151
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Saha D, Patgaonkar M, Shroff A, Ayyar K, Bashir T, Reddy KVR. Hemoglobin expression in nonerythroid cells: novel or ubiquitous? Int J Inflam 2014; 2014:803237. [PMID: 25431740 PMCID: PMC4241286 DOI: 10.1155/2014/803237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a major protein involved in transport of oxygen (O2). Red blood cells (RBCs) contain maximum amount of Hb and because of their unique structure and plasticity they transport O2 to various tissues of the body at an optimal concentration. Recently, it has been reported that, apart from RBCs, Hb is also expressed by nonerythroid cells such as epithelial cells of different origin. The cells expressing Hb are from the tissues where maintenance of O2 homeostasis is of paramount importance. Hb expression has been observed in the epithelial cells from human tissues including lungs, neurons, retina, and endometrium. Our group has recently demonstrated that Hb is expressed by the cervicovaginal epithelial cells. We further showed that, apart from maintaining O2 homeostasis, Hb and the peptides derived from it play an indispensable role in the protection of vaginal epithelium by exhibiting antimicrobial activity. In this review, we discuss the significance of Hb expression in vaginal epithelial cells and its role in the recognition of pathogens thereby reducing the risk and/or severity of inflammation and/or infections and the possible mechanism by which Hb exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarchana Saha
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Mandar Patgaonkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ankit Shroff
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Kanchana Ayyar
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Tahir Bashir
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - K. V. R. Reddy
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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152
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Gazzinelli RT, Kalantari P, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. Innate sensing of malaria parasites. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:744-57. [PMID: 25324127 DOI: 10.1038/nri3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune receptors have a key role in immune surveillance by sensing microorganisms and initiating protective immune responses. However, the innate immune system is a classic 'double-edged sword' that can overreact to pathogens, which can have deleterious effects and lead to clinical manifestations. Recent studies have unveiled the complexity of innate immune receptors that function as sensors of Plasmodium spp. in the vertebrate host. This Review highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Plasmodium infection is sensed by different families of innate immune receptors. We also discuss how these events mediate both host resistance to infection and the pathogenesis of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- 1] Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605-02324 Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. [3] Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Parisa Kalantari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605-02324 Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605-02324 Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- 1] Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605-02324 Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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153
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Abstract
Many clinical settings are associated with haemolysis, from rare conditions, such as paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, to common interventions, such as mechanical circulatory support and blood transfusion. The toxic effects of circulating free haemoglobin, haem, and iron are becoming increasingly understood and include an increased risk of thrombotic complications. This review summarizes the epidemiological evidence for an association between haemolysis and thrombosis and explores potential underlying mechanisms. New insights into the role haem plays in inflammatory signalling and in generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may provide useful strategies for managing pathological states associated with severe haemolysis. A better understanding of the toxic effects of haemolysis will result in better therapies to prevent the side effect of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla L'Acqua
- Department of Medical-Surgical Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Columbia University Medical Center - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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154
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Lundvig DMS, Scharstuhl A, Cremers NAJ, Pennings SWC, te Paske J, van Rheden R, van Run-van Breda C, Regan RF, Russel FGM, Carels CE, Maltha JC, Wagener FADTG. Delayed cutaneous wound closure in HO-2 deficient mice despite normal HO-1 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2488-98. [PMID: 25224969 PMCID: PMC4302653 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing can lead to scarring, and aesthetical and functional problems. The cytoprotective haem oxygenase (HO) enzymes degrade haem into iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide. HO-1 deficient mice suffer from chronic inflammatory stress and delayed cutaneous wound healing, while corneal wound healing in HO-2 deficient mice is impaired with exorbitant inflammation and absence of HO-1 expression. This study addresses the role of HO-2 in cutaneous excisional wound healing using HO-2 knockout (KO) mice. Here, we show that HO-2 deficiency also delays cutaneous wound closure compared to WT controls. In addition, we detected reduced collagen deposition and vessel density in the wounds of HO-2 KO mice compared to WT controls. Surprisingly, wound closure in HO-2 KO mice was accompanied by an inflammatory response comparable to WT mice. HO-1 induction in HO-2 deficient skin was also similar to WT controls and may explain this protection against exaggerated cutaneous inflammation but not the delayed wound closure. Proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation were similar in both two genotypes. Next, we screened for candidate genes to explain the observed delayed wound closure, and detected delayed gene and protein expression profiles of the chemokine (C-X-C) ligand-11 (CXCL-11) in wounds of HO-2 KO mice. Abnormal regulation of CXCL-11 has been linked to delayed wound healing and disturbed angiogenesis. However, whether aberrant CXCL-11 expression in HO-2 KO mice is caused by or is causing delayed wound healing needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte M S Lundvig
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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155
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Vakhshiteh F, Allaudin ZN, Lila MABM, Abbasiliasi S, Ajdari Z. Nucleotide sequencing, cloning, and expression of Capra hircus Heme Oxygenase-1 in caprine islets to promote insulin secretion in vitro. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 57:75-83. [PMID: 25218408 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of islets of Langerhans that have been isolated from whole pancreas is an attractive alternative for the reversal of Type 1 diabetes. However, in vitro culture of isolated pancreatic islets has been reported to cause a decrease in glucose response over time. Hence, the improvement in islet culture conditions is an important goal in islet transplantation. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress protein that has been described as an inducible protein with the capacity of preventing apoptosis and cytoprotection via radical scavenging. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the influence of endogenous HO-1 gene transfer on insulin secretion of caprine islets. The full-length cDNA sequence of Capra hircus HO-1 was determined using specific designed primers and rapid amplification of cDNA ends of pancreatic tissue. The HO-1 cDNA was then cloned into the prokaryotic expression vectors and transfected into caprine islets using lipid carriers. Efficiency of lipid carriers to transfect caprine islets was determined by flow cytometry. Insulin secretion assay was carried out by ovine insulin ELISA. The finding demonstrated that endogenous HO-1 gene transfer could improve caprine islet function in in vitro culture. Consequently, strategies using HO-1 gene transfer to islets might lead to better outcome in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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156
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Lim JL, Wilhelmus MMM, de Vries HE, Drukarch B, Hoozemans JJM, van Horssen J. Antioxidative defense mechanisms controlled by Nrf2: state-of-the-art and clinical perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1773-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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157
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Seu L, Ortiz GM, Burt TD, Deeks SG, Martin JN, McCune JM. Levels of circulating myeloid subpopulations and of heme oxygenase-1 do not predict CD4(+) T cell recovery after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV disease. AIDS Res Ther 2014; 11:27. [PMID: 25180041 PMCID: PMC4150425 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-11-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The level (or frequency) of circulating monocyte subpopulations such as classical (CD14hiCD16-) and non-classical (CD14dimCD16+) monocytes varies during the course of HIV disease progression and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesized that such variation and/or differences in the degree to which these cells expressed the immunoregulatory enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), would be associated with CD4+ T cell recovery after the initiation of ART. This hypothesis was tested in a cross-sectional study of four groups of HIV-infected subjects, including those who were seronegative, untreated virologic controllers [detectable viral load (VL) of <1000 copies/mL], untreated virologic non-controllers [VL > 10,000 copies/mL], and ART-mediated virologic controllers [VL < 75 copies/mL]. A longitudinal analysis of ART-treated subjects was also performed along with regression analysis to determine which biomarkers were associated with and/or predictive of CD4+ T cell recovery. Suppressive ART was associated with increased levels of classical monocyte subpopulations (CD14hiCD16-) and decreased levels of non-classical monocyte populations (CD14dimCD16+). Among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), HO-1 was found to be most highly up-regulated in CD14+ monocytes after ex vivo stimulation. Neither the levels of monocyte subpopulations nor of HO-1 expression in CD14+ monocytes were significantly associated with the degree of CD4+ T cell recovery. Monocyte subpopulations and HO-1 gene expression were, however, restored to normal levels by suppressive ART. These results suggest that the level of circulating monocyte subpopulations and their expression of HO-1 have no evident relationship to CD4+ T cell recovery after the initiation of ART.
