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Distefano G, Standley RA, Zhang X, Carnero EA, Yi F, Cornnell HH, Coen PM. Physical activity unveils the relationship between mitochondrial energetics, muscle quality, and physical function in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:279-294. [PMID: 29368427 PMCID: PMC5879963 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing muscle is highly controversial. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that reduced muscle oxidative capacity and efficiency underlie the aetiology of mobility loss in older adults. Here, we hypothesized that studying well-phenotyped older cohorts across a wide range of physical activity would unveil a range of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and in turn allow us to more clearly examine the impact of age per se on mitochondrial energetics. This also enabled us to more clearly define the relationships between mitochondrial energetics and muscle lipid content with clinically relevant assessments of muscle and physical function. METHODS Thirty-nine volunteers were recruited to the following study groups: young active (YA, n = 2 women/8 men, age = 31.2 ± 5.4 years), older active (OA, n = 2 women/8 men, age = 67.5 ± 2.7 years), and older sedentary (OS, n = 8 women/11 men, age = 70.7 ± 4.7 years). Participants completed a graded exercise test to determine fitness (VO2 peak), a submaximal exercise test to determine exercise efficiency, and daily physical activity was recorded using a tri-axial armband accelerometer. Mitochondrial energetics were determined by (i) 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and (ii) respirometry of fibre bundles from vastus lateralis biopsies. Quadriceps function was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry and physical function by the short physical performance battery and stair climb test. RESULTS Daily physical activity energy expenditure was significantly lower in OS, compared with YA and OA groups. Despite fitness being higher in YA compared with OA and OS, mitochondrial respiration, maximum mitochondrial capacity, Maximal ATP production/Oxygen consumption (P/O) ratio, and exercise efficiency were similar in YA and OA groups and were significantly lower in OS. P/O ratio was correlated with exercise efficiency. Time to complete the stair climb and repeated chair stand tests were significantly greater for OS. Interestingly, maximum mitochondrial capacity was related to muscle contractile performance and physical function. CONCLUSIONS Older adults who maintain a high amount of physical activity have better mitochondrial capacity, similar to highly active younger adults, and this is related to their better muscle quality, exercise efficiency, and physical performance. This suggests that mitochondria could be an important therapeutic target for sedentary ageing associated conditions including sarcopenia, dynapenia, and loss of physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Robert A Standley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Heather H Cornnell
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, 6400 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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152
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Gonzalez-Freire M, Scalzo P, D'Agostino J, Moore ZA, Diaz-Ruiz A, Fabbri E, Zane A, Chen B, Becker KG, Lehrmann E, Zukley L, Chia CW, Tanaka T, Coen PM, Bernier M, de Cabo R, Ferrucci L. Skeletal muscle ex vivo mitochondrial respiration parallels decline in vivo oxidative capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29356348 PMCID: PMC5847858 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle declines with age. Most evidence for this decline comes from studies that assessed mitochondrial function indirectly, and the impact of such deterioration with respect to physical function has not been clearly delineated. We hypothesized that mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized human muscle fibers declines with age and correlates with phosphocreatine postexercise recovery rate (kPCr), muscle performance, and aerobic fitness. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by high-resolution respirometry in saponin-permeabilized fibers from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of 38 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA; 21 men, age 24-91 years) who also had available measures of peak oxygen consumption (VO2max ) from treadmill tests, gait speed in different tasks, 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, isokinetic knee extension, and grip strength. Results indicated a significant reduction in mitochondrial respiration with age (p < .05) that was independent of other potential confounders. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was also associated with VO2max , muscle strength, kPCr, and time to complete a 400-m walk (p < .05). A negative trend toward significance (p = .074) was observed between mitochondrial respiration and BMI. Finally, transcriptional profiling revealed a reduced mRNA expression of mitochondrial gene networks with aging (p < .05). Overall, our findings reinforce the notion that mitochondrial function declines with age and may contribute to age-associated loss of muscle performance and cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Longitudinal Studies Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Paul Scalzo
- Longitudinal Studies Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Jarod D'Agostino
- Clinical Research Unit; MedStar Harbor Hospital; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Zenobia A. Moore
- Longitudinal Studies Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Experimental Gerontology Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Longitudinal Studies Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Ariel Zane
- Longitudinal Studies Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Brian Chen
- Longitudinal Studies Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Linda Zukley
- Clinical Research Unit; MedStar Harbor Hospital; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Chee W. Chia
- Diabetes Section; Laboratory of Clinical Investigation; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes; Florida Hospital; Orlando FL USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section; Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institute on Aging; Baltimore MD USA
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153
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Tetri LH, Diffee GM, Barton GP, Braun RK, Yoder HE, Haraldsdottir K, Eldridge MW, Goss KN. Sex-Specific Skeletal Muscle Fatigability and Decreased Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity in Adult Rats Exposed to Postnatal Hyperoxia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:326. [PMID: 29651255 PMCID: PMC5884929 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature birth affects more than 10% of live births, and is characterized by relative hyperoxia exposure in an immature host. Long-term consequences of preterm birth include decreased aerobic capacity, decreased muscular strength and endurance, and increased prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Postnatal hyperoxia exposure in rodents is a well-established model of chronic lung disease of prematurity, and also recapitulates the pulmonary vascular, cardiovascular, and renal phenotype of premature birth. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether postnatal hyperoxia exposure in rats could recapitulate the skeletal and metabolic phenotype of premature birth, and to characterize the subcellular metabolic changes associated with postnatal hyperoxia exposure, with a secondary aim to evaluate sex differences in this model. Compared to control rats, male rats exposed to 14 days of postnatal hyperoxia then aged to 1 year demonstrated higher skeletal muscle fatigability, lower muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, more mitochondrial damage, and higher glycolytic enzyme expression. These differences were not present in female rats with the same postnatal hyperoxia exposure. This study demonstrates detrimental mitochondrial and muscular outcomes in the adult male rat exposed to postnatal hyperoxia. Given that young adults born premature also demonstrate skeletal muscle dysfunction, future studies are merited to determine whether this dysfunction as well as reduced aerobic capacity is due to reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Tetri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gary M Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gregory P Barton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rudolf K Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hannah E Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kristin Haraldsdottir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kara N Goss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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154
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Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial capacity and quality play a critical role in skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction. In vivo measurements of mitochondrial capacity provide a clear link between physical activity and mitochondrial function in aging and heart failure, although the cause and effect relationship remains unclear. Age-related decline in mitochondrial quality leads to mitochondrial defects that affect redox, calcium, and energy-sensitive signaling by altering the cellular environment that can result in skeletal muscle dysfunction independent of reduced mitochondrial capacity. This reduced mitochondrial quality with age is also likely to sensitize skeletal muscle mitochondria to elevated angiotensin or beta-adrenergic signaling associated with heart failure. This synergy between aging and heart failure could further disrupt cell energy and redox homeostasis and contribute to exercise intolerance in this patient population. Therefore, the interaction between aging and heart failure, particularly with respect to mitochondrial dysfunction, should be a consideration when developing strategies to improve quality of life in heart failure patients. Given the central role of the mitochondria in skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction, mitochondrial quality may provide a common link for targeted interventions in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Z Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Box 358050, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Box 358050, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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155
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Abstract
A substantial loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), a decreased regenerative capacity, and a compromised physical performance are hallmarks of aging skeletal muscle. These changes are typically accompanied by impaired muscle metabolism, including mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. A challenge in the field of muscle aging is to dissociate the effects of chronological aging per se on muscle characteristics from the secondary influence of lifestyle and disease processes. Remarkably, physical activity and exercise are well-established countermeasures against muscle aging, and have been shown to attenuate age-related decreases in muscle mass, strength, and regenerative capacity, and slow or prevent impairments in muscle metabolism. We posit that exercise and physical activity can influence many of the changes in muscle during aging, and thus should be emphasized as part of a lifestyle essential to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827
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156
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Cesari M, Araujo de Carvalho I, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Cooper C, Martin FC, Reginster JY, Vellas B, Beard JR. Evidence for the Domains Supporting the Construct of Intrinsic Capacity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1653-1660. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, France
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Finbarr C Martin
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, France
| | - John R Beard
- Department of Ageing and Life Course, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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157
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Gonçalves NG, Cavaletti SH, Pasqualucci CA, Arruda Martins M, Lin CJ. Fructose ingestion impairs expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle's adaptive response to aerobic exercise. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:33. [PMID: 29234478 PMCID: PMC5721527 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The inverse relationship between exercise capacity and its variation over time and both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality suggests the existence of an etiological nexus between cardiometabolic diseases and the molecular regulators of exercise capacity. Coordinated adaptive responses elicited by physical training enhance exercise performance and metabolic efficiency and possibly mediate the health benefits of physical exercise. In contrast, impaired expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis or protein turnover in skeletal muscle—key biological processes involved in adaptation to physical training—leads to insulin resistance and obesity. Ingestion of fructose has been shown to suppress the exercise-induced GLUT4 response in rat skeletal muscle. To evaluate in greater detail how fructose ingestion might blunt the benefits of physical training, we investigated the effects of fructose ingestion on exercise induction of genes that participate in regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and protein turnover in rat’s skeletal muscle. Methods Eight-week-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (C), exercise (treadmill running)-only (E), fructose-only (F), and fructose + exercise (FE) groups and treated accordingly for 8 weeks. Blood and quadriceps femoris were collected for biochemistry, serum insulin, and gene expression analysis. Expression of genes involved in regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy, GLUT4, and ubiquitin E3 ligases MuRF-1, and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 were assayed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Aerobic training improved exercise capacity in both E and FE groups. A main effect of fructose ingestion on body weight and fasting serum triglyceride concentration was detected. Fructose ingestion impaired the expression of PGC-1α, FNDC5, NR4A3, GLUT4, Atg9, Lamp2, Ctsl, Murf-1, and MAFBx/Atrogin-1 in skeletal muscle of both sedentary and exercised animals while expression of Errα and Pparδ was impaired only in exercised rats. Conclusions Our results show that fructose ingestion impairs the expression of genes involved in biological processes relevant to exercise-induced remodeling of skeletal muscle. This might provide novel insight on how a dietary factor contributes to the genesis of disorders of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Milton Arruda Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chin Jia Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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158
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Rygiel KA, Dodds RM, Patel HP, Syddall HE, Westbury LD, Granic A, Cooper C, Cliff J, Rocha MC, Turnbull DM, Sayer AA. Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in older men and its relationship with muscle mass and performance. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.17987/jcsm-cr.v2i2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and physical performance with age, and recognition of its importance in clinical practice is growing. Age-related decline in muscle mitochondrial function has been described although less is known about the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether respiratory chain deficiency is associated with muscle mass and physical performance among a sample of healthy older men participating in the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study.MethodsWe used immunofluorescence on biopsies of the vastus lateralis to measure levels of the NDUFB8 subunit of complex I and the COX-1 subunit of complex IV per fibre. We measured muscle mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We assessed physical performance using grip strength, gait speed, chair rise time, timed up and go and standing balance time, and composed an aggregate performance score on the scale of 0 (worst) and 5 (best performance). We used linear regression with a cluster sandwich estimator to test relationships between complex I / IV and muscle mass / physical performance. Study approval was granted by the Hertfordshire Research Ethics Committee.ResultsSamples were available from 77 participants of mean age 72.6 (2.5) years. The median number of fibres analysed per participant was 157 (104, 237). We expressed complex I and IV levels as Z-scores relative to that expected in young controls. The overall participant mean Z-scores were 0.3 (1.3) and -1.5 (0.9) for complex I and IV, respectively. We saw no relationship between complex I or IV and muscle mass. Each unit (SD) increase in complex I was associated with an increase in aggregate performance score of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.09, P = 0.003), whilst the relationship for complex IV did not reach significance.ConclusionWe saw marked heterogeneity in complex I and IV levels, both between and within participants, as well as lower overall levels of complex IV. The finding of a small but statistically significant positive association between complex I levels and physical performance suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may have a role in the development of sarcopenia. These findings will help inform the design of future studies across a wider range of ages and in both women and men.
