151
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Zheng X, Liu J, Gong X, Zhang X, Ma S. Circ_0002984 Enhances Growth, Invasion, and Migration in PDGF-bb-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Through miR-379-5p/FRS2 Axis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:875-884. [PMID: 34882114 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is considered to play important roles in atherosclerosis (AS) development and progression. Circ_0002984 was found to be increased in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) human VSMCs (HVSMCs). However, the function and mechanism of circ_0002984 in VSMC dysfunction remain unknown. In this study, the expression of circ_0002984, microRNA (miR)-379-5p, and fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. The binding interaction between miR-379-5p and circ_0002984 or FRS2 was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Collectively, this study found that circ_0002984 was elevated in platelet-derived growth factor type bb (PDGF-bb)-induced HVSMCs. Circ_0002984 knockdown abrogated PDGF-bb-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion in HVSMCs. Mechanistically, circ_0002984 was confirmed to target miR-379-5p, and miR-379-5p upregulation reversed the protective effects of circ_0002984 knockdown on PDGF-bb-induced HVSMCs. Besides, when FRS2 was a target of miR-379-5p, miR-379-5p restoration abolished PDGF-bb-evoked HVSMC dysfunction, which was attenuated by the overexpression of FRS2. Moreover, circ_0002984 could regulate FRS2 expression through sponging miR-379-5p in HVSMCs. Collectively, these results demonstrated that circ_0002984 promoted PDGF-bb-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and invasion through the regulation of miR-379-5p/FRS2 axis, suggesting a new insight into the pathogenesis of AS and the potential application of circ_0002984 in AS treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangni Zheng
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Qingyang People's Hospital of Qingyang City, Qingyang, Gansu, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuepeng Gong
- Imaging Department, PLA Air Force 986 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Hemodialysis, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China ; and
| | - Shengting Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, The Fouth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
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152
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Lin Y, Huang H, Yu Y, Zhu F, Xiao W, Yang Z, Shao L, Shen Z. Long non-coding RNA RP11-465L10.10 promotes vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype switching and MMP9 expression via the NF-κB pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1776. [PMID: 35071470 PMCID: PMC8756256 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-6402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAA/D) are complicated vascular disorders with rapid development and high mortality. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype switching plays an important role in the pathological process of TAA/D. Previous studies have indicated a potential correlation between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-465L10.10 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) involved in the development of TAA/D. This study aims to investigate the role of lncRNA RP11-465L10.10 in VSMCs phenotype switching and the molecular mechanism in regulating MMP9 expression. Methods The expression of RP11-465L10.10 in vascular tissues and in VMSCs was detected by RT-qPCR. To investigate the role of RP11-465L10.10 on VSMCs phenotype switching, an RP11-465L10.10-overexpressed lentiviral vector was constructed and transfected into VSMCs. Through EdU staining, migration assay, flow cytometry analysis, the roles of RP11-465L10.10 were estimated. Bioinformatics indicated that RP11-465L10.10 upregulating MMP9 expression via NF-κB signaling, and SN50 (a specific inhibitor of NF-κB pathway) was used to inhibit the NF-κB pathway activation, then the expression of MMP9 was detected in RP11-465L10.10 overexpressed VMSCs. Results In this study, we found RP11-465L10.10 and MMP9 were highly increased in TAD patient tissues, which was consistent in angiotensin II-induced VSMCs phenotype switching. RP11-465L10.10 overexpression facilitated VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression. Mechanismly, NF-κB signal pathway was involved in RP11-465L10.10 induced VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression by transcriptome data analysis and experimental confirm. Conclusion This study demonstrated that RP11-465L10.10 induces VSMCs phenotype switching and MMP9 expression via the NF-κB signal pathway, suggesting that RP11-465L10.10 might be a potential therapeutic target for TAA/D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - You Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weizhang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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153
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Abstract
Several studies have investigated the pathogenesis of aortic wall abnormalities such as aortic dissection or aneurysm; however, the comprehensive pathological in situ event involved in the development of the disease is not understood well. The vasa vasorum form a network of capillaries or venules around the adventitia and outer media, which play an important role in the aortic wall structure and function. Impairment of their function may induce tissue hypoxia, impede the transfer of cellular nutrients, and cause aortic medial degeneration, which is considered the major predisposing factor to this aortic wall pathology. This review updates our understanding of the pathological changes in the aortic media and vasa vasorum of patients with aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Osada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Minatoya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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154
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Song BW, Lee CY, Park JH, Kim B, Lee S, Lim S, Kim SW, Choi JW, Kang M, Kang JH, Lee SS, Park MJ, Moon H, Hwang KC, Kim IK. Cold-pressed oil from Citrus aurantifolia inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of PI3K/MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:21. [PMID: 34815773 PMCID: PMC8593924 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular occlusive disease is a chronic disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Although a variety of therapies and medications have been developed, the likelihood of disease re-emergence is high and this can be life-threatening. Based on a previous screening experiment related to vascular obstructive diseases using 34 types of essential oils, cold-pressed oil (CpO) from Citrus aurantifolia (lime) has been demonstrated to have the best effect for the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lime CpO on the pathological changes of VSMCs. To determine this, the effect of lime CpO on VSMC proliferation, a major cause of vascular disease, was investigated. To determine the safe concentration interval for toxicity of CpO during VSMC culture, a dilution of 1x10-5 was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, which was confirmed to be non-toxic using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. To examine the effect of lime CpO in cellular signaling pathways, changes in phosphorylation of both the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and extracellular signal-regulated MEK/ERK signaling pathways with serum were investigated. Furthermore, lime CpO with FBS also significantly decreased the expression levels of the cell cycle regulators cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Additionally, lime CpO with FBS significantly inhibited the sprouting of VSMCs in an ex vivo culture system. These results suggested that lime CpO inhibited the abnormal proliferation of VSMCs and can be developed as a nature-based therapeutic agent for obstructive vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Research Center of Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Park
- Medical Science Research Institute, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Choi
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Kang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Kang
- IMMUNISBIO Co., Ltd., International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Lee
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Park
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Moon
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25601, Republic of Korea.,Cell Therapy Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
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155
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Guo Y, Tang Z, Yan B, Yin H, Tai S, Peng J, Cui Y, Gui Y, Belke D, Zhou S, Zheng XL. PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) Triggers Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence and Apoptosis: Implication of Its Direct Role in Degenerative Vascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 42:67-86. [PMID: 34809446 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism via the PCSK9-LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) axis in the liver; however, evidence indicates that PCSK9 directly contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases through mechanisms independent of its LDL-cholesterol regulation. The objective of this study was to determine how PCSK9 directly acts on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), contributing to degenerative vascular disease. Approach and Results: We first examined the effects of PCSK9 on cultured human aortic SMCs. Overexpression of PCSK9 downregulated the expression of ApoER2 (apolipoprotein E receptor 2), a known target of PCSK9. Treatment with soluble recombinant human ApoER2 or the DNA synthesis inhibitor, hydroxyurea, inhibited PCSK9-induced polyploidization and other cellular responses of human SMCs. Treatment with antibodies against ApoER2 resulted in similar effects to those observed with PCSK9 overexpression. Inducible, SMC-specific knockout of Pcsk9 accelerated neointima formation in mouse carotid arteries and reduced age-related arterial stiffness. PCSK9 was expressed in SMCs of human atherosclerotic lesions and abundant in the "shoulder" regions of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. PCSK9 was also expressed in SMCs of abdominal aortic aneurysm, which was inversely related to the expression of smooth muscle α-actin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that PCSK9 inhibits proliferation and induces polyploidization, senescence, and apoptosis, which may be relevant to various degenerative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guo
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology (Y. Guo, Z.T., B.Y., H.Y., Y. Gui, X.-L. Zheng).,Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China (Y. Guo, S.T., S.Z.)
| | - Zhihan Tang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology (Y. Guo, Z.T., B.Y., H.Y., Y. Gui, X.-L. Zheng).,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan (Z.T., B.Y., J.P., Y.C.)
| | - Binjie Yan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology (Y. Guo, Z.T., B.Y., H.Y., Y. Gui, X.-L. Zheng).,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan (Z.T., B.Y., J.P., Y.C.)
| | - Hao Yin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology (Y. Guo, Z.T., B.Y., H.Y., Y. Gui, X.-L. Zheng).,Now with Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada (H.Y.)
| | - Shi Tai
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China (Y. Guo, S.T., S.Z.)
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan (Z.T., B.Y., J.P., Y.C.)
| | - Yuting Cui
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology (Y. Guo, Z.T., B.Y., H.Y., Y. Gui, X.-L. Zheng).,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan (Z.T., B.Y., J.P., Y.C.)
| | - Yu Gui
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology (Y. Guo, Z.T., B.Y., H.Y., Y. Gui, X.-L. Zheng)
| | - Darrell Belke
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology (Y. Guo, Z.T., B.Y., H.Y., Y. Gui, X.-L. Zheng)
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China (Y. Guo, S.T., S.Z.)
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology and Pharmacology (Y. Guo, Z.T., B.Y., H.Y., Y. Gui, X.-L. Zheng)
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156
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Rubina KA, Semina EV, Kalinina NI, Sysoeva VY, Balatskiy AV, Tkachuk VA. Revisiting the multiple roles of T-cadherin in health and disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151183. [PMID: 34798557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As a non-canonical member of cadherin superfamily, T-cadherin was initially described as a molecule involved in homophilic recognition in the nervous and vascular systems. The ensuing decades clearly demonstrated that T-cadherin is a remarkably multifunctional molecule. It was validated as a bona fide receptor for both: LDL exerting adverse atherogenic action and adiponectin mediating many protective metabolic and cardiovascular effects. Motivated by the latest progress and accumulated data unmasking important roles of T-cadherin in blood vessel function and tissue regeneration, here we revisit the original function of T-cadherin as a guidance receptor for the growing axons and blood vessels, consider the recent data on T-cadherin-induced exosomes' biogenesis and their role in myocardial regeneration and revascularization. The review expands upon T-cadherin contribution to mesenchymal stem/stromal cell compartment in adipose tissue. We also dwell upon T-cadherin polymorphisms (SNP) and their possible therapeutic applications. Furthermore, we scrutinize the molecular hub of insulin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) conveying signals to their downstream targets in quest for defining a putative place of T-cadherin in this molecular circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia.
| | - E V Semina
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Cardiology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - N I Kalinina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Sysoeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Balatskiy
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Tkachuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Cardiology Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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157
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Hartmann F, Gorski DJ, Newman AAC, Homann S, Petz A, Owsiany KM, Serbulea V, Zhou YQ, Deaton RA, Bendeck M, Owens GK, Fischer JW. SMC-Derived Hyaluronan Modulates Vascular SMC Phenotype in Murine Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2021; 129:992-1005. [PMID: 34615369 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., D.J.G., S.H., A.P., J.W.F.)
| | - Daniel J Gorski
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., D.J.G., S.H., A.P., J.W.F.)
| | - Alexandra A C Newman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.A.C.N., K.M.O., V.S., R.A.D., G.K.O), University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.C.N., K.M.O.), University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Cardiovascular Research Center in the Department of Medicine, New York University (A.A.C.N.)
| | - Susanne Homann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., D.J.G., S.H., A.P., J.W.F.)
| | - Anne Petz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., D.J.G., S.H., A.P., J.W.F.)
| | - Katherine M Owsiany
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.A.C.N., K.M.O., V.S., R.A.D., G.K.O), University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (A.A.C.N., K.M.O.), University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.A.C.N., K.M.O., V.S., R.A.D., G.K.O), University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Y.Q.-Z., M.B.)
| | - Rebecca A Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.A.C.N., K.M.O., V.S., R.A.D., G.K.O), University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Michelle Bendeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Y.Q.-Z., M.B.)
