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Melatonin Deficiency Confers Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Rice via Decreased Brassinosteroid Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205173. [PMID: 31635310 PMCID: PMC6834310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has long been recognized as a positive signaling molecule and potent antioxidant in plants, which alleviates damage caused by adverse conditions such as salt, cold, and heat stress. In this study, we found a paradoxical role for melatonin in abiotic stress responses. Suppression of the serotonin N-acetyltransferase 2 (snat2) gene encoding the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis led to simultaneous decreases in both melatonin and brassinosteroid (BR) levels, causing a semi-dwarf with erect leaf phenotype, typical of BR deficiency. Here, we further characterized snat2 rice in terms of grain morphology and abiotic stress tolerance, to determine whether snat2 rice exhibited characteristics similar to those of BR-deficient rice. As expected, the snat2 rice exhibited tolerance to multiple stress conditions including cadmium, salt, cold, and heat, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased chlorophyll levels, in contrast with SNAT2 overexpression lines, which were less tolerant to stress than wild type plants. In addition, the length and width of grain from snat2 plants were reduced relative to the wild type, which is reminiscent of BR deficiency in rice. Other melatonin-deficient mutant rice lines with suppressed BR synthesis (i.e., comt and t5h) also showed tolerance to salt and heat stress, whereas melatonin-deficient rice seedlings without decreased BR levels (i.e., tdc) failed to exhibit increased stress tolerance, suggesting that stress tolerance was increased not by melatonin deficiency alone, but by a melatonin deficiency-mediated decrease in BR.
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152
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Abscisic Acid Represses Rice Lamina Joint Inclination by Antagonizing Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194908. [PMID: 31623350 PMCID: PMC6801706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle is a key parameter that determines plant architecture and crop yield. Hormonal crosstalk involving brassinosteroid (BR) plays an essential role in leaf angle regulation in cereals. In this study, we investigated whether abscisic acid (ABA), an important stress-responsive hormone, co-regulates lamina joint inclination together with BR, and, if so, what the underlying mechanism is. Therefore, lamina joint inclination assay and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis were performed here. ABA antagonizes the promotive effect of BR on leaf angle. Hundreds of genes responsive to both hormones that are involved in leaf-angle determination were identified by RNA-Seq and the expression of a gene subset was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results from analysis of rice mutants or transgenic lines affected in BR biosynthesis and signaling indicated that ABA antagonizes the effect of BR on lamina joint inclination by targeting the BR biosynthesis gene D11 and BR signaling genes GSK2 and DLT, thus forming a multi-level regulatory module that controls leaf angle in rice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that BR and ABA antagonistically regulate lamina joint inclination in rice, thus contributing to the elucidation of the complex hormonal interaction network that optimizes leaf angle in rice.
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153
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Ji H, Han CD, Lee GS, Jung KH, Kang DY, Oh J, Oh H, Cheon KS, Kim SL, Choi I, Baek J, Kim KH. Mutations in the microRNA172 binding site of SUPERNUMERARY BRACT (SNB) suppress internode elongation in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:62. [PMID: 31399805 PMCID: PMC6689044 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internode elongation is an important agronomic trait in rice that determines culm length, which is related to lodging, panicle exsertion, and biomass. sui4 (shortened uppermost internode 4) mutants show reduced internode length and a dwarf phenotype due to shortened internodes; the uppermost internode is particularly severely affected. The present study was performed to identify the molecular nature and function of the SUI4 gene during internode elongation. RESULTS Our previous study showed that the SUI4 gene was mapped to a 1.1-Mb interval on chromosome 7 (Ji et al. 2014). In order to isolate the gene responsible for the sui4 phenotype, genomic DNA resequencing of sui4 mutants and wild-type plants and reciprocal transformation of wild-type and mutant alleles of the putative SUI4 gene was performed. The data revealed that the causative mutation of sui4 was a T to A nucleotide substitution at the microRNA172 binding site of Os07g0235800, and that SUI4 is a new allele of the previously reported gene SUPERNUMERARY BRACT (SNB), which affects flower structure. In order to understand the effect of this mutation on expression of the SUI4/SNB gene, SUI4/SNB native promoter-fuzed GUS transgenics were examined, along with qRT-PCR analysis at various developmental stages. In sui4 mutants, the SUI4/SNB gene was upregulated in the leaves, culms, and panicles, especially when internodes were elongated. In culms, SUI4/SNB was expressed in the nodes and the lower parts of elongating internodes. In order to further explore the molecular nature of SUI4/SNB during internode elongation, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis were performed with RNAs from the culms of sui4 mutants and wild-type plants in the booting stage. The data showed that in sui4 mutants, genes deactivating bioactive gibberellins and cytokinin were upregulated while genes related to cell expansion and cell wall synthesis were downregulated. CONCLUSION In summary, this paper shows that interaction between SUI4/SNB and microRNA172 could determine internode elongation during the reproductive stage in rice plants. Due to a mutation at the microRNA172 binding site in sui4 mutants, the expression of SUI4/SNB was enhanced, which lowered the activities of cell expansion and cell wall synthesis and consequently resulted in shortened internodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonso Ji
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Deok Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- The Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Do-Yu Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Jun Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Hyoja Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seong Cheon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Song Lim Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Inchan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Jeongho Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Jeonju, 54874, South Korea
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154
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Gazara RK, de Oliveira EAG, Rodrigues BC, Nunes da Fonseca R, Oliveira AEA, Venancio TM. Transcriptional landscape of soybean (Glycine max) embryonic axes during germination in the presence of paclobutrazol, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9601. [PMID: 31270425 PMCID: PMC6610145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellins (GA) are key positive regulators of seed germination. Although the GA effects on seed germination have been studied in a number of species, little is known about the transcriptional reprogramming modulated by GA during this phase in species other than Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we report the transcriptome analysis of soybean embryonic axes during germination in the presence of paclobutrazol (PBZ), a GA biosynthesis inhibitor. We found a number of differentially expressed cell wall metabolism genes, supporting their roles in cell expansion during germination. Several genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of other phytohormones were also modulated, indicating an intensive hormonal crosstalk at the embryonic axis. We have also found 26 photosynthesis genes that are up-regulated by PBZ at 24 hours after imbibition (HAI) and down-regulated at 36 HAI, which led us to suggest that this is part of a strategy to implement an autotrophic growth program in the absence of GA-driven mobilization of reserves. Finally, 30 transcription factors (mostly from the MYB, bHLH, and bZIP families) were down-regulated by PBZ and are likely downstream GA targets that will drive transcriptional changes during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Gazara
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A G de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Rodrigues
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento SócioAmbiental de Macaé (NUPEM), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento SócioAmbiental de Macaé (NUPEM), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Antônia Elenir A Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Venancio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.
