstacles in the understanding of MAM function we may encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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181
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Shirokova OM, Pchelin PV, Mukhina IV. MERCs. The Novel Assistant to Neurotransmission? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:589319. [PMID: 33240039 PMCID: PMC7680918 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.589319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuroscience, much attention is paid to intercellular interactions, in particular, to synapses. However, many researchers do not pay due attention to the contribution of intracellular contacts to the work of intercellular interactions. Nevertheless, along with synapses, intracellular contacts also have complex organization and a tremendous number of regulatory elements. Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs) are a specific site of interaction between the two organelles; they provide a basis for a large number of cellular functions, such as calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis. Despite the presence of these contacts in various parts of neurons and glial cells, it is yet not known whether they fulfill the same functions. There are still many unsolved questions about the work of these intracellular contacts, and one of the most important among them is if MERCs, with their broad implication into synaptic events, can be considered the assistant to neurotransmission?
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya M Shirokova
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Pavel V Pchelin
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina V Mukhina
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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182
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Critical hubs of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering complexes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2599-2609. [PMID: 32960842 PMCID: PMC7722596 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are considered to be the key mechanisms of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that form close physical contact with a specific domain of the ER, known as mitochondrial-associated membranes. The close physical contact between them is mainly restrained by ER-mitochondria tethering complexes, which can play an important role in mitochondrial damage, ER stress, lipid homeostasis, and cell death. Several ER-mitochondria tethering complex components are involved in the process of renal I/R injury. A better understanding of the physical and functional interaction between ER and mitochondria is helpful to further clarify the mechanism of renal I/R injury and provide potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we aim to describe the structure of the tethering complex and elucidate its pivotal role in renal I/R injury by summarizing its role in many important mechanisms, such as mitophagy, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, apoptosis and necrosis, ER stress, mitochondrial substance transport, and lipid metabolism.
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183
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Georgiadou E, Rutter GA. Control by Ca 2+ of mitochondrial structure and function in pancreatic β-cells. Cell Calcium 2020; 91:102282. [PMID: 32961506 PMCID: PMC7116533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in glucose metabolism and the stimulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. In this review, we discuss firstly the regulation and roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in glucose-regulated insulin secretion, and the molecular machinery involved. Next, we discuss the evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cells is associated with type 2 diabetes, from a genetic, functional and structural point of view, and then the possibility that these changes may in part be mediated by dysregulation of cytosolic Ca2+. Finally, we review the importance of preserved mitochondrial structure and dynamics for mitochondrial gene expression and their possible relevance to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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184
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ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites Reporters: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Available Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218157. [PMID: 33142798 PMCID: PMC7663704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle intercommunication represents a wide area of interest. Over the last few decades, increasing evidence has highlighted the importance of organelle contact sites in many biological processes including Ca2+ signaling, lipid biosynthesis, apoptosis, and autophagy but also their involvement in pathological conditions. ER–mitochondria tethering is one of the most investigated inter-organelle communications and it is differently modulated in response to several cellular conditions including, but not limited to, starvation, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial shape modifications. Despite many studies aiming to understand their functions and how they are perturbed under different conditions, approaches to assess organelle proximity are still limited. Indeed, better visualization and characterization of contact sites remain a fascinating challenge. The aim of this review is to summarize strengths and weaknesses of the available methods to detect and quantify contact sites, with a main focus on ER–mitochondria tethering.
