151
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Aki S, Yoshioka K, Takuwa N, Takuwa Y. TGFβ receptor endocytosis and Smad signaling require synaptojanin1, PI3K-C2α-, and INPP4B-mediated phosphoinositide conversions. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:360-372. [PMID: 31913757 PMCID: PMC7183790 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide conversion regulates a diverse array of dynamic membrane events including endocytosis. However, it is not well understood which enzymes are involved in phosphoinositide conversions for receptor endocytosis. We found by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown (KD) that class II PI3K α-isoform (PI3K-C2α), the 5'-phosphatase synaptojanin1 (Synj1), and the 4'-phosphatase INPP4B, but not PI3K-C2β, Synj2, or INPP4A, were required for TGFβ-induced endocytosis of TGFβ receptor. TGFβ induced rapid decreases in PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane (PM) with increases in PI(4)P, followed by increases in PI(3,4)P2, in a TGFβ receptor kinase ALK5-dependent manner. TGFβ induced the recruitment of both synaptojanin1 and PI3K-C2α to the PM with their substantial colocalization. Knockdown of synaptojanin1 abolished TGFβ-induced PI(4,5)P2 decreases and PI(4)P increases. Interestingly, PI3K-C2α KD abolished not only TGFβ-induced PI(3,4)P2 increases but also TGFβ-induced synaptojanin1 recruitment to the PM, PI(4,5)P2 decreases, and PI(4)P increases. Finally, the phosphoinositide conversions were necessary for TGFβ-induced activation of Smad2 and Smad3. These observations demonstrate that the sequential phosphoinositide conversions mediated by Synj1, PI3K-C2α, and INPP4B are essential for TGFβ receptor endocytosis and its signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Aki
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Noriko Takuwa
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Kahoku, Ishikawa 929-1210, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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152
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Doumane M, Caillaud MC. Assessing Extrinsic Membrane Protein Dependency to PI4P Using a Plasma Membrane to Endosome Relocalization Transient Assay in Nicotiana benthamiana. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2177:95-108. [PMID: 32632808 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0767-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are key players from which the various membranes of the cells acquire their identity. The relative accumulation of these low-abundant anionic phospholipids in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane and of various organelles generates a landmark code, responsible for the selective recruitment of extrinsic proteins at given membranes. One of the key players in the protein/lipid interaction at the plasma membrane in plant cells, is phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), which patterns the recruitment of effector proteins from the plasma membrane to organelles along the endocytic pathway. Here we describe a fast assay to assess the requirement of PI4P for membrane localization of extrinsic membrane proteins in vivo. This system relies on perturbing PI4P distribution in plant cells via the action of a PI4P phosphatase that depletes the pool of PI4P at a given membrane. This system efficiently decreases PI4P levels, and can therefore be easily used to assess requirement of PI4P (and electrostatics) for the targeting of extrinsic membrane proteins to the plasma membrane or endosomes. Ultimately, this system could also be extended to test the phosphatase activity in planta of enzymes putatively involved in PI4P metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Doumane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France.
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153
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Sawada S, Nakamura A, Yoshii T, Kuwata K, Nakatsu F, Tsukiji S. Protein-recruiting synthetic molecules targeting the Golgi surface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15422-15425. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06908f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic molecules consisting of a small-molecule ligand and a tri-N-methylated myristoyl-Gly-Cys lipopeptide serve as chemical tools to rapidly recruit their target proteins from the cytoplasm to the Golgi surface in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sawada
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yoshii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM)
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8602
- Japan
| | - Fubito Nakatsu
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
- Niigata University
- Niigata 951-8510
- Japan
| | - Shinya Tsukiji
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
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154
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Jose GP, Gopan S, Bhattacharyya S, Pucadyil TJ. A facile, sensitive and quantitative membrane-binding assay for proteins. Traffic 2019; 21:297-305. [PMID: 31846132 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Soluble proteins that bind membranes function in numerous cellular pathways yet facile, sensitive and quantitative methods that complement and improve sensitivity of widely used liposomes-based assays remain unavailable. Here, we describe the utility of a photoactivable fluorescent lipid as a generic reporter of protein-membrane interactions. When incorporated into liposomes and exposed to ultraviolet (UV), proteins bound to liposomes become crosslinked with the fluorescent lipid and can be readily detected and quantitated by in-gel fluorescence analysis. This modification obviates the requirement for high-speed centrifugation spins common to most liposome-binding assays. We refer to this assay as Proximity-based Labeling of Membrane-Associated Proteins (PLiMAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor P Jose
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Shilpa Gopan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Thomas J Pucadyil
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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155
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Frederick JM, Hanke-Gogokhia C, Ying G, Baehr W. Diffuse or hitch a ride: how photoreceptor lipidated proteins get from here to there. Biol Chem 2019; 401:573-584. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photoreceptors are polarized neurons, with specific subcellular compartmentalization and unique requirements for protein expression and trafficking. Each photoreceptor contains an outer segment (OS) where vision begins, an inner segment (IS) where protein synthesis occurs and a synaptic terminal for signal transmission to second-order neurons. The OS is a large, modified primary cilium attached to the IS by a slender connecting cilium (CC), the equivalent of the transition zone (TZ). Daily renewal of ~10% of the OS requires massive protein biosynthesis in the IS with reliable transport and targeting pathways. Transport of lipidated (‘sticky’) proteins depends on solubilization factors, phosphodiesterase δ (PDEδ) and uncoordinated protein-119 (UNC119), and the cargo dispensation factor (CDF), Arf-like protein 3-guanosine triphosphate (ARL3-GTP). As PDE6 and transducin still reside prominently in the OS of PDEδ and UNC119 germline knockout mice, respectively, we propose the existence of an alternate trafficking pathway, whereby lipidated proteins migrate in rhodopsin-containing vesicles of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Frederick
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah Health Science Center , 65 Mario Capecchi Drive , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
| | - Christin Hanke-Gogokhia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah Health Science Center , 65 Mario Capecchi Drive , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
| | - Guoxin Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah Health Science Center , 65 Mario Capecchi Drive , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
| | - Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah Health Science Center , 65 Mario Capecchi Drive , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT 84112 , USA
- Department of Biology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT 84132 , USA
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156
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Kremer L, Hennes E, Brause A, Ursu A, Robke L, Matsubayashi HT, Nihongaki Y, Flegel J, Mejdrová I, Eickhoff J, Baumann M, Nencka R, Janning P, Kordes S, Schöler HR, Sterneckert J, Inoue T, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Discovery of the Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Pipinib that Targets PI4KIIIß. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16617-16628. [PMID: 31454140 PMCID: PMC6900058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is crucial for vertebrate embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Hh signaling is upregulated in basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma and Hh pathway inhibitors targeting the Smoothened (SMO) protein are in clinical use. However, the signaling cascade is incompletely understood and novel druggable proteins in the pathway are in high demand. We describe the discovery of the Hh-pathway modulator Pipinib by means of cell-based screening. Target identification and validation revealed that Pipinib selectively inhibits phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KB) and suppresses GLI-mediated transcription and Hh target gene expression by impairing SMO translocation to the cilium. Therefore, inhibition of PI4KB and, consequently, reduction in phosphatidyl-4-phosphate levels may be considered an alternative approach to inhibit SMO function and thus, Hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Kremer
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Elisabeth Hennes
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Alexandra Brause
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Andrei Ursu
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644221DortmundGermany
- Current address: Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute110 Scripps WayJupiterFL33458USA
| | - Lucas Robke
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644221DortmundGermany
| | - Hideaki T. Matsubayashi
- Department of Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine855 N. Wolfe Street, 453 RangosBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Yuta Nihongaki
- Department of Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine855 N. Wolfe Street, 453 RangosBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Jana Flegel
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Ivana Mejdrová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryFlemingovo nam. 216610Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbHOtto-Hahn-Straße 1544227DortmundGermany
| | - Matthias Baumann
- Lead Discovery Center GmbHOtto-Hahn-Straße 1544227DortmundGermany
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryFlemingovo nam. 216610Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Susanne Kordes
- Lead Discovery Center GmbHOtto-Hahn-Straße 1544227DortmundGermany
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRöntgenstr. 2048149MünsterGermany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRöntgenstr. 2048149MünsterGermany
- Medical FacultyUniversity of MünsterDomagkstr. 348149MünsterGermany
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRöntgenstr. 2048149MünsterGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenDFG-Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden01307DresdenGermany
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine855 N. Wolfe Street, 453 RangosBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical BiologyMax-Planck-Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTechnical University DortmundOtto-Hahn-Straße 644221DortmundGermany
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157
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Kremer L, Hennes E, Brause A, Ursu A, Robke L, Matsubayashi HT, Nihongaki Y, Flegel J, Mejdrová I, Eickhoff J, Baumann M, Nencka R, Janning P, Kordes S, Schöler HR, Sterneckert J, Inoue T, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Discovery of the Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor Pipinib that Targets PI4KIIIß. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Kremer
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hennes
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Alexandra Brause
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrei Ursu
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 110 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Lucas Robke
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Hideaki T. Matsubayashi
- Department of Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 855 N. Wolfe Street, 453 Rangos Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Yuta Nihongaki
- Department of Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 855 N. Wolfe Street, 453 Rangos Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Jana Flegel
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Ivana Mejdrová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH Otto-Hahn-Straße 15 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Matthias Baumann
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH Otto-Hahn-Straße 15 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Susanne Kordes
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH Otto-Hahn-Straße 15 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine Röntgenstr. 20 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine Röntgenstr. 20 48149 Münster Germany
- Medical Faculty University of Münster Domagkstr. 3 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine Röntgenstr. 20 48149 Münster Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden DFG-Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 855 N. Wolfe Street, 453 Rangos Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Technical University Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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158
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Enforced expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase homolog alters PtdIns(4,5)P 2 distribution and the localization of small G-proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14789. [PMID: 31616009 PMCID: PMC6794296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) is essential for many functions including control of the cytoskeleton, signal transduction, and endocytosis. Due to its presence in the plasma membrane and anionic charge, PtdIns(4,5)P2, together with phosphatidylserine, provide the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane with a negative surface charge. This negative charge helps to define the identity of the plasma membrane, as it serves to recruit or regulate a multitude of peripheral and membrane proteins that contain polybasic domains or patches. Here, we determine that the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase homolog (PIPKH) alters the subcellular distribution of PtdIns(4,5)P2 by re-localizing the three PIP5Ks to endomembranes. We find a redistribution of the PIP5K family members to endomembrane structures upon PIPKH overexpression that is accompanied by accumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). PIP5Ks are targeted to membranes in part due to electrostatic interactions; however, the interaction between PIPKH and PIP5K is maintained following hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2. Expression of PIPKH did not impair bulk endocytosis as monitored by FM4-64 uptake but did result in clustering of FM4-64 positive endosomes. Finally, we demonstrate that accumulation of polyphosphoinositides increases the negative surface charge of endosomes and in turn, leads to relocalization of surface charge probes as well as the polycationic proteins K-Ras and Rac1.