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159
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Brown PJ, Badreddine D, Roose SP, Rutherford B, Ayonayon HN, Yaffe K, Simonsick EM, Goodpaster B. Muscle fatigability and depressive symptoms in later life. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:e166-e172. [PMID: 28198046 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigability is the degree to which performance decreases during a specific activity of a given intensity and duration. Depression is known to heighten subjective fatigue, but whether its association with physical fatigability is unknown. Further, whether fatigability is a precursor or risk factor for the development of subsequent depressive symptoms is also unclear. METHODS Data are from the Health Aging and Body Composition Study with fatigability assessed using isokinetic dynamometry of the knee extensors at year 3, and depressive symptoms ascertained longitudinally using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The relationship between fatigability and depressive symptoms was evaluated using linear and Cox regression models. RESULTS There was a significant cross-sectional association between fatigability and depressive symptomatology (β = -0.06, p = 0.02), after adjusting for demographic variables, medical comorbidities, cognition, gait speed, and physical activity levels. Greater fatigability was associated with greater adjusted scores on the 10-item CES-D (F2, 1695 = 38.65, p < 0.001), with individuals with greater fatigability on average reporting an adjusted CES-D score 0.5 point greater than those individuals with higher levels of resistance to fatigability (mean of 70% or better; p < 0.001). Fatigability however was not associated with the development of depression at follow-up (p = 0.828). CONCLUSIONS This study found an association between skeletal muscle fatigability and higher depressive symptoms in older adults, but no longitudinal association was identified. These findings suggest that age-related changes in energy capacity may affect the phenomenology of late life depression. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Brown
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven P Roose
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bret Rutherford
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilsa N Ayonayon
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Neurology, Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bret Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital and Sanford Burnham Presbys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital and Sanford Burnham Presbys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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160
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Nacarelli T, Sell C. Targeting metabolism in cellular senescence, a role for intervention. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:83-92. [PMID: 27591812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence has gained much attention as a contributor to aging and susceptibility to disease. Senescent cells undergo a stable cell cycle arrest and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, an additional feature of the senescence phenotype is an altered metabolic state. Despite maintaining a non-dividing state, senescent cells display a high metabolic rate. Metabolic changes characteristic of replicative senescence include altered mitochondrial function and perturbations in growth signaling pathways, such as the mTORC1-signaling pathway. Recent evidence has raised the possibility that these metabolic changes may be essential for the induction and maintenance of the senescent state. Interventions such as rapamycin treatment and methionine restriction impact key aspects of metabolism and delay cellular senescence to extend cellular lifespan. Here, we review the metabolic changes and potential metabolic regulators of the senescence program. In addition, we will discuss how lifespan-extending regimens prevent metabolic stress that accompanies and potentially regulates the senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Nacarelli
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Christian Sell
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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161
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AlGhatrif M, Zane A, Oberdier M, Canepa M, Studenski S, Simonsick E, Spencer RG, Fishbein K, Reiter D, Lakatta EG, McDermott MM, Ferrucci L. Lower Mitochondrial Energy Production of the Thigh Muscles in Patients With Low-Normal Ankle-Brachial Index. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006604. [PMID: 28855165 PMCID: PMC5634302 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Lower muscle mitochondrial energy production may contribute to impaired walking endurance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. A borderline ankle‐brachial index (ABI) of 0.91 to 1.10 is associated with poorer walking endurance compared with higher ABI. We hypothesized that in the absence of peripheral arterial disease, lower ABI is associated with lower mitochondrial energy production. Methods and Results We examined 363 men and women participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with an ABI between 0.90 and 1.40. Muscle mitochondrial energy production was assessed by post‐exercise phosphocreatine recovery rate constant (kPCr) measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left thigh. A lower post‐exercise phosphocreatine recovery rate constant reflects decreased mitochondria energy production.The mean age of the participants was 71±12 years. A total of 18.4% had diabetes mellitus and 4% were current and 40% were former smokers. Compared with participants with an ABI of 1.11 to 1.40, those with an ABI of 0.90 to 1.10 had significantly lower post‐exercise phosphocreatine recovery rate constant (19.3 versus 20.8 ms−1, P=0.015). This difference remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and cholesterol levels (P=0.028). Similarly, post‐exercise phosphocreatine recovery rate constant was linearly associated with ABI as a continuous variable, both in the ABI ranges of 0.90 to 1.40 (standardized coefficient=0.15, P=0.003) and 1.1 to 1.4 (standardized coefficient=0.12, P=0.0405). Conclusions An ABI of 0.90 to 1.10 is associated with lower mitochondrial energy production compared with an ABI of 1.11 to 1.40. These data demonstrate adverse associations of lower ABI values with impaired mitochondrial activity even within the range of a clinically accepted definition of a normal ABI. Further study is needed to determine whether interventions in persons with ABIs of 0.90 to 1.10 can prevent subsequent functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd AlGhatrif
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD.,Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ariel Zane
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matt Oberdier
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marco Canepa
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD.,Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Stephanie Studenski
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard G Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - David Reiter
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mary M McDermott
- Departments of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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162
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Distefano G, Standley RA, Dubé JJ, Carnero EA, Ritov VB, Stefanovic-Racic M, Toledo FGS, Piva SR, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM. Chronological Age Does not Influence Ex-vivo Mitochondrial Respiration and Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:535-542. [PMID: 27325231 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable debate continues to surround the concept of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging muscle. We tested the overall hypothesis that age per se does not influence mitochondrial function and markers of mitochondria quality control, that is, expression of fusion, fission, and autophagy proteins. We also investigated the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and adiposity (body mass index) on these associations. Methods Percutaneous biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained from sedentary young (n = 14, 24±3 years), middle-aged (n = 24, 41±9 years) and older adults (n = 20, 78±5 years). A physically active group of young adults (n = 10, 27±5 years) was studied as a control. Mitochondrial respiration was determined in saponin permeabilized fiber bundles. Fusion, fission and autophagy protein expression was determined by Western blot. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a graded exercise test. Results Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and expression of fusion (OPA1 and MFN2) and fission (FIS1) proteins were not different among sedentary groups despite a wide age range (21 to 88 years). Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and fusion and fission proteins were, however, negatively associated with body mass index, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity was positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. The young active group had higher respiration, complex I and II respiratory control ratios, and expression of fusion and fission proteins. Finally, the expression of fusion, fission, and autophagy proteins were linked with mitochondrial respiration. Conclusions Mitochondrial respiration and markers of mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) are not associated with chronological age per se, but rather are more strongly associated with body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Distefano
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and
| | | | - John J Dubé
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando
| | - Vladimir B Ritov
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Sara R Piva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and
| | | | - Paul M Coen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine
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163
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Boengler K, Kosiol M, Mayr M, Schulz R, Rohrbach S. Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:349-369. [PMID: 28432755 PMCID: PMC5476857 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for most diseases. Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing. The best-known hypothesis to explain ageing is the free radical theory, which proposes that cells, organs, and organisms age because they accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage over time. Mitochondria play a central role as the principle source of intracellular ROS, which are mainly formed at the level of complex I and III of the respiratory chain. Dysfunctional mitochondria generating less ATP have been observed in various aged organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises different features including reduced mitochondrial content, altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced activity of the complexes of the electron transport chain, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and increased ROS formation. Furthermore, abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control or defects in mitochondrial dynamics have also been linked to senescence. Among the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction are those with a high-energy demand and thus high mitochondrial content. Therefore, the present review focuses on the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process of heart and skeletal muscle. In this article, we review different aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function. Finally, novel aspects of adipose tissue biology and their involvement in the ageing process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maik Kosiol
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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164
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Layne AS, Krehbiel LM, Mankowski RT, Anton SD, Leeuwenburgh C, Pahor M, Sandesara B, Wu SS, Buford TW. Resveratrol and exercise to treat functional limitations in late life: design of a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2017; 6:58-63. [PMID: 28944303 PMCID: PMC5608101 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function declines with age and is a key factor in the maintenance of physical function among older adults. Research studies from animals and humans have consistently demonstrated that exercise improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in early and middle adulthood. However, mitochondrial adaptations to both acute and chronic exercise are attenuated in late life. Thus, there is an important need to identify adjuvant therapies capable of augmenting mitochondrial adaptations to exercise (e.g. improved mitochondrial respiration, muscle mitochondria biogenesis) among older adults. This study is investigating the potential of resveratrol supplementation for this purpose. The objective of this randomized, double-masked pilot trial is to evaluate the efficacy of resveratrol supplementation combined with a comprehensive supervised exercise program exercise for improving physical function among older adults. Moderately functioning, sedentary participants aged ≥60 years will perform 24 sessions (2 day/wk for 12 weeks) of center-based walking and resistance training and are randomly assigned to receive either (1) 500 mg/day resveratrol (2) 1000 mg/day resveratrol or (3) placebo. Study dependent outcomes include changes in 1) knee extensor strength, 2) objective measures of physical function (e.g. 4m walk test, Short Physical Performance Battery), 3) subjective measures of physical function assessed by Late Life Function and Disability Instrument, and 4) skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. This study will provide novel information regarding the therapeutic potential of resveratrol supplementation combined with exercise while also informing about the long-term clinical viability of the intervention by evaluating participant safety and willingness to engage in the intervention.
