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Landefeld CC, Hodgkinson CA, Spagnolo PA, Marietta CA, Shen PH, Sun H, Zhou Z, Lipska BK, Goldman D. Effects on gene expression and behavior of untagged short tandem repeats: the case of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) and externalizing behaviors. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:72. [PMID: 29581423 PMCID: PMC5913313 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex, heritable, behavioral phenotypes have yielded an incomplete accounting of the genetic influences. The identified loci explain only a portion of the observed heritability, and few of the loci have been shown to be functional. It is clear that current GWAS techniques overlook key components of phenotypically relevant genetic variation, either because of sample size, as is frequently asserted, or because of methodology. Here we use arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) as an in-depth model of a methodologic limitation of GWAS: the functional genetic variation (in the form of short tandem repeats) of this key gene involved in affiliative behavior cannot be captured by current GWAS methodologies. Importantly, we find evidence of differential allele expression, twofold or more, in at least a third of human brain samples heterozygous for a reporter SNP in the AVPR1a transcript. We also show that this functional effect and a downstream phenotype, externalizing behavior, are predicted by AVPR1a STRs but not SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare C Landefeld
- 0000 0004 0435 0569grid.254293.bCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA ,0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Colin A Hodgkinson
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Primavera A Spagnolo
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dOffice of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA
| | - Cheryl A Marietta
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Hui Sun
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Barbara K Lipska
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dHuman Brain Collection Core, National Institutes of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA. .,Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA.
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152
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Gelernter J, Zhou H, Nuñez YZ, Mutirangura A, Malison RT, Kalayasiri R. Genomewide Association Study of Alcohol Dependence and Related Traits in a Thai Population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:861-868. [PMID: 29460428 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use (both quantity and dependence) is moderately heritable, and genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk genes in European, African, and Asian populations. The most reproducibly identified risk genes affect alcohol metabolism. Well-known functional variants at the gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase B and other alcohol dehydrogenases affect risk in European and African ancestry populations. Similarly, variants mapped to these same genes and a well-known null variant that maps to the gene that encodes aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) also affect risk in various Asian populations. In this study, we completed the first GWAS for 3 traits related to alcohol use in a Thai population recruited initially for studies of methamphetamine dependence. METHODS All subjects were evaluated with the Thai version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA). A total of 1,045 subjects were available for analysis. Three traits were analyzed: flushing, maximum number of alcoholic beverages consumed in any lifetime 24-hour period ("MAXDRINKS"), and DSM-IV alcohol dependence criterion count. We also conducted a pleiotropy analysis with major depression, the only other psychiatric trait where summary statistics from a large-scale Asian-population GWAS are available. RESULTS All 3 traits showed genomewide significant association with variants near ALDH2, with significance ranging from 2.01 × 10-14 (for flushing; lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) PTPN11* rs143894582) to pmeta = 5.80 × 10-10 (for alcohol dependence criterion count; lead SNP rs149212747). These lead SNPs flank rs671 and span a region of over a megabase, illustrating the need for prior biological information in identifying the actual effect SNP, rs671. We also identified significant pleiotropy between major depression and flushing. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with prior findings in Asian populations and add new information regarding alcohol use-depression pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry , VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry , VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yaira Z Nuñez
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry , VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy , Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert T Malison
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit , Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rasmon Kalayasiri
- Department of Psychiatry , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry , Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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153
