151
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Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activity of Lactaptin in Combination with Autophagy Inducers and Inhibitors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4087160. [PMID: 31317028 PMCID: PMC6601476 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4087160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative process in which cellular organelles and proteins are recycled to restore homeostasis and cellular metabolism. Autophagy can be either a prosurvival or a prodeath process and remains one of the most fundamental processes for cell vitality. Thus autophagy modulation is an important approach for reinforcement anticancer therapeutics. Earlier we have demonstrated that recombinant analog of human milk protein lactaptin (RL2) induced apoptosis of various cultured cancer cells and activated lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). In this study we investigated whether autophagy inhibitors-chloroquine (CQ), Ku55933 (Ku), and 3-methyladenine (3MA)-or inducer-rapamycin (Rap)-can enhance cytotoxic activity of lactaptin analog in cancer cells and its anticancer activity in the mice model. Western Blot analysis revealed that RL2 induced short-term autophagy in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells at early stages of incubation and that these data were confirmed by the transmission electron microscopy of autophagosome/autophagolysosome formation. RL2 stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, autophagosomes accumulation, upregulation of ATG5 with processing of LC3I to LC3II, and downregulation of p62/sequestosome 1 (p62). We have shown that autophagy modulators, CQ, Ku, and Rap, synergistically increased cytotoxicity of RL2, and RL2 with CQ induced autophagic cell death. In addition, CQ, Ku, and Rap in combination with RL2 decreased activity of lysosomal protease Cathepsin D. More importantly, combining RL2 with CQ, we improved antitumor effect in mice. Detected synergistic cytotoxic effects of both types of autophagy regulators, inhibitors, and inducers with RL2 against cancer cells allow us to believe that these combinations can be a basis for the new anticancer approach. Finally, we suppose that CQ and Rap promoting of short-term RL2-induced autophagy interlinks with final autophagic cell death.
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152
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Cucurbitacin B Exerts Antiaging Effects in Yeast by Regulating Autophagy and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4517091. [PMID: 31281576 PMCID: PMC6589324 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4517091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism for the basic mechanism of aging, which provides useful assay systems for measuring both replicative and chronological lifespans. In the course of our screening program for substances that extend replicative lifespan, cucurbitacin B (CuB) was found as a hit compound from a compound library, which contains cerebrosides, phenols, sesquiterpenoid, triterpenoids, and sterols isolated from natural products by our research group. Importantly, it prolonged not only the replicative lifespan but also the chronological lifespan in yeast. CuB increased ATG32 gene expression, suggesting that CuB induces autophagy. Indeed, the GFP signal generated from the cleavage of GFP-Atg8, which is a signature of autophagy, was increased upon CuB treatment. On the other hand, CuB failed to increase the chronological lifespans when either ATG2 or ATG32, essential autophagy genes, was deleted, indicating that the lifespan extension by CuB depends on autophagy induction. Furthermore, CuB significantly increased superoxide dismutase (Sod) activity and the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress, while it decreased the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, indicating that CuB has activity to antagonize oxidative stress. Additionally, CuB did not affect replicative lifespans of sod1, sod2, uth1, and skn7 mutants with the K6001 background, indicating that aging-related genes including SOD1, SOD2, UTH1, and SKN7 participate in the antiaging effect of CuB. These results suggest that CuB exerts antiaging activity by regulating autophagy, ROS, antioxidative ability, and aging-related genes. Finally, we discuss the possible intracellular targets of CuB based on the phenotypic comparison between the CuB and global gene deletion databases.
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153
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tong
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.T., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Joseph A Hill
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (D.T., J.A.H.) and Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
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154
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Deprez MA, Eskes E, Winderickx J, Wilms T. The TORC1-Sch9 pathway as a crucial mediator of chronological lifespan in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:4980911. [PMID: 29788208 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of ageing is one that has intrigued mankind since the beginning of time and is now more important than ever as the incidence of age-related disorders is increasing in our ageing population. Over the past decades, extensive research has been performed using various model organisms. As such, it has become apparent that many fundamental aspects of biological ageing are highly conserved across large evolutionary distances. In this review, we illustrate that the unicellular eukaryotic organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be a valuable tool to gain fundamental insights into the molecular mechanisms of cellular ageing in multicellular eukaryotes. In addition, we outline the current knowledge on how downregulation of nutrient signaling through the target of rapamycin (TOR)-Sch9 pathway or reducing calorie intake attenuates many detrimental effects associated with ageing and leads to the extension of yeast chronological lifespan. Given that both TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) and Sch9 have mammalian orthologues that have been implicated in various age-related disorders, unraveling the connections of TORC1 and Sch9 with yeast ageing may provide additional clues on how their mammalian orthologues contribute to the mechanisms underpinning human ageing and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Deprez
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Elja Eskes
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tobias Wilms
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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155
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Sampaio-Marques B, Ludovico P. Linking cellular proteostasis to yeast longevity. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:4970764. [PMID: 29800380 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis is a cellular housekeeping process that refers to the healthy maintenance of the cellular proteome that governs the fate of proteins from synthesis to degradation. Perturbations of proteostasis might result in protein dysfunction with consequent deleterious effects that can culminate in cell death. To deal with the loss of proteostasis, cells are supplied with a highly sophisticated and interconnected network that integrates as major players the molecular chaperones and the protein degradation pathways. It is well recognized that the ability of cells to maintain proteostasis declines during ageing, although the precise mechanisms are still elusive. Indeed, genetic or pharmacological enhancement of the proteostasis network has been shown to extend lifespan in a variety of ageing models. Therefore, an improved understanding of the interventions/mechanisms that contribute to cellular protein quality control will have a huge impact on the ageing field. This mini-review centers on the current knowledge about the major pathways that contribute for the maintenance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteostasis, with particular emphasis on the developments that highlight the multidimensional nature of the proteostasis network in the maintenance of proteostasis, as well as the age-dependent changes on this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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156
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Wang Y, Xu E, Musich PR, Lin F. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and the potential countermeasure. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:816-824. [PMID: 30889315 PMCID: PMC6566063 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria not only supply the energy for cell function, but also take part in cell signaling. This review describes the dysfunctions of mitochondria in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and the signaling pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis (including PGC‐1 family proteins, SIRT1, AMPK) and mitophagy (parkin‐Pink1 pathway). Understanding the regulation of these mitochondrial pathways may be beneficial in finding pharmacological approaches or lifestyle changes (caloric restrict or exercise) to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis and/or to activate mitophagy for the removal of damaged mitochondria, thus reducing the onset and/or severity of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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157