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158
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Allwood MA, Kinobe RT, Ballantyne L, Romanova N, Melo LG, Ward CA, Brunt KR, Simpson JA. Heme oxygenase-1 overexpression exacerbates heart failure with aging and pressure overload but is protective against isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23:231-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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159
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Cryptic polyreactivity of IgG expressed by splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Mol Immunol 2014; 60:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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160
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Dutra FF, Bozza MT. Heme on innate immunity and inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:115. [PMID: 24904418 PMCID: PMC4035012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is an essential molecule expressed ubiquitously all through our tissues. Heme plays major functions in cellular physiology and metabolism as the prosthetic group of diverse proteins. Once released from cells and from hemeproteins free heme causes oxidative damage and inflammation, thus acting as a prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern. In this context, free heme is a critical component of the pathological process of sterile and infectious hemolytic conditions including malaria, hemolytic anemias, ischemia-reperfusion, and hemorrhage. The plasma scavenger proteins hemopexin and albumin reduce heme toxicity and are responsible for transporting free heme to intracellular compartments where it is catabolized by heme-oxygenase enzymes. Upon hemolysis or severe cellular damage the serum capacity to scavenge heme may saturate and increase free heme to sufficient amounts to cause tissue damage in various organs. The mechanism by which heme causes reactive oxygen generation, activation of cells of the innate immune system and cell death are not fully understood. Although heme can directly promote lipid peroxidation by its iron atom, heme can also induce reactive oxygen species generation and production of inflammatory mediators through the activation of selective signaling pathways. Heme activates innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils through activation of innate immune receptors. The importance of these events has been demonstrated in infectious and non-infectious diseases models. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms behind heme-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation and the consequences of these events on different tissues and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabianno F. Dutra
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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161
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Association of heme oxygenase 1 with the restoration of liver function after damage in murine malaria by Plasmodium yoelii. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3113-26. [PMID: 24818663 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01598-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver efficiently restores function after damage induced during malarial infection once the parasites are cleared from the blood. However, the molecular events leading to the restoration of liver function after malaria are still obscure. To study this, we developed a suitable model wherein mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii (45% parasitemia) were treated with the antimalarial α/β-arteether to clear parasites from the blood and, subsequently, restoration of liver function was monitored. Liver function tests clearly indicated that complete recovery of liver function occurred after 25 days of parasite clearance. Analyses of proinflammatory gene expression and neutrophil infiltration further indicated that hepatic inflammation, which was induced immediately after parasite clearance from the blood, was gradually reduced. Moreover, the inflammation in the liver after parasite clearance was found to be correlated positively with oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. We investigated the role of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the restoration of liver function after malaria because HO-1 normally renders protection against inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis under various pathological conditions. The expression and activity of HO-1 were found to be increased significantly after parasite clearance. We even found that chemical silencing of HO-1 by use of zinc protoporphyrin enhanced inflammation, oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver injury. In contrast, stimulation of HO-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin alleviated liver inflammation and reduced oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis, and associated tissue injury. Therefore, we propose that selective induction of HO-1 in the liver would be beneficial for the restoration of liver function after parasite clearance.
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162
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Dimitrov JD, Planchais C, Scheel T, Ohayon D, Mesnage S, Berek C, Kaveri SV, Lacroix-Desmazes S. A cryptic polyreactive antibody recognizes distinct clades of HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 by an identical binding mechanism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17767-79. [PMID: 24802758 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyreactive antibodies play an important role for neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition to intrinsic polyreactive antibodies, the immune system of healthy individuals contains antibodies with cryptic polyreactivity. These antibodies acquire promiscuous antigen binding potential post-translationally, after exposure to various redox-active substances such as reactive oxygen species, iron ions, and heme. Here, we characterized the interaction of a prototypic human antibody that acquires binding potential to glycoprotein (gp) 120 after exposure to heme. The kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of interaction of the polyreactive antibody with distinct clades of gp120 demonstrated that the antigen-binding promiscuity of the antibody compensates for the molecular heterogeneity of the target antigen. Thus, the polyreactive antibody recognized divergent gp120 clades with similar values of the binding kinetics and quantitatively identical changes in the activation thermodynamic parameters. Moreover, this antibody utilized the same type of noncovalent forces for formation of complexes with gp120. In contrast, HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies isolated from HIV-1-infected individuals, F425 B4a1 and b12, demonstrated different binding behavior upon interaction with distinct variants of gp120. This study contributes to a better understanding of the physiological role and binding mechanism of antibodies with cryptic polyreactivity. Moreover, this study might be of relevance for understanding the basic aspects of HIV-1 interaction with human antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Dimitrov
- From the Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, 75006 Paris, France, the Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, Paris, France, INSERM U1138, 75006 Paris, France,
| | - Cyril Planchais
- From the Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, 75006 Paris, France, the Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, Paris, France, INSERM U1138, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Tobias Scheel
- the Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, 13092 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Delphine Ohayon
- From the Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, 75006 Paris, France, the Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, Paris, France, INSERM U1138, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Stephane Mesnage
- the Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Berek
- the Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, 13092 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - Srinivas V Kaveri
- From the Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, 75006 Paris, France, the Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, Paris, France, INSERM U1138, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- From the Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, 75006 Paris, France, the Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1138, Paris, France, INSERM U1138, 75006 Paris, France
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163
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Calay D, Mason JC. The multifunctional role and therapeutic potential of HO-1 in the vascular endothelium. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1789-809. [PMID: 24131232 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme oxygenases (HO-1 and HO-2) catalyze the degradation of the pro-oxidant heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. In the vasculature, particular interest has focused on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the inducible HO-1 isoform in the vascular endothelium. This review will present evidence that illustrates the potential therapeutic significance of HO-1 and its products, with special emphasis placed on their beneficial effects on the endothelium in vascular diseases. RECENT ADVANCES The understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation and functions of HO-1 has led to the identification of a variety of drugs that increase HO-1 activity in the vascular endothelium. Moreover, therapeutic delivery of HO-1 products CO, biliverdin, and bilirubin has been shown to have favorable effects, notably on endothelial cells and in animal models of vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES To date, mechanistic data identifying the downstream target genes utilized by HO-1 and its products to exert their actions remain relatively sparse. Likewise, studies in man to investigate the efficacy of therapeutics known to induce HO-1 or the consequences of the tissue-specific delivery of CO or biliverdin/bilirubin are rarely performed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on the promising in vivo data from animal models, clinical trials to explore the safety and efficacy of the therapeutic induction of HO-1 and the delivery of its products should now be pursued further, targeting, for example, patients with severe atherosclerotic disease, ischemic limbs, restenosis injury, or at high risk of organ rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Calay
- Vascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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164