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155
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Chu Y, Xu N, Wu Q, Yu B, Li X, Chen R, Huang J. Rice transcription factor OsMADS57 regulates plant height by modulating gibberellin catabolism. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:38. [PMID: 31139953 PMCID: PMC6538746 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MADS-box transcription factors mainly function in floral organ organogenesis and identity specification. Few research on their roles in vegetative growth has been reported. RESULTS Here we investigated the functions of OsMADS57 in plant vegetative growth in rice (Oryza sativa). Knockdown of OsMADS57 reduced the plant height, internode elongation and panicle exsertion in rice plants. Further study showed that the cell length was remarkably reduced in the uppermost internode in OsMADS57 knockdown plants at maturity. Moreover, OsMADS57 knockdown plants were more sensitive to gibberellic acid (GA3), and contained less bioactive GA3 than wild-type plants, which implied that OsMADS57 is involved in gibberellin (GA) pathway. Expectedly, the transcript levels of OsGA2ox3, encoding GAs deactivated enzyme, were significantly enhanced in OsMADS57 knockdown plants. The level of EUI1 transcripts involved in GA deactivation was also increased in OsMADS57 knockdown plants. More importantly, dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that OsMADS57 directly regulates the transcription of OsGA2ox3 as well as EUI1 through binding to the CArG-box motifs in their promoter regions. In addition, OsMADS57 also modulated the expression of multiple genes involved in GA metabolism or GA signaling pathway, indicating the key and complex regulatory role of OsMADS57 in GA pathway in rice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that OsMADS57 acts as an important transcriptional regulator that regulates stem elongation and panicle exsertion in rice via GA-mediated regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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156
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Hamdani S, Wang H, Zheng G, Perveen S, Qu M, Khan N, Khan W, Jiang J, Li M, Liu X, Zhu X, Chu C, Zhu XG. Genome-wide association study identifies variation of glucosidase being linked to natural variation of the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:105-119. [PMID: 30834537 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (as reflected by variable to maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence, Fv /Fm ) is regarded as one of the most important photosynthetic parameters. The genetic basis underlying natural variation in Fv /Fm , which shows low level of variations in plants under non-stress conditions, is not easy to be exploited using the conventional gene cloning approaches. Thus, in order to answer this question, we have followed another strategy: we used genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transgenic analysis in a rice mini-core collection. We report here that four single-nucleotide polymorphisms, located in the promoter region of β-glucosidase 5 (BGlu-5), are associated with observed variation in Fv /Fm . Indeed, our transgenic analysis showed a good correlation between BGlu-5 and Fv /Fm . Thus, our work demonstrates the feasibility of using GWAS to study natural variation in Fv /Fm , suggesting that cis-element polymorphism, affecting the BGlu-5 expression level, may, indirectly, contribute to Fv /Fm variation in rice through the gibberellin signaling pathway. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of our novel observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Hamdani
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hongru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guangyong Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mingnan Qu
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Naveed Khan
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Waqasuddin Khan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, DR. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ming Li
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaocen Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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157
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Gao X, Zhang JQ, Zhang X, Zhou J, Jiang Z, Huang P, Tang Z, Bao Y, Cheng J, Tang H, Zhang W, Zhang H, Huang J. Rice qGL3/OsPPKL1 Functions with the GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase OsGSK3 to Modulate Brassinosteroid Signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1077-1093. [PMID: 30923230 PMCID: PMC6533024 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that play essential roles in plant growth and development. We previously cloned qGL3, a major quantitative trait locus regulating grain length in rice (Oryza sativa). The O. sativa japonica var N411 has extra-large grains compared with the O. sativa indica var 9311, and the recessive qgl3 allele from N411 contributes positively to grain length. qGL3 encodes a putative protein phosphatase with Kelch-like repeat domains, an ortholog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) brassinosteroid-insensitive1 SUPPRESSOR1 (BSU1). BSU1 positively regulates BR signaling, while overexpression of qGL3 induced BR loss-of-function phenotypes. Both qGL3N411 and qGL39311 physically interact with the rice glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/SHAGGY-like kinase 3 (OsGSK3), an ortholog of Arabidopsis BR INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2). qGL39311 dephosphorylates OsGSK3, but qGL3N411 lacks this activity. Knocking out OsGSK3 enhances BR signaling and induces nuclear localization of O. sativa BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (OsBZR1). Unlike the dephosphorylation of BIN2 (which leads to protein degradation) in Arabidopsis, qGL3 dephosphorylates and stabilizes OsGSK3 in rice. These results demonstrate that qGL3 suppresses BR signaling by regulating the phosphorylation and stability of OsGSK3, which modulates OsBZR1 phosphorylation and subcellular distribution. Our study clarifies the role of qGL3 in the regulation of grain length and provides insight into BR signaling, including the differences between rice and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhengbin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongmei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haijuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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158
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Dermastia M. Plant Hormones in Phytoplasma Infected Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:477. [PMID: 31057582 PMCID: PMC6478762 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are bacterial plant pathogens that need a plant host and an insect vector for their spread and survival. In plants, the physiological responses that phytoplasmas trigger result in symptom development through effects on hormonal, nutritional, and stress signaling pathways, and the interactions between these. In this review, recent advances on the involvement of plant hormones together with their known and deduced roles in plants infected with phytoplasmas are discussed. Several studies have directly, or in many cases indirectly, addressed plant hormone systems in phytoplasma-infected plants. These have provided accumulating evidence that phytoplasmas extensively affect plant hormone pathways. Phytoplasmas thus, with disturbing complex plant hormone networks, suppress plant immunity and modify plant structure, while optimizing their nutrient acquisition and facilitating their colonization of the plants, and their dissemination among plants by their insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dermastia
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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159
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Roy Choudhury S, Johns SM, Pandey S. A convenient, soil-free method for the production of root nodules in soybean to study the effects of exogenous additives. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00135. [PMID: 31245773 PMCID: PMC6589526 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Legumes develop root nodules that harbor endosymbiotic bacteria, rhizobia. These rhizobia convert nitrogen to ammonia by biological nitrogen fixation. A thorough understanding of the biological nitrogen fixation in legumes and its regulation is key to develop sustainable agriculture. It is well known that plant hormones affect nodule formation; however, most studies are limited to model legumes due to their suitability for in vitro, plate-based assays. Specifically, it is almost impossible to measure the effects of exogenous hormones or other additives during nodule development in crop legumes such as soybean as they have huge root system in soil. To circumvent this issue, the present research develops suitable media and growth conditions for efficient nodule development under in vitro, soil-free conditions in an important legume crop, soybean. Moreover, we also evaluate the effects of all major phytohormones on soybean nodule development under identical growing conditions. Phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) had an overall inhibitory effect and those such as gibberellic acid (GA) or brassinosteroids (BRs) had an overall positive effect on nodule formation. This versatile, inexpensive, scalable, and simple protocol provides several advantages over previously established methods. It is extremely time- and resource-efficient, does not require special training or equipment, and produces highly reproducible results. The approach is expandable to other large legumes as well as for other exogenous additives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sona Pandey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouri
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160
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McKim SM. How plants grow up. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:257-277. [PMID: 30697935 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plant's lateral structures, such as leaves, branches and flowers, literally hinge on the shoot axis, making its integrity and growth fundamental to plant form. In all plants, subapical proliferation within the shoot tip displaces cells downward to extrude the cylindrical stem. Following the transition to flowering, many plants show extensive axial elongation associated with increased subapical proliferation and expansion. However, the cereal grasses also elongate their stems, called culms, due to activity within detached intercalary meristems which displaces cells upward, elevating the grain-bearing inflorescence. Variation in culm length within species is especially relevant to cereal crops, as demonstrated by the high-yielding semi-dwarfed cereals of the Green Revolution. Although previously understudied, recent renewed interest the regulation of subapical and intercalary growth suggests that control of cell division planes, boundary formation and temporal dynamics of differentiation, are likely critical mechanisms coordinating axial growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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161
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Miao J, Yang Z, Zhang D, Wang Y, Xu M, Zhou L, Wang J, Wu S, Yao Y, Du X, Gu F, Gong Z, Gu M, Liang G, Zhou Y. Mutation of RGG2, which encodes a type B heterotrimeric G protein γ subunit, increases grain size and yield production in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:650-664. [PMID: 30160362 PMCID: PMC6381795 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of Gα , Gβ and Gγ subunits, function as molecular switches that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants. In this study, we characterised the function of rice RGG2, which encodes a type B Gγ subunit, in regulating grain size and yield production. The expression levels of RGG2 were significantly higher than those of other rice Gγ -encoding genes in all tissues tested, suggesting that RGG2 plays essential roles in rice growth and development. By regulating cell expansion, overexpression of RGG2 in Nipponbare (NIP) led to reduced plant height and decreased grain size. By contrast, two mutants generated by the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system in the Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) background, zrgg2-1 and zrgg2-2, exhibited enhanced growth, including elongated internodes, increased 1000-grain weight and plant biomass and enhanced grain yield per plant (+11.8% and 16.0%, respectively). These results demonstrate that RGG2 acts as a negative regulator of plant growth and organ size in rice. By measuring the length of the second leaf sheath after gibberellin (GA3 ) treatment and the GA-induced α-amylase activity of seeds, we found that RGG2 is also involved in GA signalling. In summary, we propose that RGG2 may regulate grain and organ size via the GA pathway and that manipulation of RGG2 may provide a novel strategy for rice grain yield enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Mengbin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Food CropsJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Shujun Wu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Xi Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Fangfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyun Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Minghong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsKey Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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Peres ALGL, Soares JS, Tavares RG, Righetto G, Zullo MAT, Mandava NB, Menossi M. Brassinosteroids, the Sixth Class of Phytohormones: A Molecular View from the Discovery to Hormonal Interactions in Plant Development and Stress Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020331. [PMID: 30650539 PMCID: PMC6359644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones are natural chemical messengers that play critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors, maintaining plant homeostasis, and allowing adaptation to environmental changes. The discovery of a new class of phytohormones, the brassinosteroids (BRs), almost 40 years ago opened a new era for the studies of plant growth and development and introduced new perspectives in the regulation of agronomic traits through their use in agriculture. BRs are a group of hormones with significant growth regulatory activity that act independently and in conjunction with other phytohormones to control different BR-regulated activities. Genetic and molecular research has increased our understanding of how BRs and their cross-talk with other phytohormones control several physiological and developmental processes. The present article provides an overview of BRs' discovery as well as recent findings on their interactions with other phytohormones at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, in addition to clarifying how their network works to modulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura G L Peres
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - José Sérgio Soares
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael G Tavares
- Center for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 400, Australia.
| | - Germanna Righetto
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Marco A T Zullo
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Agronomic Institute, Campinas 13020-902, Brazil.
| | - N Bhushan Mandava
- Mandava Associates, LLC, 1050 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
| | - Marcelo Menossi
- Functional Genome Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil.