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Panda PK, Fahrner A, Vats S, Seranova E, Sharma V, Chipara M, Desai P, Torresi J, Rosenstock T, Kumar D, Sarkar S. Chemical Screening Approaches Enabling Drug Discovery of Autophagy Modulators for Biomedical Applications in Human Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:38. [PMID: 30949479 PMCID: PMC6436197 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway for malfunctioning aggregation-prone proteins, damaged organelles, unwanted macromolecules and invading pathogens. This process is essential for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis that contribute to organismal survival. Autophagy dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases, and therefore, therapeutic exploitation of autophagy is of potential biomedical relevance. A number of chemical screening approaches have been established for the drug discovery of autophagy modulators based on the perturbations of autophagy reporters or the clearance of autophagy substrates. These readouts can be detected by fluorescence and high-content microscopy, flow cytometry, microplate reader and immunoblotting, and the assays have evolved to enable high-throughput screening and measurement of autophagic flux. Several pharmacological modulators of autophagy have been identified that act either via the classical mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway or independently of mTOR. Many of these autophagy modulators have been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in transgenic models of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, liver diseases, myopathies as well as in lifespan extension. This review describes the commonly used chemical screening approaches in mammalian cells and the key autophagy modulators identified through these methods, and highlights the therapeutic benefits of these compounds in specific disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Kumar Panda
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Fahrner
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Somya Vats
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Elena Seranova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vartika Sharma
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Miruna Chipara
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Priyal Desai
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Torresi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rosenstock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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158
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Ramos-Molina B, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Lambertos A, Tinahones FJ, Peñafiel R. Dietary and Gut Microbiota Polyamines in Obesity- and Age-Related Diseases. Front Nutr 2019; 6:24. [PMID: 30923709 PMCID: PMC6426781 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are widely distributed polycationic compounds essential for cellular functions. Intracellular polyamine pools are tightly regulated by a complex regulatory mechanism involving de novo biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport across the plasma membrane. In mammals, both the production of polyamines and their uptake from the extracellular space are controlled by a set of proteins named antizymes and antizyme inhibitors. Dysregulation of polyamine levels has been implicated in a variety of human pathologies, especially cancer. Additionally, decreases in the intracellular and circulating polyamine levels during aging have been reported. The differences in the polyamine content existing among tissues are mainly due to the endogenous polyamine metabolism. In addition, a part of the tissue polyamines has its origin in the diet or their production by the intestinal microbiome. Emerging evidence has suggested that exogenous polyamines (either orally administrated or synthetized by the gut microbiota) are able to induce longevity in mice, and that spermidine supplementation exerts cardioprotective effects in animal models. Furthermore, the administration of either spermidine or spermine has been shown to be effective for improving glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity and reducing adiposity and hepatic fat accumulation in diet-induced obesity mouse models. The exogenous addition of agmatine, a cationic molecule produced through arginine decarboxylation by bacteria and plants, also exerts significant effects on glucose metabolism in obese models, as well as cardioprotective effects. In this review, we will discuss some aspects of polyamine metabolism and transport, how diet can affect circulating and local polyamine levels, and how the modulation of either polyamine intake or polyamine production by gut microbiota can be used for potential therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lambertos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Peñafiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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159
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Xie W, Howe ENW, Busschaert N, Sauvat A, Leduc M, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Chen G, Martins I, Deng X, Maiuri L, Kepp O, Soussi T, Gale PA, Zamzami N, Kroemer G. Squaramide-based synthetic chloride transporters activate TFEB but block autophagic flux. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:242. [PMID: 30858361 PMCID: PMC6411943 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by defective function of a chloride channel coupled to a blockade of autophagic flux. It has been proposed to use synthetic chloride transporters as pharmacological agents to compensate insufficient chloride fluxes. Here, we report that such chloride anionophores block autophagic flux in spite of the fact that they activate the pro-autophagic transcription factor EB (TFEB) coupled to the inhibition of the autophagy-suppressive mTORC1 kinase activity. Two synthetic chloride transporters (SQ1 and SQ2) caused a partially TFEB-dependent relocation of the autophagic marker LC3 to the Golgi apparatus. Inhibition of TFEB activation using a calcium chelator or calcineurin inhibitors reduced the formation of LC3 puncta in cells, yet did not affect the cytotoxic action of SQ1 and SQ2 that could be observed after prolonged incubation. In conclusion, the squaramide-based synthetic chloride transporters studied in this work (which can also dissipate pH gradients) are probably not appropriate for the treatment of cystic fibrosis yet might be used for other indications such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yan Wang
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ethan N W Howe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Allan Sauvat
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leduc
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lígia C Gomes-da-Silva
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France.,Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guo Chen
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Soussi
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip A Gale
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Naoufal Zamzami
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. .,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France. .,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. .,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France. .,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APsupp-HP, Paris, France. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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160
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Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Hofer SJ, Kroemer G. Caloric Restriction Mimetics against Age-Associated Disease: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential. Cell Metab 2019; 29:592-610. [PMID: 30840912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy has boosted the incidence of age-related pathologies beyond social and economic sustainability. Consequently, there is an urgent need for interventions that revert or at least prevent the pathogenic age-associated deterioration. The permanent or periodic reduction of calorie intake without malnutrition (caloric restriction and fasting) is the only strategy that reliably extends healthspan in mammals including non-human primates. However, the strict and life-long compliance with these regimens is difficult, which has promoted the emergence of caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs). We define CRMs as compounds that ignite the protective pathways of caloric restriction by promoting autophagy, a cytoplasmic recycling mechanism, via a reduction in protein acetylation. Here, we describe the current knowledge on molecular, cellular, and organismal effects of known and putative CRMs in mice and humans. We anticipate that CRMs will become part of the pharmacological armamentarium against aging and age-related cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, China.
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161
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Miyamoto S. Autophagy and cardiac aging. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:653-664. [PMID: 30692640 PMCID: PMC6460392 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and the prevalence of CVD dramatically increases with age. Cardiac aging is associated with hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and decreased contractility. Autophagy, a bulk degradation/recycling system, is essential to maintain cellular homeostasis. Cardiac autophagy is decreased with age, and misfolded proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria are accumulated in the aging heart. Inhibition of autophagy leads to exacerbated cardiac aging, while stimulation of autophagy improves cardiac function and also increases lifespan in many organisms. Thus autophagy represents a potential therapeutic target for aging-related cardiac dysfunction. This review discusses recent progress in our understanding of the role and regulation of autophagy in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA.
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162
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Jang YJ, Kim JH, Byun S. Modulation of Autophagy for Controlling Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020138. [PMID: 30744138 PMCID: PMC6406335 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process that maintains physiological homeostasis by promoting the transfer of cytoplasmic constituents to autophagolysosomes for degradation. In immune cells, the autophagy pathway plays an additional role in facilitating proper immunological functions. Specifically, the autophagy pathway can participate in controlling key steps in innate and adaptive immunity. Accordingly, alterations in autophagy have been linked to inflammatory diseases and defective immune responses against pathogens. In this review, we discuss the various roles of autophagy signaling in coordinating immune responses and how these activities are connected to pathological conditions. We highlight the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators that can impact immune responses and the mechanisms of action responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanjugun55365, Korea.
