151
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Gao H, Volat F, Sandhow L, Galitzky J, Nguyen T, Esteve D, Åström G, Mejhert N, Ledoux S, Thalamas C, Arner P, Guillemot JC, Qian H, Rydén M, Bouloumié A. CD36 Is a Marker of Human Adipocyte Progenitors with Pronounced Adipogenic and Triglyceride Accumulation Potential. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1799-1814. [PMID: 28470788 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) expands in part through adipogenesis, a process involving fat cell generation and fatty acid (FA) storage into triglycerides (TGs). Several findings suggest that inter-individual and regional variations in adipogenesis are linked to metabolic complications. We aimed to identify cellular markers that define human adipocyte progenitors (APs) with pronounced adipogenic/TG storage ability. Using an unbiased single cell screen of passaged human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs), we identified cell clones with similar proliferation rates but discordant capabilities to undergo adipogenic differentiation. Transcriptomic analyses prior to induction of differentiation showed that adipogenic clones displayed a significantly higher expression of CD36, encoding the scavenger receptor CD36. CD36+ hADSCs, in comparison with CD36-cells, displayed almost complete adipogenic differentiation while CD36 RNAi attenuated lipid accumulation. Similar findings were observed in primary CD45-/CD34+/CD31-APs isolated from human WAT where the subpopulation of MSCA1+/CD36+ cells displayed a significantly higher differentiation degree/TG storage capacity than MSCA1+/CD36-cells. Functional analyses in vitro and ex vivo confirmed that CD36 conferred APs an increased capacity to take up FAs thereby facilitating terminal differentiation. Among primary APs from subcutaneous femoral, abdominal and visceral human WAT, the fraction of CD36+ cells was significantly higher in depots associated with higher adipogenesis and reduced metabolic risk (i.e., femoral WAT). We conclude that CD36 marks APs with pronounced adipogenic potential, most probably by facilitating lipid uptake. This may be of value in developing human adipocyte cell clones and possibly in linking regional variations in adipogenesis to metabolic phenotype. Stem Cells 2017;35:1799-1814.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adult
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Biological Transport
- CD36 Antigens/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD36 Antigens/genetics
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Triglycerides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanny Volat
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Team 1, INSERM and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex, 4, France
- Sanofi Aventis Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin, Cedex, France
| | - Lakshmi Sandhow
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge HERM, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean Galitzky
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Team 1, INSERM and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex, 4, France
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital L. Mourier (APHP), Colombes, Cedex, France
| | - David Esteve
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Team 1, INSERM and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex, 4, France
| | - Gaby Åström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Severine Ledoux
- Centre de L'obésité, Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital L. Mourier (APHP) and Faculté Paris Diderot, Colombes, Cedex, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- Centre D'investigation Clinique, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, Cedex, 3, France
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- Sanofi Aventis Research & Development, Translational Sciences, Biochemistry Team, Chilly-Mazarin, Cedex, France
| | - Hong Qian
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge HERM, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, C2-94, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Team 1, INSERM and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, Cedex, 4, France
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152
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Ji Q, Zhao Y, Yuan A, Pu J, He B. Deficiency of liver-X-receptor-α reduces glucose uptake and worsens post-myocardial infarction remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:489-495. [PMID: 28511797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα) is an endogenous protective receptor against ischemic heart diseases. However, whether LXRα regulated glucose metabolism in ischemic heart diseases has not been investigated. In this study we investigated the involvement of LXRα on glucose metabolism in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced in mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LCA). Genetic LXRα deletion significantly worsened cardiac remodeling and impaired cardiac function at 4 weeks after MI. Cardiac 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by positron emission tomography (PET) demonstrated that the FDG standardized uptake value (SUV) was significantly lower in LXRα-/- mice as compared to WT mice. Mechanistically, GLUT1/4 and AMPK phosphorylation were significantly downregulated while CD36 expression was markedly upregulated in LXRα-/- mice. This study demonstrated that deficiency of LXRα decreased glucose uptake after MI, resulting in a metabolic shift that suppressed glucose metabolism, which was in association with adverse cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqi Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 PuJian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 PuJian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ancai Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 PuJian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 PuJian Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 PuJian Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
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153
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From fat to FAT (CD36/SR-B2): Understanding the regulation of cellular fatty acid uptake. Biochimie 2017; 136:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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154
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Scerbo D, Son NH, Sirwi A, Zeng L, Sas KM, Cifarelli V, Schoiswohl G, Huggins LA, Gumaste N, Hu Y, Pennathur S, Abumrad NA, Kershaw EE, Hussain MM, Susztak K, Goldberg IJ. Kidney triglyceride accumulation in the fasted mouse is dependent upon serum free fatty acids. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1132-1142. [PMID: 28404638 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is a pathological feature of every type of kidney injury. Despite this striking histological feature, physiological accumulation of lipids in the kidney is poorly understood. We studied whether the accumulation of lipids in the fasted kidney are derived from lipoproteins or NEFAs. With overnight fasting, kidneys accumulated triglyceride, but had reduced levels of ceramide and glycosphingolipid species. Fasting led to a nearly 5-fold increase in kidney uptake of plasma [14C]oleic acid. Increasing circulating NEFAs using a β adrenergic receptor agonist caused a 15-fold greater accumulation of lipid in the kidney, while mice with reduced NEFAs due to adipose tissue deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase had reduced triglycerides. Cluster of differentiation (Cd)36 mRNA increased 2-fold, and angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), an LPL inhibitor, increased 10-fold. Fasting-induced kidney lipid accumulation was not affected by inhibition of LPL with poloxamer 407 or by use of mice with induced genetic LPL deletion. Despite the increase in CD36 expression with fasting, genetic loss of CD36 did not alter fatty acid uptake or triglyceride accumulation. Our data demonstrate that fasting-induced triglyceride accumulation in the kidney correlates with the plasma concentrations of NEFAs, but is not due to uptake of lipoprotein lipids and does not involve the fatty acid transporter, CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Scerbo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ni-Huiping Son
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kelli M Sas
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lesley-Ann Huggins
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Namrata Gumaste
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yunying Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Division of Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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155
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Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Brańska-Januszewska J, Ostrowska H, Chabowski A. Challenging of AS160/TBC1D4 Alters Intracellular Lipid milieu in L6 Myotubes Incubated With Palmitate. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2373-2386. [PMID: 27714805 PMCID: PMC5485047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) is a key regulator of GLUT4 translocation from intracellular depots to the plasma membrane in myocytes. Likely, AS160 also controls LCFAs transport, which requires relocation of fatty acid transporters. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of AS160 knockdown on lipid milieu in L6 myotubes incubated with palmitate (PA). Therefore, we compared two different settings, namely: 1) AS160 knockdown prior to palmitate incubation (pre-PA-silencing, AS160- /PA); 2) palmitate incubation with subsequent AS160 knockdown (post-PA-silencing, PA/AS160- ). The efficiency of AS160 silencing was checked at mRNA and protein levels. The expression and localization of FA transporters were determined using Western Blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Intracellular lipid content (FFA, DAG, TAG, and PL) and FA composition were estimated by GLC, whereas basal palmitate uptake was analyzed by means of scintigraphy. Both groups with silenced AS160 were characterized by a greater expression of FA transporters (FAT/CD36, FATP-1, 4) which had contributed to an increased FA cellular influx. Accordingly, we observed that post-PA-silencing of AS160 resulted in a marked decrement in DAG, TAG, and PL contents, but increased FFA content (PA/AS160- vs. PA). The opposite effect was observed in the group with pre-PA-silencing of AS160 in which AS160 knockdown did not affect the lipid pools (AS160- /PA vs. PA). Our results indicate that post-PA-silencing of AS160 has a capacity to decrease the lipotoxic effect(s) of PA by decreasing the content of lipids (DAG and PL) that promote insulin resistance in myotubes. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2373-2386, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Halina Ostrowska
- Department of Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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156
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Targeting endothelial metabolism for anti-angiogenesis therapy: A pharmacological perspective. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 90:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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157
