151
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Shariati L, Esmaeili Y, Javanmard SH, Bidram E, Amini A. Organoid Technology: Current Standing and Future Perspectives. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1625-1649. [PMID: 33786925 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are powerful systems to facilitate the study of individuals' disorders and personalized treatments. Likewise, emerging this technology has improved the chance of translatability of drugs for pre-clinical therapies and mimicking the complexity of organs, while it proposes numerous approaches for human disease modeling, tissue engineering, drug development, diagnosis, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we outline the past/present organoid technology and summarize its faithful applications, then, we discuss the challenges and limitations encountered by 3D organoids. In the end, we offer the human organoids as basic mechanistic infrastructure for "human modelling" systems to prescribe personalized medicines. © AlphaMed Press 2021 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This concise review concerns about organoids, available methods for in vitro organoid formation and different types of human organoid models. We, then, summarize biological approaches to improve 3D organoids complexity and therapeutic potentials of organoids. Despite the existing incomprehensive review articles in literature that examine partial aspects of the organoid technology, the present review article comprehensively and critically presents this technology from different aspects. It effectively provides a systematic overview on the past and current applications of organoids and discusses the future perspectives and suggestions to improve this technology and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Shariati
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Bidram
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Amini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian College of Kuwait, Mishref, Safat, Kuwait.,Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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152
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Kim JS, Choi J, Ki CS, Lee KH. 3D Silk Fiber Construct Embedded Dual-Layer PEG Hydrogel for Articular Cartilage Repair - In vitro Assessment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:653509. [PMID: 33842448 PMCID: PMC8024629 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.653509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Since articular cartilage does not regenerate itself, researches are underway to heal damaged articular cartilage by applying biomaterials such as a hydrogel. In this study, we have constructed a dual-layer composite hydrogel mimicking the layered structure of articular cartilage. The top layer consists of a high-density PEG hydrogel prepared with 8-arm PEG and PEG diacrylate using thiol-norbornene photo-click chemistry. The compressive modulus of the top layer was 700.1 kPa. The bottom layer consists of a low-density PEG hydrogel reinforced with a 3D silk fiber construct. The low-density PEG hydrogel was prepared with 4-arm PEG using the same cross-linking chemistry, and the compressive modulus was 13.2 kPa. Silk fiber was chosen based on the strong interfacial bonding with the low-density PEG hydrogel. The 3D silk fiber construct was fabricated by moving the silk fiber around the piles using a pile frame, and the compressive modulus of the 3D silk fiber construct was 567 kPa. The two layers were joined through a covalent bond which endowed sufficient stability against repeated torsions. The final 3D silk fiber construct embedded dual-layer PEG hydrogel had a compressive modulus of 744 kPa. Chondrogenic markers confirmed the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in the bottom layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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153
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Chang CY, Lin CC. Hydrogel Models with Stiffness Gradients for Interrogating Pancreatic Cancer Cell Fate. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:37. [PMID: 33805737 PMCID: PMC8002168 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has seen only modest improvements in patient survival rate over the past few decades. PDAC is highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, owing to the presence of a dense and hypovascularized fibrotic tissue, which is composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrices. Increase deposition and crosslinking of matrices by stromal cells lead to a heterogeneous microenvironment that aids in PDAC development. In the past decade, various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models have been developed to mimic and recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC. Advances in hydrogel chemistry and engineering should provide a venue for discovering new insights regarding how matrix properties govern PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. These engineered hydrogels are ideal for understanding how variation in matrix properties contributes to the progressiveness of cancer cells, including durotaxis, the directional migration of cells in response to a stiffness gradient. This review surveys the various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models and the methods to generate gradient stiffness for studying migration and other cancer cell fate processes in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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154
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Rong Y, Yang W, Hao H, Wang W, Lin S, Shi P, Huang Y, Li B, Sun Y, Liu Z, Wu C. The Golgi microtubules regulate single cell durotaxis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51094. [PMID: 33559938 PMCID: PMC7926246 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understandings on cell motility and directionality rely heavily on accumulated investigations of the adhesion-actin cytoskeleton-actomyosin contractility cycles, while microtubules have been understudied in this context. Durotaxis, the ability of cells to migrate up gradients of substrate stiffness, plays a critical part in development and disease. Here, we identify the pivotal role of Golgi microtubules in durotactic migration of single cells. Using high-throughput analysis of microtubule plus ends/focal adhesion interactions, we uncover that these non-centrosomal microtubules actively impart leading edge focal adhesion (FA) dynamics. Furthermore, we designed a new system where islands of higher stiffness were patterned within RGD peptide coated polyacrylamide gels. We revealed that the positioning of the Golgi apparatus is responsive to external mechanical cues and that the Golgi-nucleus axis aligns with the stiffness gradient in durotaxis. Together, our work unveils the cytoskeletal underpinning for single cell durotaxis. We propose a model in which the Golgi-nucleus axis serves both as a compass and as a steering wheel for durotactic migration, dictating cell directionality through the interaction between non-centrosomal microtubules and the FA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Rong
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Huiwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyBiomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shaozhen Lin
- Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsInstitute of Biomechanics and Medical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yuxing Huang
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Bo Li
- Applied Mechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Engineering MechanicsInstitute of Biomechanics and Medical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyBiomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC)School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
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155
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Aldana AA, Valente F, Dilley R, Doyle B. Development of 3D bioprinted GelMA-alginate hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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156
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Kim H, Kumbar SG, Nukavarapu SP. Biomaterial-directed cell behavior for tissue engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 17:100260. [PMID: 33521410 PMCID: PMC7839921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful tissue regeneration strategies focus on the use of novel biomaterials, structures, and a variety of cues to control cell behavior and promote regeneration. Studies discovered how biomaterial/ structure cues in the form of biomaterial chemistry, material stiffness, surface topography, pore, and degradation properties play an important role in controlling cellular events in the contest of in vitro and in vivo tissue regeneration. Advanced biomaterials structures and strategies are developed to focus on the delivery of bioactive factors, such as proteins, peptides, and even small molecules to influence cell behavior and regeneration. The present article is an effort to summarize important findings and further discuss biomaterial strategies to influence and control cell behavior directly via physical and chemical cues. This article also touches on various modern methods in biomaterials processing to include bioactive factors as signaling cues to program cell behavior for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington-06030
| | - Syam P. Nukavarapu
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs-06269
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington-06030
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157