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.A.C.N., K.M.O., V.S., R.A.D., G.K.O), University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (F.H., D.J.G., S.H., A.P., J.W.F.)
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158
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Animal Models of Neointimal Hyperplasia and Restenosis: Species-Specific Differences and Implications for Translational Research. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:900-917. [PMID: 34869956 PMCID: PMC8617545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is the major factor contributing to restenosis after angioplasty procedures. Multiple animal models exist to study basic and translational aspects of restenosis formation. Animal models differ substantially, and species-specific differences have major impact on the pathophysiology of the model. Genetic, dietary, and mechanical interventions determine the translational potential of the animal model used and have to be considered when choosing the model.
The process of restenosis is based on the interplay of various mechanical and biological processes triggered by angioplasty-induced vascular trauma. Early arterial recoil, negative vascular remodeling, and neointimal formation therefore limit the long-term patency of interventional recanalization procedures. The most serious of these processes is neointimal hyperplasia, which can be traced back to 4 main mechanisms: endothelial damage and activation; monocyte accumulation in the subintimal space; fibroblast migration; and the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. A wide variety of animal models exists to investigate the underlying pathophysiology. Although mouse models, with their ease of genetic manipulation, enable cell- and molecular-focused fundamental research, and rats provide the opportunity to use stent and balloon models with high throughput, both rodents lack a lipid metabolism comparable to humans. Rabbits instead build a bridge to close the gap between basic and clinical research due to their human-like lipid metabolism, as well as their size being accessible for clinical angioplasty procedures. Every different combination of animal, dietary, and injury model has various advantages and disadvantages, and the decision for a proper model requires awareness of species-specific biological properties reaching from vessel morphology to distinct cellular and molecular features.
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Key Words
- Apo, apolipoprotein
- CETP, cholesteryl ester transferase protein
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLr, LDL receptor
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- angioplasty
- animal model
- neointimal hyperplasia
- restenosis
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159
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Jeong K, Murphy JM, Kim JH, Campbell PM, Park H, Rodriguez Y, Choi C, Kim JS, Park S, Kim HJ, Scammell JG, Weber DS, Honkanen RE, Schlaepfer DD, Ahn EYE, Lim STS. FAK Activation Promotes SMC Dedifferentiation via Increased DNA Methylation in Contractile Genes. Circ Res 2021; 129:e215-e233. [PMID: 34702049 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit remarkable plasticity and can undergo dedifferentiation upon pathological stimuli associated with disease and interventions. Objective: Although epigenetic changes are critical in SMC phenotype switching, a fundamental regulator that governs the epigenetic machineries regulating the fate of SMC phenotype has not been elucidated. Methods and Results: Using SMCs, mouse models, and human atherosclerosis specimens, we found that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation elicits SMC dedifferentiation by stabilizing DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A). FAK in SMCs is activated in the cytoplasm upon serum stimulation in vitro or vessel injury and active FAK prevents DNMT3A from nuclear FAK-mediated degradation. However, pharmacological or genetic FAK catalytic inhibition forced FAK nuclear localization, which reduced DNMT3A protein via enhanced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Reduced DNMT3A protein led to DNA hypomethylation in contractile gene promoters, which increased SMC contractile protein expression. RNA sequencing identified SMC contractile genes as a foremost upregulated group by FAK inhibition from injured femoral artery samples compared to vehicle group. DNMT3A knockdown in injured arteries reduced DNA methylation and enhanced contractile gene expression supports the notion that nuclear FAK-mediated DNMT3A degradation via E3 ligase TRAF6 drives differentiation of SMCs. Furthermore, we observed that SMCs of human atherosclerotic lesions exhibited decreased nuclear FAK, which was associated with increased DNMT3A levels and decreased contractile gene expression. Conclusions: This study reveals that nuclear FAK induced by FAK catalytic inhibition specifically suppresses DNMT3A expression in injured vessels resulting in maintaining SMC differentiation by promoting the contractile gene expression. Thus, FAK inhibitors may provide a new treatment option to block SMC phenotypic switching during vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Jeong
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - James M Murphy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Hyeonsoo Park
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yelitza Rodriguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Chungsik Choi
- Physiology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Jun-Sub Kim
- Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sangwon Park
- Pharmacology, Gyeongsang National University, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University
| | - Jonathan G Scammell
- Comparative Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - David S Weber
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Biochemistry and Molecualr Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, UNITED STATES
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160
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Mohabeer AL, Kroetsch JT, McFadden M, Khosraviani N, Broekelmann TJ, Hou G, Zhang H, Zhou YQ, Wang M, Gramolini AO, Mecham RP, Heximer SP, Bolz SS, Bendeck MP. Deletion of type VIII collagen reduces blood pressure, increases carotid artery functional distensibility and promotes elastin deposition. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100085. [PMID: 34693248 PMCID: PMC8517381 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffening is a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease development and mortality. In elastic arteries, stiffening refers to the loss and fragmentation of elastic fibers, with a progressive increase in collagen fibers. Type VIII collagen (Col-8) is highly expressed developmentally, and then once again dramatically upregulated in aged and diseased vessels characterized by arterial stiffening. Yet its biophysical impact on the vessel wall remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that Col-8 functions as a matrix scaffold to maintain vessel integrity during extracellular matrix (ECM) development. These changes are predicted to persist into the adult vasculature, and we have tested this in our investigation. Through our in vivo and in vitro studies, we have determined a novel interaction between Col-8 and elastin. Mice deficient in Col-8 (Col8-/-) had reduced baseline blood pressure and increased arterial compliance, indicating an enhanced Windkessel effect in conducting arteries. Differences in both the ECM composition and VSMC activity resulted in Col8-/- carotid arteries that displayed increased crosslinked elastin and functional distensibility, but enhanced catecholamine-induced VSMC contractility. In vitro studies revealed that the absence of Col-8 dramatically increased tropoelastin mRNA and elastic fiber deposition in the ECM, which was decreased with exogenous Col-8 treatment. These findings suggest a causative role for Col-8 in reducing mRNA levels of tropoelastin and the presence of elastic fibers in the matrix. Moreover, we also found that Col-8 and elastin have opposing effects on VSMC phenotype, the former promoting a synthetic phenotype, whereas the latter confers quiescence. These studies further our understanding of Col-8 function and open a promising new area of investigation related to elastin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Mohabeer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Kroetsch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan McFadden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negin Khosraviani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guangpei Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minyao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony O. Gramolini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott P. Heximer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle P. Bendeck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author at: TBEP, University of Toronto, 661 University Ave, Rm. 1432, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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161
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Samara VA, Das S, Reddy MA, Tanwar VS, Stapleton K, Leung A, Abdollahi M, Ganguly R, Lanting L, Natarajan R. Angiotensin II-Induced Long Non-Coding RNA Alivec Regulates Chondrogenesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2696. [PMID: 34685676 PMCID: PMC8535098 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in Angiotensin II (AngII) signaling but their role in chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. We describe a novel AngII-induced lncRNA Alivec (Angiotensin II-induced lncRNA in VSMCs eliciting chondrogenic phenotype) implicated in VSMC chondrogenesis. In rat VSMCs, Alivec and the nearby gene Acan, a chondrogenic marker, were induced by growth factors AngII and PDGF and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. AngII co-regulated Alivec and Acan through the activation of AngII type1 receptor signaling and Sox9, a master transcriptional regulator of chondrogenesis. Alivec knockdown with GapmeR antisense-oligonucleotides attenuated the expression of AngII-induced chondrogenic marker genes, including Acan, and inhibited the chondrogenic phenotype of VSMCs. Conversely, Alivec overexpression upregulated these genes and promoted chondrogenic transformation. RNA-pulldown coupled to mass-spectrometry identified Tropomyosin-3-alpha and hnRNPA2B1 proteins as Alivec-binding proteins in VSMCs. Furthermore, male rats with AngII-driven hypertension showed increased aortic expression of Alivec and Acan. A putative human ortholog ALIVEC, was induced by AngII in human VSMCs, and this locus was found to harbor the quantitative trait loci affecting blood pressure. Together, these findings suggest that AngII-regulated lncRNA Alivec functions, at least in part, to mediate the AngII-induced chondrogenic transformation of VSMCs implicated in vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Aggrecans/genetics
- Aggrecans/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/genetics
- Chondrogenesis/drug effects
- Chondrogenesis/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Phenotype
- Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- SOX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Tropomyosin/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Amaram Samara
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Marpadga A. Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Kenneth Stapleton
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (V.A.S.); (S.D.); (M.A.R.); (V.S.T.); (K.S.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (R.G.); (L.L.)