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Al-Huseini LMA, Aw Yeang HX, Hamdam JM, Sethu S, Alhumeed N, Wong W, Sathish JG. Heme oxygenase-1 regulates dendritic cell function through modulation of p38 MAPK-CREB/ATF1 signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16442-51. [PMID: 24719331 PMCID: PMC4047411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.532069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the initiation of immune responses including activation of CD8 T cells. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels influence DC maturation and function. Intracellular heme, a product of catabolism of heme-containing metalloproteins, is a key inducer of ROS. Intracellular heme levels are regulated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which catalyzes the degradation of heme. Heme oxygenase-1 has been implicated in regulating DC maturation; however, its role in other DC functions is unclear. Furthermore, the signaling pathways modulated by HO-1 in DCs are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of HO-1 activity in murine bone marrow-derived immature DCs (iDCs) resulted in DCs with raised intracellular ROS levels, a mature phenotype, impaired phagocytic and endocytic function, and increased capacity to stimulate antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Interestingly, our results reveal that the increased ROS levels following HO-1 inhibition did not underlie the changes in phenotype and functions observed in these iDCs. Importantly, we show that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) pathway is involved in the mediation of the phenotypic and functional changes arising from HO-1 inhibition. Furthermore, up-regulation of HO-1 activity rendered iDCs refractory to lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of p38 MAPK-CREB/ATF1 pathway and DC maturation. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment of iDC with the HO-1 substrate, heme, recapitulates the effects that result from HO-1 inhibition. Based on these results, we conclude that HO-1 regulates DC maturation and function by modulating the p38 MAPK-CREB/ATF1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith M A Al-Huseini
- From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom and the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, P. O. Box 80, Diwaniyah 58001, Iraq
| | - Han Xian Aw Yeang
- From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom and
| | - Junnat M Hamdam
- From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom and
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom and
| | - Naif Alhumeed
- From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom and
| | - Wai Wong
- From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom and
| | - Jean G Sathish
- From the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science and Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom and
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165
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Chiabrando D, Vinchi F, Fiorito V, Mercurio S, Tolosano E. Heme in pathophysiology: a matter of scavenging, metabolism and trafficking across cell membranes. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:61. [PMID: 24782769 PMCID: PMC3986552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is an essential co-factor involved in multiple biological processes: oxygen transport and storage, electron transfer, drug and steroid metabolism, signal transduction, and micro RNA processing. However, excess free-heme is highly toxic due to its ability to promote oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, thus leading to membrane injury and, ultimately, apoptosis. Thus, heme metabolism needs to be finely regulated. Intracellular heme amount is controlled at multiple levels: synthesis, utilization by hemoproteins, degradation and both intracellular and intercellular trafficking. This review focuses on recent findings highlighting the importance of controlling intracellular heme levels to counteract heme-induced oxidative stress. The contributions of heme scavenging from the extracellular environment, heme synthesis and incorporation into hemoproteins, heme catabolism and heme transport in maintaining adequate intracellular heme content are discussed. Particular attention is put on the recently described mechanisms of heme trafficking through the plasma membrane mediated by specific heme importers and exporters. Finally, the involvement of genes orchestrating heme metabolism in several pathological conditions is illustrated and new therapeutic approaches aimed at controlling heme metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Mercurio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
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166
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Hoppe CC. Inflammatory Mediators of Endothelial Injury in Sickle Cell Disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014; 28:265-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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167
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Han B, Yang Z, Xie Y, Nie L, Cui J, Shen W. Arabidopsis HY1 confers cadmium tolerance by decreasing nitric oxide production and improving iron homeostasis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:388-403. [PMID: 23974911 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of the gene that encodes intracellular heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) benefits plants under cadmium (Cd(2+)) stress; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we elucidate the role of Arabidopsis HY1 (AtHO1) in Cd(2+) tolerance by using genetic and molecular approaches. Analysis of two HY1 null mutants, three HY1 overexpression lines, HO double or triple mutants, as well as phyA and phyB mutants revealed the specific hypersensitivity of hy1 to Cd(2+) stress. Supplementation with two enzymatic by-products of HY1, carbon monoxide (CO) and iron (Fe, especially), rescued the Cd(2+)-induced inhibition of primary root (PR) elongation in hy1-100. The mutation of HY1, which exhibited lower glutathione content than Col-0 in root tissues, was able to induce nitric oxide (NO) overproduction, Cd(2+) accumulation, and severe Fe deficiency in root tissues. However, the contrasting responses appeared in 35S:HY1-4. Additionally, reduced levels of Ferric Reduction Oxidase 2 (FRO2) and Iron-Regulated Transporter 1 (IRT1) transcripts, and increased levels of Heavy Metal ATPase 2/4 (HMA2/4) transcripts bolster the notion that HY1 up-regulation ameliorates Fe deficiency, and might increase Cd(2+) exclusion. Taken together, these results showed that HY1 plays a common link in Cd(2+) tolerance by decreasing NO production and improving Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis root tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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168
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Tong Y, Tang Z, Yang T, Yang Y, Yang L, Shen W, Chen W. Ulinastatin preconditioning attenuates inflammatory reaction of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats via high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) inhibition. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:337-43. [PMID: 24578610 PMCID: PMC3936027 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It has been found that ulinastatin (UTI) can attenuate hepatic injury in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion (IR), but the specific mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate possible pathomechanism of ulinastatin in reducing the inflammatory response after hepatic IR. Methods A male sprague-dawley(SD) rat model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury was used. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups on average, which were 0.9% saline and IR group as control, ulinastatin preconditioning (UPC) group, UPC+rHMGB1 (recombinant HMGB1) group and UPC +anti-HMGB1 group. Serum aminotransferases, TNF-α, IL-1 and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured. Histopathology examination and apoptotic cell detection and the different expression of HMGB1 protein were also assessed. Results Serum levels of aminotransferases, cytokines and hepatic MPO in UPC and UPC+anti-HMGB1 groups were significantly lower than those in control group (p<0.05). Decreased histologic damage and apoptosis were also seen in these two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions HMGB1 expressions in UPC and UPC+anti-HMGB1 groups were significantly lower than those in the two control groups (p<0.05), pretreatment with ulinastatin attenuated liver IR injury by reducing HMGB1 expression through its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tong
- 1. Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- 2. Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tian Yang
- 3. Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- 4. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- 4. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- 5. Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- 5. Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
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Xue J, Habtezion A. Carbon monoxide-based therapy ameliorates acute pancreatitis via TLR4 inhibition. J Clin Invest 2013; 124:437-47. [PMID: 24334457 DOI: 10.1172/jci71362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective role of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in various inflammatory conditions is mediated in part by its products, carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin. Here we investigated a therapeutic role for CO and CO-primed cells in acute pancreatitis (AP). In a mouse model of AP, treatment with CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) decreased mortality, pancreatic damage, and lung injury. CORM-2 decreased systemic inflammatory cytokines, suppressed systemic and pancreatic macrophage TNF-α secretion, and inhibited macrophage TLR4 receptor complex expression. In both human and mouse cells, CORM-2 inhibited endogenous and exogenous ligand-dependent TLR4 activation, which indicates that CORM-2 could be therapeutic for both early and late stages of AP, which involve sterile- and endotoxin-mediated inflammation, respectively. Mice engrafted with TLR4-deficient hematopoietic cells were protected against caerulein-induced AP. In the absence of leukocyte TLR4 expression, CORM-2 did not confer additional protection, which indicates that CORM-2-dependent effects are mediated via suppression of macrophage TLR4 activation. We determined that CO was directly responsible for the protective effects of CORM-2 in AP, as inactive forms of CORM-2 were ineffective. Importantly, adoptive transfer of CORM-2-primed cells reduced AP. Such a therapeutic approach would translate the beneficial effects of CO-based therapies, avoiding CO- or CO-RM-mediated toxicities in AP and a wide range of diseases.