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
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163
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The Role of Tissue Transglutaminase in Cancer Cell Initiation, Survival and Progression. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7020019. [PMID: 30691081 PMCID: PMC6409630 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (transglutaminase type 2; TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family (EC 2.3.2.13) that catalyzes specific post-translational modifications of proteins through a calcium-dependent acyl-transfer reaction (transamidation). In addition, this enzyme displays multiple additional enzymatic activities, such as guanine nucleotide binding and hydrolysis, protein kinase, disulfide isomerase activities, and is involved in cell adhesion. Transglutaminase 2 has been reported as one of key enzymes that is involved in all stages of carcinogenesis; the molecular mechanisms of action and physiopathological effects depend on its expression or activities, cellular localization, and specific cancer model. Since it has been reported as both a potential tumor suppressor and a tumor-promoting factor, the role of this enzyme in cancer is still controversial. Indeed, TG2 overexpression has been frequently associated with cancer stem cells’ survival, inflammation, metastatic spread, and drug resistance. On the other hand, the use of inducers of TG2 transamidating activity seems to inhibit tumor cell plasticity and invasion. This review covers the extensive and rapidly growing field of the role of TG2 in cancer stem cells survival and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and differentiation, and formation of aggressive metastatic phenotypes.
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164
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Martel J, Ojcius DM, Ko YF, Chang CJ, Young JD. Antiaging effects of bioactive molecules isolated from plants and fungi. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1515-1552. [PMID: 30648267 DOI: 10.1002/med.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry; San Francisco California
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology; New Taipei City Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chih-Jung Chang
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan Republic of China
| | - John D. Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology; New Taipei City Taiwan Republic of China
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165
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Al Azzaz J, Rieu A, Aires V, Delmas D, Chluba J, Winckler P, Bringer MA, Lamarche J, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Dalle F, Lapaquette P, Guzzo J. Resveratrol-Induced Xenophagy Promotes Intracellular Bacteria Clearance in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3149. [PMID: 30693000 PMCID: PMC6339935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process that contributes to host immunity by eliminating invasive pathogens and the modulating inflammatory response. Several infectious and immune disorders are associated with autophagy defects, suggesting that stimulation of autophagy in these diseases should be beneficial. Here, we show that resveratrol is able to boost xenophagy, a selective form of autophagy that target invasive bacteria. We demonstrated that resveratrol promotes in vitro autophagy-dependent clearance of intracellular bacteria in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages. These results were validated in vivo using infection in a transgenic GFP-LC3 zebrafish model. We also compared the ability of resveratrol derivatives, designed to improve the bioavailability of the parent molecule, to stimulate autophagy and to induce intracellular bacteria clearance. Together, our data demonstrate the ability of resveratrol to stimulate xenophagy, and thereby enhance the clearance of two invasive bacteria involved life-threatening diseases, Salmonella Typhimurium and Crohn's disease-associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. These findings encourage the further development of pro-autophagic nutrients to strengthen intestinal homeostasis in basal and infectious states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Al Azzaz
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Rieu
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Aires
- University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,INSERM U1231, Lipids, Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France.,Research Team CADIR, Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Delmas
- University of Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,INSERM U1231, Lipids, Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France.,Research Team CADIR, Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response, Dijon, France
| | - Johanna Chluba
- INSERM U1231, Lipids, Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France.,UFR SVTE-UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pascale Winckler
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Dimacell Imaging Facility, AgroSup Dijon, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jérémy Lamarche
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-UMR CNRS 6302), Université of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB-UMR CNRS 6302), Université of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Dalle
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Lapaquette
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Guzzo
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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166
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Zhou Z, Chen Y, Jin M, He J, Guli A, Yan C, Ding S. Comprehensive Analysis of Lysine Acetylome Reveals a Site-Specific Pattern in Rapamycin-Induced Autophagy. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:865-877. [PMID: 30592415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein acetylation reportedly acts as a key regulator of autophagy. However, up to now, the relationship between acetylome and autophagy has remained unclear. Here stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture and high-throughput quantitative mass spectrometry were used to perform an acetylome analysis of rapamycin-induced autophagy in vitro. Our data revealed that 2135 sites were quantified on 1081 proteins. During autophagy, 421 sites were significantly regulated on 296 proteins, with 80.8% of sites downregulated and 19.2% upregulated. Motif enrichment analysis revealed five main motifs. Most of the downregulated sites conformed to the classical functional motif of p300/CBP [G-AcK]. Furthermore, acetylation targeted proteins involved mainly in ribosomes, spliceosomes, and AcCoA-related metabolic process. In-depth analysis indicated that most of the acetylation sites were in the critical domain, were functional sites, or could change their enzymatic activity by acetylation, highlighting the importance of site-specific acetylation patterns. Subsequently, we demonstrated that K1549 of p300 was also a functional site that could regulate the autophagic process in vitro. In conclusion, our data reveal a deacetylation-preponderant profile with autophagy. The specificity of the related motifs and the identification of site-specific acetylation patterns will assist searches for potential targets or subsequent mechanism-focused studies to elucidate site-specific protein networks in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhou
- The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Yu Chen
- The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Mengqi Jin
- The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Jianqin He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 79 Qingchun Road , Hangzhou 310003 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Ayiding Guli
- The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Chunlan Yan
- Department of Biophysics, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Health of China , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Shiping Ding
- The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , Zhejiang Province , China
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167
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Barbosa MC, Grosso RA, Fader CM. Hallmarks of Aging: An Autophagic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:790. [PMID: 30687233 PMCID: PMC6333684 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major protein turnover pathway by which cellular components are delivered into the lysosomes for degradation and recycling. This intracellular process is able to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, and its dysregulation could lead to the development of physiological alterations. The autophagic activity has been found to decrease with age, likely contributing to the accumulation of damaged macromolecules and organelles during aging. Interestingly, failure of the autophagic process has been reported to worsen aging-associated diseases, such as neurodegeneration or cancer, among others. Likewise, it has been proposed in different organisms that maintenance of a proper autophagic activity contributes to extending longevity. In this review, we discuss recent papers showing the impact of autophagy on cell activity and age-associated diseases, highlighting the relevance of this process to the hallmarks of aging. Thus, understanding how autophagy plays an important role in aging opens new avenues for the discovery of biochemical and pharmacological targets and the development of novel anti-aging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carolina Barbosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rubén Adrián Grosso
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Claudio Marcelo Fader
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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168
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Hada K, Hirota K, Inanobe A, Kako K, Miyata M, Araoi S, Matsumoto M, Ohta R, Arisawa M, Daitoku H, Hanada T, Fukamizu A. Tricarboxylic acid cycle activity suppresses acetylation of mitochondrial proteins during early embryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3091-3099. [PMID: 30606736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (or citric acid cycle) is responsible for the complete oxidation of acetyl-CoA and formation of intermediates required for ATP production and other anabolic pathways, such as amino acid synthesis. Here, we uncovered an additional mechanism that may help explain the essential role of the TCA cycle in the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that knockdown of citrate synthase (cts-1), the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of the TCA cycle, results in early embryonic arrest, but that this phenotype is not because of ATP and amino acid depletions. As a possible alternative mechanism explaining this developmental deficiency, we observed that cts-1 RNAi embryos had elevated levels of intracellular acetyl-CoA, the starting metabolite of the TCA cycle. Of note, we further discovered that these embryos exhibit hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins. We found that supplementation with acetylase-inhibiting polyamines, including spermidine and putrescine, counteracted the protein hyperacetylation and developmental arrest in the cts-1 RNAi embryos. Contrary to the hypothesis that spermidine acts as an acetyl sink for elevated acetyl-CoA, the levels of three forms of acetylspermidine, N 1-acetylspermidine, N 8-acetylspermidine, and N 1,N 8-diacetylspermidine, were not significantly increased in embryos treated with exogenous spermidine. Instead, we demonstrated that the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 4 (encoded by the sir-2.2 gene) is required for spermidine's suppression of protein hyperacetylation and developmental arrest in the cts-1 RNAi embryos. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that during early embryogenesis, acetyl-CoA consumption by the TCA cycle in C. elegans prevents protein hyperacetylation and thereby protects mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Hada
- From the Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Hasama-machi Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Keiko Hirota
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan the.,Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Ai Inanobe
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kako
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan the
| | - Mai Miyata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Sho Araoi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Reiya Ohta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and
| | - Hiroaki Daitoku
- From the Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Hasama-machi Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- From the Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan, .,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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169