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Li J, Hepburn MS, Chin L, Mowla A, Kennedy BF. Analysis of sensitivity in quantitative micro-elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1725-1745. [PMID: 33796383 PMCID: PMC7984799 DOI: 10.1364/boe.417829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative micro-elastography (QME), a variant of compression optical coherence elastography (OCE), is a technique to image tissue elasticity on the microscale. QME has been proposed for a range of applications, most notably tumor margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery. However, QME sensitivity, a key imaging metric, has yet to be systematically analyzed. Consequently, it is difficult to optimize imaging performance and to assess the potential of QME in new application areas. To address this, we present a framework for analyzing sensitivity that incorporates the three main steps in QME image formation: mechanical deformation, its detection using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and signal processing used to estimate elasticity. Firstly, we present an analytical model of QME sensitivity, validated by experimental data, and demonstrate that sub-kPa elasticity sensitivity can be achieved in QME. Using silicone phantoms, we demonstrate that sensitivity is dependent on friction, OCT focus depth, and averaging methods in signal processing. For the first time, we show that whilst lubrication of layer improves accuracy by reducing surface friction, it reduces sensitivity due to the time-dependent effect of lubricant exudation from the layer boundaries resulting in increased friction. Furthermore, we demonstrate how signal processing in QME provides a trade-off between sensitivity and resolution that can be used to optimize imaging performance. We believe that our framework to analyze sensitivity can help to sustain the development of QME and, also, that it can be readily adapted to other OCE techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Li
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalized Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Matt S. Hepburn
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Alireza Mowla
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalized Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
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158
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Silver JS, Günay KA, Cutler AA, Vogler TO, Brown TE, Pawlikowski BT, Bednarski OJ, Bannister KL, Rogowski CJ, Mckay AG, DelRio FW, Olwin BB, Anseth KS. Injury-mediated stiffening persistently activates muscle stem cells through YAP and TAZ mechanotransduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe4501. [PMID: 33712460 PMCID: PMC7954458 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle microenvironment transiently remodels and stiffens after exercise and injury, as muscle ages, and in myopathic muscle; however, how these changes in stiffness affect resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs) remains understudied. Following muscle injury, muscle stiffness remained elevated after morphological regeneration was complete, accompanied by activated and proliferative MuSCs. To isolate the role of stiffness on MuSC behavior and determine the underlying mechanotransduction pathways, we cultured MuSCs on strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition hydrogels capable of in situ stiffening by secondary photocrosslinking of excess cyclooctynes. Using pre- to post-injury stiffness hydrogels, we found that elevated stiffness enhances migration and MuSC proliferation by localizing yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1; TAZ) to the nucleus. Ablating YAP and TAZ in vivo promotes MuSC quiescence in postinjury muscle and prevents myofiber hypertrophy, demonstrating that persistent exposure to elevated stiffness activates mechanotransduction signaling maintaining activated and proliferating MuSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Silver
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K Arda Günay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alicia A Cutler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas O Vogler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tobin E Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bradley T Pawlikowski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Olivia J Bednarski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kendra L Bannister
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cameron J Rogowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Austin G Mckay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank W DelRio
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bradley B Olwin
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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159
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Wu S, Hua M, Alsaid Y, Du Y, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Lo CY, Wang C, Wu D, Yao B, Strzalka J, Zhou H, Zhu X, He X. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels with Broad-Range Tunable Mechanical Properties via the Hofmeister Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007829. [PMID: 33554414 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels, exhibiting wide applications in soft robotics, tissue engineering, implantable electronics, etc., often require sophisticately tailoring of the hydrogel mechanical properties to meet specific demands. For examples, soft robotics necessitates tough hydrogels; stem cell culturing demands various tissue-matching modulus; and neuron probes desire dynamically tunable modulus. Herein, a strategy to broadly alter the mechanical properties of hydrogels reversibly via tuning the aggregation states of the polymer chains by ions based on the Hofmeister effect is reported. An ultratough poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel as an exemplary material (toughness 150 ± 20 MJ m-3 ), which surpasses synthetic polymers like poly(dimethylsiloxane), synthetic rubber, and natural spider silk is fabricated. With various ions, the hydrogel's various mechanical properties are continuously and reversibly in situ modulated over a large window: tensile strength from 50 ± 9 kPa to 15 ± 1 MPa, toughness from 0.0167 ± 0.003 to 150 ± 20 MJ m-3 , elongation from 300 ± 100% to 2100 ± 300%, and modulus from 24 ± 2 to 2500 ± 140 kPa. Importantly, the ions serve as gelation triggers and property modulators only, not necessarily required to remain in the gel, maintaining the high biocompatibility of PVA without excess ions. This strategy, enabling high mechanical performance and broad dynamic tunability, presents a universal platform for broad applications from biomedicine to wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mutian Hua
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yousif Alsaid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yingjie Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yanfei Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yusen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chiao-Yueh Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Canran Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ximin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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160
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Qin M, Cheng W, Wang W, Cao Y. Understanding and Regulating Cell-Matrix Interactions Using Hydrogels of Designable Mechanical Properties. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:149-168. [PMID: 33785089 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Similar to natural tissues, hydrogels contain abundant water, so they are considered as promising biomaterials for studying the influence of the mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECM) on various cell functions. In recent years, the growing research on cellular mechanical response has revealed that many cell functions, including cell spreading, migration, tumorigenesis and differentiation, are related to the mechanical properties of ECM. Therefore, how cells sense and respond to the extracellular mechanical environment has gained considerable attention. In these studies, hydrogels are widely used as the in vitro model system. Hydrogels of tunable stiffness, viscoelasticity, degradability, plasticity, and dynamical properties have been engineered to reveal how cells respond to specific mechanical features. In this review, we summarize recent process in this research direction and specifically focus on the influence of the mechanical properties of the ECM on cell functions, how cells sense and respond to the extracellular mechanical environment, and approaches to adjusting the stiffness of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Oral Implantology Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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161
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Münch J, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Sensing and Responding of Cardiomyocytes to Changes of Tissue Stiffness in the Diseased Heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642840. [PMID: 33718383 PMCID: PMC7952448 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are permanently exposed to mechanical stimulation due to cardiac contractility. Passive myocardial stiffness is a crucial factor, which defines the physiological ventricular compliance and volume of diastolic filling with blood. Heart diseases often present with increased myocardial stiffness, for instance when fibrotic changes modify the composition of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). Consequently, the ventricle loses its compliance, and the diastolic blood volume is reduced. Recent advances in the field of cardiac mechanobiology revealed that disease-related environmental stiffness changes cause severe alterations in cardiomyocyte cellular behavior and function. Here, we review the molecular mechanotransduction pathways that enable cardiomyocytes to sense stiffness changes and translate those into an altered gene expression. We will also summarize current knowledge about when myocardial stiffness increases in the diseased heart. Sophisticated in vitro studies revealed functional changes, when cardiomyocytes faced a stiffer matrix. Finally, we will highlight recent studies that described modulations of cardiac stiffness and thus myocardial performance in vivo. Mechanobiology research is just at the cusp of systematic investigations related to mechanical changes in the diseased heart but what is known already makes way for new therapeutic approaches in regenerative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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162
