151
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Bicknese S, Rossi M, Thevenin B, Shohet SB, Verkman AS. Anisotropy decay measurement of segmental dynamics of the anion binding domain in erythrocyte band 3. Biochemistry 1995; 34:10645-51. [PMID: 7544617 DOI: 10.1021/bi00033a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved anisotropy was utilized to detect nanosecond segmental motions of the band 3 intramembrane domain. Band 3 at lysine 430 was fluorescently labeled in ghost membranes by fluorescein or eosin maleimide treatment of intact human erythrocytes followed by hypotonic lysis. Single lifetimes for fluorescein (3.8-4.1 ns) and eosin (3.2-3.4 ns) were observed. Phase-modulation measurement of anisotropy decay indicated a segmental motion model, r(t) = exp(-t/tau 1c)[r infinity + (ro-r infinity) exp(-t/tau 2c)], defined by rotational correlation times corresponding to band 3 segmental motion (tau 1c, 30-70 ns) and rapid fluorescein motion in its binding pocket (tau 2c, 200-400 ps), and a residual anisotropy (r infinity, 0.23-0.28) describing hindered fluorescein motion. In PBS at pH 7.4, tau 1c, tau 2c, and r infinity were 44 ns, 307 ps, and 0.24, respectively, predicting a steady-state anisotropy of 0.24, in agreement with the measured value of 0.23. Factors that might influence band 3 structure/dynamics were examined. Whereas pH (range 5-10) had little effect on r(t), [NaCl] addition (0-150 mM) remarkably decreased tau 1c from 68 to 44 ns. The decrease in tau 1c correlated with solution ionic strength, and did not depend on osmolality (studied by mannitol addition), or specific anion interactions (comparing Cl, Br, F, SO4, citrate). The ionic strength effect was not observed in fluorescein-labeled carbonic anhydrase and trypsin-cleaved band 3, suggesting a specific effect on intact band 3. Anisotropy decay was relatively insensitive to external lectin or internal 2,3-DPG binding, but was sensitive to temperature, membrane fluidity, urea denaturation, fluid-phase viscosity, and aldehyde fixation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bicknese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0521, USA
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152
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Knauf PA, Spinelli LJ. NIP- and NAP-taurine bind to external modifier site of AE1 (band 3), at which iodide inhibits anion exchange. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1995; 269:C410-6. [PMID: 7653523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.2.c410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
External iodide (I-o) inhibits AE1 (band 3)-mediated anion exchange in human red blood cells by binding to a noncompetitive inhibitory site, the external halide modifier site. External N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethyl sulfonate (NAP-taurine) and N-(4-isothiocyano-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethyl sulfonate (NIP-taurine) also inhibit Cl- exchange noncompetitively. Increasing I-o decreases the inhibitory potency of NIP-taurine in a competitive fashion; this effect is not due to I- binding to the transport site, which has little effect on the NIP-taurine affinity. Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)-suberate (BSSS) abolishes the noncompetitive inhibitory effect of I-o and greatly reduces the inhibitory effect of NAP-taurine. Together with previous work, these data suggest that external halides, such as I-, Br-, and probably also Cl-, bind to the same noncompetitive inhibitory site as do NAP- and NIP-taurine and that these reagents can be used to label the halide modifier site. Lys-539, a probable reaction site of BSSS, lies within the same segment of AE1 that is labeled by NAP-taurine and thus may be part of the modifier site.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Knauf
- Department of Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York 14642, USA
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153
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Wang CC, Moriyama R, Lombardo CR, Low PS. Partial characterization of the cytoplasmic domain of human kidney band 3. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:17892-7. [PMID: 7629093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.30.17892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The major anion exchanger in type A intercalated cells of the cortical and medullary collecting ducts of the human kidney is a truncated isoform of erythrocyte band 3 (AE1) that lacks the N-terminal 65 residues. Because this missing sequence has been implicated in the binding of ankyrin, protein 4.1, several glycolytic enzymes, hemoglobin, and hemichromes in erythrocytes, we have undertaken examination of the structure and peripheral protein interactions of this kidney isoform. The cytoplasmic domain of kidney band 3, kidney CDB3, was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The kidney isoform exhibited a circular dichroism spectrum and Stokes radius similar to its larger erythrocyte counterpart. Kidney CDB3 was also observed to engage in the same conformational equilibrium characteristic of erythrocyte CDB3. In contrast, the tryptophan and cysteine clusters of kidney CDB3 behaved very differently from erythrocyte CDB3 in response to pH changes and oxidizing conditions. Furthermore, kidney CDB3 did not bind ankyrin, protein 4.1, or aldolase, and expression of erythrocyte CDB3 was toxic to its bacterial host, whereas expression of kidney CDB3 was not. Taken together, these data suggest that the absence of the N-terminal 65 amino acids in kidney CDB3 eliminates the major function currently ascribed to CDB3 in erythrocytes, i.e. that of peripheral protein binding. The primary function of residues 66-379 found in kidney CDB3 thus remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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154
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Kiyatkin AB, Natarajan P, Munshi S, Minor W, Johnson JE, Low PS. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the cytoplasmic domain of human erythrocyte band 3. Proteins 1995; 22:293-7. [PMID: 7479704 DOI: 10.1002/prot.340220312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A cytoplasmic domain of the human erythrocyte membrane protein band 3 (M(r) = 42,500), residues 1-379, expressed in and purified from E. coli, has been crystallized by the method of vapor diffusion in sitting drops with subsequent streak-seeding at room temperature. Initial crystals were grown from solutions containing 65-68% saturated ammonium sulfate at pH 4.9 and 2 mg/ml protein. Subsequent streak-seeding into solutions of 50-53% ammonium sulfate at pH 4.9 and 7 mg/ml protein produced single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis, which contained pure protein as revealed by gel electrophoresis. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group C2 with cell dimensions of a = 178.8 A, b = 90.5 A, c = 122.1 A, and beta = 131.3 degrees and diffract at least to 2.7 A resolution (at 100 K). A self-rotation function shows the presence of approximate 222 local symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Kiyatkin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, USA
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155
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Vázquez JJ, Vázquez M, Idoate MA, Montuenga L, Martínez-Ansó E, Castillo JE, García N, Medina JF, Prieto J. Anion exchanger immunoreactivity in human salivary glands in health and Sjögren's syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1995; 146:1422-32. [PMID: 7778681 PMCID: PMC1870910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland ducts play a relevant role in saliva secretion through transport processes. Na(+)-independent chloride-bicarbonate anion exchangers (AE) may be involved in these processes by generating ion fluxes into the salivary secretion. In Sjögren's syndrome, a disorder with gland dysfunction, there might be an impaired expression of AE proteins. Here we study AE immunoreactivities in human salivary glands, both in health and in Sjögren's syndrome. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on salivary glands from normal subjects and patients with Sjögren's syndrome, using two monoclonal antibodies against AE1 and AE2. Normal salivary glands showed AE2 immunoreactivity, which was restricted to the epithelium of the ducts, with no staining at the acini. A strong positivity was seen in the basolateral portion of the striated ducts, while interlobular duct cells showed a discrete positivity at their apical pole. In salivary glands from most of the patients with Sjögren's syndrome, AE2 immunoreactivity was absent in the ducts as well as in the acini. In both normal and diseased salivary glands, AE1 immunoreactivity was only located at the erythrocyte membrane. The recently reported AE0 was discarded because no AE0 message was found in salivary glands by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, AE2 immunoreactivity is observed in the ducts of normal salivary glands, particularly in the striated ducts. AE2 immunoreactivity is virtually absent in salivary glands from patients with Sjögren's syndrome, which may reflect either a loss of AE2 after inflammatory atrophy, or a primary defect occurring in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Vázquez
