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MicroRNA-146a Contributes to SCI Recovery via Regulating TRAF6 and IRAK1 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4013487. [PMID: 27830143 PMCID: PMC5086513 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4013487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-146a participates in spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery. Until recently, how miRNA-146a participates in SCI remained unclear. In this study, we tried to explore the roles of miRNA-146a in the recovery of SCI using a rat model. The expression of the probable target genes of miRNA-146a (including IRAK1 and TARF6) as well as proinflammation cytokines were measured until 7 days after surgery in the three groups (sham group, SCI group, and miRNA-146a antagomir injection group). Also, the animals' motivations were estimated using Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) during the whole experiment. A luciferase assay was performed to demonstrate that miRNA-146a could directly target the mRNAs of IRAK1 and TRAF6. Our experiments indicate that miRNA-146a inhibits proinflammatory cytokine secretion by suppressing IRAK1 and TRAF6 expression in the SCI model. In contrast, miRNA-146a may be upregulated by inflammatory mediators via the IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway in the spinal cord. As a negative feedback element, miRNA-146a could make sure that the expression of IRAK1- and TRAF6-mediated genes was under tight control. Thus, miRNA-146a may serve as a novel therapeutic target for SCI interventions.
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152
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Lukiw WJ. Bacteroides fragilis Lipopolysaccharide and Inflammatory Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1544. [PMID: 27725817 PMCID: PMC5035737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome consists of ~3.8 × 1013 symbiotic microorganisms that form a highly complex and dynamic ecosystem: the gastrointestinal (GI) tract constitutes the largest repository of the human microbiome by far, and its impact on human neurological health and disease is becoming increasingly appreciated. Bacteroidetes, the largest phylum of Gram-negative bacteria in the GI tract microbiome, while generally beneficial to the host when confined to the GI tract, have potential to secrete a remarkably complex array of pro-inflammatory neurotoxins that include surface lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and toxic proteolytic peptides. The deleterious effects of these bacterial exudates appear to become more important as GI tract and blood-brain barriers alter or increase their permeability with aging and disease. For example, presence of the unique LPSs of the abundant Bacteroidetes species Bacteroides fragilis (BF-LPS) in the serum represents a major contributing factor to systemic inflammation. BF-LPS is further recognized by TLR2, TLR4, and/or CD14 microglial cell receptors as are the pro-inflammatory 42 amino acid amyloid-beta (Aβ42) peptides that characterize Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Here we provide the first evidence that BF-LPS exposure to human primary brain cells is an exceptionally potent inducer of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65) complex, a known trigger in the expression of pathogenic pathways involved in inflammatory neurodegeneration. This 'Perspectives communication' will in addition highlight work from recent studies that advance novel and emerging concepts on the potential contribution of microbiome-generated factors, such as BF-LPS, in driving pro-inflammatory degenerative neuropathology in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Lukiw
- Bollinger Professor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Neuroscience Center and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
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153
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Lopez MS, Dempsey RJ, Vemuganti R. Resveratrol preconditioning induces cerebral ischemic tolerance but has minimal effect on cerebral microRNA profiles. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1644-50. [PMID: 27323784 PMCID: PMC5012525 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16656202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of the plant-derived polyphenol resveratrol were established in multiple disease systems. Notably, pre-treatment with resveratrol was shown to be neuroprotective in several models of cerebral ischemia. Mechanisms of resveratrol-mediated neuroprotection have been explored in the context of canonical resveratrol targets, but epigenetic and non-coding RNA processes have not yet been evaluated. Resveratrol was shown to alter microRNAs in cancer and cardiac ischemia. Previous studies also showed that ischemic preconditioning that induces ischemic tolerance significantly alters cerebral microRNA levels, particularly those that target neuroprotective pathways. Therefore, we tested if resveratrol-mediated ischemic tolerance also alters microRNA expression with a goal to identify microRNAs that are amenable to manipulation to induce neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. Hence, we tested the microRNA profiles in mouse brain following intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol that induced significant tolerance against transient focal ischemia. We analyzed microRNA profiles using microarrays from both Affymetrix and LC Sciences that contain probes for all known mouse microRNAs. The results show that there is no consistent change in any of the microRNAs tested between resveratrol and vehicle groups indicating that microRNAs play a minimal role in resveratrol-mediated cerebral ischemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Lopez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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154
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Comparison of blood RNA isolation methods from samples stabilized in Tempus tubes and stored at a large human biobank. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:430. [PMID: 27587079 PMCID: PMC5009671 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50,000 adult and cord blood samples were collected in Tempus tubes and stored at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Biobank for future use. In this study, we systematically evaluated and compared five blood-RNA isolation protocols: three blood-RNA isolation protocols optimized for simultaneous isolation of all blood-RNA species (MagMAX RNA Isolation Kit, both manual and semi-automated protocols; and Norgen Preserved Blood RNA kit I); and two protocols optimized for large RNAs only (Tempus Spin RNA, and Tempus 6-port isolation kit). We estimated the following parameters: RNA quality, RNA yield, processing time, cost per sample, and RNA transcript stability of six selected mRNAs and 13 miRNAs using real-time qPCR. FINDINGS Whole blood samples from adults (n = 59 tubes) and umbilical cord blood (n = 18 tubes) samples collected in Tempus tubes were analyzed. High-quality blood-RNAs with average RIN-values above seven were extracted using all five RNA isolation protocols. The transcript levels of the six selected genes showed minimal variation between the five protocols. Unexplained differences within the transcript levels of the 13 miRNA were observed; however, the 13 miRNAs had similar expression direction and they were within the same order of magnitude. Some differences in the RNA processing time and cost were noted. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient amounts of high-quality RNA were obtained using all five protocols, and the Tempus blood RNA system therefore seems not to be dependent on one specific RNA isolation method.
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155
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Ma Y, Tian S, He S, Chen Q, Wang Z, Xiao X, Fu L, Lei X. The mechanism of action of FXR1P-related miR-19b-3p in SH-SY5Y. Gene 2016; 588:62-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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156
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A novel role of microRNA 17-5p in the modulation of circadian rhythm. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30070. [PMID: 27440219 PMCID: PMC4954982 DOI: 10.1038/srep30070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock helps living organisms to adjust their physiology and behaviour to adapt environmental day-night cycles. The period length of circadian rhythm reflects the endogenous cycle transition rate and is modulated by environmental cues or internal molecules, and the latter are of substantial importance but remain poorly revealed. Here, we demonstrated that microRNA 17-5p (miR-17-5p), which has been associated with tumours, was an important factor in controlling the circadian period. MiR-17-5p was rhythmically expressed in synchronised fibroblasts and mouse master clock suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). MiR-17-5p and the gene Clock exhibited a reciprocal regulation: miR-17-5p inhibited the translation of Clock by targeting the 3′UTR (untranslated region) of Clock mRNA, whereas the CLOCK protein directly bound to the promoter of miR-17 and enhanced its transcription and production of miR-17-5p. In addition, miR-17-5p suppressed the expression of Npas2. At the cellular level, bidirectional changes in miR-17-5p or CLOCK resulted in CRY1 elevation. Accordingly, in vivo, both increase and decrease of miR-17-5p in the mouse SCN led to an increase in CRY1 level and shortening of the free-running period. We conclude that miR-17-5p has an important role in the inspection and stabilisation of the circadian-clock period by interacting with Clock and Npas2 and potentially via the output of CRY1.