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165
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Zane AC, Reiter DA, Shardell M, Cameron D, Simonsick EM, Fishbein KW, Studenski SA, Spencer RG, Ferrucci L. Muscle strength mediates the relationship between mitochondrial energetics and walking performance. Aging Cell 2017; 16:461-468. [PMID: 28181388 PMCID: PMC5418194 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity declines with age and negatively affects walking performance, but the mechanism for this association is not fully clear. We tested the hypothesis that impaired oxidative capacity affects muscle performance and, through this mechanism, has a negative effect on walking speed. Muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity was measured by in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy as the postexercise phosphocreatine resynthesis rate, kPCr, in 326 participants (154 men), aged 24–97 years (mean 71), in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Muscle strength and quality were determined by knee extension isokinetic strength, and the ratio of knee extension strength to thigh muscle cross‐sectional area derived from computed topography, respectively. Four walking tasks were evaluated: a usual pace over 6 m and for 150 s, and a rapid pace over 6 m and 400 m. In multivariate linear regression analyses, kPCr was associated with muscle strength (β = 0.140, P = 0.007) and muscle quality (β = 0.127, P = 0.022), independent of age, sex, height, and weight; muscle strength was also a significant independent correlate of walking speed (P < 0.02 for all tasks) and in a formal mediation analysis significantly attenuated the association between kPCr and three of four walking tasks (18–29% reduction in β for kPCr). This is the first demonstration in human adults that mitochondrial function affects muscle strength and that inefficiency in muscle bioenergetics partially accounts for differences in mobility through this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel C. Zane
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | - David A. Reiter
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Michelle Shardell
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Donnie Cameron
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Kenneth W. Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Richard G. Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore MD USA
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166
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Rocchi A, He C. Regulation of Exercise-Induced Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:177-186. [PMID: 29057166 PMCID: PMC5646231 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Physical exercise is a highly effective method to prevent several pathogenic conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, largely due to metabolic adaptations induced by exercise in skeletal muscle. Yet how exercise induces the beneficial effects in muscle remains to be fully elucidated. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that regulates nutrient recycling, energy production and organelle quality control. The autophagy pathway is upregulated in response to stress during exercise and muscle contraction, and may be an important mechanism mediating exercise-induced health benefits. RECENT FINDINGS A number of studies have indicated that physical exercise induces non-selective autophagy and selective mitophagy in skeletal muscle in animal models and humans. The AMPK-ULK1 and the FoxO3 signaling pathways play an essential role in the activation of the upstream autophagy machinery in skeletal muscle during exercise. The autophagy activity is required for health benefits of exercise, as in different autophagy-deficient mouse lines exercise-induced effects are abolished. SUMMARY This review aims to summarize and highlight the most recent findings on the role of autophagy in muscle maintenance, the molecular pathways that upregulate autophagy during exercise, and the potential functions of exercise-induced autophagy and mitophagy in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altea Rocchi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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167
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Van Schaardenburgh M, Wohlwend M, Rognmo Ø, Mattsson E. Calf raise exercise increases walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg 2017; 65:1473-1482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Roshanravan B, Gamboa J, Wilund K. Exercise and CKD: Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Practical Application of Exercise to Prevent and Treat Physical Impairments in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 69:837-852. [PMID: 28427790 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease experience substantial loss of muscle mass, weakness, and poor physical performance. As kidney disease progresses, skeletal muscle dysfunction forms a common pathway for mobility limitation, loss of functional independence, and vulnerability to disease complications. Screening for those at high risk for mobility disability by self-reported and objective measures of function is an essential first step in developing an interdisciplinary approach to treatment that includes rehabilitative therapies and counseling on physical activity. Exercise has beneficial effects on systemic inflammation, muscle, and physical performance in chronic kidney disease. Kidney health providers need to identify patient and care delivery barriers to exercise in order to effectively counsel patients on physical activity. A thorough medical evaluation and assessment of baseline function using self-reported and objective function assessment is essential to guide an effective individualized exercise prescription to prevent function decline in persons with kidney disease. This review focuses on the impact of kidney disease on skeletal muscle dysfunction in the context of the disablement process and reviews screening and treatment strategies that kidney health professionals can use in clinical practice to prevent functional decline and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baback Roshanravan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, WA.