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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156
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Iqbal J, Siddique AB, Ahlborg N, Perlmann P, Berzins K. Cytoadherence-related homologous motifs in Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf155/RESA and erythrocyte band 3 protein. Parasitology 1995; 110 ( Pt 5):503-11. [PMID: 7596635 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000065215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. The identity of cell surface molecules on parasitized erythrocytes involved in cytoadherence is of great interest to understand the molecular basis of this mechanism. Peptide sequences derived from exofacial loops of the erythrocyte antigen band 3 from parasitized erythrocytes have previously been shown to inhibit cytoadherence. We now report that a non-repeated region of Pf155/RESA (residues 213-218) contains a hexapeptide motif being highly homologous to cytoadherence inhibitory sequences from band 3. Synthetic peptides containing the hexapeptide motif of Pf155/RESA inhibited the binding of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes to melanoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, individuals residing in malaria-endemic areas have antibodies reactive with epitopes involving these motifs in band 3 and in Pf155/RESA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iqbal
- Department of Immunology, Stockholm University, Sweden
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157
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Casey JR, Ding Y, Kopito RR. The role of cysteine residues in the erythrocyte plasma membrane anion exchange protein, AE1. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:8521-7. [PMID: 7721750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.15.8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AE1 (Band 3), a congruent to 110-kDa integral plasma membrane protein, facilitates the electroneutral movement of Cl- and HCO3- across the erythrocyte membrane and serves as the primary attachment site for the erythrocyte spectrin-actin cytoskeleton. In this investigation, we have characterized the role of native cysteines in the function of AE1. We have constructed a mutant version of human AE1 (AE1C-) in which all five cysteines of AE1 were replaced with serines. Wild-type and AE1C- cDNAs were expressed by transient transfection of human embryonic kidney cells. Two of the mutated cysteines in AE1C- are in a region involved in ankyrin binding, and ankyrin binding has previously been shown to be sensitive to the oxidation state of these cysteines. However, the KD values for ankyrin binding by AE1 and AE1C- were indistinguishable, suggesting that AE1 cysteines are not essential components of the ankyrin-binding site. Using size exclusion chromatography, both AE1 and AE1C- were found to associate as a mixture of dimers and high molecular mass complexes. The rate of anion exchange by AE1C-, as measured in a reconstituted microsome sulfate transport assay, was indistinguishable from that by AE1 and was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate. We conclude that the cysteines of AE1 are not required for the anion exchange or cytoskeletal binding roles of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Casey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, California 94305-5020, USA
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158
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Guthrie N, Crandall IE, Marini S, Fasciglione GF, Sherman IW. Monoclonal antibodies that react with human band 3 residues 542-555 recognize different conformations of this protein in uninfected and Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 144:117-23. [PMID: 7623782 DOI: 10.1007/bf00944390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody generated against synthetic peptides patterned on amino acids 542-555 of human band 3, designated 1F4, specifically immunostained Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and inhibited the cytoadherence of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes to C32 amelanotic melanoma cells. 1F4 did not recognize intact band 3 protein on immunoblots, however it was reactive towards proteolytic fragments of band 3. The binding region of another murine monoclonal antibody previously reported to recognize the membrane spanning domain of human band 3, designated B6, was found to also recognize residues 542-555, however its properties differed from 1F4. Mab B6 recognized both infected and uninfected red cells, and reacted only with intact band 3 on immunoblots. Mab B6 was without effect on cytoadherence. These results demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies reactive against a common peptide sequence may bind to different conformations of the peptide sequence and suggest that the adherent competency of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes may result from a change in the surface topography of human band 3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guthrie
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA
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159
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Ogawa N, Noguchi K, Sawai H, Yamashita Y, Yompakdee C, Oshima Y. Functional domains of Pho81p, an inhibitor of Pho85p protein kinase, in the transduction pathway of Pi signals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15:997-1004. [PMID: 7823964 PMCID: PMC231994 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.15.2.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The PHO81 gene is thought to encode an inhibitor of the negative regulators (Pho80p and Pho85p) in the phosphatase (PHO) regulon. Transcription of PHO81 is regulated by Pi signals through the same PHO regulatory system. Elimination of the PHO81 promoter or its substitution by the GAL1 promoter revealed that stimulation of the PHO regulatory system requires both increased transcription of PHO81 and a Pi starvation signal. The predicted Pho81p protein contains 1,179 amino acids (aa) and has six repeats of an ankyrin-like sequence in its central region. The minimum amino acid sequence required for Pho81p function was narrowed down to a 141-aa segment (aa 584 to 724), which contains the fifth and sixth repeats of the ankyrin-like motif. The third to sixth repeats of the ankyrin-like motif of Pho81p have significant similarities to that of p16INK4, which inhibits activity of the human cyclin D-CDK4 kinase complex. Deletion analyses revealed that the N- and C-terminal regions of Pho81p behave as negative and positive regulatory domains, respectively, for the minimal 141-aa region. The negative regulatory activity of the N-terminal domain was antagonized by a C-terminal segment of Pho81p supplied in trans. All four known classes of PHO81c mutations that show repressible acid phosphatase activity in high-Pi medium affect the N-terminal half of Pho81p. An in vitro assay showed that a glutathione S-transferase-Pho81p fusion protein inhibits the Pho85p protein kinase. Association of Pho81p with Pho85p or with the Pho80p-Pho85p complex was demonstrated by the two-hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ogawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
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160
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Land K, Sherman I, Gysin J, Crandall I. Anti-adhesive antibodies and peptides as potential therapeutics for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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161