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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162
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Nguyen DDN, Zain SM, Kamarulzaman MH, Low TY, Chilian WM, Pan Y, Ting KN, Hamid A, Abdul Kadir A, Pung YF. Intracellular and exosomal microRNAome profiling of human vascular smooth muscle cells during replicative senescence. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H770-H783. [PMID: 34506226 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging is highly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although the senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been well established as a major contributor to vascular aging, intracellular and exosomal microRNA (miRNA) signaling pathways in senescent VSMCs have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to identify the differential expression of intracellular and exosomal miRNA in human VSMCs (hVSMCs) during replicative senescence. To achieve this aim, intracellular and exosomal miRNAs were isolated from hVSMCs and subsequently subjected to whole genome small RNA next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics analyses, and qPCR validation. Three significant findings were obtained. First, senescent hVSMC-derived exosomes tended to cluster together during replicative senescence and the molecular weight of the exosomal protein tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG-101) increased relative to the intracellular TSG-101, suggesting potential posttranslational modifications of exosomal TSG-101. Second, there was a significant decrease in both intracellular and exosomal hsa-miR-155-5p expression [n = 3, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05], potentially being a cell type-specific biomarker of hVSMCs during replicative senescence. Importantly, hsa-miR-155-5p was found to associate with cell-cycle arrest and elevated oxidative stress. Lastly, miRNAs from the intracellular pool, that is, hsa-miR-664a-3p, hsa-miR-664a-5p, hsa-miR-664b-3p, hsa-miR-4485-3p, hsa-miR-10527-5p, and hsa-miR-12136, and that from the exosomal pool, that is, hsa-miR-7704, were upregulated in hVSMCs during replicative senescence (n = 3, FDR < 0.05). Interestingly, these novel upregulated miRNAs were not functionally well annotated in hVSMCs to date. In conclusion, hVSMC-specific miRNA expression profiles during replicative senescence potentially provide valuable insights into the signaling pathways leading to vascular aging.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study on intracellular and exosomal miRNA profiling on human vascular smooth muscle cells during replicative senescence. Specific dysregulated sets of miRNAs were identified from human vascular smooth muscle cells. Hsa-miR-155-5p was significantly downregulated in both intracellular and exosomal hVSMCs, suggesting its crucial role in cellular senescence. Hsa-miR-155-5p might be the mediator in linking cellular senescence to vascular aging and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Duong Ngoc Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yan Pan
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang Nee Ting
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Hamid
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arifah Abdul Kadir
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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163
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Grootaert MOJ, Bennett MR. Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis: time for a re-assessment. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2326-2339. [PMID: 33576407 PMCID: PMC8479803 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key participants in both early and late-stage atherosclerosis. VSMCs invade the early atherosclerotic lesion from the media, expanding lesions, but also forming a protective fibrous cap rich in extracellular matrix to cover the 'necrotic' core. Hence, VSMCs have been viewed as plaque-stabilizing, and decreased VSMC plaque content-often measured by expression of contractile markers-associated with increased plaque vulnerability. However, the emergence of lineage-tracing and transcriptomic studies has demonstrated that VSMCs comprise a much larger proportion of atherosclerotic plaques than originally thought, demonstrate multiple different phenotypes in vivo, and have roles that might be detrimental. VSMCs down-regulate contractile markers during atherosclerosis whilst adopting alternative phenotypes, including macrophage-like, foam cell-like, osteochondrogenic-like, myofibroblast-like, and mesenchymal stem cell-like. VSMC phenotypic switching can be studied in tissue culture, but also now in the media, fibrous cap and deep-core region, and markedly affects plaque formation and markers of stability. In this review, we describe the different VSMC plaque phenotypes and their presumed cellular and paracrine functions, the regulatory mechanisms that control VSMC plasticity, and their impact on atherogenesis and plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy O J Grootaert
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrookes Hospital, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, ACCI, Addenbrookes Hospital, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
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164
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Li J, Zhou L, Ouyang X, He P. Transcription Factor-7-Like-2 (TCF7L2) in Atherosclerosis: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:701279. [PMID: 34568447 PMCID: PMC8459927 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor-7-like-2 (TCF7L2), a vital member of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family, plays an important role in normal human physiological and pathological processes. TCF7L2 exhibits multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects through the activation of specific molecular mechanisms, including regulation of metabolic homeostasis, macrophage polarization, and neointimal hyperplasia. A single-nucleotide substitution of TCF7L2, rs7903146, is a genetic high-risk factor for type 2 diabetes and indicates susceptibility to cardiovascular disease as a link between metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the anti-atherosclerosis effect and novel mechanisms underlying the function of TCF7L2 to elucidate its potential as an anti-atherosclerosis biomarker and provide a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pingping He
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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165
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Mei X, Chen SY. Circular RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107991. [PMID: 34592203 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) produce a unique class of biologically active molecules namely circular RNAs (circRNAs) with a covalently closed-loop structure via back-splicing. Because of this unconventional circular form, circRNAs exhibit much higher stability than linear RNAs due to the resistance to exonuclease degradation and thereby play exclusive cellular regulatory roles. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are widely expressed in eukaryotes and display tissue- and disease-specific expression patterns, including in the cardiovascular system. Although numerous circRNAs are discovered by in silico methods, a limited number of circRNAs have been studied. This review intends to summarize the current understanding of the characteristics, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs and delineate the practical approaches for circRNAs investigation. Moreover, we discuss the emerging roles of circRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Mei
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Departments of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
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166
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Lin JJ, Chen W, Gong M, Xu X, Du MY, Wang SF, Yang LY, Wang Y, Liu KX, Kong P, Li B, Liu K, Li YM, Dong LH, Sun SG. Expression and Functional Analysis of lncRNAs Involved in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-Induced Proliferation of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:702718. [PMID: 34557530 PMCID: PMC8452921 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.702718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a common feature of many vascular remodeling diseases. Because long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in cardiovascular diseases, we analyzed the key lncRNAs that regulate VSMC proliferation. Microarray analysis identified 2,643 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and 3,720 differentially expressed coding genes (DEGs) between fetal bovine serum (FBS) starvation-induced quiescent human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated proliferative HASMCs. Gene Ontology and pathway analyses of the identified DEGs and DELs demonstrated that many lncRNAs were enriched in pathways related to cell proliferation. One of the upregulated lncRNAs in proliferative HASMC was HIF1A anti-sense RNA 2 (HIF1A-AS2). HIF1A-AS2 suppression decreased HASMC proliferation via the miR-30e-5p/CCND2 mRNA axis. We have thus identified key DELs and DEGs involved in the regulation of PDGF-BB induced HASMC proliferation. Moreover, HIF1A-AS2 promotes HASMC proliferation, suggesting its potential involvement in VSMC proliferative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei-Yang Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Si-Fan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Yun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke-Xin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Hua Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shao-Guang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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167
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Luo L, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Hsu CG, Korshunov VA, Long X, Knight PA, Berk BC, Yan C. Role of PDE10A in vascular smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and pathological vascular remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2703-2717. [PMID: 34550322 PMCID: PMC9890476 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Intimal hyperplasia is a common feature of vascular remodelling disorders. Accumulation of synthetic smooth muscle cell (SMC)-like cells is the main underlying cause. Current therapeutic approaches including drug-eluting stents are not perfect due to the toxicity on endothelial cells and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Our preliminary screening for dysregulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in growing SMCs revealed the alteration of PDE10A expression. Herein, we investigated the function of PDE10A in SMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS RT-qPCR, immunoblot, and in situ proximity ligation assay were performed to determine PDE10A expression in synthetic SMCs and injured vessels. We found that PDE10A mRNA and/or protein levels are up-regulated in cultured SMCs upon growth stimulation, as well as in intimal cells in injured mouse femoral arteries. To determine the cellular functions of PDE10A, we focused on its role in SMC proliferation. The anti-mitogenic effects of PDE10A on SMCs were evaluated via cell counting, BrdU incorporation, and flow cytometry. We found that PDE10A deficiency or inhibition arrested the SMC cell cycle at G1-phase with a reduction of cyclin D1. The anti-mitotic effect of PDE10A inhibition was dependent on cGMP-dependent protein kinase Iα (PKGIα), involving C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) and particulate guanylate cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2). In addition, the effects of genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of PDE10A on neointimal formation were examined in a mouse model of femoral artery wire injury. Both PDE10A knockout and inhibition decreased injury-induced intimal thickening in femoral arteries by at least 50%. Moreover, PDE10A inhibition decreased ex vivo remodelling of cultured human saphenous vein segments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PDE10A contributes to SMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia at least partially via antagonizing CNP/NPR2/cGMP/PKG1α signalling and suggest that PDE10A may be a novel drug target for treating vascular occlusive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yujun Cai
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yishuai Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chia G Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Vyacheslav A Korshunov
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Department of Vascular Biology Center and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Peter A Knight
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradford C Berk
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Corresponding author. Tel: 585-276-7704, E-mail:
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168
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Loss of GATA4 C-Terminus by p.S335X Mutation Modulates Coronary Artery Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:3698386. [PMID: 34545275 PMCID: PMC8449727 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3698386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is closely related with the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). We previously reported a truncated GATA4 protein lacking C-terminus induced by p.S335X mutation in cardiomyocyte from ventricular septal defect (VSD) patients. However, it is still unclear whether GATA4 p.S335X mutation could influence the development of CAD. GATA4 wild-type (WT) and p.S335X mutant (MU) overexpression plasmids were constructed and transfected transiently into rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell (RCSMC) to observe the proliferative and migratory abilities by MTS and wound healing assay, respectively. PCR array was used to preliminarily detect the expression of phenotypic modulation-related genes, and QRT-PCR was then carried out to verify the screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results showed that, when stimulated by fetal bovine serum (10%) for 24 h or tumor necrosis factor-α (10 or 30 ng/ml) for 10 or 24 h, deletion of GATA4 C-terminus by p.S335X mutation in GATA4 enhanced the proliferation of RCSMC, without alteration of the migration capability. Twelve DEGs, including Fas, Hbegf, Itga5, Aimp1, Cxcl1, Il15, Il2rg, Il7, Tnfsf10, Il1r1, Irak1, and Tlr3, were screened and identified as phenotypic modulation-related genes. Our data might be beneficial for further exploration regarding the mechanisms of GATA4 p.S335X mutation on the phenotypic modulation of coronary VSMC.