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Arif A, Terenzi F, Potdar AA, Jia J, Sacks J, China A, Halawani D, Vasu K, Li X, Brown JM, Chen J, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Fox PL. EPRS is a critical mTORC1-S6K1 effector that influences adiposity in mice. Nature 2017; 542:357-361. [PMID: 28178239 PMCID: PMC5480610 DOI: 10.1038/nature21380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways that contribute to adiposity and ageing are activated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) axis. However, known mTORC1-S6K1 targets do not account for observed loss-of-function phenotypes, suggesting that there are additional downstream effectors of this pathway. Here we identify glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS) as an mTORC1-S6K1 target that contributes to adiposity and ageing. Phosphorylation of EPRS at Ser999 by mTORC1-S6K1 induces its release from the aminoacyl tRNA multisynthetase complex, which is required for execution of noncanonical functions of EPRS beyond protein synthesis. To investigate the physiological function of EPRS phosphorylation, we generated Eprs knock-in mice bearing phospho-deficient Ser999-to-Ala (S999A) and phospho-mimetic (S999D) mutations. Homozygous S999A mice exhibited low body weight, reduced adipose tissue mass, and increased lifespan, similar to S6K1-deficient mice and mice with adipocyte-specific deficiency of raptor, an mTORC1 constituent. Substitution of the EprsS999D allele in S6K1-deficient mice normalized body mass and adiposity, indicating that EPRS phosphorylation mediates S6K1-dependent metabolic responses. In adipocytes, insulin stimulated S6K1-dependent EPRS phosphorylation and release from the multisynthetase complex. Interaction screening revealed that phospho-EPRS binds SLC27A1 (that is, fatty acid transport protein 1, FATP1), inducing its translocation to the plasma membrane and long-chain fatty acid uptake. Thus, EPRS and FATP1 are terminal mTORC1-S6K1 axis effectors that are critical for metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Arif
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Fulvia Terenzi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Alka A Potdar
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Jessica Sacks
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Arnab China
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Dalia Halawani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Kommireddy Vasu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sara C Kozma
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, ICO, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Thomas
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, ICO, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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158
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Oxidative stress and calcium dysregulation by palmitate in type 2 diabetes. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e291. [PMID: 28154371 PMCID: PMC5336562 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are important substrates for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ATP synthesis but also cause serious stress to various tissues, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases. CD36 is a major mediator of cellular FFA uptake. Inside the cell, saturated FFAs are able to induce the production of cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be prevented by co-exposure to unsaturated FFAs. There are close connections between oxidative stress and organellar Ca2+ homeostasis. Highly oxidative conditions induced by palmitate trigger aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release and thereby deplete ER Ca2+ stores. The resulting ER Ca2+ deficiency impairs chaperones of the protein folding machinery, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. This ER stress may further aggravate oxidative stress by augmenting ER ROS production. Secondary to ER Ca2+ release, cytosolic and mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ concentrations can also be altered. In addition, plasmalemmal ion channels operated by ER Ca2+ depletion mediate persistent Ca2+ influx, further impairing cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload causes superoxide production and functional impairment, culminating in apoptosis. This vicious cycle of lipotoxicity occurs in multiple tissues, resulting in β-cell failure and insulin resistance in target tissues, and further aggravates diabetic complications.
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159
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d-Psicose, a sugar substitute, suppresses body fat deposition by altering networks of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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160
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Kim J, Lim K. Relationship between FAT/CD36 Protein in Skeletal Muscle and Whole-body Fat Oxidation in Endurance-trained Mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:48-52. [PMID: 28150475 PMCID: PMC5545196 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We investigated the effects of endurance training on the expression of long-chain fatty acid transport proteins in the skeletal muscle and whole-body fat oxidation during endurance exercise. [Methods] Seven-week-old male ICR mice (n = 12) were divided into 2 groups, namely, Sed (sedentary; non-trained) and Tr (endurance-trained) groups. The Tr group was adapted to treadmill training at a fixed intensity (15 m/min, 8° slope) for 3 days. Next, the exercise intensity was increased while maintaining the 8° slope. In the last week of training, the exercise intensity was set at 25 m/min for 50 min (about 70–75% maximal oxygen uptake for 4 weeks). After the protocol ended, the mice were sacrificed, and tissues were collected for western blot analysis. [Results] Four weeks of endurance training resulted in a significant increase in the protein levels of FAT/CD36 and CPTІ. The FAT/ CD36 protein level in the Tr group was about 1.3-fold greater than that in the Sed group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the increased CPTІ indicated higher activity (19% upregulation) in the Tr group compared to the Sed group (p < 0.05). The FAT/CD36 protein level and the estimated whole-body fat oxidation rate during 1-h exercise were found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.765, p < 0.01). [Conclusion] We suggest that the increase in FAT/CD36 protein in skeletal muscle by endurance training might be positively associated with whole-body fat oxidation, which might enhance endurance exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of health and exercise science, Korea National Sport University, Seoul Republic of Korea.,Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul Republic of Korea
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161
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Pascual G, Avgustinova A, Mejetta S, Martín M, Castellanos A, Attolini CSO, Berenguer A, Prats N, Toll A, Hueto JA, Bescós C, Di Croce L, Benitah SA. Targeting metastasis-initiating cells through the fatty acid receptor CD36. Nature 2016; 541:41-45. [PMID: 27974793 DOI: 10.1038/nature20791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 893] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fact that the identity of the cells that initiate metastasis in most human cancers is unknown hampers the development of antimetastatic therapies. Here we describe a subpopulation of CD44bright cells in human oral carcinomas that do not overexpress mesenchymal genes, are slow-cycling, express high levels of the fatty acid receptor CD36 and lipid metabolism genes, and are unique in their ability to initiate metastasis. Palmitic acid or a high-fat diet specifically boosts the metastatic potential of CD36+ metastasis-initiating cells in a CD36-dependent manner. The use of neutralizing antibodies to block CD36 causes almost complete inhibition of metastasis in immunodeficient or immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models of human oral cancer, with no side effects. Clinically, the presence of CD36+ metastasis-initiating cells correlates with a poor prognosis for numerous types of carcinomas, and inhibition of CD36 also impairs metastasis, at least in human melanoma- and breast cancer-derived tumours. Together, our results indicate that metastasis-initiating cells particularly rely on dietary lipids to promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pascual
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Avgustinova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefania Mejetta
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Martín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Castellanos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Berenguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Toll
- IMIM, Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona
| | - Juan Antonio Hueto
- Vall D´Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035 Spain
| | - Coro Bescós
- Vall D´Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035 Spain
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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162
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Cai Z, Feng S, Xiang X, Mai K, Ai Q. Effects of dietary phospholipid on lipase activity, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in large yellow croaker larvae (Larimichthys crocea). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 201:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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163
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The role of CD36 in the regulation of myocardial lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1450-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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164
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Matsuura K, Canfield K, Feng W, Kurokawa M. Metabolic Regulation of Apoptosis in Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 327:43-87. [PMID: 27692180 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a cellular suicide program that plays a critical role in development and human diseases, including cancer. Cancer cells evade apoptosis, thereby enabling excessive proliferation, survival under hypoxic conditions, and acquired resistance to therapeutic agents. Among various mechanisms that contribute to the evasion of apoptosis in cancer, metabolism is emerging as one of the key factors. Cellular metabolites can regulate functions of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins. In turn, p53, a regulator of apoptosis, also controls metabolism by limiting glycolysis and facilitating mitochondrial respiration. Consequently, with dysregulated metabolism and p53 inactivation, cancer cells are well-equipped to disable the apoptotic machinery. In this article, we review how cellular apoptosis is regulated and how metabolism can influence the signaling pathways leading to apoptosis, especially focusing on how glucose and lipid metabolism are altered in cancer cells and how these alterations can impact the apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K Canfield
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - W Feng
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - M Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
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165
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Costa DK, Huckestein BR, Edmunds LR, Petersen MC, Nasiri A, Butrico GM, Abulizi A, Harmon DB, Lu C, Mantell BS, Hartman DJ, Camporez JPG, O'Doherty RM, Cline GW, Shulman GI, Jurczak MJ. Reduced intestinal lipid absorption and body weight-independent improvements in insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed Park2 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E105-16. [PMID: 27166280 PMCID: PMC4967148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human diseases and results from mismatch of damage and repair over the life of the organelle. PARK2 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates mitophagy, a repair mechanism that selectively degrades damaged mitochondria. Deletion of PARK2 in multiple in vivo models results in susceptibility to stress-induced mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction. Surprisingly, Park2 knockout (KO) mice are protected from nutritional stress and do not develop obesity, hepatic steatosis or insulin resistance when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). However, these phenomena are casually related and the physiological basis for this phenotype is unknown. We therefore undertook a series of acute HFD studies to more completely understand the physiology of Park2 KO during nutritional stress. We find that intestinal lipid absorption is impaired in Park2 KO mice as evidenced by increased fecal lipids and reduced plasma triglycerides after intragastric fat challenge. Park2 KO mice developed hepatic steatosis in response to intravenous lipid infusion as well as during incubation of primary hepatocytes with fatty acids, suggesting that hepatic protection from nutritional stress was secondary to changes in energy balance due to altered intestinal triglyceride absorption. Park2 KO mice showed reduced adiposity after 1-wk HFD, as well as improved hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. These studies suggest that changes in intestinal lipid absorption may play a primary role in protection from nutritional stress in Park2 KO mice by preventing HFD-induced weight gain and highlight the need for tissue-specific models to address the role of PARK2 during metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Costa