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White RA, Geissler EN, Adkison LR, Dowler LL, Alper SL, Lux SE. Chromosomal location of the murine anion exchanger genes encoding AE2 and AE3. Mamm Genome 1994; 5:827-9. [PMID: 7894173 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R A White
- Section of Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
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162
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The major kidney AE1 isoform does not bind ankyrin (Ank1) in vitro. An essential role for the 79 NH2-terminal amino acid residues of band 3. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)31621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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163
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Lokeshwar VB, Fregien N, Bourguignon LY. Ankyrin-binding domain of CD44(GP85) is required for the expression of hyaluronic acid-mediated adhesion function. J Cell Biol 1994; 126:1099-109. [PMID: 7519619 PMCID: PMC2120123 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.126.4.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
GP85 is one of the most common hemopoietic isoforms of the cell adhesion molecule, CD44. CD44(GP85) is known to contain at least one ankyrin-binding site within its 70 aa cytoplasmic domain and to bind hyaluronic acid (HA) with its extracellular domain. In this study we have mapped the ankyrin-binding domain of CD44(GP85) by deleting various portions of the cytoplasmic region followed by expression of these truncated cDNAs in COS cells. The results of these experiments indicate that the ankyrin-binding domain resides between amino acids 305 and 355. Biochemical analyses, using competition binding assays and a synthetic peptide (NGGNGT-VEDRKPSEL) containing 15 aa between aa 305 and aa 320, support the conclusion that this region is required for ankryin binding. Furthermore, we have constructed a fusion protein in which this 15 aa sequence of CD44(GP85) is transplanted onto another transmembrane protein which does not bind ankyrin. Our results show that this fusion protein acquires the ability to bind ankyrin confirming that the sequence (306NGGNGTVEDRKPSE320L) is a critical part of the ankryin-binding domain of CD44(GP85). In addition, we have demonstrated that deletion of this 15 aa ankyrin-binding sequence from CD44(GP85) results in a drastic reduction (> or = 90%) of HA-binding and HA-mediated cell adhesion. These findings strongly suggest that ankyrin binding to the cytoplasmic domain of CD44(GP85) plays a pivotal role in regulating hyaluronic acid-mediated cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Lokeshwar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33101
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164
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Tu YP, Xu H. Zn2+ inhibits the anion transport activity of band 3 by binding to its cytoplasmic tail. Biosci Rep 1994; 14:159-69. [PMID: 7849238 DOI: 10.1007/bf01200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zn2+ can induce a conformational change of Band 3 with concomitant inhibition of its anion transport activity of human erythrocyte membrane vesicles only from the cytoplasmic side. The Zn2+ inhibition exhibits a dose-dependent manner with an apparent half maximal concentration of 50 microM ZnCl2 and can be reversed by 0.5 mM EDTA, but not by 1 mM dithiothreitol. The Zn2+ effect is specific and no similar inhibitory action could be observed by other divalent cations (Cu2+, Mn2+, Mg2+ or Sr2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Tu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Academia Sinica, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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165
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Devuyst O, Beauwens R, Denef JF, Crabbé J, Abramow M. Subtypes of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells defined by immunocytochemistry: further evidence for properties of renal collecting duct cells. Cell Tissue Res 1994; 277:231-7. [PMID: 8082117 DOI: 10.1007/bf00327770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line has been proposed as a model for studying intercalated (IC) cells of the renal cortical collecting duct. The IC cells are characterized by peanut lectin (PNA) binding capacity, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange mediated by a band 3-related protein. It has been suggested that these properties are also expressed in MDCK cells. So far however, the nature of the specific protein involved in Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange, the type of CA isozyme and the relationship between these two characteristics and PNA binding, have not been investigated in MDCK cells by immunocytochemical methods. Using two antibodies raised against human erythrocyte band 3 protein and two against human erythrocyte CA I and II isozymes, our study provides evidence that a protein related to band 3 is expressed in about 5% of cultured MDCK cells; these band 3-positive cells do not bind PNA and are not reactive for CAI or CAII. About 30% of the MDCK cells bind PNA, two-thirds of which are also CAII-positive. A majority (about 65%) of MDCK cells is not reactive for the three markers used; their density is increased after incubation with aldosterone. These data indicate (i) that the Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange of the MDCK cells could be related to human erythrocyte band 3, (ii) that the CA activity of the MDCK cell line bears antigenic identity with the erythrocyte CA II isozyme and (iii) that the latter is always co-localized with PNA binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- O Devuyst
- Department of Physiology, University of Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
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166
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Martínez-Ansó E, Castillo JE, Díez J, Medina JF, Prieto J. Immunohistochemical detection of chloride/bicarbonate anion exchangers in human liver. Hepatology 1994. [PMID: 8188169 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840190613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity has been observed in isolated rat hepatocytes and intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells, where it is involved in intracellular pH regulation and, possibly, biliary bicarbonate secretion. Monoclonal antibodies to the membrane domain of human chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger proteins, AE1 and AE2, were prepared so that we might determine by immunohistochemical methods the presence and location of these antiporters in the human liver. To obtain the antibody against AE1, we immunized mice with injections of washed human erythrocytes. The selected monoclonal antibody was found to be specific for the 17-kD proteolytic membrane fragment of AE1 protein. The antibody to AE2 was produced with a 14-mer synthetic peptide, whose sequence corresponds specifically to amino acid residues 871 to 884 in the deduced primary structure of human kidney AE2 protein. When the monoclonal antibody to AE2 peptide was employed for the immunohistochemical study of liver specimens (by both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase), a clearly defined staining was present at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, as well as the luminal side of the membrane of bile duct epithelial cells from small and medium-sized bile ducts. No staining was observed in the liver parenchyma with the monoclonal antibody to AE1, which instead strongly decorated the erythrocytes in liver blood vessels. We conclude that AE2 immunoreactivity is present in human liver, where it localizes very specifically to the membrane regions, which appear most probably involved in the transport of bicarbonate to bile (i.e., the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes and the apical side of epithelial cells of small and medium bile ducts).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez-Ansó
- Department of Medicine, University Clinic and Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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167