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169
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Li M, Chen J, Liu S, Sun X, Xu H, Gao Q, Chen X, Xi C, Huang D, Deng Y, Zhang F, Gao S, Qiu S, Tao X, Zhai J, Wei H, Yao H, Chen W. Spermine-Related DNA Hypermethylation and Elevated Expression of Genes for Collagen Formation are Susceptible Factors for Chemotherapy-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome in Chinese Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746910. [PMID: 34539419 PMCID: PMC8440935 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common capecitabine-based chemotherapy-related adverse event (CRAE) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). It is of great significance to comprehensively identify susceptible factors for HFS, and further to elucidate the biomolecular mechanism of HFS susceptibility. We performed an untargeted multi-omics analysis integrating DNA methylation, transcriptome, and metabolome data of 63 Chinese CRC patients who had complete CRAE records during capecitabine-based chemotherapy. We found that the metabolome changes for each of matched plasma, urine, and normal colorectal tissue (CRT) in relation to HFS were characterized by chronic tissue damage, which was indicated by reduced nucleotide salvage, elevated spermine level, and increased production of endogenous cytotoxic metabolites. HFS-related transcriptome changes of CRT showed an overall suppressed inflammation profile but increased M2 macrophage polarization. HFS-related DNA methylation of CRT presented gene-specific hypermethylation on genes mainly for collagen formation. The hypermethylation was accumulated in the opensea and shore regions, which elicited a positive effect on gene expression. Additionally, we developed and validated models combining relevant biomarkers showing reasonably good discrimination performance with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values from 0.833 to 0.955. Our results demonstrated that the multi-omics variations associated with a profibrotic phenotype were closely related to HFS susceptibility. HFS-related biomolecular variations in CRT contributed more to the relevant biomolecular mechanism of HFS than in plasma and urine. Spermine-related DNA hypermethylation and elevated expression of genes for collagen formation were closely associated with HFS susceptibility. These findings provided new insights into the susceptible factors for chemotherapy-induced HFS, which can promote the implementation of individualized treatment against HFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqun Liu
- Department of Gastric Intestinal Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianmin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaowen Xi
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 905th Hospital of PLA Navy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Technology Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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170
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Li X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Jiang S, Meng Y, Song X, Zhao L, Zou L, Li M, Yu T. Targeting non-coding RNAs in unstable atherosclerotic plaques: Mechanism, regulation, possibilities, and limitations. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3413-3427. [PMID: 34512156 PMCID: PMC8416736 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) caused by arteriosclerosis are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the late stages of atherosclerosis, the atherosclerotic plaque gradually expands in the blood vessels, resulting in vascular stenosis. When the unstable plaque ruptures and falls off, it blocks the vessel causing vascular thrombosis, leading to strokes, myocardial infarctions, and a series of other serious diseases that endanger people's lives. Therefore, regulating plaque stability is the main means used to address the high mortality associated with CVDs. The progression of the atherosclerotic plaque is a complex integration of vascular cell apoptosis, lipid metabolism disorders, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, and neovascular infiltration. More recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a significant role in regulating the pathophysiological process of atherosclerotic plaque formation by affecting the biological functions of the vasculature and its associated cells. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review the regulatory mechanisms involved in the susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, discuss the limitations of current approaches to treat plaque instability, and highlight the potential clinical value of ncRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies to improve plaque stability and reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Li
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 5 Zhiquan Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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171
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Zhou M, Qi L, Gu Y. GRIA2/ENPP3 Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in the Restenosis Process Post-PTA in Lower Extremity Arteries. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712400. [PMID: 34504438 PMCID: PMC8423086 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is the main restriction on the long-term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) therapy for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Interventions to prevent restenosis are poor, and the exact mechanism is unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of GRIA2 in the restenosis process post-PTA in lower extremity arteries. We searched the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between atherosclerotic and restenotic artery plaques in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and five DEGs were identified. Combined with Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, GRIA2 was significantly correlated with the restenosis process. Tissue samples were used to examine GRIA2 expression by immunofluorescence staining of atherosclerotic and restenotic artery plaques. The regulation of GRIA2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was confirmed by lentiviral transfection. Overexpression of GRIA2 promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, a strong connection between ENPP3 and GRIA2 was discovered. In vitro results showed that the high expression of GRIA2 in VSMCs enhanced the expression of ENPP3, while downregulation of GRIA2 downregulated ENPP3. GRIA2 is highly differentially expressed in restenotic arterial plaques, promoting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through upregulation of ENPP3. These discoveries will help us to obtain a better understanding of restenosis in lower extremity arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Qi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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172
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Kawachi Y, Fujishima Y, Nishizawa H, Nakamura T, Akari S, Murase T, Saito T, Miyazaki Y, Nagao H, Fukuda S, Kita S, Katakami N, Doki Y, Maeda N, Shimomura I. Increased plasma XOR activity induced by NAFLD/NASH and its possible involvement in vascular neointimal proliferation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e144762. [PMID: 34494551 PMCID: PMC8492303 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively. However, the underlying mechanisms of increased plasma XOR and its pathological roles in systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, are not fully understood. In this study, we found that changes in plasma XOR activity after bariatric surgery closely associated with those in liver enzymes, but not with those in BMI. In a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH), plasma XOR activity markedly increased. Besides, purine catabolism was accelerated in the plasma per se of NASH mice and human patients with high XOR activity. In our NASH mice, we observed an increased vascular neointima formation consisting of dedifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which was significantly attenuated by topiroxostat, a selective XOR inhibitor. In vitro, human liver S9–derived XOR promoted proliferation of SMCs with phenotypic modulation and induced ROS production by catabolizing hypoxanthine released from human endothelial cells. Collectively, the results from human and mouse models suggest that increased plasma XOR activity, mainly explained by excess hepatic leakage, was involved in the pathogenesis of vascular injury, especially in NAFLD/NASH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawachi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Seigo Akari
- Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Inabe, Mie, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hirofumi Nagao
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Fukuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Adipose Management, and
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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173
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Dou X, Ma Y, Qin Y, Dong Q, Zhang S, Tian R, Pan M. NEAT1 silencing alleviates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation under hypoxia through regulation of miR‑34a‑5p/KLF4 in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:749. [PMID: 34468014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe vascular disease that adversely affects patient health and can be life threatening. The present study aimed to investigate the detailed role of nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) in PAH. Using RT‑qPCR, the expression levels of NEAT1, microRNA (miR)‑34a‑5p, and Krüppel‑like factor 4 (KLF4) were detected in both hypoxia‑treated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and serum from PAH patients. Then, the interactions among miR‑34a‑5p, NEAT1, and KLF4 were evaluated by dual‑luciferase reporter assay. The detailed role of the NEAT1/miR‑34a‑5p/KLF4 axis in PAH pathogenesis was further explored using MTT, Transwell, and western blot assays. The results revealed that NEAT1 targeted miR‑34a‑5p and miR‑34a‑5p targeted KLF4. In hypoxia‑treated PASMCs and serum from PAH patients, high NEAT1 and KLF4 expression levels and low miR‑34a‑5p expression were observed. The proliferation and migration of hypoxia‑treated PASMCs were reduced by transfection with sh‑NEAT1 or miR‑34a‑5p mimics. The suppressive effects of NEAT1 knockdown on the proliferation and migration of hypoxia‑treated PASMCs were reversed by knock down of miR‑34a‑5p expression and increased KLF4 expression. NEAT1 was not only highly expressed in the serum of PAH patients but its silencing also alleviated PAH by regulating miR‑34a‑5p/KLF4 in vitro. The present study highlighted a potential new therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dou
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Qin
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Dong
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Shouwei Zhang
- Department of Medical, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
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174
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Liu J, Yan X, Wang Z, Zhang N, Lin A, Li Z. Adipocyte factor CTRP6 inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells through PPARγ/NLRP3. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:596-605. [PMID: 34469206 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 and PPARγ play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Studies have shown that PPARγ regulates the expression of NLRP3 in vascular diseases. In addition, the adipocyte factor CTRP6 can improve the activation of PPARγ in vascular diseases. However, the regulatory relationship between CTRP6, PPARγ, and NLRP3 in AS and its underlying mechanism have not been reported. Since proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key events in AS, in this study, we induced proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of VSCMs through homocysteine (HCY) to detect the specific effects of CTRP6, PPARγ, and NLRP3. Subsequently, CTRP6 was overexpressed and the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 and agonist rosiglitazone were administered to HCY-induced VSCMs to investigate the mechanisms. The results show that the expression of CTRP6 decreased in HCY-induced VSMCs. In addition, CTRP6 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCY-induced VSMCs, as well as cell cycle acceleration and dedifferentiation. Overexpression of CTRP6 increased HCY-induced PPARγ expression and inhibited NLRP3 expression. The addition of GW9662 and rosiglitazone further demonstrated that overexpression of CTRP6 inhibited HCY-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation through PPARγ/NLRP3 signaling. In conclusion, CTRP6 inhibited HCY-induced proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation of VSMCs through PPARγ/NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiLi Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - XiaoNing Yan
- The Fourth Clinical College, Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China
| | - ZhaoLin Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China
| | - AnHua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - ZhiQiang Li
- Department of General Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
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175
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Chen MY, Ke JF, Zhang ZH, Li MF, Wang JW, Lu JX, Xu PP, Xia XT, Guo MG, Li LX. Deletion of Fam172a accelerates advanced atherosclerosis and induces plaque instability. Atherosclerosis 2021; 333:39-47. [PMID: 34425526 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a critical role in atherosclerosis. The family with sequence similarity 172, member A (FAM172A) is a novel protein and its role in atherosclerosis has not been explored so far. Therefore, our aim is to investigate whether FAM172A affects atheroprogression through VSMCs and its possible mechanism. METHODS Fam172a-/- mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Fam172a-/- and Apoe-/- double knockout (Fam172a-/-/Apoe-/-) mice and their littermates (Fam172a+/+/Apoe-/-) were fed with a Western diet for 18 weeks to induce advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The role and mechanism of Fam172a in phenotypic switching, proliferation and migration of VSMCs were investigated through in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Compared with Fam172a+/+/Apoe-/- mice, Fam172a-/-/Apoe-/- mice showed increased atherosclerotic lesion size and plaque instability such as increased necrotic core area and decreased fiber deposition. Additionally, knockout of Fam172a promoted expression of CD68 and KLF4 and decreased expression of α-SMA and SM22α in atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, overexpression of Fam172a promoted Movas cells proliferation and migration, increased expression of α-SMA and SM22α and decreased expression of KLF4. Meanwhile, knockdown of Fam172a in Movas cells and deletion of Fam172a in VSMCs from Fam172a-/-/Apoe-/- mice showed opposite phenotypes. Similar phenotypes were also observed in human aortic smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first direct evidence that Fam172a has a protective role in advanced atherosclerosis by increasing atherosclerotic plaque stability and inhibiting transition of VSMCs from contractile to synthetic phenotype, which may be through KLF4-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Ke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Fang Li
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Xi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Pei Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Xia
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ming-Gao Guo
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lian-Xi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China.
