1
|
Lee J, Hong SW, Kim MJ, Lim YM, Moon SJ, Kwon H, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Inhibition of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 during Serum Deprivation Increases Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via the AMPK/AKT/FOXO Signaling Pathway. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:98-108. [PMID: 38171209 PMCID: PMC10901661 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) mediates glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules, and SGLT2 inhibitors are used as therapeutic agents for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition on hepatic glucose metabolism in both serum deprivation and serum supplementation states. METHODS Huh7 cells were treated with the SGLT2 inhibitors empagliflozin and dapagliflozin to examine the effect of SGLT2 on hepatic glucose uptake. To examine the modulation of glucose metabolism by SGLT2 inhibition under serum deprivation and serum supplementation conditions, HepG2 cells were transfected with SGLT2 small interfering RNA (siRNA), cultured in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 16 hours, and then cultured in media supplemented with or without 10% fetal bovine serum for 8 hours. RESULTS SGLT2 inhibitors dose-dependently decreased hepatic glucose uptake. Serum deprivation increased the expression levels of the gluconeogenesis genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and their expression levels during serum deprivation were further increased in cells transfected with SGLT2 siRNA. SGLT2 inhibition by siRNA during serum deprivation induces nuclear localization of the transcription factor forkhead box class O 1 (FOXO1), decreases nuclear phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), and p-FOXO1 protein expression, and increases phosphorylated-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) protein expression. However, treatment with the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, reversed the reduction in the protein expression levels of nuclear p- AKT and p-FOXO1 and decreased the protein expression levels of p-AMPK and PEPCK in cells transfected with SGLT2 siRNA during serum deprivation. CONCLUSION These data show that SGLT2 mediates glucose uptake in hepatocytes and that SGLT2 inhibition during serum deprivation increases gluconeogenesis via the AMPK/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmi Lee
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Hong
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Joon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li RJW, Barros DR, Kuah R, Lim YM, Gao A, Beaudry JL, Zhang SY, Lam TKT. Small intestinal CaSR-dependent and CaSR-independent protein sensing regulates feeding and glucose tolerance in rats. Nat Metab 2024; 6:39-49. [PMID: 38167726 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Proteins activate small intestinal calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and/or peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) to increase hormone secretion1-8, but the effect of small intestinal protein sensing and the mechanistic potential of CaSR and/or PepT1 in feeding and glucose regulation remain inconclusive. Here we show that, in male rats, CaSR in the upper small intestine is required for casein infusion to increase glucose tolerance and GLP1 and GIP secretion, which was also dependent on PepT1 (ref. 9). PepT1, but not CaSR, is required for casein infusion to lower feeding. Upper small intestine casein sensing fails to regulate feeding, but not glucose tolerance, in high-fat-fed rats with decreased PepT1 but increased CaSR expression. In the ileum, a CaSR-dependent but PepT1-independent pathway is required for casein infusion to lower feeding and increase glucose tolerance in chow-fed rats, in parallel with increased PYY and GLP1 release, respectively. High fat decreases ileal CaSR expression and disrupts casein sensing on feeding but not on glucose control, suggesting an ileal CaSR-independent, glucose-regulatory pathway. In summary, we discover small intestinal CaSR- and PepT1-dependent and -independent protein sensing mechanisms that regulate gut hormone release, feeding and glucose tolerance. Our findings highlight the potential of targeting small intestinal CaSR and/or PepT1 to regulate feeding and glucose tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa J W Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barros
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Kuah
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Gao
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Beaudry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang SY, Bruce K, Danaei Z, Li RJW, Barros DR, Kuah R, Lim YM, Mariani LH, Cherney DZ, Chiu JFM, Reich HN, Lam TKT. Metformin triggers a kidney GDF15-dependent area postrema axis to regulate food intake and body weight. Cell Metab 2023; 35:875-886.e5. [PMID: 37060902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, the most widely prescribed medication for obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D), lowers plasma glucose levels, food intake, and body weight in rodents and humans, but the mechanistic site(s) of action remain elusive. Metformin increases plasma growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels to regulate energy balance, while GDF15 administration activates GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL) that is highly expressed in the area postrema (AP) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of the hindbrain to lower food intake and body weight. However, the tissue-specific contribution of plasma GDF15 levels after metformin treatment is still under debate. Here, we found that metformin increased plasma GDF15 levels in high-fat (HF) fed male rats through the upregulation of GDF15 synthesis in the kidney. Importantly, the kidney-specific knockdown of GDF15 expression as well as the AP-specific knockdown of GFRAL expression negated the ability of metformin to lower food intake and body weight gain. Taken together, we unveil the kidney as a target of metformin to regulate energy homeostasis through a kidney GDF15-dependent AP axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Kyla Bruce
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Zahra Danaei
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Rosa J W Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barros
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Rachel Kuah