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159
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Kirmiz M, Gillies TE, Dickson EJ, Trimmer JS. Neuronal ER-plasma membrane junctions organized by Kv2-VAP pairing recruit Nir proteins and affect phosphoinositide homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17735-17757. [PMID: 31594866 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of plasma membrane (PM)-localized voltage-gated potassium (Kv2) channels with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated proteins VAPA and VAPB defines ER-PM junctions in mammalian brain neurons. Here, we used proteomics to identify proteins associated with Kv2/VAP-containing ER-PM junctions. We found that the VAP-interacting membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) transfer proteins PYK2 N-terminal domain-interacting receptor 2 (Nir2) and Nir3 specifically associate with Kv2.1 complexes. When coexpressed with Kv2.1 and VAPA in HEK293T cells, Nir2 colocalized with cell-surface-conducting and -nonconducting Kv2.1 isoforms. This was enhanced by muscarinic-mediated PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, leading to dynamic recruitment of Nir2 to Kv2.1 clusters. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, exogenously expressed Nir2 did not strongly colocalize with Kv2.1, unless exogenous VAPA was also expressed, supporting the notion that VAPA mediates the spatial association of Kv2.1 and Nir2. Immunolabeling signals of endogenous Kv2.1, Nir2, and VAP puncta were spatially correlated in cultured neurons. Fluorescence-recovery-after-photobleaching experiments revealed that Kv2.1, VAPA, and Nir2 have comparable turnover rates at ER-PM junctions, suggesting that they form complexes at these sites. Exogenous Kv2.1 expression in HEK293T cells resulted in significant differences in the kinetics of PtdIns(4,5)P2 recovery following repetitive muscarinic stimulation, with no apparent impact on resting PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(4)P levels. Finally, the brains of Kv2.1-knockout mice had altered composition of PtdIns lipids, suggesting a crucial role for native Kv2.1-containing ER-PM junctions in regulating PtdIns lipid metabolism in brain neurons. These results suggest that ER-PM junctions formed by Kv2 channel-VAP pairing regulate PtdIns lipid homeostasis via VAP-associated PtdIns transfer proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirmiz
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Taryn E Gillies
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California 95616 .,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616
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160
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Kattan WE, Chen W, Ma X, Lan TH, van der Hoeven D, van der Hoeven R, Hancock JF. Targeting plasma membrane phosphatidylserine content to inhibit oncogenic KRAS function. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900431. [PMID: 31451509 PMCID: PMC6709719 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase KRAS, which is frequently mutated in human cancers, must be localized to the plasma membrane (PM) for biological activity. We recently showed that the KRAS C-terminal membrane anchor exhibits exquisite lipid-binding specificity for select species of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). We, therefore, investigated whether reducing PM PtdSer content is sufficient to abrogate KRAS oncogenesis. Oxysterol-related binding proteins ORP5 and ORP8 exchange PtdSer synthesized in the ER for phosphatidyl-4-phosphate synthesized in the PM. We show that depletion of ORP5 or ORP8 reduced PM PtdSer levels, resulting in extensive mislocalization of KRAS from the PM. Concordantly, ORP5 or ORP8 depletion significantly reduced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of multiple KRAS-dependent cancer cell lines, and attenuated KRAS signaling in vivo. Similarly, functionally inhibiting ORP5 and ORP8 by inhibiting PI4KIIIα-mediated synthesis of phosphatidyl-4-phosphate at the PM selectively inhibited the growth of KRAS-dependent cancer cell lines over normal cells. Inhibiting KRAS function through regulating PM lipid PtdSer content may represent a viable strategy for KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa E Kattan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tien Hung Lan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dharini van der Hoeven
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ransome van der Hoeven
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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161
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Levin-Konigsberg R, Montaño-Rendón F, Keren-Kaplan T, Li R, Ego B, Mylvaganam S, DiCiccio JE, Trimble WS, Bassik MC, Bonifacino JS, Fairn GD, Grinstein S. Phagolysosome resolution requires contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1234-1247. [PMID: 31570833 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides have a pivotal role in the maturation of nascent phagosomes into microbicidal phagolysosomes. Following degradation of their contents, mature phagolysosomes undergo resolution, a process that remains largely uninvestigated. Here we studied the role of phosphoinositides in phagolysosome resolution. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), which is abundant in maturing phagolysosomes, was depleted as they tubulated and resorbed. Depletion was caused, in part, by transfer of phagolysosomal PtdIns(4)P to the endoplasmic reticulum, a process mediated by oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 1L (ORP1L), a RAB7 effector. ORP1L formed discrete tethers between the phagolysosome and the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in distinct regions with alternating PtdIns(4)P depletion and enrichment. Tubules emerged from PtdIns(4)P-rich regions, where ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8B (ARL8B) and SifA- and kinesin-interacting protein/pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 2 (SKIP/PLEKHM2) accumulated. SKIP binds preferentially to monophosphorylated phosphoinositides, of which PtdIns(4)P is most abundant in phagolysosomes, contributing to their tubulation. Accordingly, premature hydrolysis of PtdIns(4)P impaired SKIP recruitment and phagosome resolution. Thus, resolution involves phosphoinositides and tethering of phagolysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Levin-Konigsberg
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Montaño-Rendón
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ren Li
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Braeden Ego
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sivakami Mylvaganam
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica E DiCiccio
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William S Trimble
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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162
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ER-lysosome contacts enable cholesterol sensing by mTORC1 and drive aberrant growth signalling in Niemann-Pick type C. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1206-1218. [PMID: 31548609 PMCID: PMC6936960 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol activates the master growth regulator, mTORC1 kinase, by promoting its recruitment to the surface of lysosomes via the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). The mechanisms that regulate lysosomal cholesterol content to enable mTORC1 signaling are unknown. We show that Oxysterol Binding Protein (OSBP) and its anchors at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), VAPA/B, deliver cholesterol across ER-lysosome contacts to activate mTORC1. In cells lacking OSBP, but not other VAP-interacting cholesterol carriers, mTORC1 recruitment by the Rag GTPases is inhibited due to impaired cholesterol transport to lysosomes. Conversely, OSBP-mediated cholesterol trafficking drives constitutive mTORC1 activation in a disease model caused by loss of the lysosomal cholesterol transporter, Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Chemical and genetic inactivation of OSBP suppresses aberrant mTORC1 signaling and restores autophagic function in cellular models of NPC. Thus, ER-lysosome contacts are signaling hubs that enable cholesterol sensing by mTORC1, and targeting their sterol-transfer activity could be beneficial in NPC.
