151
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Ad’hiah AH, Ibraheem RM, Abbood KW. Modulation of cytokine production from cultured mononuclear cells of leukemia patients by Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra methanolic extract. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2018.1449413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Ad’hiah
- Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Khulood W. Abbood
- College of Applied Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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152
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Hosseini A, Dolati S, Hashemi V, Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh M, Yousefi M. Regulatory T and T helper 17 cells: Their roles in preeclampsia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6561-6573. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student's Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student's Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Vida Hashemi
- Department of Basic ScienceFaculty of MedicineMaragheh University of Medical SciencesMaraghehIran
| | - Meghdad Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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153
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Tumes DJ, Papadopoulos M, Endo Y, Onodera A, Hirahara K, Nakayama T. Epigenetic regulation of T-helper cell differentiation, memory, and plasticity in allergic asthma. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:8-19. [PMID: 28658556 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 300 million people currently suffer from asthma, which causes approximately 250 000 deaths a year. Allergen-specific T-helper (Th) cells produce cytokines that induce many of the hallmark features of asthma including airways hyperreactivity, eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling. Cytokine-producing Th subsets including Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), Th17 (IL-17), Th22 (IL-22), and T regulatory (IL-10) cells have all been suggested to play a role in the development of asthma. Th differentiation involves genetic regulation of gene expression through the concerted action of cytokines, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulators. We describe how Th differentiation and plasticity is regulated by epigenetic histone and DNA modifications, with a focus on the regulation of histone methylation by members of the polycomb and trithorax complexes. In addition, we outline environmental influences that could influence epigenetic regulation of Th cells and discuss the potential to regulate Th plasticity and function through drugs targeting the epigenetic machinery. It is also becoming apparent that epigenetic regulation of allergen-specific memory Th cells may be important in the development and persistence of chronic allergies. Finally, we describe how epigenetic modifiers regulate cytokine memory in Th cells and describe recently identified hybrid, plastic, and pathogenic memory Th subsets the context of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J Tumes
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
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154
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Razawy W, van Driel M, Lubberts E. The role of IL-23 receptor signaling in inflammation-mediated erosive autoimmune arthritis and bone remodeling. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:220-229. [PMID: 29148561 PMCID: PMC5838536 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The IL‐23/Th17 axis has been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). RA and PsA are heterogeneous diseases with substantial burden on patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the IL‐23 signaling pathway may be involved in the development of autoimmunity and erosive joint damage. IL‐23 can act either directly or indirectly on bone forming osteoblasts as well as on bone resorbing osteoclasts. As IL‐23 regulates the activity of cells of the bone, it is conceivable that in addition to inflammation‐mediated joint erosion, IL‐23 may play a role in physiological bone remodeling. In this review, we focus on the role of IL‐23 in autoimmune arthritis in patients and murine models, and provide an overview of IL‐23 producing and responding cells in autoimmune arthritic joints. In addition, we discuss the role of IL‐23 on bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts regarding inflammation‐mediated joint damage and bone remodeling. At last, we briefly discuss the clinical implications of targeting this pathway for joint damage and systemic bone loss in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wida Razawy
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Driel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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155
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Yang Y, Dong P, Zhao J, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Mei C, Guo F, Zheng Y, Yang JQ. PKCλ/ι regulates Th17 differentiation and house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:934-941. [PMID: 29305916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation in which Th2 and Th17 cells play critical roles in its pathogenesis. We have reported that atypical protein kinase (PKC) λ/ι is a new regulator for Th2 differentiation and function. However, the role of PKCλ/ι for Th17 cells remains elusive. In this study, we explored the effect of PKCλ/ι on Th17 cells in the context of ex vivo cell culture systems and an in vivo murine model of allergic airway inflammation with the use of activated T cell-specific conditional PKCλ/ι-deficient mice. Our findings indicate that PKCλ/ι regulates Th17 cells. The secretion of Th17 effector cytokines, including IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22, were inhibited from PKCλ/ι-deficient T cells under non-skewing or Th17-skewing culture conditions. Moreover, the impaired Th17 differentiation and function by the PKCλ/ι-deficiency was associated with the downregulation of Stat3 and Rorγt, key Th17 transcription factors. We developed a model of Th17 and neutrophil-involved allergic airway inflammation by intratracheal inoculation of house dust mites. PKCλ/ι-deficiency significantly inhibited airway inflammations. The infiltrating cells in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were significantly reduced in conditional PKCλ/ι-deficient mice. Th17 effector cytokines were reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lungs at protein and mRNA levels. Thus, PKCλ/ι emerges as a critical regulator of Th17 differentiation and allergic airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panpan Dong
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congjin Mei
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases and Public Health Research Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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156
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Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong genetic basis, its etiology is complex, with several genetic factors likely to be involved as well as environmental factors. Immune dysregulation has gained significant attention as a causal mechanism in ASD pathogenesis. ASD has been associated with immune abnormalities in the brain and periphery, including inflammatory disorders and autoimmunity in not only the affected individuals but also their mothers. Prenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) has been implicated as an environmental risk factor for ASD. In support of this notion, animal models have shown that MIA results in offspring with behavioral, neurological, and immunological abnormalities similar to those observed in ASD. This raises the question of how MIA exposure can lead to ASD in susceptible individuals. Recent evidence points to a potential inflammation pathway linking MIA-associated ASD with the activity of T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes and their effector cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A). IL-17A has been implicated from human studies and elevated IL-17A levels in the blood have been found to correlate with phenotypic severity in a subset of ASD individuals. In MIA model mice, elevated IL-17A levels also have been observed. Additionally, antibody blockade to inhibit IL-17A signaling was found to prevent ASD-like behaviors in offspring exposed to MIA. Therefore, IL-17A dysregulation may play a causal role in the development of ASD. The source of increased IL-17A in the MIA mouse model was attributed to maternal Th17 cells because genetic removal of the transcription factor RORγt to selectively inhibit Th17 differentiation in pregnant mice was able to prevent ASD-like behaviors in the offspring. Similar to ASD individuals, the MIA-exposed offspring also displayed cortical dysplasia which could be prevented by inhibition of IL-17A signaling in pregnant mice. This finding reveals one possible cellular mechanism through which ASD-related cognitive and behavioral deficits may emerge following maternal inflammation. IL-17A can exert strong effects on cell survival and differentiation and the activity of signal transduction cascades, which can have important consequences during cortical development on neural function. This review examines IL-17A signaling pathways in the context of both immunity and neural function that may contribute to the development of ASD associated with MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wong
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Linda Crnic Institute, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Charles Hoeffer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Linda Crnic Institute, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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157
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Jiang XP, Huang XL, Yang ZP, Wang SC, Xie W, Miao L, Tang L, Huang ZM. Iguratimod ameliorates inflammatory responses by modulating the Th17/Treg paradigm in dextran sulphate sodium-induced murine colitis. Mol Immunol 2018; 93:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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158
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Gonçalves RSG, Pereira MC, Dantas AT, Almeida ARD, Marques CDL, Rego MJBM, Pitta IR, Duarte ALBP, Pitta MGR. IL-17 and related cytokines involved in systemic sclerosis: Perspectives. Autoimmunity 2017; 51:1-9. [PMID: 29256263 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1416467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystemic, complex, and rare disease of connective tissue, with high morbidity and mortality, and without specific treatment. The disease is characterized by three main principles: vascular disease, autoantibody production and inflammation, and fibrosis. Since it is well defined that SSc is characterized by elevated production of TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-1, all of them cytokines related to Th17 differentiation, the hypothesis is that this disease may be strongly related to a polarization of the immune response towards the Th17 pathway. Considering the importance of a better understanding of the pathophysiology of Th17 pathway in SSc, this article aims to propose an update for a better understanding of current knowledge on main cytokines secreted by the Th17 cells (IL-17 A, IL-21, and IL-22) and the future prospects in the current disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Silva Guimarães Gonçalves