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157
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Di Meco A, Praticò D. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:367-72. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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158
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Zhang B, Wang LL, Ren RJ, Dammer EB, Zhang YF, Huang Y, Chen SD, Wang G. MicroRNA-146a represses LRP2 translation and leads to cell apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2190-200. [PMID: 27241555 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA regulation of transcript expression has been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigate the role of microRNA-146a (miRNA-146a), a brain-enriched miRNA, which is upregulated in AD patients. Through analysis of predicted targets of miRNA-146a, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (Lrp2), a member of the LDLR family that is known to play a protective role in AD, was identified. Overexpression of miRNA-146a in SH-SY5Y cells significantly decreased Lrp2 expression, resulting in a reduction of Akt activation and induction of proapoptotic caspase-3, thereby increasing cell apoptosis. Thus, specific miRNA-146a regulation may contribute to AD by downregulating the Lrp2/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Li-Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ru-Jing Ren
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong-Fang Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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159
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Deddens JC, Vrijsen KR, Colijn JM, Oerlemans MI, Metz CHG, van der Vlist EJ, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM, den Ouden K, Jansen Of Lorkeers SJ, van der Spoel TIG, Koudstaal S, Arkesteijn GJ, Wauben MHM, van Laake LW, Doevendans PA, Chamuleau SAJ, Sluijter JPG. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Contain miRNAs and are Released as Early Biomarkers for Cardiac Injury. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:291-301. [PMID: 27383837 PMCID: PMC4990609 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasma-circulating microRNAs have been implicated as novel early biomarkers for myocardial infarction (MI) due to their high specificity for cardiac injury. For swift clinical translation of this potential biomarker, it is important to understand their temporal and spatial characteristics upon MI. Therefore, we studied the temporal release, potential source, and transportation of circulating miRNAs in different models of ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. We demonstrated that extracellular vesicles are released from the ischemic myocardium upon I/R injury. Moreover, we provided evidence that cardiac and muscle-specific miRNAs are transported by extracellular vesicles and are rapidly detectable in plasma. Since these vesicles are enriched for the released miRNAs and their detection precedes traditional damage markers, they hold great potential as specific early biomarkers for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C Deddens
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Krijn R Vrijsen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martinus I Oerlemans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corina H G Metz
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Els J van der Vlist
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther N M Nolte-'t Hoen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Krista den Ouden
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stefan Koudstaal
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ger J Arkesteijn
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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160
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van Harten AC, Mulders J, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Oudejans CBM. Differential Expression of microRNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Potential Novel Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:243-52. [PMID: 26402772 DOI: 10.3233/jad-140075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The need to find a better reflection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology led us to investigate differential expression of microRNA (miRNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients compared to matched controls, using a genome-wide data-driven approach. METHODS From the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, we selected 19 AD patients with CSF indicative of AD pathophysiology and 19 age and gender-matched controls without CSF evidence of AD (67 ± 6 years old, 20 [53%] female). We measured 754 miRNA in CSF using qRT-PCR (Taqman Array MicroRNA cards A and B, v3.0) according to the Megaplex Taqman protocol. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed and groups were compared using Linear Models for Microarray Data, a modified t-test. We performed validation analysis using qRT-PCR single assays. RESULTS 144 ± 66 miRNA could be detected using Megaplex array analysis (19% ). Mean Ct (average 32.4 ± 0.5) was correlated to age (r = 0.52, p = 0.001). Five miRNA were differentially expressed in CSF of AD patients. None of these could be replicated. After stratification by age, seven miRNA showed differential expression in late-onset AD, of which lower abundance of let-7a was replicated (log10RQ -1.46, p < 0.05). In early-onset AD, twelve miRNA were differentially expressed of which lower abundance of miRNA-532-3p remained borderline significant (log10RQ -1.27, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Although we could not consistently separate AD patients and controls in the whole group, we have found indications miRNA in CSF are able to reflect aging and perhaps also heterogeneity in AD. Further investigation requires optimizing RNA input, while maintaining strict age matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argonde C van Harten
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Mulders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees B M Oudejans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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161
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Hollins SL, Cairns MJ. MicroRNA: Small RNA mediators of the brains genomic response to environmental stress. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 143:61-81. [PMID: 27317386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The developmental processes that establish the synaptic architecture of the brain while retaining capacity for activity-dependent remodeling, are complex and involve a combination of genetic and epigenetic influences. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to problems with neural circuitry which manifest in humans as a range of neurodevelopmental syndromes, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and fragile X mental retardation. Recent studies suggest that prenatal, postnatal and intergenerational environmental factors play an important role in the aetiology of stress-related psychopathology. A number of these disorders have been shown to display epigenetic changes in the postmortem brain that reflect early life experience. These changes affect the regulation of gene expression though chromatin remodeling (transcriptional) and post-transcriptional influences, especially small noncoding microRNA (miRNA). These dynamic and influential molecules appear to play an important function in both brain development and its adaption to stress. In this review, we examine the role of miRNA in mediating the brain's response to both prenatal and postnatal environmental perturbations and explore how stress- induced alterations in miRNA expression can regulate the stress response via modulation of the immune system. Given the close relationship between environmental stress, miRNA, and brain development/function, we assert that miRNA hold a significant position at the molecular crossroads between neural development and adaptations to environmental stress. A greater understanding of the dynamics that mediate an individual's predisposition to stress-induced neuropathology has major human health benefits and is an important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Hollins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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162
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163
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MicroRNA-146a suppresses ROCK1 allowing hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26697. [PMID: 27221467 PMCID: PMC4879631 DOI: 10.1038/srep26697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-146a is upregulated in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we show that the rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) is a target of microRNA-146a in neural cells. Knockdown of ROCK1 mimicked the effects of microRNA-146a overexpression and induced abnormal tau phosphorylation, which was associated with inhibition of phosphorylation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The ROCK1/PTEN pathway has been implicated in the neuronal hyperphosphorylation of tau that occurs in AD. To determine the function of ROCK1 in AD, brain tissue from 17 donors with low, intermediate or high probability of AD pathology were obtained and analyzed. Data showed that ROCK1 protein levels were reduced and ROCK1 colocalised with hyperphosphorylated tau in early neurofibrillary tangles. Intra-hippocampal delivery of a microRNA-146a specific inhibitor (antagomir) into 5xFAD mice showed enhanced hippocampal levels of ROCK1 protein and repressed tau hyperphosphorylation, partly restoring memory function in the 5xFAD mice. Our in vitro and in vivo results confirm that dysregulation of microRNA-146a biogenesis contributes to tau hyperphosphorylation and AD pathogenesis, and inhibition of this microRNA could be a viable novel in vivo therapy for AD.