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163
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Wang X, Chen X, Wang Q, Chen M, Liu X, Gao D, Li D, Li L. MdBZR1 and MdBZR1-2like Transcription Factors Improves Salt Tolerance by Regulating Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Apple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1473. [PMID: 31827478 PMCID: PMC6892407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant steroid hormones that play important roles in regulating plant development. In addition, BRs show considerable functional redundancy with other plant hormones such as gibberellins (GAs). BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1) transcription factors are negative feedback regulators of BR biosynthesis. This study provides evidence for the roles of MdBZR1 and MdBZR1-2like in promoting GA production. These results also show that BRs regulate GA biosynthesis to improve salt tolerance in apple calli. Moreover, this research proposes a regulatory model, in which MdBZR1 and MdBZR1-2like bind to the promoters of GA biosynthetic genes to regulate their expression in a BR-dependent manner. The expression of key GA biosynthetic genes, MdGA20ox1, MdGA20ox2, and MdGA3ox1 in yeast helps to maintain normal growth even under intense salt stress. In summary, this study underscores the roles of MdBZR1 and MdBZR1-2like in improving salt tolerance by regulating GA biosynthesis in apple calli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Min Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Li, ; Ling Li,
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Li, ; Ling Li,
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164
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Zhou S, Hu Z, Li F, Tian S, Zhu Z, Li A, Chen G. Overexpression of SlOFP20 affects floral organ and pollen development. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:125. [PMID: 31754432 PMCID: PMC6856366 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The OVATE gene was initially identified in tomato and serves as a key regulator of fruit shape. There are 31 OFP members in the tomato genome. However, their roles in tomato growth and reproductive development are largely unknown. Here, we cloned the OFP transcription factor SlOFP20. Tomato plants overexpressing SlOFP20 displayed several phenotypic defects, including an altered floral architecture and fruit shape and reduced male fertility. SlOFP20 overexpression altered the expression levels of some brassinosteroid (BR)-associated genes, implying that SlOFP20 may play a negative role in the BR response, similar to its ortholog OsOFP19 in rice. Moreover, the transcript accumulation of gibberellin (GA)-related genes was significantly affected in the transgenic lines. SlOFP20 may play an important role in the crosstalk between BR and GA. The pollen germination assay suggested that the pollen germination rate of SlOFP20-OE plants was distinctly lower than that of WT plants. In addition, the tomato pollen-associated genes SlCRK1, SlPMEI, LePRK3, SlPRALF, and LAT52 were all suppressed in the transgenic lines. Our data imply that SlOFP20 may affect floral organ and pollen development by modulating BR and GA signaling in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengen Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibing Tian
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anzhou Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Bajguz A, Orczyk W, Gołębiewska A, Chmur M, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A. Occurrence of brassinosteroids and influence of 24-epibrassinolide with brassinazole on their content in the leaves and roots of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise. PLANTA 2019; 249:123-137. [PMID: 30594955 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
24-epibrassinolide overcame the inhibitory effect of brassinazole on the barley growth and the content of brassinosteroids. The present work demonstrates the occurrence of mainly castasterone, brassinolide and cathasterone and lower amounts of 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone, 28-homobrassinolide, typhasterol, 6-deoxocastasterone and 6-deoxotyphasterol in 14-day-old de-etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise). We also investigated the endogenous level of brassinosteroids (BRs) in barley seedlings treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and/or brassinazole (Brz). To our knowledge, this is the first report related to the occurrence of BRs and application of EBL and Brz in terms of the endogenous content of BRs in barley. Brz as a specific inhibitor of BR biosynthetic reactions decreased the level of BRs in the leaves. Application of EBL showed a weak promotive effect on the BR content in Brz-treated seedlings. Brz also inhibited growth of the seedlings; however, addition of EBL overcame the inhibition. The EBL applied alone at 0.01-1 µM increased the BR level in the leaves but at 10 µM lowered the BR content. In opposition to leaves, the Brz in the concentration range from 0.1 to 1 µM did not significantly affect the content of BRs in the roots. However, application of 10 µM Brz caused BRs to decrease, but treatment of EBL concentrations overcame the inhibitory effect of Brz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, 1J Konstantego Ciolkowskiego St., 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Wacław Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gołębiewska
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, 1J Konstantego Ciolkowskiego St., 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmur
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, 1J Konstantego Ciolkowskiego St., 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, 1J Konstantego Ciolkowskiego St., 15-245, Białystok, Poland
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Alamin M, Zeng DD, Sultana MH, Qin R, Jin XL, Shi CH. Rice SDSFL1 plays a critical role in the regulation of plant structure through the control of different phytohormones and altered cell structure. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:110-123. [PMID: 30253267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Semi-dwarfism is one of the most important agronomic traits for many cereal crops. In the present study, a mutant with semi-dwarf and short flag leaf 1, sdsfl1, was identified and characterized. The sdsfl1 mutant demonstrated some distinguished structural alterations, including shorter plant height and flag leaf length, increased tiller numbers and flag leaf width, and decreased panicle length compared with those of wild type (WT). Genetic analysis suggested that the mutant traits were completely controlled by a single recessive gene. The SDSFL1 gene was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 3 within a region of 44.6 kb between InDel markers A3P8.3 and A3P8.4. The DNA sequence analysis revealed that there was only a T to C substitution in the coding region of LOC_Os03g63970, resulting in the substitution of Tryptophan (Try) to Arginine (Arg) and encoding a GA 20 oxidase 1 protein of 372 amino acid residues. Photosynthesis analysis showed that the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were significantly increased in sdsfl1. Chlorophyll a (Chl a), total Chl, and carotenoid contents were significantly increased in sdsfl1 compared with those in WT. sdsfl1 carried a reduced level of GA3 but reacted to exogenously applied gibberellins (GA). Moreover, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), and salicylic acid (SA) were notably improved in sdsfl1, whereas there was no noteworthy change in jasmonic acid (JA). The results thus offer a visible foundation for the molecular and physiological analysis of the SDSFL1 gene, which might participate in various functional pathways for controlling plant height and leaf length in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Alamin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Ran Qin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jin
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun-Hai Shi
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Que F, Khadr A, Wang GL, Li T, Wang YH, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Exogenous brassinosteroids altered cell length, gibberellin content, and cellulose deposition in promoting carrot petiole elongation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:110-120. [PMID: 30466576 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) is a predominant plant hormone in regulating cell elongation and cell size. BR-deficient mutants display reduced plant growth and dwarfism in Arabidopsis and rice. In carrot, BRs promote petiole elongation, but its underlying mechanism involving exogenous BR remains unknown. Here, weighted gene co-expression network analysis and promoter region analysis were adopted to identify the potential genes that interacted with DcBZR1/BES1. Bioactive gibberellin (GA) level and cellulose deposition were also determined in the control and treated plants. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression profiles of GA biosynthesis-related genes, GA signaling genes, and cellulose synthase genes. Bioactive GA level and cellulose deposition were upregulated after the petioles were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL). The most putative DcBZR1/BES1 genes were clustered in yellow module. The expression level of DCAR_009411 (a GA5-like gene) was significantly induced after 3 h of treatment. The expression levels of DCAR_019754 and DCAR_013973 (CESA-like genes) were also significantly induced after 3 h of 24-EBL treatment. Our results suggested that the effect of BR on carrot petiole growth was quick. These results also provided potential insights into the mechanism by which BRs modulate GA and cellulose synthesis to promote cell elongation in carrot petioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Que
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ahmed Khadr