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185
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Manganelli V, Matarrese P, Antonioli M, Gambardella L, Vescovo T, Gretzmeier C, Longo A, Capozzi A, Recalchi S, Riitano G, Misasi R, Dengjel J, Malorni W, Fimia GM, Sorice M, Garofalo T. Raft-like lipid microdomains drive autophagy initiation via AMBRA1-ERLIN1 molecular association within MAMs. Autophagy 2020; 17:2528-2548. [PMID: 33034545 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1834207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are essential communication subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that interact with mitochondria. We previously demonstrated that, upon macroautophagy/autophagy induction, AMBRA1 is recruited to the BECN1 complex and relocalizes to MAMs, where it regulates autophagy by interacting with raft-like components. ERLIN1 is an endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft protein of the prohibitin family. However, little is known about its association with the MAM interface and its involvement in autophagic initiation. In this study, we investigated ERLIN1 association with MAM raft-like microdomains and its interaction with AMBRA1 in the regulation of the autophagic process. We show that ERLIN1 interacts with AMBRA1 at MAM raft-like microdomains, which represents an essential condition for autophagosome formation upon nutrient starvation, as demonstrated by knocking down ERLIN1 gene expression. Moreover, this interaction depends on the "integrity" of key molecules, such as ganglioside GD3 and MFN2. Indeed, knocking down ST8SIA1/GD3-synthase or MFN2 expression impairs AMBRA1-ERLIN1 interaction at the MAM level and hinders autophagy. In conclusion, AMBRA1-ERLIN1 interaction within MAM raft-like microdomains appears to be pivotal in promoting the formation of autophagosomes.Abbreviations: ACSL4/ACS4: acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4; ACTB/β-actin: actin beta; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; ATG14: autophagy related 14; BECN1: beclin 1; CANX: calnexin; Cy5: cyanine 5; ECL: enhanced chemiluminescence; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERLIN1/KE04: ER lipid raft associated 1; FB1: fumonisin B1; FE: FRET efficiency; FRET: Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GD3: aNeu5Ac(2-8)aNeu5Ac(2-3)bDGalp(1-4)bDGlcp(1-1)ceramide; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; LMNB1: lamin B1; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAMs: mitochondria-associated membranes; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MFN2: mitofusin 2; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYC/cMyc: proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; P4HB: prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PE: phycoerythrin; SCAP/SREBP: SREBF chaperone; SD: standard deviation; ST8SIA1: ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8 sialyltransferase 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUBB/beta-tubulin: tubulin beta class I; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VDAC1/porin: voltage dependent anion channel 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Oncology Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vescovo
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Gretzmeier
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agostina Longo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Recalchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Suisse, Germany
| | - Walter Malorni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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186
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Bergami M, Motori E. Reweaving the Fabric of Mitochondrial Contact Sites in Astrocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592651. [PMID: 33195262 PMCID: PMC7649784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are classically regarded as very dynamic organelles in cell lines. Their frequent morphological changes and repositioning underlie the transient generation of physical contact sites (so-called mitochondria-ER contacts, or MERCs) which are believed to support metabolic processes central for cellular signaling and function. The extent of regulation over these organelle dynamics has likely further achieved a higher level of complexity in polarized cells like neurons and astrocytes to match their elaborated geometries and specialized functions, thus ensuring the maintenance of MERCs at metabolically demanding locations far from the soma. Yet, live imaging of adult brain tissue has recently revealed that the true extent of mitochondrial dynamics in astrocytes is significantly lower than in cell culture settings. On one hand, this suggests that organelle dynamics in mature astroglia in vivo may be highly regulated and perhaps triggered only by defined physiological stimuli. On the other hand, this extent of control may greatly facilitate the stabilization of those MERCs required to maintain regionalized metabolic domains underlying key astrocytic functions. In this perspective, we review recent evidence suggesting that the resulting spatial distribution of mitochondria and ER in astrocytes in vivo may create the conditions for maintaining extensive MERCs within specialized territories – like perivascular endfeet – and discuss the possibility that their enrichment at these distal locations may facilitate specific forms of cellular plasticity relevant for physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bergami
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elisa Motori
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
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187
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Murata D, Arai K, Iijima M, Sesaki H. Mitochondrial division, fusion and degradation. J Biochem 2020; 167:233-241. [PMID: 31800050 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an essential organelle for a wide range of cellular processes, including energy production, metabolism, signal transduction and cell death. To execute these functions, mitochondria regulate their size, number, morphology and distribution in cells via mitochondrial division and fusion. In addition, mitochondrial division and fusion control the autophagic degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria to maintain a healthy population. Defects in these dynamic membrane processes are linked to many human diseases that include metabolic syndrome, myopathy and neurodegenerative disorders. In the last several years, our fundamental understanding of mitochondrial fusion, division and degradation has been significantly advanced by high resolution structural analyses, protein-lipid biochemistry, super resolution microscopy and in vivo analyses using animal models. Here, we summarize and discuss this exciting recent progress in the mechanism and function of mitochondrial division and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenta Arai
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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188
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Hyperglycemia Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Atrial Cardiomyocytes, and Mitofusin-2 Downregulation Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Subsequent Cell Death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6569728. [PMID: 33149811 PMCID: PMC7603626 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6569728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction play an important role of atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF) in diabetes mellitus. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked to both physiological and pathological states including diabetes. The aim of this project is to explore the roles of ER stress in hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death of atrial cardiomyocytes. High glucose upregulated ER stress, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM)- enriched proteins (such as glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) and mitofusin-2 (Mfn2)) of primary cardiomyocytes in vitro. Sodium phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) prevented the above changes. Silencing of Mfn2 in HL-1 cells decreased the Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria under ER stress conditions, which were induced by the ER stress agonist, tunicamycin (TM). Electron microscopy data suggested that Mfn2 siRNA significantly disrupted ER-mitochondria tethering in ER stress-injured HL-1 cells. Mfn2 silencing attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and protected cells from TM-induced apoptosis. In summary, Mfn2 plays an important role in high glucose-induced ER stress in atrial cardiomyocytes, and Mfn2 silencing prevents mitochondrial Ca2+ overload-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby decreasing ER stress-mediated cardiomyocyte cell death.