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brydie R Huckestein
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lia R Edmunds
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Max C Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ali Nasiri
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gina M Butrico
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abudukadier Abulizi
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel B Harmon
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Canying Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin S Mantell
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert M O'Doherty
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Metabolic and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Metabolic and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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166
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis, for which hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society, and new therapeutic strategies are highly warranted. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is metabolically active in human adults. Although positron emission tomography-computed tomography using a glucose tracer is the golden standard to visualize and quantify the volume and activity of BAT, it has become clear that activated BAT combusts fatty acids rather than glucose. Here, we review the role of brown and beige adipocytes in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis, with evidence derived from both animal and human studies. On the basis of mainly data from animal models, we propose a model in which activated brown adipocytes use their intracellular triglyceride stores to generate fatty acids for combustion. BAT rapidly replenishes these stores by internalizing primarily lipoprotein triglyceride-derived fatty acids, generated by lipoprotein lipase-mediated hydrolysis of triglycerides, rather than by holoparticle uptake. As a consequence, BAT activation leads to the generation of lipoprotein remnants that are subsequently cleared via the liver provided that an intact apoE-low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway is present. Through these mechanisms, BAT activation reduces plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels and attenuates diet-induced atherosclerosis development. Initial studies suggest that BAT activation in humans may also reduce triglyceride and cholesterol levels, but potential antiatherogenic effects should be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geerte Hoeke
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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167
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Okuda K, Tong M, Dempsey B, Moore KJ, Gazzinelli RT, Silverman N. Leishmania amazonensis Engages CD36 to Drive Parasitophorous Vacuole Maturation. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005669. [PMID: 27280707 PMCID: PMC4900624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania amastigotes manipulate the activity of macrophages to favor their own success. However, very little is known about the role of innate recognition and signaling triggered by amastigotes in this host-parasite interaction. In this work we developed a new infection model in adult Drosophila to take advantage of its superior genetic resources to identify novel host factors limiting Leishmania amazonensis infection. The model is based on the capacity of macrophage-like cells, plasmatocytes, to phagocytose and control the proliferation of parasites injected into adult flies. Using this model, we screened a collection of RNAi-expressing flies for anti-Leishmania defense factors. Notably, we found three CD36-like scavenger receptors that were important for defending against Leishmania infection. Mechanistic studies in mouse macrophages showed that CD36 accumulates specifically at sites where the parasite contacts the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Furthermore, CD36-deficient macrophages were defective in the formation of the large parasitophorous vacuole typical of L. amazonensis infection, a phenotype caused by inefficient fusion with late endosomes and/or lysosomes. These data identify an unprecedented role for CD36 in the biogenesis of the parasitophorous vacuole and further highlight the utility of Drosophila as a model system for dissecting innate immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendi Okuda
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KO); (NS)
| | - Mei Tong
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian Dempsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Neal Silverman
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KO); (NS)
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168
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Moore KJ, Goldberg IJ. Emerging Roles of PCSK9: More Than a One-Trick Pony. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:211-2. [PMID: 26819460 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Moore
- From the Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology (K.J.M.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine.
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From the Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology (K.J.M.) and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (I.J.G.), New York University School of Medicine
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169
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Abumrad NA, Goldberg IJ. CD36 actions in the heart: Lipids, calcium, inflammation, repair and more? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1442-9. [PMID: 27004753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD36 is a multifunctional immuno-metabolic receptor with many ligands. One of its physiological functions in the heart is the high-affinity uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) from albumin and triglyceride rich lipoproteins. CD36 deletion markedly reduces myocardial FA uptake in rodents and humans. The protein is expressed on endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes and at both sites is likely to contribute to FA uptake by the myocardium. CD36 also transduces intracellular signaling events that influence how the FA is utilized and mediate metabolic effects of FA in the heart. CD36 transduced signaling regulates AMPK activation in a way that adjusts oxidation to FA uptake. It also impacts remodeling of myocardial phospholipids and eicosanoid production, effects exerted via influencing intracellular calcium (iCa(2+)) and the activation of phospholipases. Under excessive FA supply CD36 contributes to lipid accumulation, inflammation and dysfunction. However, it is also important for myocardial repair after injury via its contribution to immune cell clearance of apoptotic cells. This review describes recent progress regarding the multiple actions of CD36 in the heart and highlights those areas requiring future investigation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States..
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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170
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Dolinsky VW, Cole LK, Sparagna GC, Hatch GM. Cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolism in heart failure: Role of cardiolipin and sirtuins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1544-54. [PMID: 26972373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids accounts for the majority of cardiac ATP production in the heart. Fatty acid utilization by cardiac mitochondria is controlled at the level of fatty acid uptake, lipid synthesis, mobilization and mitochondrial import and oxidation. Consequently defective mitochondrial function appears to be central to the development of heart failure. Cardiolipin is a key mitochondrial phospholipid required for the activity of the electron transport chain. In heart failure, loss of cardiolipin and tetralinoleoylcardiolipin helps to fuel the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species that are a by-product of inefficient mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I and III. In this vicious cycle, reactive oxygen species generate lipid peroxides and may, in turn, cause oxidation of cardiolipin catalyzed by cytochrome c leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Hence, preservation of cardiolipin and mitochondrial function may be keys to the prevention of heart failure development. In this review, we summarize cardiac energy metabolism and the important role that fatty acid uptake and metabolism play in this process and how defects in these result in heart failure. We highlight the key role that cardiolipin and sirtuins play in cardiac mitochondrial β-oxidation. In addition, we review the potential of pharmacological modulation of cardiolipin through the polyphenolic molecule resveratrol as a sirtuin-activator in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we provide novel experimental evidence that resveratrol treatment increases cardiolipin in isolated H9c2 cardiac myocytes and tetralinoleoylcardiolipin in the heart of the spontaneously hypertensive rat and hypothesize that this leads to improvement in mitochondrial function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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171
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Jayewardene AF, Mavros Y, Reeves A, Hancock DP, Gwinn T, Rooney KB. Interactions Between Fatty Acid Transport Proteins, Genes That Encode for Them, and Exercise: A Systematic Review. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1671-87. [PMID: 26638980 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) movement into skeletal muscle involves a highly mediated process in which lipid rafts are utilized in the cellular membrane, involving numerous putative plasma membrane-associated LCFA transport proteins. The process of LCFA uptake and oxidation is of particular metabolic significance both at rest and during light to moderate exercise. A comprehensive systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to investigate whether exercise alters protein and/or gene expression of putative LCFA transport proteins. There were 31 studies meeting all eligibility criteria, of these 13 utilized an acute exercise protocol and 18 examined chronic exercise adaptations. Seventeen involved a study design incorporating an exercise stimulus, while the remaining 14 incorporated a combined exercise and diet stimulus. Divergent data relating to acute exercise, as well as prolonged exercise training (≥3 weeks), on protein content (PC) response was identified for proteins CD36, FABPpm and CAV1. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) data did not always correspond to functional PC, supporting previous suggestions of a disconnect due to potentially limiting factors post gene expression. The large array of study designs, cohorts, and primary dependent variables within the studies included in the present review elucidate the complexity of the interaction between exercise and LCFA transport proteins. Summary of the results in the present review validate the need for further targeted investigation within this topic, and provide an important information base for such research. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1671-1687, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avindra F Jayewardene