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Liu Z, Qanmber G, Lu L, Qin W, Liu J, Li J, Ma S, Yang Z, Yang Z. Genome-wide analysis of BES1 genes in Gossypium revealed their evolutionary conserved roles in brassinosteroid signaling. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:1566-1582. [PMID: 30607883 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs), which are essential phytohormones for plant growth and development, are important for cotton fiber development. Additionally, BES1 transcription factors are critical for BR signal transduction. However, cotton BES1 family genes have not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, we identified 11 BES1 genes in G. arboreum, 11 in G. raimondii, 16 in G. barbadense, and 22 in G. hirsutum. The BES1 sequences were significantly conserved in the Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and upland cotton genomes. A total of 94 BES1 genes from 10 different plant species were divided into three clades according to the neighbor-joining and minimum-evolution methods. Moreover, the exon/intron patterns and motif distributions were highly conserved among the A. thaliana and cotton BES1 genes. The collinearity among the orthologs from the At and Dt subgenomes was estimated. Segmental duplications in the At and Dt subgenomes were primarily responsible for the expansion of the cotton BES1 gene family. Of the GhBES1 genes, GhBES1.4_At/Dt exhibited BL-induced expression and was predominantly expressed in fibers. Furthermore, Col-0/mGhBES1.4_At plants produced curled leaves with long and bent petioles. These transgenic plants also exhibited decreased hypocotyl sensitivity to brassinazole and constitutive BR induced/repressed gene expression patterns. The constitutive BR responses of the plants overexpressing mGhBES1.4_At were similar to those of the bes1-D mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Shuya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhaoen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China. .,School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Li QF, Wang JD, Xiong M, Wei K, Zhou P, Huang LC, Zhang CQ, Fan XL, Liu QQ. iTRAQ-Based Analysis of Proteins Co-Regulated by Brassinosteroids and Gibberellins in Rice Embryos during Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113460. [PMID: 30400353 PMCID: PMC6274883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination, a pivotal process in higher plants, is precisely regulated by various external and internal stimuli, including brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) phytohormones. The molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between BRs and GAs in regulating plant growth are well established. However, whether BRs interact with GAs to coordinate seed germination remains unknown, as do their common downstream targets. In the present study, 45 differentially expressed proteins responding to both BR and GA deficiency were identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis during seed germination. The results indicate that crosstalk between BRs and GAs participates in seed germination, at least in part, by modulating the same set of responsive proteins. Moreover, most targets exhibited concordant changes in response to BR and GA deficiency, and gene ontology (GO) indicated that most possess catalytic activity and are involved in various metabolic processes. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) analysis was used to construct a regulatory network of downstream proteins mediating BR- and GA-regulated seed germination. The mutation of GRP, one representative target, notably suppressed seed germination. Our findings not only provide critical clues for validating BR–GA crosstalk during rice seed germination, but also help to optimise molecular regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jin-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Min Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ke Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Ullah A, Manghwar H, Shaban M, Khan AH, Akbar A, Ali U, Ali E, Fahad S. Phytohormones enhanced drought tolerance in plants: a coping strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33103-33118. [PMID: 30284160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a severe environmental constraint among the emerging problems. Plants are highly vulnerable to drought stress and a severe decrease in yield was recorded in the last few decades. So, it is highly desirable to understand the mechanism of drought tolerance in plants and consequently enhance the tolerance against drought stress. Phytohormones are known to play vital roles in regulating various phenomenons in plants to acclimatize to varying drought environment. Abscisic acid (ABA) is considered the main hormone which intensifies drought tolerance in plants through various morpho-physiological and molecular processes including stomata regulation, root development, and initiation of ABA-dependent pathway. In addition, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) ethylene (ET), auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins (CKs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are also very important phytohormones to congregate the challenges of drought stress. However, these hormones are usually cross talk with each other to increase the survival of plants in drought conditions. On the other hand, the transgenic approach is currently the most accepted technique to engineer the genes responsible for the synthesis of phytohormones in drought stress response. Our present review highlights the regulatory circuits of phytohormones in drought tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18550, Pakistan.
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shaban
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Adnan Akbar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Usman Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehsan Ali
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shah Fahad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
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171
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Tong H, Chu C. Functional Specificities of Brassinosteroid and Potential Utilization for Crop Improvement. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1016-1028. [PMID: 30220494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) regulates many important agronomic traits and thus has great potential in agriculture. However, BR application is limited due to its complex effects on plants. The identification of specific downstream BR components and pathways in the crop plant rice (Oryza sativa) further demonstrates the feasibility of modulating BR responses to obtain desirable traits for breeding. Here, we review advances on how BR regulates various biological processes or agronomic traits such as plant architecture and grain yield in rice. We discuss how these functional specificities of BR can and could be utilized to enhance plant performance and productivity. We propose that unraveling the mechanisms underlying the diverse BR functions will favor BR application in molecular design for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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172
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Liao D, Wang S, Cui M, Liu J, Chen A, Xu G. Phytohormones Regulate the Development of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3146. [PMID: 30322086 PMCID: PMC6213213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants are able to form a root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for enhancing the assimilation of mineral nutrients. AM fungi are obligate symbionts that depend on host plants as their sole carbon source. Development of an AM association requires a continuous signal exchange between the two symbionts, which triggers coordinated differentiation of both partners, to enable their interaction within the root cells. The control of the AM symbiosis involves a finely-tuned process, and an increasing number of studies have pointed to a pivotal role of several phytohormones, such as strigolactones (SLs), gibberellic acids (GAs), and auxin, in the modulation of AM symbiosis, through the early recognition of events up to the final arbuscular formation. SLs are involved in the presymbiotic growth of the fungus, while auxin is required for both the early steps of fungal growth and the differentiation of arbuscules. GAs modulate arbuscule formation in a dose-dependent manner, via DELLA proteins, a group of GRAS transcription factors that negatively control the GA signaling. Here, we summarize the recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in AM symbiosis, and also explore the current understanding of how the DELLA proteins act as central regulators to coordinate plant hormone signaling, to regulate the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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173
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A High-Density EST-SSR-Based Genetic Map and QTL Analysis of Dwarf Trait in Cucurbita pepo L. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103140. [PMID: 30322052 PMCID: PMC6213718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the earliest domesticated species, Cucurbita pepo (including squash and pumpkin) is rich in phenotypic polymorphism and has huge economic value. In this research, using 1660 expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) and 632 genomic simple sequence repeats (gSSRs), we constructed the highest-density EST-SSR-based genetic map in Cucurbita genus, which spanned 2199.1 cM in total and harbored 623 loci distributed in 20 linkage groups. Using this map as a bridge, the two previous gSSR maps were integrated by common gSSRs and the corresponding relationships around chromosomes in three sets of genomes were also collated. Meanwhile, one large segmental inversion that existed between our map and the C. pepo genome was detected. Furthermore, three Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) of the dwarf trait (gibberellin-sensitive dwarf type) in C. pepo were located, and the candidate region that covered the major QTL spanned 1.39 Mb, which harbored a predicted gibberellin 2-β-oxidase gene. Considering the rich phenotypic polymorphism, the important economic value in the Cucurbita genus species and several advantages of the SSR marker were identified; thus, this high-density EST-SSR-based genetic map will be useful in Pumpkin and Squash breeding work in the future.