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura H Mariani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David Z Cherney
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer F M Chiu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Heather N Reich
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee SG, Lee E, Chae J, Kim JS, Lee HS, Lim YM, So JH, Hahn D, Nam JO. Bioconverted Fruit Extract of Akebia Quinata Exhibits Anti-Obesity Effects in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214683. [PMID: 36364945 PMCID: PMC9656223 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Akebia quinata, commonly called chocolate vine, has various bioactivities, including antioxidant and anti-obesity properties. However, the anti-obesity effects of bioconverted extracts of A. quinate have not been examined. In this study, A. quinata fruit extracts was bioconverted using the enzyme isolated from the soybean paste fungi Aspergillus kawachii. To determine whether the bioconversion process could influence the anti-obesity effects of A. quinata fruit extracts, we employed 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese rats. We observed that the bioconverted fruit extract of A. quinata (BFE) afforded anti-obesity effects, which were stronger than that for the non-bioconverted fruit extract (FE) of A. quinata. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, treatment with BFE at concentrations of 20 and 40 μg reduced intracellular lipids by 74.8 (p < 0.05) and 54.9% (p < 0.01), respectively, without inducing cytotoxicity in preadipocytes. Moreover, the oral administration of BFE at the concentration of 300 mg/kg/day significantly reduced body and adipose tissue weights (p < 0.01) in HFD-induced obese rats. Plasma cholesterol values were reduced, whereas HDL was increased in BFE receiving rats. Although FE could exert anti-obesity effects, BFE supplementation induced more robust effects than FE. These results could be attributed to the bioconversion-induced alteration of bioactive compound content within the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eunbi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jongbeom Chae
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Han-Saem Lee
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan-si 38540, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan-si 38540, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Jai-Hyun So
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan-si 38540, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7760
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang SY, Li RJW, Lim YM, Batchuluun B, Liu H, Waise TMZ, Lam TKT. FXR in the dorsal vagal complex is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats. Gut 2021; 70:1675-1683. [PMID: 33087489 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conjugated bile acids are metabolised by upper small intestinal microbiota, and serum levels of taurine-conjugated bile acids are elevated and correlated with insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes. However, whether changes in taurine-conjugated bile acids are necessary for small intestinal microbiome to alter insulin action remain unknown. DESIGN We evaluated circulating and specifically brain insulin action using the pancreatic-euglycaemic clamps in high-fat (HF) versus chow fed rats with or without upper small intestinal healthy microbiome transplant. Chemical and molecular gain/loss-of-function experiments targeting specific taurine-conjugated bile acid-induced changes of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the brain were performed in parallel. RESULTS We found that short-term HF feeding increased the levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA, an FXR ligand) in the upper small intestine, ileum, plasma and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the brain. Transplantation of upper small intestinal healthy microbiome into the upper small intestine of HF rats not only reversed the rise of TCDCA in all reported tissues but also enhanced the ability of either circulating hyperinsulinaemia or DVC insulin action to lower glucose production. Further, DVC infusion of TCDCA or FXR agonist negated the enhancement of insulin action, while genetic knockdown or chemical inhibition of FXR in the DVC of HF rats reversed insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FXR in the DVC is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats, and highlight a previously unappreciated TCDCA-FXR axis linking gut microbiome and host insulin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosa J W Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Huiying Liu
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - T M Zaved Waise
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li RJW, Batchuluun B, Zhang SY, Abraham MA, Wang B, Lim YM, Yue JTY, Lam TKT. Nutrient infusion in the dorsal vagal complex controls hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in rats. iScience 2021; 24:102366. [PMID: 33870148 PMCID: PMC8044434 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis is emerging, but whether the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) senses nutrients and regulates hepatic nutrient metabolism remains unclear. Here, we found in rats DVC oleic acid infusion suppressed hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG), which was disrupted by inhibiting DVC long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase that in parallel disturbed lipid homeostasis during intravenous lipid infusion. DVC glucose infusion elevated local glucose levels similarly as intravenous glucose infusion and suppressed hepatic glucose production. This was independent of lactate metabolism as inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase failed to disrupt glucose sensing and neither could DVC lactate infusion recapitulate glucose effect. DVC oleic acid and glucose infusion failed to lower VLDL-TG secretion and glucose production in high-fat fed rats, while inhibiting DVC farnesoid X receptor enhanced oleic acid but not glucose sensing. Thus, an impairment of DVC nutrient sensing may lead to the disruption of lipid and glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome. DVC oleic acid infusion lowers hepatic secretion of VLDL-TG in chow but not HF rats Inhibition of ACSL in the DVC negates lipid sensing DVC glucose infusion lowers hepatic glucose production in chow but not HF rats Inhibition of FXR in the DVC enhances oleic acid but not glucose sensing in HF rats