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Wang FM, Hu Z, Liu X, Feng JQ, Augsburger RA, Gutmann JL, Glickman GN. Resveratrol represses tumor necrosis factor α/c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling via autophagy in human dental pulp stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:116-121. [PMID: 30384152 PMCID: PMC6927335 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effects of polyphenol resveratrol on TNFα-induced inflammatory signaling as well as the underlying mechanism in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human DPSCs were cultured and treated by TNFα in the presence or absence of resveratrol. NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin 8 (IL8) mRNA levels were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. For the mechanistic study, autophagy was examined and further manipulated by gene silencing of Atg5 using siRNAs. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t- test, and values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Upon TNFα treatments, neither degradation of IκBα nor the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB were inhibited by resveratrol at different concentrations. In contrast, resveratrol dramatically inhibited TNFα-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK. Furthermore, resveratrol activated autophagy, as evidenced by the accumulated autophagic puncta formed by lipid bound LC3B in resveratrol-treated cells. Intriguingly, both resveratrol and JNK inhibitor SP600125 suppressed TNFα-induced IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Silencing autophagy gene Atg5 led to the hyper-activation of JNK and augmented TNFα-induced IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that resveratrol suppresses TNFα-induced inflammatory cytokines expressed by DPSCs through regulating the inhibitory autophagy-JNK signaling cascade. Resveratrol might be beneficial to ameliorate pulpal damage during the acute phase of inflammation in vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ming Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Zhiai Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - James L Gutmann
- Professor Emeritus, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gerald N Glickman
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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170
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Yeast at the Forefront of Research on Ageing and Age-Related Diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 58:217-242. [PMID: 30911895 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13035-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process driven by genetic, environmental and stochastic factors that lead to the progressive decline of biological systems. Mechanisms of ageing have been extensively investigated in various model organisms and systems generating fundamental advances. Notably, studies on yeast ageing models have made numerous and relevant contributions to the progress in the field. Different longevity factors and pathways identified in yeast have then been shown to regulate molecular ageing in invertebrate and mammalian models. Currently the best candidates for anti-ageing drugs such as spermidine and resveratrol or anti-ageing interventions such as caloric restriction were first identified and explored in yeast. Yeasts have also been instrumental as models to study the cellular and molecular effects of proteins associated with age-related diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases. In this chapter, a review of the advances on ageing and age-related diseases research in yeast models will be made. Particular focus will be placed on key longevity factors, ageing hallmarks and interventions that slow ageing, both yeast-specific and those that seem to be conserved in multicellular organisms. Their impact on the pathogenesis of age-related diseases will be also discussed.
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171
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Leidal AM, Levine B, Debnath J. Autophagy and the cell biology of age-related disease. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1338-1348. [PMID: 30482941 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a conserved lysosomal degradation process essential for cellular homeostasis and adaption to stress. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy declines with age and that impaired autophagy predisposes individuals to age-related diseases, whereas interventions that stimulate autophagy often promote longevity. In this Review, we examine how the autophagy pathway restricts cellular damage and degeneration, and the impact of these functions towards tissue health and organismal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Leidal
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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172
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Vijayan B, Raj V, Nandakumar S, Kishore A, Thekkuveettil A. Spermine protects alpha-synuclein expressing dopaminergic neurons from manganese-induced degeneration. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 35:147-159. [PMID: 30673990 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-09449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese exposure is among the many environmental risk factors linked to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as manganese-induced parkinsonism. In animal models, chronic exposure to manganese causes loss of cell viability, neurodegeneration, and functional deficits. Polyamines, such as spermine, have been shown to rescue animals from age-induced neurodegeneration in an autophagy-dependent manner; nonetheless, it is not understood whether polyamines can prevent manganese-induced toxicity. In this study, we used two model systems, the Caenorhabditis elegans UA44 strain and SK-MEL-28 cells, both expressing the protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) to determine whether spermine could ameliorate manganese-induced toxicity. Manganese caused a substantial reduction in the viability of SK-MEL-28 cells and hastened neurodegeneration in the UA44 strain. Spermine protected both the SK-MEL-28 cells and the UA44 strain from manganese-induced toxicity. Spermine also reduced the age-associated neurodegeneration observed in the UA44 strain compared with a control strain without α-syn expression and led to improved avoidance behavior in a functional assay. Treatment with berenil, an inhibitor of polyamine catabolism, which leads to increased intracellular polyamine levels, also showed similar cellular protection against manganese toxicity. While both translation blocker cycloheximide and autophagy blocker chloroquine caused a reduction in the cytoprotective effect of spermine, transcription blocker actinomycin D had no effect. This study provides new insights on the effect of spermine in preventing manganese-induced toxicity, which is most likely via translational regulation of several candidate genes, including those of autophagy. Thus, our results indicate that polyamines positively influence neuronal health, even when exposed to high levels of manganese and α-syn, and supplementing polyamines through diet might delay the onset of diseases involving degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bejoy Vijayan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Swapna Nandakumar
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Asha Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anoopkumar Thekkuveettil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Pietrocola F, Castoldi F, Kepp O, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Madeo F, Kroemer G. Spermidine reduces cancer-related mortality in humans. Autophagy 2018; 15:362-365. [PMID: 30354939 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1539592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent prospective epidemiological study suggested that an increase in the nutritional uptake of the natural polyamine spermidine is associated with reduced overall and cancer-specific mortality. Here, we speculate through which mechanisms spermidine might exert such oncopreventive effects. Abbreviations: ACLY, ATP citrate lyase; ATG, autophagy-related gene; CoA, coenzyme A; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pietrocola
- a Institute for Research in Biomedicine , Barcelona , Spain.,b INSERM, U1138 , Paris , France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- b INSERM, U1138 , Paris , France.,c Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif , France.,d Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer , Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,f Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms , Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif , France.,g Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,h Faculté de Medecine; Kremlin-Bicetre , Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay , Kremlin Bicêtre , France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- b INSERM, U1138 , Paris , France.,c Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif , France.,d Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer , Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,f Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms , Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif , France.,g Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,h Faculté de Medecine; Kremlin-Bicetre , Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay , Kremlin Bicêtre , France
| | - Didac Carmona-Gutierrez
- i Institute of Molecular Biosciences , University of Graz, NAWI Graz , Graz , Austria.,j BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- i Institute of Molecular Biosciences , University of Graz, NAWI Graz , Graz , Austria.,j BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- b INSERM, U1138 , Paris , France.,c Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif , France.,d Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer , Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France.,e Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,f Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms , Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus , Villejuif , France.,g Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.,h Faculté de Medecine; Kremlin-Bicetre , Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay , Kremlin Bicêtre , France.,k Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , AP-HP , Paris , France.,l Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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174
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Resveratrol Decreases Oxidative Stress by Restoring Mitophagy and Improves the Pathophysiology of Dystrophin-Deficient mdx Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9179270. [PMID: 30510631 PMCID: PMC6231358 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9179270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that treatment with resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), an activator of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 at 4 g/kg food for 32 weeks, significantly decreased the muscular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and ameliorated the pathology of mdx mice, an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, we treated mdx mice with various doses of resveratrol (0.04, 0.4, and 4 g/kg food) for 56 weeks and examined the effects on serum creatine kinase levels and physical activities. Because resveratrol promotes autophagy, we also investigated whether autophagy including mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is involved in resveratrol's effects. Autophagy/mitophagy-related genes and autophagic flux were downregulated in the muscle of mdx mice, and these phenomena were reversed by resveratrol with significant ROS reduction. Resveratrol at 4 g/kg food reduced the number of immature myofibers containing central nuclei and fine fibers < 400 μm2 and increased that of thicker myofibers in the quadriceps, suggesting that resveratrol decreased myofiber wasting and promoted muscular maturation. Accordingly, resveratrol at 0.4 g/kg food reduced the creatine kinase levels to one-third of those in untreated mdx mice and significantly increased the animals' physical activities. In C2C12 myoblast cells, resveratrol promoted mitophagy and eliminated mitochondria containing high superoxide levels. The clearance of damaged mitochondria and ROS reduction by resveratrol was completely suppressed by an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) and by knocking down Atg5 or Pink1, essential genes for autophagy and mitophagy, respectively. Thus, resveratrol is a potential therapeutic agent for DMD, and the clearance of damaged mitochondria probably contributes to its action.