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the advent of the genome-wide association study (GWAS), our understanding of the genetics of addiction has made significant strides forward. Here, we summarize genetic loci containing variants identified at genome-wide statistical significance (P < 5 × 10-8) and independently replicated, review evidence of functional or regulatory effects for GWAS-identified variants, and outline multi-omics approaches to enhance discovery and characterize addiction loci. RECENT FINDINGS Replicable GWAS findings span 11 genetic loci for smoking, eight loci for alcohol, and two loci for illicit drugs combined and include missense functional variants and noncoding variants with regulatory effects in human brain tissues traditionally viewed as addiction-relevant (e.g., prefrontal cortex [PFC]) and, more recently, tissues often overlooked (e.g., cerebellum). GWAS analyses have discovered several novel, replicable variants contributing to addiction. Using larger sample sizes from harmonized datasets and new approaches to integrate GWAS with multiple 'omics data across human brain tissues holds great promise to significantly advance our understanding of the biology underlying addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Hancock
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, P. O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Christina A Markunas
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, P. O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- Fellow Program and Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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154
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Savage JE, Salvatore JE, Aliev F, Edwards AC, Hickman M, Kendler KS, Macleod J, Latvala A, Loukola A, Kaprio J, Rose RJ, Chan G, Hesselbrock V, Webb BT, Adkins A, Bigdeli TB, Riley BP, Dick DM. Polygenic Risk Score Prediction of Alcohol Dependence Symptoms Across Population-Based and Clinically Ascertained Samples. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:520-530. [PMID: 29405378 PMCID: PMC5832589 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite consistent evidence of the heritability of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), few specific genes with an etiological role have been identified. It is likely that AUDs are highly polygenic; however, the etiological pathways and genetic variants involved may differ between populations. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate whether aggregate genetic risk for AUDs differed between clinically ascertained and population-based epidemiological samples. METHODS Four independent samples were obtained: 2 from unselected birth cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC], N = 4,304; FinnTwin12 [FT12], N = 1,135) and 2 from families densely affected with AUDs, identified from treatment-seeking patients (Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, N = 2,097; Irish Affected Sib Pair Study of Alcohol Dependence, N = 706). AUD symptoms were assessed with clinical interviews, and participants of European ancestry were genotyped. Genomewide association was conducted separately in each sample, and the resulting association weights were used to create polygenic risk scores in each of the other samples (12 total discovery-validation pairs), and from meta-analyses within sample type. We then tested how well these aggregate genetic scores predicted AUD outcomes within and across sample types. RESULTS Polygenic scores derived from 1 population-based sample (ALSPAC) significantly predicted AUD symptoms in another population-based sample (FT12), but not in either clinically ascertained sample. Trend-level associations (uncorrected p < 0.05) were found for polygenic score predictions within sample types but no or negative predictions across sample types. Polygenic scores accounted for 0 to 1% of the variance in AUD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Though preliminary, these results provide suggestive evidence of differences in the genetic etiology of AUDs based on sample characteristics such as treatment-seeking status, which may index other important clinical or demographic factors that moderate genetic influences. Although the variance accounted for by genomewide polygenic scores remains low, future studies could improve gene identification efforts by amassing very large samples, or reducing genetic heterogeneity by informing analyses with other phenotypic information such as sample characteristics. Multiple complementary approaches may be needed to make progress in gene identification for this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Turkey
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - John Macleod
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center
| | | | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Amy Adkins
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute (COBE), Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Brien P. Riley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute (COBE), Virginia Commonwealth University
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155
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Strawbridge RJ, Ward J, Cullen B, Tunbridge EM, Hartz S, Bierut L, Horton A, Bailey MES, Graham N, Ferguson A, Lyall DM, Mackay D, Pidgeon LM, Cavanagh J, Pell JP, O'Donovan M, Escott-Price V, Harrison PJ, Smith DJ. Genome-wide analysis of self-reported risk-taking behaviour and cross-disorder genetic correlations in the UK Biobank cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:39. [PMID: 29391395 PMCID: PMC5804026 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk-taking behaviour is a key component of several psychiatric disorders and could influence lifestyle choices such as smoking, alcohol use, and diet. As a phenotype, risk-taking behaviour therefore fits within a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach, whereby identifying genetic determinants of this trait has the potential to improve our understanding across different psychiatric