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anneliese Reeves
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dale P Hancock
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom Gwinn
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kieron B Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
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172
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Wilson CG, Tran JL, Erion DM, Vera NB, Febbraio M, Weiss EJ. Hepatocyte-Specific Disruption of CD36 Attenuates Fatty Liver and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in HFD-Fed Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:570-85. [PMID: 26650570 PMCID: PMC4733118 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD36/FAT (fatty acid translocase) is associated with human and murine nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but it has been unclear whether it is simply a marker or whether it directly contributes to disease pathogenesis. Mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2L mice) have increased circulating free fatty acids (FAs), dramatically increased hepatic CD36 expression and profound fatty liver. To investigate the role of elevated CD36 in the development of fatty liver, we studied two models of hepatic steatosis, a genetic model (JAK2L mice) and a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatosis model. We deleted Cd36 specifically in hepatocytes of JAK2L mice to generate double knockouts and from wild-type mice to generate CD36L single-knockout mice. Hepatic Cd36 disruption in JAK2L livers significantly improved steatosis by lowering triglyceride, diacylglycerol, and cholesterol ester content. The largest differences in liver triglycerides were in species comprised of oleic acid (C18:1). Reduction in liver lipids correlated with an improvement in the inflammatory markers that were elevated in JAK2L mice, namely aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase. Cd36 deletion in mice on HFD (CD36L-HFD) reduced liver lipid content and decreased hepatic 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-FA uptake as compared with CON-HFD. Additionally, CD36L-HFD mice had improved whole-body insulin sensitivity and reduced liver and serum inflammatory markers. Therefore, CD36 directly contributes to development of fatty liver under conditions of elevated free FAs by modulating the rate of FA uptake by hepatocytes. In HFD-fed animals, disruption of hepatic Cd36 protects against associated systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camella G Wilson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (C.G.W., J.L.T., E.J.W.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (D.M.E., N.B.V.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; and School of Dentistry (M.F.), University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Jennifer L Tran
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (C.G.W., J.L.T., E.J.W.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (D.M.E., N.B.V.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; and School of Dentistry (M.F.), University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Derek M Erion
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (C.G.W., J.L.T., E.J.W.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (D.M.E., N.B.V.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; and School of Dentistry (M.F.), University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Nicholas B Vera
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (C.G.W., J.L.T., E.J.W.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (D.M.E., N.B.V.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; and School of Dentistry (M.F.), University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (C.G.W., J.L.T., E.J.W.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (D.M.E., N.B.V.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; and School of Dentistry (M.F.), University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Ethan J Weiss
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (C.G.W., J.L.T., E.J.W.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (D.M.E., N.B.V.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; and School of Dentistry (M.F.), University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2E1
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173
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New molecular insights in diabetic nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:373-87. [PMID: 26759327 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents one of the major causes of functional kidney impairment. The review highlights the most significant steps made over the last decades in understanding the molecular basis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which may provide reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis, along with new molecular targets for personalized medicine. There is an increased interest in developing new therapeutic strategies to slow DN progression for improving patients' quality of life and reducing all-cause morbidity and disease-associated mortality. It is highly important to have a science-based medical attitude when facing diabetic patients with associated comorbidities and risk of rapid evolution toward end-stage renal disease. The data discussed herein were mainly from MEDLINE and PubMed articles published in English from 1990 to 2015 and from up-to-date. The search term was "diabetic nephropathy and oxidative stress".
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174
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Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Protein Metabolism by AMPK. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2016; 107:23-43. [PMID: 27812975 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes AMPK function in the regulation of substrate and energy metabolism with the main emphasis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, protein turnover, mitochondrial biogenesis, and whole-body energy homeostasis. AMPK acts as whole-body energy sensor and integrates different signaling pathway to meet both cellular and body energy requirements while inhibiting energy-consuming processes but also activating energy-producing ones. AMPK mainly promotes glucose and fatty acid catabolism, whereas it prevents protein, glycogen, and fatty acid synthesis.
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175
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Regueira M, Riera MF, Galardo MN, Camberos MDC, Pellizzari EH, Cigorraga SB, Meroni SB. FSH and bFGF regulate the expression of genes involved in Sertoli cell energetic metabolism. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 222:124-33. [PMID: 26315388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate if FSH and bFGF regulate fatty acid (FA) metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in Sertoli cells (SC). SC cultures obtained from 20-day-old rats were incubated with 100ng/ml FSH or 30ng/ml bFGF for 6, 12, 24 and 48h. The expression of genes involved in transport and metabolism of FA such as: fatty acid transporter CD36 (FAT/CD36), carnitine-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), long- and medium-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases (LCAD, MCAD), and of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis such as: nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1, NRF2) and transcription factor A (Tfam), was analyzed. FSH stimulated FAT/CD36, CPT1, MCAD, NRF1, NRF2 and Tfam mRNA levels while bFGF only stimulated CPT1 expression. A possible participation of PPARβ/δ activation in the regulation of gene expression and lactate production was then evaluated. SC cultures were incubated with FSH or bFGF in the presence of the PPARβ/δ antagonist GSK3787 (GSK; 20μM). bFGF stimulation of CPT1 expression and lactate production were inhibited by GSK. On the other hand, FSH effects were not inhibited by GSK indicating that FSH regulates the expression of genes involved in FA transport and metabolism and in mitochondrial biogenesis, independently of PPARβ/δ activation. FA oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis as well as lactate production are essential for the energetic metabolism of the seminiferous tubule. The fact that these processes are regulated by hormones in a different way reflects the multifarious regulation of molecular mechanisms involved in Sertoli cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Regueira
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá", CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EDF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Riera
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá", CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EDF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Noel Galardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá", CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EDF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Camberos
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá", CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EDF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Herminia Pellizzari
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá", CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EDF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Selva Beatriz Cigorraga
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá", CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EDF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Beatriz Meroni
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá", CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EDF Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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176
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Stinkens R, Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Targeting fatty acid metabolism to improve glucose metabolism. Obes Rev 2015; 16:715-57. [PMID: 26179344 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut and pancreas play an important role in the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alterations in diet composition may contribute to prevent and/or reverse these disturbances through modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Besides an increased fat mass, adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by an altered capacity to store lipids and an altered secretion of adipokines, may result in lipid overflow, systemic inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues like liver, skeletal muscle and the pancreas. These impairments together promote the development of impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, intrinsic functional impairments in either of these organs may contribute to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. The present review provides an overview of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and gut, which can be targeted by diet or food components, thereby improving glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stinkens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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177
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Gan L, Liu Z, Cao W, Zhang Z, Sun C. FABP4 reversed the regulation of leptin on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in mice adipocytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13588. [PMID: 26310911 PMCID: PMC4550852 DOI: 10.1038/srep13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), plays key role in fatty acid transportation and oxidation, and increases with leptin synergistically during adipose inflammation process. However, the regulation mechanism between FABP4 and leptin on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation remains unclear. In this study, we found that FABP4 reduced the expression of leptin, CPT-1 and AOX1 in mice adipocytes. Conversely, FABP4 was down-regulated in a time-dependent manner by leptin treatment. Additionally, forced expression of FABP4 attenuated the expression of PGC1-α, UCP2, CPT-1, AOX1 and COX2 compared with leptin incubation. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential, fatty acid oxidation enzyme medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and Cyt C levels were reduced in response to the overexpression of FABP4. These reductions correspond well with the reduced release of free fatty acid and the inactivation of mitochondrial complexes I and III by FABP4 overexpression. Furthermore, addition of the Akt/mTOR pathway-specific inhibitor (MK2206) blocked the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiration factors, whereas interference of FABP4 overcame these effects. Taken together, FABP4 could reverse the activation of the leptin-induced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and the inhibition of Akt/mTOR signal pathway played a key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weina Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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178