| | - Jorge Gamboa
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kenneth Wilund
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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St-Jean-Pelletier F, Pion CH, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Sgarioto N, Zovilé I, Barbat-Artigas S, Reynaud O, Alkaterji F, Lemieux FC, Grenon A, Gaudreau P, Hepple RT, Chevalier S, Belanger M, Morais JA, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Gouspillou G. The impact of ageing, physical activity, and pre-frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and intramyocellular lipids in men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:213-228. [PMID: 27897402 PMCID: PMC5377417 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact impact of ageing on skeletal muscle phenotype and mitochondrial and lipid content remains controversial, probably because physical activity, which greatly influences muscle physiology, is rarely accounted for. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of ageing, physical activity, and pre-frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, and mitochondrial and intramyocellular lipid content in men. METHODS Recreationally active young adult (20-30 yo; YA); active (ACT) and sedentary (SED) middle-age (50-65 yo; MA-ACT and MA-SED); and older (65 + yo; 65 + ACT and 65 + SED) and pre-frail older (65 + PF) men were recruited. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected to assess, on muscle cross sections, muscle phenotype (using myosin heavy chain isoforms immunolabelling), the fibre type-specific content of mitochondria (by quantifying the succinate dehydrogenase stain intensity), and the fibre type-specific lipid content (by quantifying the Oil Red O stain intensity). RESULTS Only 65 + SED and 65 + PF displayed significantly lower overall and type IIa fibre sizes vs. YA. 65 + SED displayed a lower type IIa fibre proportion vs. YA. MA-SED and 65 + SED displayed a higher hybrid type IIa/IIx fibre proportion vs. YA. Sedentary and pre-frail, but not active, men displayed lower mitochondrial content irrespective of fibre type vs. YA. 65 + SED, but not 65 + ACT, displayed a higher lipid content in type I fibres vs. YA. Finally, mitochondrial content, but not lipid content, was positively correlated with indices of muscle function, functional capacity, and insulin sensitivity across all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Taken altogether, our results indicate that ageing in sedentary men is associated with (i) complex changes in muscle phenotype preferentially affecting type IIa fibres; (ii) a decline in mitochondrial content affecting all fibre types; and (iii) an increase in lipid content in type I fibres. They also indicate that physical activity partially protects from the effects of ageing on muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and lipid accumulation. No skeletal specific muscle phenotype of pre-frailty was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix St-Jean-Pelletier
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada
| | - Charlotte H Pion
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Sgarioto
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Igor Zovilé
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Barbat-Artigas
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Reynaud
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Feras Alkaterji
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - François C Lemieux
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Grenon
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Département de Médecine, UdeM, et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'UdeM, Quebec, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Kinesiology and Division of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Belanger
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département de Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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170
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Konopka AR, Laurin JL, Musci RV, Wolff CA, Reid JJ, Biela LM, Zhang Q, Peelor FF, Melby CL, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Influence of Nrf2 activators on subcellular skeletal muscle protein and DNA synthesis rates after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding in older adults. GeroScience 2017; 39:175-186. [PMID: 28283797 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In older adults, chronic oxidative and inflammatory stresses are associated with an impaired increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis after acute anabolic stimuli. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and Protandim have been shown to activate nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for the antioxidant response element and anti-inflammatory pathways. This study tested the hypothesis that compared to a placebo control (CON), CLA and Protandim would increase skeletal muscle subcellular protein (myofibrillar, mitochondrial, cytoplasmic) and DNA synthesis in older adults after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding. CLA decreased oxidative stress and skeletal muscle oxidative damage with a trend to increase messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of a Nrf2 target, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1). However, CLA did not influence other Nrf2 targets (heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1)) or protein or DNA synthesis. Conversely, Protandim increased HO-1 protein content but not the mRNA expression of downstream Nrf2 targets, oxidative stress, or skeletal muscle oxidative damage. Rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis were maintained despite lower mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein syntheses after Protandim versus CON. Similarly, DNA synthesis was non-significantly lower after Protandim compared to CON. After Protandim, the ratio of protein to DNA synthesis tended to be greater in the myofibrillar fraction and maintained in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions, emphasizing the importance of measuring both protein and DNA synthesis to gain insight into proteostasis. Overall, these data suggest that Protandim may enhance proteostatic mechanisms of skeletal muscle contractile proteins after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Konopka
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Jaime L Laurin
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Justin J Reid
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Laurie M Biela
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Fredrick F Peelor
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christopher L Melby
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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171
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Rutherford BR, Taylor WD, Brown PJ, Sneed JR, Roose SP. Biological Aging and the Future of Geriatric Psychiatry. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:343-352. [PMID: 27994004 PMCID: PMC6433424 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the biological bases of aging have intellectually revitalized the field of geriatric psychiatry and broadened its scope to include promoting successful aging and studying resilience factors in older adults. To describe the process by which this paradigm shift has occurred and illustrate its implications for treatment and research of late-life brain disorders, late-life depression is discussed as a prototype case. Prior phases of geriatric psychiatry research were focused on achieving depressive symptom relief, outlining pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between older and younger adults, and identifying moderators of treatment response. Building on this work, current geriatric psychiatry researchers have begun to disentangle the etiologic complexity in late-life depression by focusing on the causative aging-related processes involved, identifying both neurobiological and behavioral intermediates, and finally delineating depression subtypes that are distinguishable by their underlying biology and the treatment approach required. In this review, we discuss several age-related processes that are critical to the development of late-life mood disorders, outline implications of these processes for the clinical evaluation and management of later-life psychiatric disorders, and finally put forth suggestions for better integrating aging and developmental processes into the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret R Rutherford
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care Center
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Joel R Sneed
- Queens College of the City University of New York
| | - Steven P Roose
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute
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172
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Wang E, Nyberg SK, Hoff J, Zhao J, Leivseth G, Tørhaug T, Husby OS, Helgerud J, Richardson RS. Impact of maximal strength training on work efficiency and muscle fiber type in the elderly: Implications for physical function and fall prevention. Exp Gerontol 2017; 91:64-71. [PMID: 28232199 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although aging is typically associated with a decreased efficiency of locomotion, somewhat surprisingly, there is also a reduction in the proportion of less efficient fast-twitch Type II skeletal muscle fibers and subsequently a greater propensity for falls. Maximal strength training (MST), with an emphasis on velocity in the concentric phase, improves maximal strength, the rate of force development (RFD), and work efficiency, but the impact on muscle morphology in the elderly is unknown. Therefore we evaluated force production, walking work efficiency, and muscle morphology in 11 old (72±3years) subjects before and after MST of the legs. Additionally, for reference, the MST-induced morphometric changes were compared with 7 old (74±6years) subjects who performed conventional strength training (CST), with focus on hypertrophy, as well as 13 young (24±2years) controls. As expected, MST in the old improved maximal strength (68%), RFD (48%), and work efficiency (12%), restoring each to a level similar to the young. However, of importance, these MST-induced functional changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the size (66%) and shift toward a larger percentage (56%) of Type II skeletal muscle fibers, mirroring the adaptations in the hypertrophy trained old subjects, with muscle composition now being similar to the young. In conclusion, MST can increase both work efficiency and Type II skeletal muscle fiber size and percentage in the elderly, supporting the potential role of MST as a countermeasure to maintain both physical function and fall prevention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Wang
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Research and Development, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stian Kwak Nyberg
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Hoff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gunnar Leivseth
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Tørhaug
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim, Norway
| | - Otto Schnell Husby
- Department of Orthopedics, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Helgerud
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City VAMC, UT, USA
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Storer TW, Basaria S, Traustadottir T, Harman SM, Pencina K, Li Z, Travison TG, Miciek R, Tsitouras P, Hally K, Huang G, Bhasin S. Effects of Testosterone Supplementation for 3 Years on Muscle Performance and Physical Function in Older Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:583-593. [PMID: 27754805 PMCID: PMC5413164 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Findings of studies of testosterone's effects on muscle strength and physical function in older men have been inconsistent; its effects on muscle power and fatigability have not been studied. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of testosterone administration for 3 years in older men on muscle strength, power, fatigability, and physical function. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of healthy men ≥60 years old with total testosterone levels of 100 to 400 ng/dL or free testosterone levels <50 pg/mL. INTERVENTIONS Random assignment to 7.5 g of 1% testosterone or placebo gel daily for 3 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Loaded and unloaded stair-climbing power, muscle strength, power, and fatigability in leg press and chest press exercises, and lean mass at baseline, 6, 18, and 36 months. RESULTS The groups were similar at baseline. Testosterone administration for 3 years was associated with significantly greater performance in unloaded and loaded stair-climbing power than placebo (mean estimated between-group difference, 10.7 W [95% confidence interval (CI), -4.0 to 25.5], P = 0.026; and 22.4 W [95% CI, 4.6 to 40.3], P = 0.027), respectively. Changes in chest-press strength (estimated mean difference, 16.3 N; 95% CI, 5.5 to 27.1; P < 0.001) and power (mean difference 22.5 W; 95% CI, 7.5 to 37.5; P < 0.001), and leg-press power were significantly greater in men randomized to testosterone than in those randomized to placebo. Lean body mass significantly increased more in the testosterone group. CONCLUSION Compared with placebo, testosterone replacement in older men for 3 years was associated with modest but significantly greater improvements in stair-climbing power, muscle mass, and power. Clinical meaningfulness of these treatment effects and their impact on disability in older adults with functional limitations remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Storer
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Shehzad Basaria
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Tinna Traustadottir
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85016;
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011;
| | - S. Mitchell Harman
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85016;
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona 85012;
| | - Karol Pencina
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Thomas G. Travison
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, Massachusetts 02131
| | - Renee Miciek
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118;
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Panayiotis Tsitouras
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85016;
- DWR Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; and
| | - Kathleen Hally
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Grace Huang
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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174
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Roshanravan B, Patel KV, Fried LF, Robinson-Cohen C, de Boer IH, Harris T, Murphy RA, Satterfield S, Goodpaster BH, Shlipak M, Newman AB, Kestenbaum B. Association of Muscle Endurance, Fatigability, and Strength With Functional Limitation and Mortality in the Health Aging and Body Composition Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:284-291. [PMID: 27907890 PMCID: PMC5233917 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobility limitation is highly prevalent among older adults and is central to the loss of functional independence. Dynamic isokinetic muscle fatigue testing may reveal increased vulnerability to disability and mortality beyond strength testing. METHODS We studied community-dwelling older adults enrolled in the Health Aging and Body Composition study (age range: 71-82) free of mobility disability and who underwent isokinetic muscle fatigue testing in 1999-2000 (n = 1,963). Isokinetic quadriceps work and fatigue index was determined over 30 repetitions and compared with isometric quadriceps maximum torque. Work was normalized to leg lean mass accounting for gender-specific differences (specific work). The primary outcome was incident persistent severe lower extremity limitation (PSLL), defined as two consecutive reports of either having a lot of difficulty or being unable to walk 1/4 mile or climb 10 steps without resting. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS There were 608 (31%) occurrences of incident PSLL and 488 (25%) deaths during median follow-up of 9.3 years. After adjustment, lower isokinetic work was associated with significantly greater risks of PSLL and mortality across the full measured range. Hazard ratios per standard deviation lower specific isokinetic work were 1.22 (95% CI 1.12, 1.33) for PSLL and 1.21 (95% CI 1.13, 1.30) for mortality, respectively. Lower isometric strength was associated with PSLL, but not mortality. Fatigue index was not associated with PSLL or mortality. CONCLUSIONS Muscle endurance, estimated by isokinetic work, is an indicator of muscle health associated with mobility limitation and mortality providing important insight beyond strength testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baback Roshanravan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Kidney Research Institute, Seattle.