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa J W Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mona A Abraham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Beini Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica T Y Yue
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim J, Kim SH, Kang H, Lee S, Park SY, Cho Y, Lim YM, Ahn JW, Kim YH, Chung S, Choi CS, Jang YJ, Park HS, Heo Y, Kim KH, Lee MS. TFEB-GDF15 axis protects against obesity and insulin resistance as a lysosomal stress response. Nat Metab 2021; 3:410-427. [PMID: 33758420 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TFEB, a key regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, is induced not only by nutritional deficiency but also by organelle stress. Here, we find that Tfeb and its downstream genes are upregulated together with lipofuscin accumulation in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) of obese mice or humans, suggestive of obesity-associated lysosomal dysfunction/stress in ATMs. Macrophage-specific TFEB-overexpressing mice display complete abrogation of diet-induced obesity, adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, which is independent of autophagy, but dependent on TFEB-induced GDF15 expression. Palmitic acid induces Gdf15 expression through lysosomal Ca2+-mediated TFEB nuclear translocation in response to lysosomal stress. In contrast, mice fed a high-fat diet with macrophage-specific Tfeb deletion show aggravated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, accompanied by reduced GDF15 level. Finally, we observe activation of TFEB-GDF15 in ATMs of obese humans as a consequence of lysosomal stress. These findings highlight the importance of the TFEB-GDF15 axis as a lysosomal stress response in obesity or metabolic syndrome and as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Discovery 1 team, GI Innovation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyereen Kang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyeon Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shi-Young Park
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoonil Cho
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Ahn
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of General Surgery, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kook Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Discovery 1 team, GI Innovation, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lim YM, Yang PS, Jang ES, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Sung JH, Kim JY, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B, Lip GYH. 1009Body mass index variability and long-term risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in the general population: a korean nationwide cohort study. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lim
- SAM medical center, Anyang, Korea Republic of
| | - P S Yang
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - E S Jang
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Sung
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - GYH Lip
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim J, Lim YM, Lee MS. The Role of Autophagy in Systemic Metabolism and Human-Type Diabetes. Mol Cells 2018; 41:11-17. [PMID: 29370692 PMCID: PMC5792707 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is critical for the maintenance of organelle function and intracellular nutrient environment. Autophagy is also involved in systemic metabolic homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to or accelerate the development of metabolic disorders. While the role of autophagy in the global metabolism of model organisms has been investigated mostly using site-specific genetic knockout technology, the impact of dysregulated autophagy on systemic metabolism has been unclear. Here, we review recent papers showing the role of autophagy in systemic metabolism and in the development of metabolic disorders. Also included are data suggesting the role of autophagy in human-type diabetes, which are different in several key aspects from murine models of diabetes. The results shown here support the view that autophagy modulation could be a new modality for the treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid overload and human-type diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute & Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute & Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute & Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee SG, Kim JS, Lee HS, Lim YM, So JH, Hahn D, Ha YS, Nam JO. Bioconverted Orostachys japonicas Extracts Suppress Angiogenic Activity of Ms-1 Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122615. [PMID: 29206202 PMCID: PMC5751218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (), known as Wa-song in Korea, has been reported to exert various biological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-febrile effects. However, the anti-angiogenic effects of O.japonicus extracts remain to be investigated. In the present study, we demonstrated the anti-angiogenic effects of bioconverted O. japonicus extract (BOE) in Ms-1 mouse endothelial cells and compared them with the bioactivities of O. japonicus extract (OE). BOE, but not OE, were found to exert anti-angiogenic effects, including inhibition of cell migration, cell adhesion, tube formation of Ms-1 cells, and blood vessel formation of matrigel plug assay in vivo. Furthermore, protein levels of phosphorylated Src kinase were lower in BOE-treated cells than in OE-treated cells. Treatment with OE or BOE did not influence cell viability during the experimental period. Bioconverted extract of O.japonicus have anti-angiogenic effects in vitro and vivo, but non-bioconverted extract do not. We suggest that these observed anti-angiogenic effects are caused by the changes in the composition of bioactive compounds in the extracts as a result of biological conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Han-Saem Lee
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, 94, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-260, Korea.
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, 94, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-260, Korea.
| | - Jai-Hyun So
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, 94, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-260, Korea.