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164
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van Scheppingen J, Iyer AM, Prabowo AS, Mühlebner A, Anink JJ, Scholl T, Feucht M, Jansen FE, Spliet WG, Krsek P, Zamecnik J, Buccoliero AM, Giordano F, Genitori L, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Jaworski J, Liszewska E, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Expression of microRNAs miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in tuberous sclerosis complex cortical tubers and their regulation in human astrocytes and SEGA-derived cell cultures. Glia 2016; 64:1066-82. [PMID: 27014996 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease presenting with multiple neurological symptoms including epilepsy, mental retardation, and autism. Abnormal activation of various inflammatory pathways has been observed in astrocytes in brain lesions associated with TSC. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response. To study the role of inflammation-related microRNAs in TSC, we employed real-time PCR and in situ hybridization to characterize the expression of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in TSC lesions (cortical tubers and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, SEGAs). We observed an increased expression of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in TSC tubers compared with control and perituberal brain tissue. Expression was localized in dysmorphic neurons, giant cells, and reactive astrocytes and positively correlated with IL-1β expression. In addition, cultured human astrocytes and SEGA-derived cell cultures were used to study the regulation of the expression of these miRNAs in response to the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and to evaluate the effects of overexpression or knockdown of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 on inflammatory signaling. IL-1β stimulation of cultured glial cells strongly induced intracellular miR21, miR146a, and miR155 expression, as well as miR146a extracellular release. IL-1β signaling was differentially modulated by overexpression of miR155 or miR146a, which resulted in pro- or anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. This study provides supportive evidence that inflammation-related microRNAs play a role in TSC. In particular, miR146a and miR155 appear to be key players in the regulation of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response, with miR146a as most interesting anti-inflammatory therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A S Prabowo
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Krsek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A M Buccoliero
- Pathology Unit, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - K Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Jozwiak
- Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Liszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
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Zuo H, Yuan J, Chen Y, Li S, Su Z, Wei E, Li C, Weng S, Xu X, He J. A MicroRNA-Mediated Positive Feedback Regulatory Loop of the NF-κB Pathway in Litopenaeus vannamei. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3842-53. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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166
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microRNA-34a-Mediated Down-Regulation of the Microglial-Enriched Triggering Receptor and Phagocytosis-Sensor TREM2 in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150211. [PMID: 26949937 PMCID: PMC4780721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of Aβ42-peptides and the formation of drusen in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are due in part to the inability of homeostatic phagocytic mechanisms to clear self-aggregating Aβ42-peptides from the extracellular space. The triggering receptor expressed in myeloid/microglial cells-2 (TREM2), a trans-membrane-spanning, sensor-receptor of the immune-globulin/lectin-like gene superfamily is a critical component of Aβ42-peptide clearance. Here we report a significant deficit in TREM2 in AMD retina and in cytokine- or oxidatively-stressed microglial (MG) cells. RT-PCR, miRNA-array, LED-Northern and Western blot studies indicated up-regulation of a microglial-enriched NF-кB-sensitive miRNA-34a coupled to a down-regulation of TREM2 in the same samples. Bioinformatics/transfection-luciferase reporter assays indicated that miRNA-34a targets the 299 nucleotide TREM2-mRNA-3'UTR, resulting in TREM2 down-regulation. C8B4-microglial cells challenged with Aβ42 were able to phagocytose these peptides, while miRNA-34a down-regulated both TREM2 and the ability of microglial-cells to phagocytose. Treatment of TNFα-stressed MG cells with phenyl-butyl nitrone (PBN), caffeic-acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), the NF-kB - [corrected] inhibitor/resveratrol analog CAY10512 or curcumin abrogated these responses. Incubation of anti-miRNA-34a (AM-34a) normalized miRNA-34a abundance and restored TREM2 back to homeostatic levels. These data support five novel observations: (i) that a ROS- and NF-kB - [corrected] sensitive, miRNA-34a-mediated modulation of TREM2 may in part regulate the phagocytic response; (ii) that gene products encoded on two different chromosomes (miRNA-34a at chr1q36.22 and TREM2 at chr6p21.1) orchestrate a phagocytic-Aβ42-peptide clearance-system; (iii) that this NF-kB-mediated-miRNA-34a-TREM2 mechanism is inducible from outside of the cell; (iv) that when operating normally, this pathway can clear Aβ42 peptide monomers from the extracellular medium; and (v) that anti-NF-kB and/or anti-miRNA (AM)-based therapeutic strategies may be useful against deficits in TREM-2 receptor-based-sensing and -phagocytic signaling that promote pathogenic amyloidogenesis.
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167
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Huang C, Liu XJ, QunZhou, Xie J, Ma TT, Meng XM, Li J. MiR-146a modulates macrophage polarization by inhibiting Notch1 pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 32:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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168
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Zhang W, Edwards A, Fan W, Flemington EK, Zhang K. The modularity and dynamicity of miRNA-mRNA interactions in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and the prognostic implication. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 63:3-14. [PMID: 26949157 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the fifth-leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Major reasons for this persistent mortality include the poor understanding of the underlying biology and a lack of reliable biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that aberrantly expressed MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. However, the interference of miRNAs in tumorigenesis is quite complicated and far from being fully understood. In this work, by an integrative analysis of mRNA expression, miRNA expression and clinical data published by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we studied the modularity and dynamicity of miRNA-mRNA interactions and the prognostic implications in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. With the top transcriptional correlations (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value<0.01) as inputs, we identified five miRNA-mRNA module pairs (MPs), each of which included one positive-connection (correlation) module and one negative-connection (correlation) module. The number of miRNAs or mRNAs in each module varied from 3 to 7 or from 2 to 873. Among the four major negative-connection modules, three fit well with the widely accepted miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation theory. These modules were enriched with the genes relevant to cell cycle and immune response. Moreover, we proposed two novel algorithms to reveal the group or sample specific dynamic regulations between these two RNA classes. The obtained miRNA-mRNA dynamic network contains 3350 interactions captured across different cancer progression stages or tumor grades. We found that those dynamic interactions tended to concentrate on a few miRNAs (e.g. miRNA-936), and were more likely present on the miRNA-mRNA pairs outside the discovered modules. In addition, we also pinpointed a robust prognostic signature consisting of 56 modular protein-coding genes, whose co-expression patterns were predictive for the survival time of ovarian cancer patients in multiple independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States.
| | - Andrea Edwards
- Department of Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States.
| | - Wei Fan
- Big Data Lab, Baidu Research, 1195 Bordeaux Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94089, United States.
| | - Erik K Flemington
- Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States.