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Hong J, Shin Y, Lee J, Cha C. Programmable multilayer printing of a mechanically-tunable 3D hydrogel co-culture system for high-throughput investigation of complex cellular behavior. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:710-718. [PMID: 33459335 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used as a 3D cell culture platform, as they can be tailored to provide suitable microenvironments to induce cellular phenotypes with physiological significance. Hydrogels are especially deemed attractive as a co-culture platform, in which two or more different types of cells are cultured together in close proximity, since the spatial distribution of different cell types can be rendered possible by advanced microfabrication schemes. Herein, programmable multilayer photolithography is employed to develop a 3D hydrogel-based co-culture system in an efficient and scalable manner, which consists of an inner microgel array containing one cell type covered by an outer hydrogel overlay containing another cell type. In particular, the mechanical properties of microgel array and hydrogel overlay are independently controlled in a wide range, with elastic moduli ranging from 1.7 to 31.6 kPa, allowing the high-throughput investigation of both individual hydrogel mechanics and mechanical gradients generated at their interface. Utilizing this system, phenotypical changes (i.e. proliferation, spheroid formation and Mφ polarization) of macrophages encapsulated in microgel array, in response to complex mechanical microenvironment and co-cultured fibroblasts, are comprehensively explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea. and Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
| | - Jiseok Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea and Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea. and Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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163
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Agarwal T, Onesto V, Lamboni L, Ansari A, Maiti TK, Makvandi P, Vosough M, Yang G. Engineering biomimetic intestinal topological features in 3D tissue models: retrospects and prospects. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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164
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Zaitsev VY, Matveyev AL, Matveev LA, Sovetsky AA, Hepburn MS, Mowla A, Kennedy BF. Strain and elasticity imaging in compression optical coherence elastography: The two-decade perspective and recent advances. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000257. [PMID: 32749033 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative mapping of deformation and elasticity in optical coherence tomography has attracted much attention of researchers during the last two decades. However, despite intense effort it took ~15 years to demonstrate optical coherence elastography (OCE) as a practically useful technique. Similarly to medical ultrasound, where elastography was first realized using the quasi-static compression principle and later shear-wave-based systems were developed, in OCE these two approaches also developed in parallel. However, although the compression OCE (C-OCE) was proposed historically earlier in the seminal paper by J. Schmitt in 1998, breakthroughs in quantitative mapping of genuine local strains and the Young's modulus in C-OCE have been reported only recently and have not yet obtained sufficient attention in reviews. In this overview, we focus on underlying principles of C-OCE; discuss various practical challenges in its realization and present examples of biomedical applications of C-OCE. The figure demonstrates OCE-visualization of complex transient strains in a corneal sample heated by an infrared laser beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Y Zaitsev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander L Matveyev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lev A Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander A Sovetsky
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Matt S Hepburn
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alireza Mowla
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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165
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Wang S, Hashemi S, Stratton S, Arinzeh TL. The Effect of Physical Cues of Biomaterial Scaffolds on Stem Cell Behavior. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001244. [PMID: 33274860 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been sought as a promising cell source in the tissue engineering field due to their proliferative capacity as well as differentiation potential. Biomaterials have been utilized to facilitate the delivery of stem cells in order to improve their engraftment and long-term viability upon implantation. Biomaterials also have been developed as scaffolds to promote stem cell induced tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the latter where the biomaterial scaffold is designed to provide physical cues to stem cells in order to promote their behavior for tissue formation. Recent work that explores the effect of scaffold physical properties, topography, mechanical properties and electrical properties, is discussed. Although still being elucidated, the biological mechanisms, including cell shape, focal adhesion distribution, and nuclear shape, are presented. This review also discusses emerging areas and challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Sharareh Hashemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Scott Stratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
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166
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Hawkins J, Miao X, Cui W, Sun Y. Biophysical optimization of preimplantation embryo culture: what mechanics can offer ART. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaaa087. [PMID: 33543291 PMCID: PMC8453600 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rise of ART and mounting reports of epigenetic modification associated with them, an understanding of optimal embryo culture conditions and reliable indicators of embryo quality are highly sought after. There is a growing body of evidence that mechanical biomarkers can rival embryo morphology as an early indicator of developmental potential and that biomimetic mechanical cues can promote healthy development in preimplantation embryos. This review will summarize studies that investigate the role of mechanics as both indicators and promoters of mammalian preimplantation embryo development and evaluate their potential for improving future embryo culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamar Hawkins
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xiaosu Miao
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yubing Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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167
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Liu Y, Li J, Yao B, Wang Y, Wang R, Yang S, Li Z, Zhang Y, Huang S, Fu X. The stiffness of hydrogel-based bioink impacts mesenchymal stem cells differentiation toward sweat glands in 3D-bioprinted matrix. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 118:111387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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168
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Özkale B, Sakar MS, Mooney DJ. Active biomaterials for mechanobiology. Biomaterials 2021; 267:120497. [PMID: 33129187 PMCID: PMC7719094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Active biomaterials offer novel approaches to study mechanotransduction in mammalian cells. These material systems probe cellular responses by dynamically modulating their resistance to endogenous forces or applying exogenous forces on cells in a temporally controlled manner. Stimuli-responsive molecules, polymers, and nanoparticles embedded inside cytocompatible biopolymer networks transduce external signals such as light, heat, chemicals, and magnetic fields into changes in matrix elasticity (few kPa to tens of kPa) or forces (few pN to several μN) at the cell-material interface. The implementation of active biomaterials in mechanobiology has generated scientific knowledge and therapeutic potential relevant to a variety of conditions including but not limited to cancer metastasis, fibrosis, and tissue regeneration. We discuss the repertoire of cellular responses that can be studied using these platforms including receptor signaling as well as downstream events namely, cytoskeletal organization, nuclear shuttling of mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators, cell migration, and differentiation. We highlight recent advances in active biomaterials and comment on their future impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Özkale
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mahmut Selman Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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169
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Jun I, Han HS, Lee JW, Lee K, Kim YC, Ok MR, Seok HK, Kim YJ, Song IS, Shin H, Edwards JR, Lee KY, Jeon H. On/off switchable physical stimuli regulate the future direction of adherent cellular fate. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5560-5571. [PMID: 34169302 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00908g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of cell-manipulating techniques reveals information about biological behaviors suited to address a wide range of questions in the field of life sciences. Here, we introduced an on/off switchable physical stimuli technique that offers precise stimuli for reversible cell patterning to allow regulation of the future direction of adherent cellular behavior by leveraging enzymatically degradable alginate hydrogels with defined chemistry and topography. As a proof of concept, targeted muscle cells adherent to TCP exhibited a reshaped structure when the hydrogel-based physical stimuli were applied. This simple tool offers easy manipulation of adherent cells to reshape their morphology and to influence future direction depending on the characteristics of the hydrogel without limitations of time and space. The findings from this study are broadly applicable to investigations into the relationships between cells and physiological extracellular matrix environments as well as has potential to open new horizons for regenerative medicine with manipulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myoung-Ryul Ok
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Kwang Seok