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Seo K, Yang JH, Kim SC, Ku SK, Ki SH, Shin SM. The Antioxidant Effects of Isorhamnetin Contribute to Inhibit COX-2 Expression in Response to Inflammation: A Potential Role of HO-1. Inflammation 2013; 37:712-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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171
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Heme triggers TLR4 signaling leading to endothelial cell activation and vaso-occlusion in murine sickle cell disease. Blood 2013; 123:377-90. [PMID: 24277079 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-495887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) is hampered by incomplete understanding of pathways linking hemolysis to vaso-occlusion. We investigated these pathways in transgenic sickle mice. Infusion of hemoglobin or heme triggered vaso-occlusion in sickle, but not normal, mice. Methemoglobin, but not heme-stabilized cyanomethemoglobin, induced vaso-occlusion, indicating heme liberation is necessary. In corroboration, hemoglobin-induced vaso-occlusion was blocked by the methemoglobin reducing agent methylene blue, haptoglobin, or the heme-binding protein hemopexin. Untreated HbSS mice, but not HbAA mice, exhibited ∼10% vaso-occlusion in steady state that was inhibited by haptoglobin or hemopexin infusion. Antibody blockade of adhesion molecules P-selectin, von Willebrand factor (VWF), E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, platelet endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule 1, α4β1, or αVβ3 integrin prevented vaso-occlusion. Heme rapidly (5 minutes) mobilized Weibel-Palade body (WPB) P-selectin and VWF onto EC and vessel wall surfaces and activated EC nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This was mediated by TLR4 as TAK-242 blocked WPB degranulation, NF-κB activation, vaso-occlusion, leukocyte rolling/adhesion, and heme lethality. TLR4(-/-) mice transplanted with TLR4(+/+) sickle bone marrow exhibited no heme-induced vaso-occlusion. The TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated ECs and triggered vaso-occlusion that was inhibited by TAK-242, linking hemolysis- and infection-induced vaso-occlusive crises to TLR4 signaling. Heme and LPS failed to activate VWF and NF-κB in TLR4(-/-) ECs. Anti-LPS immunoglobulin G blocked LPS-induced, but not heme-induced, vaso-occlusion, illustrating LPS-independent TLR4 signaling by heme. Inhibition of protein kinase C, NADPH oxidase, or antioxidant treatment blocked heme-mediated stasis, WPB degranulation, and oxidant production. We conclude that intravascular hemolysis in SCD releases heme that activates endothelial TLR4 signaling leading to WPB degranulation, NF-κB activation, and vaso-occlusion.
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Humic acid in drinking well water induces inflammation through reactive oxygen species generation and activation of nuclear factor-κB/activator protein-1 signaling pathways: a possible role in atherosclerosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 274:249-62. [PMID: 24239652 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) has been implicated as one of the etiological factors in the peripheral vasculopathy of blackfoot disease (BFD) in Taiwan. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of BFD are not well defined. In this study, we used an in vitro and in vivo model, in which HA (25-200μg/mL) activated macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory molecules by activating their transcriptional factors. HA exposure induced NO and PGE2 production followed by induction of iNOS and COX-2 through NF-κB/AP-1 transactivation in macrophages. In addition, the production of TNF-α and IL-1β was significantly increased by HA. Moreover, HA-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression were down-regulated by the NF-κB and AP-1 inhibitors pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and Tanshinone, respectively. Furthermore, generations of ROS and nitrotyrosine, as well as activation of the AKT and MAPKs signaling cascades were observed after HA exposure. Specifically, HA-induced NF-κB activation was mediated by ROS and AKT, and that HA-induced AP-1 activation was mediated by JNK and ERK. Notably, HA-mediated AKT, JNK, and ERK activation was ROS-independent. The inflammatory potential of HA was correlated with increased expression of HO-1 and Nrf2. Furthermore, an in vivo study confirms that mice exposed to HA, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. This report marks the first confirmation that environmental exposure of HA induces inflammation in macrophages, which may be one of the main causes of early atherogenesis in blackfoot disease.
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Ding D, Qi W, Yu D, Jiang H, Han C, Kim MJ, Katsuno K, Hsieh YH, Miyakawa T, Salvi R, Tanokura M, Someya S. Addition of exogenous NAD+ prevents mefloquine-induced neuroaxonal and hair cell degeneration through reduction of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in cochlear organotypic cultures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79817. [PMID: 24223197 PMCID: PMC3819247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mefloquine is widely used for the treatment of malaria. However, this drug is known to induce neurological side effects including depression, anxiety, balance disorder, and sensorineural hearing loss. Yet, there is currently no treatment for these side effects. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we show that the coenzyme NAD(+), known to play a critical role in maintaining the appropriate cellular redox environment, protects cochlear axons and sensory hair cells from mefloquine-induced degeneration in cultured rat cochleae. Mefloquine alone destroyed hair cells and nerve fiber axons in rat cochlear organotypics cultures in a dose-dependent manner, while treatment with NAD(+) protected axons and hair cells from mefloquine-induced degeneration. Furthermore, cochlear organs treated with mefloquine showed increased oxidative stress marker levels, including superoxide and protein carbonyl, and increased apoptosis marker levels, including TUNEL-positive nuclei and caspases-3. Treatment with NAD(+) reduced the levels of these oxidative stress and apoptosis markers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our findings suggest that that mefloquine disrupts the cellular redox environment and induces oxidative stress in cochlear hair cells and nerve fibers leading to caspases-3-mediated apoptosis of these structures. Exogenous NAD(+) suppresses mefloquine-induced oxidative stress and prevents the degeneration of cochlear axons and sensory hair cells caused by mefloquine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Oriental Otolaryngology Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Weidong Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongzhen Yu
- Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Oriental Otolaryngology Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Chul Han
- Departments of Aging and Geriatric Research, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- Departments of Aging and Geriatric Research, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kana Katsuno
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yun Hua Hsieh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (MT); (SS)
| | - Shinichi Someya
- Departments of Aging and Geriatric Research, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MT); (SS)
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174
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Quercetin induces mitochondrial biogenesis through activation of HO-1 in HepG2 cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:154279. [PMID: 24288584 PMCID: PMC3833383 DOI: 10.1155/2013/154279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of mitochondria by regulated biogenesis plays an important homeostatic role in cells and tissues and furthermore may provide an adaptive mechanism in certain diseases such as sepsis. The heme oxygenase (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) system is an inducible cytoprotective mechanism in mammalian cells. Natural antioxidants can provide therapeutic benefit, in part, by inducing the HO-1/CO system. This study focused on the mechanism by which the natural antioxidant quercetin can induce mitochondrial biogenesis in HepG2 cells. We found that quercetin treatment induced expression of mitochondrial biogenesis activators (PGC-1α, NRF-1, TFAM), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and proteins (COX IV) in HepG2 cells. The HO inhibitor SnPP and the CO scavenger hemoglobin reversed the effects of quercetin on mitochondrial biogenesis in HepG2 cells. The stimulatory effects of quercetin on mitochondrial biogenesis could be recapitulated in vivo in liver tissue and antagonized by SnPP. Finally, quercetin conferred an anti-inflammatory effect in the liver of mice treated with LPS and prevented impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis by LPS in vivo. These salutary effects of quercetin in vivo were also antagonized by SnPP. Thus, our results suggest that quercetin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis mainly via the HO-1/CO system in vitro and in vivo. The beneficial effects of quercetin may provide a therapeutic basis in inflammatory diseases and sepsis.