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169
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Zhao Y, Alexandrov PN, Lukiw WJ. Anti-microRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Clinical Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:59. [PMID: 26941600 PMCID: PMC4766517 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview- One hundred and ten years since its first description Alzheimer's disease (AD) still retains its prominent status: (i) as the industrialized world's number one cause of age-related intellectual impairment and cognitive decline; (ii) as this country's most rapidly expanding socioeconomic and healthcare concern; and (iii) as an insidious, progressive and lethal neurological disorder of the human central nervous system (CNS) for which there is currently no adequate treatment or cure (Alzheimer, 1991; Alzheimer et al., 1991, 1995) [https://www.alz.org/facts/downloads/facts_figures_2015.pdf (2015)]. The concept of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as being involved in the etiopathogenesis of AD and age-related human neurodegenerative disease was first proposed about 25 years ago, however it was not until 2007 that specific microRNA (miRNA) abundance, speciation and localization to the hippocampal CA1 region (an anatomical area of the human CNS specifically targeted by the AD process) was shown to strongly associate with AD-type change when compared to age-matched controls (Lukiw et al., 1992; Lukiw, 2007; Schipper et al., 2007; Cogswell et al., 2008; Guerreiro et al., 2012). Currently about 400 reports address the potential link between disruptions in miRNA signaling and the development of various features associated with AD neuropathology (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=micro+RNA+alzheimer's+disease). In this “Perspectives” paper we will highlight some of the most recent literature on anti-miRNA (AM; antagomir) therapeutic strategies and some very recent technological advances in the analysis and characterization of defective miRNA signaling pathways in AD compared to neurologically normal age-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA; Department Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
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170
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Su W, Aloi MS, Garden GA. MicroRNAs mediating CNS inflammation: Small regulators with powerful potential. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 52:1-8. [PMID: 26148445 PMCID: PMC5030842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs (~22 nucleotides) that fine-tune protein expression by either silencing mRNA translation or directly targeting gene transcripts for degradation. In the central nervous system (CNS), neuroinflammation plays a critical role in brain injury and neurodegeneration. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of miRNAs as key regulators of neuroinflammation. Altered expression or function of particular miRNAs has been identified in various CNS pathological conditions, including neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases. Several miRNAs have been shown to play a critical role in the microglia-mediated inflammatory response including miR-155 and miR-146a. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the field of miRNAs associated with CNS inflammation, including our studies of unique inflammatory pathways involving miR-155 and miR-146a. We discuss how specific miRNAs influence microglia activation states in response to inflammatory stimuli, and describe the potential of miRNAs as both biomarkers of inflammation and therapeutic tools for the modulation of microglia behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Macarena S Aloi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gwenn A Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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171
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Mushtaq G, Greig NH, Anwar F, Zamzami MA, Choudhry H, Shaik MM, Tamargo IA, Kamal MA. miRNAs as Circulating Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Med Chem 2016; 12:217-25. [PMID: 26527155 PMCID: PMC6138249 DOI: 10.2174/1573406411666151030112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Detection of biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) within brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has always been hampered by our inability to access and biopsy tissue of key brain regions implicated in disease occurrence and progression. Currently, diagnosis of NDDs is principally based on clinical observations of symptoms that present at later stages of disease progression, followed by neuroimaging and, possibly, CSF evaluation. One way to potentially detect and diagnose NDDs at a far earlier stage is to screen for abnormal levels of specific disease markers within the peripheral circulation of patients with NDDs. Increasing evidence suggests that there is dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in NDDs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as biofluids, such as plasma, serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid, contain miRNAs that can be identified and quantified. Circulating miRNAs within blood and other biofluids may thus be characterized and used as non-invasive, diagnostic biomarkers that facilitate the early detection of disease and potentially the continual monitoring of disease progression for NDDs such as AD and PD. Plainly, such a screen is only possible with a clear understanding of which miRNAs change with disease, and when these changes occur during the progression of AD and PD. Such information is becoming increasingly available and, in the near future, may not only support disease diagnosis, but provide the opportunity to evaluate therapeutic interventions earlier in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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172
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Cacabelos R, Torrellas C. Epigenetics of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Response. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30483-543. [PMID: 26703582 PMCID: PMC4691177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic variability (DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modifications, microRNA regulation) is common in physiological and pathological conditions. Epigenetic alterations are present in different tissues along the aging process and in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Epigenetics affect life span and longevity. AD-related genes exhibit epigenetic changes, indicating that epigenetics might exert a pathogenic role in dementia. Epigenetic modifications are reversible and can potentially be targeted by pharmacological intervention. Epigenetic drugs may be useful for the treatment of major problems of health (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disorders, brain disorders). The efficacy and safety of these and other medications depend upon the efficiency of the pharmacogenetic process in which different clusters of genes (pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter, pleiotropic) are involved. Most of these genes are also under the influence of the epigenetic machinery. The information available on the pharmacoepigenomics of most drugs is very limited; however, growing evidence indicates that epigenetic changes are determinant in the pathogenesis of many medical conditions and in drug response and drug resistance. Consequently, pharmacoepigenetic studies should be incorporated in drug development and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165-Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clara Torrellas
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165-Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692-Madrid, Spain.
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173
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MicroRNA (miRNA) Signaling in the Human CNS in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-Novel and Unique Pathological Features. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30105-16. [PMID: 26694372 PMCID: PMC4691165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the approximately ~2.65 × 103 mature microRNAs (miRNAs) so far identified in Homo sapiens, only a surprisingly small but select subset—about 35–40—are highly abundant in the human central nervous system (CNS). This fact alone underscores the extremely high selection pressure for the human CNS to utilize only specific ribonucleotide sequences contained within these single-stranded non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) for productive miRNA–mRNA interactions and the down-regulation of gene expression. In this article we will: (i) consolidate some of our still evolving ideas concerning the role of miRNAs in the CNS in normal aging and in health, and in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related forms of chronic neurodegeneration; and (ii) highlight certain aspects of the most current work in this research field, with particular emphasis on the findings from our lab of a small pathogenic family of six inducible, pro-inflammatory, NF-κB-regulated miRNAs including miRNA-7, miRNA-9, miRNA-34a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-146a and miRNA-155. This group of six CNS-abundant miRNAs significantly up-regulated in sporadic AD are emerging as what appear to be key mechanistic contributors to the sporadic AD process and can explain much of the neuropathology of this common, age-related inflammatory neurodegeneration of the human CNS.