| | - Kushang V Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Linda F Fried
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Kidney Research Institute, Seattle
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Kidney Research Institute, Seattle
| | - Tamara Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Suzanne Satterfield
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Florida Hospital & Sanford-Burnham-Presbys Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Orlando
| | - Michael Shlipak
- General Internal Medicine Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, California
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Kidney Research Institute, Seattle
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175
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Fabbri E, Chia CW, Spencer RG, Fishbein KW, Reiter DA, Cameron D, Zane AC, Moore ZA, Gonzalez-Freire M, Zoli M, Studenski SA, Kalyani RR, Egan JM, Ferrucci L. Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Reduced Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity Measured by 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Participants Without Diabetes From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diabetes 2017; 66:170-176. [PMID: 27737951 PMCID: PMC5204309 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whether individuals with insulin resistance (IR) but without criteria for diabetes exhibit reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity is unclear; addressing this question could guide research for new therapeutics. We investigated 248 participants without diabetes from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) to determine whether impaired mitochondrial capacity is associated with prediabetes, IR, and duration and severity of hyperglycemia exposure. Mitochondrial capacity was assessed as the postexercise phosphocreatine recovery time constant (τPCr) by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, with higher τPCr values reflecting reduced capacity. Prediabetes was defined using the American Diabetes Association criteria from fasting and 2-h glucose measurements. IR and sensitivity were calculated using HOMA-IR and Matsuda indices. The duration and severity of hyperglycemia exposure were estimated as the number of years from prediabetes onset and the average oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-h glucose measurement over previous BLSA visits. Covariates included age, sex, body composition, physical activity, and other confounders. Higher likelihood of prediabetes, higher HOMA-IR, and lower Matsuda index were associated with longer τPCr. Among 205 participants with previous OGTT data, greater severity and longer duration of hyperglycemia were independently associated with longer τPC In conclusion, in individuals without diabetes a more impaired mitochondrial capacity is associated with greater IR and a higher likelihood of prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fabbri
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chee W Chia
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard G Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - David A Reiter
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Donnie Cameron
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ariel C Zane
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zenobia A Moore
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marco Zoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephanie A Studenski
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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176
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Gonçalves Mota MP, Santos Z, Soares J, Pereira A, Fonseca S, Peixoto F, Gaivão I, Oliveira M. Oxidative Stress Function in Women over 40 Years of Age, Considering Their Lifestyle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:48. [PMID: 28360887 PMCID: PMC5352663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is dependent on biological processes that determine the aging of the organism at the cellular level. The Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging might explain some of the age-related changes in cell macromolecules. Moreover, exposome and lifestyle may also induce changes in cell damage induced by oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to analyze the related redox changes in lymphocyte function of healthy women over 40 years old. Three groups: younger (YG: 40-49 years), middle aged (MAG: 50-59 years), and older (OG: ≥60 years) were evaluated on anthropometric variables, blood pressure, cardiovascular fitness, lifestyle habits, perceived stress, DNA damage, malondialdehyde, catalase activity, and total antioxidant capacity. Physical activity and cardiovascular fitness were significantly higher in YG and MAG as compared to the OG. Systolic blood pressure increased significantly with group age. Frequency and total amount of alcohol intake were lower in the OG and higher in the MAG. No significant differences were observed between the three groups in oxidative stress parameters. Only alcohol consumption was associated with the higher DNA FPG-sensitive sites, and only in the YG (p < 0.05). Healthy lifestyle is critical to avoiding major ailments associated with aging. This may be inferred from the lack of significant differences in the various oxidative stress parameters measured in the healthy women over the age of 40 who took part in the study. Conscious lifestyle behaviors (decrease in alcohol and smoking habits) could have impaired the expected age-related oxidative stress increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Gonçalves Mota
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Maria Paula Gonçalves Mota,
| | - Zirlene Santos
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty Metodista Granbery, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Jorge Soares
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Science, School of Education, Research Centre in Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, Setubal, Portugal
| | - Sandra Fonseca
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Oliveira
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre, Vila Real, Portugal
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177
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Layne AS, Hsu FC, Blair SN, Chen SH, Dungan J, Fielding RA, Glynn NW, Hajduk AM, King AC, Manini TM, Marsh AP, Pahor M, Pellegrini CA, Buford TW. Predictors of Change in Physical Function in Older Adults in Response to Long-Term, Structured Physical Activity: The LIFE Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98:11-24.e3. [PMID: 27568165 PMCID: PMC5183463 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the extent of variability in functional responses in participants in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study and to identify the relative contributions of intervention adherence, physical activity, and demographic and health characteristics to this variability. DESIGN Secondary analysis. SETTING Multicenter institutions. PARTICIPANTS A volunteer sample (N=1635) of sedentary men and women aged 70 to 89 years who were able to walk 400m but had physical limitations, defined as a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score of ≤9. INTERVENTIONS Moderate-intensity physical activity (n=818) consisting of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises performed both center-based (2times/wk) and home-based (3-4times/wk) sessions or health education program (n=817) consisting of weekly to monthly workshops covering relevant health information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Physical function (gait speed over 400m) and lower extremity function (SPPB score) assessed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS Greater baseline physical function (gait speed, SPPB score) was negatively associated with change in gait speed (regression coefficient β=-.185; P<.001) and change in SPPB score (β=-.365; P<.001), whereas higher number of steps per day measured by accelerometry was positively associated with change in gait speed (β=.035; P<.001) and change in SPPB score (β=.525; P<.001). Other baseline factors associated with positive change in gait speed and/or SPPB score include younger age (P<.001), lower body mass index (P<.001), and higher self-reported physical activity (P=.002). CONCLUSIONS Several demographic and physical activity-related factors were associated with the extent of change in functional outcomes in participants in the LIFE study. These factors should be considered when designing interventions for improving physical function in older adults with limited mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Layne
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Department of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Shyh-Huei Chen
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise, Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alexandra M Hajduk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
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178
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Sparks LM, Redman LM, Conley KE, Harper ME, Hodges A, Eroshkin A, Costford SR, Gabriel ME, Yi F, Shook C, Cornnell HH, Ravussin E, Smith SR. Differences in Mitochondrial Coupling Reveal a Novel Signature of Mitohormesis in Muscle of Healthy Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:4994-5003. [PMID: 27710240 PMCID: PMC5155692 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Reduced mitochondrial coupling (ATP/O2 [P/O]) is associated with sedentariness and insulin resistance. Interpreting the physiological relevance of P/O measured in vitro is challenging. OBJECTIVE To evaluate muscle mitochondrial function and associated transcriptional profiles in nonobese healthy individuals distinguished by their in vivo P/O. DESIGN Individuals from an ancillary study of Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy phase 2 were assessed at baseline. SETTING The study was performed at Pennington Biomedical Research Center. PARTICIPANTS Forty-seven (18 males, 26-50 y of age) sedentary, healthy nonobese individuals were divided into 2 groups based on their in vivo P/O. INTERVENTION None. Main Outcome(s): Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, in vivo mitochondrial function (P/O and maximal ATP synthetic capacity) by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy were measured. A muscle biopsy was performed to measure fiber type, transcriptional profiling (microarray), and protein expressions. RESULTS No differences in body composition, peak aerobic capacity, type I fiber content, or mitochondrial DNA copy number were observed between the 2 groups. Compared with the uncoupled group (lower P/O), the coupled group (higher P/O) had higher rates of maximal ATP synthetic capacity (maximal ATP synthetic capacity, P < .01). Transcriptomics analyses revealed higher expressions of genes involved in mitochondrial remodeling and the oxidative stress response in the coupled group. A trend for higher mitonuclear protein imbalance (P = .06) and an elevated mitochondrial unfolded protein response (heat shock protein 60 protein; P = .004) were also identified in the coupled group. CONCLUSIONS Higher muscle mitochondrial coupling is accompanied by an overall elevation in mitochondrial function, a novel transcriptional signature of oxidative stress and mitochondrial remodeling and indications of an mitochondrial unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Kevin E Conley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Andrew Hodges
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Alexey Eroshkin
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Sheila R Costford
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Meghan E Gabriel
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Cherie Shook
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Heather H Cornnell
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes (L.M.S., F.Y., C.S., H.H.C., S.R.S.), Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804; Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease (L.M.S., M.E.G., S.R.S.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (L.M.R., E.R.), Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; Departments of Radiology, Physiology and Biophysics, and Bioengineering (K.E.C.), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.-E.H.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioinformatics Core (A.H., A.E.), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and Hospital for Sick Children (S.R.C.), Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
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179
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Cesari M, Nobili A, Vitale G. Frailty and sarcopenia: From theory to clinical implementation and public health relevance. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 35:1-9. [PMID: 27491586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sustainability of healthcare systems is threatened by the increasing (absolute and relative) number of older persons referring to clinical services. Such global phenomenon is questioning the traditional paradigms of medicine, pushing towards the need of new criteria at the basis of clinical decision algorithms. In this context, frailty has been advocated as a geriatric condition potentially capable of overcoming the weakness of chronological age in the identification of individuals requiring adapted care due to their increased vulnerability to stressors. Interestingly, frailty poses itself beyond the concept of nosological conditions due to the difficulties at correctly framing traditional diseases in the complex and heterogeneous scenario of elders. Thus, frailty may play a key role in public health policies for promoting integrated care towards biologically aged individuals, currently presenting multiple unmet clinical needs. At the same time, the term frailty has also been frequently used in the literature for framing a physical condition of risk for (mainly functional) negative endpoints. The combination of such physical impairment with an organ-specific phenotype (e.g., the age-related skeletal muscle decline or sarcopenia) may determine the assumptions for the development of a clinical condition to be used as potential target for ad hoc interventions against physical disability. In the present article, we present the background of frailty and sarcopenia, and discuss their potentialities for reshaping current clinical and research practice in order to promote holistic approach to older patients, solicit personalization of care, and develop new targets for innovative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Alessandro Nobili