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Crandall I, Sherman IW. Antibodies to synthetic peptides based on band 3 motifs react specifically with Plasmodium falciparum (human malaria)-infected erythrocytes and block cytoadherence. Parasitology 1994; 108 ( Pt 4):389-96. [PMID: 8008452 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000075934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) prepared against synthetic peptides patterned on exofacial loops 3 (amino acids 546-555) and 7 (821-834) of the human anion transport protein band 3 inhibited the cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to C32 amelanotic melanoma cells. Mabs directed against exofacial loop 4 (amino acids 628-642) did not inhibit adherence to a significant degree. The murine Mabs recognized only P. falciparum-infected cryptic in uninfected erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Crandall
- University of California Riverside 92521
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168
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GARGARO AR, BLOOMBERG GB, DEMPSEY CE, MURRAY M, TANNER MJA. The solution structures of the first and second transmembrane-spanning segments of band 3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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169
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Crandall I, Sherman IW. Cytoadherence-related neoantigens on Plasmodium falciparum (human malaria)-infected human erythrocytes result from the exposure of normally cryptic regions of the band 3 protein. Parasitology 1994; 108 ( Pt 3):257-67. [PMID: 8022654 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000076101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced by vaccination of Balb/c mice with live Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells (iRBC). The iRBC Mabs recognized altered forms of the human erythrocyte membrane protein band 3; however, these Mabs did not recognize the band 3 molecule in uninfected or ring-infected red cells. The location of epitopes was determined by studying the binding of the iRBC Mabs after selective proteolysis of band 3 as well as by the reactivity of these Mabs to synthetic peptides that corresponded to putative exofacial regions of band 3. Treatment of uninfected red cell membranes with trypsin under low ionic strength conditions resulted in exposure of cryptic epitopes of band 3 which were recognized by the iRBC Mabs. Several of the anti-iRBC Mabs (two of which were described previously) inhibited the in vitro adherence of infected erythrocytes to C32 amelanotic melanoma cells. A mouse polyclonal serum against a synthetic peptide based on an amino acid sequence motif of band 3 reacted (by immunostaining) only with the surface of iRBC and blocked adhesion. Thus, it appears that cryptic residues of the band 3 protein become exposed upon parasitization, and their presence contributes to the increased adhesiveness of the P. falciparum-infected red cell.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte/chemistry
- Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Protozoan/blood
- Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Erythrocytes/drug effects
- Erythrocytes/immunology
- Erythrocytes/parasitology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Melanoma, Amelanotic
- Mice
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Trypsin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- I Crandall
- University of California, Riverside 92521
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170
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Red blood cell band 3. Lysine 539 and lysine 851 react with the same H2DIDS (4,4‘-diisothiocyanodihydrostilbene-2,2‘-disulfonic acid) molecule. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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171
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Jarolim P, Rubin HL, Liu SC, Cho MR, Brabec V, Derick LH, Yi SJ, Saad ST, Alper S, Brugnara C. Duplication of 10 nucleotides in the erythroid band 3 (AE1) gene in a kindred with hereditary spherocytosis and band 3 protein deficiency (band 3PRAGUE). J Clin Invest 1994; 93:121-30. [PMID: 8282779 PMCID: PMC293744 DOI: 10.1172/jci116935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a duplication of 10 nucleotides (2,455-2,464) in the band 3 gene in a kindred with autosomal dominant hereditary spherocytosis and a partial deficiency of the band 3 protein that is reflected by decreased rate of transmembrane sulfate flux and decreased density of intramembrane particles. The mutant allele potentially encodes an abnormal band 3 protein with a 3.5-kD COOH-terminal truncation; however, we did not detect the mutant protein in the membrane of mature red blood cells. Since the mRNA levels for the mutant and normal alleles are similar and since the band 3 content is the same in the light and dense red cell fractions, we conclude that the mutant band 3 is either not inserted into the plasma membrane or lost from the membrane prior to the release of red blood cells into circulation. We further show that the decrease in band 3 content principally involves the dimeric laterally and rotationally mobile fraction of the band 3 protein, while the laterally immobile and rotationally restricted band 3 fraction is left essentially intact. We propose that the decreased density of intramembrane particles decreases the stability of the membrane lipid bilayer and causes release of lipid microvesicles that leads to surface area deficiency and spherocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jarolim
- Department of Biomedical Research, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Boston, MA 02135
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172
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Jenkins PB, Gallagher PG, Forget BG. Analysis of a PstI polymorphism of the human erythrocyte band 3 gene (EPB3). Br J Haematol 1993; 85:816-8. [PMID: 7918052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The genomic structure of a 1.5 kb region near the 5' end of the human erythrocyte band 3 gene (EPB3) was determined and the location of a two-allele PstI polymorphism in this region identified. Using this information, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was designed for rapid, simple identification of the PstI polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Jenkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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173
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Roepe PD, Wei LY, Cruz J, Carlson D. Lower electrical membrane potential and altered pHi homeostasis in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells: further characterization of a series of MDR cell lines expressing different levels of P-glycoprotein. Biochemistry 1993; 32:11042-56. [PMID: 8105888 DOI: 10.1021/bi00092a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently [Roepe, P.D. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 12555-12564], increased steady-state levels of chemotherapeutic drug efflux from multidrug-resistant (MDR) myeloma cells were correlated with intracellular alkalinization. To better understand elevated pHi in MDR cells, Na(+)- and Cl-dependent recovery of pHi upon intracellular acid or alkaline shock has been examined for this same series of MDR cell lines. In agreement with another recent report [Boscoboinik, D., Gupta, R.S., & Epand, R.M. (1990) Br. J. Cancer 61, 568-572], we find that the rate of Na(+)-induced alkalinization after an intracellular acid shock is increased in the MDR cells, relative to the drug-sensitive parent. Interestingly, we also now find that mRNA encoding the human Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) is overexpressed in these MDR cells, but the level of overexpression does not correlate with the relative drug resistance or steady-state pHi. It is also found that the efficiency of Cl(-)dependent reacidification of pHi, after an intracellular alkaline shock is reduced in the MDR cells. This effect appears to correlate with the relative expression of MDR protein, but not the relative expression of Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE), which we now find is also altered in the series of cells. Since elevated pHi will increase delta pH across the plasma membrane, we have also measured the electrical potential for these cells using three different methods. Most interestingly, the magnitude of the plasma membrane electrical potential (delta psi) decreases concomitant with increased expression of the MDR protein. Energy provided by increased delta pH compensates for the lowered delta psi, such that the total electrochemical membrane potential (delta mu H+) remains similar among the cells in this series (delta mu H+ = delta psi - Z delta pH). These data, along with other recent experiments that associated an increased Cl- conductance with the expression of MDR protein [Valverde, M., Diaz, M., Sepúlveda, F.V., Gill, D.R., Hyde, S.C., & Higgins, C.F. (1992) Nature 355, 830-833], are consistent with a model for MDR protein-mediated multidrug resistance that does not entail direct active transport of lipophilic drugs by the MDR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Roepe