- a Hospital das Clínicas de Pernambuco , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil.,b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas Suely Galdino , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Michelly C Pereira
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas Suely Galdino , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Andréa Tavares Dantas
- a Hospital das Clínicas de Pernambuco , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil.,b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas Suely Galdino , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigues de Almeida
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas Suely Galdino , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | | | - Moacyr J B M Rego
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas Suely Galdino , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Ivan R Pitta
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas Suely Galdino , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Angela Luzia Branco Pinto Duarte
- a Hospital das Clínicas de Pernambuco , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil.,b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas Suely Galdino , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino R Pitta
- b Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas Suely Galdino , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
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159
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Chang Y, Kang SY, Kim J, Kang HR, Kim HY. Functional Defects in Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Classical Monocytes in a Patient with Hyper-IgE Syndrome. Immune Netw 2017; 17:352-364. [PMID: 29093656 PMCID: PMC5662784 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.5.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a very rare primary immune deficiency characterized by elevated serum IgE levels, recurrent bacterial infections, chronic dermatitis, and connective tissue abnormalities. Autosomal dominant (AD) HIES involves a mutation in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that leads to an impaired TH17 response. STAT3 signaling is also involved in the function of RORγt+ type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and RORγt+TH17 cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of innate immune cells such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), granulocytes, and monocytes in a patient with HIES. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a patient with HIES and three age-matched healthy controls were obtained for the analysis of the innate and adaptive immune cells. The frequencies of ILCs in PBMCs were lower in the patient with HIES than in the controls. Moreover, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-17A produced by ILC3s in PBMCs were lower in the patient with HIES than the controls. Compared with the controls, classical monocytes (CD14+CD16low), which have a high antimicrobial capability, were also lower in the patient with HIES, while non-classical monocytes (CD14lowCD16+) as well as intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16intermediate) were higher. Taken together, these results indicate that the impaired immune defense against pathogenic microbes in the patient with HIES might be partially explained by functional defects in ILC3s and inflammatory monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sung-Yoon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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160
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Marnik EA, Wang X, Sproule TJ, Park G, Christianson GJ, Lane-Reticker SK, Jain S, Duffy T, Wang H, Carter GW, Morse HC, Roopenian DC. Precocious Interleukin 21 Expression in Naive Mice Identifies a Natural Helper Cell Population in Autoimmune Disease. Cell Rep 2017; 21:208-221. [PMID: 28978474 PMCID: PMC5661890 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) plays key roles in humoral immunity and autoimmune diseases. It is known to function in mature CD4+ T follicular B cell helper (TFH) cells, but its potential involvement in early T cell ontogeny is unclear. Here, we find that a significant population of newly activated thymic and peripheral CD4+ T cells functionally expresses IL-21 soon after birth. This naturally occurring population, termed natural (n)TH21 cells, exhibits considerable similarity to mature TFH cells. nTH21 cells originating and activated in the thymus are strictly dependent on autoimmune regulator (AIRE) and express high levels of NUR77, consistent with a bias toward self-reactivity. Their activation/expansion in the periphery requires gut microbiota and is held in check by FoxP3+ TREG cells. nTH21 cells are the major thymic and peripheral populations of IL-21+ cells to expand in an IL-21-dependent humoral autoimmune disease. These studies link IL-21 to T cell ontogeny, self-reactivity, and humoral autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis/genetics
- Arthritis/immunology
- Arthritis/pathology
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Immunity, Humoral
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- AIRE Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Marnik
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Genetics Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shweta Jain
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Hongsheng Wang
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gregory W Carter
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Genetics Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Virology and Cellular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Derry C Roopenian
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Genetics Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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161
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Acuff NV, Li X, Latha K, Nagy T, Watford WT. Tpl2 Promotes Innate Cell Recruitment and Effector T Cell Differentiation To Limit Citrobacter rodentium Burden and Dissemination. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00193-17. [PMID: 28760932 PMCID: PMC5607429 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00193-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates Th1 differentiation, secretion of the inflammatory cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and host defense against the intracellular pathogens Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis However, relatively little is known about the contribution of Tpl2 to Th17 differentiation and immune cell function during infection with an extracellular pathogen. The goal of this study was to determine whether Tpl2 influences the immune response generated to the extracellular bacterium Citrobacter rodentium, which induces a mixed Th1 and Th17 response. During peak infection with C. rodentium, Tpl2-/- mice experienced greater bacterial burdens with evidence of dissemination to the liver and spleen but ultimately cleared the bacteria within 3 weeks postinfection, similar to the findings for wild-type mice. Tpl2-/- mice also recruited fewer neutrophils and monocytes to the colon during peak infection, which correlated with increased bacterial burdens. In mixed bone marrow chimeras, Tpl2 was shown to play a T cell-intrinsic role in promoting both IFN-γ and interleukin-17A production during infection with C. rodentium However, upon CD4 T cell transfer into Rag-/- mice, Tpl2-/- CD4 T cells were as protective as wild-type CD4 T cells against the dissemination of bacteria and mortality. These data indicate that the enhanced bacterial burdens in Tpl2-/- mice are not caused primarily by impairments in CD4 T cell function but result from defects in innate immune cell recruitment and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole V Acuff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Krishna Latha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Wendy T Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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162
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Dinesh P, Rasool M. Multifaceted role of IL‐21 in rheumatoid arthritis: Current understanding and future perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3918-3928. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palani Dinesh
- Immunopathology LabSchool of Bio Sciences and TechnologyVIT UniversityVelloreTamil NaduIndia
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163
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Hogg A, Sui Y, Ben-Sasson SZ, Paul WE, Berzofsky JA. Role of CD4 T cell helper subsets in immune response and deviation of CD8 T cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:2059-2069. [PMID: 28741316 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of different CD4+ T cell subsets to help CD8+ T-cell response is not fully understood. Here, we found using the murine system that Th17 cells induced by IL-1β, unlike Th1, were not effective helpers for antiviral CD8 responses as measured by IFNγ-producing cells or protection against virus infection. However, they skewed CD8 responses to a Tc17 phenotype. Thus, the apparent lack of help was actually immune deviation. This skewing depended on both IL-21 and IL-23. To overcome this effect, we inhibited Th17 induction by blocking TGF-β. Anti-TGF-β allowed the IL-1β adjuvant to enhance CD8+ T-cell responses without skewing the phenotype to Tc17, thereby providing an approach to harness the benefit of common IL-1-inducing adjuvants like alum without immune deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hogg
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Shlomo Z Ben-Sasson
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - William E Paul
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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164
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Panahi Y, Ghanei M, Hassani S, Sahebkar A. TGF-β and Th17 cells related injuries in patients with sulfur mustard exposure. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3037-3047. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Hassani
- Department of Hematology; School of Allied Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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165
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Interleukin-17F expression is elevated in hepatitis C patients with fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:42. [PMID: 28770001 PMCID: PMC5530479 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of interleukin (IL) 17A in chronic liver diseases had been extensively studied, but the function of IL-17F, which shares a high degree of homology with IL-17A, in the progression of chronic hepatic diseases is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between IL-17F and liver diseases including, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Hepatic tumor samples from both hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive and negative patients (without HBV and HCV, NBNC) were examined with quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry staining for inflammatory cytokine genes expression. In addition, 250 HCV patients naïve for interferon treatment were also subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for their serum cytokine concentrations. RESULTS Serum IL-17F concentrations were significantly elevated in HCV patients with severe fibrosis stages. In accordance with serum data, IL-17F expression was also found higher in HCV-associated HCC tissues compared with NBNC HCC tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IL-17F might be used as a valuable biological marker than IL-17A during chronic fibrosis progression and HCC development in HCV patients.