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Korea.
| | - Yu Shin Ha
- Department of Bio Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lim YM, Lim H, Hur KY, Quan W, Lee HY, Cheon H, Ryu D, Koo SH, Kim HL, Kim J, Komatsu M, Lee MS. Systemic autophagy insufficiency compromises adaptation to metabolic stress and facilitates progression from obesity to diabetes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4934. [PMID: 25255859 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite growing interest in the relationship between autophagy and systemic metabolism, how global changes in autophagy affect metabolism remains unclear. Here we show that mice with global haploinsufficiency of an essential autophagy gene (Atg7(+/-) mice) do not show metabolic abnormalities but develop diabetes when crossed with ob/ob mice. Atg7(+/-)-ob/ob mice show aggravated insulin resistance with increased lipid content and inflammatory changes, suggesting that autophagy haploinsufficiency impairs the adaptive response to metabolic stress. We further demonstrate that intracellular lipid content and insulin resistance after lipid loading are increased as a result of autophagy insufficiency, and provide evidence for increased inflammasome activation in Atg7(+/-)-ob/ob mice. Imatinib or trehalose improves metabolic parameters of Atg7(+/-)-ob/ob mice and enhances autophagic flux. These results suggest that systemic autophagy insufficiency could be a factor in the progression from obesity to diabetes, and autophagy modulators have therapeutic potential against diabetes associated with obesity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Lim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Wenying Quan
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Hae-Youn Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Hwanju Cheon
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim J, Cheon H, Jeong YT, Quan W, Kim KH, Cho JM, Lim YM, Oh SH, Jin SM, Kim JH, Lee MK, Kim S, Komatsu M, Kang SW, Lee MS. Amyloidogenic peptide oligomer accumulation in autophagy-deficient β cells induces diabetes. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3311-24. [PMID: 25036705 DOI: 10.1172/jci69625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet amyloid accumulation is a hallmark of human type 2 diabetes (T2D). In contrast to human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), murine islet amyloid polypeptide (mIAPP) does not exhibit amyloidogenic propensity. Because autophagy is important in the clearance of amyloid-like proteins, we studied transgenic mice with β cell-specific expression of hIAPP to evaluate the contribution of autophagy in T2D-associated accumulation of hIAPP. In mice with β cell-specific expression of hIAPP, a deficiency in autophagy resulted in development of overt diabetes, which was not observed in mice expressing hIAPP alone or lacking autophagy alone. Furthermore, lack of autophagy in hIAPP-expressing animals resulted in hIAPP oligomer and amyloid accumulation in pancreatic islets, leading to increased death and decreased mass of β cells. Expression of hIAPP in purified monkey islet cells or a murine β cell line resulted in pro-hIAPP dimer formation, while dimer formation was absent or reduced dramatically in cells expressing either nonamyloidogenic mIAPP or nonfibrillar mutant hIAPP. In autophagy-deficient cells, accumulation of pro-hIAPP dimers increased markedly, and pro-hIAPP trimers were detected in the detergent-insoluble fraction. Enhancement of autophagy improved the metabolic profile of hIAPP-expressing mice fed a high-fat diet. These results suggest that autophagy promotes clearance of amyloidogenic hIAPP, autophagy deficiency exacerbates pathogenesis of human T2D, and autophagy enhancers have therapeutic potential for islet amyloid accumulation-associated human T2D.
Collapse
|
13
|
So JH, Lim YM, Kim SJ, Kim HH, Rhee IK. Co-expression of Gamma-Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase and Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Genes for the Enzymatic Analysis of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Escherichia Coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2013.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Jeon K, Lim H, Kim JH, Thuan NV, Park SH, Lim YM, Choi HY, Lee ER, Kim JH, Lee MS, Cho SG. Differentiation and transplantation of functional pancreatic beta cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a type 1 diabetes mouse model. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2642-55. [PMID: 22512788 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a classical animal model for autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), closely mimicking features of human T1D. Thus, the NOD mouse presents an opportunity to test the effectiveness of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a therapeutic modality for T1D. Here, we demonstrate a proof of concept for cellular therapy using NOD mouse-derived iPSCs (NOD-iPSCs). We generated iPSCs from NOD mouse embryonic fibroblasts or NOD mouse pancreas-derived epithelial cells (NPEs), and applied directed differentiation protocols to differentiate the NOD-iPSCs toward functional pancreatic beta cells. Finally, we investigated whether the NPE-iPSC-derived insulin-producing cells could normalize hyperglycemia in transplanted diabetic mice. The NOD-iPSCs showed typical embryonic stem cell-like characteristics such as expression of markers for pluripotency, in vitro differentiation, teratoma formation, and generation of chimeric mice. We developed a method for stepwise differentiation of NOD-iPSCs into insulin-producing cells, and found that NPE-iPSCs differentiate more readily into insulin-producing cells. The differentiated NPE-iPSCs expressed diverse pancreatic beta cell markers and released insulin in response to glucose and KCl stimulation. Transplantation of the differentiated NPE-iPSCs into diabetic mice resulted in kidney engraftment. The engrafted cells responded to glucose by secreting insulin, thereby normalizing blood glucose levels. We propose that NOD-iPSCs will provide a useful tool for investigating genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and generating a cellular interaction model of T1D, paving the way for the potential application of patient-derived iPSCs in autologous beta cell transplantation for treating diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kilsoo Jeon