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175
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Li FY, Zhu SX, Wang ZP, Wang H, Zhao Y, Chen GP. Consumption of hydrogen-rich water protects against ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced nephrotoxicity and early tumor promotional events in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:248-54. [PMID: 24140467 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to test whether consumption with hydrogen-rich water (HW) alleviated renal injury and inhibited early tumor promotional events in Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-treated rats. Rats were injected with Fe-NTA solution (7.5mg Fe/kg body weight) intraperitoneally to induce renal injury and simultaneously treated with HW (1.3 ± 0.2mg/l). We found that consumption with HW ameliorated Fe-NTA-induced renal injuries including suppressing elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and inhibited early tumor promotional events including decreasing ornithine decarboxylase activity and incorporation of [3H]thymidine into renal DNA. Consumption with HW suppressed Fe-NTA-induced oxidative stress through decreasing formation of lipid peroxidation and peroxynitrite and activities of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, increasing activity of catalase, and restoring mitochondrial function in kidneys. Consumption with HW suppressed Fe-NTA-induced inflammation marked by reduced NF-κB, IL-6, and MCP-1 expression and macrophage accumulating in kidneys. In addition, consumption with HW suppressed VEGF expression, STAT3 phosphorylation and PCNA expression in kidneys of Fe-NTA-treated rats. Consumption with HW decreased the incidence of renal cell carcinoma and suppressed tumor growth in Fe-NTA-treated in rats. In conclusion, drinking with HW attenuated Fe-NTA-induced renal injury and inhibited early tumor promotional events in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yin Li
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hang Zhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
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176
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Araujo ECB, Barbosa BF, Coutinho LB, Barenco PVC, Sousa LA, Milanezi CM, Bonfá G, Pavanelli WR, Silva JS, Ferro EAV, Silva DAO, Cunha-Junior JP, Silva NM. Heme oxygenase-1 activity is involved in the control of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL/6 and in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice. Vet Res 2013; 44:89. [PMID: 24088531 PMCID: PMC3851451 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme that catabolizes free heme, which induces an intense inflammatory response. The expression of HO-1 is induced by different stimuli, triggering an anti-inflammatory response during biological stress. It was previously verified that HO-1 is able to induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is induced by IFN-γ in Toxoplasma gondii infection. To verify the role of HO-1 during in vivo T. gondii infection, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with the ME49 strain and treated with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) or hemin, which inhibit or induce HO-1 activity, respectively. The results show that T. gondii infection induced high levels of HO-1 expression in the lung of BALB/c and C57BL6 mice. The animals treated with ZnPPIX presented higher parasitism in the lungs of both lineages of mice, whereas hemin treatment decreased the parasite replication in this organ and in the small intestine of infected C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, C57BL/6 mice infected with T. gondii and treated with hemin showed higher levels of IDO expression in the lungs and small intestine than uninfected mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that HO-1 activity is involved in the control of T. gondii in the lungs of both mouse lineages, whereas the hemin, a HO-1 inducer, seems to be involved in the control of parasitism in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester C B Araujo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Gibbons SJ, Verhulst PJ, Bharucha A, Farrugia G. Review article: carbon monoxide in gastrointestinal physiology and its potential in therapeutics. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:689-702. [PMID: 23992228 PMCID: PMC3788684 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While carbon monoxide (CO) is a known toxin, it is now recognised that CO is also an important signalling molecule involved in physiology and pathophysiology. AIMS To summarise our current understanding of the role of endogenous CO in the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology, and to potential therapeutic applications of modulating CO. METHODS This review is based on a comprehensive search of the Ovid Medline comprehensive database and supplemented by our ongoing studies evaluating the role of CO in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. RESULTS Carbon monoxide derived from haem oxygenase (HO)-2 is predominantly involved in neuromodulation and in setting the smooth muscle membrane potential, while CO derived from HO-1 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which protect gastrointestinal smooth muscle from damage caused by injury or inflammation. Exogenous CO is being explored as a therapeutic agent in a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including diabetic gastroparesis, post-operative ileus, organ transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. However, identifying the appropriate mechanism for safely delivering CO in humans is a major challenge. CONCLUSIONS Carbon monoxide is an important regulator of gastrointestinal function and protects the gastrointestinal tract against noxious injury. CO is a promising therapeutic target in conditions associated with gastrointestinal injury and inflammation. Elucidating the mechanisms by which CO works and developing safe CO delivery mechanisms are necessary to refine therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Gibbons
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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178
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Ortiz GG, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Bitzer-Quintero OK, Ramírez-Anguiano AC, Flores-Alvarado LJ, Ramírez-Ramírez V, Macias-Islas MA, Torres-Sánchez ED. Immunology and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: clinical and basic approach. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:708659. [PMID: 24174971 PMCID: PMC3794553 DOI: 10.1155/2013/708659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the recruitment of lymphocytes, microglia, and macrophages to lesion sites, the presence of multiple lesions, generally being more pronounced in the brain stem and spinal cord, the predominantly perivascular location of lesions, the temporal maturation of lesions from inflammation through demyelination, to gliosis and partial remyelination, and the presence of immunoglobulin in the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid. Lymphocytes activated in the periphery infiltrate the central nervous system to trigger a local immune response that ultimately damages myelin and axons. Pro-inflammatory cytokines amplify the inflammatory cascade by compromising the BBB, recruiting immune cells from the periphery, and activating resident microglia. inflammation-associated oxidative burst in activated microglia and macrophages plays an important role in the demyelination and free radical-mediated tissue injury in the pathogenesis of MS. The inflammatory environment in demyelinating lesions leads to the generation of oxygen- and nitrogen-free radicals as well as proinflammatory cytokines which contribute to the development and progression of the disease. Inflammation can lead to oxidative stress and vice versa. Thus, oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in a self-perpetuating cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro G. Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421 CP 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oscar K. Bitzer-Quintero
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana C. Ramírez-Anguiano
- Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421 CP 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis J. Flores-Alvarado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de Ciencias Exactas de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950 CP 44350 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Ramírez-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Macias-Islas
- Departamento de Neurología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Belisario Dominguez 1000 CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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179
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Shahabi P, Siest G, Visvikis-siest S. Influence of inflammation on cardiovascular protective effects of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 46:33-56. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.837916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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180
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181
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Vasculotoxic and Proinflammatory Effects of Plasma Heme: Cell Signaling and Cytoprotective Responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2013. [PMID: 25506596 PMCID: PMC4261193 DOI: 10.1155/2013/831596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proinfammatory vasculotoxic effects of intravascular hemolysis are modulated by plasma hemoglobin and heme clearance via the haptoglobin/CD163 system and the hemopexin/CD91 system, respectively, and detoxification through the heme oxygenase/ferritin system. However, sudden or excessive hemolysis can overwhelm these protective systems leading to heme interacting with cells of the vasculature. Heme presents a damage-associated molecular pattern to the innate immune system. Heme is an extracellular inflammatory signaling molecule with strict binding specificity for TLR4 on monocyte/macrophages, endothelial, and other cells. The resulting TLR4 signaling cascade rapidly leads to intracellular oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. Heme also induces a cytoprotective response that includes Nrf2 responsive genes such as heme oxygenase-1, ferritin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, and other antioxidant response genes. It is the balance between the pro-inflammatory/vasculotoxic effects of plasma hemoglobin/heme and the cytoprotective responses that ultimately determines the pathophysiologic outcome in patients.
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Repessé Y, Peyron I, Dimitrov JD, Dasgupta S, Moshai EF, Costa C, Borel-Derlon A, Guillet B, D'Oiron R, Aouba A, Rothschild C, Oldenburg J, Pavlova A, Kaveri SV, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Development of inhibitory antibodies to therapeutic factor VIII in severe hemophilia A is associated with microsatellite polymorphisms in the HMOX1 promoter. Haematologica 2013; 98:1650-5. [PMID: 23716558 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.084665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase-1, a stress-inducible enzyme with anti-inflammatory activity, reduces the immunogenicity of therapeutic factor VIII in experimental hemophilia A. In humans, heme oxygenase-1 expression is modulated by polymorphisms in the promoter of the heme oxygenase-1-encoding gene (HMOX1). We investigated the relationship between polymorphisms in the HMOX1 promoter and factor VIII inhibitor development in severe hemophilia A. We performed a case-control study on 99 inhibitor-positive patients and 263 patients who did not develop inhibitors within the first 150 cumulative days of exposure to therapeutic factor VIII. Direct sequencing and DNA fragment analysis were used to study (GT)n polymorphism and single nucleotide polymorphisms located at -1135 and -413 in the promoter of HMOX1. We assessed associations between the individual allele frequencies or genotypes, and inhibitor development. Our results demonstrate that inhibitor-positive patients had a higher frequency of alleles with large (GT)n repeats (L: n≥30), which are associated with lesser heme oxygenase-1 expression (odds ratio 2.31; 95% confidence interval 1.46-3.66; P<0.001]. Six genotypes (L/L, L/M, L/S, M/M, M/S and S/S) of (GT)n repeats were identified (S: n<21; M: 21≤n<30). The genotype group including L alleles (L/L, L/M and L/S) was statistically more frequent among inhibitor-positive than inhibitor-negative patients, as compared to the other genotypes (33.3% versus 17.1%) (odds ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.76; P<0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first association identified between HMOX1 promoter polymorphism and development of anti-drug antibodies. Our study paves the way towards modulation of the endogenous anti-inflammatory machinery of hemophilia patients to reduce the risk of inhibitor development.