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Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Role of myeloperoxidase and oxidant formation in the extracellular environment in inflammation-induced tissue damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:633-651. [PMID: 34246778 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The heme peroxidase family generates a battery of oxidants both for synthetic purposes, and in the innate immune defence against pathogens. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most promiscuous family member, generating powerful oxidizing species including hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Whilst HOCl formation is important in pathogen removal, this species is also implicated in host tissue damage and multiple inflammatory diseases. Significant oxidant formation and damage occurs extracellularly as a result of MPO release via phagolysosomal leakage, cell lysis, extracellular trap formation, and inappropriate trafficking. MPO binds strongly to extracellular biomolecules including polyanionic glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, proteins, and DNA. This localizes MPO and subsequent damage, at least partly, to specific sites and species, including extracellular matrix (ECM) components and plasma proteins/lipoproteins. Biopolymer-bound MPO retains, or has enhanced, catalytic activity, though evidence is also available for non-catalytic effects. These interactions, particularly at cell surfaces and with the ECM/glycocalyx induce cellular dysfunction and altered gene expression. MPO binds with higher affinity to some damaged ECM components, rationalizing its accumulation at sites of inflammation. MPO-damaged biomolecules and fragments act as chemo-attractants and cell activators, and can modulate gene and protein expression in naïve cells, consistent with an increasing cycle of MPO adhesion, activity, damage, and altered cell function at sites of leukocyte infiltration and activation, with subsequent tissue damage and dysfunction. MPO levels are used clinically both diagnostically and prognostically, and there is increasing interest in strategies to prevent MPO-mediated damage; therapeutic aspects are not discussed as these have been reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark.
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Schlegel M, Sharma M, Brown EJ, Newman AAC, Cyr Y, Afonso MS, Corr EM, Koelwyn GJ, van Solingen C, Guzman J, Farhat R, Nikain CA, Shanley LC, Peled D, Schmidt AM, Fisher EA, Moore KJ. Silencing Myeloid Netrin-1 Induces Inflammation Resolution and Plaque Regression. Circ Res 2021; 129:530-546. [PMID: 34289717 PMCID: PMC8529357 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Therapeutic efforts to decrease atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk have focused largely on reducing atherogenic lipoproteins, yet lipid-lowering therapies alone are insufficient to fully regress plaque burden. We postulate that arterial repair requires resolution of a maladaptive immune response and that targeting factors that hinder inflammation resolution will facilitate plaque regression. Objective: The guidance molecule Ntn1 (netrin-1) is secreted by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, where it sustains inflammation by enhancing macrophage survival and blocking macrophage emigration. We tested whether silencing Ntn1 in advanced atherosclerosis could resolve arterial inflammation and regress plaques. Methods and Results: To temporally silence Ntn1 in myeloid cells, we generated genetically modified mice in which Ntn1 could be selectively deleted in monocytes and macrophages using a tamoxifen-induced CX3CR1-driven cre recombinase (Ntn1fl/flCx3cr1creERT2+) and littermate control mice (Ntn1fl/flCx3cr1WT). Mice were fed Western diet in the setting of hepatic PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) overexpression to render them atherosclerotic and then treated with tamoxifen to initiate deletion of myeloid Ntn1 (MøΔNtn1) or not in controls (MøWT). Morphometric analyses performed 4 weeks later showed that myeloid Ntn1 silencing reduced plaque burden in the aorta (−50%) and plaque complexity in the aortic root. Monocyte-macrophage tracing experiments revealed lower monocyte recruitment, macrophage retention, and proliferation in MøΔNtn1 compared with MøWT plaques, indicating a restructuring of monocyte-macrophage dynamics in the artery wall upon Ntn1 silencing. Single-cell RNA sequencing of aortic immune cells before and after Ntn1 silencing revealed upregulation of gene pathways involved in macrophage phagocytosis and migration, including the Ccr7 chemokine receptor signaling pathway required for macrophage emigration from plaques and atherosclerosis regression. Additionally, plaques from MøΔNtn1 mice showed hallmarks of inflammation resolution, including higher levels of proresolving macrophages, IL (interleukin)-10, and efferocytosis, as compared to plaques from MøWT mice. Conclusion: Our data show that targeting Ntn1 in advanced atherosclerosis ameliorates atherosclerotic inflammation and promotes plaque regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlegel
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Germany (M. Schlegel)
| | - Monika Sharma
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Emily J Brown
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Alexandra A C Newman
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Yannick Cyr
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Milessa Silva Afonso
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Emma M Corr
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Graeme J Koelwyn
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Coen van Solingen
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Jonathan Guzman
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Rubab Farhat
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Cyrus A Nikain
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Lianne C Shanley
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Daniel Peled
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University (A.M.S.). K.J. Moore, M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, A.M. Schmidt, and E.A. Fisher designed the study and performed data analysis and interpretation. M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, M.S. Afonso, E.J. Brown, E.M. Corr, C. van Solingen, G.J. Koelwyn, A.A.C. Newman, Y. Cyr, R. Farhat, J. Guzman, L.C. Shanley, and D. Peled conducted experiments, acquired data, and performed analyses. E.J. Brown analyzed the RNA-sequencing data. K.J. Moore and M. Schlegel wrote the article with input from all authors
| | - Edward A Fisher
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (M. Schlegel, M. Sharma, E.J.B., A.A.C.N., Y.C., M.S.A., E.M.C., G.J.K., C.v.S., J.G., R.F., C.A.N., L.C.S., D.P., E.A.F., K.J.M.)
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178
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Jing Y, Gao B, Han Z, Xia L, Xin S. The protective effect of HOXA5 on carotid atherosclerosis occurs by modulating the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111366. [PMID: 34126188 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a contractile to a synthetic form is a key player in atherogenic processes. Homeobox A5 (HOXA5), a transcription factor of the homeobox gene family, has been shown to regulate cell differentiation and morphogenesis. The present study was designed to clarify the involvement of HOXA5 in VSMC phenotypic transition in carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). Activated VSMCs in vitro and ApoE-/- mice in vivo were employed to determine HOXA5's function. Results showed that both the mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXA5 were decreased in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced VSMCs. Overexpression of HOXA5 suppressed VSMC conversion from a contractile to a synthetic type in the presence of PDGF-BB, as evidenced by increased contractile markers (calponin, α-SMA and SM22α) along with decreased synthetic markers (vimentin, PCNA and thrombospondin). PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs were recovered by HOXA5. Knockdown of HOXA5 had the opposite effect on VSMCs. In vivo, a CAS model was established using ApoE-/- mice fed with a Western-type diet and placing a perivascular carotid collar. We observed a significant reduction in HOXA5 in the carotid arteries of CAS mice. Similar to the in vitro results, HOXA5 overexpression reduced neointimal hyperplasia and plaque formation and inhibited VSMC dedifferentiation and migration. Furthermore, PPARγ was also downregulated in vitro and in vivo, and its antagonist GW9662 reversed HOXA5-mediated inhibition of VSMC dedifferentiation and migration. In summary, we suggest that HOXA5 protects against CAS progression by inhibiting VSMC dedifferentiation through activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bai Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyang Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lifang Xia
- Department of Residency Training, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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179
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Xu H, Wu Z, Jin Z, Wu X, Hu W, Liang B, Lou G, Chen Z, Yao H, Chen X, Zhou X, Xiao H, Yu C, Zhang D, Gong D, Yang L, Shi Y, Xu Y, Wang Y. Paeonol Suppresses Vasculogenesis Through Regulating Vascular Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Switching. J Endovasc Ther 2021; 29:117-131. [PMID: 34355606 DOI: 10.1177/15266028211032956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching is associated with development of a variety of occlusive vascular diseases. Paeonol has been reported to be involved in suppressing SMC proliferation. However, it is still unknown whether paeonol can regulate SMC phenotypic switching, and which eventually result in suppressing vasculogenesis. METHODS Murine left common carotid artery was injured by completely ligation, and paeonol was administrated by intraperitoneal injection. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to visualize vascular neointima formation. Rat aortic SMCs were used to determine whether paeonol suppresses cell proliferation and migration. And murine hind limb ischemia model was performed to confirm the function role of paeonol in suppressing vasculogenesis. RESULTS Complete ligation of murine common carotid artery successfully induced neointima formation. Paeonol treatment dramatically reduced the size of injury-induced neointima. Using rat aortic primary SMC, we identified that paeonol strongly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and decreased extracellular matrix deposition. And paeonol treatment dramatically suppressed vasculogenesis after hind limb ischemia injury. CONCLUSION Paeonol could regulate SMC phenotypic switching through inhibiting proliferation and migration of SMC, which results in inhibiting ischemia-induced vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqiang Wu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wangming Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Liang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanhua Lou
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixian Chen
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Yao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiongbing Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Xiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cenghao Yu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Delai Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoying Gong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaping Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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180
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hedin
- Departments of Vascular Surgery and Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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181
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Rodriguez M, Chen J, Jain PP, Babicheva A, Xiong M, Li J, Lai N, Zhao T, Hernandez M, Balistrieri A, Parmisano S, Simonson T, Breen E, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Upregulation of Calcium Homeostasis Modulators in Contractile-To-Proliferative Phenotypical Transition of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:714785. [PMID: 34408668 PMCID: PMC8364962 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.714785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and migration are implicated in the development of pathogenic pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by concentric arterial wall thickening and arteriole muscularization in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition is a process that promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [(Ca2+) cyt ] in PASMCs is a trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and a stimulus for pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here, we report that the calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM), a Ca2+ (and ATP) channel that is allosterically regulated by voltage and extracellular Ca2+, is upregulated during the PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition. Protein expression of CALHM1/2 in primary cultured PASMCs in media containing serum and growth factors (proliferative PASMC) was significantly greater than in freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMC) from the same rat. Upregulated CALHM1/2 in proliferative PASMCs were associated with an increased ratio of pAKT/AKT and pmTOR/mTOR and an increased expression of the cell proliferation marker PCNA, whereas serum starvation and rapamycin significantly downregulated CALHM1/2. Furthermore, CALHM1/2 were upregulated in freshly isolated PA from rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH and in primary cultured PASMC from patients with PAH in comparison to normal controls. Intraperitoneal injection of CGP 37157 (0.6 mg/kg, q8H), a non-selective blocker of CALHM channels, partially reversed established experimental PH. These data suggest that CALHM upregulation is involved in PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition. Ca2+ influx through upregulated CALHM1/2 may play an important role in the transition of sustained vasoconstriction to excessive vascular remodeling in PAH or precapillary PH. Calcium homeostasis modulator could potentially be a target to develop novel therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pritesh P. Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Li
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Moises Hernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ellen Breen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - John Y. -J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jason X. -J. Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
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182
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Peripheral Vascular Disease and Kidney Transplant Outcomes: Rethinking an Important Ongoing Complication. Transplantation 2021; 105:1188-1202. [PMID: 33148978 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is highly prevalent in patients on the waiting list for kidney transplantation (KT) and after transplantation and is associated with impaired transplant outcomes. Multiple traditional and nontraditional risk factors, as well as uremia- and transplant-related factors, affect 2 processes that can coexist, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, leading to PVD. Some pathogenic mechanisms, such as inflammation-related endothelial dysfunction, mineral metabolism disorders, lipid alterations, or diabetic status, may contribute to the development and progression of PVD. Early detection of PVD before and after KT, better understanding of the mechanisms of vascular damage, and application of suitable therapeutic approaches could all minimize the impact of PVD on transplant outcomes. This review focuses on the following issues: (1) definition, epidemiological data, diagnosis, risk factors, and pathogenic mechanisms in KT candidates and recipients; (2) adverse clinical consequences and outcomes; and (3) classical and new therapeutic approaches.