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189
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Yang S, Zhou R, Zhang C, He S, Su Z. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571554. [PMID: 33195204 PMCID: PMC7606698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are essential intracellular organelles that actively communicate via temporally and spatially formed contacts called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). These mitochondria-ER contacts are not only necessary for the physiological function of the organelles and their coordination with each other, but they also control the intracellular lipid exchange, calcium signaling, cell survival, and homeostasis in cellular metabolism. Growing evidence strongly supports the role of the mitochondria-ER connection in the insulin resistance of peripheral tissues, pancreatic β cell dysfunction, and the consequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we summarize current advances in the understanding of the mitochondria-ER connection and specifically focus on addressing a new perspective of the alterations in mitochondria-ER communication in insulin signaling and β cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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190
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Loncke J, Kerkhofs M, Kaasik A, Bezprozvanny I, Bultynck G. Recent advances in understanding IP3R function with focus on ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfers. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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191
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Sharma N, Arora S, Saurav S, Motiani RK. Pathophysiological significance of calcium signaling at Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs). CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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192
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Atakpa-Adaji P, Thillaiappan NB, Taylor CW. IP3 receptors and their intimate liaisons. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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193
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Li C, Li L, Yang M, Zeng L, Sun L. PACS-2: A key regulator of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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194
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Vecellio Reane D, Rizzuto R, Raffaello A. The ER-mitochondria tether at the hub of Ca2+ signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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195
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Pizzo P, Basso E, Filadi R, Greotti E, Leparulo A, Pendin D, Redolfi N, Rossini M, Vajente N, Pozzan T, Fasolato C. Presenilin-2 and Calcium Handling: Molecules, Organelles, Cells and Brain Networks. Cells 2020; 9:E2166. [PMID: 32992716 PMCID: PMC7601421 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-2 (PS2) is one of the three proteins that are dominantly mutated in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). It forms the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex-a function shared with its homolog presenilin-1 (PS1)-the enzyme ultimately responsible of amyloid-β (Aβ) formation. Besides its enzymatic activity, PS2 is a multifunctional protein, being specifically involved, independently of γ-secretase activity, in the modulation of several cellular processes, such as Ca2+ signalling, mitochondrial function, inter-organelle communication, and autophagy. As for the former, evidence has accumulated that supports the involvement of PS2 at different levels, ranging from organelle Ca2+ handling to Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane channels. Thus FAD-linked PS2 mutations impact on multiple aspects of cell and tissue physiology, including bioenergetics and brain network excitability. In this contribution, we summarize the main findings on PS2, primarily as a modulator of Ca2+ homeostasis, with particular emphasis on the role of its mutations in the pathogenesis of FAD. Identification of cell pathways and molecules that are specifically targeted by PS2 mutants, as well as of common targets shared with PS1 mutants, will be fundamental to disentangle the complexity of memory loss and brain degeneration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leparulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Nicola Vajente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy; (E.B.); (R.F.); (E.G.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (N.R.); (M.R.); (N.V.); (T.P.)
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196
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Joaquim M, Escobar-Henriques M. Role of Mitofusins and Mitophagy in Life or Death Decisions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572182. [PMID: 33072754 PMCID: PMC7539839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria entail an incredible dynamism in their morphology, impacting death signaling and selective elimination of the damaged organelles. In turn, by recycling the superfluous or malfunctioning mitochondria, mostly prevalent during aging, mitophagy contributes to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network. Mitofusins locate at the outer mitochondrial membrane and control the plastic behavior of mitochondria, by mediating fusion events. Besides deciding on mitochondrial interconnectivity, mitofusin 2 regulates physical contacts between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, but also serves as a decisive docking platform for mitophagy and apoptosis effectors. Thus, mitofusins integrate multiple bidirectional inputs from and into mitochondria and ensure proper energetic and metabolic cellular performance. Here, we review the role of mitofusins and mitophagy at the cross-road between life and apoptotic death decisions. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of this interplay on disease, focusing on how mitofusin 2 and mitophagy affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Joaquim
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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197