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166
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Bao S, Zheng J, Shi G. The role of T helper 17 cells in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3713-3719. [PMID: 28731149 PMCID: PMC5646947 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients, T helper 17 (Th17) cells are significantly elevated. Th17 cells initiate immune-mediated pathogenesis and have a critical role in the process of HBV-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC). The mechanisms underlying this process are attributed to Th17-secreted cytokines, which include interleukin (IL)-17, IL-21 and IL-22; however, a systemic analysis regarding these mechanisms has yet to be conducted. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of HBV-LC. All randomized clinical trials, case series, case reports and meta-analyses that contained the aforementioned keywords were included in the review process. In addition, unpublished information from the Food and Drug Administration was included. The findings indicated that Th17-secreted cytokines, including IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22, function by activating or silencing hepatic stellate cells, modulating proinflammatory and pro- or antifibrogenic effectors, regulating extracellular matrix formation, upregulating chemokine expression, and inducing hepatocellular damage or hepatoprotection during the HBV-LC process. In addition, Th17 cells and Th17-secreted cytokines may be considered a potential tool in the diagnosis or treatment of HBV-LC. The present review summarized the role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of HBV-LC in order to deepen the clinical understanding of the role of Th17 cells and also to support the development of effective therapies for patients with HBV-LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Bao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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167
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Regulator of Calcineurin 3 Ameliorates Autoimmune Arthritis by Suppressing Th17 Cell Differentiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2034-2045. [PMID: 28704638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 3 (RCAN3), an endogenous regulator of the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway, inhibits the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, the nuclear translocation of NFAT, and the NFAT downstream pathway. To investigate the effects of RCAN3 on T-cell regulatory function and the development and progression of inflammatory arthritis, we studied the effects of RCAN3 transfection on regulation of Th17 cell differentiation in a murine T-lymphoma cell line and primary splenic CD4+ T cells. Overexpression of RCAN3 suppressed Th17 cell differentiation through the down-regulation of RAR receptor orphan receptor γT mRNA and up-regulation of forkhead box P3 mRNA. In mice with collagen-induced arthritis, injection of an RCAN3-overexpression vector controlled arthritis development in vivo. Injection of RCAN3 reduced the formation of osteoclasts and expression of inflammatory cytokines in vivo. Antioxidants stimulated the expression of RCAN3 in vitro, and combination therapy with pcDNA-RCAN3 had a synergistic suppressive effect on the development of arthritis. These data suggest that RCAN3 may be an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
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168
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T Helper 17 Cells in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070065. [PMID: 28678161 PMCID: PMC5532573 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes into exocrine glands and other tissues. The infiltrating lymphocytes have been identified as subsets of B cells and T cells, including T helper 17 cells, T regulatory cells and follicular helper T cells. The role of these cells in the development of the syndrome is now known, as is their impact on the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23. In particular, experimental animal models and patients suggest that a shift in Th17/Treg balance toward the proinflammatory Th17 axis exacerbates primary Sjögren’s syndrome and other autoimmune disorders. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of the disorder is not yet fully elucidated. This review summarizes the recent advances in therapeutic control of the Treg/Th17 balance, as well as the efficacy of candidate therapeutics against primary Sjögren’s syndrome.
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169
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Ponce-Gallegos MA, Ramírez-Venegas A, Falfán-Valencia R. Th17 profile in COPD exacerbations. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1857-1865. [PMID: 28694696 PMCID: PMC5491572 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s136592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is characterized by an ongoing inflammatory process of the airways that leads to obstruction or limitation of airflow. It is mainly associated with exposure to cigarette smoke. In addition, it is considered, at present, a serious public health problem, ranking fourth in mortality worldwide. Many cells participate in the pathophysiology of COPD, the most important are neutrophils, macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Neutrophil migration to the inflammation area could be mediated largely by cytokines related to CD4+ Th17 lymphocytes, because it has been shown that IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 act as inducers for CXCL8, CXCL1, CXCL5, G-CSF, and GM-CSF secretion by epithelial cells of the airways. The aims of these molecules are differentiation, proliferation and recruitment of neutrophils. Furthermore, it is believed that CD4+ lymphocytes Th17 may be involved in protection against pathogens for which Th1 and Th2 are not prepared to fight. In COPD exacerbations, there is an increased cellularity in the lung region and respiratory tract. Therefore, the increase in the number of neutrophils and macrophages in the airways and the increase in proinflammatory cytokines are directly related to the severity of exacerbations and that is the importance of the functions of Th17 profile in this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Ponce-Gallegos
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Medicine Academic Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.,Interinstitutional Program for Strengthening Research and the Postgraduate in the Pacific (Dolphin), Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas
- Tobacco Smoking and COPD Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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170
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Sehati N, Kokhaei P, Motevalizade Ardekani A, Tootoonchian R, Pak F. Evaluation of Serum Interleukin-21 and HLA-C1 Polymorphism in Pediatrician Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Early Diagnosis of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [PMID: 28627158 PMCID: PMC5572435 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.6.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a strategy used for treatment of different malignant diseases. However, success of allo-HSCT can be hampered by graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Natural killer (NK) cells may play an important role in activating antigen presenting cells and subsequent activation of T cells. The main purpose of this study was the evaluation of IL-21, as a blood biomarker, for early detection of acute GVHD (aGVHD) in children after HSCT and also the study of human leukocytes antigen (HLA)-C1 polymorphism, as a targeting ligand for NK cells in these patients. Methods: Fifty one children receiving HSCT were studied. Blood samples were collected at -8, 7, and 14 days of transplantation. The -8-day samples were analyzed for HLA-C1 polymorphism by PCR-sequence-specific primer technique and pre-transplantation IL-21 assay. To study the serum levels of IL-21, two blood samples were collected on days +7 and +14 and analyzed by ELISA technique. Results: The results indicated that the incidence of aGVHD in pediatric is associated with a polymorphism of HLA-C1, as alleles HLA-C01:12 (P<0.001), HLA-C01:22 (P<0.004), and HLA-C01:67 (P<0.009). On the other hand, the serum levels of IL-21 in children with aGVHD were decreased after transplantation compared to before transplantation. The serum levels of the IL-21 at 14 days after transplantation had a significant correlation with the occurrence of aGVHD (P=0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, there is a significant correlation between HLA-C1 polymorphisms and the serum levels of IL-21 with the incidence of aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sehati
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - P Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - R Tootoonchian
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - F Pak
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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171
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Nanjappa SG, McDermott AJ, Fites JS, Galles K, Wüthrich M, Deepe GS, Klein BS. Antifungal Tc17 cells are durable and stable, persisting as long-lasting vaccine memory without plasticity towards IFNγ cells. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006356. [PMID: 28542595 PMCID: PMC5456400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of persistence and plasticity of IL-17A+ memory T cells is clouded by conflicting results in models analyzing T helper 17 cells. We studied memory IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cell (Tc17) homeostasis, persistence and plasticity during fungal vaccine immunity. We report that vaccine-induced memory Tc17 cells persist with high fidelity to the type 17 phenotype. Tc17 cells persisted durably for a year as functional IL-17A+ memory cells without converting to IFNγ+ (Tc1) cells, although they produced multiple type I cytokines in the absence of residual vaccine antigen. Memory Tc17 cells were canonical CD8+ T cells with phenotypic features distinct from Tc1 cells, and were Ror(γ)thi, TCF-1hi, T-betlo and EOMESlo. In investigating the bases of Tc17 persistence, we observed that memory Tc17 cells had much higher levels of basal homeostatic proliferation than did Tc1 cells. Conversely, memory Tc17 cells displayed lower levels of anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL than Tc1 cells, yet were resistant to apoptosis. Tc1 cells required Bcl-2 for their survival, but Bcl-2 was dispensable for the maintenance of Tc17 cells. Tc17 and Tc1 cells displayed different requirements for HIF-1α during effector differentiation and sustenance and memory persistence. Thus, antifungal vaccination induces durable and stable memory Tc17 cells with distinct requirements for long-term persistence that distinguish them from memory Tc1 cells. CD4+ T-cell deficient patients such as those with AIDS and idiopathic CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia are vulnerable to systemic fungal infections. We previously showed that CD8+ T cells can be exploited in CD4+ T cell deficient hosts for vaccine immunity against lethal fungal pneumonia in mice and that IL-17A production by these cells (Tc17) is essential. Existing dogma holds that IL-17A producing CD4+ T cells (Th17) are highly plastic, unstable, and convert into IFNγ producing cells, losing the capacity to produce IL-17A, which is the signature feature of Tc17 cells. Here, we show that vaccine-elicited antifungal Tc17 cells are maintained as stable and long-lasting memory cells that resist conversion into IFNγ cells (Tc1) and protect CD4+ T cell deficient hosts against lethal pulmonary fungal infection. Antifungal Tc17 cells displayed features that define classical memory cells. However, memory Tc17 exhibited different requirements than Tc1 cells in the factors that promote T cell survival, including anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and HIF-1α, which aids survival of cells in lower oxygen conditions found during inflammation. Thus, our study reveals that fungal vaccination elicits a durable, stable population of Tc17 cells with distinct features of survival needed for preventing infection in immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Som Gowda Nanjappa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SGN); (BSK)
| | - Andrew J. McDermott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - J. Scott Fites
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kevin Galles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Marcel Wüthrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - George S. Deepe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Bruce S. Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SGN); (BSK)
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172
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Winkler I, Pyszniak M, Pogoda K, Semczuk A, Gogacz M, Miotla P, Adamiak A, Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Rechberger T, Tabarkiewicz J. Assessment of Th17 lymphocytes and cytokine IL-17A in epithelial ovarian tumors. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3107-3115. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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173
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Active module identification in intracellular networks using a memetic algorithm with a new binary decoding scheme. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:209. [PMID: 28361692 PMCID: PMC5374686 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active modules are connected regions in biological network which show significant changes in expression over particular conditions. The identification of such modules is important since it may reveal the regulatory and signaling mechanisms that associate with a given cellular response. Results In this paper, we propose a novel active module identification algorithm based on a memetic algorithm. We propose a novel encoding/decoding scheme to ensure the connectedness of the identified active modules. Based on the scheme, we also design and incorporate a local search operator into the memetic algorithm to improve its performance. Conclusion The effectiveness of proposed algorithm is validated on both small and large protein interaction networks.
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174
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Halwani R, Sultana A, Vazquez-Tello A, Jamhawi A, Al-Masri AA, Al-Muhsen S. Th-17 regulatory cytokines IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 enhance neutrophil production of IL-17 cytokines during asthma. J Asthma 2017. [PMID: 28635548 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1283696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a subset of severe asthma patients, chronic airway inflammation is associated with infiltration of neutrophils, Th-17 cells and elevated expression of Th-17-derived cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-17, IL-21, IL-22). Peripheral neutrophils from allergic asthmatics are known to express higher IL-17 cytokine levels than those from healthy subjects, but the regulatory mechanisms involved are not well understood. We hypothesize that Th-17 regulatory cytokines could modulate IL-17 expression in neutrophils. METHODS Peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from asthmatics were stimulated with IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 cytokines and their ability to produce IL-17A and IL-17F was determined relative to healthy controls. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation levels were measured in stimulated neutrophil using flow cytometry. The requirement for STAT3 phosphorylation was determined by blocking its activation using a specific chemical inhibitor. RESULTS Stimulating asthmatic neutrophils with IL-21, 23, and 6 enhanced the production of IL-17A and IL-17F at significantly higher levels comparatively to healthy controls. Stimulating neutrophils with IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 cytokines enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation, in all cases. Interestingly, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation using a specific chemical inhibitor dramatically blocked the ability of neutrophils to produce IL-17, demonstrating that STAT3 activation is the major factor mediating IL-17 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that neutrophil infiltration in lungs of severe asthmatics may represent an important source of pro-inflammatory IL-17A and -F cytokines, a production enhanced by Th-17 regulatory cytokines, and thus providing a feedback mechanism that sustains inflammation. Our results suggest that STAT3 pathway could be a potential target for regulating neutrophilic inflammation during severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Halwani
- a Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Asthma Research Chair , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Sultana
- a Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Asthma Research Chair , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Prince Naif Health Research Center , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro Vazquez-Tello
- a Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Asthma Research Chair , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Jamhawi
- a Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Asthma Research Chair , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Al-Masri
- c Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- a Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Asthma Research Chair , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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175
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Lebre MC, Vieira PL, Tang MW, Aarrass S, Helder B, Newsom-Davis T, Tak PP, Screaton GR. Synovial IL-21/TNF-producing CD4 + T cells induce joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by inducing matrix metalloproteinase production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 101:775-783. [PMID: 27733582 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a0516-217rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone and cartilage destruction is one of the key manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the role of T helper (Th)17 cells in these processes is clear, the role of IL-21-producing cells T cells has been neglected. We sought to investigate the role of IL-21 in RA by focusing on the functional characteristics of the main producers of this cytokine, synovial CD4+IL-21+ T cells. We show that the frequency of both synovial fluid (SF) CD4+IL-21+ or CD4+IL-21+TNF+ T cells in patients with RA was significantly higher compared with patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The frequency of peripheral blood (PB) IL-21+CD4+ T cells in patients with RA positively correlated with disease activity score 28 (DAS28), serum anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF). IL-21 levels in RA SF were associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3. Related to this, IL-21 induced significantly the secretion of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in RA synovial biopsies. Sorted SF CD4+IL-21+ T cells significantly induced the release of MMP-1 and MMP-3 by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) compared with medium or CD4+IL-21- T cells in a coculture system. Neutralization of both IL-21 and TNF resulted in significantly less production of MMP by FLS. The results of this study indicate a new role for synovial CD4+IL-21+TNF+ T cells in promoting synovial inflammation/joint destruction in patients with RA. Importantly, IL-21 blockade in combination with anti-TNF might be an effective therapy in patients with RA by inhibiting MMP-induced inflammation/joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Lebre
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Pedro L Vieira
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Man Wai Tang
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Saïda Aarrass
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Boy Helder
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Thomas Newsom-Davis
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul P Tak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
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176
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Banuelos J, Cao Y, Shin SC, Lu NZ. Immunopathology alters Th17 cell glucocorticoid sensitivity. Allergy 2017; 72:331-341. [PMID: 27646878 PMCID: PMC5315659 DOI: 10.1111/all.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells contribute to several inflammatory conditions and increasing evidence supports that Th17 cells are glucocorticoid resistant. However, Th17 cells in psoriasis and related diseases are glucocorticoid sensitive. We compare glucocorticoid sensitive and resistant immunological diseases and suggest that several aspects in Th17-related diseases alter glucocorticoid sensitivity of Th17 cells. We identify molecular pathways that are implicated in glucocorticoid sensitivity of Th17 cells in the literature, as this information is useful for developing approaches to overcome glucocorticoid-resistant immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Banuelos
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Y. Cao