- Laboratorio di Valutazione della Qualità delle Cure e dei Servizi per l'Anziano, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità (DISCCO), Università di Milano, Milano, Italy; Laboratorio di Ricerche Endocrino-Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milano, Italy
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180
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Salin K, Auer SK, Rudolf AM, Anderson GJ, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Variation in Metabolic Rate among Individuals Is Related to Tissue-Specific Differences in Mitochondrial Leak Respiration. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:511-523. [DOI: 10.1086/688769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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181
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Brown PJ, Rutherford BR, Yaffe K, Tandler JM, Ray JL, Pott E, Chung S, Roose SP. The Depressed Frail Phenotype: The Clinical Manifestation of Increased Biological Aging. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:1084-1094. [PMID: 27618646 PMCID: PMC5069140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression in later life is a severe public health problem, associated with higher rates of mortality, suicide, and dementia. Effectiveness of treatment is limited by the failure to deconstruct the heterogeneity of the illness and because diagnostic criteria, pathophysiological models, and treatment algorithms for depression are primarily based on studies of younger adults even though symptoms of the illness and physiology of the patient change with age. Thus, understanding how aging interacts with depressive illness may elucidate endophenotypes of late-life depression with different clinical manifestations and underlying mechanisms that can then be targeted with more personalized approaches to treatment. This paper proposes a model for the critical confluence between depression and frailty, a high-risk morbidity and mortality syndrome of later life. This model hypothesizes that characteristics of frailty in adults with late life depression represent the clinical manifestation of greater biological aging and their presence in the context of a depressive illness exposes elders to deleterious trajectories. Potential common biological substrates that may result in the manifestation of the depressed frail phenotype including mitochondrial functioning, dopaminergic neurotransmission, and inflammatory processes and implications for the assessment and treatment of adults with late-life depression are discussed. As society continues to live longer, the preservation of the quality of these added years becomes paramount, and the combined impact of depression and frailty on the preservation of this quality warrants the attention of clinical researchers and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Brown
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Bret R. Rutherford
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Neurology, Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Pott
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Sarah Chung
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Steven P. Roose
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
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182
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Coto-Montes A, Boga JA, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin as a Potential Agent in the Treatment of Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101771. [PMID: 27783055 PMCID: PMC5085795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the increased speed at which the world population is aging, sarcopenia could become an epidemic in this century. This condition currently has no means of prevention or treatment. Melatonin is a highly effective and ubiquitously acting antioxidant and free radical scavenger that is normally produced in all organisms. This molecule has been implicated in a huge number of biological processes, from anticonvulsant properties in children to protective effects on the lung in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we summarize the data which suggest that melatonin may be beneficial in attenuating, reducing or preventing each of the symptoms that characterize sarcopenia. The findings are not limited to sarcopenia, but also apply to osteoporosis-related sarcopenia and to age-related neuromuscular junction dysfunction. Since melatonin has a high safety profile and is drastically reduced in advanced age, its potential utility in the treatment of sarcopenic patients and related dysfunctions should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Medicine Faculty, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria, s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Jose A Boga
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, Oviedo 33011, Spain.
| | - Dun X Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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183
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Horiuchi M, Handa Y, Abe D, Fukuoka Y. Walking economy at simulated high altitude in human healthy young male lowlanders. Biol Open 2016; 5:1408-1414. [PMID: 27744292 PMCID: PMC5087691 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured oxygen consumption during walking per unit distance (Cw) values for 12 human healthy young males at six speeds from 0.667 to 1.639 m s−1 (four min per stage) on a level gradient under normobaric normoxia, moderate hypoxia (15% O2), and severe hypoxia (11% O2). Muscle deoxygenation (HHb) was measured at the vastus lateralis muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy. Economical speed which can minimize the Cw in each individual was calculated from a U-shaped relationship. We found a significantly slower economical speed (ES) under severe hypoxia [1.237 (0.056) m s−1; mean (s.d.)] compared to normoxia [1.334 (0.070) m s−1] and moderate hypoxia [1.314 (0.070) m s−1, P<0.05 respectively] with no differences between normoxia and moderate hypoxia (P>0.05). HHb gradually increased with increasing speed under severe hypoxia, while it did not increase under normoxia and moderate hypoxia. Changes in HHb between standing baseline and the final minute at faster gait speeds were significantly related to individual ES (r=0.393 at 1.250 m s−1, r=0.376 at 1.444 m s−1, and r=0.409 at 1.639 m s−1, P<0.05, respectively). These results suggested that acute severe hypoxia slowed ES by ∼8%, but moderate hypoxia left ES unchanged. Summary: Acute severe hypoxia slowed the economical speed (ES) which can minimize energy cost of walking. Muscle O2 extraction may be one of the determining factors of an individual's ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Horiuchi
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mt. Fuji Research Institute, Kami-yoshida 5597-1, Fuji-yoshida-city, Yamanashi 4030005, Japan
| | - Yoko Handa
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mt. Fuji Research Institute, Kami-yoshida 5597-1, Fuji-yoshida-city, Yamanashi 4030005, Japan
| | - Daijiro Abe
- Center for Health and Sports Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, Matsukadai 2-3-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 8138503, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukuoka
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Tatara 1-3, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 6100394, Japan
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184
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Conley KE. Mitochondria to motion: optimizing oxidative phosphorylation to improve exercise performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:243-9. [PMID: 26792336 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria oxidize substrates to generate the ATP that fuels muscle contraction and locomotion. This review focuses on three steps in oxidative phosphorylation that have independent roles in setting the overall mitochondrial ATP flux and thereby have direct impact on locomotion. The first is the electron transport chain, which sets the pace for oxidation. New studies indicate that the electron transport chain capacity per mitochondria declines with age and disease, but can be revived by both acute and chronic treatments. The resulting higher ATP production is reflected in improved muscle power output and locomotory performance. The second step is the coupling of ATP supply from O2 uptake (mitochondrial coupling efficiency). Treatments that elevate mitochondrial coupling raise both exercise efficiency and the capacity for sustained exercise in both young and old muscle. The final step is ATP synthesis itself, which is under dynamic control at multiple sites to provide the 50-fold range of ATP flux between resting muscle and exercise at the mitochondrial capacity. Thus, malleability at sites in these subsystems of oxidative phosphorylation has an impact on ATP flux, with direct effects on exercise performance. Interventions are emerging that target these three independent subsystems to provide many paths to improve ATP flux and elevate the muscle performance lost to inactivity, age or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Conley
- Departments of Radiology, Physiology & Biophysics, and Bioengineering, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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185
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Liu J, Liang X, Zhou D, Lai L, Xiao L, Liu L, Fu T, Kong Y, Zhou Q, Vega RB, Zhu MS, Kelly DP, Gao X, Gan Z. Coupling of mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle fiber type by a miR-499/Fnip1/AMPK circuit. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1212-1228. [PMID: 27506764 PMCID: PMC5048369 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon adaption of skeletal muscle to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli, muscle fiber type and mitochondrial function are coordinately regulated. Recent studies have identified pathways involved in control of contractile proteins of oxidative-type fibers. However, the mechanism for coupling of mitochondrial function to the muscle contractile machinery during fiber type transition remains unknown. Here, we show that the expression of the genes encoding type I myosins, Myh7/Myh7b and their intronic miR-208b/miR-499, parallels mitochondrial function during fiber type transitions. Using in vivo approaches in mice, we found that miR-499 drives a PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial oxidative metabolism program to match shifts in slow-twitch muscle fiber composition. Mechanistically, miR-499 directly targets Fnip1, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-interacting protein that negatively regulates AMPK, a known activator of PGC-1α. Inhibition of Fnip1 reactivated AMPK/PGC-1α signaling and mitochondrial function in myocytes. Restoration of the expression of miR-499 in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) reduced the severity of DMD Thus, we have identified a miR-499/Fnip1/AMPK circuit that can serve as a mechanism to couple muscle fiber type and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lai
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Liwei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rick B Vega
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenji Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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186
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Ortmeyer HK, Ryan AS, Hafer-Macko C, Oursler KK. Skeletal muscle cellular metabolism in older HIV-infected men. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/9/e12794. [PMID: 27166139 PMCID: PMC4873639 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to low aerobic capacity. We previously reported 40% lower aerobic capacity in HIV-infected men compared to noninfected age-matched men. The objective of this study was to compare skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activities in HIV-infected men on antiretroviral therapy (55 ± 1 years of age, n = 10 African American men) with age-matched controls (55 ± 1 years of age, n = 8 Caucasian men), and determine their relationship with aerobic capacity. Activity assays for mitochondrial function including enzymes involved in fatty acid activation and oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation, were performed in homogenates prepared from vastus lateralis muscle. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cardiolipin, and oxidized cardiolipin were also measured. β-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) (38%) and citrate synthase (77%) activities were significantly lower, and H2O2 (1.4-fold) and oxidized cardiolipin (1.8-fold) were significantly higher in HIV-infected men. VO2peak (mL/kg FFM/min) was 33% lower in HIV-infected men and was directly related to β-HAD and citrate synthase activity and inversely related to H2O2 and oxidized cardiolipin. Older HIV-infected men have reduced oxidative enzyme activity and increased oxidative stress compared to age-matched controls. Further research is crucial to determine whether an increase in aerobic capacity by exercise training will be sufficient to restore mitochondrial function in older HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi K Ortmeyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alice S Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland Veterans Affairs Research Service, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charlene Hafer-Macko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland Departments of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - KrisAnn K Oursler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland
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187
