151
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Hernández-Ostiz S, Prieto-Torres L, Xirotagaros G, Noguera-Morel L, Hernández-Martín Á, Torrelo A. Autoinflammatory Diseases in Pediatric Dermatology-Part 1: Urticaria-like Syndromes, Pustular Syndromes, and Mucocutaneous Ulceration Syndromes. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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152
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Hernández-Ostiz S, Prieto-Torres L, Xirotagaros G, Noguera-Morel L, Hernández-Martín Á, Torrelo A. Enfermedades autoinflamatorias en dermatología pediátrica. Parte 1: síndromes urticariformes, síndromes pustulosos y síndromes con ulceraciones cutáneo-mucosas. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017; 108:609-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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153
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Autoinflammatory Diseases in Pediatric Dermatology–Part 2: Histiocytic, Macrophage Activation, and Vasculitis Syndromes. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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154
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NLRP3 mutation and cochlear autoinflammation cause syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss DFNA34 responsive to anakinra therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7766-E7775. [PMID: 28847925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702946114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular innate immune sensor that is expressed in immune cells, including monocytes and macrophages. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to IL-1β secretion. Gain-of-function mutations of NLRP3 result in abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and cause the autosomal dominant systemic autoinflammatory disease spectrum, termed cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Here, we show that a missense mutation, p.Arg918Gln (c.2753G > A), of NLRP3 causes autosomal-dominant sensorineural hearing loss in two unrelated families. In family LMG446, hearing loss is accompanied by autoinflammatory signs and symptoms without serologic evidence of inflammation as part of an atypical CAPS phenotype and was reversed or improved by IL-1β blockade therapy. In family LMG113, hearing loss segregates without any other target-organ manifestations of CAPS. This observation led us to explore the possibility that resident macrophage/monocyte-like cells in the cochlea can mediate local autoinflammation via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome can indeed be activated in resident macrophage/monocyte-like cells in the mouse cochlea, resulting in secretion of IL-1β. This pathway could underlie treatable sensorineural hearing loss in DFNA34, CAPS, and possibly in a wide variety of hearing-loss disorders, such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Meniere's disease that are elicited by pathogens and processes that stimulate innate immune responses within the cochlea.
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155
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Casale TB. Biologics and biomarkers for asthma, urticaria, and nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1411-1421. [PMID: 28477720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with allergic disorders continue to have uncontrolled symptoms despite new and better pharmacologic options. Novel biologic agents that target specific and critical pathophysiologic pathways have been developed to better manage these patients. The utility of biologic agents for the management of allergic diseases has been facilitated by recent advances in better characterizing patients, including identification of relevant biomarkers that predict clinical responsiveness. This has led to the ability to phenotype and endotype patients, allowing for a more rational approach to picking a specific biologic agent for a specific patient. In this review I focus on point-of-care biomarkers that enhance the usefulness of biologics to manage uncontrolled asthma, urticaria, and nasal polyposis. I discuss biologic agents already approved for the management of allergic and respiratory disorders and biologics currently in development or recently abandoned because of a lack of efficacy or intolerable side effects. The successes and failures of biologics in clinical trials have facilitated our ability to better understand which molecules and pathways are most important in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and in the development of symptoms and impairment in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.
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156
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Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are disorders of the innate immune system characterized by uncontrolled inflammation. The most commonly encountered autoinflammatory diseases are the hereditary periodic fever syndromes, which present with fever and other features of the skin, serosal membranes, and musculoskeletal system. The main inherited (monogenic) periodic fever syndromes are familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), and hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome (HIDS)/mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and pathophysiological basis of autoinflammatory diseases have provided new treatment strategies. Patients with periodic fever syndromes have clearly benefited from anti-interleukin (IL)-1 treatment. Colchicine is still the mainstay of FMF therapy, but IL-1 blockade is also effective if colchicine fails. Early diagnosis and effective treatment can prevent irreversible organ damage. The scope of pathogenic mutations and more targeted therapy for better management of these rare diseases remains to be defined.