- Program in Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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174
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Malik S, Sami M, Watts A. A role for band 4.2 in human erythrocyte band 3 mediated anion transport. Biochemistry 1993; 32:10078-84. [PMID: 8399133 DOI: 10.1021/bi00089a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human erythrocyte band 3 was purified essentially free of peripheral proteins, in particular band 4.2, using affinity chromatography. Band 3 protein was then reconstituted into liposomes of lipid type and ratio approximating that of erythrocyte membranes. Stilbenedisulfonate inhibition of band 3 mediated efflux of radiolabeled sulfate from preloaded liposomes was used to test the functionality and correct orientation of the protein. When sulfate efflux, mediated by purified band 3, was compared with partially purified band 3, which contained detectable amounts of bands 4.1 and 4.2, a clear difference in efflux was measured. Sulfate efflux was approximately 30% faster from liposomes containing purified band 3 compared with those containing partially purified protein. In order to investigate further any specific effect of band 4.2 protein on band 3 mediated anion transport, band 4.2 was purified. Increasing amounts of band 4.2 were complexed with purified band 3 and then reconstituted into liposomes. Increasing amounts of band 4.2 complexed with band 3 caused a decrease in band 3 mediated anion transport. The effect of band 4.2 on band 3 mediated anion transport appears to be specific since increasing concentrations of band 4.2 added exogenously to band 3 in reconstituted vesicles (rather than complexed with band 3 before reconstitution) produced no significant changes in sulfate efflux. Further, when increasing amounts of band 4.2 were added to the functionally active transmembrane domain of band 3 and then reconstituted into vesicles, there was also no significant change in sulfate efflux.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, U.K
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175
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Bruce LJ, Kay MM, Lawrence C, Tanner MJ. Band 3 HT, a human red-cell variant associated with acanthocytosis and increased anion transport, carries the mutation Pro-868-->Leu in the membrane domain of band 3. Biochem J 1993; 293 ( Pt 2):317-20. [PMID: 8343110 PMCID: PMC1134360 DOI: 10.1042/bj2930317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
1. We have studied band 3 HT, a human red-cell band 3 variant with increased M(r), which is associated with abnormal red-cell shape (acanthocytosis) and increased anion-transport activity. 2. We have shown that the increased M(r) does not result from the presence of the band 3 Memphis mutation, and that the variant band 3 is covalently labelled by 4,4'-di-isothiocyanato-1,2-diphenylethane-2,2'-disulphonic acid (H2DIDS) less readily than normal. 3. cDNA cloning studies show that band 3 HT results from the mutation Pro-868-->Leu, and the possible significance of the mutation in the altered anion-transport activity and cytoskeleton binding properties of band 3 HT is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, U.K
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176
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Gascard P, Sauvage M, Sulpice JC, Giraud F. Characterization of structural and functional phosphoinositide domains in human erythrocyte membranes. Biochemistry 1993; 32:5941-8. [PMID: 8389583 DOI: 10.1021/bi00074a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the erythrocyte membrane, only a fraction (50-60%) of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) is rapidly turned over by specific kinases and phosphatases and accessible to hydrolysis by the polyphosphoinositide (PPI)-specific phospholipase C (PLC). To investigate whether the metabolic segregation of PPI resulted from preferential interactions with proteins, we have measured the accessibility of PPI to bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in native erythrocyte membranes, or after treatments designed to remove peripheral proteins and cytoplasmic domains of integral proteins. In native membranes, PPI, as well as the other major phospholipids, behaved as two distinct fractions (R1 and R2) differing by their sensitivity to PLA2. Such a behavior was not observed in PIP and PIP2 containing artificial vesicles. Evidence was provided that the highly sensitive fraction of PIP and PIP2 (R1) may be identical to the PLC-sensitive and rapidly metabolized pool. Removal of peripheral proteins, followed by proteolysis of the cytoplasmic domain of integral proteins, mainly glycophorins and band 3, led to a reduction of the R1 fraction of PIP and of PIP2. It is proposed that the rapidly metabolized pool of PIP2 and PIP, involved in the regulation of major cellular functions, would be maintained in its functional state through interactions with integral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gascard
- CNRS URA 1116, Université Paris XI, Orsay, France
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177
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Crandall I, Collins WE, Gysin J, Sherman IW. Synthetic peptides based on motifs present in human band 3 protein inhibit cytoadherence/sequestration of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:4703-7. [PMID: 8506322 PMCID: PMC46581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic peptides patterned on the amino acid sequences found in two exofacial regions of band 3 protein (residues 824-829 of loop 7 and residues 547-553 of loop 3) blocked, in a dose-dependent fashion, the in vitro adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to C32 amelanotic melanoma cells. Intravenous infusion of these synthetic peptides into Aotus and Saimiri monkeys infected with sequestering isolates of P. falciparum resulted in the appearance of mature forms of the parasite in the peripheral circulation. The finding that the peptides were effective as adhesion blockers in the micromolar range suggests that cerebral malaria could be managed through antiadhesion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Crandall
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside 92521
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178
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Ruetz S, Lindsey AE, Ward CL, Kopito RR. Functional activation of plasma membrane anion exchangers occurs in a pre-Golgi compartment. J Cell Biol 1993; 121:37-48. [PMID: 8458871 PMCID: PMC2119765 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.121.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Folding and oligomerization of most plasma membrane glycoproteins, including those involved in ion transport, occur in the ER and are frequently required for their exit from this organelle. It is currently unknown, however, where or when in the biosynthetic pathway these proteins become functionally active. AE1 and AE2 are tissue-specific, plasma membrane anion transport proteins. Transient expression of AE2 in a eukaryotic cell line leads to an increase in stilbene inhibitable whole cell 35SO4(2-)-efflux consistent with its function as a plasma membrane anion exchanger. No such increased transport activity was observed in AE1 transfectants, despite the fact that the two proteins were synthesized in roughly equal portions. In contrast, both AE1 and AE2 expression resulted in significant increase in Cl-/SO4(2-)-exchange in crude microsomes demonstrating that both AE1 and AE2 cDNAs encode functional proteins. Immunofluorescence staining and pulse-chase labeling experiments revealed that while 60% of AE2 is processed to the cell surface of transfectants, AE1 is restricted to an intracellular compartment and never acquires mature oligosaccharides. Crude microsomes from transfected cells were fractionated into plasma membrane and ER-derived vesicles by con A affinity chromatography. All of the AE1 and approximately half of the cellular AE2 was eluted with the ER vesicles, confirming their intracellular localization. Anion transport measurements on these fractions confirmed that the ER-restricted anion exchangers were functional. We conclude that AE1 and AE2 acquire the ability to mediate anion exchange at an early stage of their biosynthesis, before their exit from the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, California 94305-5020