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174
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Gao J, Chen H, Yang H, He Y, Tian Z, Li J. A brassinosteroid responsive miRNA-target module regulates gibberellin biosynthesis and plant development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:488-501. [PMID: 30009574 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are highly coordinated by hormones, including brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA). Although much progress has been made in understanding the fundamental signaling transduction in BR and GA, their relationship remains elusive in rice. Here, we show that BR suppresses the level of OsmiR159d, which cleaves the target OsGAMYBL2 gene. The OsmiR159d-OsGAMYBL2 pair functions as an early BR-responsive module regulating the expression of BU1, a BR-regulated gene involved in BR signaling, and CPS1 and GA3ox2, two genes in GA biosynthesis, by binding to the promoters of these genes. Furthermore, OsGSK2, a key negative player in BR signaling, interacts with OsGAMYBL2 and prevents it from being degraded under 24-epibrassinolide treatment, whereas SLR1, a rice DELLA protein negatively regulating GA signaling, interacts with OsGAMYBL2 and prevents OsGAMYBL2 from binding to the target gene promoter. GA signaling induces degradation of OsGAMYBL2 and, consequently, enhances BR signaling. These results demonstrate that a BR-responsive module acts as a common component functioning in both BR and GA pathways, which connects BR signaling and GA biosynthesis, and thus coordinates the regulation of BR and GA in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Zhihong Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
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175
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Chen X, Xu P, Zhou J, Tao D, Yu D. Mapping and breeding value evaluation of a semi-dominant semi-dwarf gene in upland rice. PLANT DIVERSITY 2018; 40:238-244. [PMID: 30740570 PMCID: PMC6224660 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is an important trait related to yield potential and plant architecture. A suitable plant height plays a crucial role in improvement of rice yield and lodging resistance. In this study, we found that the traditional upland landrace 'Kaowenghan' (KWH) showed a special semi-dwarf phenotype. To identify the semi-dwarf gene from KWH, we raised BC2F4 semi-dwarf introgression lines (IL) by hybridization of the japonica rice cultivar 'Dianjingyou1' (DJY1) and KWH in a DJY1 background. The plant height of the homozygous semi-dwarf IL (IL-87) was significantly reduced compared with that of DJY1. The phenotype of the F1 progeny of the semi-dwarf IL-87 and DJY1 showed that the semi-dwarf phenotype was semi-dominant. QTL mapping indicated that the semi-dwarf phenotype was controlled by a major QTL qDH1 and was localized between the markers RM6696 and RM12047 on chromosome 1. We also developed near-isogenic lines (NIL) from the BC3F3 population, and found that the yield of homozygous NIL (NIL-2) was not significantly different compared to DJY1. Breeding value evaluation through investigation of the plant height of the progeny of NIL (NIL-2) and cultivars from different genetic background indicate that the novel semi-dwarf gene shows potential as a genetic resource for rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Jiawu Zhou
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS), Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Dayun Tao
- Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS), Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
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176
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Serrano-Mislata A, Sablowski R. The pillars of land plants: new insights into stem development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:11-17. [PMID: 29763857 PMCID: PMC6250904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In spite of its central importance in evolution, plant architecture and crop improvement, stem development remains poorly understood relative to other plant organs. Here, we summarise current knowledge of stem ontogenesis and its regulation, including insights from new image analysis and biophysical approaches. The stem initiates in the rib zone (RZ) of the shoot apical meristem, under transcriptional control by DELLA and BLH proteins. Links have emerged between these regulators and cell proliferation, patterning and oriented growth in the RZ. During subsequent internode elongation, cell wall properties and mechanics have been analysed in detail, revealing pectin modification as a prominent control point. Recent work has also highlighted signalling to coordinate growth of stem tissues with different mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Sablowski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
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177
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Gruszka D. Crosstalk of the Brassinosteroid Signalosome with Phytohormonal and Stress Signaling Components Maintains a Balance between the Processes of Growth and Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092675. [PMID: 30205610 PMCID: PMC6163518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones, which regulate various processes during plant life cycle. Intensive studies conducted with genetic, physiological and molecular approaches allowed identification of various components participating in the BR signaling—from the ligand perception, through cytoplasmic signal transduction, up to the BR-dependent gene expression, which is regulated by transcription factors and chromatin modifying enzymes. The identification of new components of the BR signaling is an ongoing process, however an emerging view of the BR signalosome indicates that this process is interconnected at various stages with other metabolic pathways. The signaling crosstalk is mediated by the BR signaling proteins, which function as components of the transmembrane BR receptor, by a cytoplasmic kinase playing a role of the major negative regulator of the BR signaling, and by the transcription factors, which regulate the BR-dependent gene expression and form a complicated regulatory system. This molecular network of interdependencies allows a balance in homeostasis of various phytohormones to be maintained. Moreover, the components of the BR signalosome interact with factors regulating plant reactions to environmental cues and stress conditions. This intricate network of interactions enables a rapid adaptation of plant metabolism to constantly changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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178
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Hwang OJ, Back K. Melatonin is involved in skotomorphogenesis by regulating brassinosteroid biosynthesis in rice plants. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12495. [PMID: 29607549 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis catalyzing the conversion of serotonin into N-acetylserotonin. In plants, SNAT is encoded by 2 isogenes of which SNAT1 is constitutively expressed and its overexpression confers increased yield in rice. However, the role of SNAT2 remains to be clarified. In contrast to SNAT1, the diurnal rhythm of SNAT2 mRNA expression peaks at night. In this study, transgenic rice plants in which SNAT2 expression were suppressed by RNAi technology showed a decrease in melatonin and a dwarf phenotype with erect leaves, reminiscent of brassinosteroids (BR)-deficient mutants. Of note, the dwarf phenotype was dependent on the presence of dark, suggesting that melatonin is involved in dark growth (skotomorphogenesis). In support of this suggestion, SNAT2 RNAi lines exhibited photomorphogenic phenotypes such as inhibition of internodes and increased expression of light-inducible CAB genes in the dark. The causative gene for the melatonin-mediated BR biosynthetic gene was DWARF4, a rate-limiting BR biosynthetic gene. Exogenous melatonin treatment induced several BR biosynthetic genes, including DWARF4, D11, and RAVL1. As expected from the erect leaves, the SNAT2 RNAi lines produced less BR than the wild type. Our results show for the first time that melatonin is a positive regulator of dark growth or shade outgrowth by regulating BR biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Jin Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoungwhan Back
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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179
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Liu H, Zhang C, Yang J, Yu N, Wang E. Hormone modulation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:632-648. [PMID: 29578639 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plants can establish symbiotic associations with diazotropic rhizobia to form nitrogen-fixating nodules, which are classified as determinate or indeterminate based on the persistence of nodule meristem. The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules requires coordinating rhizobial infection and root nodule organogenesis. The formation of an infection thread and the extent of nodule formation are largely under plant control, but vary with environmental conditions and the physiological state of the host plants. Many achievements in these two areas have been made in recent decades. Phytohormone signaling pathways have gradually emerged as important regulators of root nodule symbiosis. Cytokinin, strigolactones (SLs) and local accumulation of auxin can promote nodule development. Ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) all negatively regulate infection thread formation and nodule development. However, salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) have different effects on the formation of these two nodule types. Some peptide hormones are also involved in nodulation. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in legume-rhizobial symbiosis, and we propose that DELLA proteins may function as a node to integrate plant hormones to regulate nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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180
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Gomez MD, Barro-Trastoy D, Escoms E, Saura-Sánchez M, Sánchez I, Briones-Moreno A, Vera-Sirera F, Carrera E, Ripoll JJ, Yanofsky MF, Lopez-Diaz I, Alonso JM, Perez-Amador MA. Gibberellins negatively modulate ovule number in plants. Development 2018; 145:dev163865. [PMID: 29914969 PMCID: PMC6053663 DOI: 10.1242/dev.163865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovule formation is a complex developmental process in plants, with a strong impact on the production of seeds. Ovule primordia initiation is controlled by a gene network, including components of the signaling pathways of auxin, brassinosteroids and cytokinins. By contrast, gibberellins (GAs) and DELLA proteins, the negative regulators of GA signaling, have never been shown to be involved in ovule initiation. Here, we provide molecular and genetic evidence that points to DELLA proteins as novel players in the determination of ovule number in Arabidopsis and in species of agronomic interest, such as tomato and rapeseed, adding a new layer of complexity to this important developmental process. DELLA activity correlates positively with ovule number, acting as a positive factor for ovule initiation. In addition, ectopic expression of a dominant DELLA in the placenta is sufficient to increase ovule number. The role of DELLA proteins in ovule number does not appear to be related to auxin transport or signaling in the ovule primordia. Possible crosstalk between DELLA proteins and the molecular and hormonal network controlling ovule initiation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Gomez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Daniela Barro-Trastoy
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Ernesto Escoms
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Maite Saura-Sánchez
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Ines Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Asier Briones-Moreno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Francisco Vera-Sirera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Juan-José Ripoll
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin F Yanofsky
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Isabel Lopez-Diaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - José M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Genetics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Amador
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia 46022, Spain
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181
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Luo X, Cao D, Zhang J, Chen L, Xia X, Li H, Zhao D, Zhang F, Xue H, Chen L, Li Y, Cao S. Integrated microRNA and mRNA expression profiling reveals a complex network regulating pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed hardness. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9292. [PMID: 29915181 PMCID: PMC6006261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The breeding of new soft-seeded pomegranate cultivars provides new products for the market and increases farmers' incomes, yet the genetic architecture mediating seed hardness is largely unknown. Here, the seed hardness and hundred-seed weights of 26 cultivars were determined in 2 successive years. We conducted miRNA and mRNA sequencing to analyse the seeds of two varieties of Punica granatum: soft-seeded Tunisia and hard-seeded Sanbai, at 60 and 120 d after flowering. Seed hardness was strongly positively correlated with hundred-seed weight. We detected 25 and 12 differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA pairs with negative regulatory relationships between the two genotypes at 60 and 120 d after flowering, respectively. These miRNA-mRNA pairs mainly regulated seed hardness by altering cell wall structure. Transcription factors including NAC1, WRKY and MYC, which are involved in seed hardness, were targeted by differentially expressed mdm-miR164e and mdm-miR172b. Thus, seed hardness is the result of a complex biological process regulated by a miRNA-mRNA network in pomegranate. These results will help us understand the complexity of seed hardness and help to elucidate the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms that contribute to seed hardness in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China
| | - Da Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocong Xia
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China
| | - Haoxian Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China
| | - Diguang Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China
| | - Fuhong Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xue
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China
| | - Lina Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhou Li
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Shangyin Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, P.R. China.