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163
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Nguyen PM, Gandasi NR, Xie B, Sugahara S, Xu Y, Idevall-Hagren O. The PI(4)P phosphatase Sac2 controls insulin granule docking and release. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3714-3729. [PMID: 31533953 PMCID: PMC6829663 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin granule biogenesis involves transport to, and stable docking at, the plasma membrane before priming and fusion. Defects in this pathway result in impaired insulin secretion and are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. We now show that the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate phosphatase Sac2 localizes to insulin granules in a substrate-dependent manner and that loss of Sac2 results in impaired insulin secretion. Sac2 operates upstream of granule docking, since loss of Sac2 prevented granule tethering to the plasma membrane and resulted in both reduced granule density and number of exocytic events. Sac2 levels correlated positively with the number of docked granules and exocytic events in clonal β cells and with insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets, and Sac2 expression was reduced in islets from type 2 diabetic subjects. Taken together, we identified a phosphoinositide switch on the surface on insulin granules that is required for stable granule docking at the plasma membrane and impaired in human type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc My Nguyen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nikhil R Gandasi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beichen Xie
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sari Sugahara
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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164
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The Great Escape: how phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases and PI4P promote vesicle exit from the Golgi (and drive cancer). Biochem J 2019; 476:2321-2346. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is a membrane glycerophospholipid and a major regulator of the characteristic appearance of the Golgi complex as well as its vesicular trafficking, signalling and metabolic functions. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, and in particular the PI4KIIIβ isoform, act in concert with PI4P to recruit macromolecular complexes to initiate the biogenesis of trafficking vesicles for several Golgi exit routes. Dysregulation of Golgi PI4P metabolism and the PI4P protein interactome features in many cancers and is often associated with tumour progression and a poor prognosis. Increased expression of PI4P-binding proteins, such as GOLPH3 or PITPNC1, induces a malignant secretory phenotype and the release of proteins that can remodel the extracellular matrix, promote angiogenesis and enhance cell motility. Aberrant Golgi PI4P metabolism can also result in the impaired post-translational modification of proteins required for focal adhesion formation and cell–matrix interactions, thereby potentiating the development of aggressive metastatic and invasive tumours. Altered expression of the Golgi-targeted PI 4-kinases, PI4KIIIβ, PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ, or the PI4P phosphate Sac1, can also modulate oncogenic signalling through effects on TGN-endosomal trafficking. A Golgi trafficking role for a PIP 5-kinase has been recently described, which indicates that PI4P is not the only functionally important phosphoinositide at this subcellular location. This review charts new developments in our understanding of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase function at the Golgi and how PI4P-dependent trafficking can be deregulated in malignant disease.
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165
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Miller TE, Henkels KM, Huddleston M, Salisbury R, Hussain SM, Sasaki AT, Cho KJ. Depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate at the Golgi translocates K-Ras to mitochondria. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231886. [PMID: 31331963 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras proteins are small GTPases localized to the plasma membrane (PM), which regulate cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. After a series of post-translational modifications, H-Ras and N-Ras traffic to the PM from the Golgi via the classical exocytic pathway, but the exact mechanism of K-Ras trafficking to the PM from the ER is not fully characterized. ATP5G1 (also known as ATP5MC1) is one of the three proteins that comprise subunit c of the F 0 complex of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. In this study, we show that overexpression of the mitochondrial targeting sequence of ATP5G1 perturbs glucose metabolism, inhibits oncogenic K-Ras signaling, and redistributes phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to mitochondria and other endomembranes, resulting in K-Ras translocation to mitochondria. Also, it depletes phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the Golgi. Glucose supplementation restores PtdSer and K-Ras PM localization and PI4P at the Golgi. We further show that inhibition of the Golgi-localized PI4-kinases (PI4Ks) translocates K-Ras, and PtdSer to mitochondria and endomembranes, respectively. We conclude that PI4P at the Golgi regulates the PM localization of PtdSer and K-Ras.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, OH 45435, USA
| | - Karen M Henkels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, OH 45435, USA
| | - Mary Huddleston
- Human Signatures Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
| | - Richard Salisbury
- Human Signatures Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
| | - Saber M Hussain
- Human Signatures Branch, Human-Centered ISR Division, Airman Systems Directorate, 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kwang-Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, OH 45435, USA
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166
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Lau N, Haeberle AL, O’Keeffe BJ, Latomanski EA, Celli J, Newton HJ, Knodler LA. SopF, a phosphoinositide binding effector, promotes the stability of the nascent Salmonella-containing vacuole. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007959. [PMID: 31339948 PMCID: PMC6682159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), utilizes two type III secretion systems (T3SSs) to invade host cells, survive and replicate intracellularly. T3SS1 and its dedicated effector proteins are required for bacterial entry into non-phagocytic cells and establishment and trafficking of the nascent Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Here we identify the first T3SS1 effector required to maintain the integrity of the nascent SCV as SopF. SopF associates with host cell membranes, either when translocated by bacteria or ectopically expressed. Recombinant SopF binds to multiple phosphoinositides in protein-lipid overlays, suggesting that it targets eukaryotic cell membranes via phospholipid interactions. In yeast, the subcellular localization of SopF is dependent on the activity of Mss4, a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase that generates PI(4,5)P2 from PI(4)P, indicating that membrane recruitment of SopF requires specific phospholipids. Ectopically expressed SopF partially colocalizes with specific phosphoinositide pools present on the plasma membrane in mammalian cells and with cytoskeletal-associated markers at the leading edge of cells. Translocated SopF concentrates on plasma membrane ruffles and around intracellular bacteria, presumably on the SCV. SopF is not required for bacterial invasion of non-phagocytic cells but is required for maintenance of the internalization vacuole membrane as infection with a S. Typhimurium ΔsopF mutant led to increased lysis of the SCV compared to wild type bacteria. Our structure-function analysis shows that the carboxy-terminal seven amino acids of SopF are essential for its membrane association in host cells and to promote SCV membrane stability. We also describe that SopF and another T3SS1 effector, SopB, act antagonistically to modulate nascent SCV membrane dynamics. In summary, our study highlights that a delicate balance of type III effector activities regulates the stability of the Salmonella internalization vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lau
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Haeberle
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Brittany J. O’Keeffe
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Eleanor A. Latomanski
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean Celli
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Hayley J. Newton
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (LAK); (HJN)
| | - Leigh A. Knodler
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LAK); (HJN)
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167
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Hansen SD, Huang WYC, Lee YK, Bieling P, Christensen SM, Groves JT. Stochastic geometry sensing and polarization in a lipid kinase-phosphatase competitive reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15013-15022. [PMID: 31278151 PMCID: PMC6660746 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901744116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation reactions, driven by competing kinases and phosphatases, are central elements of cellular signal transduction. We reconstituted a native eukaryotic lipid kinase-phosphatase reaction that drives the interconversion of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-phosphate [PI(4,5)P2] on membrane surfaces. This system exhibited bistability and formed spatial composition patterns on supported membranes. In smaller confined regions of membrane, rapid diffusion ensures the system remains spatially homogeneous, but the final outcome-a predominantly PI(4)P or PI(4,5)P2 membrane composition-was governed by the size of the reaction environment. In larger confined regions, interplay between the reactions, diffusion, and confinement created a variety of differentially patterned states, including polarization. Experiments and kinetic modeling reveal how these geometric confinement effects arise from a mechanism based on stochastic fluctuations in the copy number of membrane-bound kinases and phosphatases. The underlying requirements for such behavior are unexpectedly simple and likely to occur in natural biological signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - William Y C Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Young Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Peter Bieling
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Jay T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, CA 94720
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168
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Klose M, Salloum JE, Gonschior H, Linder S. SNX3 drives maturation of Borrelia phagosomes by forming a hub for PI(3)P, Rab5a, and galectin-9. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3039-3059. [PMID: 31337623 PMCID: PMC6719455 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease. Klose et al. show that SNX3 drives processing of internalized B. burgdorferi by binding PI(3)P on the phagosome surface and recruiting galectin-9 vesicles, thus forming a convergence point for the endosomal recycling machinery during processing of spirochetes. The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is internalized by macrophages and processed in phagolysosomes. Phagosomal compaction, a crucial step in phagolysosome maturation, is driven by contact of Rab5a-positive vesicles with the phagosomal coat. We show that the sorting nexin SNX3 is transported with Rab5a vesicles and that its PX domain enables vesicle–phagosome contact by binding to PI(3)P in the phagosomal coat. Moreover, the C-terminal region of SNX3 recruits galectin-9, a lectin implicated in protein and membrane recycling, which we identify as a further regulator of phagosome compaction. SNX3 thus forms a hub for two distinct vesicle populations, constituting a convergence point for the endosomal recycling machinery, to contribute to phagosome maturation and intracellular processing of borreliae. These data also suggest that the helical shape of B. burgdorferi itself, providing sites of high curvature and thus local PI(3)P enrichment at phagosomes, may be one of the driving elements underlying the efficient elimination of spirochetes by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klose
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johann E Salloum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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169
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Dopey1-Mon2 complex binds to dual-lipids and recruits kinesin-1 for membrane trafficking. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3218. [PMID: 31324769 PMCID: PMC6642134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are transported among eukaryotic organelles along the cytoskeleton in membrane carriers. The mechanism regarding the motility of carriers and the positioning of organelles is a fundamental question in cell biology that remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that Dopey1 and Mon2 assemble into a complex and localize to the Golgi, endolysosome and endoplasmic reticulum exit site. The Golgi localization of Dopey1 and Mon2 requires their binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidic acid, respectively, two lipids known for the biogenesis of membrane carriers and the specification of organelle identities. The N-terminus of Dopey1 further interacts with kinesin-1, a plus-end or centrifugal-direction microtubule motor. Dopey1-Mon2 complex functions as a dual-lipid-regulated cargo-adaptor to recruit kinesin-1 to secretory and endocytic organelles or membrane carriers for centrifugally biased bidirectional transport. Dopey1-Mon2 complex therefore provides an important missing link to coordinate the budding of a membrane carrier and subsequent bidirectional transport along the microtubule. Proteins are transported among eukaryotic organelles along the cytoskeleton in membrane carriers. Here authors find that the Dopey1-Mon2 complex functions as a dual-lipid-regulated cargo-adaptor to recruit kinesin-1 to secretory and endocytic organelles or membrane carriers.
