151
|
Role of the MAPKs/TGF-β1/TRAF6 signaling pathway in postoperative atrial fibrillation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173759. [PMID: 28323847 PMCID: PMC5360308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the relationship between the MAPKs/TGF-β1/TRAF6 signaling pathway and atrial fibrosis in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and its role in atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery on the basis of our previous animal study of the MAPKs/TGF-β1/TRAF6 signaling pathway in atrial fibrosis. Methods A total of 57 patients with RHD without a history of AF consented to left atrial biopsy. Histopathology quantified the percentage of fibrosis, and real-time PCR and western blot assessed the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1, TRAF6, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), respectively. Western blot was also used to measure the protein expression of phosphorylated MAPKs and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Serum angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Eighteen patients developed AF, whereas 39 remained in sinus rhythm (SR). The severity of atrial fibrosis was significantly higher in patients who developed AF versus those who remained in SR; the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1, TRAF6 and CTGF were significantly higher in patients with AF. The protein expression of phosphorylated MAPKs and TAK1 was significantly increased in patients who developed AF compared with the patients who remained in SR. Serum Ang II levels were significantly higher in patients who developed AF versus those who remained in SR. Conclusion The MAPKs/TGF-β1/TRAF6 signaling pathway is involved in atrial fibrosis in patients with RHD, which results in the occurrence of AF after cardiac surgery.
Collapse
|
152
|
Zhou HT, Yu XF, Zhou GM. Diosgenin inhibits angiotensin II-induced extracellular matrix remodeling in cardiac fibroblasts through regulating the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2823-2828. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
153
|
Fibulin-6 regulates pro-fibrotic TGF-β responses in neonatal mouse ventricular cardiac fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42725. [PMID: 28209981 PMCID: PMC5314373 DOI: 10.1038/srep42725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-6, an essential component of extracellular matrix determines the architecture of cellular junctions in tissues undergoing strain. Increased expression and deposition of fibulin-6 facilitates fibroblast migration in response to TGF-β, following myocardial infarction in mouse heart. The underlying mechanism still remains elusive. In conjunction with our previous study, we have now demonstrated that in fibulin-6 knockdown (KD) fibroblasts, not only TGF-β dependent migration, but also stress fiber formation, cellular networking and subsequently fibroblast wound contraction is almost abrogated. SMAD dependent TGF-β pathway shows ~75% decreased translocation of R-SMAD and co-SMAD into the nucleus upon fibulin-6 KD. Consequently, SMAD dependent pro-fibrotic gene expression is considerably down regulated to basal levels both in mRNA and protein. Also, investigating the non-SMAD pathways we observed a constitutive increase in pERK-levels in fibulin-6 KD fibroblast compared to control, but no change was seen in pAKT. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed 60% reduced interaction of TGF-β receptor II and I (TGFRII and I) accompanied by diminished phosphorylation of TGFRI at serin165 in fibulin-6 KD cells. In conclusion, fibulin-6 plays an important role in regulating TGF-β mediated responses, by modulating TGF-β receptor dimerization and activation to further trigger downstream pathways.
Collapse
|
154
|
Suliman HB, Keenan JE, Piantadosi CA. Mitochondrial quality-control dysregulation in conditional HO-1 -/- mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89676. [PMID: 28194437 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1; HO-1) pathway was tested for defense of mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocyte-specific Hmox1 KO mice (HO-1[CM]-/-) exposed to oxidative stress (100% O2). After 48 hours of exposure, these mice showed persistent cardiac inflammation and oxidative tissue damage that caused sarcomeric disruption, cardiomyocyte death, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiomyopathy, while control hearts showed minimal damage. After hyperoxia, HO-1(CM)-/- hearts showed suppression of the Pgc-1α/nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) axis, swelling, low electron density mitochondria by electron microscopy (EM), increased cell death, and extensive collagen deposition. The damage mechanism involves structurally deficient autophagy/mitophagy, impaired LC3II processing, and failure to upregulate Pink1- and Park2-mediated mitophagy. The mitophagy pathway was suppressed through loss of NRF-1 binding to proximal promoter sites on both genes. These results indicate that cardiac Hmox1 induction not only prevents heme toxicity, but also regulates the timing and registration of genetic programs for mitochondrial quality control that limit cell death, pathological remodeling, and cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Anesthesiology.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Randhawa PK, Jaggi AS. TRPV1 channels in cardiovascular system: A double edged sword? Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
156
|
Friedman A, Hao W. Mathematical modeling of liver fibrosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2017; 14:143-164. [PMID: 27879125 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2017010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the formation of excessive fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue, which occurs in reparative process or in response to inflammation. Fibrotic diseases are characterized by abnormal excessive deposition of fibrous proteins, such as collagen, and the disease is most commonly progressive, leading to organ disfunction and failure. Although fibrotic diseases evolve in a similar way in all organs, differences may occur as a result of structure and function of the specific organ. In liver fibrosis, the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring the progression of the disease is biopsy, which is invasive and cannot be repeated frequently. For this reason there is currently a great interest in identifying non-invasive biomarkers for liver fibrosis. In this paper, we develop for the first time a mathematical model of liver fibrosis by a system of partial differential equations. We use the model to explore the efficacy of potential and currently used drugs aimed at blocking the progression of liver fibrosis. We also use the model to develop a diagnostic tool based on a combination of two biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute and Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
157
|
Val-Blasco A, Prieto P, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Benito G, Vallejo-Cremades MT, Pacheco I, González-Peramato P, Agra N, Terrón V, Delgado C, Martín-Sanz P, Boscá L, Fernández-Velasco M. NOD1 activation in cardiac fibroblasts induces myocardial fibrosis in a murine model of type 2 diabetes. Biochem J 2017; 474:399-410. [PMID: 27803247 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis and chronic inflammation are common complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Since nucleotide oligomerization-binding domain 1 (NOD1), an innate immune receptor, is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes outcomes, we sought to investigate its involvement in cardiac fibrosis. Here, we show that selective staining of cardiac fibroblasts from T2D (db/db;db) mice exhibits up-regulation and activation of the NOD1 pathway, resulting in enhanced NF-κB and TGF-β signalling. Activation of the TGF-β pathway in cardiac fibroblasts from db mice was prevented after inhibition of NF-κB with BAY-11-7082 (BAY). Moreover, fibrosis progression in db mice was also prevented by BAY treatment. Enhanced TGF-β signalling and cardiac fibrosis of db mice was dependent, at least in part, on the sequential activation of NOD1 and NF-κB since treatment of db mice with a selective NOD1 agonist induced activation of the TGF-β pathway, but co-administration of a NOD1 agonist plus BAY, or a NOD1 inhibitor prevented the NOD1-induced fibrosis. Therefore, NOD1 is involved in cardiac fibrosis associated with diabetes, and establishes a new mechanism for the development of heart fibrosis linked to T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Val-Blasco
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Gonzalez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Gemma Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar González-Peramato
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Noelia Agra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Verónica Terrón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Lombardi C, Spigoni V, Gorga E, Dei Cas A. Novel insight into the dangerous connection between diabetes and heart failure. Herz 2017; 41:201-7. [PMID: 27071966 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-016-4415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 1-2 % of the adult population. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most frequent comorbidities in HF, portending a worse prognosis. DM is associated with an increased risk of artery disease, and consequently of post-ischemic HF, but it may also alter directly the myocardial structure and function. Insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been provided by both experimental and clinical investigations. In recent years, it has emerged that the fibrotic process is a result of the convergence of multiple neurohormonal alterations in diabetic cardiomyopathy at the basis of disease progression and phenotype determination: HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Therapies for HF and DM should demonstrate an improved prognosis and have a neutral effect on glucose homeostasis and the risk of HF development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lombardi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma and AOU of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - V Spigoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Cardiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Gorga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Cardiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Dei Cas
- , Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Chen J, Cao W, Asare PF, Lv M, Zhu Y, Li L, Wei J, Gao H, Zhang H, Mao H, Gao X, Fan G. Amelioration of cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction by danhong injection are critically contributed by anti-TGF-β-mediated fibrosis and angiogenesis mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:559-570. [PMID: 27729285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danhong injection (DHI) is a standardized product extracted from Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Flos Carthami , which has been long applied mainly used to treat ischemic encephalopathy and cardiac diseases including myocardial infarction and angina in clinical practice. AIM OF THE STUDY Aim of this study was to investigate the salutary effects of DHI by slowing ventricular remodeling and improving cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ligation on left anterior descending coronary artery to establish MI models and valsartan was selected as positive control. Cardiac function examination was conducted at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and the 28th days after LAD. Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were conducted to observe cardiac pathology and morphological changes levels of VEGF, TGF-β, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the myocardial tissue were determined in gene and protein expressions. RESULTS After 3 days post-treatment and thereafter, EF and FS in DHI group were greater than that of model group (p<0.05). Compared with the MI group, ratio of infarct was markedly decreased in treated-DHI group(p<0.05). TGF-β1 protein and fibrosis-related proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9 were up-regulated after MI, and they were significantly suppressed by the administration of DHI(p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Moreover, DHI improved the mRNA expression of VEGF and increased the blood vessel density of myocardial infarct border zone. DHI decreased the expression of cell apoptosis protein of caspase-3 and increased the anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS We provided direct evidences that DHI improves cardiac remodeling and preserves ventricular function post-MI in rats. DHI conferred cardio-protection in rats with MI via anti-myocardial apoptosis, angiogenesis, reduction of myocardial fibrosis and many other aspects of joint actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Patrick Fordjour Asare
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ming Lv
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Haoping Mao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Chen SW, Tung YC, Jung SM, Chu Y, Lin PJ, Kao WWY, Chu PH. Lumican-null mice are susceptible to aging and isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1304-1311. [PMID: 27939890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With aging and stress, the myocardium undergoes structural remodeling, often leading to fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to examine whether lumican, one of the class II small leucine-rich proteoglycans, has a protective role in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. In attempts to elucidate the hypothesis that lumican may have a protective role in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis, we compared the cardiac phenotypes of young (3-month-old) and elder (6-month- and 12-month-old) lumican-null (Lum-/-) mice. Extra-cellular matrix remodeling and apoptosis are examined to determine the roles of lumican on age-dependent cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol. Compared to wild type littermates, Lum-/- mice exhibited higher mortality due to significantly impaired systolic function, which was associated with an increase of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secreted by the ventricles in response to excessive stretching of myocytes. Masson's Trichrome and silver stains showed significantly more severe ventricle fibrosis in Lum-/- mice. Interestingly, rate of cell death mediated via apoptosis illustrated by the expression of caspase 3 and TUNEL assay was lower in Lum-/- mice after isoproterenol infusion. In addition, Lum-/- mice exhibited higher levels of TGF-β, collagen I/III, and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP/MMP-14) during cardiac remodeling. This study shows that alternations of lumican might be implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and suggests lumican as novel targets for cardiac fibrosis therapy. Further studies are required to define the mechanism by which lumican modulates cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Chen
- Divisiont of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University; Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chang Tung
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Pathology, Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen Chu
- Divisiont of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pyng-Jing Lin
- Divisiont of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 5267-0838, USA
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Failure Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Subramanian V, Seemann I, Merl-Pham J, Hauck SM, Stewart FA, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S, Azimzadeh O. Role of TGF Beta and PPAR Alpha Signaling Pathways in Radiation Response of Locally Exposed Heart: Integrated Global Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:307-318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Subramanian
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingar Seemann
- Division
of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit Protein Science, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Centre for Environmental Health GmbH, Research Unit Protein Science, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Fiona A. Stewart
- Division
of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Wahyudi H, Reynolds AA, Li Y, Owen SC, Yu SM. Targeting collagen for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic delivery. J Control Release 2016; 240:323-331. [PMID: 26773768 PMCID: PMC4936964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As the most abundant protein in mammals and a major structural component in extracellular matrix, collagen holds a pivotal role in tissue development and maintaining the homeostasis of our body. Persistent disruption to the balance between collagen production and degradation can cause a variety of diseases, some of which can be fatal. Collagen remodeling can lead to either an overproduction of collagen which can cause excessive collagen accumulation in organs, common to fibrosis, or uncontrolled degradation of collagen seen in degenerative diseases such as arthritis. Therefore, the ability to monitor the state of collagen is crucial for determining the presence and progression of numerous diseases. This review discusses the implications of collagen remodeling and its detection methods with specific focus on targeting native collagens as well as denatured collagens. It aims to help researchers understand the pathobiology of collagen-related diseases and create novel collagen targeting therapeutics and imaging modalities for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendra Wahyudi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amanda A Reynolds
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shawn C Owen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - S Michael Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Kornej J, Ueberham L, Schmidl J, Husser D, Adams V, Hindricks G, Bollmann A. Addition of TGF-β1 to existing clinical risk scores does not improve prediction for arrhythmia recurrences after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:52-4. [PMID: 27400297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kornej
- University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Laura Ueberham
- University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephin Schmidl
- University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Husser
- University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bollmann
- University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Li L, Hou X, Xu R, Liu C, Tu M. Research review on the pharmacological effects of astragaloside IV. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 31:17-36. [PMID: 27567103 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus Bunge has been used to treat numerous diseases for thousands of years. As the main active substance of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, astragaloside IV (AS-IV) also demonstrates the potent protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, liver fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Based on studies published during the past several decades, the current state of AS-IV research and the pharmacological effects are detailed, elucidated, and summarized. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacological effects, metabolism mechanism, and the toxicity of AS-IV. AS-IV has multiple pharmacologic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidative stress, anti-asthma, antidiabetes, immunoregulation, and cardioprotective effect via numerous signaling pathways. According to the existing studies and clinical practices, AS-IV possesses potential for broad application in many diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiao Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Menbayaer Tu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Liu X, Liang E, Song X, Du Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Inhibition of Pin1 alleviates myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:109-15. [PMID: 27634219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic management of diabetic myocardial fibrosis remains an unsolved clinical problem. Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, impacts diverse cellular processes and plays a pivotal role in regulating cardiac pathophysiology. Here we investigate the potential mechanism of action of Pin1 and its role in diabetes-induced myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction in mice. Cardiac Pin1, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and extracellular matrix deposits (collagen I and III) are found to be increased in diabetic mice, which are effectively prevented by Pin1 inhibition by juglone. Pin1 inhibition alleviates cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In vitro, high glucose increases Pin1 expression with an accompanying increase in phospho-Akt (Ser 473), p-Smad2, p-Smad3, TGF-β1, and α-SMA in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). These increases are effectively prevented by the inhibition of Pin1 by juglone. Furthermore, Pin1 inhibition inhibits HG-induced CF proliferation and migration. Our results indicate that Pin1 inhibition attenuates cardiac extracellular matrix deposition by regulating the phosphorylation of Akt, TGF-β1/Smads, MMP activities, and α-SMA expression in diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ershun Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiuhui Song