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182
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Hu J, Zeng T, Xia Q, Qian Q, Yang C, Ding Y, Chen L, Wang W. Unravelling miRNA regulation in yield of rice (Oryza sativa) based on differential network model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8498. [PMID: 29855560 PMCID: PMC5981461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the essential staple food crops and tillering, panicle branching and grain filling are three important traits determining the grain yield. Although miRNAs have been reported being regulating yield, no study has systematically investigated how miRNAs differentially function in high and low yield rice, in particular at a network level. This abundance of data from high-throughput sequencing provides an effective solution for systematic identification of regulatory miRNAs using developed algorithms in plants. We here present a novel algorithm, Gene Co-expression Network differential edge-like transformation (GRN-DET), which can identify key regulatory miRNAs in plant development. Based on the small RNA and RNA-seq data, miRNA-gene-TF co-regulation networks were constructed for yield of rice. Using GRN-DET, the key regulatory miRNAs for rice yield were characterized by the differential expression variances of miRNAs and co-variances of miRNA-mRNA, including osa-miR171 and osa-miR1432. Phytohormone cross-talks (auxin and brassinosteroid) were also revealed by these co-expression networks for the yield of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiongmei Xia
- Institute of Food Crop of Yunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Longtou Street, North Suburb, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Congdang Yang
- Institute of Food Crop of Yunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Longtou Street, North Suburb, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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183
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Li QF, Yu JW, Lu J, Fei HY, Luo M, Cao BW, Huang LC, Zhang CQ, Liu QQ. Seed-Specific Expression of OsDWF4, a Rate-Limiting Gene Involved in Brassinosteroids Biosynthesis, Improves Both Grain Yield and Quality in Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3759-3772. [PMID: 29613784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant-specific steroidal hormones that regulate diverse growth and developmental processes in plants. We evaluated the effects of OsDWF4, a gene that encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis, on both rice yield and quality when driven by the Gt1 or Ubi promoter, which correspond to seed-specific or constitutive expression, respectively. Generally, transgenic plants expressing OsDWF4 showed increased grain yield with more tillers and longer and heavier seeds. Moreover, the starch physicochemical properties of the transgenic rice were also improved. Interestingly, OsDWF4 was found to exert different effects on either rice yield or quality when driven by the different promoters. The overall performance of the pGt1::OsDWF4 lines was better than that of the pUbi::OsDWF4 lines. Our data not only demonstrate the effects of OsDWF4 overexpression on both rice yield and quality but also suggest that a seed-specific promoter is a good choice in BR-mediated rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Jia-Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Hong-Yuan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Ming Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Bu-Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
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184
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The brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factors BZR1/BES1 function as a coordinator in multisignal-regulated plant growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:561-571. [PMID: 29673687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BZR1 and BES1 are key transcription factors of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and represent the integration node of numerous signaling cascades. Their direct target genes have been identified, and BZR1/BES1-DNA interactions have been experimentally verified. Importantly, BZR1/BES1 also integrate different growth and development events via direct protein-protein interactions. For instance, DELLAs, PIFs, ARF6, and PKL, all directly interact with BZR1/BES1, forming a BZR1/BES1-centered regulatory network to coordinate cell elongation. By dissecting various BZR1/BES1-mediated BR responses, the concept that BZR1/BES1 act as an integration hub in multisignal-regulated plant growth and development was developed. The regulation of BZR1/BES1 is dynamic and multifaceted, including phosphorylation status, activity, and stability. Moreover, certain epigenetic modification mechanisms are involved in BZR1/BES1's regulation of gene expression. Herein, we review recent advances in BZR1/BES1-mediated molecular connections between BR and other pathways, highlighting the central role of the BZR1/BES1 interactome in optimizing plant growth and development.
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185
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Ruan W, Guo M, Xu L, Wang X, Zhao H, Wang J, Yi K. An SPX-RLI1 Module Regulates Leaf Inclination in Response to Phosphate Availability in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:853-870. [PMID: 29610209 PMCID: PMC5969273 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf erectness is one of the key traits of plant architecture; in grains, plants with upright leaves can be planted close together, thus benefiting yield/unit area. Many factors, such as hormones, affect leaf inclination; however, how nutrition status, in particular phosphate (Pi) availability, affects leaf inclination remains largely unexplained. Here, we show that in rice (Oryza sativa), Pi deficiency stress inhibits lamina joint cell elongation, thus restricting lamina joint size and inducing leaf erectness in rice. The Pi starvation-induced proteins SPX1 (for Syg1/Pho81/XPR1) and SPX2 play a negative role in the regulation of leaf inclination. We further identified an SPX1-interacting protein, REGULATOR OF LEAF INCLINATION1 (RLI1), which positively regulates leaf inclination by affecting lamina joint cell elongation in rice. The rli1 mutants showed reduced leaf inclination and the RLI1 overexpressors showed increased leaf inclination. RLI1 directly activates the downstream genes BRASSINOSTEROID UPREGULATED1 (BU1) and BU1-LIKE 1 COMPLEX1 to control elongation of the lamina joint cells, therefore enhancing leaf inclination. We also found that Pi deficiency repressed the expression of RLI1 SPX1 protein interacts directly with RLI1, which could prevent RLI1 binding to the promoters of downstream genes. Therefore, SPX and RLI1 form a module to regulate leaf inclination in response to external Pi availability in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Meina Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Crop Science and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
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186
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Abstract
The development and growth of plant organs is regulated by phytohormones, which constitute an important area of plant science. The last decade has seen a rapid increase in the unravelling of the pathways by which phytohormones exert their influence. Phytohormones function as signalling molecules that interact through a complex network to control development traits. They integrate metabolic and developmental events and regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors. As such, they influence the yield and quality of crops. Recent studies on barley have emphasised the importance of phytohormones in promoting agronomically important traits such as tillering, plant height, leaf blade area and spike/spikelet development. Understanding the mechanisms of how phytohormones interact may help to modify barley architecture and thereby improve its adaptation and yield. To achieve this goal, extensive functional validation analyses are necessary to better understand the complex dynamics of phytohormone interactions and phytohormone networks that underlie the biological processes. The present review summarises the current knowledge on the crosstalk between phytohormones and their roles in barley development. Furthermore, an overview of how phytohormone modulation may help to improve barley plant architecture is also provided.
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187
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Abstract
Identification of related mutants contributed a lot to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Establishment of methods to test for the hormone sensitivity is essential for the characterization of the mutants associated with BR responses. Here, we describe detailed procedures for the physiological analysis of BR responses that are regularly applied to test the BR sensitivity of mutants by evaluating the growth of different tissues of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings.