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170
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Mizutani N, Okochi Y, Okamura Y. Distinct functional properties of two electrogenic isoforms of the SLC34 Na-Pi cotransporter. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14156. [PMID: 31342668 PMCID: PMC6656865 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi ) is crucial for proper cellular function in all organisms. In mammals, type II Na-Pi cotransporters encoded by members of the Slc34 gene family play major roles in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating Na-Pi cotransporter activity within the plasma membrane are largely unknown. In the present study, we used two approaches to examine the effect of changing plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 ) levels on the activities of two electrogenic Na-Pi cotransporters, NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIb. To deplete plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2 in Xenopus oocytes, we utilized Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensing phosphatase (Ci-VSP), which dephosphorylates PI(4,5)P2 to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P). Upon activation of Ci-VSP, NaPi-IIb currents were significantly decreased, whereas NaPi-IIa currents were unaffected. We also used the rapamycin-inducible Pseudojanin (PJ) system to deplete both PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P from the plasma membrane of cultured Neuro 2a cells. Depletion of PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P using PJ significantly reduced NaPi-IIb activity, but NaPi-IIa activity was unaffected, which excluded the possibility that NaPi-IIa is equally sensitive to PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P. These results indicate that NaPi-IIb activity is regulated by PI(4,5)P2 , whereas NaPi-IIa is not sensitive to either PI(4,5)P2 or PI(4)P. In addition, patch clamp recording of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIb currents in cultured mammalian cells enabled kinetic analysis with higher temporal resolution, revealing their distinct kinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Mizutani
- Laboratory of Integrative PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Okochi
- Laboratory of Integrative PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Laboratory of Integrative PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan
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171
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Barylko B, Chen YJ, Hennen J, Angert I, Chen Y, Mueller JD, Sun HQ, Taylor CA, Liou J, Yin H, Albanesi JP. Myristoylation-Dependent Palmitoylation of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Adaptor FRS2α. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2809-2813. [PMID: 31184863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An early step in signaling from activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is the recruitment of cytosolic adaptor proteins to autophosphorylated tyrosines in the receptor cytoplasmic domains. Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2α (FRS2α) associates via its phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTB) to FGF receptors (FGFRs). Upon FGFR activation, FRS2α undergoes phosphorylation on multiple tyrosines, triggering recruitment of the adaptor Grb2 and the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2, resulting in stimulation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. FRS2α also undergoes N-myristoylation, which was shown to be important for its localization to membranes and its ability to stimulate downstream signaling events (Kouhara et al., 1997). Here we show that FRS2α is also palmitoylated in cells and that cysteines 4 and 5 account for the entire modification. We further show that mutation of those two cysteines interferes with FRS2α localization to the plasma membrane (PM), and we quantify this observation using fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy approaches. Importantly, prevention of myristoylation by introduction of a G2A mutation also abrogates palmitoylation, raising the possibility that signaling defects previously ascribed to the G2A mutant may actually be due to a failure of that mutant to undergo palmitoylation. Our results demonstrate that FRS2α undergoes coupled myristoylation and palmitoylation. Unlike stable cotranslational modifications, such as myristoylation and prenylation, palmitoylation is reversible due to the relative lability of the thioester linkage. Therefore, palmitoylation may provide a mechanism, in addition to phosphorylation, for dynamic regulation of FRS2 and its downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jared Hennen
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Isaac Angert
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Joachim D Mueller
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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172
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Saffi GT, Botelho RJ. Lysosome Fission: Planning for an Exit. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:635-646. [PMID: 31171420 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic and degradative organelles that receive and digest a plethora of molecular and particulate cargo delivered by endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis. The mechanisms responsible for sorting, transporting, and ultimately delivering membranes and cargo to lysosomes through fusion have been intensely investigated. Much less is understood about lysosome fission, which is necessary to balance the incessant flow of cargo into lysosomes and maintain steady-state number, size, and function of lysosomes. Here, we review the emerging picture of how lipid signals, coat and adaptor proteins, and motor-cytoskeletal assemblies drive budding, tubulation, splitting, and 'kiss-and-run' events that enable fission and exit from lysosomes and related organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam T Saffi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ONT, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ONT, M5B2K3, Canada.
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173
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Kurokawa Y, Konishi R, Yoshida A, Tomioku K, Futagami T, Tamaki H, Tanabe K, Fujita A. Essential and distinct roles of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, Pik1p and Stt4p, in yeast autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1214-1225. [PMID: 31125705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative cellular pathway that protects eukaryotic cells from starvation/stress. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, Pik1p and Stt4p, are indispensable for autophagy in budding yeast, but participation of PtdIns-4 kinases and their product, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PtdIns(4)P], is not understood. Nanoscale membrane lipid distribution analysis showed PtdIns(4)P is more abundant in yeast autophagosomes in the luminal leaflet than the cytoplasmic leaflet. PtdIns(4)P is confined to the cytoplasmic leaflet of autophagosomal inner and outer membranes in mammalian cells. Using temperature-conditional single PIK1 or STT4 PtdIns 4-kinase mutants, autophagic bodies in the vacuole of PIK1 and STT4 mutant cells dramatically decreased at restrictive temperatures, and the number of autophagosomes in the cytosol of PIK1 mutants cells was also decreased, whereas autophagosome levels of STT4 mutant cells were comparable to that of wild-type and STT4 mutant cells at permissive temperatures. Localization of PtdIns(4)P in the luminal leaflet in the biological membrane is a novel finding, and differences in PtdIns(4)P distribution suggest substantial differences between yeast and mammals. We also demonstrate in this study that Pik1p and Stt4p play essential roles in autophagosome formation and autophagosome-vacuole fusion in yeast cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Rikako Konishi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akane Yoshida
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kanna Tomioku
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Taiki Futagami
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hisanori Tamaki
- Education and Research Center for Fermentation Studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanabe
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akikazu Fujita
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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174
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Judith D, Jefferies HBJ, Boeing S, Frith D, Snijders AP, Tooze SA. ATG9A shapes the forming autophagosome through Arfaptin 2 and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1634-1652. [PMID: 30917996 PMCID: PMC6504893 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG9A is a multispanning membrane protein essential for autophagy. Normally resident in Golgi membranes and endosomes, during amino acid starvation, ATG9A traffics to sites of autophagosome formation. ATG9A is not incorporated into autophagosomes but is proposed to supply so-far-unidentified proteins and lipids to the autophagosome. To address this function of ATG9A, a quantitative analysis of ATG9A-positive compartments immunoisolated from amino acid-starved cells was performed. These ATG9A vesicles are depleted of Golgi proteins and enriched in BAR-domain containing proteins, Arfaptins, and phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes. Arfaptin2 regulates the starvation-dependent distribution of ATG9A vesicles, and these ATG9A vesicles deliver the PI4-kinase, PI4KIIIβ, to the autophagosome initiation site. PI4KIIIβ interacts with ATG9A and ATG13 to control PI4P production at the initiation membrane site and the autophagic response. PI4KIIIβ and PI4P likely function by recruiting the ULK1/2 initiation kinase complex subunit ATG13 to nascent autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Judith
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Stefan Boeing
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David Frith
- Proteomics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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175
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Hilbi H, Nagai H, Kubori T, Roy CR. Subversion of Host Membrane Dynamics by the Legionella Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion System. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019. [PMID: 29536361 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75241-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Legionella species are Gram-negative ubiquitous environmental bacteria, which thrive in biofilms and parasitize protozoa. Employing an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, the opportunistic pathogens also replicate intracellularly in mammalian macrophages. This feature is a prerequisite for the pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila, which causes the vast majority of clinical cases of a severe pneumonia, termed "Legionnaires' disease." In macrophages as well as in amoeba, L. pneumophila grows in a distinct membrane-bound compartment, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Formation of this replication-permissive pathogen compartment requires the bacterial Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS). Through the T4SS as many as 300 different "effector" proteins are injected into host cells, where they presumably subvert pivotal processes. Less than 40 Dot/Icm substrates have been characterized in detail to date, a number of which show unprecedented biological activities. Some of these effector proteins target host cell small GTPases, phosphoinositide lipids, the chelator phytate, the ubiquitination machinery, the retromer complex, the actin cytoskeleton, or the autophagy pathway. A recently discovered class of L. pneumophila effectors modulates the activity of other effectors and is termed "metaeffectors." Here, we summarize recent insight into the cellular functions and biochemical activities of L. pneumophila effectors and metaeffectors targeting the host's endocytic, retrograde, or autophagic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kubori
- School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Craig R Roy
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, 295 Congress Avenue, BCMM 354B, New Haven, CT, 06536-0812, USA.