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179
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Verma SP, Singhal A, Sonwalkar N. Ionizing radiation target groups of band 3 inserted into egg lecithin liposomes as determined by Raman spectroscopy. Int J Radiat Biol 1993; 63:279-88. [PMID: 8095277 DOI: 10.1080/09553009314550381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purified integral membrane protein, band 3, from human erythrocytes was inserted into egg lecithin liposomes. The insertion of band 3 was determined from thermal transition data from the analysis of the C--H stretching region bands recorded at temperatures from 25 to -22 degrees C. Raman spectra show that band 3 considerably broadens and lowers the thermal transition of egg lecithin liposomes, suggesting the insertion of band 3. The band 3-inserted liposomes were irradiated with gamma-rays (40 Gy) and the radiation target groups were determined by the analysis of the structural sensitive Raman bands in the 1600-1700 cm-1 (amide I), 1200-1300 cm-1 (amide III) and 550-1030 cm-1 (side chain amino groups) regions. The radiation-sensitive groups as identified from Raman spectra in the region 550-1030 cm-1 are tyrosines and cysteines. The radiation-induced changes in the secondary structure were determined from amide I and III bands. Quantitative estimation using the curve fitting method shows that band 3 contains 44% total helix, 48% beta strand and 8% undefined plus turns (error +/- 4%). The secondary structure changes to 35% total helix, 42% total beta-strand and 23% turned and undefined upon irradiating band 3 containing liposomes. We suggest that ionizing radiation preferably damages tyrosine and cysteine side chain residues and reduces the amount of alpha-helical configuration of band 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Verma
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
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180
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Janoshazi A, Solomon AK. Initial steps of alpha- and beta-D-glucose binding to intact red cell membrane. J Membr Biol 1993; 132:167-78. [PMID: 8496948 DOI: 10.1007/bf00239006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the initial phases of D-glucose binding to the glucose transport protein (GLUT1) of the human red cell can be followed by stopped-flow measurements of the time course of tryptophan (trp) fluorescence enhancement. A number of control experiments have shown that the trp fluorescence kinetics are the result of conformational changes in GLUT1. One shows that nontransportable L-glucose has no kinetic response, in contrast to D-glucose kinetics. Other controls show that D-glucose binding is inhibited by cytochalasin B and by extracellular D-maltose. A typical time course for a transportable sugar, such as D-glucose, consists of a zero-time displacement, too fast for us to measure, followed by three rapid reactions whose exponential time courses have rate constants of 0.5-100 sec-1 at 20 degrees C. It is suggested that the zero-time displacement represents the initial bimolecular ligand/GLUT1 association. Exponential 1 appears to be located at, or near, the external membrane face where it is involved in discriminating among the sugars. Exponential 3 is apparently controlled by events at the cytosolic face. Trp kinetics distinguish the Kd of the epimer, D-galactose, from the Kd for D-glucose, with results in agreement with determinations by other methods. Trp kinetics distinguish between the binding of the alpha- and beta-D-glucose anomers. The exponential 1 activation energy of the beta-anomer, 13.6 +/- 1.4 kcal mol-1, is less than that of alpha-D-glucose, 18.4 +/- 0.8 kcal mol-1, and the two Arrhenius lines cross at approximately 23.5 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the kinetic response following alpha-D-glucose binding illustrates the interplay among the exponentials and the increasing dominance of exponential 2 as the temperature increases from 22.3 to 36.6 degrees C. The existence of these interrelations means that previously acceptable approximations in simplified reaction schemes for sugar transport will now have to be justified on a point-to-point basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janoshazi
- Biophysical Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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181
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Batenjany MM, Mizukami H, Salhany JM. Near-UV circular dichroism of band 3. Evidence for intradomain conformational changes and interdomain interactions. Biochemistry 1993; 32:663-8. [PMID: 8422373 DOI: 10.1021/bi00053a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Near-UV circular dichroism (CD) was used to identify differences in the tertiary structure of human erythrocyte band 3, the chloride/bicarbonate exchange protein, consequent to covalent binding of anion transport inhibitors to the intramonomeric stilbenedisulfonate (ISD) site. Isolated intact band 3 and its membrane domain (B3MD) were compared. Spectral differences were observed which involved intradomain effects, in that they were seen both with intact band 3 and with B3MD, or interdomain effects, in that they were observed only for B3MD, but were inhibited when the cytoplasmic domain was attached. The intradomain effect involved a significant loss in optical activity in the Phe/Tyr region of the spectrum below 280 nm. It was seen only when the ISD site had stilbenedisulfonates bound covalently at pH 7.4. Raising the pH to 9.6 after adduct formation "normalized" this spectral change irreversibly. The interdomain effect was identified in the Trp spectral region at 292 nm. There was a significant increase in optical activity at 292 nm when bulky covalent ligands such as DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate) were bound to B3MD, but not when the same ligands were bound to intact band 3. These latter results offer evidence that certain aspects of the conformational response of the integral domain are inhibited by the presence of an attached cytoplasmic domain. The potential significance of interdomain interactions to band 3 function is discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Batenjany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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182
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Groves J, Tanner M. Glycophorin A facilitates the expression of human band 3-mediated anion transport in Xenopus oocytes. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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183
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Wang CC, Badylak JA, Lux SE, Moriyama R, Dixon JE, Low PS. Expression, purification, and characterization of the functional dimeric cytoplasmic domain of human erythrocyte band 3 in Escherichia coli. Protein Sci 1992; 1:1206-14. [PMID: 1304397 PMCID: PMC2142179 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560010913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic domain of the human erythrocyte membrane protein, band 3 (cdb3), contains binding sites for hemoglobin, several glycolytic enzymes, band 4.1, band 4.2, and ankyrin, and constitutes the major linkage between the membrane skeleton and the membrane. Although erythrocyte cdb3 has been partially purified from proteolyzed red blood cells, further separation of the water-soluble 43-kDa and 41-kDa proteolytic fragments has never been achieved. In order to obtain pure cdb3 for crystallization and site-directed mutagenesis studies, we constructed an expression plasmid that has a tandemly linked T7 promoter placed upstream of the N-terminal 379 amino acids of the erythrocyte band 3 gene. Comparison of several Escherichia coli strains led to the selection of the BL21 (DE3) strain containing the pLysS plasmid as the best host for efficient production of cdb3. About 10 mg of recombinant cdb3 can be easily purified from 4 L of E. coli culture in two simple steps. Comparison of cdb3 released from the red blood cell by proteolysis with recombinant cdb3 reveals that both have the same N-terminal sequence, secondary structure, and pH-dependent conformational change. The purified recombinant cdb3 is also a soluble stable dimer with the same Stokes radius as erythrocyte cdb3. The affinities of the two forms of cdb3 for ankyrin are essentially identical; however, recombinant cdb3 with its unblocked N-terminus exhibits a slightly lower affinity for aldolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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184