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174
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Marei HE, Althani A, Suhonen J, El Zowalaty ME, Albanna MA, Cenciarelli C, Wang T, Caceci T. Common and Rare Genetic Variants Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1432-7. [PMID: 26496533 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most devastating disorders. Despite the continuing increase of its incidence among aging populations, no effective cure has been developed mainly due to difficulties in early diagnosis of the disease before damaging of the brain, and the failure to explore its complex underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent technological advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and high throughput next generation whole genome, and exome sequencing had deciphered many of AD-related loci, and discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with altered AD molecular pathways. Highlighting altered molecular pathways linked to AD pathogenesis is crucial to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic AD targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jaana Suhonen
- Department of Neurology, Al-Ahli Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Carlo Cenciarelli
- CNR-Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma-Italy
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Thomas Caceci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
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175
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Wu HZY, Ong KL, Seeher K, Armstrong NJ, Thalamuthu A, Brodaty H, Sachdev P, Mather K. Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 49:755-66. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Zong Ying Wu
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Katrin Seeher
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola J. Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain and Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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176
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Pan Y, Liu R, Terpstra E, Wang Y, Qiao F, Wang J, Tong Y, Pan B. Dysregulation and Diagnostic Potential of microRNA in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 49:1-12. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqian Pan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruizhu Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Erin Terpstra
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Fangfang Qiao
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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177
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Gupta S, Verma S, Mantri S, Berman NE, Sandhir R. Targeting MicroRNAs in Prevention and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:397-418. [PMID: 26359796 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are key regulators of gene expression. They act on wide range of targets by binding to mRNA via imperfect complementarity at 3' UTR. Evidence suggests that miRNAs regulate many biological processes including neuronal development, differentiation, and disease. Altered expression of several miRNAs has been reported in many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Many miRNAs are altered in these diseases, but miRNA 15, miRNA 21, and miRNA 146a have been shown to play critical role in many neurodegenerative conditions. As these miRNAs regulate many genes, miRNA targeted approaches would allow concurrently targeting of multiple effectors of pathways that regulate disease progression. In this review, we describe the role of miRNAs in various NDDs and their potential as therapeutic tools in prevention and treatment of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Savita Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shrikant Mantri
- Computational Biology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 160071, India
| | - Nancy E Berman
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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178
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Motedayyen H, Ghotloo S, Saffari M, Sattari M, Amid R. Evaluation of MicroRNA-146a and Its Targets in Gingival Tissues of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1380-5. [PMID: 26313020 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. miRNA-146a (miR-146a), a member of the miR-146 family, is involved in the control of inflammation. Periodontitis is a set of chronic inflammatory disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth that lead to the breakdown of alveolar bone and tooth loss. In this study, expression levels of miR-146a and its targets, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, are evaluated in human patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS The study population consisted of 10 healthy controls and 20 individuals with CP. For each participant, clinical parameters including probing depth and clinical attachment level were measured, and a gingival tissue sample was collected. Levels of miR-146a, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Levels of miR-146a were significantly higher in patients with CP (P <0.001). There was a positive correlation between levels of miR-146a and clinical parameters (P <0.05). Elevated miR-146a was accompanied by a significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CP had higher levels of miR-146a than healthy individuals, accompanied by reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6. A positive relationship between miR-146a levels and clinical parameters suggests a pathophysiologic role of miR-146a in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Motedayyen
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mandana Sattari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amid
- Periodontics Department, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
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179
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Shadfar S, Hwang CJ, Lim MS, Choi DY, Hong JT. Involvement of inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory agents. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2106-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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180
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Lardenoije R, Iatrou A, Kenis G, Kompotis K, Steinbusch HWM, Mastroeni D, Coleman P, Lemere CA, Hof PR, van den Hove DLA, Rutten BPF. The epigenetics of aging and neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 131:21-64. [PMID: 26072273 PMCID: PMC6477921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a quickly growing field encompassing mechanisms regulating gene expression that do not involve changes in the genotype. Epigenetics is of increasing relevance to neuroscience, with epigenetic mechanisms being implicated in brain development and neuronal differentiation, as well as in more dynamic processes related to cognition. Epigenetic regulation covers multiple levels of gene expression; from direct modifications of the DNA and histone tails, regulating the level of transcription, to interactions with messenger RNAs, regulating the level of translation. Importantly, epigenetic dysregulation currently garners much attention as a pivotal player in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, where it may mediate interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors, or directly interact with disease-specific pathological factors. We review current knowledge about the major epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and DNA demethylation, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs, as well as the involvement of these mechanisms in normal aging and in the pathophysiology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we examine the current state of epigenetics-based therapeutic strategies for these diseases, which either aim to restore the epigenetic homeostasis or skew it to a favorable direction to counter disease pathology. Finally, methodological challenges of epigenetic investigations and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Lardenoije
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Artemis Iatrou
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Kompotis
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, 1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; L.J. Roberts Alzheimer's Disease Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Paul Coleman
- L.J. Roberts Alzheimer's Disease Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
| | - Cynthia A Lemere
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel L A van den Hove
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Fuechsleinstrasse 15, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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181
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Zhao Y, Bhattacharjee S, Jones BM, Hill JM, Clement C, Sambamurti K, Dua P, Lukiw WJ. Beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein (βAPP) Processing in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:533-44. [PMID: 25204496 PMCID: PMC4362880 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid is a generic term for insoluble, often intensely hydrophobic, fibrous protein aggregates that arise from inappropriately folded versions of naturally-occurring polypeptides. The abnormal generation and accumulation of amyloid, often referred to as amyloidogenesis, has been associated with the immune and pro-inflammatory pathology of several progressive age-related diseases of the human central nervous system (CNS) including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This 'research perspective' paper reviews some of the research history, biophysics, molecular-genetics and environmental factors concerning the contribution of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, derived from beta-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), to AD and AMD that suggests an extensive similarity in immune and inflammatory degenerative mechanisms between these two CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Brandon M. Jones
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - James M. Hill
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
| | - Christian Clement
- Department of Natural Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA
| | | | - Prerna Dua
- Department of Health Information Management, Louisiana State University, Ruston, LA 71272 USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112 USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA
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182
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Gao J, Wang D, Liu D, Liu M, Ge Y, Jiang M, Liu Y, Zheng D. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages and re-educates tumor-associated macrophages to an antitumor phenotype. Mol Biol Cell 2015. [PMID: 26224317 PMCID: PMC4569310 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reveals that tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α in macrophages, especially in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TRAIL re-educates TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and induces their cytotoxicity to tumor cells. This study provides new evidence for TRAIL in immune regulation of macrophages and sheds light on TRAIL-based antitumor therapy in human patients. Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising candidate for cancer therapy, because it can induce apoptosis in various tumor cells but not in most normal cells. Although it is well known that TRAIL and its receptors are expressed in many types of normal cells, including immune cells, their immunological effects and regulatory mechanisms are still obscure. In the present study, we demonstrated that TRAIL affected the activity of NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) and the expression of its downstream proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (interleukin-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α in macrophages. TRAIL also induced microRNA-146a (miR-146a) expression in an NF-κB–dependent manner. As a result, miR-146a was involved as a negative-feedback regulator in the down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, the suppression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities by trichostatin A improved miR-146a expression due to the up-regulation of the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB at the miR-146a promoter in TRAIL-induced macrophages, suggesting that histone acetylation was involved in the suppression of miR-146a expression. Further investigation revealed that the HDAC subtype HDAC1 directly regulated the expression of miR-146a in TRAIL-stimulated macrophages. Finally, the TRAIL-sensitive human non small cell lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H460 was used to elucidate the physiological significance of TRAIL with respect to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We demonstrated that TRAIL re-educated TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and induced cytotoxic effects in the tumor cells. These data provide new evidence for TRAIL in the immune regulation of macrophages and may shed light on TRAIL-based antitumor therapy in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yehua Ge
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Minghong Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dexian Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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183
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Abstract
Background and Purpose Perihematomal edema (PHE) contributes to secondary brain damage and aggravates patient outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable in circulation, and their unique expression profiles have fundamental roles in modulating vascular disease. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that altered miRNA levels are associated with PHE in ICH patients. Methods Hematoma and PHE volumes of ICH patients were measured on admission and in follow-up computed tomography scans. Whole-genome miRNA profiles of ICH patients and healthy controls were determined using the Exiqon miRCURY LNA Array, and validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatics analysis investigated dysregulated miRNA target genes and the signaling pathways involved. Results We identified 55 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in ICH patients compared with normal controls, of which 54 were down-regulated and one was up-regulated. qRT-PCR confirmation showed decreases in miR-126 (0.63-fold), miR-146a (0.64-fold), miR-let-7a (0.50-fold), and miR-26a (0.54-fold) in ICH patients relative to controls. Serum miR-126, but not miR-146a, miR-let-7a or miR-26a, levels were significantly correlated with relative PHE volume on days 3–4 (r = −0.714; P<0.001) in patients with ICH. Conclusions ICH patients appear to have a specific miRNA expression profile. Low expression of miR-126 was positively correlated with the extent of PHE, suggesting it may have a pathogenic role in the development of PHE after ICH.