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - S. C. Shin
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - N. Z. Lu
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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177
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Arra A, Lingel H, Kuropka B, Pick J, Schnoeder T, Fischer T, Freund C, Pierau M, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. The differentiation and plasticity of Tc17 cells are regulated by CTLA-4-mediated effects on STATs. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1273300. [PMID: 28344884 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1273300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the blockade of inhibitory surface-molecules such as CTLA-4 on T cells has led to recent advances in antitumor immune therapy, there is great interest in identifying novel mechanisms of action of CD8+ T cells to evoke effective cytotoxic antitumor responses. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated the molecular pathways underlying the CTLA-4-mediated differentiation of IL-17-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17 cells) that strongly impairs cytotoxicity. Our studies demonstrate that Tc17 cells lacking CTLA-4 signaling have limited production of STAT3-target gene products such as IL-17, IL-21, IL-23R and RORγt. Upon re-stimulation with IL-12, these cells display fast downregulation of Tc17 hallmarks and acquire Tc1 characteristics such as IFNγ and TNF-α co-expression, which is known to correlate with tumor control. Indeed, upon adoptive transfer, these cells were highly efficient in the antigen-specific rejection of established OVA-expressing B16 melanoma in vivo. Mechanistically, in primary and re-stimulated Tc17 cells, STAT3 binding to the IL-17 promoter was strongly augmented by CTLA-4, associated with less binding of STAT5 and reduced relative activation of STAT1 which is known to block STAT3 activity. Inhibiting CTLA-4-induced STAT3 activity reverses enhancement of signature Tc17 gene products, rendering Tc17 cells susceptible to conversion to Tc1-like cells with enhanced cytotoxic potential. Thus, CTLA-4 critically shapes the characteristics of Tc17 cells by regulating relative STAT3 activation, which provides new perspectives to enhance cytotoxicity of antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arra
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lingel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Protein Biochemistry Group, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany; Mass Spectrometry Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Pick
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tina Schnoeder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Protein Biochemistry Group, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany; Mass Spectrometry Group, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandy Pierau
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monika C Brunner-Weinzierl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University , Magdeburg, Germany
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178
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Sharma J, Bhar S, Devi CS. A review on interleukins: The key manipulators in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:723-746. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Sutonuka Bhar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - C. Subathra Devi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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179
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HtrA2 suppresses autoimmune arthritis and regulates activation of STAT3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39393. [PMID: 28008946 PMCID: PMC5180098 DOI: 10.1038/srep39393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is related to the induction of T helper (Th)17 cells, which secrete interleukin-17, and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. The expression of high-temperature requirement protein A (HtrA) 2, a serine protease involved in apoptosis, was decreased in RA patients nonresponsive to drug treatment of RA. The aim of this study was to determine whether overexpression of HtrA2 has a therapeutic effect on RA. Th17 differentiation, osteoclastogenesis, and lymphocyte activation are increased in motor neuron degeneration (mnd)2 mice, which lack HtrA2 activity because of a missense mutation (Ser276Cys) in the protease domain of HtrA2. The inhibitor of HtrA2 also increased Th17 differentiation. On the other hand, HtrA2 induced cleavage of STAT3 and overexpression of HtrA2 attenuated CIA in a mouse model. HtrA2 overexpression inhibited plaque development as well as the differentiation of Th17 in ApoE-/- mice after immunization with proteoglycans to induce a hyperlipidemia-based RA animal model. The therapeutic function of HtrA2 in inflammatory diseases is linked with Th17 development and the STAT3 pathway in splenocytes. These results suggest that HtrA2 participates in immunomodulatory activity where the upregulation of HtrA2 may shed light on therapeutic approaches to RA and hyperlipidemia.
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180
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Shapiro M, Nandi B, Gonzalez G, Prabhala RH, Mashimo H, Huang Q, Frank NY, Munshi NC, Gold JS. Deficiency of the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-21 promotes intestinal neoplasia via dysregulation of the Th1/Th17 axis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1261776. [PMID: 28197386 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1261776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-21 has reported activity in promoting both Th1 and Th17 immune responses. Its role in sporadic human colorectal cancer is unknown. We aimed to delineate the role of IL-21 in a model of sporadic intestinal carcinogenesis. We found that in APCMIN/+ mice, ablation of IL-21 increased intestinal tumorigenesis. Expression of pro-inflammatory Th17-associated genes, including RORγt and IL-17A, was increased in the intestine in the absence of IL-21, while expression of antitumor Th1-associated genes Tbet, IFNγ, granzyme B, and perforin was decreased. Similarly, the IL-21-deficient APCMIN/+ mouse intestines had fewer infiltrating T cells as well as decreased effector memory T cells, NK cells, and granzyme B-expressing cells. Finally, our data suggest that IL-21 impairs Th17 immune responses as mesenteric lymph nodes from IL-21-deficient mice had increased IL-17A expression, and naive helper T cells from IL-21-deficient mice were more prone to differentiate into IL-17A-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Shapiro
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bisweswar Nandi
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rao H Prabhala
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Pathology Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Jason S Gold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Surgery Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
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181
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Artemisinin analogue SM934 attenuate collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing T follicular helper cells and T helper 17 cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38115. [PMID: 27897259 PMCID: PMC5126690 DOI: 10.1038/srep38115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SM934 is an artemisinin analogue with immunosuppressive properties and potent therapeutic activity against lupus-like diseases in autoimmune mice. In this report, the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of SM934 on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. We demonstrated that SM934 treatment alleviate the severity of arthritis in CIA mice with established manifestations. The therapeutic benefits were associated with ameliorated joint swelling and reduced extent of bone erosion and destruction. Further, administration of SM934 diminished the development of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and Th17 cells and suppressed the production of pathogenic antibodies, without altering the proportion of germinal center B cells. Ex vivo, SM934 treatment inhibited the bovine type II collagen (CII) induced proliferation and inflammatory cytokines secretion of CII -reactive T cells. In vitro, SM934 impeded the polarization of naïve CD4+ T cells into Tfh cells and the expression of its transcript factor Bcl-6. Moreover, SM934 decreased the IL-21-producing CD4+ T cells and dampened the IL-21 downstream signaling through STAT3. These finding offered the convincing evidence that artemisinin derivative might attenuate RA by simultaneously interfering with the generation of Tfh cells and Th17 cells as well as the subsequent antibody-mediated immune responses.
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182
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Circulating CXCR5+CD4+ T cells assist in the survival and growth of primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells through interleukin 10 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:154-160. [PMID: 27888017 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common and aggressive cancer caused by the malignant transformation of B cells. Although it has been established that the follicular helper T (Tfh) cells play a central role in B cell development, little information is available on their involvement in DLBCL pathogenesis. We studied the role of the peripheral Tfh equivalent, the CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells, in DLBCL. Data showed that compared to CXCR5- CD4+ T cells, CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells were significantly more effective at promoting the proliferation as well as inhibiting the apoptosis of primary autologous DLBCL tumor cells. Surprisingly, we found that at equal cell numbers, CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells in DLBCL patients secreted significantly less interleukin (IL)-21 than CXCR5- CD4+ T cells, while the level of IL-10 secretion was significant elevated in the CXCR5+ compartment compared to the CXCR5- compartment. Neutralization of IL-10 in the primary DLBCL-CXCR5+ CD4+ T cell coculture compromised the CXCR5+ CD4+ T cell-mediated pro-tumor effects, in a manner that was dependent on the concentration of anti-IL-10 antibodies. The CXCR5+ compartment also contained significantly lower frequencies of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells than the CXCR5- compartment. In conclusion, our investigations discovered a previously unknown pro-tumor role of CXCR5-expressing circulating CD4+ T cells, which assisted the survival and proliferation of primary DLBCL cells through IL-10.