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188
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Revealing critical mechanisms of BR-mediated apple nursery tree growth using iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2018; 173:139-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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189
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Hui WK, Wang Y, Chen XY, Zayed MZ, Wu GJ. Analysis of Transcriptional Responses of the Inflorescence Meristems in Jatropha curcas Following Gibberellin Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020432. [PMID: 29389867 PMCID: PMC5855654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. seeds an oilseed plant with great potential for biodiesel production. However, low seed yield, which was limited by its lower female flowers, was a major drawback for its utilization. Our previous study found that the flower number and female-to-male ratio were increased by gibberellin treatment. Here, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of inflorescence meristem at different time points after gibberellic acid A3 (GA3) treatment. The present study showed that 951 differentially expressed genes were obtained in response to gibberellin treatment, compared with control samples. The 6-h time point was an important phase in the response to exogenous gibberellin. Furthermore, the plant endogenous gibberellin, auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and brassinolide-signaling transduction pathways were repressed, whereas the genes associated with cytokinin and jasmonic acid signaling were upregulated for 24-h time point following GA3 treatment. In addition, the floral meristem determinacy genes (JcLFY, JcSOC1) and floral organ identity genes (JcAP3, JcPI, JcSEP1-3) were significantly upregulated, but their negative regulator (JcSVP) was downregulated after GA3 treatment. Moreover, the effects of phytohormone, which was induced by exogenous plant growth regulator, mainly acted on the female floral differentiation process. To the best of our knowledge, this data is the first comprehensive analysis of the underlying transcriptional response mechanism of floral differentiation following GA3 treatment in J. curcas, which helps in engineering high-yielding varieties of Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Hui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Mohamed Zaky Zayed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt.
| | - Guo-Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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190
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Tang Y, Liu H, Guo S, Wang B, Li Z, Chong K, Xu Y. OsmiR396d Affects Gibberellin and Brassinosteroid Signaling to Regulate Plant Architecture in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:946-959. [PMID: 29180380 PMCID: PMC5761777 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement of plant architecture is one of the strategies for increasing the yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa). Although great progress has been made in the understanding of plant architecture regulation, the precise mechanism is still an urgent need to be revealed. Here, we report that over-expression of OsMIR396d in rice results in semidwarf and increased leaf angle, a typical phenotype of brassinosteroid (BR) enhanced mutant. OsmiR396d is involved in the interaction network of BR and gibberellin (GA) signaling. In OsMIR396d over-expression plants, BR signaling was enhanced. In contrast, both the signaling and biosynthesis of GA were impaired. BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1, a core transcription activator of BR signaling, directly promoted the accumulation of OsmiR396d, which controlled BR response and GA biosynthesis by regulating the expression of different target genes respectively. GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR 6, one of OsmiR396d targets, participated in GA biosynthesis and signal transduction but was not directly involved in BR signaling. This study provides a new insight into the understanding of interaction between BR and GA from multiple levels on controlling plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Chong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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191
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Lv B, Tian H, Zhang F, Liu J, Lu S, Bai M, Li C, Ding Z. Brassinosteroids regulate root growth by controlling reactive oxygen species homeostasis and dual effect on ethylene synthesis in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007144. [PMID: 29324765 PMCID: PMC5783399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brassinosteroids (BRs) represent a class of phytohormones, which regulate numerous aspects of growth and development. Here, a det2-9 mutant defective in BR synthesis was identified from an EMS mutant screening for defects in root length, and was used to investigate the role of BR in root development in Arabidopsis. The det2-9 mutant displays a short-root phenotype, which is result from the reduced cell number in root meristem and decreased cell size in root maturation zone. Ethylene synthesis is highly increased in the det2-9 mutant compared with the wild type, resulting in the hyper-accumulation of ethylene and the consequent inhibition of root growth. The short-root phenotype of det2-9 was partially recovered in the det2-9/acs9 double mutant and det2-9/ein3/eil1-1 triple mutant which have defects either in ethylene synthesis or ethylene signaling, respectively. Exogenous application of BR showed that BRs either positively or negatively regulate ethylene biosynthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Different from the BR induced ethylene biosynthesis through stabilizing ACSs stability, we found that the BR signaling transcription factors BES1 and BZR1 directly interacted with the promoters of ACS7, ACS9 and ACS11 to repress their expression, indicating a native regulation mechanism under physiological levels of BR. In addition, the det2-9 mutant displayed over accumulated superoxide anions (O2-) compared with the wild-type control, and the increased O2- level was shown to contribute to the inhibition of root growth. The BR-modulated control over the accumulation of O2- acted via the peroxidase pathway rather than via the NADPH oxidase pathway. This study reveals an important mechanism by which the hormone cross-regulation between BRs and ethylene or/and ROS is involved in controlling root growth and development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songchong Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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192
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Yang J, Thames S, Best NB, Jiang H, Huang P, Dilkes BP, Eveland AL. Brassinosteroids Modulate Meristem Fate and Differentiation of Unique Inflorescence Morphology in Setaria viridis. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:48-66. [PMID: 29263085 PMCID: PMC5810575 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflorescence architecture is a key determinant of yield potential in many crops and is patterned by the organization and developmental fate of axillary meristems. In cereals, flowers and grain are borne from spikelets, which differentiate in the final iteration of axillary meristem branching. In Setaria spp, inflorescence branches terminate in either a spikelet or a sterile bristle, and these structures appear to be paired. In this work, we leverage Setaria viridis to investigate a role for the phytohormones brassinosteroids (BRs) in specifying bristle identity and maintaining spikelet meristem determinacy. We report the molecular identification and characterization of the Bristleless1 (Bsl1) locus in S. viridis, which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis. Loss-of-function bsl1 mutants fail to initiate a bristle identity program, resulting in homeotic conversion of bristles to spikelets. In addition, spikelet meristem determinacy is altered in the mutants, which produce two florets per spikelet instead of one. Both of these phenotypes provide avenues for enhanced grain production in cereal crops. Our results indicate that the spatiotemporal restriction of BR biosynthesis at boundary domains influences meristem fate decisions during inflorescence development. The bsl1 mutants provide insight into the molecular basis underlying morphological variation in inflorescence architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Shuiyi Thames
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Norman B Best
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Hui Jiang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Pu Huang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Brian P Dilkes
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Andrea L Eveland
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132
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193
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Mantilla-Perez MB, Salas Fernandez MG. Differential manipulation of leaf angle throughout the canopy: current status and prospects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5699-5717. [PMID: 29126242 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is defined as the inclination between the midrib of the leaf blade and the vertical stem of a plant. This trait has been identified as a key component in the development of high-yielding varieties of cereal species, particularly maize, rice, wheat, and sorghum. The effect of leaf angle on light interception efficiency, photosynthetic rate, and yield has been investigated since the 1960s, yet, significant knowledge gaps remain in understanding the genetic control of this complex trait. Recent advances in physiology and modeling have proposed a plant ideotype with varying leaf angles throughout the canopy. In this context, we present historical and recent evidence of: (i) the effect of leaf angle on photosynthetic efficiency and yield; (ii) the hormonal regulation of this trait; (iii) the current knowledge on its quantitative genetic control; and (iv) the opportunity to utilize high-throughput phenotyping methods to characterize leaf angle at multiple canopy levels. We focus on research conducted on grass species of economic importance, with similar plant architecture and growth patterns. Finally, we present the challenges and strategies plant breeders will need to embrace in order to manipulate leaf angle differentially throughout the canopy and develop superior crops for food, feed, and fuel production.
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194
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Lin Y, Zhao Z, Zhou S, Liu L, Kong W, Chen H, Long W, Feng Z, Jiang L, Wan J. Top Bending Panicle1 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling and regulates the plant architecture in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 121:1-13. [PMID: 29073469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate several aspects of plant growth and development. Although extensive studies have shown that BR signaling is conservative in higher plants, the molecular mechanism of regulating plant architecture in rice still remains to be explored. Here, we characterized a rice mutant named top bending panicle1 (tbp1). Compared to wild type, tbp1 mutant plants displayed semi-dwarf stature, erect leaves, small and round grains, as well as more tillers. Remarkably, the panicles of tbp1 plants were shorter and denser, and the tops of the panicles were curved by rolling of the base of flag leaves, which was later verified as due to reduced bulliform cell numbers. Map-based cloning, together with transgenic complementation and RNA-interference tests, revealed that TBP1 is a member of the somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs) family involved in BR signaling. Furthermore, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that a substitution at 61st amino acid (His61Leu) in the tbp1 mutant may result in a reduction of the interaction between TBP1 and OsBRI1 (BR receptor in rice). Taken together, our results demonstrate that TBP1 plays a significant role in regulating plant architecture via the brassinosteroid signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shirong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300, Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Weiyi Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Haiyuan Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wuhua Long
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210095, China.