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-EUROPE), Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - In-Seok Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - James R Edwards
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Kuen Yong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. and Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea and KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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170
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Hasselmann S, Kopittke C, Götz M, Witzel P, Riffel J, Heinrich D. Tailored nanotopography of photocurable composites for control of cell migration. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4286-4296. [PMID: 35424386 PMCID: PMC8694362 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
External mechanical stimuli represent elementary signals for living cells to adapt to their adjacent environment. These signals range from bulk material properties down to nanoscopic surface topography and trigger cell behaviour. Here, we present a novel approach to generate tailored surface roughnesses in the nanometer range to tune surface properties by particle size and volume ratio. Time-resolved local mean-squared displacement (LMSD) analysis of amoeboid cell migration reveals that nanorough surfaces alter effectively cell migration velocities and the active cell migration phases. Since the UV curable composite material is easy to fabricate and can be structured via different light based processes, it is possible to generate hierarchical 3D cell scaffolds for tissue engineering or lab-on-a-chip applications with adjustable surface roughness in the nanometre range. Influencing amoeboid cell migration by a novel approach creating tailored surface roughness via a photocurable composite material.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Götz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC
- 97082 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Patrick Witzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC
- 97082 Würzburg
- Germany
| | | | - Doris Heinrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC
- 97082 Würzburg
- Germany
- Leiden University
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory
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171
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Xia B, Deng Y, Lv Y, Chen G. Stem cell recruitment based on scaffold features for bone tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2020; 9:1189-1203. [PMID: 33355545 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem-cell based therapy strategies are promising approaches for the treatment of bone defects. However, extensive cell expansion steps, the low rate of cell survival and uncontrolled differentiation of stem cells transplanted into the body currently remain key challenges in advancing stem cell therapeutics. An alternative strategy is to use specifically designed bone scaffolds to recruit endogenous stem cells upon implantation and to stimulate new bone formation and remodeling. Stem cell recruitment based on scaffold features for bone tissue engineering relies on the development of scaffolds that can effectively mobilize and recruit endogenous stem cells to the implantation site. This article addresses the recent advances in the recruitment of endogenous stem cells in applications of bone scaffolds, particularly focusing on chemical modification and physical characteristic modification of the scaffold for endogenous stem cell homing and recruitment. Finally, the continuing challenges and future directions of scaffold-based stem cell recruitment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xia
- Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, P. R. China
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172
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Xia Y, Tang D, Zeng Z, Wang X, Wang S. Cell Adhesion and Migration Behaviors on Patterned Thermoresponsive Microgel Stripes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8551-8558. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Xia
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dachao Tang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhujun Zeng
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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173
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Lee J, Abdeen AA, Li Y, Goonetilleke S, Kilian KA. Gradient and Dynamic Hydrogel Materials to Probe Dynamics in Cancer Stem Cell Phenotypes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90064, United States
| | - Amr A. Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yanfen Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shamalee Goonetilleke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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174
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Naqvi SM, McNamara LM. Stem Cell Mechanobiology and the Role of Biomaterials in Governing Mechanotransduction and Matrix Production for Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:597661. [PMID: 33381498 PMCID: PMC7767888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology has underpinned many scientific advances in understanding how biophysical and biomechanical cues regulate cell behavior by identifying mechanosensitive proteins and specific signaling pathways within the cell that govern the production of proteins necessary for cell-based tissue regeneration. It is now evident that biophysical and biomechanical stimuli are as crucial for regulating stem cell behavior as biochemical stimuli. Despite this, the influence of the biophysical and biomechanical environment presented by biomaterials is less widely accounted for in stem cell-based tissue regeneration studies. This Review focuses on key studies in the field of stem cell mechanobiology, which have uncovered how matrix properties of biomaterial substrates and 3D scaffolds regulate stem cell migration, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation, and activation of specific biological responses. First, we provide a primer of stem cell biology and mechanobiology in isolation. This is followed by a critical review of key experimental and computational studies, which have unveiled critical information regarding the importance of the biophysical and biomechanical cues for stem cell biology. This review aims to provide an informed understanding of the intrinsic role that physical and mechanical stimulation play in regulating stem cell behavior so that researchers may design strategies that recapitulate the critical cues and develop effective regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Naqvi
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - L M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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175
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Ejeian F, Razmjou A, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Mohammad M, Karamali F, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Asadnia M, Chen V. ZIF-8 Modified Polypropylene Membrane: A Biomimetic Cell Culture Platform with a View to the Improvement of Guided Bone Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10029-10043. [PMID: 33335393 PMCID: PMC7737945 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the significant advances in modeling of biomechanical aspects of cell microenvironment, it remains a major challenge to precisely mimic the physiological condition of the particular cell niche. Here, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been introduced as a feasible platform for multifactorial control of cell-substrate interaction, given the wide range of physical and mechanical properties of MOF materials and their structural flexibility. RESULTS In situ crystallization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on the polydopamine (PDA)-modified membrane significantly raised surface energy, wettability, roughness, and stiffness of the substrate. This modulation led to an almost twofold increment in the primary attachment of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) compare to conventional plastic culture dishes. The findings indicate that polypropylene (PP) membrane modified by PDA/ZIF-8 coating effectively supports the growth and proliferation of DPSCs at a substantial rate. Further analysis also displayed the exaggerated multilineage differentiation of DPSCs with amplified level of autocrine cell fate determination signals, like BSP1, BMP2, PPARG, FABP4, ACAN, and COL2A. Notably, osteogenic markers were dramatically overexpressed (more than 100-folds rather than tissue culture plate) in response to biomechanical characteristics of the ZIF-8 layer. CONCLUSION Hence, surface modification of cell culture platforms with MOF nanostructures proposed as a powerful nanomedical approach for selectively guiding stem cells for tissue regeneration. In particular, PP/PDA/ZIF-8 membrane presented ideal characteristics for using as a barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in periodontal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan73441-81746, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan73441-81746, Iran
- UNESCO Center for Membrane Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Munirah Mohammad
- UNESCO Center for Membrane Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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176