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183
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Vallières F, Girard D. Mechanism involved in interleukin-21-induced phagocytosis in human monocytes and macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:294-303. [PMID: 27774606 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-21/IL-21 receptor (R) is a promising system to be exploited for the development of therapeutic strategies. Although the biological activities of IL-21 and its cell signalling events have been largely studied in immunocytes, its interaction with human monocytes and macrophages have been neglected. Previously, we reported that IL-21 enhances Fc gamma receptor (FcRγ)-mediated phagocytosis in human monocytes and in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) and identified Syk as a novel molecular target of IL-21. Here, we elucidate further how IL-21 promotes phagocytosis in these cells. Unlike its ability to enhance phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), IL-21 did not promote phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and zymosan by monocytes and did not alter the cell surface expression of CD16, CD32 and CD64. In HMDM, IL-21 was found to enhance phagocytosis of zymosan. In addition, we found that IL-21 activates p38, protein kinase B (Akt), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 and STAT-3 in monocytes and HMDM. Using a pharmacological approach, we demonstrate that IL-21 enhances phagocytosis by activating some mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT pathways. These results obtained in human monocytes and macrophages have to be considered for a better exploitation of the IL-21/IL-21R system for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vallières
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - D Girard
- Laboratoire de recherche en inflammation et physiologie des granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
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184
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Lo WC, Arsenescu V, Arsenescu RI, Friedman A. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How Effective Is TNF-α Suppression? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165782. [PMID: 27824890 PMCID: PMC5100971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s Disease (CD) results from inappropriate response toward commensal flora. Earlier studies described CD as a Th1 mediated disease. Current models view both phenotypes as a continuum of various permutations between Th1, Th2 and Th17 pathways compounded by a range of Treg disfunctions. In the present paper, we develop a mathematical model, by a system of differential equations, which describe the dynamic relations among these T cells and their cytokines. The model identities four groups of CD patients according to up/down regulation of Th1 and Th2. The model simulations show that immunosuppression by TNF-α blockage benefits the group with Th1High/Th2Low while, by contrast, the group with Th1Low/Th2High will benefit from immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Cheong Lo
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Razvan I. Arsenescu
- Digestive Health Institute, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center of Excellence Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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185
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Mirlekar B, Majumdar S, Khetmalas M, Chattopadhyay S. Regulation of T cell lineage commitment by SMAR1 during inflammatory & autoimmune diseases. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:405-13. [PMID: 26609032 PMCID: PMC4683825 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.169198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: CD4+ T cells are involved in abnormal inflammatory responses causing adverse effects to the body. Th17 cells play a major role in immune disorders and the exact mechanism by which CD4+ T cells regulate its effector Th1 and Th17 phenotype at chromatin level is not clearly understood. This study was aimed to understand the role of matrix associated region (MAR) binding protein SMAR1 (scaffold/matrix attachment region binding protein 1) in T cell differentiation during inflammatory and autoimmune condition using SMAR1 transgenic mice as model. Methods: Wild type (C57BL/6J) and SMAR1 transgenic mice were used for isolation of T cells and further identification of different T cell lineages, along with histological analysis. Further, we studied autoimmune and inflammatory diseases using chemically induced and T cell transfer model of colitis and rheumatoid arthritis to better understand the role of SMAR1 in immune responses. Results: SMAR1 transgenic mice were resistant to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced colitis with decreased expression of Th1 and Th17 specific cytokines. Overexpression of SMAR1 repressed Th17 response by negatively regulating RORγt and IL-17 expression. Downregulation of SMAR1 upregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) and IL-17 expression that caused generation of more proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells leading to inflammation and disease. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results show an important role of SMAR1 in regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation during inflammatory disorders via regulation of both Th1 and Th17 signaling pathways. This study reveals a critical role of SMAR1 in maintaining the proinflammatory immune responses by repressing Th1 and Th17 cell function and it gives the novel insight into immune regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Chromatin & Disease Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
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186
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Tafalla C, Leal E, Yamaguchi T, Fischer U. T cell immunity in the teleost digestive tract. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 64:167-177. [PMID: 26905634 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish (along with cyclostomes) constitute the most ancient animal group in which an acquired immune system is present. As in higher vertebrates, both B and T lymphocytes cooperate in implementing an adequate response. Although there is still a debate on whether fish possess a true gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the presence of diffuse B and T lymphocytes throughout all mucosal surfaces has been demonstrated in a wide variety of fish species. The lack of antibodies against T lymphocyte markers has hampered the performance of functional assays in both systemic and mucosal compartments. However, most components associated with T lymphocyte function have been identified in fish through extensive genomic research, suggesting similar functionalities for fish and mammalian T lymphocytes. Thus, the aim of this review is to briefly summarize what is known in teleost concerning the characteristics and functionalities of the different T cell subsets, to then focus on what is known to date regarding their presence and role in the gastrointestinal tract, through either direct functional assays or indirectly by conclusions drawn from transcriptomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Leal
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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187
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Thompson JS, Hardin DL, Glass JF, Dziba J, Campion J, Brown SA. The Inflammatory Cytokine IL-21 is Expressed by Splenic Neutrophils in Response to Transplantation of Allogeneic Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:1-9. [PMID: 27774526 DOI: 10.15226/2372-0948/4/1/00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that GR-1 neutrophil/monocytes rose dramatically in the spleen, peaked by day 7 and declined through day 14. This period corresponded to the peak of acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) in BALB/c mice transplanted with allogeneic donor cells. We now asked: what cytokines did these splenic neutrophil/monocytes express on day 7 and 14 post transplant? BALB/c mice were transplanted with allogeneic B6 or syngeneic BALB/c donor cells. Long term survival was recorded through day 31. Other groups were sacrificed on days 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 31 days post transplant to record the total number of cells in the spleens and their phenotypes. Neutrophils were isolated from the spleens of mice transplanted with B6 and BALB/c cells on days 7 and 14. Daily body weight demonstrated a transient drop in the syngeneic transplants on day 2 but a much greater drop with its nadir at day 7 and never fully recovering through 31 days. CD8/CD4 T lymphocytes peaked in the spleen on day 5 and were followed on day 7 by GR-I cells in all of the allogeneic transplants. In syngeneic transplants this early rise in lymphocytes did not occur and GR-1 cells peaked on day 14. Highly purified neutrophils were isolated in two separate experiments from the spleens on days 7 and 14 post transplant. In both experiments day 7 allogeneic neutrophils expressed significantly elevated levels of Interleukin-21 (IL-21) mRNA whereas the day 7 and 14 syngeneic cells expressed lower but significant levels of TNFα. Intracellular IL-21 was demonstrated in the allogeneic neutrophils on day 7 before and after in vitro stimulation. In conclusion Purified neutrophils isolated from the spleen on day 7, the early peak of allogeneic transplantation a GVHD, express high levels of IL-21 message and intracellular IL-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Thompson
- VA Medical Center, Lexington Kentucky 40502; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Debra L Hardin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | | | | | | | - Stephen A Brown
- VA Medical Center, Lexington Kentucky 40502; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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188
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Castillo EF, Zheng H, Van Cabanlong C, Dong F, Luo Y, Yang Y, Liu M, Kao WWY, Yang XO. Lumican negatively controls the pathogenicity of murine encephalitic TH17 cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2852-2861. [PMID: 27682997 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TH17 cells play an essential role in the development of both human multiple sclerosis and animal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Nevertheless, it is not well understood how the pathogenicity of TH17 cells is controlled in the autoimmune neuroinflammation. In vitro, we found Lumican (Lum), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, is selectively expressed by TH17 cells among tested murine TH subsets. Lum deficiency leads to earlier onset and enhanced severity of EAE. This enhanced disease in Lum-deficient mice is associated with increased production of IL-17 and IL-21 and decreased TH17 cell apoptosis. Dysregulation in cytokine production appears to be specific to TH17 cells as TH1 and TH2 cell polarization and/or cytokine production were unaltered. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein specific TH17 cells derived from Lum-deficient mice led to earlier onset and increased severity of disease compared to controls highlighting a TH17-cell-intrinsic effect of Lum. Taken together, our results suggest that Lum negatively regulates encephalitic TH17 cells, implicating a potential therapeutic pathway in TH17 cell mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo F Castillo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Handong Zheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christian Van Cabanlong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fei Dong