- The People's Hospital of JimoCity, Qingdao, Shandong 266200, China
| | - Zhanhui Du
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Polejaeva IA, Ranjan R, Davies CJ, Regouski M, Hall J, Olsen AL, Meng Q, Rutigliano HM, Dosdall DJ, Angel NA, Sachse FB, Seidel T, Thomas AJ, Stott R, Panter KE, Lee PM, Van Wettere AJ, Stevens JR, Wang Z, MacLeod RS, Marrouche NF, White KL. Increased Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation Secondary to Atrial Fibrosis in Transgenic Goats Expressing Transforming Growth Factor-β1. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2016; 27:1220-1229. [PMID: 27447370 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large animal models of progressive atrial fibrosis would provide an attractive platform to study relationship between structural and electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF). Here we established a new transgenic goat model of AF with cardiac specific overexpression of TGF-β1 and investigated the changes in the cardiac structure and function leading to AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Transgenic goats with cardiac specific overexpression of constitutively active TGF-β1 were generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer. We examined myocardial tissue, ECGs, echocardiographic data, and AF susceptibility in transgenic and wild-type control goats. Transgenic goats exhibited significant increase in fibrosis and myocyte diameters in the atria compared to controls, but not in the ventricles. P-wave duration was significantly greater in transgenic animals starting at 12 months of age, but no significant chamber enlargement was detected, suggesting conduction slowing in the atria. Furthermore, this transgenic goat model exhibited a significant increase in AF vulnerability. Six of 8 transgenic goats (75%) were susceptible to AF induction and exhibited sustained AF (>2 minutes), whereas none of 6 controls displayed sustained AF (P < 0.01). Length of induced AF episodes was also significantly greater in the transgenic group compared to controls (687 ± 212.02 seconds vs. 2.50 ± 0.88 seconds, P < 0.0001), but no persistent or permanent AF was observed. CONCLUSION A novel transgenic goat model with a substrate for AF was generated. In this model, cardiac overexpression of TGF-β1 led to an increase in fibrosis and myocyte size in the atria, and to progressive P-wave prolongation. We suggest that these factors underlie increased AF susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- CARMA Center, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Christopher J Davies
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Misha Regouski
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Justin Hall
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Aaron L Olsen
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Qinggang Meng
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Heloisa M Rutigliano
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Derek J Dosdall
- Center for Engineering Innovation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nathan A Angel
- CARMA Center, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Frank B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Aaron J Thomas
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Rusty Stott
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Kip E Panter
- USDA ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | - Pamela M Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - John R Stevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Rob S MacLeod
- CARMA Center, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nassir F Marrouche
- CARMA Center, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kenneth L White
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Zhao Z, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Li J, Yuan M, Liu T, Li G. Cilostazol Prevents Atrial Structural Remodeling through the MEK/ERK Pathway in a Canine Model of Atrial Tachycardia. Cardiology 2016; 135:240-248. [PMID: 27532517 DOI: 10.1159/000447769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. Atrial structural remodeling (ASR), particularly atrial fibrosis, is an important contributor to the AF substrate. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol on ASR and its potential molecular mechanisms in a canine model of rapid atrial pacing (RAP). METHODS Thirty dogs were assigned to sham (Sham), paced/ no treatment (Paced) and paced + cilostazol 5 mg/kg/day (Paced + cilo) groups, with 10 dogs in each group. RAP at 500 beats/min was maintained for 2 weeks, while the Sham group was instrumented without pacing. Cilostazol was provided orally during pacing. Western blotting, RT-PCR and pathology were used to assess ASR. RESULTS Cilostazol attenuated atrial interstitial fibrosis and structural remodeling in canines with RAP. MEK/ERK transduction pathway gene expression was upregulated in the Paced group compared with the Sham group. Cilostazol markedly alleviated these changes in the MEK/ERK pathway. Transforming growth factor-β1 protein expression in the Paced group was significantly higher than in the Sham group (p < 0.01), and was significantly reduced by cilostazol (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cilostazol is beneficial for prevention and treatment in atrial tachycardia-induced ASR in a canine model of RAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
168
|
|
169
|
Zhao L, Mi Y, Guan H, Xu Y, Mei Y. Velvet antler peptide prevents pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis via transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 pathway inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 783:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
170
|
Zhang L, Zhang N, Tang X, Liu F, Luo S, Xiao H. Increased α-Actinin-2 Expression in the Atrial Myocardium of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Related to Rheumatic Heart Disease. Cardiology 2016; 135:151-159. [PMID: 27344599 DOI: 10.1159/000446362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atrial fibrosis, a marker of atrial structural remodeling, plays a critical role in atrial fibrillation (AF). α- Actinin-2 is associated with structural remodeling related to stretching. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad pathway plays an important role in atrial fibrosis. We investigated the effects of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway on α-actinin-2 in atrial fibrosis in patients with AF. METHODS Forty-one right atrial specimens obtained from patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) were divided into a chronic (c)AF group, i.e. RHD + cAF (n = 29), and a sinus rhythm group, i.e. RHD + sinus rhythm (n = 12). Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and sinus rhythm who underwent heart surgery served as controls (n = 10). Fibrosis was assessed by histological examination, and expression of α-actinin-2, TGF-β1 and Smad2/phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. In rat atrial fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1, the collagen content was measured using hydroxyproline detection, and α-actinin-2 and p-Smad2 were evaluated by semiquantitative reverse-transcription PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS The histology results revealed a significant increase in atrial fibrosis in AF patients. The collagen content, mRNA and protein expression levels of α-actinin-2 and the components of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway were significantly gradually increased in the CHD + sinus rhythm, RHD + sinus rhythm and RHD + cAF groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of α-actinin-2 and TGF-β1 in RHD patients were positively correlated with the collagen volume fraction. A positive correlation between the expression of α-actinin-2 and TGF-β1 was also observed. In rat atrial fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1, the collagen content was greater than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of α- actinin-2 and p-Smad2 were also upregulated (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS α-Actinin-2 expression was increased in the atrial tissues of patients with AF secondary to RHD. α-Actinin-2 was upregulated via the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in atrial fibroblasts, which suggests that it may be involved in TGF-β1/Smad pathway-induced atrial fibrosis in patients with AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
171
|
An Expanded View of Progressive Cardiorenal Disorders. Am J Med Sci 2016; 351:626-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
172
|