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157
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Choi B, Sayeed HM, Islam SMS, Sohn S. Role of N-acetyl galactosamine-4-SO 4, a ligand of CD206 in HSV-induced mouse model of Behçet's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 813:42-49. [PMID: 28709621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CD206 is a macrophage mannose receptor involved in variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic role of CD206 in a herpes simplex virus (HSV) induced Behçet's disease (BD) mouse model. CD206 positive cells were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and quantified by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. CD206 was found to be down-regulated both in vitro (10-6M) and in vivo (200μg/mouse) after treatment with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), a ligand for CD206. The down-regulation of CD206 was correlated with improvement in BD symptoms. Colchicine (2μg/mouse) or pentoxifylline (400μg/mouse) treated mice displayed improvement in BD symptoms with fewer CD206 positive cells. The prevalence of CD206-positive cells differed between ligand-responsive and non-responsive BD mice. Inhibition of CD206 was associated with down-regulated serum level of interleukin-17 in GalNAc-treated BD mice. These results suggest that the expression of CD206 is correlated with HSV-induced BD symptoms in mice, implicating that CD206 might have a pathogenic role in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunsoon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan M Sayeed
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Shamsul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Republic of Korea.
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158
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, acne has been described as a symptom of autoinflammatory diseases, such as PASH (pyoderma gangrenosum - PG, acne and suppurative hidradenitis - SH) and PAPASH (PG, acne, pyogenic arthritis, and SH). The pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases is not fully understood; however, based on the possible involvement of IL-1β, the recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra has been used in the treatment of certain autoinflammatory diseases. METHODS We describe two patients with severe acne and associated symptoms which led to the diagnosis PAPASH and PASH syndrome and who were treated with anakinra. RESULTS In the patient with PASH syndrome, inhibition of inflammation and almost complete healing of ulcers was observed. In the patient with PAPASH syndrome, partial response was achieved. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of anakinra in PASH syndrome and partly in PAPASH syndrome indicates an involvement of IL-1β in acne-associated autoinflammatory diseases.
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159
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Peiró C, Lorenzo Ó, Carraro R, Sánchez-Ferrer CF. IL-1β Inhibition in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 28659798 PMCID: PMC5468794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that affects nowadays millions of people worldwide. In adults, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for the majority of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. The course of the T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance and a progressive loss of β-cell mass. DM is associated with a number of related complications, among which cardiovascular complications and atherosclerosis are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from the disease. DM is acknowledged as a low-grade chronic inflammatory state characterized by the over-secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, which reinforce inflammatory signals thus contributing to the development of complications. In this context, the pharmacological approaches to treat diabetes should not only correct hyperglycaemia, but also attenuate inflammation and prevent the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Over the last years, novel biological drugs have been developed to antagonize the pathophysiological actions of IL-1β. The drugs currently used in clinical practice are anakinra, a recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist, the soluble decoy receptor rilonacept and the monoclonal antibodies canakinumab and gevokizumab. This review will summarize the main experimental and clinical findings obtained with pharmacological IL-1β inhibitors in the context of the cardiovascular complications of DM, and discuss the perspectives of IL-1β inhibitors as novel therapeutic tools for treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Carraro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, Hospital de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
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160
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that comprise part of the
innate immune response. Since their definition, inflammasome disorders have been
linked to an increasing number of diseases. Autoinflammatory diseases refer to
disorders in which local factors lead to the activation of innate immune cells,
causing tissue damage when in the absence of autoantigens and autoantibodies.