- 1 Department of Animal Biotechnology (BK21), Animal Resources Research Center, and SMART-IABS, Konkuk University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yap WH, Khoo KS, Lim SH, Yeo CC, Lim YM. Proteomic analysis of the molecular response of Raji cells to maslinic acid treatment. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:183-191. [PMID: 21893403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Maslinic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpene has been shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in some tumour cell lines. We studied the molecular response of Raji cells towards maslinic acid treatment. A proteomics approach was employed to identify the target proteins. Seventeen differentially expressed proteins including those involved in DNA replication, microtubule filament assembly, nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking, cell signaling, energy metabolism and cytoskeletal organization were identified by MALDI TOF-TOF MS. The down-regulation of stathmin, Ran GTPase activating protein-1 (RanBP1), and microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 1 (EB1) were confirmed by Western blotting. The study of the effect of maslinic acid on Raji cell cycle regulation showed that it induced a G1 cell cycle arrest. The differential proteomic changes in maslinic acid-treated Raji cells demonstrated that it also inhibited expression of dUTPase and stathmin which are known to induce early S and G2 cell cycle arrests. The mechanism of maslinic acid-induced cell cycle arrest may be mediated by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and enhancing the levels of cell cycle-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 protein. Maslinic acid suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity which is known to stimulate expression of anti-apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory gene products. These results suggest that maslinic acid affects multiple signaling molecules and inhibits fundamental pathways regulating cell growth and survival in Raji cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Yap
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mok SY, Nadasdy Z, Lim YM, Goh SY. Ultra-slow oscillations in cortical networks in vitro. Neuroscience 2012; 206:17-24. [PMID: 22266346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-slow oscillation (<0.01 Hz) in the network-wide activity of dissociated cortical networks is described in this article. This slow rhythm is characterized by the recurrence of clusters of large synchronized bursts of activity lasting approximately 1-3 min, separated by an almost equivalent interval of relatively smaller bursts. Such rhythmic activity was detected in cultures starting from the fourth week in vitro. Our analysis revealed that the propagation motifs of constituent bursts were strongly conserved across multiple oscillation cycles, and these motifs were more consistent at the electrode level compared with the neuronal level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Mok
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- S You
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Han MS, Lim YM, Quan W, Kim JR, Chung KW, Kang M, Kim S, Park SY, Han JS, Park SY, Cheon HG, Dal Rhee S, Park TS, Lee MS. Lysophosphatidylcholine as an effector of fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1234-1246. [PMID: 21447485 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m014787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of FFA-induced insulin resistance is not fully understood. We have searched for effector molecules(s) in FFA-induced insulin resistance. Palmitic acid (PA) but not oleic acid (OA) induced insulin resistance in L6 myotubes through C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) Ser307 phosphorylation. Inhibitors of ceramide synthesis did not block insulin resistance by PA. However, inhibition of the conversion of PA to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) by calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ (iPLA₂) inhibitors, such as bromoenol lactone (BEL) or palmitoyl trifluoromethyl ketone (PACOCF₃), prevented insulin resistance by PA. iPLA₂ inhibitors or iPLA₂ small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated JNK or IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation by PA. PA treatment increased LPC content, which was reversed by iPLA₂ inhibitors or iPLA₂ siRNA. The intracellular DAG level was increased by iPLA₂ inhibitors, despite ameliorated insulin resistance. Pertussis toxin (PTX), which inhibits LPC action through the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)/Gα(i), reversed insulin resistance by PA. BEL administration ameliorated insulin resistance and diabetes in db/db mice. JNK and IRS-1Ser307 phosphorylation in the liver and muscle of db/db mice was attenuated by BEL. LPC content was increased in the liver and muscle of db/db mice, which was suppressed by BEL. These findings implicate LPC as an important lipid intermediate that links saturated fatty acids to insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sook Han
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Wenying Quan
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Jung Ran Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Inchon 406-840, Korea
| | - Kun Wook Chung
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Mira Kang
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Sunshin Kim
- Carcinogenesis Branch, Korean National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Inchon 406-840, Korea
| | - Sang Dal Rhee