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Jo J, Abdi Nansa S, Kim DH. Molecular Regulators of Cellular Mechanoadaptation at Cell-Material Interfaces. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:608569. [PMID: 33364232 PMCID: PMC7753015 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse essential cellular behaviors are determined by extracellular physical cues that are detected by highly orchestrated subcellular interactions with the extracellular microenvironment. To maintain the reciprocity of cellular responses and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, cells utilize a variety of signaling pathways that transduce biophysical stimuli to biochemical reactions. Recent advances in the micromanipulation of individual cells have shown that cellular responses to distinct physical and chemical features of the material are fundamental determinants of cellular mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. In the process of outside-in signal transduction, transmembrane protein integrins facilitate the formation of focal adhesion protein clusters that are connected to the cytoskeletal architecture and anchor the cell to the substrate. The linkers of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton molecular complexes, collectively termed LINC, are critical signal transducers that relay biophysical signals between the extranuclear cytoplasmic region and intranuclear nucleoplasmic region. Mechanical signals that involve cytoskeletal remodeling ultimately propagate into the nuclear envelope comprising the nuclear lamina in assistance with various nuclear membrane proteins, where nuclear mechanics play a key role in the subsequent alteration of gene expression and epigenetic modification. These intracellular mechanical signaling cues adjust cellular behaviors directly associated with mechanohomeostasis. Diverse strategies to modulate cell-material interfaces, including alteration of surface rigidity, confinement of cell adhesive region, and changes in surface topology, have been proposed to identify cellular signal transduction at the cellular and subcellular levels. In this review, we will discuss how a diversity of alterations in the physical properties of materials induce distinct cellular responses such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and chromosomal organization. Furthermore, the pathological relevance of misregulated cellular mechanosensation and mechanotransduction in the progression of devastating human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and aging, will be extensively reviewed. Understanding cellular responses to various extracellular forces is expected to provide new insights into how cellular mechanoadaptation is modulated by manipulating the mechanics of extracellular matrix and the application of these materials in clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Shellard A, Mayor R. Durotaxis: The Hard Path from In Vitro to In Vivo. Dev Cell 2020; 56:227-239. [PMID: 33290722 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Durotaxis, the process by which cells follow gradients of extracellular mechanical stiffness, has been proposed as a mechanism driving directed migration. Despite the lack of evidence for its existence in vivo, durotaxis has become an active field of research, focusing on the mechanism by which cells respond to mechanical stimuli from the environment. In this review, we describe the technical and conceptual advances in the study of durotaxis in vitro, discuss to what extent the evidence suggests durotaxis may occur in vivo, and emphasize the urgent need for in vivo demonstration of durotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shellard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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178
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Joyner K, Yang S, Duncan GA. Microrheology for biomaterial design. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041508. [PMID: 33415310 PMCID: PMC7775114 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrheology analyzes the microscopic behavior of complex materials by measuring the diffusion and transport of embedded particle probes. This experimental method can provide valuable insight into the design of biomaterials with the ability to connect material properties and biological responses to polymer-scale dynamics and interactions. In this review, we discuss how microrheology can be harnessed as a characterization method complementary to standard techniques in biomaterial design. We begin by introducing the core principles and instruments used to perform microrheology. We then review previous studies that incorporate microrheology in their design process and highlight biomedical applications that have been supported by this approach. Overall, this review provides rationale and practical guidance for the utilization of microrheological analysis to engineer novel biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Joyner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sydney Yang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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179
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Ma J, Huang C. Composition and Mechanism of Three-Dimensional Hydrogel System in Regulating Stem Cell Fate. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:498-518. [PMID: 32272868 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel systems integrating different types of stem cells and scaffolding biomaterials have an important application in tissue engineering. The biomimetic hydrogels that pattern cell suspensions within 3D configurations of biomaterial networks allow for the transport of bioactive factors and mimic the stem cell niche in vivo, thereby supporting the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. The composition of a 3D hydrogel system determines the physical and chemical characteristics that regulate stem cell function through a biological mechanism. Here, we discuss the natural and synthetic hydrogel compositions that have been employed in 3D scaffolding, focusing on their characteristics, fabrication, biocompatibility, and regulatory effects on stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms of cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell interaction in stem cell activities in various types of 3D hydrogel systems. Understanding hydrogel compositions and their cellular mechanisms can yield insights into how scaffolding biomaterials and stem cells interact and can lead to the development of novel hydrogel systems of stem cells in tissue engineering and stem cell-based regenerative medicine. Impact statement Three-dimensional hydrogel system of stem cell mimicking the stemcell niche holds significant promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exactly how hydrogel composition regulates stem cell fate is not well understood. This review focuses on the composition of hydrogel, and how the hydrogel composition and its properties regulate the stem cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. We propose that cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell interaction are important regulatory mechanisms in stem cell activities. Our review provides key insights into how the hydrogel composition regulates the stem cell fate, untangling the engineering of three-dimensional hydrogel systems for stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Ma
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chengyang Huang
- Center for Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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180
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Lei R, Kumar S. Getting the big picture of cell-matrix interactions: High-throughput biomaterial platforms and systems-level measurements. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020; 24:100871. [PMID: 33244294 PMCID: PMC7685248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Living cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a complex and reciprocal manner. Much has been learned over the past few decades about cell-ECM interactions from targeted studies in which a specific matrix parameter (e.g. stiffness, adhesivity) has been varied across a few discrete values, or in which the level or activity of a protein is controlled in an isolated fashion. As the field moves forward, there is growing interest in addressing cell-matrix interactions from a systems perspective, which has spurred a new generation of matrix platforms capable of interrogating multiple ECM inputs in a combinatorial and parallelized fashion. Efforts are also actively underway to integrate specialized, synthetic ECM platforms with global measures of cell behaviors, including at the transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenomic levels. Here we review recent advances in both areas. We describe how new combinatorial ECM technologies are revealing unexpected crosstalk and nonlinearity in the relationship between cell phenotype and matrix properties. Similarly, efforts to integrate "omics" measurements with synthetic ECM platforms are illuminating how ECM properties can control cell biology in surprising and functionally important ways. We expect that advances in both areas will deepen the field's understanding of cell-ECM interactions and offer valuable insight into the design of biomaterials for specific biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxing Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720
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181
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Prunet A, Lefort S, Delanoë-Ayari H, Laperrousaz B, Simon G, Barentin C, Saci S, Argoul F, Guyot B, Rieu JP, Gobert S, Maguer-Satta V, Rivière C. A new agarose-based microsystem to investigate cell response to prolonged confinement. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4016-4030. [PMID: 32975276 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the importance of mechanical stimuli in normal and pathological situations for the control of many critical cellular functions. While the effect of matrix stiffness has been and is still extensively studied, few studies have focused on the role of mechanical stresses. The main limitation of such analyses is the lack of standard in vitro assays enabling extended mechanical stimulation compatible with dynamic biological and biophysical cell characterization. We have developed an agarose-based microsystem, the soft cell confiner, which enables the precise control of confinement for single or mixed cell populations. The rigidity of the confiner matches physiological conditions and its porosity enables passive medium renewal. It is compatible with time-lapse microscopy, in situ immunostaining, and standard molecular analyses, and can be used with both adherent and non-adherent cell lines. Cell proliferation of various cell lines (hematopoietic cells, MCF10A epithelial breast cells and HS27A stromal cells) was followed for several days up to confluence using video-microscopy and further documented by Western blot and immunostaining. Interestingly, even though the nuclear projected area was much larger upon confinement, with many highly deformed nuclei (non-circular shape), cell viability, assessed by live and dead cell staining, was unaffected for up to 8 days in the confiner. However, there was a decrease in cell proliferation upon confinement for all cell lines tested. The soft cell confiner is thus a valuable tool to decipher the effects of long-term confinement and deformation on the biology of cell populations. This tool will be instrumental in deciphering the impact of nuclear and cytoskeletal mechanosensitivity in normal and pathological conditions involving highly confined situations, such as those reported upon aging with fibrosis or during cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prunet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5306, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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182