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Qin J, Guo Y, Xue B, Shi P, Chen Y, Su QP, Hao H, Zhao S, Wu C, Yu L, Li D, Sun Y. ER-mitochondria contacts promote mtDNA nucleoids active transportation via mitochondrial dynamic tubulation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4471. [PMID: 32901010 PMCID: PMC7478960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A human cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) packaged into nucleoids. Currently, the segregation and allocation of nucleoids are thought to be passively determined by mitochondrial fusion and division. Here we provide evidence, using live-cell super-resolution imaging, that nucleoids can be actively transported via KIF5B-driven mitochondrial dynamic tubulation (MDT) activities that predominantly occur at the ER-mitochondria contact sites (EMCS). We further demonstrate that a mitochondrial inner membrane protein complex MICOS links nucleoids to Miro1, a KIF5B receptor on mitochondria, at the EMCS. We show that such active transportation is a mechanism essential for the proper distribution of nucleoids in the peripheral zone of the cell. Together, our work identifies an active transportation mechanism of nucleoids, with EMCS serving as a key platform for the interplay of nucleoids, MICOS, Miro1, and KIF5B to coordinate nucleoids segregation and transportation. Mitochondrial DNA is found in nucleoids, which are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network and are thought to be passively distributed. Here, the authors show that mitochondrial dynamic tubulation at ER-mitochondria contact sites actively transports nucleoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Peter Su
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Huiwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Congying Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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198
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Brown JA, Sammy MJ, Ballinger SW. An evolutionary, or "Mitocentric" perspective on cellular function and disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101568. [PMID: 32512469 PMCID: PMC7281786 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of common, metabolic diseases (e.g. obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes) with complex genetic etiology has been steadily increasing nationally and globally. While identification of a genetic model that explains susceptibility and risk for these diseases has been pursued over several decades, no clear paradigm has yet been found to disentangle the genetic basis of polygenic/complex disease development. Since the evolution of the eukaryotic cell involved a symbiotic interaction between the antecedents of the mitochondrion and nucleus (which itself is a genetic hybrid), we suggest that this history provides a rational basis for investigating whether genetic interaction and co-evolution of these genomes still exists. We propose that both mitochondrial and Mendelian, or "mito-Mendelian" genetics play a significant role in cell function, and thus disease risk. This paradigm contemplates the natural variation and co-evolution of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA backgrounds on multiple mitochondrial functions that are discussed herein, including energy production, cell signaling and immune response, which collectively can influence disease development. At the nexus of these processes is the economy of mitochondrial metabolism, programmed by both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamelle A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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199
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Chapman J, Ng YS, Nicholls TJ. The Maintenance of Mitochondrial DNA Integrity and Dynamics by Mitochondrial Membranes. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090164. [PMID: 32858900 PMCID: PMC7555930 DOI: 10.3390/life10090164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles that harbour their own genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in the form of a circular double-stranded DNA molecule that must be replicated, segregated and distributed around the mitochondrial network. Human cells typically possess between a few hundred and several thousand copies of the mitochondrial genome, located within the mitochondrial matrix in close association with the cristae ultrastructure. The organisation of mtDNA around the mitochondrial network requires mitochondria to be dynamic and undergo both fission and fusion events in coordination with the modulation of cristae architecture. The dysregulation of these processes has profound effects upon mtDNA replication, manifesting as a loss of mtDNA integrity and copy number, and upon the subsequent distribution of mtDNA around the mitochondrial network. Mutations within genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics or cristae modulation cause a wide range of neurological disorders frequently associated with defects in mtDNA maintenance. This review aims to provide an understanding of the biological mechanisms that link mitochondrial dynamics and mtDNA integrity, as well as examine the interplay that occurs between mtDNA, mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chapman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.J.N.)
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas J. Nicholls
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.J.N.)
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200
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Chen Y, Zheng Y, Wen S, Liu F. Regulation of MFN2 by berberine alleviates obesity exacerbated colitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:250-255. [PMID: 32800336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health issue, which can cause metabolic abnormalities systemically leading to increased morbidity of series diseases. At present, researches have presented obesity is a high-risk factor for colitis, and berberine shows positive therapeutic effect on colitis. Thus, we explored the beneficial effects and potential mechanisms of berberine on obesity-exacerbated colitis in this article. High-fat diet (HFD) exacerbated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice model was applied, the results showed that HFD promoted DSS-induced weight loss and inflammatory manifestations in intestine. The results of cytokines in serum and mRNA expression of inflammatory indicators in colon showed that HFD increased all their levels evidently, and the outcomes of Western blot analyses presented that HFD downregulated the MFN2 expression, inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK as well as upregulated the BIP/Grp78 expression, while berberine could significantly reverse all these situations. In vitro, we stimulated Caco-2 cells with palmitic acid (PA) to replicate the lipotoxicity damage in the intestine, and the results presented that intervention therapy of berberine effectively enhanced the MFN2 expression, inhibited the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, and reversed the PA induced protein level changes of AMPK and BIP/Grp78. In general, we proposed that berberine could regulate MFN2 to alleviate obesity exacerbated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, China
| | - Yiyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, China
| | - Shuting Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, China.
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