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195
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Hui W, Yang Y, Wu G, Peng C, Chen X, Zayed MZ. Transcriptome profile analysis reveals the regulation mechanism of floral sex differentiation in Jatropha curcas L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16421. [PMID: 29180629 PMCID: PMC5703882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Jatropha curcas contain a high percentage of biodiesel. However, low seed yield which was limited by its poor female flowers was a bottleneck for its utilization. Here, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of five different samples during floral sex differentiation stages using Illumina Hiseq 4000. Our results showed that hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in floral sex initiation period, but thousands of DEGs were involved in the stamens and ovules development process. Moreover, the DEGs were mainly shown up-regulation in male floral initiation, but mainly down-regulation in female floral initiation. Male floral initiation was associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway while female floral initiation was related to the phytohormone signal transduction pathway. Cytokinin (CTK) signaling triggered the initiation of female floral primordium, thereafter other phytohormones co-promoted the female floral development. In addition, the floral organ identity genes played important roles in floral sex differentiation process and displayed a general conservation of the ABCDE model in J. curcas. To the best of our knowledge, this data is the first comprehensive analysis of the underlying regulatory mechanism and the related genes during floral sex differentiation in J. curcas, which help in engineering high-yielding varieties of J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Hui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yuantong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Guojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P.R. China
| | - Changcao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.
| | - Mohamed Zaky Zayed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P.R. China.,Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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196
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Cao A, Jin J, Li S, Wang J. Integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiling in rice backcrossed progenies (BC2F12) with different plant height. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184106. [PMID: 28859136 PMCID: PMC5578646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-specific hybridization and backcrossing commonly occur in plants. The use of progeny generated from inter-specific hybridization and backcrossing has been developed as a novel model system to explore gene expression divergence. The present study investigated the analysis of gene expression and miRNA regulation in backcrossed introgression lines constructed from cultivated and wild rice. High-throughput sequencing was used to compare gene and miRNA expression profiles in three progeny lines (L1710, L1817 and L1730), with different plant heights resulting from the backcrossing of introgression lines (BC2F12) and their parents (O. sativa and O. longistaminata). A total of 25,387 to 26,139 mRNAs and 379 to 419 miRNAs were obtained in these rice lines. More differentially expressed genes and miRNAs were detected in progeny/O. longistaminata comparison groups than in progeny/O. sativa comparison groups. Approximately 80% of the genes and miRNAs showed expression level dominance to O. sativa, indicating that three progeny lines were closer to the recurrent parent, which might be influenced by their parental genome dosage. Approximately 16% to 64% of the differentially expressed miRNAs possessing coherent target genes were predicted, and many of these miRNAs regulated multiple target genes. Most genes were up-regulated in progeny lines compared with their parents, but down-regulated in the higher plant height line in the comparison groups among the three progeny lines. Moreover, certain genes related to cell walls and plant hormones might play crucial roles in the plant height variations of the three progeny lines. Taken together, these results provided valuable information on the molecular mechanisms of hybrid backcrossing and plant height variations based on the gene and miRNA expression levels in the three progeny lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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197
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Brassinosteroid signaling-dependent root responses to prolonged elevated ambient temperature. Nat Commun 2017; 8:309. [PMID: 28827608 PMCID: PMC5567177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their sessile nature, plants have to cope with and adjust to their fluctuating environment. Temperature elevation stimulates the growth of Arabidopsis aerial parts. This process is mediated by increased biosynthesis of the growth-promoting hormone auxin. How plant roots respond to elevated ambient temperature is however still elusive. Here we present strong evidence that temperature elevation impinges on brassinosteroid hormone signaling to alter root growth. We show that elevated temperature leads to increased root elongation, independently of auxin or factors known to drive temperature-mediated shoot growth. We further demonstrate that brassinosteroid signaling regulates root responses to elevated ambient temperature. Increased growth temperature specifically impacts on the level of the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 to downregulate brassinosteroid signaling and mediate root elongation. Our results establish that BRI1 integrates temperature and brassinosteroid signaling to regulate root growth upon long-term changes in environmental conditions associated with global warming.Moderate heat stimulates the growth of Arabidopsis shoots in an auxin-dependent manner. Here, Martins et al. show that elevated ambient temperature modifies root growth by reducing the BRI1 brassinosteroid-receptor protein level and downregulating brassinosteroid signaling.
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198
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Allen HR, Ptashnyk M. Mathematical modelling and analysis of the brassinosteroid and gibberellin signalling pathways and their interactions. J Theor Biol 2017; 432:109-131. [PMID: 28818467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormones brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) have important roles in a wide range of processes involved in plant growth and development. In this paper we derive and analyse new mathematical models for the BR signalling pathway and for the crosstalk between the BR and GA signalling pathways. To analyse the effects of spatial heterogeneity of the signalling processes, along with spatially-homogeneous ODE models we derive coupled PDE-ODE systems modelling the temporal and spatial dynamics of molecules involved in the signalling pathways. The values of the parameters in the model for the BR signalling pathway are determined using experimental data on the gene expression of BR biosynthetic enzymes. The stability of steady state solutions of our mathematical model, shown for a wide range of parameters, can be related to the BR homeostasis which is essential for proper function of plant cells. Solutions of the mathematical model for the BR signalling pathway can exhibit oscillatory behaviour only for relatively large values of parameters associated with transcription factor brassinazole-resistant1's (BZR) phosphorylation state, suggesting that this process may be important in governing the stability of signalling processes. Comparison between ODE and PDE-ODE models demonstrates distinct spatial distribution in the level of BR in the cell cytoplasm, however the spatial heterogeneity has significant effect on the dynamics of the averaged solutions only in the case when we have oscillations in solutions for at least one of the models, i.e. for possibly biologically not relevant parameter values. Our results for the crosstalk model suggest that the interaction between transcription factors BZR and DELLA exerts more influence on the dynamics of the signalling pathways than BZR-mediated biosynthesis of GA, suggesting that the interaction between transcription factors may constitute the principal mechanism of the crosstalk between the BR and GA signalling pathways. In general, perturbations in the GA signalling pathway have larger effects on the dynamics of components of the BR signalling pathway than perturbations in the BR signalling pathway on the dynamics of the GA pathway. The perturbation in the crosstalk mechanism also has a larger effect on the dynamics of the BR pathway than of the GA pathway. Large changes in the dynamics of the GA signalling processes can be observed only in the case where there are disturbances in both the BR signalling pathway and the crosstalk mechanism. Those results highlight the robustness of the GA signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Allen
- Department of Mathematics, Fulton Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Ptashnyk
- Department of Mathematics, Fulton Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
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199
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Improved methodology for analysis of multiple phytohormones using sequential magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 983:112-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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200
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Cross-talk of Brassinosteroid signaling in controlling growth and stress responses. Biochem J 2017; 474:2641-2661. [PMID: 28751549 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants are faced with a barrage of stresses in their environment and must constantly balance their growth and survival. As such, plants have evolved complex control systems that perceive and respond to external and internal stimuli in order to optimize these responses, many of which are mediated by signaling molecules such as phytohormones. One such class of molecules called Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important group of plant steroid hormones involved in numerous aspects of plant life including growth, development and response to various stresses. The molecular determinants of the BR signaling pathway have been extensively defined, starting with the membrane-localized receptor BRI1 and co-receptor BAK1 and ultimately culminating in the activation of BES1/BZR1 family transcription factors, which direct a transcriptional network controlling the expression of thousands of genes enabling BRs to influence growth and stress programs. Here, we highlight recent progress in understanding the relationship between the BR pathway and plant stress responses and provide an integrated view of the mechanisms mediating cross-talk between BR and stress signaling.
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