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Hepatic genome-wide expression of lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity rats treated with cocoa polyphenols. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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179
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Lee S, Eguchi A, Tsuzuki S, Matsumura S, Inoue K, Iwanaga T, Masuda D, Yamashita S, Fushiki T. Expression of CD36 by Olfactory Receptor Cells and Its Abundance on the Epithelial Surface in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133412. [PMID: 26186589 PMCID: PMC4506127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a transmembrane protein that is involved in the recognition of certain amphiphilic molecules such as polar lipids in various tissues and body fluids. So far, CD36 homologues in insects have been demonstrated to be present on the surface of olfactory dendrites and to participate in the perception of exogenous compounds. However, little is known about the relationship between CD36 and mammalian olfaction. Indeed, the detection of only CD36 mRNA in the mouse olfactory epithelium has been reported to date. In the present study, to provide potential pieces of evidence for the involvement of CD36 in mammalian olfactory perception, we extensively investigated the localisation of this protein in the mouse olfactory mucosa. In situ hybridisation analysis using antisense oligonucleotides to CD36 mRNA detected aggregated signals within the deeper epithelial layer of olfactory mucosa. The mRNA signals were also detected consistently in the superficial layer of the olfactory epithelium, which is occupied by supporting cells. Immunostaining with an anti-CD36 polyclonal antibody revealed that CD36 localises in the somata and dendrites of distinct olfactory receptor cells and that it occurs abundantly on the olfactory epithelial surface. However, immunoreactive CD36 was rarely detectable in the nerve bundles running in the lamina propria of olfactory mucosa, the axons forming the olfactory nerve layer in the outermost layer of the bulb and axon terminals in the glomeruli. We also obtained electron microscopic evidence for the association of CD36 protein with olfactory cilia. Altogether, we suggest that CD36 plays a role in the mammalian olfaction. In addition, signals for CD36 protein were also detected on or around the microvilli of olfactory supporting cells and the cilia of nasal respiratory epithelium, suggesting a role for this protein other than olfaction in the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhye Lee
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ai Eguchi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuzuki
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Community Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Fushiki
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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180
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Prosteatotic genes are associated with unsaturated fat suppression of saturated fat-induced hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice. Nutr Res 2015; 35:812-22. [PMID: 26277244 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both high sugar and fat diets can induce prosteatotic genes, leading to obesity and obesity-associated diseases, including hepatic steatosis. Unsaturated fat/fatty acid (USFA) reduces high sugar-induced hepatic steatosis by inhibiting the induced prosteatotic genes. In contrast, it is still unclear how USFA ameliorates saturated fat/fatty acid (SFA)-induced hepatic steatosis. As sugar and fat have different transport and metabolic pathways, we hypothesized that USFA suppressed SFA-induced hepatic steatosis via a different set of prosteatotic genes. To test this, we implemented high SFA vs USFA diets and a control diet in C57BL/6 mice for 16 weeks. Severe hepatic steatosis was induced in mice fed the SFA diet. Among a nearly complete set of prosteatotic genes, only the stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 (Scd1), cluster of differentiation 36 (Cd36), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ) genes that were differentially expressed in the liver could contribute to SFA-induced steatosis or the alleviative effect of USFA. That is, the SFA diet induced the expression of Cd36 and Pparγ but not Scd1, and the USFA diet suppressed Scd1 expression and the induction of Cd36 and Pparγ. These findings were mainly recapitulated in cultured hepatocytes. The essential roles of SCD1 and CD36 were confirmed by the observation that the suppression of SCD1 and CD36 with small interfering RNA or drug treatment ameliorated SFA-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. We thus concluded that SCD1, CD36, and PPARγ were essential to the suppression of SFA-induced hepatic steatosis by main dietary USFA, which may provide different therapeutic targets for reducing high-fat vs sugar-induced hepatic steatosis.
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181
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Berger E, Héraud S, Mojallal A, Lequeux C, Weiss-Gayet M, Damour O, Géloën A. Pathways commonly dysregulated in mouse and human obese adipose tissue: FAT/CD36 modulates differentiation and lipogenesis. Adipocyte 2015; 4:161-80. [PMID: 26257990 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.987578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to adipose tissue hypertrophy (increased adipocyte cell size) and hyperplasia (increased cell number). Comparative analyses of gene datasets allowed us to identify 1426 genes which may represent common adipose phenotype in humans and mice. Among them we identified several adipocyte-specific genes dysregulated in obese adipose tissue, involved in either fatty acid storage (acyl CoA synthase ACSL1, hormone-sensitive lipase LIPE, aquaporin 7 AQP7, perilipin PLIN) or cell adhesion (fibronectin FN1, collagens COL1A1, COL1A3, metalloprotein MMP9, or both (scavenger receptor FAT/CD36). Using real-time analysis of cell surface occupancy on xCELLigence system we developed a new method to study lipid uptake and differentiation of mouse 3T3L1 fibroblasts and human adipose stem cells. Both processes are regulated by insulin and fatty acids such as oleic acid. We showed that fatty acid addition to culture media increased the differentiation rate and was required for full differentiation into unilocular adipocytes. Significant activation of lipogenesis, i.e. lipid accumulation, by either insulin or oleic acid was monitored in times ranging from 1 to 24 h, depending on differentiation state, whereas significant effects on adipogenesis, i.e., surperimposed lipid accumulation and gene transcriptional regulations were measured after 3 to 4 d. Combination of selected times for analysis of lipid contents, cell counts, size fractionations, and gene transcriptional regulations showed that FAT/CD36 specific inhibitor AP5258 significantly increased cell survival of oleic acid-treated mouse and human adipocytes, and partially restored the transcriptional response to oleic acid in the presence of insulin through JNK pathway. Taken together, these data open new perspectives to study the molecular mechanisms commonly dysregulated in mouse and human obesity at the level of lipogenesis linked to hypertrophy and adipogenesis linked to hyperplasia.
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Key Words
- (h)ASCs, (human)adipose stem cells
- (h)dA, (human) adipocytes differentiated in vitro
- ACSL1, Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1
- AQP7, aquaporin 7
- BSA, bovine serum albumin, lipid-free
- CEBPA, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α
- CIDEA &
- CIDEC, cell death-inducing DFFA-like effectors a and c
- COL1A1 &
- COL1A3, Collagens 1 α
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FABP1 and 4, fatty acid binding proteins 1 and 4
- FAT/CD36, fatty acid translocase
- FCS, foetal calf serum
- FN1, fibronectin
- GO, Gene Ontology
- HSPG, heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- IBMX, isobutylmethylxanthine
- IL6, interleukin 6
- JNK, Jun-NH2 kinase
- LIPE, hormone-sensitive lipase
- MMP9, matrix metallopeptidase 9
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PLIN, perilipin
- PPARG, peroxisome-proliferator receptor gamma
- RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- RTCA, Real-time Cell Analyzer
- TA, adipose tissue
- TNFA, tumor necrosis factor α
- adipogenesis
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- bio-informatics
- fatty acid
- lipogenesis
- obesity
- real-time cell analysis
- subunits 1 and 3
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182
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Abstract
Although diabetes is mainly diagnosed based on elevated glucose levels, dyslipidemia is also observed in these patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a frequent occurrence in patients with diabetes, is associated with major abnormalities in circulating lipoproteins and renal lipid metabolism. At baseline, most renal epithelial cells rely on fatty acids as their energy source. CKD, including that which occurs in diabetes, is characterized by tubule epithelial lipid accumulation. Whether this is due to increased uptake or greater local fatty acid synthesis is unknown. We have recently shown that CKD also leads to decreased fatty acid oxidation, which might be an additional mechanism leading to lipid accumulation. Defective fatty acid utilization causes energy depletion resulting in increased apoptosis and dedifferentiation, which in turn contributes to fibrosis and CKD progression. Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in the kidney induced by fenofibrate, a peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α agonist, showed benefit in mouse models of CKD. Fenofibrate treatment also reduced albuminuria in patients with diabetes in multiple clinical trials. Taken together, these findings suggest that further understanding of lipid metabolism in diabetic kidney disease may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Division of Nephrology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 405 Clinical Research Building, 415 CRB, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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183
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Hafizi Abu Bakar M, Kian Kai C, Wan Hassan WN, Sarmidi MR, Yaakob H, Zaman Huri H. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a central event for mechanisms underlying insulin resistance: the roles of long chain fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:453-75. [PMID: 25139820 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress prior to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, a number of mechanisms have been proposed to link these syndromes together, but it remains unclear what the unifying condition that triggered these events in the progression of this metabolic disease. There have been a steady accumulation of data in numerous experimental studies showing the strong correlations between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that the raised plasma free fatty acid level induced insulin resistance with the significant alteration of oxidative metabolism in various target tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. In this review, we herein propose the idea of long chain fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions as one of the key events in the pathophysiological development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipotoxicity, inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of mitochondrial gene subset expressions are the most detrimental that lead to the developments of aberrant intracellular insulin signalling activity in a number of peripheral tissues, thereby leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Kian Kai