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Javadov S, Jang S, Rodriguez-Reyes N, Rodriguez-Zayas AE, Soto Hernandez J, Krainz T, Wipf P, Frontera W. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant preserves contractile properties and mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle in aged rats. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39469-81. [PMID: 26415224 PMCID: PMC4741839 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia associated with a loss of mass and activity of skeletal muscle. In addition to energy deprivation, increased mitochondrial ROS damage proteins and lipids in aged skeletal muscle. Therefore, prevention of mitochondrial ROS is important for potential therapeutic strategies to delay sarcopenia. This study elucidates the pharmacological efficiency of the new developed mitochondria-targeted ROS and electron scavenger, XJB-5-131 (XJB) to restore muscle contractility and mitochondrial function in aged skeletal muscle. Male adult (5-month old) and aged (29-month old) Fischer Brown Norway (F344/BN) rats were treated with XJB for four weeks and contractile properties of single skeletal muscle fibres and activity of mitochondrial ETC complexes were determined at the end of the treatment period. XJB-treated old rats showed higher muscle contractility associated with prevention of protein oxidation in both muscle homogenate and mitochondria compared with untreated counterparts. XJB-treated animals demonstrated a high activity of the respiratory complexes I, III, and IV with no changes in citrate synthase activity. These data demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS play a causal role in muscle weakness, and that a ROS scavenger specifically targeted to mitochondria can reverse age-related alterations of mitochondrial function and improve contractile properties in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - Ana E Rodriguez-Zayas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Jessica Soto Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Tanja Krainz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter Frontera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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188
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Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease and Supplemental Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Use on Exercise Levels During Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2016; 37:199-206. [PMID: 27496249 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The correlation between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increased cardiovascular disease-related mortality is well established. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves exercise capacity, quality of life, and risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Data on the benefits of CR in patients with CKD are sparse. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes after CR in patients with CAD but normal renal function, versus those with CAD and CKD. METHODS We studied 804 patients with CAD entering an exercise-based CR program. Demographics, risk factors, exercise capacity in metabolic equivalent levels (METs), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were recorded before and after the 3-month CR program. Use of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was determined by medical records review. Stage III-V CKD (GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m) was present in 170 patients at baseline. RESULTS After CR, METs improved in all patients, although increases in patients with a GFR 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m (Δ1.6) and a GFR <30 (Δ1.2) were smaller than those in patients with a GFR ≥60 (Δ2.6, P < .05 vs GFR 30-59 and GFR <30). In patients with a GFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m, PUFA use was associated with a 20% greater increase in MET levels compared with nonusers (Δ3.0 vs Δ2.5, P = .02); and in patients with a GFR 30 to 59, PUFA use was associated with 30% increase in MET level compared with nonusers (Δ2.0 vs Δ1.4, P = .03). These observations persisted after multivariable adjustment for baseline MET level, demographics, and risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Potential mitigation by PUFA of the smaller improvement in exercise capacity with decreasing GFR requires confirmation in prospective randomized trials.
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189
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Layec G, Gifford JR, Trinity JD, Hart CR, Garten RS, Park SY, Le Fur Y, Jeong EK, Richardson RS. Accuracy and precision of quantitative 31P-MRS measurements of human skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E358-66. [PMID: 27302751 PMCID: PMC5005269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00028.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although theoretically sound, the accuracy and precision of (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) approaches to quantitatively estimate mitochondrial capacity are not well documented. Therefore, employing four differing models of respiratory control [linear, kinetic, and multipoint adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphorylation potential], this study sought to determine the accuracy and precision of (31)P-MRS assessments of peak mitochondrial adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis rate utilizing directly measured peak respiration (State 3) in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers. In 23 subjects of different fitness levels, (31)P-MRS during a 24-s maximal isometric knee extension and high-resolution respirometry in muscle fibers from the vastus lateralis was performed. Although significantly correlated with State 3 respiration (r = 0.72), both the linear (45 ± 13 mM/min) and phosphorylation potential (47 ± 16 mM/min) models grossly overestimated the calculated in vitro peak ATP synthesis rate (P < 0.05). Of the ADP models, the kinetic model was well correlated with State 3 respiration (r = 0.72, P < 0.05), but moderately overestimated ATP synthesis rate (P < 0.05), while the multipoint model, although being somewhat less well correlated with State 3 respiration (r = 0.55, P < 0.05), most accurately reflected peak ATP synthesis rate. Of note, the PCr recovery time constant (τ), a qualitative index of mitochondrial capacity, exhibited the strongest correlation with State 3 respiration (r = 0.80, P < 0.05). Therefore, this study reveals that each of the (31)P-MRS data analyses, including PCr τ, exhibit precision in terms of mitochondrial capacity. As only the multipoint ADP model did not overstimate the peak skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP synthesis, the multipoint ADP model is the only quantitative approach to exhibit both accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Layec
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Corey R Hart
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Song Y Park
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7339, Marseille, France
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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190
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Ferrucci L. Commentary: Life course epidemiology embraces geroscience. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1015-1019. [PMID: 27880694 PMCID: PMC5841629 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging - NIH, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224 USA. E-mail:
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191
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Angulo J, El Assar M, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Frailty and sarcopenia as the basis for the phenotypic manifestation of chronic diseases in older adults. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:1-32. [PMID: 27370407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a functional status that precedes disability and is characterized by decreased functional reserve and increased vulnerability. In addition to disability, the frailty phenotype predicts falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and mortality. Frailty is the consequence of the interaction between the aging process and some chronic diseases and conditions that compromise functional systems and finally produce sarcopenia. Many of the clinical manifestations of frailty are explained by sarcopenia which is closely related to poor physical performance. Reduced regenerative capacity, malperfusion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation compose the sarcopenic skeletal muscle alterations associated to the frailty phenotype. Inflammation appears as a common determinant for chronic diseases, sarcopenia and frailty. The strategies to prevent the frailty phenotype include an adequate amount of physical activity and exercise as well as pharmacological interventions such as myostatin inhibitors and specific androgen receptor modulators. Cell response to stress pathways such as Nrf2, sirtuins and klotho could be considered as future therapeutic interventions for the management of frailty phenotype and aging-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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192
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Fried LP. Interventions for Human Frailty: Physical Activity as a Model. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a025916. [PMID: 27143701 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last 100 years, populations in developed countries have experienced an unprecedented addition of 30 years to life expectancy. Developing countries are now experiencing this same phenomenon, but over a shorter time frame. With this success comes the challenge of maximizing health and vitality across these added years. The compression of morbidity to the latest point in the human life span could unleash a sustained third demographic dividend that benefits all of society. To accomplish this, society needs to invest in the prevention and treatment of frailty, as well as in the prevention of chronic diseases at every age and stage of life. A model intervention, physical activity, may offer a road map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P Fried
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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193
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Molina AJA, Bharadwaj MS, Van Horn C, Nicklas BJ, Lyles MF, Eggebeen J, Haykowsky MJ, Brubaker PH, Kitzman DW. Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Content, Oxidative Capacity, and Mfn2 Expression Are Reduced in Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction and Are Related to Exercise Intolerance. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2016; 4:636-45. [PMID: 27179829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine skeletal muscle mitochondria content, oxidative capacity, and the expression of key mitochondrial dynamics proteins in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), as well as to determine potential relationships with measures of exercise performance. BACKGROUND Multiple lines of evidence indicate that severely reduced peak exercise oxygen uptake (peak VO2) in older patients with HFpEF is related to abnormal skeletal muscle oxygen utilization. Mitochondria are key regulators of skeletal muscle metabolism; however, little is known about how these organelles are affected in HFpEF. METHODS Both vastus lateralis skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity and the expression of porin and regulators of mitochondrial fusion were examined in older patients with HFpEF (n = 20) and healthy, age-matched control subjects (n = 17). RESULTS Compared with age-matched healthy control subjects, mitochondrial content assessed by porin expression was 46% lower (p = 0.01), citrate synthase activity was 29% lower (p = 0.01), and Mfn2 (mitofusin 2) expression was 54% lower (p <0.001) in patients with HFpEF. Expression of porin was significantly positively correlated with both peak VO2 and 6-min walk distance (r = 0.48, p = 0.003 and r = 0.33, p = 0.05, respectively). Expression of Mfn2 was also significantly positively correlated with both peak VO2 and 6-min walk distance (r = 0.40, p = 0.02 and r = 0.37, p = 0.03 respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, mitochondrial content, and mitochondrial fusion are abnormal in older patients with HFpEF and might contribute to their severe exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J A Molina
- Gerontology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Gerontology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia Van Horn
- Gerontology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Gerontology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mary F Lyles
- Gerontology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Joel Eggebeen
- Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mark J Haykowsky
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Peter H Brubaker
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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194
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Brioche T, Pagano AF, Py G, Chopard A. Muscle wasting and aging: Experimental models, fatty infiltrations, and prevention. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:56-87. [PMID: 27106402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of cost-effective interventions to maintain muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance during muscle wasting and aging is an important public health challenge. It requires understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Muscle-deconditioning processes have been deciphered by means of several experimental models, bringing together the opportunities to devise comprehensive analysis of muscle wasting. Studies have increasingly recognized the importance of fatty infiltrations or intermuscular adipose tissue for the age-mediated loss of skeletal-muscle function and emphasized that this new important factor is closely linked to inactivity. The present review aims to address three main points. We first mainly focus on available experimental models involving cell, animal, or human experiments on muscle wasting. We next point out the role of intermuscular adipose tissue in muscle wasting and aging and try to highlight new findings concerning aging and muscle-resident mesenchymal stem cells called fibro/adipogenic progenitors by linking some cellular players implicated in both FAP fate modulation and advancing age. In the last part, we review the main data on the efficiency and molecular and cellular mechanisms by which exercise, replacement hormone therapies, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate prevent muscle wasting and sarcopenia. Finally, we will discuss a potential therapeutic target of sarcopenia: glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France.