Kunamalla A, Ng J, Parini V, Yoo S, McGee KA, Tomson TT, Gordon D, Thorp EB, Lomasney J, Zhang Q, Shah S, Browne S, Knight BP, Passman R, Goldberger JJ, Aistrup G, Arora R. Constitutive Expression of a Dominant-Negative TGF-β Type II Receptor in the Posterior Left Atrium Leads to Beneficial Remodeling of Atrial Fibrillation Substrate. Circ Res 2016; 119:69-82. [PMID: 27217399 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fibrosis is an important structural contributor to formation of atrial fibrillation (AF) substrate in heart failure. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is thought to be intricately involved in creation of atrial fibrosis. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that gene-based expression of dominant-negative type II TGF-β receptor (TGF-β-RII-DN) in the posterior left atrium in a canine heart failure model will sufficiently attenuate fibrosis-induced changes in atrial conduction and restitution to decrease AF. Because AF electrograms are thought to reflect AF substrate, we further hypothesized that TGF-β-RII-DN would lead to increased fractionation and decreased organization of AF electrograms. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-one dogs underwent injection+electroporation in the posterior left atrium of plasmid expressing a dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptor (pUBc-TGFβ-DN-RII; n=9) or control vector (pUBc-LacZ; n=12), followed by 3 to 4 weeks of right ventricular tachypacing (240 bpm). Compared with controls, dogs treated with pUBC-TGFβ-DN-RII demonstrated an attenuated increase in conduction inhomogeneity, flattening of restitution slope and decreased duration of induced AF, with AF electrograms being more fractionated and less organized in pUBc-TGFβ-DN-RII versus pUBc-LacZ dogs. Tissue analysis revealed a significant decrease in replacement/interstitial fibrosis, p-SMAD2/3 and p-ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS Targeted gene-based reduction of TGF-β signaling in the posterior left atrium-with resulting decrease in replacement fibrosis-led to beneficial remodeling of both conduction and restitution characteristics of the posterior left atrium, translating into a decrease in AF and increased complexity of AF electrograms. In addition to providing mechanistic insights, this data may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kunamalla
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jason Ng
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Vamsi Parini
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shin Yoo
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kate A McGee
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Todd T Tomson
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - David Gordon
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Edward B Thorp
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jon Lomasney
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Qiang Zhang
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Suzanne Browne
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Bradley P Knight
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rod Passman
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeffrey J Goldberger
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Gary Aistrup
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rishi Arora
- From the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Li J, Yang Y, Ng CY, Zhang Z, Liu T, Li G. Association of Plasma Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Levels and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155275. [PMID: 27171383 PMCID: PMC4865111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have demonstrated that plasma transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) may be involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), but some discrepancy remained. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the plasma level of TGF-β1 and the risk of AF. Methods Published clinical studies evaluating the association between the plasma level of TGF-β1 and the risk of AF were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE databases. Two reviewers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies and extracted study data. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate for heterogeneity between studies. Results Of the 395 studies identified initially, 13 studies were included into our analysis, with a total of 3354 patients. Higher plasma level of TGF-β1 was associated with increased risk of AF when evaluated as both a continuous variable (SMD 0.67; 95%CI 0.29–1.05) and a categorical variable (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests an association between elevated plasma TGF-β1 and new onset AF. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further investigate the relationship between plasma TGF-β1 and the occurrence of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chee Yuan Ng
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, United States of America
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TL); (GL)
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TL); (GL)
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Rodrigues PG, Leite-Moreira AF, Falcão-Pires I. Myocardial reverse remodeling: how far can we rewind? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1402-22. [PMID: 26993225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00696.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a systemic disease that can be divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF accounts for over 50% of all HF patients and is typically associated with high prevalence of several comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary hypertension, obesity, and atrial fibrillation. Myocardial remodeling occurs both in HFrEF and HFpEF and it involves changes in cardiac structure, myocardial composition, and myocyte deformation and multiple biochemical and molecular alterations that impact heart function and its reserve capacity. Understanding the features of myocardial remodeling has become a major objective for limiting or reversing its progression, the latter known as reverse remodeling (RR). Research on HFrEF RR process is broader and has delivered effective therapeutic strategies, which have been employed for some decades. However, the RR process in HFpEF is less clear partly due to the lack of information on HFpEF pathophysiology and to the long list of failed standard HF therapeutics strategies in these patient's outcomes. Nevertheless, new proteins, protein-protein interactions, and signaling pathways are being explored as potential new targets for HFpEF remodeling and RR. Here, we review recent translational and clinical research in HFpEF myocardial remodeling to provide an overview on the most important features of RR, comparing HFpEF with HFrEF conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia G Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dogs with mitral valve disease. Vet J 2016; 211:45-51. [PMID: 27033593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF). In humans with CHF, increased production and high plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-8 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) have been associated with disease progression and a negative prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether differences in cytokine blood mRNA expression exist between clinically healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD); to determine if the expression was related to the severity of MMVD, and to detect any correlations with echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodelling. Twenty-three dogs with MMVD of varying severity and six clinically healthy dogs were included in the study. Whole blood samples were obtained for measurement of mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, TNF-α by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). There were statistically significant differences between clinically healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD for IL-8 and TGF-β1 gene expression. IL-8 expression increased with increasing MMVD severity and TGF-β1 expression was higher in asymptomatic dogs with echocardiographic signs of cardiac remodelling (American College Veterinary Internal Medicine class B2) than in all other groups. These results could suggest the involvement of these cytokines at different stages of the disease.
Collapse
|
176
|
Muehlenbachs A, Bollweg BC, Schulz TJ, Forrester JD, DeLeon Carnes M, Molins C, Ray GS, Cummings PM, Ritter JM, Blau DM, Andrew TA, Prial M, Ng DL, Prahlow JA, Sanders JH, Shieh WJ, Paddock CD, Schriefer ME, Mead P, Zaki SR. Cardiac Tropism of Borrelia burgdorferi: An Autopsy Study of Sudden Cardiac Death Associated with Lyme Carditis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1195-205. [PMID: 26968341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatal Lyme carditis caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi rarely is identified. Here, we describe the pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings of five case patients. These sudden cardiac deaths associated with Lyme carditis occurred from late summer to fall, ages ranged from young adult to late 40s, and four patients were men. Autopsy tissue samples were evaluated by light microscopy, Warthin-Starry stain, immunohistochemistry, and PCR for B. burgdorferi, and immunohistochemistry for complement components C4d and C9, CD3, CD79a, and decorin. Post-mortem blood was tested by serology. Interstitial lymphocytic pancarditis in a relatively characteristic road map distribution was present in all cases. Cardiomyocyte necrosis was minimal, T cells outnumbered B cells, plasma cells were prominent, and mild fibrosis was present. Spirochetes in the cardiac interstitium associated with collagen fibers and co-localized with decorin. Rare spirochetes were seen in the leptomeninges of two cases by immunohistochemistry. Spirochetes were not seen in other organs examined, and joint tissue was not available for evaluation. Although rare, sudden cardiac death caused by Lyme disease might be an under-recognized entity and is characterized by pancarditis and marked tropism of spirochetes for cardiac tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atis Muehlenbachs
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Brigid C Bollweg
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Joseph D Forrester
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Marlene DeLeon Carnes
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Claudia Molins
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | | | | | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dianna M Blau