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Najihah Wan Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Investigation Centre, 13th Floor Main Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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184
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Tarhda Z, Ibrahimi A. Insight into the mechanism of lipids binding and uptake by CD36 receptor. Bioinformation 2015; 11:302-6. [PMID: 26229291 PMCID: PMC4512005 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein CD36 is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family. It plays a crucial role in some cardiovascular pathologies and metabolic diseases. Studying the mechanism of action of CD36 receptor is limited due to the absence of its tridimensional crystallized structure. The molecular docking method has allowed us to perform various simulation of the CD36 receptor interaction with their ligands involved in the development of some diseases. In this work, we predicted a tridimensional structure model of CD36 extracellular domain. In addition, we have achieved several tests of rigid and flexible docking by acting on residues proposed in previous experimental researches as essential in fixing of LFCAs. Furthermore, we have acted on regions that appear a key binding site of LFCAs. The physicoc hemical evaluation indicated the reliability of the proposed CD36 structure used for different molecular docking tests. Based on the docking outcome, we were able to propose the different steps of the mechanism allowing the interaction of fatty acids on CD36 receptor and their penetration into the cell cytoplasm. The obtained results and taking in consideration CD36 receptor as a therapeutic target will help us to suggest the mechanism by which an antagonist may inhibit this receptor by acting on its extracellular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Tarhda
- Biotechnology lab (MedBiotech), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Azeddine Ibrahimi
- Biotechnology lab (MedBiotech), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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185
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Abstract
Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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186
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Cheng W, Wu P, Du Y, Wang Y, Zhou N, Ge Y, Yang Z. Puerarin improves cardiac function through regulation of energy metabolism in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic mice after myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1108-14. [PMID: 26079885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that the incidence of heart failure and the risk of death is high in diabetic patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Accumulating evidence showed that puerarin (PUE) has protecting function on both cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim of this study is to explore whether puerarin could improve cardiac function in diabetic mice after MI and the underlying mechanism. The left anterior of Streptozotocin (STZ)-Nicotinamide (NA) induced diabetic mice were ligated permanently except for the Shame group. Then the operated mice were randomly treated with PUE or saline. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiograph before and at 1, 2, 4 weeks after MI. GLUT4/CD36/p-Akt/PPAR α of the heart was examined after treatment for 4 weeks. The results indicated that PUE significantly increased survival rate, improved cardiac function compared with MI group. Moreover, PUE increased expression and translocation of GLUT4 while attenuated expression and translocation of CD36. Western blot analysis showed that PUE enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and decreased PPAR α. This study demonstrated that PUE improved cardiac function after MI in diabetic mice through regulation of energy metabolism, the possible mechanism responsible for the effect of PUE was increasing the expression and translocation of GLUT4 while attenuating the expression and translocation of CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqiang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunle Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningtian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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187
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Zhang Y, Bao M, Dai M, Wang X, He W, Tan T, Lin D, Wang W, Wen Y, Zhang R. Cardiospecific CD36 suppression by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference prevents cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction in high-fat-diet induced obese mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:69. [PMID: 26036798 PMCID: PMC4464858 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid (FA) catabolism abnormality has been proved to play an important role in obesity-related cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that cardiospecific suppression of CD36, the predominant membrane FA transporter, would protect against obesity-related cardiomyopathy. Methods Four-wk-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed with either high-fat-diet (HFD) or control-normal-diet for 2 wk. Then they were subjected to intramyocardial injection with recombinant lentiviral vectors containing short hairpin RNAs to selectively downregulate the expression of either cardiac CD36 or irrelevant gene by RNA interference. After a 10-wk continuation of the diet, biochemical, functional, morphological, histological, metabolic and molecular profiles were assessed. Results HFD administration elicited obesity, cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction accompanied with elevated serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, fasting serum glucose (FSG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride. Additionally, HFD consumption promoted lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the cardiomyocytes. Cardiospecific CD36 inhibition protected against HFD induced cardiac remodeling by decreasing heart/body weight ratio, increasing left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and fractional shortening as well as normalizing LV diameter, without influencing body weight gain. Inhibition of cardiac CD36 also mitigated obesity induced alteration in BUN, creatinine and triglyceride, but had no effect on FSG or TC. Moreover, cardiospecific CD36 deficiency corrected myocardial lipid overaccumulation and intracellular ROS overproduction that were induced by HFD feeding. Conclusions Cardiospecific CD36 inhibition protects against the aggravation of cardiac functional and morphological changes associated with HFD induced obesity. CD36 represents a potential therapeutic target for obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Mingyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Wenbo He
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Peoples Republic of China.
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188
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex, multicellular organ that profoundly influences the function of nearly all other organ systems through its diverse metabolite and adipokine secretome. Adipocytes are the primary cell type of adipose tissue and play a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis. The efficiency with which adipose tissue responds to whole-body energetic demands reflects the ability of adipocytes to adapt to an altered nutrient environment, and has profound systemic implications. Deciphering adipocyte cell biology is an important component of understanding how the aberrant physiology of expanding adipose tissue contributes to the metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Rutkowski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jennifer H Stern
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Constantinescu S, Turcotte LP. Amelioration of palmitate-induced metabolic dysfunction in L6 muscle cells expressing low levels of receptor-interacting protein 140. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:913-22. [PMID: 26406163 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that reduced expression of receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) alters the regulation of fatty-acid (FA) oxidation in muscle. To determine whether a high level of FA availability alters the effects of RIP140 on metabolic regulation, L6 myotubes were transfected with or without RNA interference oligonucleotide sequences to reduce RIP140 expression, and then incubated with high levels of palmitic acid, with or without insulin. High levels of palmitate reduced basal (53%-58%) and insulin-treated (24%-44%) FA uptake and oxidation, and increased basal glucose uptake (88%). In cells incubated with high levels of palmitate, low RIP140 increased basal FA uptake and insulin-treated FA oxidation and glucose uptake, and decreased basal glucose uptake and insulin-treated FA uptake. Under basal conditions, low RIP140 increased the mRNA content of FAT/CD36 (159%) and COX4 (61%), as well as the protein content of Nur77 (68%), whereas the mRNA expression of FGF21 (50%) was decreased, as was the protein content of CPT1b (35%) and FGF21 (44%). Under insulin-treated conditions, low RIP140 expression increased the mRNA content of MCAD (84%) and Nur77 (84%), as well as the protein content of Nur77 (23%). Thus, a low level of RIP140 restores the rates of FA uptake in the basal state, in part via a reduction in upstream insulin signaling. Our data also indicate that the protein expression of Nur77 may be modulated by RIP140 when muscle cells are metabolically challenged by high levels of palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Constantinescu
- b Department of Math and Science, Marymount California University, Rancho Palos Verdes, California, USA
| | - Lorraine P Turcotte
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3560 Watt Way, PED 107, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA
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190
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Hepatic fatty acid uptake is regulated by the sphingolipid acyl chain length. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1841:1754-66. [PMID: 25241943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) null mice cannot synthesize very-long acyl chain (C22-C24) ceramides resulting in significant alterations in the acyl chain composition of sphingolipids. We now demonstrate that hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) levels are reduced in the liver but not in the adipose tissue or skeletal muscle of the CerS2 null mouse, both before and after feeding with a high fat diet (HFD), where no weight gain was observed and large hepatic nodules appeared. Uptake of both BODIPY-palmitate and [VH]-palmitate was also abrogated in the hepa- tocytes and liver. The role of a number of key proteins involved in fatty acid uptake was examined, including FATP5, CD36/FAT, FABPpm and cytoplasmic FABP1. Levels of FATP5 and FABP1 were decreased in the CerS2 null mouse liver, whereas CD36/FAT levels were significantly elevated and CD36/FAT was also mislocalized upon insulin treatment. Moreover, treatment of hepatocytes with C22-C24-ceramides down-regulated CD36/FAT levels. Infection of CerS2 null mice with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-CerS2 restored normal TG levels and corrected the mislocalization of CD36/FAT, but had no effect on the intracellular localization or levels of FATP5 or FABP1. Together, these results demonstrate that hepatic fatty acid uptake via CD36/FAT can be regulated by altering the acyl chain composition of sphingolipids.