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Bartlett RD, Eleftheriadou D, Evans R, Choi D, Phillips JB. Mechanical properties of the spinal cord and brain: Comparison with clinical-grade biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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183
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Promoted migration of fibroblast cells on low aspect ratio isotropic nanopore surface by reduced maturation of focal adhesion at peripheral region. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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184
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Lowen JM, Leach JK. Functionally graded biomaterials for use as model systems and replacement tissues. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909089. [PMID: 33456431 PMCID: PMC7810245 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of native tissues requires complex materials to provide suitable substitutes for model systems and replacement tissues. Functionally graded materials have the potential to address this challenge by mimicking the gradients in heterogeneous tissues such as porosity, mineralization, and fiber alignment to influence strength, ductility, and cell signaling. Advancements in microfluidics, electrospinning, and 3D printing enable the creation of increasingly complex gradient materials that further our understanding of physiological gradients. The combination of these methods enables rapid prototyping of constructs with high spatial resolution. However, successful translation of these gradients requires both spatial and temporal presentation of cues to model the complexity of native tissues that few materials have demonstrated. This review highlights recent strategies to engineer functionally graded materials for the modeling and repair of heterogeneous tissues, together with a description of how cells interact with various gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Lowen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
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185
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Beroz F, Zhou D, Mao X, Lubensky DK. Physical limits to sensing material properties. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5170. [PMID: 33056989 PMCID: PMC7560877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
All materials respond heterogeneously at small scales, which limits what a sensor can learn. Although previous studies have characterized measurement noise arising from thermal fluctuations, the limits imposed by structural heterogeneity have remained unclear. In this paper, we find that the least fractional uncertainty with which a sensor can determine a material constant λ0 of an elastic medium is approximately [Formula: see text] for a ≫ d ≫ ξ, [Formula: see text], and D > 1, where a is the size of the sensor, d is its spatial resolution, ξ is the correlation length of fluctuations in λ0, Δλ is the local variability of λ0, and D is the dimension of the medium. Our results reveal how one can construct devices capable of sensing near these limits, e.g. for medical diagnostics. We use our theoretical framework to estimate the limits of mechanosensing in a biopolymer network, a sensory process involved in cellular behavior, medical diagnostics, and material fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Beroz
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoming Mao
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David K Lubensky
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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186
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Han S, Kim J, Lee G, Kim D. Mechanical Properties of Materials for Stem Cell Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000247. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong‐Beom Han
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Ki Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Lee
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hwee Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145, Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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187
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Ambekar YS, Singh M, Scarcelli G, Rueda EM, Hall BM, Poché RA, Larin KV. Characterization of retinal biomechanical properties using Brillouin microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200208LR. [PMID: 32981240 PMCID: PMC7519206 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.9.090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The retina is critical for vision, and several diseases may alter its biomechanical properties. However, assessing the biomechanical properties of the retina nondestructively is a challenge due to its fragile nature and location within the eye globe. Advancements in Brillouin spectroscopy have provided the means for nondestructive investigations of retina biomechanical properties. AIM We assessed the biomechanical properties of mouse retinas using Brillouin microscopy noninvasively and showed the potential of Brillouin microscopy to differentiate the type and layers of retinas based on stiffness. APPROACH We used Brillouin microscopy to quantify stiffness of fresh and paraformaldehyde (PFA)-fixed retinas. As further proof-of-concept, we demonstrated a change in the stiffness of a retina with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced damage, compared to an undamaged sample. RESULTS We found that the retina layers with higher cell body density had higher Brillouin modulus compared to less cell-dense layers. We have also demonstrated that PFA-fixed retina samples were stiffer compared with fresh samples. Further, NMDA-induced neurotoxicity leads to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and reactive gliosis, increasing the stiffness of the RGC layer. CONCLUSION Brillouin microscopy can be used to characterize the stiffness distribution of the layers of the retina and can be used to differentiate tissue at different conditions based on biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshwari S. Ambekar
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Manmohan Singh
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Elda M. Rueda
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Hall
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ross A. Poché
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
- Address all correspondence to Ross A. Poché, E-mail: ; Kirill V. Larin, E-mail:
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
- Address all correspondence to Ross A. Poché, E-mail: ; Kirill V. Larin, E-mail:
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188
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Shahriyari F, Janmaleki M, Sharifi S, Hesar ME, Hoshian S, Taghiabadi R, Razaghian A, Ghadiri M, Peirovi A, Mahmoudi M, Nezhad AS, Khademhosseini A. Effect of cell imprinting on viability and drug susceptibility of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:119-129. [PMID: 32525052 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effect of substrate's geometrical cues on viability and the efficacy of an anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), on breast cancer cells. It is hypothesized that the surface topographical properties can mediate the cellular drug intake. Pseudo-three dimensional (3D) platforms were fabricated using imprinting technique from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to recapitulate topography of cells' membranes. The cells exhibited higher viability on the cell-imprinted platforms for both PDMS and GelMA materials compared to the plain/flat counterparts. For instance, MCF7 cells showed a higher metabolic activity (11.9%) on MCF7-imprinted PDMS substrate than plain PDMS. The increased metabolic activity for the imprinted GelMA was about 44.2% compared to plain hydrogel. The DOX response of cells was monitored for 24 h. Although imprinted substrates demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility, the cultured cells were more susceptible to the drug compared to the plain substrates. In particular, MCF7 cells on imprinted PDMS and GelMA substrates showed 37% and 50% higher in cell death compared to the corresponding plain PDMS and GelMA, respectively. Interestingly, the drug susceptibility of the cells on the imprinted hydrogel was about 70% higher than the cells cultured on imprinted PDMS substrates. Having MCF7 cell-imprinted substrates, DOX responses of two other breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and ZR-75-1, were also evaluated. The results support that cell membrane curvature developed by multiscale topography is able to mediate intracellular signaling and drug intake. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Research in biological sciences and drug discovery mostly rely on two dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques which cannot provide a reliable physiologically relevant environment. Lack of extracellular matrix and a large shift in physicochemical properties of conventional 2D substrates can induce aberrant cellular behaviors. While chemical composition, topographical, and mechanical properties of substrates have remarkable impacts on drug susceptibility, gene expression, and protein synthesis, the most cell culture plates are from rigid and plain substrates. A number of (bio)polymeric 3D-platforms have been introduced to resemble innate cell microenvironment. However, their intricate culture protocols restrain their applications in demanding high-throughput drug screening. To address the above concerns, in the present study, a hydrogel-based pseudo-3D substrate with imprinted cell features has been introduced.