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Ideguchi H, Okubo K, Ishikawa A, Futata Y, Hamasaki N. Band 3-Memphis is associated with a lower transport rate of phosphoenolpyruvate. Br J Haematol 1992; 82:122-5. [PMID: 1419785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1992.tb04603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Band 3-Memphis is the most common variant of erythrocyte band 3 protein, in which a single amino acid substitution (Lys56-->Glu) in a cytoplasmic domain of band 3 has been found. We showed here that the prevalence of the variant was particularly higher in the Japanese population than that in other populations. The calculated gene frequency of the variant in Japanese was 0.156, which was about 4 times higher than that in Caucasian. Although it has been generally accepted that the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 bears no relation to anion transport activity, we found that the transport rate of phosphoenolpyruvate in erythrocytes of homozygotes was decreased to about 80% of that in control cells, and that of heterozygotes was at an intermediate level. The evidence indicates that some structural changes in the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 may have influence on the conformation of anion transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ideguchi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
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185
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A structural study of the membrane domain of band 3 by tryptic digestion. Conformational change of band 3 in situ induced by alkali treatment. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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186
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Jennings M, Smith J. Anion-proton cotransport through the human red blood cell band 3 protein. Role of glutamate 681. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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187
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Lundahl P, Watanabe Y, Takagi T. High-performance hydroxyapatite chromatography of integral membrane proteins and water-soluble proteins in complex with sodium dodecyl sulphate. J Chromatogr A 1992; 604:95-102. [PMID: 1322420 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins from human erythrocytes were fractionated in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on four types of high-performance hydroxyapatite columns. A column of 2-microns sintered hydroxyapatite beads from Asahi Optical (Tokyo, Japan) gave the best resolution. With this column, glycophorin was eluted early in a gradient of increasing sodium phosphate buffer concentration, the glucose transporter was eluted later in two zones, one of which contained this protein alone, and the anion transporter was eluted last. Water-soluble proteins applied in complex with SDS also separated reasonably well upon elution. The water-soluble proteins and the membrane proteins were all eluted mainly in the order of increasing polypeptide length, but with considerable individual variation. SDS-polypeptide complexes are probably adsorbed onto hydroxyapatite by the interaction of positively charged amino acid side groups with phosphate ions (at P-sites) and of negatively charged amino acid side groups and polypeptide-bound dodecyl sulphate anions with calcium ions (at C-sites). As a rule, the number of charged side groups and dodecyl sulphate anions, and thus the number of binding sites, increases with the polypeptide chain length, which explains the general order of release of the polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lundahl
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden
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188
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Yamaguchi T, Takata M, Kimoto E. High-Pressure Effect on the Radical Reduction of Spin Probes in Human Erythrocytes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1992. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.65.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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189
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Zhang ZH, Solomon AK. Effect of pCMBS on anion transport in human red cell membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1106:31-9. [PMID: 1316163 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(92)90218-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of binding of the mercurial sulfhydryl reagent, pCMBS (p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate), to the extracellular site(s) at which pCMBS inhibits water and urea transport across the human red cell membrane, have previously been characterized. To determine whether pCMBS binding alters Cl- transport, we measured Cl-/NO3- exchange by fluorescence enhancement, using the dye SPQ (6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium). An essentially instantaneous extracellular phase of pCMBS inhibition is followed by a much slower intracellular phase, correlated with pCMBS permeation. We attribute the instantaneous phase to competitive inhibition of Cl- binding to band 3 by the pCMBS anion. The ID50 of 2.0 +/- 0.1 mM agrees with other organic sulfonates, but is very much greater than that of pCMBS inhibition of urea and water transport, showing that pCMBS reaction with water and urea transport inhibition sites has no effect on anion exchange. The intracellular inhibition by 1 mM pCMBS (1 h) is apparently non-competitive with Ki = 5.5 +/- 6.3 mM, presumably an allosteric effect of pCMBS binding to an intracellular band 3-related sulfhydryl group. After N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) treatment to block these band 3 sulfhydryl groups, there is apparent non-competitive inhibition with Ki = 2.1 +/- 1.2 mM, which suggests that pCMBS reacts with one of the NEM-insensitive sulfhydryl groups on a protein that links band 3 to the cytoskeleton, perhaps ankyrin or bands 4.1 and 4.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Zhang
- Biophysical Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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190
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Yamaguchi T, Kimoto E. Inhibition of phosphate transport across the human erythrocyte membrane by chemical modification of sulfhydryl groups. Biochemistry 1992; 31:1968-73. [PMID: 1536838 DOI: 10.1021/bi00122a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of sulfhydryl-reactive reagents on phosphate transport across human erythrocyte membranes were examined using 31P NMR. Phosphate transport was significantly inhibited in erythrocytes treated with sulfhydryl modifiers such as N-ethylmaleimide, diamide, and Cu2+/o-phenanthroline. Quantitation of sulfhydryl groups in band 3 showed that the inhibition is closely associated with the decrease of sulfhydryl groups. Data from erythrocytes treated with diamide or Cu2+/o-phenanthroline demonstrated that intermolecular cross-linking of band 3 by oxidation of a sulfhydryl group, perhaps Cys-201 or Cys-317, decreases the phosphate influx by about 10%. The inhibition was reversed by reduction using dithiothreitol. These results suggest that sulfhydryl groups in the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 may play an important role in the regulation of anion exchange across the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Japan