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175
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Kuno A, Hosoda R, Sebori R, Hayashi T, Sakuragi H, Tanabe M, Horio Y. Resveratrol Ameliorates Mitophagy Disturbance and Improves Cardiac Pathophysiology of Dystrophin-deficient mdx Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15555. [PMID: 30348945 PMCID: PMC6197260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33930-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy activation improves the phenotype in mdx mice, a Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) model, although the underlying mechanisms are obscure. We previously found that resveratrol, a strong inducer of autophagy, ameliorates the cardiac pathology of mdx mice. Autophagy could eliminate damaged mitochondria, a major source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), although there is no evidence for mitochondriopathy in dystrophic cardiomyopathy. To elucidate resveratrol’s function, we investigated the deletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), autophagy of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), and ROS accumulation in the mdx mouse heart. Low levels of normal mtDNA and abnormal accumulations of mitochondria-containing autophagosomes were found in the mdx mouse heart. Administering resveratrol to mdx mice for 56 weeks ameliorated the cardiomyopathy, with significant reductions in the amount of mtDNA deletion, the number of mitochondria-containing autophagosomes, and the ROS levels. Resveratrol induced nuclear FoxO3a accumulation and the expression of autophagy-related genes, which are targets of FoxOs. The most effective dose in mdx mice was 0.4 g resveratrol/kg food. In conclusion, resveratrol improved cardiomyopathy by promoting mitophagy in the mdx mouse heart. We propose that acquired mitochondriopathy worsens the pathology of DMD and is a potential therapeutic target for the cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Hosoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rio Sebori
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakuragi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mika Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Horio
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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176
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Gao M, Zhao W, Li C, Xie X, Li M, Bi Y, Fang F, Du Y, Liu X. Spermidine ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through regulating lipid metabolism via AMPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:93-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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177
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Zimmermann A, Hofer S, Pendl T, Kainz K, Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D. Yeast as a tool to identify anti-aging compounds. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:4919731. [PMID: 29905792 PMCID: PMC6001894 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for interventions against aging and age-related diseases, biological screening platforms are indispensable tools to identify anti-aging compounds among large substance libraries. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has emerged as a powerful chemical and genetic screening platform, as it combines a rapid workflow with experimental amenability and the availability of a wide range of genetic mutant libraries. Given the amount of conserved genes and aging mechanisms between yeast and human, testing candidate anti-aging substances in yeast gene-deletion or overexpression collections, or de novo derived mutants, has proven highly successful in finding potential molecular targets. Yeast-based studies, for example, have led to the discovery of the polyphenol resveratrol and the natural polyamine spermidine as potential anti-aging agents. Here, we present strategies for pharmacological anti-aging screens in yeast, discuss common pitfalls and summarize studies that have used yeast for drug discovery and target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Sebastian Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
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178
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Rapid Evaluation of Spermidine from 12 Bean Cultivars by Direct Real-Time Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092138. [PMID: 30149608 PMCID: PMC6225280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The routine spermidine (SPD) detection method is time-consuming and laborious due to the lengthy chromatographic separation and/or tedious sample derivatization pretreatment. In this study, direct analysis in real-time ionization mode coupled with mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was developed to rapidly determine the SPD content of 12 bean cultivars. The results were compared in detail with those of the classical UHPLC-ESI-QTOF method. After conducting a series of optimizations, a simple sample extraction procedure employing 80% aqueous methanol, was followed by determination of sample extracts directly without any chromatographic separation or prior derivatization. The validated method showed excellent performance with low limits of detection (LOD of 0.025 mg·kg−1) and good recovery rates (102.79–148.44%). The investigation highlighted that the DART-MS method (~1.3 min per three samples) could be used as a high-throughput alternative to the classic UHPLC-ESI-QTOF method (~15 min per three samples).