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191
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Wu Y, Song P, Zhang W, Liu J, Dai X, Liu Z, Lu Q, Ouyang C, Xie Z, Zhao Z, Zhuo X, Viollet B, Foretz M, Wu J, Yuan Z, Zou MH. Activation of AMPKα2 in adipocytes is essential for nicotine-induced insulin resistance in vivo. Nat Med 2015; 21:373-82. [PMID: 25799226 PMCID: PMC4390501 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking promotes body weight reduction in humans while paradoxically also promoting insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are unclear. Here we show that nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, selectively activates AMP-activated protein kinase α2 (AMPKα2) in adipocytes, which in turn phosphorylates MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) at serine 334, initiating its proteasome-dependent degradation. The nicotine-dependent reduction of MKP1 induces the aberrant activation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, leading to increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at serine 307. Phosphorylation of IRS1 leads to its degradation, protein kinase B inhibition, and the loss of insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis. Consequently, nicotine increases lipolysis, which results in body weight reduction, but this increase also elevates the levels of circulating free fatty acids and thus causes IR in insulin-sensitive tissues. These results establish AMPKα2 as an essential mediator of nicotine-induced whole-body IR in spite of reductions in adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- 1] Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Song
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- 1] Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Key Laboratory of Hubei Province on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zhengxing Zhao
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Benoit Viollet
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- 1] INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France. [2] CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France. [3] Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jiliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- 1] Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Key Laboratory of Hubei Province on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
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192
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Giammanco A, Cefalù AB, Noto D, Averna MR. The pathophysiology of intestinal lipoprotein production. Front Physiol 2015; 6:61. [PMID: 25852563 PMCID: PMC4367171 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lipoprotein production is a multistep process, essential for the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Chylomicron assembly begins in the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of primordial, phospholipids-rich particles that are then transported to the Golgi for secretion. Several classes of transporters play a role in the selective uptake and/or export of lipids through the villus enterocytes. Once secreted in the lymph stream, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) are metabolized by Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and chylomicrons, thereby delivering free fatty acids to various tissues. Genetic mutations in the genes codifying for these proteins are responsible of different inherited disorders affecting chylomicron metabolism. This review focuses on the molecular pathways that modulate the uptake and the transport of lipoproteins of intestinal origin and it will highlight recent findings on TRLs assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maurizio R. Averna
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
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Liu F, Song R, Feng Y, Guo J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Chen T, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li CY, Cao C, Zhang Y, Hu X, Xiao RP. Upregulation of MG53 Induces Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Transcriptional Activation of Peroxisome Proliferation-Activated Receptor α. Circulation 2015; 131:795-804. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, which contributes to >50% diabetic death, is featured by myocardial lipid accumulation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. The mechanism underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy is poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that a striated muscle-specific E3 ligase Mitsugumin 53 (MG53, or TRIM72) constitutes a primary causal factor of systemic insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Although it is most abundantly expressed in myocardium, the biological and pathological roles of MG53 in triggering cardiac metabolic disorders remain elusive.
Methods and Results—
Here we show that cardiac-specific transgenic expression of MG53 induces diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. Specifically, MG53 transgenic mouse develops severe diabetic cardiomyopathy at 20 weeks of age, as manifested by insulin resistance, compromised glucose uptake, increased lipid accumulation, myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Overexpression of MG53 leads to insulin resistant via destabilizing insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1. More importantly, we identified a novel role of MG53 in transcriptional upregulation of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha and its target genes, resulting in lipid accumulation and lipid toxicity, thereby contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Conclusions—
Our results suggest that overexpression of myocardial MG53 is sufficient to induce diabetic cardiomyopathy via dual mechanisms involving upregulation of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha and impairment of insulin signaling. These findings not only reveal a novel function of MG53 in regulating cardiac peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha gene expression and lipid metabolism, but also underscore MG53 as an important therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus and associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Liu
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Song
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanqing Feng
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Chen
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Yun Li
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Cao
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-ping Xiao
- From Institute of Molecular Medicine (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.Z., Y.W., C.L., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology (F.L., R.S., Y.F., J.G., Y.C., Y.Z., Y.W., C.C., Y.Z., X.H., R.X.), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (T.C., Y.H.), Center for Life Sciences (Y.C., C.L., R.X.), and Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine (R.X.), Peking University, Beijing, China
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194
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The anti-TNF-α antibody infliximab inhibits the expression of fat-transporter-protein FAT/CD36 in a selective hepatic-radiation mouse model. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4682-97. [PMID: 25739082 PMCID: PMC4394442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported a radiation-induced inflammation triggering fat-accumulation through fatty-acid-translocase/cluster of differentiation protein 36 (FAT/CD36) in rat liver. Furthermore, inhibition of radiation-induced FAT/CD36-expression by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) (infliximab) was shown in vitro. The current study investigates fat-accumulation in a mouse-model of single-dose liver-irradiation (25-Gray) and the effect of anti-TNF-α-therapy on FAT/CD36 gene-expression. Mice livers were selectively irradiated in vivo in presence or absence of infliximab. Serum- and hepatic-triglycerides, mRNA, and protein were analyzed by colorimetric assays, RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence and Western-Blot, respectively. Sudan-staining was used demonstrating fat-accumulation in tissue. In mice livers, early (1–3 h) induction of TNF-α-expression, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was observed. It was followed by elevated hepatic-triglyceride level (6–12 h), compared to sham-irradiated controls. In contrast, serum-triglyceride level was decreased at these time points. Similar to triglyceride level in mice livers, Sudan staining of liver cryosections showed a quick (6–12 h) increase of fat-droplets after irradiation. Furthermore, expression of fat-transporter-protein FAT/CD36 was increased at protein level caused by radiation or TNF-α. TNF-α-blockage by anti-TNF-α showed an early inhibition of radiation-induced FAT/CD36 expression in mice livers. Immunohistochemistry showed basolateral and cytoplasmic expression of FAT/CD36 in hepatocytes. Moreover, co-localization of FAT/CD36 was detected with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA+) cells and F4/80+ macrophages. In summary, hepatic-radiation triggers fat-accumulation in mice livers, involving acute-phase-processes. Accordingly, anti-TNF-α-therapy prevented early radiation-induced expression of FAT/CD36 in vivo.
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195
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Regassa A, Kim WK. Transcriptome analysis of hen preadipocytes treated with an adipogenic cocktail (DMIOA) with or without 20(S)-hydroxylcholesterol. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:91. [PMID: 25765115 PMCID: PMC4347561 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20(S)) potentially reduces adipogenesis in mammalian cells. The role of this oxysterol and molecular mechanisms underlying the adipogenesis of preadipocytes from laying hens have not been investigated. This study was conducted to 1. Analyze genes differentially expressed between preadipocytes treated with an adipogenic cocktail (DMIOA) containing 500 nM dexamethasone, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 20 μg/mL insulin and 300 μM oleic acid (OA) and control cells and 2. Analyze genes differentially expressed between preadipocytes treated with DMIOA and those treated with DMIOA + 20(S) using Affymetrix GeneChip® Chicken Genome Arrays. Results In experiment one, where we compared the gene expression profile of non-treated (control) cells with those treated with DMIOA, out of 1,221 differentially expressed genes, 755 were over-expressed in control cells, and 466 were over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA. In experiment two, where we compared the gene expression profile of DMIOA treated cells with those treated with DMIOA+20(S), out of 212 differentially expressed genes, 90 were over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA, and 122 were over-expressed in those treated with DMIOA+20(S). Genes over-expressed in control cells compared to those treated with DMIOA include those involved in cell-to-cell signaling and interaction (IL6, CNN2, ITGB3), cellular assembly and organization (BMP6, IGF1, ACTB), and cell cycle (CD4, 9, 38). Genes over-expressed in DMIOA compared to control cells include those involved in cellular development (ADAM22, ADAMTS9, FIGF), lipid metabolism (FABP3, 4 and 5), and molecular transport (MAP3K8, PDK4, AGTR1). Genes over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA compared with those treated with DMIOA+20(S) include those involved in lipid metabolism (ENPP2, DHCR7, DHCR24), molecular transport (FADS2, SLC6A2, CD36), and vitamin and mineral metabolism (BCMO1, AACS, AR). Genes over-expressed in cells treated with DMIOA+20(S) compared with those treated with DMIOA include those involved in cellular growth and proliferation (CD44, CDK6, IL1B), cellular development (ADORA2B, ATP6VOD2, TNFAIP3), and cell-to-cell signaling and interaction (VCAM1, SPON2, VLDLR). Conclusion We identified important adipogenic regulators and key pathways that would help to understand the molecular mechanism of the in vitro adipogenesis in laying hens and demonstrated that 20(S) is capable of suppressing DMIOA-induced adipogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1231-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. .,Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602, U.S.A.