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184
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Pogue AI, Dua P, Hill JM, Lukiw WJ. Progressive inflammatory pathology in the retina of aluminum-fed 5xFAD transgenic mice. J Inorg Biochem 2015. [PMID: 26213226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
At least 57 murine transgenic models for Alzheimer's disease (Tg-AD) have been developed to overexpress the 42 amino acid amyloid-beta (Aβ42) peptide in the central nervous system (CNS). These 'humanized murine Tg-AD models' have greatly expanded our understanding of the contribution of Aβ42 peptide-mediated pro-inflammatory neuropathology to the AD process. A number of independent laboratories using different amyloid-overexpressing Tg-AD models have shown that supplementation of murine Tg-AD diets and/or drinking water with aluminum significantly enhances Aβ42 peptide-mediated inflammatory pathology and AD-type cognitive change compared to animals receiving control diets. In humans AD-type pathology appears to originate in the limbic system and progressively spreads into primary processing and sensory regions such as the retina. In these studies, for the first time, we assess the propagation of Aβ42 and inflammatory signals into the retina of 5xFAD Tg-AD amyloid-overexpressing mice whose diets were supplemented with aluminum. The two most interesting findings were (1) that similar to other Tg-AD models, there was a significantly accelerated development of Aβ42 and inflammatory pathology in 5xFAD Tg-AD mice fed aluminum; and (2) in aluminum-supplemented animals, markers for inflammatory pathology appeared in both the brain and the retina as evidenced by an evolving presence of Aβ42 peptides, and accompanied by inflammatory markers - cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The results indicate that in the 5xFAD Tg-AD model aluminum not only enhances an Aβ42-mediated inflammatory degeneration of the brain but also appears to induce AD-type pathology in an anatomically-linked primary sensory area that involves vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Pogue
- Alchem Biotech, Toronto ON M5S 1A8 CANADA
| | - P Dua
- Department of Health Information Management, Louisiana State University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - J M Hill
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - W J Lukiw
- Alchem Biotech, Toronto ON M5S 1A8 CANADA; Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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185
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Millan MJ. The epigenetic dimension of Alzheimer's disease: causal, consequence, or curiosity? DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 25364287 PMCID: PMC4214179 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.3/mmillan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-onset, familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rare and may be attributed to disease-causinq mutations. By contrast, late onset, sporadic (non-Mendelian) AD is far more prevalent and reflects the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors, together with the disruption of epigenetic mechanisms controlling gene expression. Accordingly, abnormal patterns of histone acetylation and methylation, as well as anomalies in global and promoter-specific DNA methylation, have been documented in AD patients, together with a deregulation of noncoding RNA. In transgenic mouse models for AD, epigenetic dysfunction is likewise apparent in cerebral tissue, and it has been directly linked to cognitive and behavioral deficits in functional studies. Importantly, epigenetic deregulation interfaces with core pathophysiological processes underlying AD: excess production of Aβ42, aberrant post-translational modification of tau, deficient neurotoxic protein clearance, axonal-synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and cell cycle re-entry. Reciprocally, DNA methylation, histone marks and the levels of diverse species of microRNA are modulated by Aβ42, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, epigenetic mechanisms are broadly deregulated in AD mainly upstream, but also downstream, of key pathophysiological processes. While some epigenetic shifts oppose the evolution of AD, most appear to drive its progression. Epigenetic changes are of irrefutable importance for AD, but they await further elucidation from the perspectives of pathogenesis, biomarkers and potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Pole of Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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186
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Zhang B, Wang A, Xia C, Lin Q, Chen C. A single nucleotide polymorphism in primary-microRNA-146a reduces the expression of mature microRNA-146a in patients with Alzheimer's disease and is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4037-4042. [PMID: 26095531 PMCID: PMC4526084 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most common form of dementia among the aging population. Although the incidence of the disease continues to increase, no cure has been developed. Effective treatment is restricted not only due to the lack of curative medicine, but also due to limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the diffculties in accurately diagnosing AD in its earliest stages prior to clinical symptoms. Micro (mi) RNAs (miR) have gained increasing attention in the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous reports have demonstrated that deregulation of miR-146a-5p is associated with the pathogenesis of human AD. In the present study, the coding region of primary (pri)-miR-146a in patients with AD was scanned and the rare C allele of rs2910164 was found to be associated with AD. Using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, it was demonstrated that site variation reduced the expression of mature miR-146a-5p. Notably, a reduction in the expression of miR-146a-5p led to less effcient inhibition of target genes, including Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, which is important in the pathogenesis of AD. Biological function investigations in RAW264.7 cells indicated that, compared with the G allele, the rare C allele upregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α following stimulation with β-amyloid. These findings suggested that one common polymorphism in pri-miR-146a may contribute to the genetic predisposition to AD by disrupting the production of miR-146a-5p and affecting the expression and function of TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Aihong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Xia
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Qunfeng Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Chunfu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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187
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Serum MicroRNA Profiles Serve as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:625659. [PMID: 26078483 PMCID: PMC4452867 DOI: 10.1155/2015/625659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and promptly diagnosis of AD is crucial for delaying the development of disease and improving patient quality of life. However, AD detection, particularly in the early stages, remains a substantial challenge due to the lack of specific biomarkers. The present study was undertaken to identify and validate the potential of circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for AD. Solexa sequencing was employed to screen the expression profile of serum miRNAs in AD and controls. RT-qPCR was used to confirm the altered miRNAs at the individual level. Moreover, candidate miRNAs were examined in the serum samples of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and vascular dementia (VD). The results showed that four miRNAs (miR-31, miR-93, miR-143, and miR-146a) were markedly decreased in AD patients' serum compared with controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that this panel of four miRNAs could be used as potential biomarker for AD. Furthermore, miR-93, and miR-146a were significantly elevated in MCI compared with controls, and the panel of miR-31, miR-93 and miR-146a can be used to discriminate AD from VD. We established a panel of four serum miRNAs as a novel noninvasive biomarker for AD diagnosis.