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189
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Uto K, Arakawa CK, DeForest CA. Next-Generation Biomaterials for Culture and Manipulation of Stem Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035691. [PMID: 31843993 PMCID: PMC7461762 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell fate decisions are informed by physical and chemical cues presented within and by the extracellular matrix. Despite the generally attributed importance of extracellular cues in governing self-renewal, differentiation, and collective behavior, knowledge gaps persist with regard to the individual, synergistic, and competing effects that specific physiochemical signals have on cell function. To better understand basic stem cell biology, as well as to expand opportunities in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, a growing suite of customizable biomaterials has been developed. These next-generation cell culture materials offer user-defined biochemical and biomechanical properties, increasingly in a manner that can be controlled in time and 3D space. This review highlights recent innovations in this regard, focusing on advances to culture and maintain stemness, direct fate, and to detect stem cell function using biomaterial-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Uto
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0044, Japan
| | - Christopher K Arakawa
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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190
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Park S, Jung WH, Pittman M, Chen J, Chen Y. The Effects of Stiffness, Fluid Viscosity, and Geometry of Microenvironment in Homeostasis, Aging, and Diseases: A Brief Review. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1086203. [PMID: 32803227 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense biophysical cues in the micro-environment and respond to the cues biochemically and biophysically. Proper responses from cells are critical to maintain the homeostasis in the body. Abnormal biophysical cues will cause pathological development in the cells; pathological or aging cells, on the other hand, can alter their micro-environment to become abnormal. In this minireview, we discuss four important biophysical cues of the micro-environment-stiffness, curvature, extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and viscosity-in terms of their roles in health, aging, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Wei-Hung Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Matthew Pittman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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191
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Xia S, Lim YB, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, Lim CT, Yim EKF, Kanchanawong P. Nanoscale Architecture of the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton in Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1251-1267.e7. [PMID: 31365868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues influence pluripotent stem cell differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) exhibit unusual cytomechanical properties, including low cell stiffness and attenuated responses to substrate rigidity, but the underlying structural basis remains obscure. Using super-resolution microscopy to investigate the actin cytoskeleton in mESCs, we observed that the actin cortex consists of a distinctively sparse and isotropic network. Surprisingly, the architecture and mechanics of the mESC actin cortex appear to be largely myosin II-independent. The network density can be modulated by perturbing Arp2/3 and formin, whereas capping protein (CP) negatively regulates cell stiffness. Transient Arp2/3-containing aster-like structures are implicated in the organization and mechanical homeostasis of the cortical network. By generating a low-density network that physically excludes myosin II, the interplay between Arp2/3, formin, and CP governs the nanoscale architecture of the actin cortex and prescribes the cytomechanical properties of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Xia
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Ying Bena Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
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192
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Wei Q, Young J, Holle A, Li J, Bieback K, Inman G, Spatz JP, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Soft Hydrogels for Balancing Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4687-4701. [PMID: 33455192 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely explored for the delivery of cells in a variety of regenerative medicine applications due to their ability to mimic both the biochemical and physical cues of cell microniches. For bone regeneration, in particular, stiff hydrogels mimicking osteoid stiffness have been utilized due to the fact that stiff substrates favor stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Unlike cell adhesion in two dimensions, three-dimensional hydrogels offer mechanical stimulation but limit the cell spreading and growth due to the dense matrix network. Therefore, we designed degradable, soft hydrogels (∼0.5 kPa) mimicking the soft bone marrow stiffness, with incorporated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-cleavable sites and RGD-based adhesive sites, to enhance the spreading and proliferation of the encapsulated cells, which are commonly inhibited in nondegradable and/or stiff implants. When the hydrogels were cultured on rigid surfaces to mirror the microenvironment of bone defects in vivo, the cells were shown to migrate toward the interface and differentiate down the osteogenic lineage, enhanced by the codelivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Furthermore, this soft hydrogel might find applications in therapeutic interventions since it is easily injectable and cost-efficient. Taken together, we have designed a new system to balance cell growth and differentiation for improving hydrogel-based bone regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Young
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Holle
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University and German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth Inman
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, U.K
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta A Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Central Scientific Facility "Cellular Biotechnology", MPI for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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193
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Zhu H, Yang H, Ma Y, Lu TJ, Xu F, Genin GM, Lin M. Spatiotemporally Controlled Photoresponsive Hydrogels: Design and Predictive Modeling from Processing through Application. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000639. [PMID: 32802013 PMCID: PMC7418561 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive hydrogels (PRHs) are soft materials whose mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned spatially and temporally with relative ease. Both photo-crosslinkable and photodegradable hydrogels find utility in a range of biomedical applications that require tissue-like properties or programmable responses. Progress in engineering with PRHs is facilitated by the development of theoretical tools that enable optimization of their photochemistry, polymer matrices, nanofillers, and architecture. This review brings together models and design principles that enable key applications of PRHs in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics, and highlights ongoing challenges in both modeling and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Haiqian Yang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and StructuresXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanobiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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194
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Todorovski V, Fox AH, Choi YS. Matrix stiffness-sensitive long noncoding RNA NEAT1 seeded paraspeckles in cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1654-1662. [PMID: 32293985 PMCID: PMC7521846 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-02-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is influenced by changes in the tumor microenvironment, such as the stiffening of the extracellular matrix. Yet our understanding of how cancer cells sense and convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals and physiological responses is still limited. The long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), which forms the backbone of subnuclear "paraspeckle" bodies, has been identified as a key genetic regulator in numerous cancers. Here, we investigated whether paraspeckles, as defined by NEAT1 localization, are mechanosensitive. Using tunable polyacrylamide hydrogels of extreme stiffnesses, we measured paraspeckle parameters in several cancer cell lines and observed an increase in paraspeckles in cells cultured on soft (3 kPa) hydrogels compared with stiffer (40 kPa) hydrogels. This response to soft substrate is erased when cells are first conditioned on stiff substrate, and then transferred onto soft hydrogels, suggestive of mechanomemory upstream of paraspeckle regulation. We also examined some well-characterized mechanosensitive markers, but found that lamin A expression, as well as YAP and MRTF-A nuclear translocation did not show consistent trends between stiffnesses, despite all cell types having increased migration, nuclear, and cell area on stiffer hydrogels. We thus propose that paraspeckles may prove of use as mechanosensors in cancer mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Todorovski
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Archa H. Fox
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
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195
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Sun Y, Xu Z, Wang M, Lv S, Wu H, Chi G, Li L, Li Y. Soft Matrix Combined With BMPR Inhibition Regulates Neurogenic Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:791. [PMID: 32760710 PMCID: PMC7372119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells constantly encounter as well as respond to a variety of signals in their microenvironment. Although the role of biochemical factors has always been emphasized, the significance of biophysical signals has not been studied until recently. Additionally, biophysical elements, like extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, can regulate functions of stem cells. In this study, we demonstrated that soft matrix with 1-10 kPa can induce neural differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). Importantly, we used a combination of soft matrix and bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) inhibition to promote neurogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs. Furthermore, BMPR/SMADs occurs in crosstalk with the integrinβ1 downstream signaling pathway. In addition, BMPR inhibition plays a positive role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of hUC-MSCs on the hydrogel substrate. The results provide further evidence for the molecular mechanisms via which stem cells convert mechanical inputs into fateful decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Stomatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meijing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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196