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179
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Hyttinen JMT, Viiri J, Kaarniranta K, Błasiak J. Mitochondrial quality control in AMD: does mitophagy play a pivotal role? Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2991-3008. [PMID: 29777261 PMCID: PMC11105454 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the predominant cause of visual loss in old people in the developed world, whose incidence is increasing. This disease is caused by the decrease in macular function, due to the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The aged retina is characterised by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired autophagy, and DNA damage that are linked to AMD pathogenesis. Mitophagy, a mitochondria-specific type of autophagy, is an essential part of mitochondrial quality control, the collective mechanism responsible for this organelle's homeostasis. The abundance of ROS, DNA damage, and the excessive energy consumption in the ageing retina all contribute to the degeneration of RPE cells and their mitochondria. We discuss the role of mitophagy in the cell and argue that its impairment may play a role in AMD pathogenesis. Thus, mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target in AMD and other degenerative diseases is as well explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M T Hyttinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Johanna Viiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janusz Błasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
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180
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Kiechl S, Pechlaner R, Willeit P, Notdurfter M, Paulweber B, Willeit K, Werner P, Ruckenstuhl C, Iglseder B, Weger S, Mairhofer B, Gartner M, Kedenko L, Chmelikova M, Stekovic S, Stuppner H, Oberhollenzer F, Kroemer G, Mayr M, Eisenberg T, Tilg H, Madeo F, Willeit J. Higher spermidine intake is linked to lower mortality: a prospective population-based study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:371-380. [PMID: 29955838 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spermidine administration is linked to increased survival in several animal models. Objective The aim of this study was to test the potential association between spermidine content in diet and mortality in humans. Design This prospective community-based cohort study included 829 participants aged 45-84 y, 49.9% of whom were male. Diet was assessed by repeated dietitian-administered validated food-frequency questionnaires (2540 assessments) in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. During follow-up between 1995 and 2015, 341 deaths occurred. Results All-cause mortality (deaths per 1000 person-years) decreased across thirds of increasing spermidine intake from 40.5 (95% CI: 36.1, 44.7) to 23.7 (95% CI: 20.0, 27.0) and 15.1 (95% CI: 12.6, 17.8), corresponding to an age-, sex- and caloric intake-adjusted 20-y cumulative mortality incidence of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.51), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.45), and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.41), respectively. The age-, sex- and caloric ratio-adjusted HR for all-cause death per 1-SD higher spermidine intake was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.83; P < 0.001). Further adjustment for lifestyle factors, established predictors of mortality, and other dietary features yielded an HR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.86; P < 0.001). The association was consistent in subgroups, robust against unmeasured confounding, and independently validated in the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR) Study (age-, sex-, and caloric ratio-adjusted HR per 1-SD higher spermidine intake: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.95; P = 0.019). The difference in mortality risk between the top and bottom third of spermidine intakes was similar to that associated with a 5.7-y (95% CI: 3.6, 8.1 y) younger age. Conclusion Our findings lend epidemiologic support to the concept that nutrition rich in spermidine is linked to increased survival in humans. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03378843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kiechl
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Acute Neurology and Stroke, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Christoph Ruckenstuhl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Siegfried Weger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy
| | | | - Markus Gartner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy
| | - Ludmilla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Monika Chmelikova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Slaven Stekovic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Departments of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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181
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Woodall BP, Gustafsson ÅB. Autophagy-A key pathway for cardiac health and longevity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13074. [PMID: 29660243 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As average life expectancy continues to rise in the developed world, age-associated pathologies are increasing in prevalence. The hallmarks of cardiac ageing include cardiomyocyte loss, fibrosis and hypertrophy, all of which contribute to an increased incidence of cardiac disease. At the molecular level, cellular ageing is characterized by increased ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles. Cardiomyocytes and other senescent cell types rely upon autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradation pathway, to remove potentially toxic protein aggregates and damaged organelles from the cellular milieu. However, increasing lines of evidence point to an age-associated decrease in cardiomyocyte autophagy, with predictably negative consequences for cardiac function and health. Conversely, stimulation of autophagy has been shown to improve cellular health and cardiac function and to increase lifespan in numerous model organisms. Clearly, autophagy represents a critical pathway for cellular vitality, as well as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related cardiac pathologies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism of autophagy and its regulation in the cell, the role of autophagy in the ageing heart, and how the autophagy pathway might be targeted to improve cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Woodall
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Å. B. Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
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182
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183
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Phadwal K, Kurian D, Salamat MKF, MacRae VE, Diack AB, Manson JC. Spermine increases acetylation of tubulins and facilitates autophagic degradation of prion aggregates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10004. [PMID: 29968775 PMCID: PMC6030104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autolysosomal dysfunction and unstable microtubules are hallmarks of chronic neurodegenerative diseases associated with misfolded proteins. Investigation of impaired protein quality control and clearance systems could therefore provide an important avenue for intervention. To investigate this we have used a highly controlled model for protein aggregation, an in vitro prion system. Here we report that prion aggregates traffic via autolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Treatment with the natural polyamine spermine clears aggregates by enhancing autolysosomal flux. We demonstrated this by blocking the formation of mature autophagosomes resulting in accumulation of prion aggregates in the cytoplasm. Further we investigated the mechanism of spermine’s mode of action and we demonstrate that spermine increases the acetylation of microtubules, which is known to facilitate retrograde transport of autophagosomes from the cellular periphery to lysosomes located near the nucleus. We further report that spermine facilitates selective autophagic degradation of prion aggregates by binding to microtubule protein Tubb6. This is the first report in which spermine and the pathways regulated by it are applied as a novel approach towards clearance of misfolded prion protein and we suggest that this may have important implication for the broader family of protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Phadwal
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Abigail B Diack
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jean C Manson
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK. .,Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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184
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Bae DH, Lane DJR, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The old and new biochemistry of polyamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2053-2068. [PMID: 29890242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous positively charged amines found in all organisms. These molecules play a crucial role in many biological functions including cell growth, gene regulation and differentiation. The three major polyamines produced in all mammalian cells are putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The intracellular levels of these polyamines depend on the interplay of the biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of the polyamine and methionine salvage pathway, as well as the involvement of polyamine transporters. Polyamine levels are observed to be high in cancer cells, which contributes to malignant transformation, cell proliferation and poor patient prognosis. Considering the critical roles of polyamines in cancer cell proliferation, numerous anti-polyaminergic compounds have been developed as anti-tumor agents, which seek to suppress polyamine levels by specifically inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis, activating polyamine catabolism, or blocking polyamine transporters. However, in terms of the development of effective anti-cancer therapeutics targeting the polyamine system, these efforts have unfortunately resulted in little success. Recently, several studies using the iron chelators, O-trensox and ICL670A (Deferasirox), have demonstrated a decline in both iron and polyamine levels. Since iron levels are also high in cancer cells, and like polyamines, are required for proliferation, these latter findings suggest a biochemically integrated link between iron and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Bae
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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185
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Targeting Protein Quality Control Mechanisms by Natural Products to Promote Healthy Ageing. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051219. [PMID: 29783751 PMCID: PMC6100286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal ageing is associated with increased chance of morbidity or mortality and it is driven by diverse molecular pathways that are affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The progression of ageing correlates with the gradual accumulation of stressors and damaged biomolecules due to the time-dependent decline of stress resistance and functional capacity, which eventually compromise cellular homeodynamics. As protein machines carry out the majority of cellular functions, proteome quality control is critical for cellular functionality and is carried out through the curating activity of the proteostasis network (PN). Key components of the PN are the two main degradation machineries, namely the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways along with several stress-responsive pathways, such as that of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which mobilises cytoprotective genomic responses against oxidative and/or xenobiotic damage. Reportedly, genetic or dietary interventions that activate components of the PN delay ageing in evolutionarily diverse organisms. Natural products (extracts or pure compounds) represent an extraordinary inventory of highly diverse structural scaffolds that offer promising activities towards meeting the challenge of increasing healthspan and/or delaying ageing (e.g., spermidine, quercetin or sulforaphane). Herein, we review those natural compounds that have been found to activate proteostatic and/or anti-stress cellular responses and hence have the potential to delay cellular senescence and/or in vivo ageing.