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188
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MicroRNA Profiling of CSF Reveals Potential Biomarkers to Detect Alzheimer`s Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126423. [PMID: 25992776 PMCID: PMC4439119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The miRBase-21 database currently lists 1881 microRNA (miRNA) precursors and 2585 unique mature human miRNAs. Since their discovery, miRNAs have proved to present a new level of epigenetic post-transcriptional control of protein synthesis. Initial results point to a possible involvement of miRNA in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We applied OpenArray technology to profile the expression of 1178 unique miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of AD patients (n = 22) and controls (n = 28). Using a Cq of 34 as cut-off, we identified positive signals for 441 miRNAs, while 729 miRNAs could not be detected, indicating that at least 37% of miRNAs are present in the brain. We found 74 miRNAs being down- and 74 miRNAs being up-regulated in AD using a 1.5 fold change threshold. By applying the new explorative “Measure of relevance” method, 6 reliable and 9 informative biomarkers were identified. Confirmatory MANCOVA revealed reliable miR-100, miR-146a and miR-1274a as differentially expressed in AD reaching Bonferroni corrected significance. MANCOVA also confirmed differential expression of informative miR-103, miR-375, miR-505#, miR-708, miR-4467, miR-219, miR-296, miR-766 and miR-3622b-3p. Discrimination analysis using a combination of miR-100, miR-103 and miR-375 was able to detect AD in CSF by positively classifying controls and AD cases with 96.4% and 95.5% accuracy, respectively. Referring to the Ingenuity database we could identify a set of AD associated genes that are targeted by these miRNAs. Highly predicted targets included genes involved in the regulation of tau and amyloid pathways in AD like MAPT, BACE1 and mTOR.
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189
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Müller M, Jäkel L, Bruinsma IB, Claassen JA, Kuiperij HB, Verbeek MM. MicroRNA-29a Is a Candidate Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease in Cell-Free Cerebrospinal Fluid. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2894-2899. [PMID: 25895659 PMCID: PMC4902829 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The identification of reliable biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains challenging. Recently, abnormal levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-125b in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients were reported. We aimed to confirm the biomarker potential of these miRNAs for AD diagnosis. Additionally, we examined the influence of blood contamination on CSF miRNA levels as potential confounding factor. We studied expression levels of the four miRNAs by quantitative PCR in CSF samples of AD patients and non-demented controls, and in blood-spiked CSF. Levels of miR-29a, but not of the other three miRNAs, were increased by a factor of 2.2 in CSF of AD patients. Spiking of small amounts of blood into CSF revealed that miR-27a and miR-29a, but not miR-125b levels were strongly influenced by the number of blood cells in the sample. In conclusion, miR-29a may be a candidate biomarker for AD, but only when used in cell-free CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Müller
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Jäkel
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona B Bruinsma
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Claassen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Cui L, Tao H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Xu Z, Zhou H, Cai Y, Yao L, Chen B, Liang W, Liu Y, Cheng W, Liu T, Ma G, Li Y, Zhao B, Li K. A functional polymorphism of the microRNA-146a gene is associated with susceptibility to drug-resistant epilepsy and seizures frequency. Seizure 2015; 27:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Upregulation of microRNA-146a by hepatitis B virus X protein contributes to hepatitis development by downregulating complement factor H. mBio 2015; 6:mBio.02459-14. [PMID: 25805734 PMCID: PMC4453536 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02459-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic injuries in hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients are caused by immune responses of the host. In our previous study, microRNA-146a (miR-146a), an innate immunity-related miRNA, and complement factor H (CFH), an important negative regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation, were differentially expressed in HBV-expressing and HBV-free hepatocytes. Here, the roles of these factors in HBV-related liver inflammation were analyzed in detail. The expression levels of miR-146a and CFH in HBV-expressing hepatocytes were assessed via analyses of hepatocyte cell lines, transgenic mice, adenovirus-infected mice, and HBV-positive human liver samples. The expression level of miR-146a was upregulated in HBV-expressing Huh-7 hepatocytes, HBV-expressing mice, and patients with HBV infection. Further results demonstrated that the HBV X protein (HBx) was responsible for its effects on miR-146a expression through NF-κB-mediated enhancement of miR-146a promoter activity. HBV/HBx also downregulated the expression of CFH mRNA in hepatocyte cell lines and the livers of humans and transgenic mice. Furthermore, overexpression and inhibition of miR-146a in Huh-7 cells downregulated and upregulated CFH mRNA levels, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-146a downregulated CFH mRNA expression in hepatocytes via 3′-untranslated-region (UTR) pairing. The overall effect of this process in vivo is to promote liver inflammation. These results demonstrate that the HBx–miR-146a–CFH–complement activation regulation pathway might play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of chronic HBV infection. These findings have important implications for understanding the immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B and developing effective therapeutic interventions. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains an important pathogen and can cause severe liver diseases, including hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HBV was found in 1966, the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis are still poorly understood. In the present study, we found that the HBV X protein (HBx) promoted the expression of miR-146a, an innate immunity-related miRNA, through the NF-κB signal pathway and that increasingly expressed miR-146a downregulated its target complement factor H (CFH), an important negative regulator of the complement alternative pathway, leading to the promotion of liver inflammation. We demonstrated that the HBx–miR-146a–CFH–complement activation regulation pathway is potentially an important mechanism of immunopathogenesis caused by chronic HBV infection. Our data provide a novel molecular mechanism of HBV pathogenesis and thus help to understand the correlations between the complement system, an important part of innate immunity, and HBV-associated disease. These findings will also be important to identify potential therapeutic targets for HBV infection.
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192
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miRNA expression profile and involvement of Let-7d-APP in aged rats with isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119336. [PMID: 25799420 PMCID: PMC4370901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in different nervous system diseases. We sought to determine the role of miRNAs in isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in aged rats. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 18 month were randomly assigned to control group (exposed to mock anesthesia), 2-hour group and 6-hour group (exposed to 2% isoflurane for 2 and 6 hours respectively). By Morris Water Maze, 6-hour group showed impaired learning and memory ability while 2-hour group not. As shown by miRNA array, control group and 2-hour group showed a similar miRNA expression profile. And 38 miRNAs are differently expressed in 6-hour group compared to the other 2 groups, including 21 up-regulated miRNAs and 17 down-regulated miRNAs. And 4 of the differentially expressed miRNAs were validated independently by qRT-PCR. Let-7d was downregulated in 6-hour group. Additionally, we demonstrated that amyloid precursor protein (APP) was a direct target of let-7d by Fluorescent report assay. Increased expression of APP and amyloid-β (Aβ) were found in the hippocampi of 6-hour group. Downregulation of let-7d might contribute to isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment through upregulating its target APP, and increasing the production of Aβ subsequently.