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Deng Z, Fear MW, Suk Choi Y, Wood FM, Allahham A, Mutsaers SE, Prêle CM. The extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction in pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 126:105802. [PMID: 32668329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterised by excessive scarring in the lung which leads to compromised lung function, serious breathing problems and in some diseases, death. It includes several lung disorders with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) the most common and most severe. Pulmonary fibrosis is considered to be perpetuated by aberrant wound healing which leads to fibroblast accumulation, differentiation and activation, and deposition of excessive amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in particular, collagen. Recent studies have identified the importance of changes in the composition and structure of lung ECM during the development of pulmonary fibrosis and the interaction between ECM and lung cells. There is strong evidence that increased matrix stiffness induces changes in cell function including proliferation, migration, differentiation and activation. Understanding how changes in the ECM microenvironment influence cell behaviour during fibrogenesis, and the mechanisms regulating these changes, will provide insight for developing new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Deng
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Amira Allahham
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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197
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Rahmati M, Silva EA, Reseland JE, A Heyward C, Haugen HJ. Biological responses to physicochemical properties of biomaterial surface. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5178-5224. [PMID: 32642749 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical scientists use chemistry-driven processes found in nature as an inspiration to design biomaterials as promising diagnostic tools, therapeutic solutions, or tissue substitutes. While substantial consideration is devoted to the design and validation of biomaterials, the nature of their interactions with the surrounding biological microenvironment is commonly neglected. This gap of knowledge could be owing to our poor understanding of biochemical signaling pathways, lack of reliable techniques for designing biomaterials with optimal physicochemical properties, and/or poor stability of biomaterial properties after implantation. The success of host responses to biomaterials, known as biocompatibility, depends on chemical principles as the root of both cell signaling pathways in the body and how the biomaterial surface is designed. Most of the current review papers have discussed chemical engineering and biological principles of designing biomaterials as separate topics, which has resulted in neglecting the main role of chemistry in this field. In this review, we discuss biocompatibility in the context of chemistry, what it is and how to assess it, while describing contributions from both biochemical cues and biomaterials as well as the means of harmonizing them. We address both biochemical signal-transduction pathways and engineering principles of designing a biomaterial with an emphasis on its surface physicochemistry. As we aim to show the role of chemistry in the crosstalk between the surface physicochemical properties and body responses, we concisely highlight the main biochemical signal-transduction pathways involved in the biocompatibility complex. Finally, we discuss the progress and challenges associated with the current strategies used for improving the chemical and physical interactions between cells and biomaterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway. h.j.haugen.odont.uio.no
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198
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Northcutt LA, Suarez-Arnedo A, Rafat M. Emerging Biomimetic Materials for Studying Tumor and Immune Cell Behavior. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:2064-2077. [PMID: 31617045 PMCID: PMC7156320 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death both in the United States and worldwide. The dynamic microenvironment in which tumors grow consists of fibroblasts, immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and cytokines that enable progression and metastasis. Novel biomaterials that mimic these complex surroundings give insight into the biological, chemical, and physical environment that cause cancer cells to metastasize and invade into other tissues. Two-dimensional (2D) cultures are useful for gaining limited information about cancer cell behavior; however, they do not accurately represent the environments that cells experience in vivo. Recent advances in the design and tunability of diverse three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials complement biological knowledge and allow for improved recapitulation of in vivo conditions. Understanding cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions that facilitate tumor survival will accelerate the design of more effective therapies. This review discusses innovative materials currently being used to study tumor and immune cell behavior and interactions, including materials that mimic the ECM composition, mechanical stiffness, and integrin binding sites of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Northcutt
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Marjan Rafat
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Engineering and Science Building, Rm. 426, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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199
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Yu L, Hou Y, Xie W, Camacho JLC, Cheng C, Holle A, Young J, Trappmann B, Zhao W, Melzig MF, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Zhao C, Spatz JP, Wei Q, Haag R. Ligand Diffusion Enables Force-Independent Cell Adhesion via Activating α5β1 Integrin and Initiating Rac and RhoA Signaling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002566. [PMID: 32537880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cells reside in a dynamic microenvironment in which adhesive ligand availability, density, and diffusivity are key factors regulating cellular behavior. Here, the cellular response to integrin-binding ligand dynamics by directly controlling ligand diffusivity via tunable ligand-surface interactions is investigated. Interestingly, cell spread on the surfaces with fast ligand diffusion is independent of myosin-based force generation. Fast ligand diffusion enhances α5β1 but not αvβ3 integrin activation and initiates Rac and RhoA but not ROCK signaling, resulting in lamellipodium-based fast cell spreading. Meanwhile, on surfaces with immobile ligands, αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins synergistically initiate intracellular-force-based canonical mechanotransduction pathways to enhance cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. These results indicate the presence of heretofore-unrecognized pathways, distinct from canonical actomyosin-driven mechanisms, that are capable of promoting cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixiao Yu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Yong Hou
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Wenyan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Andrew Holle
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Jennifer Young
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr. 20, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Matthias F Melzig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Elisabetta A Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Central Scientific Facility "Cellular Biotechnology", Jahnstr. 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Qiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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200
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Barber-Pérez N, Georgiadou M, Guzmán C, Isomursu A, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. Mechano-responsiveness of fibrillar adhesions on stiffness-gradient gels. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242909. [PMID: 32393601 PMCID: PMC7328166 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar adhesions are important structural and adhesive components in fibroblasts, and are required for fibronectin fibrillogenesis. While nascent and focal adhesions are known to respond to mechanical cues, the mechanoresponsive nature of fibrillar adhesions remains unclear. Here, we used ratiometric analysis of paired adhesion components to determine an appropriate fibrillar adhesion marker. We found that active α5β1-integrin exhibits the most definitive fibrillar adhesion localization compared to other proteins, such as tensin-1, reported to be in fibrillar adhesions. To elucidate the mechanoresponsiveness of fibrillar adhesions, we designed a cost-effective and reproducible technique to fabricate physiologically relevant stiffness gradients on thin polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels, embedded with fluorescently labelled beads. We generated a correlation curve between bead density and hydrogel stiffness, thus enabling a readout of stiffness without the need for specialized knowhow, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM). We find that stiffness promotes growth of fibrillar adhesions in a tensin-1-dependent manner. Thus, the formation of these extracellular matrix-depositing structures is coupled to the mechanical parameters of the cell environment and may enable cells to fine-tune their matrix environment in response to changing physical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Barber-Pérez
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Georgiadou
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Aleksi Isomursu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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