disorders. Here we report a genome-wide association study in 116,255 UK Biobank participants who responded yes/no to the question "Would you consider yourself a risk taker?" Risk takers (compared with controls) were more likely to be men, smokers, and have a history of psychiatric disorder. Genetic loci associated with risk-taking behaviour were identified on chromosomes 3 (rs13084531) and 6 (rs9379971). The effects of both lead SNPs were comparable between men and women. The chromosome 3 locus highlights CADM2, previously implicated in cognitive and executive functions, but the chromosome 6 locus is challenging to interpret due to the complexity of the HLA region. Risk-taking behaviour shared significant genetic risk with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as with smoking and total obesity. Despite being based on only a single question, this study furthers our understanding of the biology of risk-taking behaviour, a trait that has a major impact on a range of common physical and mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Breda Cullen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy Horton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Transmontane Analytics, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Mark E S Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas Graham
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Ferguson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel Mackay
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura M Pidgeon
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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156
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Salvatore JE, Savage JE, Barr P, Wolen AR, Aliev F, Vuoksimaa E, Latvala A, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Dick DM. Incorporating Functional Genomic Information to Enhance Polygenic Signal and Identify Variants Involved in Gene-by-Environment Interaction for Young Adult Alcohol Problems. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:413-423. [PMID: 29121402 PMCID: PMC5785466 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing aggregate genetic risk for alcohol misuse and identifying variants involved in gene-by-environment (G × E) interaction effects has so far been a major challenge. We hypothesized that functional genomic information could be used to enhance detection of polygenic signal underlying alcohol misuse and to prioritize identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) most likely to exhibit G × E effects. METHODS We examined these questions in the young adult FinnTwin12 sample (n = 1,170). We used genomewide association estimates from an independent sample to derive 2 types of polygenic scores for alcohol problems in FinnTwin12. Genomewide polygenic scores included all SNPs surpassing a designated p-value threshold. DNase polygenic scores were a subset of the genomewide polygenic scores including only variants in DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs), which are open chromatin marks likely to index regions with a regulatory function. We conducted parallel analyses using height as a nonpsychiatric model phenotype to evaluate the consistency of effects. For the G × E analyses, we examined whether SNPs in DHSs were overrepresented among SNPs demonstrating significant G × E effects in an interaction between romantic relationship status and intoxication frequency. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, we found that DNase polygenic scores were not more strongly predictive of alcohol problems than conventional polygenic scores. However, variants in DNase polygenic scores had per-SNP effects that were up to 1.4 times larger than variants in conventional polygenic scores. This same pattern of effects was also observed in supplementary analyses with height. In G × E models, SNPs in DHSs were modestly overrepresented among SNPs with significant interaction effects for intoxication frequency. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential utility of integrating functional genomic annotation information to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in polygenic scores and identify genetic variants that may be most susceptible to environmental modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, United States
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, United States
| | - Aaron R. Wolen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980261, Richmond, VA 23298-0261, United States
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, United States
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, 78050 Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, United States
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157
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Mies GW, Verweij KJH, Treur JL, Ligthart L, Fedko IO, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, Vink JM. Polygenic risk for alcohol consumption and its association with alcohol-related phenotypes: Do stress and life satisfaction moderate these relationships? Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 183:7-12. [PMID: 29220643 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and environmental factors contribute about equally to alcohol-related phenotypes in adulthood. In the present study, we examined whether more stress at home or low satisfaction with life might be associated with heavier drinking or more alcohol-related problems in individuals with a high genetic susceptibility to alcohol use. METHODS Information on polygenic scores and drinking behavior was available in 6705 adults (65% female; 18-83 years) registered with the Netherlands Twin Register. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were constructed for all subjects based on the summary statistics of a large genome-wide association meta-analysis on alcohol consumption (grams per day). Outcome measures were quantity of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Stress at home and life satisfaction were moderating variables whose significance was tested by Generalized Estimating Equation analyses taking familial relatedness, age and sex into account. RESULTS PRSs for alcohol were significantly associated with quantity of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems in the past year (R2=0.11% and 0.10% respectively). Participants who reported to have experienced more stress in the past year and lower life satisfaction, scored higher on alcohol-related problems (R2=0.27% and 0.29 respectively), but not on alcohol consumption. Stress and life satisfaction did not moderate the association between PRSs and the alcohol outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS There were significant main effects of polygenic scores and of stress and life satisfaction on drinking behavior, but there was no support for PRS-by-stress or PRS-by-life satisfaction interactions on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabry W Mies
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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158
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Pinzón JH, Reed AR, Shalaby NA, Buszczak M, Rodan AR, Rothenfluh A. Alcohol-Induced Behaviors Require a Subset of Drosophila JmjC-Domain Histone Demethylases in the Nervous System. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:2015-2024. [PMID: 28940624 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-lasting transcriptional changes underlie a number of adaptations that contribute to alcohol use disorders (AUD). Chromatin remodeling, including histone methylation, can confer distinct, long-lasting transcriptional changes, and histone methylases are known to play a role in the development of addiction. Conversely, little is known about the relevance of Jumonji (JmjC) domain-containing demethylases in AUDs. We systematically surveyed the alcohol-induced phenotypes of null mutations in all 13 Drosophila JmjC genes. METHODS We used a collection of JmjC mutants, the majority of which we generated by homologous recombination, and assayed them in the Booze-o-mat to determine their naïve sensitivity to sedation and their tolerance (change in sensitivity upon repeat exposure). Mutants with reproducible phenotypes had their phenotypes rescued with tagged genomic transgenes, and/or phenocopied by nervous system-specific knockdown using RNA interference (RNAi). RESULTS Four of the 13 JmjC genes (KDM3, lid, NO66, and HSPBAP1) showed reproducible ethanol (EtOH) sensitivity phenotypes. Some of the phenotypes were observed across doses, for example, the enhanced EtOH sensitivity of KDM3KO and NO66KO , but others were dose dependent, such as the reduced EtOH sensitivity of HSPBAP1KO , or the enhanced EtOH tolerance of NO66KO . These phenotypes were rescued by their respective genomic transgenes in KDM3KO and NO66KO mutants. While we were unable to rescue lidk mutants, knockdown of lid in the nervous system recapitulated the lidk phenotype, as was observed for KDM3KO and NO66KO RNAi-mediated knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that the Drosophila JmjC-domain histone demethylases Lid, KDM3, NO66, and HSPBAP1 are required for normal EtOH-induced sedation and tolerance. Three of 3 tested of those 4 JmjC genes are required in the nervous system for normal alcohol-induced behavioral responses, suggesting that this gene family is an intriguing avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Pinzón
- Department of Psychiatry, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas.,Molecular Biology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Addison R Reed
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nevine A Shalaby
- Molecular Biology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael Buszczak
- Molecular Biology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Departments of Internal Medicine/Division of Nephrology, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Department of Psychiatry, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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159
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Staiger H, Keuper M, Berti L, Hrabe de Angelis M, Häring HU. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Metabolic Role in Mice and Men. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:468-488. [PMID: 28938407 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its identification in 2000, the interest of scientists in the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has tremendously grown, and still remains high, due to a wealth of very robust data documenting this factor's favorable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. For more than ten years now, intense in vivo and ex vivo experimentation addressed the physiological functions of FGF21 in humans as well as its pathophysiological role and pharmacological effects in human metabolic disease. This work produced a comprehensive collection of data revealing overlaps in FGF21 expression and function but also significant differences between mice and humans that have to be considered before translation from bench to bedside can be successful. This review summarizes what is known about FGF21 in mice and humans with a special focus on this factor's role in glucose and lipid metabolism and in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We highlight the discrepancies between mice and humans and try to decipher their underlying reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Staiger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Keuper