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Akyazi I, Eraslan E, Gülçubuk A, Ekiz EE, Çırakli ZL, Haktanir D, Bala DA, Özkurt M, Matur E, Özcan M. Long-term aspirin pretreatment in the prevention of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2894-2903. [PMID: 23704822 PMCID: PMC3660814 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i19.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of long term pretreatment with low-, medium- and high-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) on a model of acute pancreatitis (AP) induced in rats.
METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were used. Three experimental groups, each consisting of eight animals, received low- (5 mg/kg per day), medium- (150 mg/kg per day) and high-dose (350 mg/kg per day) ASA in supplemented pellet chow for 100 d. Eight animals, serving as the AP-control group, and another eight, serving as reference value (RV) group, were fed with standard pellet chow for the same period. After pretreatment, AP was induced in the experimental animals by intraperitoneal administration of cerulein (2 × 50 μg/kg), while the RV group received saline in the same way. Twelve hours after the second injection, the animals were sacrificed. Pancreatic tissue and plasma samples were collected. One part of the collected pancreatic tissues was used for histopathological evaluation, and the remaining portion was homogenized. Cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6], hemogram parameters, biochemical parameters (amylase and lipase), nuclear factor-κB, aspirin triggered lipoxins and parameters related to the antioxidant system (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, hemeoxygenase-1, catalase and superoxide dismutase) were measured.
RESULTS: Cerulein administration induced mild pancreatitis, characterized by interstitial edema (total histopathological score of 5.88 ± 0.44 vs 0.25 ± 0.16, P < 0.001). Subsequent pancreatic tissue damage resulted in an increase in amylase (2829.71 ± 772.48 vs 984.57 ± 49.22 U/L, P = 0.001) and lipase (110.14 ± 75.84 U/L vs 4.71 ± 0.78 U/L, P < 0.001) in plasma, and leucocytes (6.89 ± 0.48 vs 4.36 ± 0.23, P = 0.001) in peripheral blood. Cytokines, IL-1β (18.81 ± 2.55 pg/μg vs 6.65 ± 0.24 pg/μg, P = 0.002) and IL-6 (14.62 ± 1.98 pg/μg vs 9.09 ± 1.36 pg/μg, P = 0.04) in pancreatic tissue also increased. Aspirin pretreatment reduced the increase in the aforementioned parameters to a certain degree and partially improved the histopathological alterations caused by cerulein. No evidence of side effects related to chronic ASA administration (e.g., inflammation or bleeding) was observed in the gastrointestinal tract in macroscopic and histopathological examination.
CONCLUSION: Long term ASA pretreatment could prevent and/or ameliorate certain hematological, serological and histological alterations caused by cerulein-induced AP.
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Red meat consumption is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in men but not in women: a Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1910-8. [PMID: 23651531 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between different types of meat intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We prospectively examined the association between total meat, total red meat, unprocessed red meat, processed meat and poultry intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Subjects were 27 425 men and 36 424 women aged 45–75 years who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, and had no history of type 2 diabetes, cancer, stroke, IHD, chronic liver disease or kidney disease. Meat intake was estimated using a validated 147-item FFQ. OR of self-reported, physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes over 5 years were estimated using a multiple logistic regression. A total of 1178 newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes were self-reported. Intakes of total meat and total red meat were associated with the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in men but not in women. The multivariate-adjusted OR for the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of total meat and total red meat intake were 1·36 (95% CI 1·07, 1·73; P for trend=0·006) and 1·48 (95% CI 1·15, 1·90; P for trend=0·003) for men, respectively, and 0·82 (95% CI 0·62, 1·09; P for trend=0·14) and 0·77 (95% CI 0·57, 1·02; P for trend=0·08) for women, respectively. Intakes of processed red meat and poultry were not associated with the increased risk of diabetes in either men or women. In conclusion, elevated intake of red meat is associated with the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men but not in women.
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185
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Wagener FADTG, Carels CE, Lundvig DMS. Targeting the redox balance in inflammatory skin conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9126-67. [PMID: 23624605 PMCID: PMC3676777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be both beneficial and deleterious. Under normal physiological conditions, ROS production is tightly regulated, and ROS participate in both pathogen defense and cellular signaling. However, insufficient ROS detoxification or ROS overproduction generates oxidative stress, resulting in cellular damage. Oxidative stress has been linked to various inflammatory diseases. Inflammation is an essential response in the protection against injurious insults and thus important at the onset of wound healing. However, hampered resolution of inflammation can result in a chronic, exaggerated response with additional tissue damage. In the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin conditions, e.g., sunburn and psoriasis, inflammatory-mediated tissue damage is central. The prolonged release of excess ROS in the skin can aggravate inflammatory injury and promote chronic inflammation. The cellular redox balance is therefore tightly regulated by several (enzymatic) antioxidants and pro-oxidants; however, in case of chronic inflammation, the antioxidant system may be depleted, and prolonged oxidative stress occurs. Due to the central role of ROS in inflammatory pathologies, restoring the redox balance forms an innovative therapeutic target in the development of new strategies for treating inflammatory skin conditions. Nevertheless, the clinical use of antioxidant-related therapies is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (F.A.D.T.G.W.); (D.M.S.L.); Tel.: +31-24-3614082 (F.A.D.T.G.W.); Fax: +31-24-3540631 (F.A.D.T.G.W. & D.M.S.L.)
| | | | - Ditte M. S. Lundvig
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (F.A.D.T.G.W.); (D.M.S.L.); Tel.: +31-24-3614082 (F.A.D.T.G.W.); Fax: +31-24-3540631 (F.A.D.T.G.W. & D.M.S.L.)