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183
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Gaul S, Schaeffer KM, Opitz L, Maeder C, Kogel A, Uhlmann L, Kalwa H, Wagner U, Haas J, Behzadi A, Pelegrin P, Boeckel JN, Laufs U. Extracellular NLRP3 inflammasome particles are internalized by human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and induce pro-atherogenic effects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15156. [PMID: 34312415 PMCID: PMC8313534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation driven by intracellular activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including vascular pathologies. Inflammasome specks are released into the extracellular compartment from disrupting pyroptotic cells. The potential uptake and function of extracellular NLRP3 inflammasomes in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) are unknown. Fluorescently labeled NLRP3 inflammasome particles were isolated from a mutant NLRP3-YFP cell line and used to treat primary HCASMC for 4 and 24 h. Fluorescent and expressional analyses showed that extracellular NLRP3-YFP particles are internalized into HCASMC, where they remain active and stimulate intracellular caspase-1 (1.9-fold) and IL-1β (1.5-fold) activation without inducing pyroptotic cell death. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression level of pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules (ICAM1, CADM1), NLRP3 and genes involved in cytoskleleton organization. The NLRP3-YFP particle-induced gene expression was not dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-1 activation. Instead, the effects were partly abrogated by blocking NFκB activation. Genes, upregulated by extracellular NLRP3 were validated in human carotid artery atheromatous plaques. Extracellular NLRP3-YFP inflammasome particles promoted the secretion of pro-atherogenic and inflammatory cytokines such as CCL2/MCP1, CXCL1 and IL-17E, and increased HCASMC migration (1.8-fold) and extracellular matrix production, such as fibronectin (5.8-fold) which was dependent on NFκB and NLRP3 activation. Extracellular NLRP3 inflammasome particles are internalized into human coronary artery smooth muscle cells where they induce pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects representing a novel mechanism of cell-cell communication and perpetuation of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Therefore, extracellular NLRP3 inflammasomes may be useful to improve the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gaul
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karen Marie Schaeffer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lena Opitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Maeder
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Kogel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luisa Uhlmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann Kalwa
- Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Wagner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektionsmedizin, Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Amirhossein Behzadi
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Clinical University Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jes-Niels Boeckel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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184
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Petsophonsakul P, Burgmaier M, Willems B, Heeneman S, Stadler N, Gremse F, Reith S, Burgmaier K, Kahles F, Marx N, Natour E, Bidar E, Jacobs M, Mees B, Reutelingsperger C, Furmanik M, Schurgers L. Nicotine promotes vascular calcification via intracellular Ca2+-mediated, Nox5-induced oxidative stress and extracellular vesicle release in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2196-2210. [PMID: 34273166 PMCID: PMC9302892 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Smokers are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the exact mechanisms through which smoking influences cardiovascular disease resulting in accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular calcification are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of nicotine on initiation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods and results We assessed vascular calcification of 62 carotid lesions of both smoking and non-smoking patients using ex vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning. Calcification was present more often in carotid plaques of smokers (n = 22 of 30, 73.3%) compared to non-smokers (n = 11 of 32, 34.3%; P < 0.001), confirming higher atherosclerotic burden. The difference was particularly profound for microcalcifications, which was 17-fold higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. In vitro, nicotine-induced human primary VSMC calcification, and increased osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, Osx, BSP, and OPN) and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. The pro-calcifying effects of nicotine were mediated by Ca2+-dependent Nox5. SiRNA knock-down of Nox5 inhibited nicotine-induced EV release and calcification. Moreover, pre-treatment of hVSMCs with vitamin K2 ameliorated nicotine-induced intracellular oxidative stress, EV secretion, and calcification. Using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers α-bungarotoxin and hexamethonium bromide, we found that the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ and oxidative stress were mediated by α7 and α3 nAChR. Finally, we showed that Nox5 expression was higher in carotid arteries of smokers and correlated with calcification levels in these vessels. Conclusion In this study, we provide evidence that nicotine induces Nox5-mediated pro-calcific processes as novel mechanism of increased atherosclerotic calcification. We identified that activation of α7 and α3 nAChR by nicotine increases intracellular Ca2+ and initiates calcification of hVSMCs through increased Nox5 activity, leading to oxidative stress-mediated EV release. Identifying the role of Nox5-induced oxidative stress opens novel avenues for diagnosis and treatment of smoking-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ploingarm Petsophonsakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Burgmaier
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Brecht Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Heeneman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Nadina Stadler
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Gremse
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reith
- Department of Cardiology, St. Franziskus Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Burgmaier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Ehsan Natour
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.,European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Bidar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands.,European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Jacobs
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- European Vascular Center Aachen-Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Furmanik
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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185
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Abstract
Cells of the vascular wall are exquisitely sensitive to changes in their mechanical environment. In healthy vessels, mechanical forces regulate signaling and gene expression to direct the remodeling needed for the vessel wall to maintain optimal function. Major diseases of arteries involve maladaptive remodeling with compromised or lost homeostatic mechanisms. Whereas homeostasis invokes negative feedback loops at multiple scales to mediate mechanobiological stability, disease progression often occurs via positive feedback that generates mechanobiological instabilities. In this review, we focus on the cell biology, wall mechanics, and regulatory pathways associated with arterial health and how changes in these processes lead to disease. We discuss how positive feedback loops arise via biomechanical and biochemical means. We conclude that inflammation plays a central role in overriding homeostatic pathways and suggest future directions for addressing therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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186
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Yu T, Jia Z. Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cardiovascular Diseases: the Central Role of Calcium Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682273. [PMID: 34305595 PMCID: PMC8299363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium, as a second messenger, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The malfunction of calcium signaling in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells promotes hypertension. In cardiomyocytes, calcium overload induces apoptosis, leading to myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. Moreover, the calcium–calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway is essential for expressing the cardiac pro-hypertrophic gene. Heart failure is also characterized by reduced calcium transient amplitude and enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium leakage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat CVDs for thousands of years in China. Because of its multicomponent and multitarget characteristics, TCM's unique advantages in CVD treatment are closely related to the modulation of multiple calcium handling proteins and calcium signaling pathways in different types of cells involved in distinct CVDs. Thus, we systematically review the diverse mechanisms of TCM in regulating calcium pathways to treat various types of CVDs, ranging from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to diabetic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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187
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Mause SF, Ritzel E, Deck A, Vogt F, Liehn EA. Endothelial Progenitor Cells Modulate the Phenotype of Smooth Muscle Cells and Increase Their Neointimal Accumulation Following Vascular Injury. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:456-469. [PMID: 34214997 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the main driver of neointima formation and restenosis following vascular injury. In animal models, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) accelerate endothelial regeneration and reduce neointima formation after arterial injury; however, EPC-capture stents do not reduce target vessel failure compared with conventional stents. Here we examined the influence of EPCs on features of SMCs pivotal for their impact on injury-induced neointima formation including proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch. METHODS AND RESULTS EPCs, their conditioned medium, and EPC-derived microparticles induced proliferation of SMCs while limiting their apoptosis. In transwell membrane experiments and scratch assays, EPCs stimulated migration of SMCs and accelerated their recovery from scratch-induced injury. Treatment of SMCs with an EPC-derived conditioned medium or microparticles triggered transformation of SMCs toward a synthetic phenotype. However, co-cultivation of EPCs and SMCs enabling direct cell-cell contacts preserved their original phenotype and protected from the transformative effect of SMC cholesterol loading. Adhesion of EPCs to SMCs was stimulated by SMC injury and reduced by blocking CXCR2 and CCR5. Interaction of EPCs with SMCs modulated their secretory products and synergistically increased the release of selected chemokines. Following carotid wire injury in athymic mice, injection of EPCs resulted not only in reduced neointima formation but also in altered cellular composition of the neointima with augmented accumulation of SMCs. CONCLUSION EPCs stimulate proliferation and migration of SMCs and increase their neointimal accumulation following vascular injury. Furthermore, EPCs context-dependently modify the SMC phenotype with protection from the transformative effect of cholesterol when a direct cell-cell contact is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Mause
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ritzel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Deck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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188
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Zhang C, Niu K, Lian P, Hu Y, Shuai Z, Gao S, Ge S, Xu T, Xiao Q, Chen Z. Pathological Bases and Clinical Application of Long Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. Hypertension 2021; 78:16-29. [PMID: 34058852 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have vital roles in cardiovascular tissue homeostasis and diseases. As a main subgroup of ncRNAs, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in lipid metabolism, inflammation, vascular injury, and angiogenesis. They have also been implicated in many human diseases including atherosclerosis, arterial remodeling, hypertension, myocardial injury, cardiac remodeling, and heart failure. Importantly, it was reported that lncRNAs were dysregulated in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A variety of studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs could influence gene expression at transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation level. Particularly, emerging evidence has confirmed that the crosstalk among lncRNAs, mRNA, and miRNAs is an important underlying regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs. Nevertheless, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in CVDs have not been fully explored yet. In this review, we will comprehensively summarize the main findings about lncRNAs and CVDs, highlighting the most recent discoveries in the field of lncRNAs and their pathophysiological functions in CVDs, with the aim of dissecting the intrinsic association between lncRNAs and common risk factors of CVDs including hypertension, high glucose, and high fat. Finally, the potential of lncRNAs functioning as the biomarkers, therapeutic targets, as well as specific diagnostic and prognostic indicators of CVDs will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, P.R. China (C.Z., Z.S., S. Ge, Q.X.)
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (K.N., Q.X.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, the third affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, China (K.N.)
| | - Panpan Lian
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, P.R. China (P.L.)