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Berti
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair for Experimental Genetics, Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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160
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Genome-wide association study of alcohol consumption and genetic overlap with other health-related traits in UK Biobank (N=112 117). Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1376-1384. [PMID: 28937693 PMCID: PMC5622124 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has been linked to over 200 diseases and is responsible for over 5% of the global disease burden. Well-known genetic variants in alcohol metabolizing genes, for example, ALDH2 and ADH1B, are strongly associated with alcohol consumption but have limited impact in European populations where they are found at low frequency. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of self-reported alcohol consumption in 112 117 individuals in the UK Biobank (UKB) sample of white British individuals. We report significant genome-wide associations at 14 loci. These include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in alcohol metabolizing genes (ADH1B/ADH1C/ADH5) and two loci in KLB, a gene recently associated with alcohol consumption. We also identify SNPs at novel loci including GCKR, CADM2 and FAM69C. Gene-based analyses found significant associations with genes implicated in the neurobiology of substance use (DRD2, PDE4B). GCTA analyses found a significant SNP-based heritability of self-reported alcohol consumption of 13% (se=0.01). Sex-specific analyses found largely overlapping GWAS loci and the genetic correlation (rG) between male and female alcohol consumption was 0.90 (s.e.=0.09, P-value=7.16 × 10-23). Using LD score regression, genetic overlap was found between alcohol consumption and years of schooling (rG=0.18, s.e.=0.03), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (rG=0.28, s.e.=0.05), smoking (rG=0.40, s.e.=0.06) and various anthropometric traits (for example, overweight, rG=-0.19, s.e.=0.05). This study replicates the association between alcohol consumption and alcohol metabolizing genes and KLB, and identifies novel gene associations that should be the focus of future studies investigating the neurobiology of alcohol consumption.
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161
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Jorgenson E, Thai KK, Hoffmann TJ, Sakoda LC, Kvale MN, Banda Y, Schaefer C, Risch N, Mertens J, Weisner C, Choquet H. Genetic contributors to variation in alcohol consumption vary by race/ethnicity in a large multi-ethnic genome-wide association study. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1359-1367. [PMID: 28485404 PMCID: PMC5568932 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a complex trait determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and is correlated with the risk of alcohol use disorders. Although a small number of genetic loci have been reported to be associated with variation in alcohol consumption, genetic factors are estimated to explain about half of the variance in alcohol consumption, suggesting that additional loci remain to be discovered. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of alcohol consumption in the large Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort, in four race/ethnicity groups: non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic/Latinos, East Asians and African Americans. We examined two statistically independent phenotypes reflecting subjects' alcohol consumption during the past year, based on self-reported information: any alcohol intake (drinker/non-drinker status) and the regular quantity of drinks consumed per week (drinks/week) among drinkers. We assessed these two alcohol consumption phenotypes in each race/ethnicity group, and in a combined trans-ethnic meta-analysis comprising a total of 86 627 individuals. We observed the strongest association between the previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 in ALDH2 and alcohol drinker status (odd ratio (OR)=0.40, P=2.28 × 10-72) in East Asians, and also an effect on drinks/week (beta=-0.17, P=5.42 × 10-4) in the same group. We also observed a genome-wide significant association in non-Hispanic whites between the previously reported SNP rs1229984 in ADH1B and both alcohol consumption phenotypes (OR=0.79, P=2.47 × 10-20 for drinker status and beta=-0.19, P=1.91 × 10-35 for drinks/week), which replicated in Hispanic/Latinos (OR=0.72, P=4.35 × 10-7 and beta=-0.21, P=2.58 × 10-6, respectively). Although prior studies reported effects of ADH1B and ALDH2 on lifetime measures, such as risk of alcohol dependence, our study adds further evidence of the effect of the same genes on a cross-sectional measure of average drinking. Our trans-ethnic meta-analysis confirmed recent findings implicating the KLB and GCKR loci in alcohol consumption, with strongest associations observed for rs7686419 (beta=-0.04, P=3.41 × 10-10 for drinks/week and OR=0.96, P=4.08 × 10-5 for drinker status), and rs4665985 (beta=0.04, P=2.26 × 10-8 for drinks/week and OR=1.04, P=5 × 10-4 for drinker status), respectively. Finally, we also obtained confirmatory results extending previous findings implicating AUTS2, SGOL1 and SERPINC1 genes in alcohol consumption traits in non-Hispanic whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jorgenson
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Khanh K. Thai
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lori C. Sakoda