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Vinchi F, De Franceschi L, Ghigo A, Townes T, Cimino J, Silengo L, Hirsch E, Altruda F, Tolosano E. Hemopexin therapy improves cardiovascular function by preventing heme-induced endothelial toxicity in mouse models of hemolytic diseases. Circulation 2013; 127:1317-29. [PMID: 23446829 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.130179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemolytic diseases are characterized by enhanced intravascular hemolysis resulting in heme-catalyzed reactive oxygen species generation, which leads to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Hemopexin (Hx) is a plasma heme scavenger able to prevent endothelial damage and tissue congestion in a model of heme overload. Here, we tested whether Hx could be used as a therapeutic tool to counteract heme toxic effects on the cardiovascular system in hemolytic diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS By using a model of heme overload in Hx-null mice, we demonstrated that heme excess in plasma, if not bound to Hx, promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of adhesion molecules and caused the reduction of nitric oxide availability. Then, we used β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease mice as models of hemolytic diseases to evaluate the efficacy of an Hx-based therapy in the treatment of vascular dysfunction related to heme overload. Our data demonstrated that Hx prevented heme-iron loading in the cardiovascular system, thus limiting the production of reactive oxygen species, the induction of adhesion molecules, and the oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, and promoted heme recovery and detoxification by the liver mainly through the induction of heme oxygenase activity. Moreover, we showed that in sickle cell disease mice, endothelial activation and oxidation were associated with increased blood pressure and altered cardiac function, and the administration of exogenous Hx was found to almost completely normalize these parameters. CONCLUSIONS Hemopexin treatment is a promising novel therapy to protect against heme-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vinchi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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187
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Douillard S, Rozec B, Bigot E, Aillet L, Patrice T. Secondary reactive oxygen species production after PDT during pulmonary tumor growth in sera of nude mice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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188
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Multiple factors from bradykinin-challenged astrocytes contribute to the neuronal apoptosis: involvement of astroglial ROS, MMP-9, and HO-1/CO system. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 47:1020-33. [PMID: 23307413 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has been shown to induce the expression of several inflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in brain astrocytes. These mediators may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and death in various neurological disorders. However, the effects of multiple inflammatory mediators released from BK-challenged astrocytes on neuronal cells remain unclear. Here, we found that multiple factors were released from brain astrocytes (RBA-1) exposed to BK in the conditioned culture media (BK-CM), including ROS, MMP-9, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO), leading to neuronal cell (SK-N-SH) death. Exposure of SK-N-SH cells to BK-CM or H2O2 reduced cell viability and induced cell apoptosis which were attenuated by N-acetyl cysteine, indicating a role of ROS in these responses. The effect of BK-CM on cell viability and cell apoptosis was also reversed by immunoprecipitation of BK-CM with anti-MMP-9 antibody (MMP-9-IP-CM) or MMP2/9 inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of MMP-9 in BK-CM-mediated responses. Astroglial HO-1/CO in BK-CM induced cell apoptosis and reduced cell viability which was reversed by hemoglobin. Consistently, the involvement of CO in these cellular responses was revealed by incubation with a CO donor CO-RM2 which was reversed by hemoglobin. The role of HO-1 in BK-CM-induced responses was confirmed by overexpression of HO-1 in SK-N-SH infected with Adv-HO-1. BK-CM-induced cell apoptosis was due to the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. Together, we demonstrate that BK-induced several neurotoxic factors, including ROS, MMP-9, and CO released from astrocytes, may induce neuronal death through a caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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189
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Costa NR, Silva RO, Nicolau LA, Lucetti LT, Santana APM, Aragão KS, Soares PM, Ribeiro RA, Souza MH, Barbosa AL, Medeiros JVR. Role of soluble guanylate cyclase activation in the gastroprotective effect of the HO-1/CO pathway against alendronate-induced gastric damage in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 700:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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190
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Piantadosi CA, Suliman HB. Redox regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2043-53. [PMID: 23000245 PMCID: PMC3604744 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cell renews, adapts, or expands its mitochondrial population during episodes of cell damage or periods of intensified energy demand by the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. This bigenomic program is modulated by redox-sensitive signals that respond to physiological nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. This review summarizes our current ideas about the pathways involved in the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis by the physiological gases leading to changes in the redox milieu of the cell, with an emphasis on the responses to oxidative stress and inflammation. The cell's energy supply is protected from conditions that damage mitochondria by an inducible transcriptional program of mitochondrial biogenesis that operates in large part through redox signals involving the nitric oxide synthase and the heme oxygenase-1/CO systems. These redox events stimulate the coordinated activities of several multifunctional transcription factors and coactivators also involved in the elimination of defective mitochondria and the expression of counterinflammatory and antioxidant genes, such as IL10 and SOD2, as part of a unified damage-control network. The redox-regulated mechanisms of mitochondrial biogenesis schematically outlined in the graphical abstract link mitochondrial quality control to an enhanced capacity to support the cell's metabolic needs while improving its resistance to metabolic failure and avoidance of cell death during periods of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude A Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and the Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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191
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Iwahara Y, Nagai A, Yoshiki N, Igarashi K, Yamashita K, Kubota T. Expression of heme oxygenase in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium in patients with adenomyosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:892-6. [PMID: 22559824 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.683064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme into iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin. This enzyme has important functions in cellular homeostasis, including the regulation of oxidative load, apoptosis, and inflammation. Two isoforms of HO, the inducible HO-1 and the constitutive HO-2, are expressed and are known to play a role in the normal human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle, but there is little evidence for HO expression and behavior in adenomyosis, which is the occurrence of intramural ectopic endometrial tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and localization of the two HO isoforms in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis during the menstrual cycle. The oxidative stress and apoptosis related to HO-1 expression were also assessed. The expression of HO-1 and HO-2 in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium was confirmed, and their levels in the ectopic endometrium were lower than those in the eutopic endometrium. The cyclic variability of HO expression was lost in the ectopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle, whereas this variability was apparent in the eutopic endometrium. Moreover, HO-1 expression corresponded to apoptotic events in the eutopic endometrium. Constitutive HO-2 expression corresponded to endometrial proliferation and degradation. These results reveal that both HO-1 and HO-2 contribute little in the pathophysiology of adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Iwahara
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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192
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Barcellos-de-Souza P, Moraes JA, de-Freitas-Junior JCM, Morgado-Díaz JA, Barja-Fidalgo C, Arruda MA. Heme modulates intestinal epithelial cell activation: involvement of NADPHox-derived ROS signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 304:C170-9. [PMID: 23114967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00078.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In many gut chronic inflammatory conditions, intestinal epithelium (IE) is deprived of the protection of the mucus secreted by IE-specialized cells. In these events, bleeding and subsequent lysis of erythrocytes are common. This may lead to the release of high amounts of heme in the intestinal lumen, which interacts with IE. Previous works from our group have shown that heme itself is a proinflammatory molecule, activating a number of phlogistic signaling events in a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPHox)-dependent manner. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of heme upon a well-established nontransformed small intestine epithelial cell lineage (IEC 6). Our results show that free heme evokes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by IEC 6 cells, which is inhibited both by pharmacological inhibition with diphenyleneiodonium (10 μM), a NADPHox inhibitor, and small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of NOX1, a constitutive NADPHox isoform present in intestinal epithelial cells. Focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton polymerization are also induced by heme in a NADPHox-dependent manner. Heme increases monolayer permeability and redistributes key modulators of cell-cell adhesion as zona occludens-1 and E-cadherin proteins via NADPHox signaling. Heme promotes IEC 6 cell migration and proliferation, phenomena also regulated by NADPHox-derived ROS. Heme, in NADPHox-activating concentrations, is able to induce mRNA expression of IL-6, a cytokine implicated in inflammatory and tumorigenic responses. These data indicate a prominent role for heme-derived signaling in the pathophysiology of intestinal mucosa dysfunction and address an important role of NADPHox activity on the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barcellos-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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193
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Krajka-Kuźniak V, Paluszczak J, Baer-Dubowska W. Xanthohumol induces phase II enzymes via Nrf2 in human hepatocytes in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:149-56. [PMID: 23085367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether xanthohumol may exert chemoprotective activity through the modulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in immortalized normal THLE-2 hepatocytes and a hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line. Cells were incubated in the presence of xanthohumol and the activation of Nrf2 and expression of genes controlled by this transcription factor were evaluated. Additionally, p53 level was assessed. Xanthohumol increased the expression and led to the activation of Nrf2 in both cell lines. However, in contrast to normal cells the expression of genes controlled by this transcription factor was not affected in HepG2 cells, except for GSTA and GSTP. Xanthohumol, beside the induction of GSTs and HO-1, significantly elevated NQO1 expression in concert with p53 level in normal hepatocytes. The activation of Nrf2 pathway and subsequently phase II enzymes in concert with p53 induction in normal hepatocytes may account for the molecular mechanism of the chemopreventive activity of xanthohumol. On the other hand its cytotoxicity towards HCC cells shown in this study indicates that it may also be considered as potentially chemotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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194