Skin symptoms include the main features of monogenic inflammasomopathies, such
as Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), Familial Mediterranean Fever
(FMF), Schnitzler Syndrome, Hyper-IgD Syndrome (HIDS), PAPA Syndrome, and
Deficiency of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA). Concepts from other pathologies
have also been reviewed in recent years, such as psoriasis, after the
recognition of a combined contribution of innate and adaptive immunity in its
pathogenesis. Inflammasomes are also involved in the response to various
infections, malignancies, such as melanoma, autoimmune diseases, including
vitiligo and lupus erythematosus, atopic and contact dermatitis, acne,
hidradenitis suppurativa, among others. Inhibition of the inflammasome pathway
may be a target for future therapies, as already occurs in the handling of CAPS,
through the introduction of IL-1 inhibitors. This study presents a literature
review focusing on the participation of inflammasomes in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyro Festa
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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161
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Fenini G, Contassot E, French LE. Potential of IL-1, IL-18 and Inflammasome Inhibition for the Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:278. [PMID: 28588486 PMCID: PMC5438978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2002, intracellular protein complexes known as the inflammasomes were discovered and were shown to have a crucial role in the sensing of intracellular pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs). Activation of the inflammasomes results in the processing and subsequent secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Several autoinflammatory disorders such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes and Familial Mediterranean Fever have been associated with mutations of genes encoding inflammasome components. Moreover, the importance of IL-1 has been reported for an increasing number of autoinflammatory skin diseases including but not limited to deficiency of IL-1 receptor antagonist, mevalonate kinase deficiency and PAPA syndrome. Recent findings have revealed that excessive IL-1 release induced by harmful stimuli likely contributes to the pathogenesis of common dermatological diseases such as acne vulgaris or seborrheic dermatitis. A key pathogenic feature of these diseases is IL-1β-induced neutrophil recruitment to the skin. IL-1β blockade may therefore represent a promising therapeutic approach. Several case reports and clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of IL-1 inhibition in the treatment of these skin disorders. Next to the recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) Anakinra and the soluble decoy Rilonacept, the anti-IL-1α monoclonal antibody MABp1 and anti-IL-1β Canakinumab but also Gevokizumab, LY2189102 and P2D7KK, offer valid alternatives to target IL-1. Although less thoroughly investigated, an involvement of IL-18 in the development of cutaneous inflammatory disorders is also suspected. The present review describes the role of IL-1 in diseases with skin involvement and gives an overview of the relevant studies discussing the therapeutic potential of modulating the secretion and activity of IL-1 and IL-18 in such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Contassot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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162
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Schnabel A, Range U, Hahn G, Berner R, Hedrich CM. Treatment Response and Longterm Outcomes in Children with Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:1058-1065. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective.The autoinflammatory bone disorder chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) covers a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from mild self-limited presentations to chronically active or recurrent courses, which are then referred to as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Little is known about treatment options and longterm outcomes. We investigated treatment responses and outcomes in children with CNO.Methods.A retrospective chart review was conducted in a tertiary referral center, covering 2004–2015. Disease activity was measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment initiation, and at the last recorded visit.Results.Fifty-six patients with CNO were identified; 44 had multifocal CNO. Fifty percent of patients relapsed after a median of 2.4 years, and as few as 40% remained relapse-free after 5 years. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were used as first-line treatment in 55 patients, inducing remission after 3 months in all individuals with relapse rates of 50% after 2 years. Further treatment included corticosteroids (n = 23), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors (n = 7), and bisphosphonates (n = 8). While 47% of patients with CNO relapsed within 1 year after corticosteroid therapy, favorable outcomes were achieved with TNF-α inhibitors or bisphosphonates (pamidronate).Conclusion.CNO is a chronic disease with favorable outcomes within the first year, but high relapse rates in longterm followup. Particularly, patients with CRMO with long-lasting, uncontrolled inflammation were at risk for the development of arthritis. Our findings underscore the importance of a timely diagnosis and treatment initiation. Prospective studies are warranted to establish evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to CNO.
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163
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Hernández-Ostiz S, Xirotagaros G, Prieto-Torres L, Noguera-Morel L, Torrelo A. Autoinflammatory Diseases in Pediatric Dermatology-Part 2: Histiocytic, Macrophage Activation, and Vasculitis Syndromes. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2017; 108:620-629. [PMID: 28438265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new autoinflammatory syndromes and novel mutations has advanced at breakneck speed in recent years. Part 2 of this review focuses on vasculitis syndromes and the group of histiocytic and macrophage activation syndromes. We also include a table showing the mutations associated with these autoinflammatory syndromes and treatment alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Xirotagaros
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - L Prieto-Torres
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - L Noguera-Morel
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - A Torrelo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Niño Jesús, Madrid, España.