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Mark N. Kvale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yambazi Banda
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Neil Risch
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Constance Weisner
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
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162
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is robustly induced by ethanol and has a protective role in ethanol associated liver injury. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1395-1406. [PMID: 29107287 PMCID: PMC5681240 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Excess ethanol consumption has serious pathologic consequences. In humans, repeated episodes of binge drinking can lead to liver damage and have adverse effects on other organs such as pancreas and brain. Long term chronic consumption of ethanol can also result in progressive alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic regulator with multiple physiologic functions. FGF21 is a novel biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans and limits hepatotoxicity in mice. Therefore, we explored the possibility that FGF21 plays a role in response to ethanol consumption in both humans and mice. Methods We used a binge drinking paradigm in humans to examine the effect of acute ethanol consumption on circulating FGF21. We adapted this paradigm to evaluate the acute response to ethanol in mice. We then examined the role of FGF21 on liver pathology in two models of chronic ethanol consumption in both wild type (WT) mice and mice lacking FGF21 (FGF21-KO). Results Acute ethanol consumption resulted in a robust induction of serum FGF21 after 6 h in both humans and mice. Serum ethanol peaked at 1 h in both species and was cleared by 6 h. Ethanol clearance was the same in WT and FGF21-KO mice, indicating that FGF21 does not play a major role in ethanol metabolism in a binge paradigm. When FGF21-KO mice were fed the Lieber–DeCarli diet, a high fat diet supplemented with ethanol, a higher mortality was observed compared to WT mice after 16 days on the diet. When FGF21-KO mice consumed 30% ethanol in drinking water, along with a normal chow diet, there was no mortality observed even after 16 weeks, but the FGF21-KO mice had significant liver pathology compared to WT mice. Conclusions Acute or binge ethanol consumption significantly increases circulating FGF21 levels in both humans and mice. However, FGF21 does not play a role in acute ethanol clearance. In contrast, chronic ethanol consumption in the absence of FGF21 is associated with significant liver pathology alone or in combination with excess mortality, depending on the type of diet consumed with ethanol. This suggests that FGF21 protects against long term ethanol induced hepatic damage and may attenuate progression of alcoholic liver disease. Further study is required to assess the therapeutic potential of FGF21 in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Binge ethanol consumption robustly increases circulating FGF21 levels in both humans and mice. FGF21 does not play a role in ethanol clearance which is the same in WT and FGF21-KO mice. In mice lacking FGF21, in two models of ethanol consumption there was either excess mortality or excess hepatic damage and inflammation. These data suggest the FGF21 may have potential therapeutic value for alcoholic liver disease.
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163
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Abdul-Wahed A, Guilmeau S, Postic C. Sweet Sixteenth for ChREBP: Established Roles and Future Goals. Cell Metab 2017; 26:324-341. [PMID: 28768172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the identification of ChREBP in 2001, our interest in understanding the molecular control of carbohydrate sensing has surged. While ChREBP was initially studied as a master regulator of lipogenesis in liver and fat tissue, it is now clear that ChREBP functions as a central metabolic coordinator in a variety of cell types in response to environmental and hormonal signals, with wide implications in health and disease. Celebrating its sweet sixteenth birthday, we review here the current knowledge about the function and regulation of ChREBP throughout usual and less explored tissues, to recapitulate ChREBP's role as a whole-body glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abdul-Wahed
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
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164
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Li Y, Ding WX. Adipose tissue autophagy and homeostasis in alcohol-induced liver injury. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:54-62. [PMID: 29109891 PMCID: PMC5669268 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption leads to injury in multiple organs and systems, including the liver, brain, heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, bone, immune system, and endocrine system. Emerging evidence indicates that alcohol also promotes adipose tissue dysfunction, which may contribute to injury progression in other organs and systems. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that has been shown to regulate adipose tissue homeostasis and adipogenesis. Increasing evidence also demonstrates that alcohol consumption affects autophagy in multiple tissues. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the effect of autophagy on adipose tissue and its potential roles in alcohol-induced adipose tissue atrophy as well as its contribution to alcohol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Correspondence author. Wen-Xing Ding, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics; The University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City, KS USA.