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Devier DJ, Lovera JF, Lukiw WJ. Increase in NF-κB-sensitive miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 in multiple sclerosis (MS) and pro-inflammatory neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:5. [PMID: 25784854 PMCID: PMC4345893 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deidre J Devier
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jesus F Lovera
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA ; Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA
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194
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Garza-Manero S, Arias C, Bermúdez-Rattoni F, Vaca L, Zepeda A. Identification of age- and disease-related alterations in circulating miRNAs in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:53. [PMID: 25745387 PMCID: PMC4333818 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by the progressive decline of memory and cognition. Histopathologically, two main hallmarks have been identified in AD: amyloid-β peptide extracellular neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formed by posttranslational modified tau protein. A definitive diagnosis can only be achieved after the post mortem verification of the histological mentioned alterations. Therefore, the development of biomarkers that allow an early diagnosis and/or predict disease progression is imperative. The prospect of a blood-based biomarker is possible with the finding of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs of 22-25 nucleotides length that regulate mRNA translation rate. miRNAs travel through blood and recent studies performed in potential AD cases suggest the possibility of finding pathology-associated differences in circulating miRNA levels that may serve to assist in early diagnosis of the disease. However, these studies analyzed samples at a single time-point, limiting the use of miRNAs as biomarkers in AD progression. In this study we evaluated miRNA levels in plasma samples at different time-points of the evolution of an AD-like pathology in a transgenic mouse model of the disease (3xTg-AD). We performed multiplex qRT-PCR and compared the plasmatic levels of 84 miRNAs previously associated to central nervous system development and disease. No significant differences were detected between WT and transgenic young mice. However, age-related significant changes in miRNA abundance were observed for both WT and transgenic mice, and some of these were specific for the 3xTg-AD. In agreement, variations in the levels of particular miRNAs were identified between WT and transgenic old mice thus suggesting that the age-dependent evolution of the AD-like pathology, rather than the presence and expression of the transgenes, modifies the circulating miRNA levels in the 3xTg-AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Garza-Manero
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán, México
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán, México
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán, México
| | - Luis Vaca
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán, México
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán, México
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195
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Hill JM, Clement C, Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ. Induction of the pro-inflammatory NF-kB-sensitive miRNA-146a by human neurotrophic viruses. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:43. [PMID: 25691883 PMCID: PMC4315103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James M Hill
- Departments of Microbiology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, LA, USA ; LSU Neuroscience Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christian Clement
- Infectious Diseases, Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, LA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, LA, USA
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196
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Lei X, Lei L, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Cheng Y. Downregulated miR-29c correlates with increased BACE1 expression in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1565-1574. [PMID: 25973041 PMCID: PMC4396232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-site Amyloid precursor protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) is conceived as a potential target for therapies against Alzheimer disease (AD) which is characterized by the accumulation of plaques formed of short β-amyloid (APPβ) peptides. Recently, such microRNAs, as miR-29a, miR-29b-1 have been shown to correlate with abnormally high levels of BACE1 and APPβ in sporadic AD. METHODS In order to confirm whether miR-29c correlates with the BACE1 upregulation in sporadic AD, we firstly evaluated the expression of miR-29c and BACE1, the APPβ accumulation in sporadic AD brain tissues and analyzed the correlation of miR-29c with BACE1. Then we determined the regulation of miR-29c in human heuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells on the BACE1 expression and APPβ accumulation. And finally we determined the targeting to 3' UTR of BACE1 by miR-29c by a luciferase reporter. RESULTS It was demonstrated that miR-29c was downregulated in sporadic AD brains, in an association with an upregulation of BACE1 in both mRNA and protein level of BACE1, and also an elevated APPβ accumulation. And the manipulated high level of miR-29c with miR-29c mimics transfection significantly reduced the protein level of BACE1 and APPβ accumulation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Further luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-29c targets the 3' UTR of BACE1 and downregulated the BACE1 in HEK293 cells. CONCLUSION Present study indicated that miR-29c was downregulated in sporadic AD brains, and it targeted the 3' UTR of BACE1, reduced the BACE1 expression, and downregulated the APPβ accumulation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Lei
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTanjin 300052, China
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Tianjin 4th Center HospitalTianjin 300140, China
| | - Lijian Lei
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhelin Zhang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTanjin 300052, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Tianjin 4th Center HospitalTianjin 300140, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTanjin 300052, China
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197
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Kamal MA, Mushtaq G, Greig NH. Current Update on Synopsis of miRNA Dysregulation in Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2015; 14:492-501. [PMID: 25714967 PMCID: PMC5878050 DOI: 10.2174/1871527314666150225143637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in various neurological disorders (NDs) of the central nervous system such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia and autism. If dysregulated miRNAs are identified in patients suffering from NDs, this may serve as a biomarker for the earlier diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Identifying the role of miRNAs in normal cellular processes and understanding how dysregulated miRNA expression is responsible for their neurological effects is also critical in the development of new therapeutic strategies for NDs. miRNAs hold great promise from a therapeutic point of view especially if it can be proved that a single miRNA has the ability to influence several target genes, making it possible for the researchers to potentially modify a whole disease phenotype by modulating a single miRNA molecule. Hence, better understanding of the mechanisms by which miRNA play a role in the pathogenesis of NDs may provide novel targets to scientists and researchers for innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gohar Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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198
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Wakabayashi K, Mori F, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Utsumi J, Sasaki H. Analysis of microRNA from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:173. [PMID: 25497327 PMCID: PMC4279903 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that regulate gene expression. This study investigated whether formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens from postmortem cases of neurodegenerative disorders would be suitable for miRNA profiling. Results Ten FFPE samples from 6 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 4 neurologically normal controls were selected for miRNA analysis on the basis of the following criteria for RNA quality: (i) a postmortem interval of less than 6 hours, (ii) a formalin fixation time of less than 4 weeks, (iii) an RNA yield per sample of more than 500 ng, and (iv) sufficient quality of the RNA agarose gel image. An overall RNA extraction success rate was 46.2%. For ALS, a total of 364 miRNAs were identified in the motor cortex, 91 being up-regulated and 233 down-regulated. Target genes were predicted using miRNA bioinformatics software, and the data applied to ontology analysis. This indicated that one of the miRNAs up-regulated in ALS (miR-338-3p) had already been identified in leukocytes, serum, cerebrospinal fluid and frozen spinal cord from ALS patients. Conclusion Although analysis was possible for just under half of the specimens examined, we were able to show that informative miRNA data can be derived from archived FFPE samples from postmortem cases of neurodegenerative disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-014-0173-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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199
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Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic diet. Neurochem Int 2014; 78:105-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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200
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Saba R, Sorensen DL, Booth SA. MicroRNA-146a: A Dominant, Negative Regulator of the Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2014; 5:578. [PMID: 25484882 PMCID: PMC4240164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that can play critical roles as regulators of numerous pathways and biological processes including the immune response. Emerging as one of the most important miRNAs to orchestrate immune and inflammatory signaling, often through its recognized target genes, IRAK1 and TRAF6, is microRNA-146a (miR-146a). MiR-146a is one, of a small number of miRNAs, whose expression is strongly induced following challenge of cells with bacterial endotoxin, and prolonged expression has been linked to immune tolerance, implying that it acts as a fine-tuning mechanism to prevent an overstimulation of the inflammatory response. In other cells, miR-146a has been shown to play a role in the control of the differentiation of megakaryocytic and monocytic lineages, adaptive immunity, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the central role prescribed to miR-146a in innate immunity. We particularly focus on the role played by miR-146a in the regulation and signaling mediated by one of the main pattern recognition receptors, toll/IL-1 receptors (TLRs). Additionally, we also discuss the role of miR-146a in several classes of autoimmune pathologies where this miRNA has been shown to be dysregulated, as well as its potential role in the pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Saba
- Molecular PathoBiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
| | - Debra L Sorensen
- Molecular PathoBiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
| | - Stephanie A Booth
- Molecular PathoBiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, MB , Canada ; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
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