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164
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Banchereau R, Cepika AM, Banchereau J, Pascual V. Understanding Human Autoimmunity and Autoinflammation Through Transcriptomics. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:337-370. [PMID: 28142321 PMCID: PMC5937945 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomics, the high-throughput characterization of RNAs, has been instrumental in defining pathogenic signatures in human autoimmunity and autoinflammation. It enabled the identification of new therapeutic targets in IFN-, IL-1- and IL-17-mediated diseases. Applied to immunomonitoring, transcriptomics is starting to unravel diagnostic and prognostic signatures that stratify patients, track molecular changes associated with disease activity, define personalized treatment strategies, and generally inform clinical practice. Herein, we review the use of transcriptomics to define mechanistic, diagnostic, and predictive signatures in human autoimmunity and autoinflammation. We discuss some of the analytical approaches applied to extract biological knowledge from high-dimensional data sets. Finally, we touch upon emerging applications of transcriptomics to study eQTLs, B and T cell repertoire diversity, and isoform usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacques Banchereau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030;
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas 75204; , ,
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165
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Carta S, Semino C, Sitia R, Rubartelli A. Dysregulated IL-1β Secretion in Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Matter of Stress? Front Immunol 2017; 8:345. [PMID: 28421072 PMCID: PMC5378711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious and sterile inflammation is induced by activation of innate immune cells. Triggering of toll-like receptors by pathogen-associated molecular pattern or damage-associated molecular pattern (PAMP or DAMP) molecules generates reactive oxygen species that in turn induce production and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Recent evidence indicates that cell stress due to common events, like starvation, enhanced metabolic demand, cold or heat, not only potentiates inflammation but may also directly trigger it in the absence of PAMPs or DAMPs. Stress-mediated inflammation is also a common feature of many hereditary disorders, due to the proteotoxic effects of mutant proteins. We propose that harmful mutant proteins can induce dysregulated IL-1β production and inflammation through different pathways depending on the cell type involved. When expressed in professional inflammatory cells, stress induced by the mutant protein activates in a cell-autonomous way the onset of inflammation and mediates its aberrant development, resulting in the explosive responses that hallmark autoinflammatory diseases. When expressed in non-immune cells, the mutant protein may cause the release of transcellular stress signals that trigger and propagate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Carta
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Semino
- Unit of Protein Transport and Secretion, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Unit of Protein Transport and Secretion, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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166
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Ben‐Zvi I, Kukuy O, Giat E, Pras E, Feld O, Kivity S, Perski O, Bornstein G, Grossman C, Harari G, Lidar M, Livneh A. Anakinra for Colchicine‐Resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:854-862. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Ben‐Zvi
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv Israel
| | | | | | - Elon Pras
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv Israel
| | - Olga Feld
- Sheba Medical CenterRamat Gan Israel
| | - Shaye Kivity
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Gil Bornstein
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv Israel
| | - Chagai Grossman
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv Israel
| | | | - Merav Lidar
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv Israel
| | - Avi Livneh
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv Israel
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167
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Ait-Idir D, Djerdjouri B, Bouldjennet F, Taha RZ, El-Shanti H, Sari-Hamidou R, Khellaf G, Benmansour M, Benabadji M, Haddoum F. The M694I/M694I genotype: A genetic risk factor of AA-amyloidosis in a group of Algerian patients with familial Mediterranean fever. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:149-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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168
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The list of genes associated with systemic inflammatory diseases has been steadily growing because of the explosion of new genomic technologies. Significant advances in the past year have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation and elucidated insights on the efficacy of specific therapies for these and related conditions. We review the molecular pathogenesis of four recently characterized monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: haploinsufficiency of A20, otulipenia, a severe form of pyrin-associated disease, and a monogenic form of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS The scope of autoinflammation has been broadened to include defects in deubiquitination and cellular redox homeostasis. At the clinical level, we discuss the biological rationale for treatment with cytokine inhibitors and colchicine in respective conditions and the use of interleukin-1 antagonism for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the management of undifferentiated autoinflammatory disorders. SUMMARY Gene discoveries coupled with studies of molecular function provide knowledge into the biology of inflammatory responses and form the basis for genomically informed therapies. Diseases of dysregulated ubiquitination constitute a novel category of human inflammatory disorders.