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165
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Sonoda J, Chen MZ, Baruch A. FGF21-receptor agonists: an emerging therapeutic class for obesity-related diseases. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 30:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0002/hmbci-2017-0002.xml. [PMID: 28525362 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogs and FGF21 receptor agonists (FGF21RAs) that mimic FGF21 ligand activity constitute the new "FGF21-class" of anti-obesity and anti-diabetic molecules that improve insulin sensitivity, ameliorate hepatosteatosis and promote weight loss. The metabolic actions of FGF21-class proteins in obese mice are attributed to stimulation of brown fat thermogenesis and increased secretion of adiponectin. The therapeutic utility of this class of molecules is being actively investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This review is focused on various FGF21-class molecules, their molecular designs and the preclinical and clinical activities. These molecules include modified FGF21 as well as agonistic antibodies against the receptor for FGF21, namely the complex of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and the obligatory coreceptor βKlotho (KLB). In addition, a novel approach to increase endogenous FGF21 activity by inhibiting the FGF21-degrading protease fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is discussed.
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166
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Søberg S, Sandholt CH, Jespersen NZ, Toft U, Madsen AL, von Holstein-Rathlou S, Grevengoed TJ, Christensen KB, Bredie WLP, Potthoff MJ, Solomon TPJ, Scheele C, Linneberg A, Jørgensen T, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Gillum MP, Grarup N. FGF21 Is a Sugar-Induced Hormone Associated with Sweet Intake and Preference in Humans. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1045-1053.e6. [PMID: 28467924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The liking and selective ingestion of palatable foods-including sweets-is biologically controlled, and dysfunction of this regulation may promote unhealthy eating, obesity, and disease. The hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) reduces sweet consumption in rodents and primates, whereas knockout of Fgf21 increases sugar consumption in mice. To investigate the relevance of these findings in humans, we genotyped variants in the FGF21 locus in participants from the Danish Inter99 cohort (n = 6,514) and examined their relationship with a detailed range of food and ingestive behaviors. This revealed statistically significant associations between FGF21 rs838133 and increased consumption of candy, as well as nominal associations with increased alcohol intake and daily smoking. Moreover, in a separate clinical study, plasma FGF21 levels increased acutely after oral sucrose ingestion and were elevated in fasted sweet-disliking individuals. These data suggest the liver may secrete hormones that influence eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Søberg
- Section for Metabolic Imaging and Liver Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla H Sandholt
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Toft
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anja L Madsen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stephanie von Holstein-Rathlou
- Section for Metabolic Imaging and Liver Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trisha J Grevengoed
- Section for Metabolic Imaging and Liver Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl B Christensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wender L P Bredie
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Pharmacology and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Section for Metabolic Imaging and Liver Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Niels Grarup
- Section of Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Richmond-Rakerd L, Belsky DW. Swedish Register Analysis of Divorce and Alcohol Use Disorder Highlights Social Relationships as a Target for Preventive Psychiatry and Genetic Research. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174:411-413. [PMID: 28457162 PMCID: PMC5506830 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Richmond-Rakerd
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
- Veterans Administration Health System, Durham NC
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University
- Duke University Population Research Institute
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168
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Pharmacology and the Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 169 Newton Road, 3322 PBDB, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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