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
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195
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Choi S, Reiter DA, Shardell M, Simonsick EM, Studenski S, Spencer RG, Fishbein KW, Ferrucci L. 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Assessment of Muscle Bioenergetics as a Predictor of Gait Speed in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1638-1645. [PMID: 27075894 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic fitness and muscle bioenergetic capacity decline with age; whether such declines explain age-related slowing of walking speed is unclear. We hypothesized that muscle energetics and aerobic capacity are independent correlates of walking speed in simple and challenging performance tests and that they account for the observed age-related decline in walking speed in these same tests. METHODS Muscle bioenergetics was assessed as postexercise recovery rate of phosphocreatine (PCr), k PCr, using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in 126 participants (53 men) of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging aged 26-91 years (mean = 72 years). Four walking tasks were administered-usual pace over 6 m and 150 seconds and fast pace over 6 m and 400 m. Separately, aerobic fitness was assessed as peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) using a graded treadmill test. RESULTS All gait speeds, k PCr, and peak VO2 were lower with older age. Independent of age, sex, height, and weight, both k PCr and peak VO2 were positively and significantly associated with fast pace and long distance walking but only peak VO2 and not k PCr was significantly associated with usual gait speed over 6 m. Both k PCr and peak VO2 substantially attenuated the association between age and gait speed for all but the least stressful walking task of 6 m at usual pace. CONCLUSION Muscle bioenergetics assessed using 31P-MRS is highly correlated with walking speed and partially explains age-related poorer performance in fast and long walking tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Reiter
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Richard G Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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196
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The relationship between mitochondrial function and walking performance in older adults with a wide range of physical function. Exp Gerontol 2016; 81:1-7. [PMID: 27084585 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age related declines in walking performance may be partly attributable to skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction as mitochondria produce over 90% of ATP needed for movement and the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation decreases with age. METHODS Participants were from two studies: an ancillary to the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study (n=33), which recruited lower functioning participants (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], 7.8±1.2), and the Study of Energy and Aging-Pilot (SEA, n=29), which enrolled higher functioning (SPPB, 10.8±1.4). Physical activity was measured objectively using the Actigraph accelerometer (LIFE) and SenseWear Pro armband (SEA). Phosphocreatine recovery following muscle contraction of the quadriceps was measured using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ATPmax (mM ATP/s) was calculated. Walking performance was defined as time (s) to walk 400m at a usual-pace. The cross-sectional association between mitochondrial function and walking performance was assessed using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Participants were 77.6±5.3years, 64.2% female and 67.2% white. ATPmax was similar in LIFE vs. SEA (0.52±0.14 vs. 0.55±0.14, p=0.31), despite different function and activity levels (1.6±2.2 vs.77.4±73.3min of moderate activity/day, p<0.01). Higher ATPmax was related to faster walk-time in SEA (r(2)=0.19, p=0.02,); but not the LIFE (r(2)<0.01, p=0.74) cohort. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial function was associated with walking performance in higher functioning, active older adults, but not lower functioning, sedentary older adults.
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197
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Campbell MD, Marcinek DJ. Evaluation of in vivo mitochondrial bioenergetics in skeletal muscle using NMR and optical methods. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:716-724. [PMID: 26708941 PMCID: PMC4788529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is now clear that mitochondria are involved as either a cause or consequence of many chronic diseases. This central role of the mitochondria is due to their position in the cell as important integrators of cellular energetics and signaling. Mitochondrial function affects many aspects of the cellular environment such as redox homeostasis and calcium signaling, which then also exert control over mitochondrial function. This complex dynamic between mitochondrial function and the cellular environment highlights the value of examining mitochondria in vivo in the intact physiological environment. This review discusses NMR and optical approaches used to measure mitochondria ATP and oxygen fluxes that provide in vivo measures of mitochondrial capacity and quality in animal and human models. Combining these in vivo measurements with more traditional ex vivo analyses can lead to new insights into the importance of the cellular environment in controlling mitochondrial function under pathological conditions. Interpretation and underlying assumptions for each technique are discussed with the goal of providing an overview of some of the most common approaches used to measure in vivo mitochondrial function encountered in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Campbell
- University of Washington, Seattle, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - David J Marcinek
- University of Washington, Seattle, 850 Republican St., Brotman D142, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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198
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Abstract
Sarcopenia is now clinically defined as a loss of muscle mass coupled with functional deterioration (either walking speed or distance or grip strength). Based on the FRAX studies suggesting that the questions without bone mineral density can be used to screen for osteoporosis, there is now a valid simple questionnaire to screen for sarcopenia, i.e., the SARC-F. Numerous factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. These include genetic factors, mitochondrial defects, decreased anabolic hormones (e.g., testosterone, vitamin D, growth hormone and insulin growth hormone-1), inflammatory cytokine excess, insulin resistance, decreased protein intake and activity, poor blood flow to muscle and deficiency of growth derived factor-11. Over the last decade, there has been a remarkable increase in our understanding of the molecular biology of muscle, resulting in a marked increase in potential future targets for the treatment of sarcopenia. At present, resistance exercise, protein supplementation, and vitamin D have been established as the basic treatment of sarcopenia. High-dose testosterone increases muscle power and function, but has a number of potentially limiting side effects. Other drugs in clinical development include selective androgen receptor molecules, ghrelin agonists, myostatin antibodies, activin IIR antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta antagonists, and fast skeletal muscle troponin activators. As sarcopenia is a major predictor of frailty, hip fracture, disability, and mortality in older persons, the development of drugs to treat it is eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., M238, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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199
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Salin K, Auer SK, Anderson GJ, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Inadequate food intake at high temperatures is related to depressed mitochondrial respiratory capacity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1356-62. [PMID: 26944497 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.133025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Animals, especially ectotherms, are highly sensitive to the temperature of their surrounding environment. Extremely high temperature, for example, induces a decline of average performance of conspecifics within a population, but individual heterogeneity in the ability to cope with elevating temperatures has rarely been studied. Here, we examined inter-individual variation in feeding ability and consequent growth rate of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta acclimated to a high temperature (19°C), and investigated the relationship between these metrics of whole-animal performances and among-individual variation in mitochondrial respiration capacity. Food was provided ad libitum, yet intake varied ten-fold amongst individuals, resulting in some fish losing weight whilst others continued to grow. Almost half of the variation in food intake was related to variability in mitochondrial capacity: low intake (and hence growth failure) was associated with high leak respiration rates within liver and muscle mitochondria, and a lower coupling of muscle mitochondria. These observations, combined with the inability of fish with low food consumption to increase their intake despite ad libitum food levels, suggest a possible insufficient capacity of the mitochondria for maintaining ATP homeostasis. Individual variation in thermal performance is likely to confer variation in the upper limit of an organism's thermal niche and might affect the structure of wild populations in warming environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Salin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graeme J Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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200
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Wong TC, Chen YT, Wu PY, Chen TW, Chen HH, Chen TH, Hsu YH, Yang SH. Ratio of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids-independent determinants of muscle mass-in hemodialysis patients with diabetes. Nutrition 2016; 32:989-94. [PMID: 27157471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients in the human diet and possibly affect muscle mass. We evaluated the association between the dietary ratios of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and muscle mass, indicated as skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), in patients with diabetes undergoing hemodialysis (HD). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data on 69 patients with diabetes who underwent standard HD therapy were analyzed. For estimating muscle mass, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analyses were conducted following dialysis. In addition, routine laboratory and 3-d dietary data were obtained. The adequate intake (AI) cut-off for ω-3 PUFAs was 1.6 g/d and 1.1 g/d for male and female patients, respectively. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 63.0 ± 10.4 y. The mean ratios of ω-3/ω-6 PUFA intake, ω-6/ω-3 PUFA intake, SMM, and ASM of the patients were 0.13 ± 0.07, 9.4 ± 6.4, 24.6 ± 5.4 kg, and 18.3 ± 4.6 kg, respectively. Patients who had AI of ω-3 PUFAs had significantly higher SMM and ASM than did their counterparts. Linear and stepwise multivariable adjustment analyses revealed that insulin resistance and the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio were the independent deleterious determinants of ASM normalized to height in HD patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AI of ω-3 PUFAs had total-body SMM and ASM that were more appropriate. A higher dietary ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs was associated with reduced muscle mass in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chih Wong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tong Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzen-Wen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shwu-Huey Yang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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