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176
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Wang Y, Mousley CJ, Lete MG, Bankaitis VA. An equal opportunity collaboration between lipid metabolism and proteins in the control of membrane trafficking in the trans-Golgi and endosomal systems. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 59:58-72. [PMID: 31039522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the evolution of the cell biology of lipids into an extremely active area of investigation. Deciphering the involvement of lipid metabolism and lipid signaling in membrane trafficking pathways defines a major nexus of contemporary experimental activity on this front. Significant effort in that direction is invested in understanding the trans-Golgi network/endosomal system where unambiguous connections between membrane trafficking and inositol lipid and phosphatidylcholine metabolism were first discovered. However, powered by new advances in contemporary cell biology, the march of science is rapidly expanding that window of inquiry to include ever more diverse arms of the lipid metabolome, and to include other compartments of the secretory pathway as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
| | - Carl J Mousley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Marta G Lete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.
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177
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Baba T, Toth DJ, Sengupta N, Kim YJ, Balla T. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate controls Rab7 and PLEKHM1 membrane cycling during autophagosome-lysosome fusion. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100312. [PMID: 31368593 PMCID: PMC6463214 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab7 is a key organizer of receptor sorting and lysosomal degradation by recruiting of a variety of effectors depending on its GDP/GTP-bound state. However, molecular mechanisms that trigger Rab7 inactivation remain elusive. Here we find that, among the endosomal pools, Rab7-positive compartments possess the highest level of PI4P, which is primarily produced by PI4K2A kinase. Acute conversion of this endosomal PI4P to PI(4,5)P2 causes Rab7 dissociation from late endosomes and releases a regulator of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, PLEKHM1, from the membrane. Rab7 effectors Vps35 and RILP are not affected by acute PI(4,5)P2 production. Deletion of PI4K2A greatly reduces PIP5Kγ-mediated PI(4,5)P2 production in Rab7-positive endosomes leading to impaired Rab7 inactivation and increased number of LC3-positive structures with defective autophagosome-lysosome fusion. These results reveal a late endosomal PI4P-PI(4,5)P2 -dependent regulatory loop that impacts autophagosome flux by affecting Rab7 cycling and PLEKHM1 association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Daniel J Toth
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nivedita Sengupta
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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178
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Jun YW, Lee JA, Jang DJ. Novel GFP-fused protein probes for detecting phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate in the plasma membrane. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:164-169. [PMID: 31231579 PMCID: PMC6567041 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1599424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) plays a crucial role in cellular functions, including protein trafficking, and is mainly located in the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular membranes, which include the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane. However, many PI4P-binding domains of membrane-associated proteins are localized only to the TGN because of the requirement of a second binding protein such as ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) in order to be stably localized to the specific membrane. In this study, we developed new probes that were capable of detecting PI4P at the plasma membrane using the known TGN-targeting PI4P-binding domains. The PI4P-specific binding pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of various proteins including CERT, OSBP, OSH1, and FAPP1 was combined with the N-terminal moderately hydrophobic domain of the short-form of Aplysia phosphodiesterase 4 (S(N30)), which aids in plasma membrane association but cannot alone facilitate this association. As a result, we found that the addition of S(N30) to the N-terminus of the GFP-fused PH domain of OSBP (S(N30)-GFP-OSBP-PH), OSH1 (S(N30)-GFP-OSH1-PH), or FAPP1 (S(N30)-GFP-FAPP1-PH) could induce plasma membrane localization, as well as retain TGN localization. The plasma membrane localization of S(N30)-GFP-FAPP1-PH is mediated by PI4P binding only, whereas those of S(N30)-GFP-OSBP-PH and S(N30)-GFP-OSH1-PH are mediated by either PI4P or PI(4,5)P2 binding. Taken together, we developed new probes that detect PI4P at the plasma membrane using a combination of a moderately hydrophobic domain with the known TGN-targeting PI4P-specific binding PH domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Woo Jun
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jang
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Republic of Korea
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179
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Ren C, Yuan Q, Braun M, Zhang X, Petri B, Zhang J, Kim D, Guez-Haddad J, Xue W, Pan W, Fan R, Kubes P, Sun Z, Opatowsky Y, Polleux F, Karatekin E, Tang W, Wu D. Leukocyte Cytoskeleton Polarization Is Initiated by Plasma Membrane Curvature from Cell Attachment. Dev Cell 2019; 49:206-219.e7. [PMID: 30930167 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarization is important for various biological processes. However, its regulation, particularly initiation, is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated mechanisms by which neutrophils break their symmetry and initiate their cytoskeleton polarization from an apolar state in circulation for their extravasation during inflammation. We show here that a local increase in plasma membrane (PM) curvature resulting from cell contact to a surface triggers the initial breakage of the symmetry of an apolar neutrophil and is required for subsequent polarization events induced by chemical stimulation. This local increase in PM curvature recruits SRGAP2 via its F-BAR domain, which in turn activates PI4KA and results in PM PtdIns4P polarization. Polarized PM PtdIns4P is targeted by RPH3A, which directs PIP5K1C90 and subsequent phosphorylated myosin light chain polarization, and this polarization signaling axis regulates neutrophil firm attachment to endothelium. Thus, this study reveals a mechanism for the initiation of cell cytoskeleton polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qianying Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Martha Braun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Björn Petri
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Julia Guez-Haddad
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Wenzhi Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, and Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yarden Opatowsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.
| | - Wenwen Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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180
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Abstract
Lipids convey both structural and functional properties to eukaryotic membranes. Understanding the basic lipid composition and the dynamics of these important molecules, in the context of cellular membranes, can shed light on signaling, metabolism, trafficking, and even membrane identity. The development of genetically encoded lipid biosensors has allowed for the visualization of specific lipids inside individual, living cells. However, a number of caveats and considerations have emerged with the overexpression of these biosensors. In this Technical Perspective, we provide a current list of available genetically encoded lipid biosensors, together with criteria that determine their veracity. We also provide some suggestions for the optimal utilization of these biosensors when both designing experiments and interpreting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 16261
| | - Brady D Goulden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 16261
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 16261
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181
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Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIn) are essential signaling phospholipids that make remarkable contributions to the identity of all cellular membranes and signaling cascades in mammalian cells. They exert regulatory control over membrane homeostasis via selective interactions with cellular proteins at the membrane–cytoplasm interface. This review article briefly summarizes our current understanding of the key roles that PPIn play in orchestrating and regulating crucial electrical and chemical signaling events in mammalian neurons and the significant neuro-pathophysiological conditions that arise following alterations in their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn James Dickson
- Department Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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182
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Botero S, Chiaroni-Clarke R, Simon SM. Escherichia coli as a platform for the study of phosphoinositide biology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaat4872. [PMID: 30944849 PMCID: PMC6436935 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a minor component of cells, phosphoinositides are essential for eukaryotic membrane biology, serving as markers of organelle identity and involved in several signaling cascades. Their many functions, combined with alternative synthesis pathways, make in vivo study very difficult. In vitro studies are limited by their inability to fully recapitulate the complexities of membranes in living cells. We engineered the biosynthetic pathway for the most abundant phosphoinositides into the bacterium Escherichia coli, which is naturally devoid of this class of phospholipids. These modified E. coli, when grown in the presence of myo-inositol, incorporate phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) into their plasma membrane. We tested models of biophysical mechanisms with these phosphoinositides in a living membrane, using our system to evaluate the role of PIP2 in nonconventional protein export of human basic fibroblast growth factor 2. We found that PI alone is sufficient for the process.