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, P.R. China (Y.H., T.X.)
| | - Ziqiang Shuai
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, P.R. China (C.Z., Z.S., S. Ge, Q.X.)
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, P.R. China (S. Gao, Q.X.)
| | - Shenglin Ge
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, P.R. China (C.Z., Z.S., S. Ge, Q.X.)
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, P.R. China (Y.H., T.X.)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, P.R. China (C.Z., Z.S., S. Ge, Q.X.)
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (K.N., Q.X.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, P.R. China (S. Gao, Q.X.)
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, P.R. China (Z.C.)
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189
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Anwaier G, Lian G, Ma GZ, Shen WL, Lee CI, Lee PL, Chang ZY, Wang YX, Tian XY, Gao XL, Chiu JJ, Qi R. Punicalagin Attenuates Disturbed Flow-Induced Vascular Dysfunction by Inhibiting Force-Specific Activation of Smad1/5. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697539. [PMID: 34262908 PMCID: PMC8273543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathophysiological vascular remodeling in response to disturbed flow with low and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) plays important roles in atherosclerosis progression. Pomegranate extraction (PE) was reported having anti-atherogenic effects. However, whether it can exert a beneficial effect against disturbed flow-induced pathophysiological vascular remodeling to inhibit atherosclerosis remains unclear. The present study aims at investigating the anti-atherogenic effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPP) extraction and its purified compound punicalagin (PU), as well as their protective effects on disturbed flow-induced vascular dysfunction and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The anti-atherogenic effects of PPP/PU were examined on low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice fed with a high fat diet. The vaso-protective effects of PPP/PU were examined in rat aortas using myograph assay. A combination of in vivo experiments on rats and in vitro flow system with human endothelial cells (ECs) was used to investigate the pharmacological actions of PPP/PU on EC dysfunction induced by disturbed flow. In addition, the effects of PPP/PU on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction were also examined. Results PU is the effective component in PPP against atherosclerosis. PPP/PU evoked endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat aortas. PPP/PU inhibited the activation of Smad1/5 in the EC layers at post-stenotic regions of rat aortas exposed to disturbed flow with OSS. PPP/PU suppressed OSS-induced expression of cell cycle regulatory and pro-inflammatory genes in ECs. Moreover, PPP/PU inhibited inflammation-induced VSMC dysfunction. Conclusion PPP/PU protect against OSS-induced vascular remodeling through inhibiting force-specific activation of Smad1/5 in ECs and this mechanism contributes to their anti-atherogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wan-Li Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chih-I Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Zhan-Ying Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
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190
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Romano E, Rosa I, Fioretto BS, Matucci-Cerinic M, Manetti M. New Insights into Profibrotic Myofibroblast Formation in Systemic Sclerosis: When the Vascular Wall Becomes the Enemy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:610. [PMID: 34202703 PMCID: PMC8307837 DOI: 10.3390/life11070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In systemic sclerosis (SSc), abnormalities in microvessel morphology occur early and evolve into a distinctive vasculopathy that relentlessly advances in parallel with the development of tissue fibrosis orchestrated by myofibroblasts in nearly all affected organs. Our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying such a unique relationship between SSc-related vasculopathy and fibrosis has profoundly changed over the last few years. Indeed, increasing evidence has suggested that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a process in which profibrotic myofibroblasts originate from endothelial cells, may take center stage in SSc pathogenesis. While in arterioles and small arteries EndoMT may lead to the accumulation of myofibroblasts within the vessel wall and development of fibroproliferative vascular lesions, in capillary vessels it may instead result in vascular destruction and formation of myofibroblasts that migrate into the perivascular space with consequent tissue fibrosis and microvessel rarefaction, which are hallmarks of SSc. Besides endothelial cells, other vascular wall-resident cells, such as pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, may acquire a myofibroblast-like synthetic phenotype contributing to both SSc-related vascular dysfunction and fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of myofibroblasts inside the vessel wall provides the rationale for novel targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
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191
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Ji Z, Li J, Wang J. Jujuboside B Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia and Prevents Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation, Proliferation, and Migration via Activation of AMPK/PPAR-γ Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672150. [PMID: 34248626 PMCID: PMC8266264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is a critical step in the pathological process of restenosis caused by vascular intimal hyperplasia. Jujuboside B (JB) is one of the main biologically active ingredients extracted from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (SZJ), which has the properties of anti-platelet aggregation and reducing vascular tension. However, its effects on restenosis after vascular intervention caused by VSMCs proliferation and migration remain still unknown. Herein, we present novel data showing that JB treatment could significantly reduce the neointimal hyperplasia of balloon-damaged blood vessels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In cultured VSMCs, JB pretreatment significantly reduced cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). JB attenuated autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production stimulated by PDGF-BB. Besides, JB promoted the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Notably, inhibition of AMPK and PPAR-γ partially reversed the ability of JB to resist the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Taken as a whole, our findings reveal for the first time the anti-restenosis properties of JB in vivo and in vitro after the endovascular intervention. JB antagonizes PDGF-BB-induced phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells partly through AMPK/PPAR-γ pathway. These results indicate that JB might be a promising clinical candidate drug against in-stent restenosis, which provides a reference for further research on the prevention and treatment of vascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiong Ji
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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192
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Huang S, Luo W, Wu G, Shen Q, Zhuang Z, Yang D, Qian J, Hu X, Cai Y, Chattipakorn N, Huang W, Liang G. Inhibition of CDK9 attenuates atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammation and phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14892-14909. [PMID: 34102609 PMCID: PMC8221363 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have demonstrated a key role of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Cyclin-dependent kinases 9 (CDK9), a potential biomarker of atherosclerosis, was significantly increased in coronary artery disease patient serum and played an important role in inflammatory diseases. This study was to explore the pharmacological role of CDK9 inhibition in attenuating atherosclerosis. Methods: A small-molecule CDK9 inhibitor, LDC000067, was utilized to treat the high fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice and human VSMCs. Results: The results showed that inflammation and phenotypic switching of VSMCs were observed in HFD-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, which were accompanied with increased CDK9 in the serum and atherosclerotic lesions where it colocalized with VSMCs. LDC000067 treatment significantly suppressed HFD-induced inflammation, proliferation and phenotypic switching of VSMCs, resulting in reduced atherosclerosis in the ApoE-/- mice, while had no effect on plasma lipids. Further in vitro studies confirmed that LDC000067 and siRNA-mediated CDK9 knockdown reversed ox-LDL-induced inflammation and phenotypic switching of VSMCs from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in human VSMCs. Conclusion: These results indicate that inhibition of CDK9 may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushi Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qirui Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Daona Yang
- Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jinfu Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
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193
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Wang H, Hu H, Ma J, Jiang Y, Cheng R. lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes the ox-LDL induced proliferation, invasion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:835. [PMID: 34149881 PMCID: PMC8200810 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory vascular disease. The dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, upregulation of the long non-coding RNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) was observed in the plaques of patients with atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the functional role of ZFAS1 in atherosclerosis progression. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to analyze ZFAS1 mRNA expression, and western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression levels of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2 and MMP9. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to test cell viability. Finally, wound healing and Transwell chamber assays were performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion, respectively. The current findings demonstrated that ZFAS1 expression was upregulated by ox-LDL stimulation in VSMCs. Moreover, ZFAS1 overexpression promoted the ox-LDL-induced proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs, and upregulated the expression levels of proteins associated with cellular proliferation (Ki67 and PCNA), migration and invasion (MMP2 and 9). By contrast, ZFAS1-knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs, and suppressed cell proliferation-, migration- and invasion-associated protein expression. In conclusion, ZFAS1 promoted the ox-LDL-induced proliferation, invasion and migration of VSMCs. Thus, ZFAS1 may represent a novel biomarker for dysfunction of VSMCs in the pathological condition of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linhai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Medical Community, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Huajie Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linhai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Medical Community, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linhai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Medical Community, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, P.R. China
| | - Ruifei Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianyungang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222004, P.R. China
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194
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The ameliorative effect of terpinen-4-ol on ER stress-induced vascular calcification depends on SIRT1-mediated regulation of PERK acetylation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105629. [PMID: 34089864 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is key to vascular calcification (VC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies have shown that activation/upregulation of SIRT1 has a protective effect on CKD-VC. Meanwhile, although terpinen-4-ol has been shown to exert a protective effect against cardiovascular disease, its role and underlying mechanism in VC remain unclear. Herein, we explored whether terpinen-4-ol alleviates ER stress-mediated VC through sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and elucidated its mechanism to provide evidence for its application in the clinical prevention and treatment of VC. To this end, a CKD-related VC animal model and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-induced VSMC calcification model were established to investigate the role of terpinen-4-ol in ER stress-induced VC, in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, to evaluate the involvement of SIRT1, mouse and VSMC Sirt1-knockdown models were established. Results show that terpinen-4-ol inhibits calcium deposition, phenotypic switching, and ER stress in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, pre-incubation of VSMCs with terpinen-4-ol or a SIRT1 agonist, decreased β-GP-induced calcium salt deposition, increased SIRT1 protein level, and inhibited PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway activation, thus, alleviating VC. Similar results were observed in VSMCs induced to overexpress SIRT1 via lentivirus transcription. Meanwhile, the opposite results were obtained in SIRT1-knockdown models. Further, results suggest that SIRT1 physically interacts with, and deacetylates PERK. Specifically, mass spectrometry analysis identified lysine K889 as the acetylation site of SIRT1, which regulates PERK. Finally, inhibition of SIRT1 reduced the effect of terpinen-4-ol on the deacetylation of PERK in vitro and in vivo and weakened the inhibitory effect of terpinen-4-ol against ER stress-mediated VC. Cumulatively, terpinen-4-ol was found to inhibit post-translational modification of PERK at the K889 acetylation site by upregulating SIRT1 expression, thereby ameliorating VC by regulating ER stress. This study provides insights into the underlying molecular mechanism of terpinen-4-ol, supporting its development as a promising therapeutic agent for CKD-VC.