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191
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Mohandas N, Winardi R, Knowles D, Leung A, Parra M, George E, Conboy J, Chasis J. Molecular basis for membrane rigidity of hereditary ovalocytosis. A novel mechanism involving the cytoplasmic domain of band 3. J Clin Invest 1992; 89:686-92. [PMID: 1737855 PMCID: PMC442903 DOI: 10.1172/jci115636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary ovalocytic red cells are characterized by a marked increase in membrane rigidity and resistance to invasion by malarial parasites. The underlying molecular defect in ovalocytes remained a mystery until Liu and colleagues (N. Engl. J. Med. 1990. 323:1530-38) made the surprising observation that the ovalocytic phenotype was linked to a structural polymorphism in band 3, the anion transporter. We have now defined the mutation in band 3 gene and established the biophysical sequelae of this mutation. This mutation involves the deletion of amino-acids 400-408 in the boundary between the cytoplasmic and the first transmembrane domains of band 3. The biophysical consequences of this mutation are a marked decrease in lateral mobility of band 3 and an increase in membrane rigidity. Based on these findings, we propose the following model for increased membrane rigidity. The mutation induces a conformational change in the cytoplasmic domain of band 3, leading to its entanglement in the skeletal protein network. This entanglement inhibits the normal unwinding and stretching of the spectrin tetramers necessary for membrane extension, leading to increased rigidity. These findings imply that the cytoplasmic domain of an integral membrane protein can have profound effects on membrane material behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mohandas
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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192
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Zero-length crosslinking of band 3 and glycophorin A in intact human erythrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-89547-9.50033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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193
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WOOD P. The anion exchange proteins: homology and secondary structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-89547-9.50037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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194
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HAMASAKI NAOTAKA, OKUBO KENSHI, KANG DONGCHON. Protein chemistry of the anion transport center of erythrocyte band 3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-89547-9.50013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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195
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Najfeld V, Ballard SG, Menninger J, Ward DC, Bouhassira EE, Schwartz RS, Nagel RL, Rybicki AC. The gene for human erythrocyte protein 4.2 maps to chromosome 15q15. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 50:71-5. [PMID: 1729896 PMCID: PMC1682530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.2 (P4.2), one of the major components of the red-blood-cell membrane, is located on the interior surface, where it binds with high affinity to the cytoplasmic domain of band 3. Individuals whose red blood cells are deficient in P4.2 have osmotically fragile, abnormally shaped cells and moderate hemolytic anemia. cDNA clones from both the 5' and the 3' coding regions of the P4.2 gene were used to map its chromosomal location by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The probes, individually or in combination, gave specific hybridization signals on chromosome 15. The hybridization locus was identified by combining fluorescence images of the probe signals with fluorescence banding patterns generated by Alu-PCR (R-like) probe and by DAPI staining (G-like). Our results demonstrate that the locus of the P4.2 gene is located within 15q15.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Najfeld
- Tumor Cytogenetics Laboratory, Polly Annenberg Levee Hematology Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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196
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Structure, molecular genetics and topology of the human red cell anion transporter (AE1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-89547-9.50007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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197
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Jarolim P, Palek J, Amato D, Hassan K, Sapak P, Nurse GT, Rubin HL, Zhai S, Sahr KE, Liu SC. Deletion in erythrocyte band 3 gene in malaria-resistant Southeast Asian ovalocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:11022-6. [PMID: 1722314 PMCID: PMC53065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.24.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is a hereditary condition that is widespread in parts of Southeast Asia. The ovalocytic erythrocytes are rigid and resistant to invasion by various malarial parasites. We have previously found that the underlying defect in SAO involves band 3 protein, the major transmembrane protein, which has abnormal structure and function. We now report two linked mutations in the erythrocyte band 3 gene in SAO: (i) a deletion of codons 400-408 and (ii) a substitution, A----G, in the first base of codon 56 leading to substitution of Lys-56 by Glu-56. The first defect leads to a deletion of nine amino acids in the boundary of cytoplasmic and membrane domains of band 3. This defect has been detected in all 30 ovalocytic subjects from Malaysia, the Philippines, and two unrelated coastal regions of Papua New Guinea, whereas it was absent in all 30 controls from Southeast Asia and 20 subjects of different ethnic origin from the United States. The Lys-56----Glu substitution has likewise been found in all SAO subjects. However, it has also been detected in 5 of the 50 control subjects, suggesting that it represents a linked polymorphism. We conclude that the deletion of codons 400-408 in the band 3 gene constitutes the underlying molecular defect in SAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jarolim
- Department of Biomedical Research, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Boston, MA
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198
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Okubo K, Hamasaki N, Hara K, Kageura M. Palmitoylation of cysteine 69 from the COOH-terminal of band 3 protein in the human erythrocyte membrane. Acylation occurs in the middle of the consensus sequence of F–I-IICLAVL found in band 3 protein and G2 protein of Rift Valley fever virus. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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199
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Horejsí V, Vlcek C. Novel structurally distinct family of leucocyte surface glycoproteins including CD9, CD37, CD53 and CD63. FEBS Lett 1991; 288:1-4. [PMID: 1879540 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80988-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several of the recently described leucocyte surface (glyco)-proteins with significant amino acid sequence similarity (human CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, TAPA-1, CO-029 and R2 and several homologues of other species) are distinguished by the polypeptide chain apparently four times crossing the membrane. Although the biological role of none of these molecules is known, their structure, associations with other membrane components and the effects of specific monoclonal antibodies suggest that they may constitute a family of ion channels or other transport molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Horejsí
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague
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200
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Kay MM, Marchalonis JJ, Schluter SF, Bosman G. Human erythrocyte aging: cellular and molecular biology. Transfus Med Rev 1991; 5:173-95. [PMID: 1840361 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-7963(91)70207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Kay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724
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