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186
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Metaxakis A, Ploumi C, Tavernarakis N. Autophagy in Age-Associated Neurodegeneration. Cells 2018; 7:cells7050037. [PMID: 29734735 PMCID: PMC5981261 DOI: 10.3390/cells7050037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of abnormal and dysfunctional cellular constituents is an essential prerequisite for nerve cells to maintain their homeostasis and proper function. This is mainly achieved through autophagy, a process that eliminates abnormal and dysfunctional cellular components, including misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Several studies suggest that age-related decline of autophagy impedes neuronal homeostasis and, subsequently, leads to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders due to the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in neurons. Here, we discuss the involvement of autophagy perturbation in neurodegeneration and present evidence indicating that upregulation of autophagy holds potential for the development of therapeutic interventions towards confronting neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Metaxakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
| | - Christina Ploumi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
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187
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Dowling SD, Macian F. Autophagy and T cell metabolism. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:20-26. [PMID: 29339212 PMCID: PMC5937942 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved catabolic process that involves the degradation and recycling of intracellular components in the lysosome, has emerged as a key process in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis and the regulation of T cell differentiation and function. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that mediate the regulation of autophagy in T cells and discuss different cellular processes that are under the control of autophagy in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. A special emphasis is placed on the role that autophagy plays in the modulation of T cell metabolism and the consequences of this regulation on functional states and programs of differentiation in specific T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Dowling
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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188
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Zheng Z, Wang ZG, Chen Y, Chen J, Khor S, Li J, He Z, Wang Q, Zhang H, Xu K, Fanghua G, Xiao J, Wang X. Spermidine promotes nucleus pulposus autophagy as a protective mechanism against apoptosis and ameliorates disc degeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3086-3096. [PMID: 29575654 PMCID: PMC5980193 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermidine has therapeutic effects in many diseases including as heart diastolic function, myopathic defects and neurodegenerative disorders via autophagy activation. Autophagy has been found to mitigate cell apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Accordingly, we theorize that spermidine may have beneficial effects on IDD via autophagy stimulation. In this study, spermidine's effect on IDD was evaluated in tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)‐treated nucleus pulposus cells of SD rats in vitro as well as in a puncture‐induced rat IDD model. We found that autophagy was actuated by spermidine in nucleus pulposus cells. In addition, spermidine treatment weakened the apoptotic effects of TBHP in nucleus pulposus cells. Spermidine increased the expression of anabolic proteins including Collagen‐II and aggrecan and decreased the expression of catabolic proteins including MMP13 and Adamts‐5. Additionally, autophagy blockade using 3‐MA reversed the beneficial impact of spermidine against nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis. Autophagy was thus important for spermidine's therapeutic effect on IDD. Spermidine‐treated rats had an accentuated T2‐weighted signal and a diminished histological degenerative grade than vehicle‐treated rats, showing that spermidine inhibited intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. Thus, spermidine protects nucleus pulposus cells against apoptosis through autophagy activation and improves disc, which may be beneficial for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengming Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Guang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sinan Khor
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zili He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gong Fanghua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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189
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Cabo
- National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
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190
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Jeong JW, Cha HJ, Han MH, Hwang SJ, Lee DS, Yoo JS, Choi IW, Kim S, Kim HS, Kim GY, Hong SH, Park C, Lee HJ, Choi YH. Spermidine Protects against Oxidative Stress in Inflammation Models Using Macrophages and Zebrafish. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:146-156. [PMID: 28365977 PMCID: PMC5839493 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine compound that has recently emerged with anti-aging properties and suppresses inflammation and oxidation. However, its mechanisms of action on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the potential of spermidine for reducing pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and zebrafish was explored. Our data indicate that spermidine significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in RAW 264.7 macrophages without any significant cytotoxicity. The protective effects of spermidine accompanied by a marked suppression in their regulatory gene expression at the transcription levels. Spermidine also attenuated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit and reduced LPS-induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, spermidine prevented the LPS-induced NO production and ROS accumulation in zebrafish larvae and was found to be associated with a diminished recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Although more work is needed to fully understand the critical role of spermidine on the inhibition of inflammation-associated migration of immune cells, our findings clearly demonstrate that spermidine may be a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Jeong
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Departments of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Natural products Research Team, Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Natural products Research Team, Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Su Yoo
- Natural products Research Team, Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences & Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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191
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Li J, Chen T, Xiao M, Li N, Wang S, Su H, Guo X, Liu H, Yan F, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Bu P. Mouse Sirt3 promotes autophagy in AngII-induced myocardial hypertrophy through the deacetylation of FoxO1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86648-86659. [PMID: 27880725 PMCID: PMC5349942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirt3, a mitochondrial NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, is the only member proven to promote longevity in mammalian Sirtuin family. The processed short form of Sirt3 has been demonstrated to target many mediators of energy metabolism and mitochondrial stress adaptive program. Autophagy serves as a dynamic recycling mechanism and provides energy or metabolic substrates. Among the mechanisms triggered by cardiac stress, opinions vary as to whether autophagy is a protective or detrimental response. Here, by inducing the Sirt3-knockout mice to myocardial hypertrophy with chronic angiotensin II infusion for four weeks, we determined the role of Sirt3 in myocardial hypertrophy and autophagy. In this study, the Sirt3-knockout mice developed deteriorated cardiac function and impaired autophagy compared to wild-type mice. What's more, the overexpression of Sirt3 by lentivirus transfection attenuated cardiomyocytes hypertrophy by promoting autophagy. We further demonstrated that Sirt3 could bind to FoxO1 and activate its deacetylation. Sequentially, deacetylated FoxO1 translocates to the nucleus where it facilitates downstream E3 ubiquitin ligases such as Muscle RING Finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx, Atrogin1). Altogether, these results revealed that Sirt3 activation is essential to improve autophagy flux by reducing the acetylation modification on FoxO1, which in turn alleviates myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tongshuai Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shujian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Su
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangying Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peili Bu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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192
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Jadiya P, Mir SS, Nazir A. Osmotic stress induced toxicity exacerbates Parkinson's associated effects via dysregulation of autophagy in transgenic C. elegans model. Cell Signal 2018; 45:71-80. [PMID: 29410282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of aggregate-prone proteins is a major representative of many neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD) wherein the cellular clearance mechanisms, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways are impaired. PD, known to be associated with multiple genetic and environmental factors, is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein protein and loss of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain. This disease is also associated with other cardiovascular ailments. Herein, we report our findings from studies on the effect of hyper and hypo-osmotic induced toxicity representing hyper and hypotensive condition as an extrinsic epigenetic factor towards modulation of Parkinsonism, using a genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Our studies showed that osmotic toxicity had an adverse effect on α-synuclein aggregation, autophagic puncta, lipid content and oxidative stress. Further, we figure that reduced autophagic activity may cause the inefficient clearance of α-synuclein aggregates in osmotic stress toxicity, thereby promoting α-synuclein deposition. Pharmacological induction of autophagy by spermidine proved to be a useful mechanism for protecting cells against the toxic effects of these proteins in such stress conditions. Our studies provide evidence that autophagy is required for the removal of aggregated proteins in these conditions. Studying specific autophagy pathways, we observe that the osmotic stress induced toxicity was largely associated with atg-7 and lgg-1 dependent autophagy pathway, brought together by involvement of mTOR pathway. This represents a unifying pathway to disease in hyper- and hypo-osmotic conditions within PD model of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 031, UP, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226 026, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 031, UP, India.