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195
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Chin DD, Poon C, Wang J, Joo J, Ong V, Jiang Z, Cheng K, Plotkin A, Magee GA, Chung EJ. miR-145 micelles mitigate atherosclerosis by modulating vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120810. [PMID: 33892346 PMCID: PMC8152375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, resident vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the blood vessels become highly plastic and undergo phenotypic switching from the quiescent, contractile phenotype to the migratory and proliferative, synthetic phenotype. Additionally, recent VSMC lineage-tracing mouse models of atherosclerosis have found that VSMCs transdifferentiate into macrophage-like and osteochondrogenic cells and make up to 70% of cells found in atherosclerotic plaques. Given VSMC phenotypic switching is regulated by microRNA-145 (miR-145), we hypothesized that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of miR-145 to VSMCs has the potential to mitigate atherosclerosis development by inhibiting plaque-propagating cell types derived from VSMCs. To test our hypothesis, we synthesized miR-145 micelles targeting the C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2), which is highly expressed on synthetic VSMCs. When miR-145 micelles were incubated with human aortic VSMCs in vitro, >90% miR-145 micelles escaped the lysosomal pathway in 4 hours and released the miR cargo under cytosolic levels of glutathione, an endogenous reducing agent. As such, miR-145 micelles rescued atheroprotective contractile markers, myocardin, α-SMA, and calponin, in synthetic VSMCs in vitro. In early-stage atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice, one dose of miR-145 micelles prevented lesion growth by 49% and sustained an increased level of miR-145 expression after 2 weeks post-treatment. Additionally, miR-145 micelles inhibited 35% and 43% plaque growth compared to free miR-145 and PBS, respectively, in mid-stage atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice. Collectively, we present a novel therapeutic strategy and cell target for atherosclerosis, and present miR-145 micelles as a viable nanotherapeutic that can intervene atherosclerosis progression at both early and later stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Christopher Poon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Johan Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Victor Ong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Zhangjingyi Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Kayley Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Anastasia Plotkin
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Gregory A Magee
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States; Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
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196
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Wang H, He F, Liang B, Jing Y, Zhang P, Liu W, Zhao H. p53-Dependent LincRNA-p21 Protects Against Proliferation and Anti-apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis by Upregulating SIRT7 via MicroRNA-17-5p. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:426-440. [PMID: 33169349 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the functional role of p53-lincRNA-p21 in atherosclerosis (AS) by mediating the microRNA-17-5p (miR-17-5p)/SIRT7 axis. Peripheral blood was collected from AS patients, and an ApoE-/- mouse model of AS (AS-M) was induced by high-fat diet. The relationship among p53, lincRNA-p21, miR-17-5p, and SIRT7 was validated, and their effects on AS progression and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions were analyzed using gain- and loss-of-function experiments in AS mice and human and mouse VSMCs. p53, lincRNA-p21, and SIRT7 were downregulated, and miR-17-5p was upregulated in AS-M and peripheral blood of AS patients. p53 positively regulated lincRNA-p21, while miR-17-5p, reversely targeted by lincRNA-p21, could target SIRT7. Overexpressing p53, lincRNA-p21, or SIRT7 contributed to impaired proliferation and promoted apoptosis of VSMCs in vitro as well as reducing the vulnerable plaque and lipid accumulation in AS mice. Collectively, p53-dependent lincRNA-p21 expression downregulated miR-17-5p, which consequently protecting against AS progression via SIRT7 elevation. Graphical abstract Collectively, p53-dependent lincRNA-p21 expression downregulated miR-17-5p, whichconsequently protecting against AS progression via SIRT7 elevation.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sirtuins/genetics
- Sirtuins/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Wang
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 8, Baobei Road, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 8, Baobei Road, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 8, Baobei Road, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhu Jing
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 8, Baobei Road, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 8, Baobei Road, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Liu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 8, Baobei Road, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 8, Baobei Road, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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197
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Pan J, Cai Y, Liu M, Li Z. Role of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in plaque progression: A hybrid modeling study. J Theor Biol 2021; 526:110794. [PMID: 34087268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Growing genetic lineage mapping experiments have definitively shown a wide-ranging plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerotic plaque and suggested that VSMCs can modulate their phenotypes in response to plaque microenvironment. Here, a multiscale hybrid discrete-continuous (HDC) modeling system is established to investigate the complex role of VSMC phenotypic switching within atherosclerotic lesions. The cellular behaviors of VSMCs and macrophages, including proliferation, migration, phenotypic transformation and necrosis, are determined by cellular automata (CA) rules in discrete model. While the dynamics of plaque microenvironmental factors, such as lipid, extracellular matrix (ECM) and chemokines, are described by continuous reaction-diffusion equations in macroscopy. The simulation results demonstrate how the VSMC activities change the extracellular microenvironment and consequently affect the plaque morphology and stability. The regulation of VSMC phenotypes can affect not only the plaque morphology (necrotic core size and fibrous cap thickness) but also the deposition and distribution of microenvironmental factors (lipoprotein, ECM, and chemokines). In addition, it is found that plaque vulnerability can be inhibited by blocking VSMC transdifferentiation to a macrophage-like state and promoting it to a myofibroblastic phenotype, which suggests that targeting VSMC phenotypic switching could be a potential and promising therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Pan
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Cai
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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198
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Liu L, Li Q, Yin J, Zhao Z, Sun L, Ran Q, Du X, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang Q, Chen Y, Weng X, Cai W, Zhu X. ShenLian Extract Enhances TGF-β Functions in the Macrophage-SMC Unit and Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaques. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669730. [PMID: 34122091 PMCID: PMC8193129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Macrophage polarization and phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are multi-faceted events dominating atherosclerosis (AS) progression. TGF-β was proved to been one of the bridge on the crosstalk between macrophage and SMC. ShenLian (SL) was extracted from a potent anti-atherosclerotic formula. However, its exact mechanism rebalancing inflammatory microenvironment of AS remain largely unknown. Within the entirety of macrophage and SMC, this study investigated the pharmacological effects of SL on stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: The main components of SL were examined by high performance liquid chromatography. Co-culture and conditioned medium models of macrophage/SMC interactions were designed to identify the relationship between macrophage polarization and switching of SMC phenotypes. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, RT-PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were used to determine the expression of molecules relating to AS progression. An atherosclerosis animal model, established by placing a perivascular collar on the right common carotid artery in ApoE−/− mice, was used to investigate whether TGF-β is the key molecular mediator of SL in crosstalk between macrophage and SMC. Plaque size was defined by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Key markers related to phenotypic transformation of macrophage and SMC were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Results revealed that, accompanied by rebalanced M2 macrophage polarization, SL supported SMC phenotypic transformation and functionally reconstruct the ECM of plaques specifically in macrophage-SMC co-cultural model. Molecularly, such activity of SL closely related to the activation of STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. Furthermore, in co-culture system, up-regulation of α-SMA induced by SL could neutralized by 1D11, a TGF-β neutralizing antibody, indicating that SL mediated Macrophage-SMC communication by enhancing TGF-β. In the AS model constructed by ApoE−/− mice, effects of SL on phenotypic transformation of macrophage and SMC has been well verified. Specific blocking of TGF-β largely attenuated the aforementioned effects of SL. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted that TGF-β might be the responsive factor of SL within macrophage and SMC communication. This study revealed that crosstalk between macrophage and SMC forms a holistic entirety promoting atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsen Ran
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinke Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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199
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Seime T, Akbulut AC, Liljeqvist ML, Siika A, Jin H, Winski G, van Gorp RH, Karlöf E, Lengquist M, Buckler AJ, Kronqvist M, Waring OJ, Lindeman JHN, Biessen EAL, Maegdefessel L, Razuvaev A, Schurgers LJ, Hedin U, Matic L. Proteoglycan 4 Modulates Osteogenic Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation during Vascular Remodeling and Intimal Calcification. Cells 2021; 10:1276. [PMID: 34063989 PMCID: PMC8224064 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcification is a prominent feature of late-stage atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms driving this process are unclear. Using a biobank of carotid endarterectomies, we recently showed that Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a key molecular signature of calcified plaques, expressed in smooth muscle cell (SMC) rich regions. Here, we aimed to unravel the PRG4 role in vascular remodeling and intimal calcification. PRG4 expression in human carotid endarterectomies correlated with calcification assessed by preoperative computed tomographies. PRG4 localized to SMCs in early intimal thickening, while in advanced lesions it was found in the extracellular matrix, surrounding macro-calcifications. In experimental models, Prg4 was upregulated in SMCs from partially ligated ApoE-/- mice and rat carotid intimal hyperplasia, correlating with osteogenic markers and TGFb1. Furthermore, PRG4 was enriched in cells positive for chondrogenic marker SOX9 and around plaque calcifications in ApoE-/- mice on warfarin. In vitro, PRG4 was induced in SMCs by IFNg, TGFb1 and calcifying medium, while SMC markers were repressed under calcifying conditions. Silencing experiments showed that PRG4 expression was driven by transcription factors SMAD3 and SOX9. Functionally, the addition of recombinant human PRG4 increased ectopic SMC calcification, while arresting cell migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, it suppressed endogenous PRG4, SMAD3 and SOX9, and restored SMC markers' expression. PRG4 modulates SMC function and osteogenic phenotype during intimal remodeling and macro-calcification in response to TGFb1 signaling, SMAD3 and SOX9 activation. The effects of PRG4 on SMC phenotype and calcification suggest its role in atherosclerotic plaque stability, warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Seime
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Asim Cengiz Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (R.H.v.G.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Moritz Lindquist Liljeqvist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Antti Siika
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Hong Jin
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Rick H. van Gorp
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (R.H.v.G.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Eva Karlöf
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Andrew J. Buckler
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Olivia J. Waring
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (O.J.W.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (O.J.W.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.W.); (L.M.)
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (R.H.v.G.); (L.J.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; (T.S.); (M.L.L.); (A.S.); (H.J.); (E.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.B.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (U.H.)
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The miR-378c-Samd1 circuit promotes phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells and foam cells formation in atherosclerosis lesions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10548. [PMID: 34006929 PMCID: PMC8131603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators in vascular diseases and are involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. However, the atherosclerotic-specific MicroRNAs and their functional roles in atherosclerosis are unclear. Here, we report that miR-378c protects against atherosclerosis by directly targeting Sterile Alpha Motif Domain Containing 1 (Samd1), a predicted transcriptional repressor. miR-378c was strikingly reduced in atherosclerotic plaques and blood of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients relative to healthy controls. Suppression of miR-378c promoted vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic transition during atherosclerosis. We also reported for the first time that Samd1 prolonged immobilization of LDL on the VSMCs, thus facilitated LDL oxidation and subsequently foam cell formation. Further, we found that Samd1 contains predicted DNA binding domain and directly binds to DNA regions as a transcriptional repressor. Together, we uncovered a novel mechanism whereby miR-378c-Samd1 circuit participates in two key elements of atherosclerosis, VSMCs phenotypic transition and LDL oxidation. Our results provided a better understanding of atherosclerosis pathophysiology and potential therapeutic management by targeting miR-378c-Samd1 circuit.
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