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196
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Gil HW, Lee EY, Lee JH, Kim YS, Lee BE, Suk JW, Song HY. Dioscorea batatas extract attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by decreasing expression of inflammatory cytokines. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:489-95. [PMID: 25681821 PMCID: PMC4335589 DOI: 10.12659/msm.891306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of the present study was to determine whether Dioscorea batatas (DB) extract reduces visceral fat accumulation and obesity-related biomarkers in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and whether genes associated with adipogenesis and inflammation could be modulated by a diet containing DB extract. Material/Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups (n=10 per group): normal diet (ND), HFD, 100 mg/kg DB extract-gavage with HFD, and 200 mg/kg DB extract-gavage with HFD. The mice were fed the experimental diets for 14 weeks. At 12 weeks, micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) was performed. Results Supplementation of the diet with DB extract for 14 weeks significantly prevented HFD-induced increases in body weight, visceral adipose tissue, plasma lipid levels, and leptins. The area of visceral fat was reduced by DB extract supplementation when examined by micro-CT. Supplementation with DB extract resulted in the downregulation of the adipogenic transcription factor (C/ERBα) and its target gene (CD36) in epididymal adipose tissue, compared to HFD alone. DB extract decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6) in epididymal adipose tissue. Conclusions Our results suggest that DB extract may prevent HFD-induced obesity by downregulating the expression of genes related to adipogenesis and inflammation in visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Wook Gil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Byung-Eui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Suk
- Department of Chemistry, Gyeongsangbuk-do Medical Crop Cluster, Ahandong, Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
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197
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Anderson CM, Kazantzis M, Wang J, Venkatraman S, Goncalves RLS, Quinlan CL, Ng R, Jastroch M, Benjamin DI, Nie B, Herber C, Van AAN, Park MJ, Yun D, Chan K, Yu A, Vuong P, Febbraio M, Nomura DK, Napoli JL, Brand MD, Stahl A. Dependence of brown adipose tissue function on CD36-mediated coenzyme Q uptake. Cell Rep 2015; 10:505-15. [PMID: 25620701 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses the inherent ability to dissipate metabolic energy as heat through uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. An essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is coenzyme Q (CoQ). While cells synthesize CoQ mostly endogenously, exogenous supplementation with CoQ has been successful as a therapy for patients with CoQ deficiency. However, which tissues depend on exogenous CoQ uptake as well as the mechanism by which CoQ is taken up by cells and the role of this process in BAT function are not well understood. Here, we report that the scavenger receptor CD36 drives the uptake of CoQ by BAT and is required for normal BAT function. BAT from mice lacking CD36 displays CoQ deficiency, impaired CoQ uptake, hypertrophy, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defective nonshivering thermogenesis. Together, these data reveal an important new role for the systemic transport of CoQ to BAT and its function in thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Anderson
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jinshan Wang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Subramaniam Venkatraman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Casey L Quinlan
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ryan Ng
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Martin Jastroch
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Daniel I Benjamin
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Biao Nie
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Candice Herber
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - An-Angela Ngoc Van
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael J Park
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dawee Yun
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karen Chan
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Angela Yu
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Vuong
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joseph L Napoli
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martin D Brand
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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198
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Fentz J, Kjøbsted R, Birk JB, Jordy AB, Jeppesen J, Thorsen K, Schjerling P, Kiens B, Jessen N, Viollet B, Wojtaszewski JFP. AMPKα is critical for enhancing skeletal muscle fatty acid utilization during
in vivo
exercise in mice. FASEB J 2015; 29:1725-38. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andreas B. Jordy
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jacob Jeppesen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kasper Thorsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryBispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy AgingFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Molecular MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institute CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 8104ParisFrance
- Université Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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199
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Izem L, Greene DJ, Bialkowska K, Morton RE. Overexpression of full-length cholesteryl ester transfer protein in SW872 cells reduces lipid accumulation. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:515-525. [PMID: 25593327 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m053678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce two cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) isoforms, full-length and a shorter variant produced by alternative splicing. Blocking synthesis of both isoforms disrupts lipid metabolism and storage. To further define the role of CETP in cellular lipid metabolism, we stably overexpressed full-length CETP in SW872 cells. These CETP(+) cells had several-fold higher intracellular CETP and accumulated 50% less TG due to a 26% decrease in TG synthesis and 2.5-fold higher TG turnover rate. Reduced TG synthesis was due to decreased fatty acid uptake and impaired conversion of diglyceride to TG even though diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity was normal. Sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 mRNA levels were normal, and although PPARγ expression was reduced, the expression of several of its target genes including adipocyte triglyceride lipase, FASN, and APOE was normal. CETP(+) cells contained smaller lipid droplets, consistent with their higher levels of perilipin protein family (PLIN) 3 compared with PLIN1 and PLIN2. Intracellular CETP was mostly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, although CETP near lipid droplets poorly colocalized with this membrane. A small pool of CETP resided in the cytoplasm, and a subfraction coisolated with lipid droplets. These data show that overexpression of full-length CETP disrupts lipid homeostasis resulting in the formation of smaller, more metabolically active lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahoucine Izem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Diane J Greene
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Katarzyna Bialkowska
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Richard E Morton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.
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200
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Putri M, Syamsunarno MRAA, Iso T, Yamaguchi A, Hanaoka H, Sunaga H, Koitabashi N, Matsui H, Yamazaki C, Kameo S, Tsushima Y, Yokoyama T, Koyama H, Abumrad NA, Kurabayashi M. CD36 is indispensable for thermogenesis under conditions of fasting and cold stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:520-5. [PMID: 25596128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia can occur during fasting when thermoregulatory mechanisms, involving fatty acid (FA) utilization, are disturbed. CD36/FA translocase is a membrane protein which facilitates membrane transport of long-chain FA in the FA consuming heart, skeletal muscle (SkM) and adipose tissues. It also accelerates uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein by brown adipose tissue (BAT) in a cold environment. In mice deficient for CD36 (CD36(-/-) mice), FA uptake is markedly reduced with a compensatory increase in glucose uptake in the heart and SkM, resulting in lower levels of blood glucose especially during fasting. However, the role of CD36 in thermogenic activity during fasting remains to be determined. In fasted CD36(-/-) mice, body temperature drastically decreased shortly after cold exposure. The hypothermia was accompanied by a marked reduction in blood glucose and in stores of triacylglycerols in BAT and of glycogen in glycolytic SkM. Biodistribution analysis using the FA analogue (125)I-BMIPP and the glucose analogue (18)F-FDG revealed that uptake of FA and glucose was severely impaired in BAT and glycolytic SkM in cold-exposed CD36(-/-) mice. Further, induction of the genes of thermogenesis in BAT was blunted in fasted CD36(-/-) mice after cold exposure. These findings strongly suggest that CD36(-/-) mice exhibit pronounced hypothermia after fasting due to depletion of energy storage in BAT and glycolytic SkM and to reduced supply of energy substrates to these tissues. Our study underscores the importance of CD36 for nutrient homeostasis to survive potentially life-threatening challenges, such as cold and starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirasari Putri
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mas Rizky A A Syamsunarno
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Aiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sunaga
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Chiho Yamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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