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183
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Luo J, Jiang LY, Yang H, Song BL. Intracellular Cholesterol Transport by Sterol Transfer Proteins at Membrane Contact Sites. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:273-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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184
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Imaging Lipid Metabolism at the Golgi Complex. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30790248 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9136-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of fluorescence-based molecular imaging has revolutionized cell biology allowing the visualization of specific biomolecules at the microscopic and, more recently, at the nanoscopic scale while in their relevant biological contexts. Nonetheless, despite the imaging toolkit for biologists interested in exploring the subcellular localization and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids has expanded exponentially in the last decades, the means to visualize and track lipids in cells did not develop to the same extent until recently. Here we described some basic fluorescence-based techniques that can be used in standard cell biology laboratories to visualize subcellular pools of specific lipids and to evaluate their regional metabolism. Specifically, here we focus on the imaging-based analysis of phosphoinositide and sphingolipid metabolism at the Golgi complex.
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185
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Jacquemet G, Stubb A, Saup R, Miihkinen M, Kremneva E, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. Filopodome Mapping Identifies p130Cas as a Mechanosensitive Regulator of Filopodia Stability. Curr Biol 2019; 29:202-216.e7. [PMID: 30639111 PMCID: PMC6345628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Filopodia are adhesive cellular protrusions specialized in the detection of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived cues. Although ECM engagement at focal adhesions is known to trigger the recruitment of hundreds of proteins ("adhesome") to fine-tune cellular behavior, the components of the filopodia adhesions remain undefined. Here, we performed a structured-illumination-microscopy-based screen to map the localization of 80 target proteins, linked to cell adhesion and migration, within myosin-X-induced filopodia. We demonstrate preferential enrichment of several adhesion proteins to either filopodia tips, filopodia shafts, or shaft subdomains, suggesting divergent, spatially restricted functions for these proteins. Moreover, proteins with phosphoinositide (PI) binding sites are particularly enriched in filopodia. This, together with the strong localization of PI(3,4)P2 in filopodia tips, predicts critical roles for PIs in regulating filopodia ultra-structure and function. Our mapping further reveals that filopodia adhesions consist of a unique set of proteins, the filopodome, that are distinct from classical nascent adhesions, focal adhesions, and fibrillar adhesions. Using live imaging, we observe that filopodia adhesions can give rise to nascent adhesions, which, in turn, form focal adhesions. We demonstrate that p130Cas (BCAR1) is recruited to filopodia tips via its C-terminal Cas family homology domain (CCHD) and acts as a mechanosensitive regulator of filopodia stability. Finally, we demonstrate that our map based on myosin-X-induced filopodia can be translated to endogenous filopodia and fascin- and IRSp53-mediated filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Aki Stubb
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Rafael Saup
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mitro Miihkinen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Elena Kremneva
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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186
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Venditti R, Masone MC, Rega LR, Di Tullio G, Santoro M, Polishchuk E, Serrano IC, Olkkonen VM, Harada A, Medina DL, La Montagna R, De Matteis MA. The activity of Sac1 across ER-TGN contact sites requires the four-phosphate-adaptor-protein-1. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:783-797. [PMID: 30659099 PMCID: PMC6400556 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Venditti et al. identify FAPP1 as a new determinant of ER–trans-Golgi network contacts that interacts with the phosphoinositide phosphatase Sac1 and promotes its phosphatase activity. The results suggest that, by controlling PI4P levels, FAPP1 acts as a gatekeeper of cargo Golgi exit. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P), a phosphoinositide with key roles in the Golgi complex, is made by Golgi-associated phosphatidylinositol-4 kinases and consumed by the 4-phosphatase Sac1 that, instead, is an ER membrane protein. Here, we show that the contact sites between the ER and the TGN (ERTGoCS) provide a spatial setting suitable for Sac1 to dephosphorylate PI4P at the TGN. The ERTGoCS, though necessary, are not sufficient for the phosphatase activity of Sac1 on TGN PI4P, since this needs the phosphatidyl-four-phosphate-adaptor-protein-1 (FAPP1). FAPP1 localizes at ERTGoCS, interacts with Sac1, and promotes its in-trans phosphatase activity in vitro. We envision that FAPP1, acting as a PI4P detector and adaptor, positions Sac1 close to TGN domains with elevated PI4P concentrations allowing PI4P consumption. Indeed, FAPP1 depletion induces an increase in TGN PI4P that leads to increased secretion of selected cargoes (e.g., ApoB100), indicating that FAPP1, by controlling PI4P levels, acts as a gatekeeper of Golgi exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Venditti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Laura Rita Rega
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Michele Santoro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Medical School, Naples, Italy
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187
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Sengupta N, Jović M, Barnaeva E, Kim DW, Hu X, Southall N, Dejmek M, Mejdrova I, Nencka R, Baumlova A, Chalupska D, Boura E, Ferrer M, Marugan J, Balla T. A large scale high-throughput screen identifies chemical inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type II alpha. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:683-693. [PMID: 30626625 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d090159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The minor phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), is emerging as a key regulator of lipid transfer in ER-membrane contact sites. Four different phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) enzymes generate PI4P in different membrane compartments supporting distinct cellular processes, many of which are crucial for the maintenance of cellular integrity but also hijacked by intracellular pathogens. While type III PI4Ks have been targeted by small molecular inhibitors, thus helping decipher their importance in cellular physiology, no inhibitors are available for the type II PI4Ks, which hinders investigations into their cellular functions. Here, we describe the identification of small molecular inhibitors of PI4K type II alpha (PI4K2A) by implementing a large scale small molecule high-throughput screening. A novel assay was developed that allows testing of selected inhibitors against PI4K2A in intact cells using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer approach adapted to plate readers. The compounds disclosed here will pave the way to the optimization of PI4K2A inhibitors that can be used in cellular and animal studies to better understand the role of this enzyme in both normal and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sengupta
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Marko Jović
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - David W Kim
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Mejdrova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Baumlova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Chalupska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Juan Marugan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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188
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Feng Z, Xu K, Kovalev N, Nagy PD. Recruitment of Vps34 PI3K and enrichment of PI3P phosphoinositide in the viral replication compartment is crucial for replication of a positive-strand RNA virus. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007530. [PMID: 30625229 PMCID: PMC6342326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tombusviruses depend on subversions of multiple host factors and retarget cellular pathways to support viral replication. In this work, we demonstrate that tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and the closely-related carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) recruit the cellular Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) into the large viral replication compartment. The kinase function of Vps34 is critical for TBSV replication, suggesting that PI(3)P phosphoinositide is utilized by TBSV for building of the replication compartment. We also observed increased expression of Vps34 and the higher abundance of PI(3)P in the presence of the tombusviral replication proteins, which likely leads to more efficient tombusvirus replication. Accordingly, overexpression of PI(3)P phosphatase in yeast or plants inhibited TBSV replication on the peroxisomal membranes and CIRV replication on the mitochondrial membranes. Moreover, the purified PI(3)P phosphatase reduced TBSV replicase assembly in a cell-free system. Detection of PI(3)P with antibody or a bioprobe revealed the enrichment of PI(3)P in the replication compartment. Vps34 is directly recruited into the replication compartment through interaction with p33 replication protein. Gene deletion analysis in surrogate yeast host unraveled that TBSV replication requires the vesicle transport function of Vps34. In the absence of Vps34, TBSV cannot efficiently recruit the Rab5-positive early endosomes, which provide PE-rich membranes for membrane biogenesis of the TBSV replication compartment. We found that Vps34 and PI(3)P needed for the stability of the p33 replication protein, which is degraded by the 26S proteasome when PI(3)P abundance was decreased by an inhibitor of Vps34. In summary, Vps34 and PI(3)P are needed for providing the optimal microenvironment for the replication of the peroxisomal TBSV and the mitochondrial CIRV. Replication of RNA viruses infecting various eukaryotic organisms is the central step in the infection process that leads to generation of progeny viruses. The replication process requires the assembly of numerous viral replicase complexes within the large replication compartment, whose formation is not well understood. Using tombusviruses and the model host yeast, the authors discovered that a highly conserved cellular lipid kinase, Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), is critical for the formation of the viral replication compartment. Expression of PI3K mutants and the PI(3)P phosphatase revealed that the PI(3)P phosphoinositide produced by Vps34 is crucial for tombusvirus replication. Tombusviruses co-opt Vps34 through interaction with the viral replication protein into the replication compartment. In vitro reconstitution of the tombusvirus replicase revealed the need for Vps34 and PI(3)P for the full-activity of the viral replicase. Chemical inhibition of Vps34 in yeast or plants showed that PI(3)P is important for the replication of several plant viruses within the Tombusviridae family and the insect-infecting Nodamuravirus. These results open up the possibility that the cellular Vps34 PI3K could be a target for new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (KX); (PDN)
| | - Nikolay Kovalev
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Nagy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KX); (PDN)
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189
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Understanding phosphoinositides: rare, dynamic, and essential membrane phospholipids. Biochem J 2019; 476:1-23. [PMID: 30617162 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIs) are essential phospholipids located in the cytoplasmic leaflet of eukaryotic cell membranes. Despite contributing only a small fraction to the bulk of cellular phospholipids, they make remarkable contributions to practically all aspects of a cell's life and death. They do so by recruiting cytoplasmic proteins/effectors or by interacting with cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins at the membrane-cytoplasm interface to organize and mold organelle identity. The present study summarizes aspects of our current understanding concerning the metabolism, manipulation, measurement, and intimate roles these lipids play in regulating membrane homeostasis and vital cell signaling reactions in health and disease.