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas A Andrew
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Concord, New Hampshire
| | | | - Dianna L Ng
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph A Prahlow
- The Medical Foundation, South Bend, Indiana; Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Jeanine H Sanders
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wun Ju Shieh
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher D Paddock
- Rickettsial Zoonotic Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Martin E Schriefer
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Paul Mead
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Lamar KM, Miller T, Dellefave-Castillo L, McNally EM. Genotype-Specific Interaction of Latent TGFβ Binding Protein 4 with TGFβ. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150358. [PMID: 26918958 PMCID: PMC4769137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent TGFβ binding proteins are extracellular matrix proteins that bind latent TGFβ to form the large latent complex. Nonsynonymous polymorphisms in LTBP4, a member of the latent TGFβ binding protein gene family, have been linked to several human diseases, underscoring the importance of TGFβ regulation for a range of phenotypes. Because of strong linkage disequilibrium across the LTBP4 gene, humans have two main LTBP4 alleles that differ at four amino acid positions, referred to as IAAM and VTTT for the encoded residues. VTTT is considered the “risk” allele and associates with increased intracellular TGFβ signaling and more deleterious phenotypes in muscular dystrophy and other diseases. We now evaluated LTBP4 nsSNPs in dilated cardiomyopathy, a distinct disorder associated with TGFβ signaling. We stratified based on self-identified ethnicity and found that the LTBP4 VTTT allele is associated with increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy in European Americans extending the diseases that associate with LTBP4 genotype. However, the association of LTBP4 SNPs with dilated cardiomyopathy was not observed in African Americans. To elucidate the mechanism by which LTBP4 genotype exerts this differential effect, TGFβ’s association with LTBP4 protein was examined. LTBP4 protein with the IAAM residues bound more latent TGFβ compared to the LTBP4 VTTT protein. Together these data provide support that LTBP4 genotype exerts its effect through differential avidity for TGFβ accounting for the differences in TGFβ signaling attributed to these two alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay-Marie Lamar
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tamari Miller
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa Dellefave-Castillo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Lee SH, Choi JH. Involvement of Immune Cell Network in Aortic Valve Stenosis: Communication between Valvular Interstitial Cells and Immune Cells. Immune Netw 2016; 16:26-32. [PMID: 26937229 PMCID: PMC4770097 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is a heart disease prevalent in the elderly characterized by valvular calcification, fibrosis, and inflammation, but its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Previously, aortic valve stenosis was thought to be caused by chronic passive and degenerative changes associated with aging. However, recent studies have demonstrated that atherosclerotic processes and inflammation can induce valvular calcification and bone deposition, leading to valvular stenosis. In particular, the most abundant cell type in cardiac valves, valvular interstitial cells, can differentiate into myofibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells, leading to valvular calcification and stenosis. Differentiation of valvular interstitial cells can be trigged by inflammatory stimuli from several immune cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and mast cells. This review indicates that crosstalk between immune cells and valvular interstitial cells plays an important role in the development of aortic valve stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Bagchi RA, Wang R, Jahan F, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP. Regulation of scleraxis transcriptional activity by serine phosphorylation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:140-8. [PMID: 26883788 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are the major extracellular matrix producing cells in the heart. Our laboratory was the first to demonstrate that the transcription factor scleraxis induces collagen 1α2 expression in both cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Here we identify a novel post-translational mechanism by which scleraxis activity is regulated and determine its effect on transcription of genes targeted by scleraxis. Putative serine phosphorylation sites on scleraxis were revealed by in silico analysis using motif prediction software. Mutation of key serine residues to alanine, which cannot be phosphorylated, significantly attenuated the expression of fibrillar type I collagen and myofibroblast marker genes that are normally induced by scleraxis. Down-regulation of collagen 1α2 expression was due to reduced binding of the non-phosphorylated scleraxis mutant to specific E-box DNA-binding sites within the promoter as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation in human cardiac myofibroblast cells and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. This is the first evidence suggesting that scleraxis is phosphorylated under basal conditions. The phosphorylation sequence matched that targeted by Casein Kinase 2, and inhibition of this kinase activity disrupted the ability of scleraxis to modulate the expression of its target genes while also attenuating TGFβ-induced expression of type I collagen and myofibroblast phenotype conversion marker genes. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism for regulation of scleraxis activity, which may prove to be tractable for pharmacologic manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rushita A Bagchi
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ryan Wang
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Fahmida Jahan
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Wigle
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Zhang G, Yang G, Deng Y, Zhao X, Yang Y, Rao J, Wang W, Liu X, He J, Lv L. Ameliorative effects of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin and Wen-Dan decoction on myocardial fibrosis in a hypertensive rat mode. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:56. [PMID: 26852136 PMCID: PMC4744408 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction (XFZYD), Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin (TMGTY) and Wen-Dan decoction (WDD) are Chinese herbal formulas used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The goal of our study is to determine if XFZYD, TMGTY or WDD treatment ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and to identify the mechanisms underlying any beneficial effects observed during the courses of the investigation. Methods Forty-five 12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and five age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto control rats were studied for 16 weeks. Each day 6 g∙kg−1 or 12 g∙kg−1 of XFZYD, TMGTY or WDD was orally administered at the indicated dose, and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of all rats was measured using the tail-cuff method. Collagen levels were measured via hydroxyproline content assays and histological examination. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) protein levels were determined via immunhistochemical and Western blot analysis. TGF-β1 mRNA levels were assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Systolic blood pressure was unaffected, but collagen and TGF-β1 levels in SHRs treated with captopril and XFZYD (12 g∙kg−1) were significantly reduced when compared with untreated control SHRs. Administration of 12 g∙kg−1 XFZYD increased myocardial cell protection and decreased TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression when compared with the other SHR treatment groups. Conclusions XFZYD treatment demonstrated a superior ability to reverse myocardial fibrosis when compared with WDD or TMGTY treatment in SHRs. XFZYD also decreased TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression, suggesting that the TGF-β1 signaling pathway plays a role in the therapeutic effects of XFZYD treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1030-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
181
|
Stoppel WL, Kaplan DL, Black LD. Electrical and mechanical stimulation of cardiac cells and tissue constructs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:135-55. [PMID: 26232525 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The field of cardiac tissue engineering has made significant strides over the last few decades, highlighted by the development of human cell derived constructs that have shown increasing functional maturity over time, particularly using bioreactor systems to stimulate the constructs. However, the functionality of these tissues is still unable to match that of native cardiac tissue and many of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes display an immature, fetal like phenotype. In this review, we seek to elucidate the biological underpinnings of both mechanical and electrical signaling, as identified via studies related to cardiac development and those related to an evaluation of cardiac disease progression. Next, we review the different types of bioreactors developed to individually deliver electrical and mechanical stimulation to cardiomyocytes in vitro in both two and three-dimensional tissue platforms. Reactors and culture conditions that promote functional cardiomyogenesis in vitro are also highlighted. We then cover the more recent work in the development of bioreactors that combine electrical and mechanical stimulation in order to mimic the complex signaling environment present in vivo. We conclude by offering our impressions on the important next steps for physiologically relevant mechanical and electrical stimulation of cardiac cells and engineered tissue in vitro.