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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189
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PTEN ameliorates autoimmune arthritis through down-regulating STAT3 activation with reciprocal balance of Th17 and Tregs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34617. [PMID: 27708408 PMCID: PMC5052580 DOI: 10.1038/srep34617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is a tyrosine phosphatase with significant function in inhibiting STAT3 activation. Recently, inactivation of STAT3 has been demonstrated as a therapeutic candidate for autoimmune arthritis. The expression of PTEN controlled by p53 regulates autoimmune arthritis through modulating the balance between Th17 and Treg. We hypothesized that PTEN regulated by p53 might reduce CIA severity and inflammatory response via inhibiting STAT3 activation. Our results revealed that PTEN could ameliorate experimental autoimmune arthritis by reducing STAT3 activity and Th17 differentiation. Systemic infusion of PTEN overexpression downregulated CIA severity. In addition, PTEN overexpression decreased the activation of T cells and modulated reciprocal differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells. We observed that PTEN expression downregulated by p53 deficiency induced the activation of STAT3. Loss of p53 exacerbated autoimmune arthritis and dysregulated the population of Th17 and Treg. These data suggest that induction of STAT3-modulatory activity of PTEN may be a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
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190
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Lebailly B, Langa F, Boitard C, Avner P, Rogner UC. The circadian gene Arntl2 on distal mouse chromosome 6 controls thymocyte apoptosis. Mamm Genome 2016; 28:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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191
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Schütze N, Trojandt S, Kuhn S, Tomm JM, von Bergen M, Simon JC, Polte T. Allergen-Induced IL-6 Regulates IL-9/IL-17A Balance in CD4+ T Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2653-64. [PMID: 27574298 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-9-secreting Th9 cells have been considered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases. To what extent IL-9-producing cells are induced or regulated by sensitization with naturally occurring allergens is not yet clear. Naturally occurring allergens are capable of inducing IL-6 production in dendritic cells (DCs). Whether allergen-induced IL-6 supports a Th9 subtype by increasing IL-9 production, as observed in in vitro studies, or rather favors Th17 differentiation is not finally resolved. Therefore, in the present study we have investigated the impact of IL-6 on the Th9/Th17 balance depending on the predominant cytokine milieu and, additionally, in vivo using a DC-driven murine asthma model. In vitro, IL-6 increases Th9 cells under strong IL-4 and TGF-β activation, whereas under moderate IL-4 and TGF-β activation the presence of IL-6 shifts naive CD4(+) cells to Th17 cells. To induce allergic airway inflammation, OVA-pulsed DCs from IL-6-deficient or wild-type donors were adoptively transferred into BALB/c mice. Recipients receiving IL-6-producing wild-type DCs showed a significant decrease of Th9- and IL-4-producing Th2 cells but an increase of Th17 cells in lung tissue in comparison with recipients sensitized with IL-6-deficient DCs. Our data suggest that the IL-6-mediated reduction of Th2-related IL-4 leads to a decline of the Th9 immune response and allows Th17 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schütze
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Junior Research Group on Pathogenesis of New Allergies, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Stefanie Trojandt
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Junior Research Group on Pathogenesis of New Allergies, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kuhn
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janina M Tomm
- Department of Proteomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Proteomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Metabolomics, UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; and Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Polte
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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192
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Jeon YH, Choi YS. Follicular Helper T (Tfh) Cells in Autoimmune Diseases and Allograft Rejection. Immune Netw 2016; 16:219-32. [PMID: 27574501 PMCID: PMC5002448 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.4.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of high affinity antibodies for antigens is a critical component for the immune system to fight off infectious pathogens. However, it could be detrimental to our body when the antigens that B cells recognize are of self-origin. Follicular helper T, or Tfh, cells are required for the generation of germinal center reactions, where high affinity antibody-producing B cells and memory B cells predominantly develop. As such, Tfh cells are considered as targets to prevent B cells from producing high affinity antibodies against self-antigens, when high affinity autoantibodies are responsible for immunopathologies in autoimmune disorders. This review article provides an overview of current understanding of Tfh cells and discusses it in the context of animal models of autoimmune diseases and allograft rejections for generation of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hui Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Transplant Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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193
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Speeckaert R, Lambert J, Grine L, Van Gele M, De Schepper S, van Geel N. The many faces of interleukin-17 in inflammatory skin diseases. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:892-901. [PMID: 27117954 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is an emerging target for inflammatory skin disorders. Given the remarkable success of its therapeutic inhibition in psoriasis, the pathogenic role of this cytokine is being explored in other immune-mediated diseases. Interestingly, IL-17 is linked to particular skin conditions where its activation coincides with disease flares. The leading hypothesis for its contribution to proinflammatory signalling cascades is driving inflammasome activation. However, IL-17 stimulation also releases a range of noninflammasome-related cytokines from human skin. Furthermore, a role in cytotoxic responses and an important interplay with the microbiome is hypothesized. While treatment failure would be surprising in neutrophilic dermatoses, the picture might be more complex in lymphocyte-mediated conditions. Nonetheless, increasing insights into the pathogenesis suggest that beneficial responses are also probable in the latter conditions. Study of this pathway in the skin reveals some intriguing aspects of the IL-17-related immunological network.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Speeckaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - J Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Grine
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Van Gele
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S De Schepper
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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194
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Meng P, Zhao S, Niu X, Fu N, Su S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Qiao L, Nan Y. Involvement of the Interleukin-23/Interleukin-17 Axis in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Its Treatment Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071070. [PMID: 27428948 PMCID: PMC4964446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) and its downstream factor IL-17 are the key cytokines involved in immune and inflammatory response in chronic liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of the IL-23/Th17 axis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and the efficacy of IL-23/Th17 modulation in response to anti-HCV therapy. Sixty-six HCV-infected patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. The patients received PegIFNa-2a and ribavirin therapy for at least 48 weeks. The plasma level of IL-23 and the number of IL-17A-, IFN-γ-, and IL-21-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and 12, 24, and 48 weeks following treatment were determined. The mRNA level of Th17 immune-associated molecules in PBMCs was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) following treatment with IL-23 agonist or antagonist. Our data showed that, compared to healthy controls, HCV-infected patients had an increased plasma level of IL-23 and increased frequencies of IL-17A- and IFN-γ-producing PBMCs, whereas the HCV patients exhibited a reduced number of IL-21-producing PBMCs. However, the baseline frequencies of IL-21-producing PBMCs were markedly higher in HCV patients who achieved rapid virological response (RVR) than those without RVR. Additionally, the mRNA expressions of IL-21, IFN-γ, myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were significantly upregulated in PBMCs, while FoxP3 expression was suppressed by IL-23 agonist. Thus, the IL-23/Th17 axis plays an important role in development of chronic HCV infection and antiviral response. IL-23 may enhance the antiviral activity of interferon-based therapy by modulating the expression of Th17 cells-associated molecules in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Meng
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Xuemin Niu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Shanshan Su
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Rongqi Wang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Yuguo Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), the University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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195
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Hierarchy within the mammary STAT5-driven Wap super-enhancer. Nat Genet 2016; 48:904-911. [PMID: 27376239 PMCID: PMC4963296 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Super-enhancers comprise of dense transcription factor platforms highly enriched for active chromatin marks. A paucity of functional data led us to investigate their role in the mammary gland, an organ characterized by exceptional gene regulatory dynamics during pregnancy. ChIP-Seq for the master regulator STAT5, the glucocorticoid receptor, H3K27ac and MED1, identified 440 mammary-specific super-enhancers, half of which were associated with genes activated during pregnancy. We interrogated the Wap super-enhancer, generating mice carrying mutations in STAT5 binding sites within its three constituent enhancers. Individually, only the most distal site displayed significant enhancer activity. However, combinatorial mutations showed that the 1,000-fold gene induction relied on all enhancers. Disabling the binding sites of STAT5, NFIB and ELF5 in the proximal enhancer incapacitated the entire super-enhancer, suggesting an enhancer hierarchy. The identification of mammary-specific super-enhancers and the mechanistic exploration of the Wap locus provide insight into the complexity of cell-specific and hormone-regulated genes.