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190
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Pemberton JG, Balla T. Polyphosphoinositide-Binding Domains: Insights from Peripheral Membrane and Lipid-Transfer Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1111:77-137. [PMID: 30483964 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Within eukaryotic cells, biochemical reactions need to be organized on the surface of membrane compartments that use distinct lipid constituents to dynamically modulate the functions of integral proteins or influence the selective recruitment of peripheral membrane effectors. As a result of these complex interactions, a variety of human pathologies can be traced back to improper communication between proteins and membrane surfaces; either due to mutations that directly alter protein structure or as a result of changes in membrane lipid composition. Among the known structural lipids found in cellular membranes, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is unique in that it also serves as the membrane-anchored precursor of low-abundance regulatory lipids, the polyphosphoinositides (PPIn), which have restricted distributions within specific subcellular compartments. The ability of PPIn lipids to function as signaling platforms relies on both non-specific electrostatic interactions and the selective stereospecific recognition of PPIn headgroups by specialized protein folds. In this chapter, we will attempt to summarize the structural diversity of modular PPIn-interacting domains that facilitate the reversible recruitment and conformational regulation of peripheral membrane proteins. Outside of protein folds capable of capturing PPIn headgroups at the membrane interface, recent studies detailing the selective binding and bilayer extraction of PPIn species by unique functional domains within specific families of lipid-transfer proteins will also be highlighted. Overall, this overview will help to outline the fundamental physiochemical mechanisms that facilitate localized interactions between PPIn lipids and the wide-variety of PPIn-binding proteins that are essential for the coordinate regulation of cellular metabolism and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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191
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Goulden BD, Pacheco J, Dull A, Zewe JP, Deiters A, Hammond GRV. A high-avidity biosensor reveals plasma membrane PI(3,4)P 2 is predominantly a class I PI3K signaling product. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:1066-1079. [PMID: 30591513 PMCID: PMC6400549 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201809026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K) signaling is central to animal growth and metabolism, and pathological disruption of this pathway affects cancer and diabetes. However, the specific spatial/temporal dynamics and signaling roles of its minor lipid messenger, phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2), are not well understood. This owes principally to a lack of tools to study this scarce lipid. Here we developed a high-sensitivity genetically encoded biosensor for PI(3,4)P2, demonstrating high selectivity and specificity of the sensor for the lipid. We show that despite clear evidence for class II PI3K in PI(3,4)P2-driven function, the overwhelming majority of the lipid accumulates through degradation of class I PI3K-produced PIP3 However, we show that PI(3,4)P2 is also subject to hydrolysis by the tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase PTEN. Collectively, our results show that PI(3,4)P2 is potentially an important driver of class I PI3K-driven signaling and provides powerful new tools to begin to resolve the biological functions of this lipid downstream of class I and II PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady D Goulden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan Pacheco
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Allyson Dull
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James P Zewe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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192
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Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of a pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. The facultative intracellular bacterium employs the Icm/Dot type IV secretion system (T4SS) and a plethora of translocated "effector" proteins to interfere with host vesicle trafficking pathways and establish a replicative niche, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Internalization of the pathogen and the events immediately ensuing are accompanied by host cell-mediated phosphoinositide (PI) lipid changes and the Icm/Dot-controlled conversion of the LCV from a PtdIns(3)P-positive vacuole into a PtdIns(4)P-positive replication-permissive compartment, which tightly associates with the endoplasmic reticulum. The source and formation of PtdIns(4)P are ill-defined. Using dually labeled Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and real-time high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we show here that nascent LCVs continuously capture and accumulate PtdIns(4)P-positive vesicles from the host cell. Trafficking of these PtdIns(4)P-positive vesicles to LCVs occurs independently of the Icm/Dot system, but their sustained association requires a functional T4SS. During the infection, PtdIns(3)P-positive membranes become compacted and segregated from the LCV, and PtdIns(3)P-positive vesicles traffic to the LCV but do not fuse. Moreover, using eukaryotic and prokaryotic PtdIns(4)P probes (2×PHFAPP-green fluorescent protein [2×PHFAPP-GFP] and P4CSidC-GFP, respectively) along with Arf1-GFP, we show that PtdIns(4)P-rich membranes of the trans-Golgi network associate with the LCV. Intriguingly, the interaction dynamics of 2×PHFAPP-GFP and P4CSidC-GFP are spatially separable and reveal the specific PtdIns(4)P pool from which the LCV PI originates. These findings provide high-resolution real-time insights into how L. pneumophila exploits the cellular dynamics of membrane-bound PtdIns(4)P for LCV formation.IMPORTANCE The environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila causes a life-threatening pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. The bacteria grow intracellularly in free-living amoebae as well as in respiratory tract macrophages. To this end, L. pneumophila forms a distinct membrane-bound compartment called the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Phosphoinositide (PI) lipids are crucial regulators of the identity and dynamics of host cell organelles. The PI lipid PtdIns(4)P is a hallmark of the host cell secretory pathway, and decoration of LCVs with this PI is required for pathogen vacuole maturation. The source, dynamics, and mode of accumulation of PtdIns(4)P on LCVs are largely unknown. Using Dictyostelium amoebae producing different fluorescent probes as host cells, we show here that LCVs rapidly acquire PtdIns(4)P through the continuous interaction with PtdIns(4)P-positive host vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus. Thus, the PI lipid pattern of the secretory pathway contributes to the formation of the replication-permissive pathogen compartment.
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193
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Kurokawa Y, Yoshida A, Fujii E, Tomioku K, Hayashi H, Tanabe K, Fujita A. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate on Rab7-positive autophagosomes revealed by the freeze-fracture replica labeling. Traffic 2018; 20:82-95. [PMID: 30426618 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phophate (PtdIns(4)P) is an essential signaling molecule in the Golgi body, endosomal system, and plasma membrane and functions in the regulation of membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, lipid metabolism and signal transduction pathways, all mediated by direct interaction with PtdIns(4)P-binding proteins. PtdIns(4)P was recently reported to have functional roles in autophagosome biogenesis. LC3 and GABARAP subfamilies and a small GTP-binding protein, Rab7, are localized on autophagosomal membranes and participate at each stage of autophagosome formation and maturation. To better understand autophagosome biogenesis, it is essential to determine the localization of PtdIns(4)P and to examine its relationship with LC3 and GABARAP subfamilies and Rab7. To analyze PtdIns(4)P distribution, we used an electron microscopy technique that labels PtdIns(4)P on the freeze-fracture replica of intracellular biological membranes, which minimizes the possibility of artificial perturbation because molecules in the membrane are physically immobilized in situ. Using this technique, we found that PtdIns(4)P is localized on the cytoplasmic, but not the luminal (exoplasmic), leaflet of the inner and outer membranes of autophagosomes. Double labeling revealed that PtdIns(4)P mostly colocalizes with Rab7, but not with LC3B, GABARAP, GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2. Rab7 plays essential roles in autophagosome maturation and in autophagosome-lysosome fusion events. We suggest that PtdIns(4)P is localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the autophagosome at later stages, which may illuminate the importance of PtdIns(4)P at the later stages of autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akane Yoshida
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Fujii
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kanna Tomioku
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanabe
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akikazu Fujita
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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194
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Grabon A, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The interface between phosphatidylinositol transfer protein function and phosphoinositide signaling in higher eukaryotes. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:242-268. [PMID: 30504233 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r089730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are key regulators of a large number of diverse cellular processes that include membrane trafficking, plasma membrane receptor signaling, cell proliferation, and transcription. How a small number of chemically distinct phosphoinositide signals are functionally amplified to exert specific control over such a diverse set of biological outcomes remains incompletely understood. To this end, a novel mechanism is now taking shape, and it involves phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) transfer proteins (PITPs). The concept that PITPs exert instructive regulation of PtdIns 4-OH kinase activities and thereby channel phosphoinositide production to specific biological outcomes, identifies PITPs as central factors in the diversification of phosphoinositide signaling. There are two evolutionarily distinct families of PITPs: the Sec14-like and the StAR-related lipid transfer domain (START)-like families. Of these two families, the START-like PITPs are the least understood. Herein, we review recent insights into the biochemical, cellular, and physiological function of both PITP families with greater emphasis on the START-like PITPs, and we discuss the underlying mechanisms through which these proteins regulate phosphoinositide signaling and how these actions translate to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby Grabon
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Mark I McDermott
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
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195
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Bumpus TW, Baskin JM. Greasing the Wheels of Lipid Biology with Chemical Tools. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:970-983. [PMID: 30472989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological lipids are a structurally diverse and historically vexing group of hydrophobic metabolites. Here, we review recent advances in chemical imaging techniques that reveal changes in lipid biosynthesis, metabolism, dynamics, and interactions. We highlight tools for tagging many lipid classes via metabolic incorporation of bioorthogonally functionalized precursors, detectable via click chemistry, and photocaged, photoswitchable, and photocrosslinkable variants of different lipids. Certain lipid probes can supplant traditional protein-based markers of organelle membranes in super-resolution microscopy, and emerging vibrational imaging methods, such as stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS), enable simultaneous imaging of more than a dozen different types of target molecule, including lipids. Collectively, these chemical imaging techniques will illuminate, in living color, previously hidden aspects of lipid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Bumpus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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196
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Kasper L, König A, Koenig PA, Gresnigt MS, Westman J, Drummond RA, Lionakis MS, Groß O, Ruland J, Naglik JR, Hube B. The fungal peptide toxin Candidalysin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and causes cytolysis in mononuclear phagocytes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4260. [PMID: 30323213 PMCID: PMC6189146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clearance of invading microbes requires phagocytes of the innate immune system. However, successful pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade immune killing. The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages, but causes inflammasome activation, host cytolysis, and escapes after hypha formation. Previous studies suggest that macrophage lysis by C. albicans results from early inflammasome-dependent cell death (pyroptosis), late damage due to glucose depletion and membrane piercing by growing hyphae. Here we show that Candidalysin, a cytolytic peptide toxin encoded by the hypha-associated gene ECE1, is both a central trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation via potassium efflux and a key driver of inflammasome-independent cytolysis of macrophages and dendritic cells upon infection with C. albicans. This suggests that Candidalysin-induced cell damage is a third mechanism of C. albicans-mediated mononuclear phagocyte cell death in addition to damage caused by pyroptosis and the growth of glucose-consuming hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kasper
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Annika König
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Paul-Albert Koenig
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Johannes Westman
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1×8, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Drummond
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 10 / Rm 11C102, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 10 / Rm 11C102, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, München, 81675, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, München, 81675, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany. .,Friedrich Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, Jena, 07743, Germany.