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193
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Liang Y, Sigrist S. Autophagy and proteostasis in the control of synapse aging and disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 48:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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194
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Kim J, Lim YM, Lee MS. The Role of Autophagy in Systemic Metabolism and Human-Type Diabetes. Mol Cells 2018; 41:11-17. [PMID: 29370692 PMCID: PMC5792707 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is critical for the maintenance of organelle function and intracellular nutrient environment. Autophagy is also involved in systemic metabolic homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to or accelerate the development of metabolic disorders. While the role of autophagy in the global metabolism of model organisms has been investigated mostly using site-specific genetic knockout technology, the impact of dysregulated autophagy on systemic metabolism has been unclear. Here, we review recent papers showing the role of autophagy in systemic metabolism and in the development of metabolic disorders. Also included are data suggesting the role of autophagy in human-type diabetes, which are different in several key aspects from murine models of diabetes. The results shown here support the view that autophagy modulation could be a new modality for the treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid overload and human-type diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute & Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute & Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute & Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
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195
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Nakamura S, Yoshimori T. Autophagy and Longevity. Mol Cells 2018; 41:65-72. [PMID: 29370695 PMCID: PMC5792715 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved cytoplasmic degradation system in which varieties of materials are sequestered by a double membrane structure, autophagosome, and delivered to the lysosomes for the degradation. Due to the wide varieties of targets, autophagic activity is essential for cellular homeostasis. Recent genetic evidence indicates that autophagy has a crucial role in the regulation of animal lifespan. Basal level of autophagic activity is elevated in many longevity paradigms and the activity is required for lifespan extension. In most cases, genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal function are induced by several transcription factors including HLH-30/TFEB, PHA-4/FOXA and MML-1/Mondo in long-lived animals. Pharmacological treatments have been shown to extend lifespan through activation of autophagy, indicating autophagy could be a potential and promising target to modulate animal lifespan. Here we summarize recent progress regarding the role of autophagy in lifespan regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
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196
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Corella D, Coltell O, Macian F, Ordovás JM. Advances in Understanding the Molecular Basis of the Mediterranean Diet Effect. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:227-249. [PMID: 29400994 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032217-020802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, studies showing the protective effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on different diseases (cardiovascular, diabetes, some cancers, and even total mortality and aging indicators) are being published. The scientific evidence level for each outcome is variable, and new studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms whereby the MedDiet may exercise its effects. Here, we present recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of MedDiet effects, mainly focusing on cardiovascular diseases but also discussing other related diseases. There is heterogeneity in defining the MedDiet, and it can, owing to its complexity, be considered as an exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals. We review MedDiet composition and assessment as well as the latest advances in the genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and other emerging regulators), transcriptomic (selected genes and whole transcriptome), and metabolomic and metagenomic aspects of the MedDiet effects (as a whole and for its most typical food components). We also present a critical review of the limitations of the studies undertaken and propose new analyses and greater bioinformatic integration to better understand the most important molecular mechanisms whereby the MedDiet as a whole, or its main food components, may exercise their protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain; .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Computer Languages and Systems, School of Technology and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,IMDEA Alimentación, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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197
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Madeo F, Eisenberg T, Pietrocola F, Kroemer G. Spermidine in health and disease. Science 2018; 359:359/6374/eaan2788. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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198
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Tyler JK, Johnson JE. The role of autophagy in the regulation of yeast life span. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:31-43. [PMID: 29363766 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the aging field is to develop novel therapeutic interventions that extend human health span and reduce the burden of age-related disease. While organismal aging is a complex, multifactorial process, a popular theory is that cellular aging is a significant contributor to the progressive decline inherent to all multicellular organisms. To explore the molecular determinants that drive cellular aging, as well as how to retard them, researchers have utilized the highly genetically tractable budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Indeed, every intervention known to extend both cellular and organismal health span was identified in yeast, underlining the power of this approach. Importantly, a growing body of work has implicated the process of autophagy as playing a critical role in the delay of aging. This review summarizes recent reports that have identified a role for autophagy, or autophagy factors in the extension of yeast life span. These studies demonstrate (1) that yeast remains an invaluable tool for the identification and characterization of conserved mechanisms that promote cellular longevity and are likely to be relevant to humans, and (2) that the process of autophagy has been implicated in nearly all known longevity-promoting manipulations and thus represents an ideal target for interventions aimed at improving human health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jay E Johnson
- Department of Biology, Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring, New York
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199
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Mason JS, Wileman T, Chapman T. Lifespan extension without fertility reduction following dietary addition of the autophagy activator Torin1 in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190105. [PMID: 29329306 PMCID: PMC5766080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism for cellular repair that becomes progressively down-regulated during normal ageing. Hence, manipulations that activate autophagy could increase lifespan. Previous reports show that manipulations to the autophagy pathway can result in longevity extension in yeast, flies, worms and mammals. Under standard nutrition, autophagy is inhibited by the nutrient sensing kinase Target of Rapamycin (TOR). Therefore, manipulations of TOR that increase autophagy may offer a mechanism for extending lifespan. Ideally, such manipulations should be specific and minimise off-target effects, and it is important to discover additional methods for 'clean' lifespan manipulation. Here we report an initial study into the effect of up-regulating autophagy on lifespan and fertility in Drosophila melanogaster by dietary addition of Torin1. Activation of autophagy using this selective TOR inhibitor was associated with significantly increased lifespan in both sexes. Torin1 induced a dose-dependent increase in lifespan in once-mated females. There was no evidence of a trade-off between longevity and fecundity or fertility. Torin1-fed females exhibited significantly elevated fecundity, but also elevated egg infertility, resulting in no net change in overall fertility. This supports the idea that lifespan can be extended without trade-offs in fertility and suggest that Torin1 may be a useful tool with which to pursue anti-ageing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S. Mason
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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A Novel Polyamine-Targeted Therapy for BRAF Mutant Melanoma Tumors. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6010003. [PMID: 29304009 PMCID: PMC5872160 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant serine/threonine protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF) protein is expressed in over half of all melanoma tumors. Although BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) elicit rapid anti-tumor responses in the majority of patients with mutant BRAF melanoma, the tumors inevitably relapse after a short time. We hypothesized that polyamines are essential for tumor survival in mutant BRAF melanomas. These tumors rely on both polyamine biosynthesis and an upregulated polyamine transport system (PTS) to maintain their high intracellular polyamine levels. We evaluated the effect of a novel arylpolyamine (AP) compound that is cytotoxic upon cellular entry via the increased PTS activity of melanoma cells with different BRAF mutational status. Mutant BRAF melanoma cells demonstrated greater PTS activity and increased sensitivity to AP compared to wild type BRAF (BRAFWT) melanoma cells. Treatment with an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), further upregulated PTS activity in mutant BRAF cells and increased their sensitivity to AP. Furthermore, viability assays of 3D spheroid cultures of mutant BRAF melanoma cells demonstrated greater resistance to the BRAFi, PLX4720, compared to 2D monolayer cultures. However, co-treatment with AP restored the sensitivity of melanoma spheroids to PLX4720. These data indicate that mutant BRAF melanoma cells are more dependent on the PTS compared to BRAFWT melanoma cells, resulting in greater sensitivity to the PTS-targeted cytotoxic AP compound.
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