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Deshmukh R, Trivedi V. Methemoglobin exposure produces toxicological effects in macrophages due to multiple ROS spike induced apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:16-23. [PMID: 23041250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are an integral part of the immune system, required to produce a robust immune response against an infectious organism. Presence of methemoglobin in body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine is associated with tissue damage. We tested cytotoxic effects of MetHb and underlying molecular events in mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1. MetHb exposure dose dependently reduced macrophage viability in an MTT assay. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation of MetHb treated macrophage indicated death (less number of cells per field), severe damage to membrane structure and accumulation of particulate matter in the cytosol. The macrophage death during MetHb exposure was due to induction of apoptosis as indicated by annexin-V/FITC staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. MetHb treatment generated a periodic ROS spikes with time in the macrophage cytosol to develop oxidative stress. Scavenging ROS spikes with NAC, mannitol or PBN dose dependently protected macrophages against MetHb induced toxicity, apoptosis and cellular membrane damage. Our work highlighted the contributions of MetHb mediated toxicity toward macrophage and its potential role in tissue damage and immune depression during malaria and other hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitas Deshmukh
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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195
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Checker R, Patwardhan RS, Sharma D, Menon J, Thoh M, Bhilwade HN, Konishi T, Sandur SK. Schisandrin B exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of the redox-sensitive transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1421-30. [PMID: 22917978 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (SB), a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and used commonly in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of hepatitis and myocardial disorders, has been recently shown to modulate cellular redox balance. Since we have shown that cellular redox plays an important role in the modulation of immune responses, the present studies were undertaken to study the effects of SB on activation and effector functions of lymphocytes. SB altered the redox status of lymphocytes by enhancing the basal reactive oxygen species levels and altering the GSH/GSSG ratio in lymphocytes. It also induced nuclear translocation of redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 and increased the transcription of its dependent genes. SB inhibited mitogen-induced proliferation and cytokine secretion by lymphocytes. SB also significantly inhibited mitogen-induced upregulation of T cell costimulatory molecules and activation markers. It was observed that SB inhibited mitogen-induced phosphorylation of c-Raf, MEK, ERK, JNK, and p38. It suppressed IκBα degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in activated lymphocytes. Anti-inflammatory effects of SB were significantly abrogated by the inhibitors of Nrf2 and HO-1, suggesting the involvement of this pathway. Similar anti-inflammatory effects of SB on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion were also observed in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the anti-inflammatory effects of SB are mediated via modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB in lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Medical Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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196
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Heme modulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via NADPH oxidase: A counter-regulatory role for heme oxygenase system. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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197
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Su L, Feng L, Liu C, Jiang Z, Li M, Xiao K, Yan P, Jia Y, Feng D, Xie L. Diagnostic value of urine sCD163 levels for sepsis and relevant acute kidney injury: a prospective study. BMC Nephrol 2012; 13:123. [PMID: 23013330 PMCID: PMC3506529 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-13-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a common syndrome in critically ill patients and easily leads to the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI), with high mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of urine soluble CD163 (sCD163) for identification of sepsis, severity of sepsis, and for secondary AKI, and to assess the patients' prognosis. METHODS We enrolled 20 cases with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 40 cases with sepsis (further divided into 17 sepsis cases and 23 severe sepsis cases) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 20 control cases. Results for urine sCD163 were recorded on the day of admission to the ICU, and AKI occurrence was noted. RESULTS On the day of ICU admission, the sepsis group exhibited higher levels of urine sCD163 (74.8 ng/ml; range: 47.9-148.3 ng/ml) compared with those in the SIRS group (31.9 ng/ml; 16.8-48.0, P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.94, P < 0.001) the sensitivity was 0.83, and the specificity was 0.75 (based on a cut-off point of 43.0 ng/ml). Moreover, the severe sepsis group appeared to have a higher level of sCD163 compared with that in the sepsis group (76.2; 47.2-167.5 ng/ml vs. 74.2; 46.2-131.6 ng/ml), but this was not significant. For 15 patients with AKI, urine sCD163 levels at AKI diagnosis were significantly higher than those of the remaining 35 sepsis patients upon ICU admission (121.0; 74.6-299.1 ng/ml vs. 61.8; 42.8-128.3 ng/ml, P = 0.049). The AUC for urine sCD163 was 0.688 (95% CI: 0.51-0.87, P = 0.049). Sepsis patients with a poor prognosis showed a higher urine sCD163 level at ICU admission (98.6; 50.3-275.6 ng/ml vs. 68.0; 44.8-114.5 ng/ml), but this was not significant. Patients with AKI with a poor prognosis had higher sCD163 levels than those in patients with a better prognosis (205.9; 38.6-766.0 ng/ml vs. 80.9; 74.9-141.0 ng/ml), but this was not significant. CONCLUSIONS This study shows, for the first time, the potential value of urine sCD163 levels for identifying sepsis and diagnosing AKI, as well as for assessment of patients' prognosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-ONC-10000812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiang Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan Province, 572013, China
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198
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Andreas M, Schmid AI, Doberer D, Schewzow K, Weisshaar S, Heinze G, Bilban M, Moser E, Wolzt M. Heme arginate improves reperfusion patterns after ischemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in healthy male subjects. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012; 14:55. [PMID: 22857721 PMCID: PMC3438022 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-14-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Heme arginate can induce heme oxygenase-1 to protect tissue against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging measures changes in tissue oxygenation with a high spatial and temporal resolution. BOLD imaging was applied to test the effect of heme arginate on experimental ischemia reperfusion injury in the calf muscles. METHODS A two period, controlled, observer blinded, crossover trial was performed in 12 healthy male subjects. Heme arginate (1 mg/kg body weight) or placebo were infused 24 h prior to a 20 min leg ischemia induced by a thigh cuff. 3 Tesla BOLD-imaging of the calf was performed and signal time courses from soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle were available from 11 participants for technical reasons. RESULTS Peak reactive hyperemia signal of the musculature was significantly increased and occurred earlier after heme arginate compared to placebo (106.2 ± 0.6% at 175 ± 16s vs. 104.5 ± 0.6% at 221 ± 19s; p = 0.025 for peak reperfusion and p = 0.012 for time to peak). CONCLUSIONS A single high dose of heme arginate improves reperfusion patterns during ischemia reperfusion injury in humans. BOLD sensitive, functional MRI is applicable for the assessment of experimental ischemia reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andreas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Ingo Schmid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Doberer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kiril Schewzow
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Heinze
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewald Moser
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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199
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Tavares AFN, Nobre LS, Saraiva LM. A role for reactive oxygen species in the antibacterial properties of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 336:1-10. [PMID: 22774863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) are, in general, transition metal carbonyl complexes that liberate controlled amounts of CO. In animal models, CO-RMs have been shown to reduce myocardial ischaemia, inflammation and vascular dysfunction, and to provide a protective effect in organ transplantation. Moreover, CO-RMs are bactericides that kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Herein are reviewed the microbial genetic and biochemical responses associated with CO-RM-mediated cell death. Particular emphasis is given to the data revealing that CO-RMs induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to the antibacterial activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa N Tavares
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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200
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Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is the most abundant free amino acid in humans and plays an important role in several essential biological processes such as bile acid conjugation, maintenance of calcium homeostasis, osmoregulation and membrane stabilization. Moreover, attenuation of apoptosis and its antioxidant activity seem to be crucial for the cytoprotective effects of taurine. Although these properties are not tissue specific, taurine reaches particularly high concentrations in tissues exposed to elevated levels of oxidants (e.g., inflammatory cells). It suggests that taurine may play an important role in inflammation associated with oxidative stress. Indeed, at the site of inflammation, taurine is known to react with and detoxify hypochlorous acid generated by the neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO)–halide system. This reaction results in the formation of less toxic taurine chloramine (TauCl). Both haloamines, TauCl and taurine bromamine (TauBr), the product of taurine reaction with hypobromous acid (HOBr), exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast to a well-documented regulatory role of taurine and taurine haloamines (TauCl, TauBr) in acute inflammation, their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases is not clear. This review summarizes our current knowledge concerning the role of taurine, TauCl and TauBr in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases initiated or propagated by MPO-derived oxidants. The aim of this paper is to show links between inflammation, neutrophils, MPO, oxidative stress and taurine. We will discuss the possible contribution of taurine and taurine haloamines to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, especially in the best studied example of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., 31-121, Kraków, Poland,
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