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197
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de Rubio RG, Ransom RF, Malik S, Yule DI, Anantharam A, Smrcka AV. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate is a major source of GPCR-stimulated phosphoinositide production. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/547/eaan1210. [PMID: 30206135 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes hydrolyze the plasma membrane (PM) lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) to generate the second messengers inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in response to receptor activation in almost all mammalian cells. We previously found that stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cardiac cells leads to the PLC-dependent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the Golgi, a process required for the activation of nuclear protein kinase D (PKD) during cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that GPCR-stimulated PLC activation leading to direct PI4P hydrolysis may be a general mechanism for DAG production. We measured GPCR activation-dependent changes in PM and Golgi PI4P pools in various cells using GFP-based detection of PI4P. Stimulation with various agonists caused a time-dependent reduction in PI4P-associated, but not PI4,5P2-associated, fluorescence at the Golgi and PM. Targeted depletion of PI4,5P2 from the PM before GPCR stimulation had no effect on the depletion of PM or Golgi PI4P, total inositol phosphate (IP) production, or PKD activation. In contrast, acute depletion of PI4P specifically at the PM completely blocked the GPCR-dependent production of IPs and activation of PKD but did not change the abundance of PI4,5P2 Acute depletion of Golgi PI4P had no effect on these processes. These data suggest that most of the PM PI4,5P2 pool is not involved in GPCR-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and that PI4P at the PM is responsible for the bulk of receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and DAG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gil de Rubio
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Richard F Ransom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sundeep Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Arun Anantharam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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198
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Gawden-Bone CM, Frazer GL, Richard AC, Ma CY, Strege K, Griffiths GM. PIP5 Kinases Regulate Membrane Phosphoinositide and Actin Composition for Targeted Granule Secretion by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes. Immunity 2018; 49:427-437.e4. [PMID: 30217409 PMCID: PMC6162341 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
How cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) sense T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in order to specialize an area of plasma membrane for granule secretion is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that immune synapse formation led to rapid localized changes in the phosphoinositide composition of the plasma membrane, both reducing phosphoinositide-4-phosphate (PI(4)P), PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3 and increasing diacylglycerol (DAG) and PI(3,4)P2 within the first 2 min of synapse formation. These changes reduced negative charge across the synapse, triggering the release of electrostatically bound PIP5 kinases that are required to replenish PI(4,5)P2. As PI(4,5)P2 decreased, actin was depleted from the membrane, allowing secretion. Forced localization of PIP5Kβ across the synapse prevented actin depletion, blocking both centrosome docking and secretion. Thus, PIP5Ks act as molecular sensors of TCR activation, controlling actin recruitment across the synapse, ensuring exquisite co-ordination between TCR signaling and CTL secretion. Immune synapse formation triggers rapid changes in the membrane composition and charge PIP5K is a molecular sensor of TCR activation and is rapidly depleted at the synapse PIP5K distribution controls actin recruitment across the immune synapse Membrane specialization controls accessibility for centrosome docking and secretion
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Gawden-Bone
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gordon L Frazer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Arianne C Richard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Claire Y Ma
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Katharina Strege
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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199
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Leitner MG, Thallmair V, Wilke BU, Neubert V, Kronimus Y, Halaszovich CR, Oliver D. The N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin 1 is a sensitive reporter of physiological PI(4,5)P 2 dynamics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:433-442. [PMID: 30670192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ)-induced depletion of phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) transduces a plethora of signals into cellular responses. Importance and diversity of PI(4,5)P2-dependent processes led to strong need for biosensors of physiological PI(4,5)P2 dynamics applicable in live-cell experiments. Membrane PI(4,5)P2 can be monitored with fluorescently-labelled phosphoinositide (PI) binding domains that associate to the membrane depending on PI(4,5)P2 levels. The pleckstrin homology domain of PLCδ1 (PLCδ1-PH) and the C-terminus of tubby protein (tubbyCT) are two such sensors widely used to study PI(4,5)P2 signaling. However, certain limitations apply to both: PLCδ1-PH binds cytoplasmic inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) produced from PI(4,5)P2 through PLCβ, and tubbyCT responses do not faithfully report on PLCβ-dependent PI(4,5)P2 dynamics. In searching for an improved biosensor, we fused N-terminal homology domain of Epsin1 (ENTH) to GFP and examined use of this construct as genetically-encoded biosensor for PI(4,5)P2 dynamics in living cells. We utilized recombinant tools to manipulate PI or Gq protein-coupled receptors (GqPCR) to stimulate PLCβ signaling and characterized PI binding properties of ENTH-GFP with total internal reflection (TIRF) and confocal microscopy. ENTH-GFP specifically recognized membrane PI(4,5)P2 without interacting with IP3, as demonstrated by dialysis of cells with the messenger through a patch pipette. Utilizing Ci-VSP to titrate PI(4,5)P2 levels, we found that ENTH-GFP had low PI(4,5)P2 affinity. Accordingly, ENTH-GFP was highly sensitive to PLCβ-dependent PI(4,5)P2 depletion, and in contrast to PLCδ1-PH, overexpression of ENTH-GFP did not attenuate GqPCR signaling. Taken together, ENTH-GFP detects minute changes of PI(4,5)P2 levels and provides an important complementation of experimentally useful reporters of PI(4,5)P2 dynamics in physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Leitner
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Veronika Thallmair
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bettina U Wilke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Neubert
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yannick Kronimus
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian R Halaszovich
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Oliver
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Germany
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200
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Balakrishnan SS, Basu U, Shinde D, Thakur R, Jaiswal M, Raghu P. Regulation of PI4P levels by PI4KIIIα during G-protein-coupled PLC signaling in Drosophila photoreceptors. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217257. [PMID: 29980590 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of phospholipase C (PLC) is a conserved mechanism of receptor-activated cell signaling at the plasma membrane. PLC hydrolyzes the minor membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and continued signaling requires the resynthesis and availability of PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane. PI(4,5)P2 is synthesized by the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). Thus, a continuous supply of PI4P is essential to support ongoing PLC signaling. While the enzyme PI4KA has been identified as performing this function in cultured mammalian cells, its function in the context of an in vivo physiological model has not been established. In this study, we show that, in Drosophila photoreceptors, PI4KIIIα activity is required to support signaling during G-protein-coupled PLC activation. Depletion of PI4KIIIα results in impaired electrical responses to light, and reduced plasma membrane levels of PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 Depletion of the conserved proteins Efr3 and TTC7 [also known as StmA and L(2)k14710, respectively, in flies], which assemble PI4KIIIα at the plasma membrane, also results in an impaired light response and reduced plasma membrane PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 levels. Thus, PI4KIIIα activity at the plasma membrane generates PI4P and supports PI(4,5)P2 levels during receptor activated PLC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi S Balakrishnan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Urbashi Basu
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Dhananjay Shinde
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Rajan Thakur
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Manish Jaiswal
- TIFR Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Padinjat Raghu
- National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
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