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejon 305-343, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Inchon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cho JM, Jang HW, Cheon H, Jeong YT, Kim DH, Lim YM, Choi SH, Yang EK, Shin CY, Son MH, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Lee MS. A novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor DA-1229 ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes by increasing β-cell replication and neogenesis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 91:72-9. [PMID: 21093089 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, DA-1229, on blood glucose profile and pancreatic β-cell mass in established diabetes after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. Mice that developed diabetes after administration of STZ 100mg/kg were treated with DA-1229 for 13 weeks. DA-1229 significantly reduced plasma DPP IV activity, and enhanced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels. In STZ-treated mice fed DA-1229 (STZ-DA), blood glucose levels were significantly lower than those in diabetic mice fed normal chow (STZ-NC). Basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose tolerance assessed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were significantly improved by DA-1229 administration. Volume density of β-cell was significantly increased in STZ-DA mice compared to STZ-NC mice, suggesting that DA-1229-mediated amelioration of established diabetes was due to beneficial effect of DA-1229 on β-cell mass. The number of replicating β-cells and that of scattered small β-cell unit representing β-cell neogenesis were significantly increased in STZ-DA mice compared to STZ-NC mice, explaining increased β-cell mass by DA-1229. The expression of PDX-1, a downstream mediator of GLP-1 action, was increased in islets of STZ-DA mice compared to STZ-NC mice. These results suggest a therapeutic potential of DA-1229 in diabetes, particularly that associated with decreased β-cell mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Cho
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim J, Lim YM. Prevalence of derepressed ampC mutants and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers among clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., and Serratia marcescens in Korea: dissemination of CTX-M-3, TEM-52, and SHV-12. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:2452-5. [PMID: 15872281 PMCID: PMC1153749 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.5.2452-2455.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance mechanism of extended-spectrum cephalosporins in clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., and Serratia marcescens was studied. Of 152 isolates, 45 isolates (29.6%) were derepressed AmpC mutants and 39 isolates (25.7%) produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs). The most prevalent ESBLs were CTX-M enzymes, followed by TEM-52 and SHV-12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim J, Lim YM, Jeong YS, Seol SY. Occurrence of CTX-M-3, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-9 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in Korea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:1572-5. [PMID: 15793142 PMCID: PMC1068616 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.4.1572-1575.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 603 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae collected between June and November 2003 from three university hospitals within Korea, bla(CTX-M-3), bla(CTX-M-15), bla(CTX-M-14), and bla(CTX-M-9) were detected in 41 isolates of species from five different genera of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., and Serratia marcescens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chonan, Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim J, Lim YM, Rheem I, Lee Y, Lee JC, Seol SY, Lee YC, Cho DT. CTX-M and SHV-12 β-lactamases are the most common extended-spectrum enzymes in clinical isolates ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaecollected from 3 university hospitals within Korea. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 245:93-8. [PMID: 15796985 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 443 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. collected between June and November 2003 from 3 university hospitals in Korea, 62 isolates were confirmed as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- or plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase-producers by double disk synergy test, PCR and sequencing for beta-lactamase genes. The most frequently identified ESBL gene among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates was bla(SHV-12) and bla(CTX-M) (bla(CTX-M-9), bla(CTX-M-14), bla(CTX-M-3), and bla(CTX-M-15)). Four kinds of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases, ACT-1, CMY-1, CMY-2, and DHA-1, were detected. ESBL production was associated with high levels of resistance to tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin and tobramycin when compared to non-ESBL producing isolates. Conclusively, this study suggests that the CTX-M beta-lactamases are prevalent and various kinds of plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes are distributed in clinical isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Chonan City, Choongnam 330-715, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hirschhorn JN, Sklar P, Lindblad-Toh K, Lim YM, Ruiz-Gutierrez M, Bolk S, Langhorst B, Schaffner S, Winchester E, Lander ES. SBE-TAGS: an array-based method for efficient single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:12164-9. [PMID: 11035790 PMCID: PMC17312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.210394597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is no longer a rate-limiting step for genetic studies of disease. The number of SNPs in public databases already exceeds 200,000, and the total is expected to exceed 1,000,000 within a year. Rather, progress is limited by the inability to genotype large numbers of SNPs. Current genotyping methods are suitable for studying individual loci or at most a handful at a time. Here, we describe a method for parallel genotyping of SNPs, called single base extension-tag array on glass slides, SBE-TAGS. The principle is as follows. SNPs are genotyped by single base extension (SBE), using bifunctional primers carrying a unique sequence tag in addition to a locus-specific sequence. Because each locus has a distinct tag, the genotyping reactions can be performed in a highly multiplexed fashion, and the resulting product can then be "demultiplexed" by hybridization to the reverse complements of the sequence tags arrayed on a glass slide. SBE-TAGS is simple and inexpensive because of the high degree of multiplexing and the use of an easily generated, generic tag array. The method is also highly accurate: we genotyped over 100 SNPs, obtaining over 5, 000 genotypes, with approximately 99% accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J N Hirschhorn
- Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, One Kendall Square, Building 300, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Cellular transformation by the BCR/ABL oncogene depends on the ABL-encoded tyrosine kinase activity. To block BCR/ABL function, we created a unique tyrosine phosphatase by fusing the catalytic domain of SHP1 (SHP1c) to the ABL binding domain (ABD) of RIN1, an established binding partner and substrate for c-ABL and BCR/ABL. This fusion construct (ABD/SHP1c) binds to BCR/ABL in cells and functions as an active phosphatase. ABD/SHP1c effectively suppressed BCR/ABL function as judged by reductions in transformation of fibroblast cells, growth factor independence of hematopoietic cell lines, and proliferation of primary bone marrow cells. In addition, the leukemogenic properties of BCR/ABL in a murine model system were blocked by coexpression of ABD/SHP1c. Both the "escort" function provided by ABD and the inhibitor function provided by the phosphatase of SHP1c were necessary for effective BCR/ABL interference. Expression of ABD/SHP1c also reversed the transformed phenotype of K562, a human leukemia-derived cell line. These results have direct implications for leukemia therapeutics and suggest an approach to block aberrant signal transduction in other pathologies through the use of appropriately designed escort/inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lim
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Genetic and molecular characterization of the dominant suppressors of D-raf(C110) on the second chromosome identified two gain-of-function alleles of rolled (rl), which encodes a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in Drosophila. One of the alleles, rl(Su23), was found to bear the same molecular lesion as rl(Sem), which has been reported to be dominant female sterile. However, rl(Su23) and the current stock of rl(Sem) showed only a weak dominant female sterility. Detailed analyses of the rl mutations demonstrated moderate dominant activities of these alleles in the Torso (Tor) signaling pathway, which explains the weak dominant female sterility observed in this study. The dominant rl mutations failed to suppress the terminal class maternal-effect mutations, suggesting that activation of Rl is essential, but not sufficient, for Tor signaling. Involvement of rl in cell proliferation was also demonstrated by clonal analysis. Branching and integration of signals in the MAP kinase cascade is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lim YM, Tsuda L, Inoue YH, Irie K, Adachi-Yamada T, Hata M, Nishi Y, Matsumoto K, Nishida Y. Dominant mutations of Drosophila MAP kinase kinase and their activities in Drosophila and yeast MAP kinase cascades. Genetics 1997; 146:263-73. [PMID: 9136016 PMCID: PMC1207941 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/146.1.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight alleles of Dsor1 encoding a Drosophila homologue of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase were obtained as dominant suppressors of the MAP kinase kinase kinase D raf. These Dsor1 alleles themselves showed no obvious phenotypic consequences nor any effect on the viability of the flies, although they were highly sensitive to upstream signals and strongly interacted with gain-of-function mutations of upstream factors. They suppressed mutations for receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs); torso (tor), sevenless (sev) and to a lesser extent Drosophila EGF receptor (DER). Furthermore, the Dsor1 alleles showed no significant interaction with gain-of-function mutations of DER. The observed difference in activity of the Dsor1 alleles among the RTK pathways suggests Dsor1 is one of the components of the pathway that regulates signal specificity. Expression of Dsor1 in budding yeast demonstrated that Dsor1 can activate yeast MAP kinase homologues if a proper activator of Dsor1 is coexpressed. Nucleotide sequencing of the Dsor1 mutant genes revealed that most of the mutations are associated with amino acid changes at highly conserved residues in the kinase domain. The results suggest that they function as suppressors due to increased reactivity to upstream factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nishida Y, Inoue YH, Tsuda L, Adachi-Yamada T, Lim YM, Hata M, Ha HY, Sugiyama S. The Raf/MAP kinase cascade in cell cycle regulation and differentiation in Drosophila. Cell Struct Funct 1996; 21:437-44. [PMID: 9118253 DOI: 10.1247/csf.21.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishida