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196
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Chehimi M, Robert M, Bechwaty ME, Vial G, Rieusset J, Vidal H, Pirola L, Eljaafari A. Adipocytes, like their progenitors, contribute to inflammation of adipose tissues through promotion of Th-17 cells and activation of monocytes, in obese subjects. Adipocyte 2016; 5:275-82. [PMID: 27617173 PMCID: PMC5013985 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1134402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) harvested from obese donors induce a pro-inflammatory environment when co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), with a polarization of T cells toward the Th17 cell lineage, increased secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines, and down-regulation of Th1 cytokines, such as IFNγ and TNFα. However, whether differentiated adipocytes, like the aforementioned ASC, are pro-inflammatory in obese subject AT remained to be investigated. Herein, we isolated ASC from AT of obese donors and differentiated them into adipocytes, for either 8 or 14 d. We analyzed their capacity to activate blood MNC after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin A (PHA), or not, in co-culture assays. Our results showed that co-cultures of MNC with adipocytes, like with ASC, increased IL-17A, IL-1β, and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Moreover, like ASC, adipocytes down-regulated TNFα secretion by Th1 cells. As adipocytes differentiated from ASC of lean donors also promoted IL-17A secretion by MNC, an experimental model of high-fat versus chow diet mice was used and supported that adipocytes from obese, but not lean AT, are able to mediate IL-17A secretion by PHA-activated MNCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that, as ASC, adipocytes in obese AT might contribute to the establishment of a low-grade chronic inflammation state.
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197
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The Role of Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in Depression. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.24972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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198
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Park JH, Choi Y, Song MJ, Park K, Lee JJ, Kim HP. Dynamic Long-Range Chromatin Interaction Controls Expression of IL-21 in CD4+ T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:4378-89. [PMID: 27067007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
IL-21, a pleiotropic cytokine strongly linked with autoimmunity and inflammation, regulates diverse immune responses. IL-21 can be potently induced in CD4(+) T cells by IL-6; however, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of the Il21 gene at the chromatin level. In this study, we demonstrated that a conserved noncoding sequence located 49 kb upstream of the Il21 gene contains an enhancer element that can upregulate Il21 gene expression in a STAT3- and NFAT-dependent manner. Additionally, we identified enhancer-blocking insulator elements in the Il21 locus, which constitutively bind CTCF and cohesin. In naive CD4(+) T cells, these upstream and downstream CTCF binding sites interact with each other to make a DNA loop; however, the Il21 promoter does not interact with any cis-elements in the Il21 locus. In contrast, stimulation of CD4(+) T cells with IL-6 leads to recruitment of STAT3 to the promoter and novel distal enhancer region. This induces dynamic changes in chromatin configuration, bringing the promoter and the regulatory elements in close spatial proximity. The long-range interaction between the promoter and distal enhancer region was dependent on IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway but was disrupted in regulatory T cells, where IL-21 expression was repressed. Thus, our work uncovers a novel topological chromatin framework underlying proper transcriptional regulation of the Il21 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hong Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Yeeun Choi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Song
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Keunhee Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and
| | - Jong-Joo Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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199
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Bi L, Wu J, Ye A, Wu J, Yu K, Zhang S, Han Y. Increased Th17 cells and IL-17A exist in patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and promote proliferation and resistance to daunorubicin through activation of Akt signaling. J Transl Med 2016; 14:132. [PMID: 27176825 PMCID: PMC4866013 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune regulation is crucial for the pathogenesis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). It has been reported that Th17 cells as a newly identified subset of CD4(+) T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of several hematological disorders. However, the role of Th17 cells in the pathophysiology of B-ALL is still unclear. METHODS The frequencies of T cells were determined by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 44 newly diagnosed B-ALL patients and 25 age-matched healthy donors. The cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 assay and Annexin V staining, respectively. Western blot was applied to identify the level of Akt and Stat3 phosphorylation. RESULTS We assessed and observed a significantly increased frequency of Th17 cells and a drastically decreased frequency of Th1 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed B-ALL patients compared with healthy donors. Furthermore, increased levels of Th17-related cytokines including IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, IL-1β, and IL-6 were presented in between blood and marrow in B-ALL patients. Both IL-17A and IL-21, two Th17-secreted cytokines, induced the proliferation of B-ALL cell line Nalm-6 and patient B-ALL cells isolated from B-ALL patients, herein either cytokine led to the phosphorylation of Akt and Stat3. Additionally, IL-17A promoted resistance to daunorubicin via activation of Akt signaling and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 or perifosine almost completely rescued daunorubicin-induced cell death in B-ALL cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that elevated Th17 cells secrete IL-17A by which promotes the proliferation and resistance to daunorubicin in B-ALL cells through activation of Akt signaling. Th17 cells may represent a novel target to improve B-ALL immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laixi Bi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Junqing Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Aifang Ye
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China.
| | - Yixiang Han
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China.
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200
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Miyoshi F, Sato K, Mimura T. Changes in the pattern of cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and their relation to plasma arginase activity. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 21:1907-1914. [PMID: 30592386 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to quantify the production of T-cell cytokines from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RA patients before and after treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α infliximab (IFX). METHOD We stimulated the PBMCs of RA patients (n = 24) in vitro and quantified the cytokines in the culture supernatant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Unexpectedly, the cytokines tested, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17, were all found to have increased, rather than decreased, after the treatment. When the patients were divided into two groups according to the plasma activity of arginase, which is implicated in the immune-suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, the substantial increase in the cytokine production ex vivo was only detected in the group in which the arginase activity was decreased after the treatment with IFX. In fact, although the ex vivo production of IL-21 increased along with the other cytokines, the plasma concentration of IL-21 decreased significantly after IFX treatment. CONCLUSION It is important to exercise caution in interpreting ex vivo cytokine production data, in that they can be negatively influenced by the immune-suppressive mechanisms that prevent excessive inflammation. Thus, to analyze the T-cell response accurately, T-cell markers that are detectable in the serum or plasma need to be discovered. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were all below detection limits, but that of IL-21 was detectable in the plasma and inversely correlated with the production of IL-21 ex vivo. This may indicate the involvement of Th17 response in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kojiro Sato
- Department of Rheumatology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mimura
- Department of Rheumatology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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