Collapse
|
182
|
Wu L, Mei L, Chong L, Huang Y, Li Y, Chu M, Yang X. Olmesartan ameliorates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling through inhibition of TAK1/p38 signaling in mice. Life Sci 2016; 145:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
183
|
Zheng XX, Li XY, Lyu YN, He YY, Wan WG, Zhu HL, Jiang XJ. Possible mechanism by which renal sympathetic denervation improves left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:260-71. [PMID: 26556551 DOI: 10.1113/ep085302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The enzyme system that is responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover is the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which can be blocked by the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). Whether renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is able to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling through attenuation of ECM via regulation of MMP activity and/or the MMP-TIMP complex remains unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Renal sympathetic denervation has therapeutic effects on post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodelling, probably by attenuating the ECM through regulation of the MMP9-TIMP1 complex in the transforming growth factor-β1 (a profibrotic cytokine that accelerates ECM remodelling after ischaemia) signalling pathway. Whether renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is able to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) left ventricular (LV) remodelling by attenuation of the extracellular matrix via regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and/or the MMP-tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) complex remains unknown. Sixty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: normal (N, n = 15), RSD (RSD, n = 15), myocardial infarction (MI, n = 15) and RSD 3 days after MI (MI3d+RSD, n = 20). The bilateral renal nerves were surgically denervated 3 days after MI had been induced by coronary artery ligation. Left ventricular function was assessed using echocardiography and a Millar catheter at 6 weeks post-MI. Plasma noradrenaline, angiotensin II and aldosterone, collagen volume fraction, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP1 in heart tissue were measured 6 weeks after MI. In rats with MI3d+RSD compared with MI rats, RSD improved systolic and diastolic function, resulting in an improvement in ejection fraction (P < 0.05), fractional shortening (P < 0.05) and LV internal dimension in systole (P < 0.05) and diastole (P < 0.05). Additionally, RSD treatment decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P < 0.05) and increased LV systolic pressure (P < 0.05) and maximal and minimal rate of LV pressure (both P < 0.05). Meanwhile, RSD reduced collagen content (P < 0.01). TIMP1 was upregulated (P < 0.05), whereas MMP2, MMP9 and TGF-β1 were downregulated in the LV of RSD-treated animals (P < 0.05). Renal sympathetic denervation has therapeutic effects on post-MI LV remodelling, probably owing to effects on the extracellular matrix by regulation of the MMP9-TIMP1 balance in the TGF-β1 signalling pathway. Renal sympathetic denervation may be considered as a non-pharmacological approach for the improvement of post-MI cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yong-Nan Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi-Yu He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hong-Ling Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xue-Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Fonfara S, Hetzel U, Hahn S, Kipar A. Age- and gender-dependent myocardial transcription patterns of cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cats with non-cardiac diseases. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
185
|
Zhang K, He X, Zhou Y, Gao L, Qi Z, Chen J, Gao X. Atorvastatin Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats. Radiat Res 2015; 184:611-20. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14075.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
186
|
Hale TM. Persistent phenotypic shift in cardiac fibroblasts: impact of transient renin angiotensin system inhibition. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 93:125-32. [PMID: 26631495 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic cardiac remodeling ultimately leads to heart failure - a debilitating and costly condition. Select antihypertensive agents have been effective in reducing or slowing the development of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, some experimental studies have shown that the reduction in fibrosis induced by these agents persists long after stopping treatment. What has not been as well investigated is whether this transient treatment results in a protection against future fibrotic cardiac remodeling. In the present review, previously published studies are re-examined to assess whether the relative percent increase in collagen deposition over an off-treatment period is attenuated, relative to control, following transient antihypertensive treatment in young or adult rats. Present findings suggest that transient inhibition of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) not only produces a sustained reduction in cardiac fibrosis, but also results in a degree of protection against future collagen deposition. In addition, prior transient RAS inhibition appears to alter the cardiac fibroblast phenotype such that these cells show a muted response to myocardial injury - namely reduced proliferation, chemokine release, and collagen deposition. This review puts forth several potential mechanisms underlying this long-term cardiac protection that is afforded by transient RAS inhibition. Specifically, fibroblast phenotypic change, cardiac fibroblast apoptosis, sustained suppression of the RAS, persistent reduction in left ventricular hypertrophy, and persistent reduction in arterial pressure are each discussed. Identifying the mechanisms ultimately responsible for this change in cardiac fibroblast response to injury, hypertension, and aging may reveal novel targets for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N 5th St, ABC1, Rm 327, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Rosin NL, Sopel MJ, Falkenham A, Lee TDG, Légaré JF. Disruption of collagen homeostasis can reverse established age-related myocardial fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:631-42. [PMID: 25701883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure, the leading cause of hospitalization of elderly patients, is correlated with myocardial fibrosis (ie, deposition of excess extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen). A key regulator of collagen homeostasis is lysyl oxidase (LOX), an enzyme responsible for cross-linking collagen fibers. Our objective was to ameliorate age-related myocardial fibrosis by disrupting collagen cross-linking through inhibition of LOX. The nonreversible LOX inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) was administered by osmotic minipump to 38-week-old C57BL/6J male mice for 2 weeks. Sirius Red staining of myocardial cross sections revealed a reduction in fibrosis, compared with age-matched controls (5.84 ± 0.30% versus 10.17 ± 1.34%) (P < 0.05), to a level similar to that of young mice at 8 weeks (4.9 ± 1.2%). BAPN significantly reduced COL1A1 mRNA, compared with age-matched mice (3.5 ± 0.3-fold versus 15.2 ± 4.9-fold) (P < 0.05), suggesting that LOX is involved in regulation of collagen synthesis. In accord, fibrotic factor mRNA expression was reduced after BAPN. There was also a novel increase in Ly6C expression by resident macrophages. By interrupting collagen cross-linking by LOX, the BAPN treatment reduced myocardial fibrosis. A novel observation is that BAPN treatment modulated the transforming growth factor-β pathway, collagen synthesis, and the resident macrophage population. This is especially valuable in terms of potential therapeutic targeting of collagen regulation and thereby age-related myocardial fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Rosin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mryanda J Sopel
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alec Falkenham
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timothy D G Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Légaré
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Huo L, Shi W, Chong L, Wang J, Zhang K, Li Y. Asiatic acid inhibits left ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:57-64. [PMID: 26889217 PMCID: PMC4726871 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular remodeling results in cardiac dysfunction and accounts for the majority of the morbidity and mortality following myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of asiatic acid (AA) on cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling in a rat model of MI and explore the underlying mechanisms. Rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation to model MI and orally treated with AA. After 4 weeks, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was recorded, and the expression levels of a number of inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA. The degree of interstitial fibrosis was determined by evaluating the mRNA expression levels of collagen II and III. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of total and phosphorylated p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, to investigate whether they are involved in the mechanism underlying the effect of AA on the heart. Rats subjected to MI displayed significantly impaired cardiac function compared with those subjected to a sham procedure, while this change was reversed by treatment with AA. Furthermore, AA markedly inhibited cardiac hypertrophy, reduced the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased interstitial fibrosis in the infarct border zone of MI model rats compared with those in vehicle-treated MI model rats. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 was blocked by AA in the MI rats but not in the sham rats. In summary, AA treatment preserved cardiac function and inhibited left ventricular remodeling, potentially by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in the infarct border zone of the ischemic myocardium, indicating that AA may be a novel candidate for development as a therapy for MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heze Shili Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxian Dongda Hospital, Shanxian, Shandong 274300, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Dzeshka MS, Lip GYH, Snezhitskiy V, Shantsila E. Cardiac Fibrosis in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:943-59. [PMID: 26293766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with structural, electrical, and contractile remodeling of the atria. Development and progression of atrial fibrosis is the hallmark of structural remodeling in AF and is considered the substrate for AF perpetuation. In contrast, experimental and clinical data on the effect of ventricular fibrotic processes in the pathogenesis of AF and its complications are controversial. Ventricular fibrosis seems to contribute to abnormalities in cardiac relaxation and contractility and to the development of heart failure, a common finding in AF. Given that AF and heart failure frequently coexist and that both conditions affect patient prognosis, a better understanding of the mutual effect of fibrosis in AF and heart failure is of particular interest. In this review paper, we provide an overview of the general mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis in AF, differences between fibrotic processes in atria and ventricles, and the clinical and prognostic significance of cardiac fibrosis in AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Dzeshka
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Eduard Shantsila
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
de Roij van Zuijdewijn CLM, Hansildaar R, Bots ML, Blankestijn PJ, van den Dorpel MA, Grooteman MPC, Kamp O, ter Wee PM, Nubé MJ. Eccentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Sudden Death in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease. Am J Nephrol 2015; 42:126-33. [PMID: 26382055 DOI: 10.1159/000439447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks are extremely high in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Sudden death accounts for approximately one-quarter of all fatal events. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a known risk factor for mortality and can be divided in 2 types: concentric and eccentric. This study evaluated possible differences in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and sudden death between prevalent ESKD patients with concentric and eccentric LVH. METHODS Participants of the CONvective TRAnsport STudy (CONTRAST) who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at baseline were analyzed. In patients with LVH, a relative wall thickness of ≤0.42 was considered eccentric and >0.42 was considered concentric hypertrophy. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of patients with eccentric LVH versus patients with concentric LVH for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and sudden death. RESULTS TTE was performed in 328 CONTRAST participants. LVH was present in 233 participants (71%), of which 87 (37%) had concentric LVH and 146 (63%) eccentric LVH. The HR for all-cause mortality of eccentric versus concentric LVH was 1.14 (p = 0.52), 1.79 (p = 0.12) for cardiovascular mortality and 4.23 (p = 0.02) for sudden death in crude analyses. Propensity score-corrected HR for sudden death in patients with eccentric LVH versus those with concentric LVH was 5.22 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS (1) The hazard for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and sudden death is markedly increased in patients with LVH. (2) The sudden death risk is significantly higher in ESKD patients with eccentric LVH compared to subjects with concentric LVH.