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cromwell SL, Russell CK, Lim YM, Luna I, Torres de Ardon E, Phillips LR. Uncovering the cultural context for quality of family caregiving for elders. West J Nurs Res 1996; 18:284-97. [PMID: 8693723 DOI: 10.1177/019394599601800305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a symposium exploring issues in developing cross-culturally equivalent conceptualizations and measures for a study of elder family caregiving. This article describes the development of an instrument to measure quality of elder family caregiving among Anglo and Mexican American caregivers. Following a review of typical approaches for evaluating quality of caregiving, a cross-cultural standard for excellence in elder caregiving is described. An instrument consistent with the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the QUALCARE Scale, is identified as an appropriate cross-cultural instrument for assessing the quality of elder family caregiving. Refinement of the QUALCARE Scale using Berry's model for cross-cultural research, which necessitated identification of appropriate cross-cultural indicators of quality, is described. Examples of this process of indicator clarification are given for several basic human rights, based on the cross-cultural research team members' experiences with Anglo and Mexican American caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Cromwell
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
This article is part of a symposium that explores the issues involved in developing cross-culturally equivalent conceptualizations and measures for studying family caregiving. The examples used are from the instrument development phase of an ongoing program of research designed to generate and test a theory that explains the quality of family caregiving for frail elders at home. This article provides the background for the symposium by introducing the symposium's unifying theme: cross-cultural equivalence. The process described is based on the experiences of the cross-cultural research team and Berry's model for developing cross-culturally equivalent research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Phillips
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
This article is part of a symposium describing the development of cross-culturally relevant instruments to measure familism, caregiver burden, and quality of elder caregiving among Anglo- and Mexican American caregivers. This article explores issues involved in measuring caregiving burden. Caregiving burden is thought to adversely affect family caregiving, but the influence of culture on perceptions of burden has not been explored. Because no research focuses on caregiving burden among Mexican American caregivers, the first step involved reviewing the literature for cultural factors influencing caregiving and using the expertise of the cross-cultural team to identify and compare the meaning of caregiving burden in both groups. Next, two instrumentation studies were done to analyze the items on Poulshock and Deimling's Burden Instrument for comparable meaning and internal consistency within and between groups. The third step involved assessing the validity of Poulshock and Deimling's conceptualization of burden cross-culturally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lim
- Department of Nursing, Kwandong University, Naegok-dong, Kangreung, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Although familism has been studied in both Mexican American and Anglo families, there is controversy about whether familism in both groups is the same. Research has shown great within-group variability, and in addition, the kinship structure in the two groups is fundamentally different. This article explores the cross-cultural issues in conceptualizing familism and its relevance to caregiving among Anglo and Mexican American caregivers. Based on data obtained in an ongoing research program, the process of arriving at similarities and differences in the expression of familism is discussed using Berry's criteria for achieving cultural equivalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Luna
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) (EC 3.1.1.11) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from ripe papaya fruits. The purification protocol consisted of ammonium sulphate precipitation (60-80%) and cation exchange chromatography in CM Sepharose CL-6B and Mono S. Papaya PME consists of two components (PME 1 and PME 2), which have been shown to be isoenzymes by Ferguson plot analysis. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 27,000 while its isoelectric point is greater than pH 9.0. The N-terminal sequences of PME 1 and PME 2 are SVVTPNAVVADDGVFXFKTG. Both PME 1 and PME 2 showed optimum activities at pH 8.0 and 35 degrees C. The average Kms of PME 1 and PME 2 are 0.0071 and 0.0166 g/liter pectin respectively, while the corresponding average Vmaxs are 741 and 800 mumol methanol/min/mg protein, respectively. Papaya pectin methylesterase is activated by cations, but the effect is more pronounced for divalent than monovalent cations. Inhibition studies showed that sucrose is a noncompetitive inhibitor while p-chloromercuribenzoic acid has no significant effect on its activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tsuda L, Inoue YH, Yoo MA, Mizuno M, Hata M, Lim YM, Adachi-Yamada T, Ryo H, Masamune Y, Nishida Y. A protein kinase similar to MAP kinase activator acts downstream of the raf kinase in Drosophila. Cell 1993; 72:407-14. [PMID: 8381718 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
D-raf, a Drosophila homolog of Raf-1, plays key roles in multiple signal transduction pathways. Dsor1, a putative factor downstream of D-raf, was genetically identified by screening of dominant suppressors of D-raf. Dsor1Su1 mapped on X chromosome significantly suppressed the D-raf mutant phenotypes, and the loss-of-function mutations of Dsor1 showed phenotypes similar to those of the D-raf null mutations. Dsor1Su1 also significantly suppressed the mutations of other terminal class genes acting further upstream of D-raf. Molecular cloning of Dsor1 revealed its product with striking similarity to the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) kinase activator and yeast PBS2, STE7, and byr1. Our genetic results demonstrate the connection between raf and the highly conserved protein kinase cascade involving MAP kinase in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Tsuda
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Muir CK, Lim YM. Adrenoceptor study of guinea-pig superior mesenteric--portal vein. Med J Malaysia 1980; 34:387-90. [PMID: 7219269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|