Collapse
|
191
|
Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Williams RD, Kendle AP, Steuerwald NM, Bridges CR. MiRNAs as potential molecular targets in heart failure. Future Cardiol 2015; 10:789-800. [PMID: 25495820 DOI: 10.2217/fca.14.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of heart diseases is associated with an altered expression profile of hundreds of genes. miRNAs are a newly identified layer of gene regulation operating at the post-transcriptional level by pairing to complementary base sequences in target mRNAs. Genetic data have identified the roles of miRNAs in basic pathological processes associated with heart failure: apoptosis, fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling. Many reports demonstrated that aberrantly expressed miRNAs and their modulation have effects on cardiac insufficiency. Here, we overview the advances in miRNAs as potential targets in the modulation of the heart failure phenotype. miRNA-based therapy holds great promise as a future strategy for treating heart diseases and identifying emerging signaling pathways responsible for the progression of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
192
|
Liu Y, Zhang J. Nox2 contributes to cardiac fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy in a transforming growth factor-β dependent manner. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:10908-10914. [PMID: 26617806 PMCID: PMC4637621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of Nox2 on cardiac fibrosis and to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of Nox2 in the development of DCM. METHODS We established normal and insulin-resistant cellular model using neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. Then Nox2-specific siRNA were transfected into cardiac fibroblasts with Lipofectamine ® 2000 and crambled siRNA sequence was considered as control. Meanwhile, a part of cells were randomly selected to be treated with or without transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were respectively performed to determine the expression level of related molecules, such as Nox2, collagen type I and III (COL I and III) and PI3K/AKT and PKC/Rho signaling pathway-related proteins. RESULTS TGF-β stimulation significantly increased the expression level of Nox2 both in mRNA and protein levels. Suppression of the Nox2 markedly decreased the expression of COL I and COL III in normal and insulin-resistant cellular model with TGF-β stimulation. Moreover, suppression of the Nox2 significantly decreased the expression of PI3K/AKT and PKC/Rho signaling pathway-related proteins in insulin-resistant cellular model with TGF-β stimulation. However, suppression of Nox2 had no effects on these proteins without TGF-β stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our finding reveals that Nox2 may promote synthesis of COL I and III via involved in PI3K/AKT and PKC/Rho signaling pathway in a TGF-β dependent manner and consequently promote cardiac fibrosis in the development of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Liu
- Department of Health Care, The Forth People’s Hospital of Jinan CityJinan 250031, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Binzhou City Central HospitalBinzhou 251700, China
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Intrinsic cardiomyopathy in Marfan syndrome: results from in-vivo and ex-vivo studies of the Fbn1C1039G/+ model and longitudinal findings in humans. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:256-63. [PMID: 26042521 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild intrinsic cardiomyopathy in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) has consistently been evidenced by independent research groups. So far, little is known about the long-term evolution and pathophysiology of this finding. METHODS To gain more insights into the pathophysiology of MFS-related cardiomyopathy, we performed in-vivo and ex-vivo studies of 11 Fbn1(C1039G/+) mice and 9 wild-type (WT) littermates. Serial ultrasound findings obtained in mice were correlated to the human phenotype. We therefore reassessed left ventricular (LV) function parameters over a 6-y follow-up period in 19 previously reported MFS patients, in whom we documented mild LV dysfunction. RESULTS Fbn1(C1039G/+) mice demonstrated LV contractile dysfunction. Subsequent ex-vivo studies of the myocardium of adult mutant mice revealed upregulation of TGFβ-related pathways and consistent abnormalities of the microfibrillar network, implicating a role for microfibrils in the mechanical properties of the myocardium. Echocardiographic parameters did not indicate clinical significant deterioration of LV function during follow-up in our patient cohort. CONCLUSION In analogy with what is observed in the majority of MFS patients, the Fbn1(C1039G/+) mouse model demonstrates mild intrinsic LV dysfunction. Both extracellular matrix and molecular alterations are implicated in MFS-related cardiomyopathy. This model may now enable us to study therapeutic interventions on the myocardium in MFS.
Collapse
|
194
|
Abstract
Critically ill patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) often seem well, but they can decompensate dramatically in a short time. PH has several causes, classes, and complications; but the natural progression eventually leads to right ventricular failure, which can be extraordinarily difficult to manage. The purpose of this review is to discuss the causes, signs, and symptoms of PH as well as its management strategies and emergent complications. Treatment options are often limited, so it is imperative that the emergency department physician can recognize and manage these patients in a timely fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Greenwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ground floor, Ravdin Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ryan M Spangler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Gu WL, Chen CX, Huang XY, Gao JP. The effect of angoroside C on pressure overload-induced ventricular remodeling in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:705-712. [PMID: 26141756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study reveals that total rough extract of Radix Scrophulariae has a beneficial effect on ventricular remodeling. HYPOTHESIS After carrying out a series of preliminary experiments, we speculated that angoroside C may be the effective agent. STUDY DESIGN After oral administration, the effect of angoroside C on ventricular remodeling was evaluated by using a pressure-overloaded rat model, some related indexes were detected in vivo. METHODS A model of pressure overloaded ventricular remodeling was produced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. The sham-operated rats underwent an identical surgical procedure except for AAC. AAC rats were randomly divided into five groups: model control group, three angoroside C treated groups (7.5, 15 and 30 mg·kg(-1)) and captopril treated group (40 mg·kg(-1)). The rats were orally administered with the corresponding drugs or drinking water for 4 weeks. The levels of blood pressure (BP), left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and heart weight index (HWI) were detected. Myocardium tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin or picric acid/sirius red for cardiomyocyte cross-section area or collagen content measurements respectively. The concentrations of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), hydroxyproline (Hyp), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in myocardium or serum were determined. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of endothelin 1 (ET-1), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). RESULTS Angoroside C significantly reduced the BP, LVWI and HWI, decreased the content of Ang Ⅱ, Hyp, diminished cross sectional area of cardiomyocytes and ameliorated collagen deposition. Additionally, it markedly reduced collagen I and III expressions and regulated matrix metalloproteinase-2, 9 and inhibitors of metalloproteinase expressions. Angoroside C also down regulated the gene expressions of ET-1 and TGF-β1mRNA in myocardium. CONCLUSION Angoroside C has beneficial effects against ventricular remodeling. The mechanism is likely to be related to decreasing the level of Ang Ⅱ, attenuating the mRNA expressions of ET-1 and TGF-β1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang Xun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao Yan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Ping Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Fetuin-A as a predicator of sarcopenic left ventricular dysfunction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12078. [PMID: 26159840 PMCID: PMC4498243 DOI: 10.1038/srep12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aging condition involving low muscle mass and function. Fetuin-A (FetA) appears to be a factor for body composition remodeling. We hypothesized that age increases FetA levels and deteriorates the myocardial function by affecting diastolic function, especially in people with sarcopenia. We enrolled 541 asymptomatic elderly (≥65 years) patients. Compared with non-sarcopenic population, FetA levels were significantly elevated in the ninety-two (17%) patients (79 ± 6 years; male: 34.7%) diagnosed with sarcopenia (621.1 ± 140.7 vs. 697.3 ± 179.6 μg/ml, < 0.001). Sarcopenic left ventricular dysfunction (S-LVD) was defined by the coexistence of sarcopenia and systolic impairment (LVEF < 50%) and 23 (4.3%) of them met the criteria. Patients with S-LVD showed relatively reduced systolic heart function, higher end-diastolic pressure and a higher FetA level (all p < 0.001) than did those with sarcopenia but without LV dysfunction (S-NLVD). Conversely, in the group without sarcopenia, FetA levels were similar regardless of systolic function. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age, impaired diastolic function, and higher FetA levels were significantly associated with S-LVD. In conclusion, we found that FetA was significantly higher in elderly patients with sarcopenia, which was associated with impaired diastolic and systolic functions.
Collapse
|
197
|
Hernández-Romero D, Orenes-Piñero E, García-Honrubia A, Climent V, Romero-Aniorte AI, Martínez CM, García-Bautista M, Martínez M, Feliu E, González J, Cánovas S, Montero-Argudo JA, Valdés M, Marín F. Involvement of the -420C>G RETN polymorphism in myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Intern Med 2015; 278:50-8. [PMID: 25476756 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. HCM is an autosomal-dominant disease caused by more than 400 mutations in sarcomeric genes. Changes in nonsarcomeric genes contribute to its phenotypic heterogeneity. Cardiac fibrosis can be studied using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated the potential role of two polymorphisms in nonsarcomeric genes on interstitial fibrosis in HCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two polymorphisms in nonsarcomeric genes [ACE (deletion of 287 bp in the 16th intron) and RETN (-420C>G)] were analysed in 146 HCM patients. Cardiac fibrosis was assessed using LGE to determine the number of affected segments. RESULTS Allelic frequencies in ACE and RETN polymorphisms were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (both P > 0.05). We found that the presence of the polymorphic allele in the -420C>G RETN polymorphism was independently associated with the number of affected segments of LGE (P = 0.038). Increased circulating resistin concentration, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was associated with a higher degree of cardiac fibrosis. Myocardial fibrosis, assessed by Masson's trichrome staining, was associated with the -420C>G RETN polymorphism in 46 tissue samples obtained by septal myectomy (P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS The -420C>G RETN polymorphism was independently associated with the degree of cardiac fibrosis, assessed by LGE, in patients with HCM. In addition, there was an association between the polymorphism and the circulating resistin levels as well as with myocardial fibrosis in tissues obtained by myectomy. Investigating the physiological implication of the RETN polymorphism in HCM in combination with the use of imaging technologies might help to establish the severity of disease in patients with HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hernández-Romero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - E Orenes-Piñero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - V Climent
- Hospital General Universitario, Alicante, Spain
| | - A I Romero-Aniorte
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - C M Martínez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M García-Bautista
- Departament of Molecular Biology, Centro Inmunológico de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - M Martínez
- Hospital General Universitario, Alicante, Spain
| | - E Feliu
- Hospital General Universitario, Alicante, Spain
| | - J González
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - S Cánovas
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - M Valdés
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - F Marín
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Honda Y, Sakamoto J, Nakano J, Kataoka H, Sasabe R, Goto K, Tanaka M, Origuchi T, Yoshimura T, Okita M. Upregulation of interleukin-1β/transforming growth factor-β1 and hypoxia relate to molecular mechanisms underlying immobilization-induced muscle contracture. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:419-27. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Honda
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation; Nagasaki University Hospital; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Junya Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Jiro Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Hideki Kataoka
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Ryo Sasabe
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation; Nagasaki University Hospital; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Kyo Goto
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Toshiro Yoshimura
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| | - Minoru Okita
- Department of Locomotive Rehabilitation Science, Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8520 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Li FF, Zhou J, Zhao DD, Yan P, Li X, Han Y, Li XS, Wang GY, Yu KJ, Liu SL. Characterization of SMAD3 Gene Variants for Possible Roles in Ventricular Septal Defects and Other Congenital Heart Diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131542. [PMID: 26110764 PMCID: PMC4482402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nodal/TGF signaling pathway has an important effect at early stages of differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in directing them to develop into different embryonic lineages. SMAD3 is a key intracellular messenger regulating factor in the Nodal/TGF signaling pathway, playing important roles in embryonic and, particularly, cardiovascular system development. The aim of this work was to find evidence on whether SMAD3 variations might be associated with ventricular septal defects (VSD) or other congenital heart diseases (CHD). METHODS We sequenced the SMAD3 gene for 372 Chinese Han CHD patients including 176 VSD patients and evaluated SNP rs2289263, which is located before the 5'UTR sequence of the gene. The statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-Square Tests as implemented in SPSS (version 13.0). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test of the population was carried out using the online software OEGE. RESULTS Three heterozygous variants in SMAD3 gene, rs2289263, rs35874463 and rs17228212, were identified. Statistical analyses showed that the rs2289263 variant located before the 5'UTR sequence of SMAD3 gene was associated with the risk of VSD (P value=0.013 <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The SNP rs2289263 in the SMAD3 gene is associated with VSD in Chinese Han populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Feng Li
- Genomics Research Center (one of the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- Genomics Research Center (one of the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Genomics Research Center (one of the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- Genomics Research Center (one of the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Gui-Yu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (GYW); (KJY); (SLL)
| | - Kai-Jiang Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (GYW); (KJY); (SLL)
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (one of the State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- * E-mail: (GYW); (KJY); (SLL)
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Gupta SK, Dongare S, Mathur R, Mohanty IR, Srivastava S, Mathur S, Nag TC. Genistein ameliorates cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 408:63-72. [PMID: 26092427 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of genistein against cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats. genistein (300 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 24 weeks to STZ-induced diabetic rats. The effects of genistein on blood glucose, % glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), and total antioxidant were studied. Ultrastructural and histopathological assessment of injury were also undertaken using transmission electron microscope. STZ-induced diabetes resulted in significant increase in the levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, C-reactive protein, TNF- α and TGF-β1, and a decline in total antioxidant reserve of the myocardium. Administration of genistein to diabetic rats resulted in a decrease in blood glucose (p < 0.001), % HbA1c (p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), and expression of TNF- α (p < 0.001) and TGF-β1 (p < 0.0001) proteins. In addition, genistein treatment results in augmentation of total antioxidant (p < 0.01) reserve of the hearts. The above findings were supported by histological as well as immunohistochemical localization of NF-κB (p65) in the heart. Genistein treatment ameliorated the ultrastructural degenerative changes in the cardiac tissues as compared to the diabetic control. The result demonstrates that genistein restored the integrity of the diabetic myocardium by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pushp Vihar, Sec. -3, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Shirish Dongare
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pushp Vihar, Sec. -3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rajani Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pushp Vihar, Sec. -3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | | | - Sushma Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pushp Vihar, Sec. -3, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Sandeep Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|