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169
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Aksentijevich I, McDermott MF. Lessons from characterization and treatment of the autoinflammatory syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:187-194. [PMID: 27906774 PMCID: PMC5823535 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The list of genes associated with systemic inflammatory diseases has been steadily growing because of the explosion of new genomic technologies. Significant advances in the past year have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation and elucidated insights on the efficacy of specific therapies for these and related conditions. We review the molecular pathogenesis of four recently characterized monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: haploinsufficiency of A20, otulipenia, a severe form of pyrin-associated disease, and a monogenic form of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS The scope of autoinflammation has been broadened to include defects in deubiquitination and cellular redox homeostasis. At the clinical level, we discuss the biological rationale for treatment with cytokine inhibitors and colchicine in respective conditions and the use of interleukin-1 antagonism for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the management of undifferentiated autoinflammatory disorders. SUMMARY Gene discoveries coupled with studies of molecular function provide knowledge into the biology of inflammatory responses and form the basis for genomically informed therapies. Diseases of dysregulated ubiquitination constitute a novel category of human inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael F. McDermott
- NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds UK
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170
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Hutton HL, Ooi JD, Holdsworth SR, Kitching AR. The NLRP3 inflammasome in kidney disease and autoimmunity. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 21:736-44. [PMID: 27011059 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular platform that converts the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to their active forms in response to 'danger' signals, which can be either host or pathogen derived, and mediates a form of inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. This component of the innate immune system was initially discovered because of its role in rare autoinflammatory syndromes called cryopyrinopathies, but it has since been shown to mediate injurious inflammation in a broad range of diseases. Inflammasome activation occurs in both immune cells, primarily macrophages and dendritic cells, and in some intrinsic kidney cells such as the renal tubular epithelium. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of renal conditions, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy and crystal-related nephropathy. The inflammasome also plays a role in autoimmune kidney disease, as IL-1β and IL-18 influence adaptive immunity through modulation of T helper cell subsets, skewing development in favour of Th17 and Th1 cells that are important in the development of autoimmunity. Both IL-1 blockade and two recently identified specific NLRP3 inflammasome blockers, MCC950 and β-hydroxybutyrate, have shown promise in the treatment of inflammasome-mediated conditions. These targeted therapies have the potential to be of benefit in the growing number of kidney diseases in which the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Hutton
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua D Ooi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen R Holdsworth
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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171
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Mamoudjy N, Maurey H, Marie I, Koné-Paut I, Deiva K. Neurological outcome of patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:33. [PMID: 28196516 PMCID: PMC5309976 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the neurological involvement and outcome, including school and professional performances, of adults and children with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Methods In this observational study, patients with genetically proven CAPS and followed in the national referral centre for autoinflammatory diseases at Bicêtre hospital were assessed. Neurological manifestations, CSF data and MRI results at diagnosis and during follow-up were analyzed. Results Twenty-four patients (15 adults and 9 children at diagnosis) with CAPS were included. The median age at disease onset was 0 year (birth) [range 0–14], the median age at diagnosis was 20 years [range 0–53] and the mean duration of follow-up was 10.4 ± 2 years. Neurological involvement at diagnosis, mostly headaches and hearing loss, was noted in 17 patients (71%). Two patients of the same family had abnormal brain MRI. A439V mutation is frequently associated with a non-neurological phenotype while R260W mutation tends to be associated with neurological involvement. Eleven adult patients (61%) and 3 children (50%) underwent school difficulties. Conclusion Neurological involvement is frequent in patients with CAPS and the majority of patients presented difficulties in school performances with consequences in the professional outcome during adulthood. Further studies in larger cohorts of children with CAPS focusing in intellectual efficiency and school performances are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafissa Mamoudjy
- Department of Pediatrics, Meaux General Hospital, 77104, Meaux Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Maurey
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Pediatric Neurology Department and National Referral Center for Neuroinflammatory Diseases in Children and Inserm UMR 1184, Center for immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, CEA, IDMIT, University Paris Sud, 63, rue Gabriel Péri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Marie
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, National Referral Centre of Auto-inflammatory Diseases, CEREMAI, CHU Bicêtre, University of Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Koné-Paut
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, National Referral Centre of Auto-inflammatory Diseases, CEREMAI, CHU Bicêtre, University of Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Kumaran Deiva
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Pediatric Neurology Department and National Referral Center for Neuroinflammatory Diseases in Children and Inserm UMR 1184, Center for immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, CEA, IDMIT, University Paris Sud, 63, rue Gabriel Péri, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France.
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172
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Hautem N, Morelle J, Sow A, Corbet C, Feron O, Goffin E, Huaux F, Devuyst O. The NLRP3 Inflammasome Has a Critical Role in Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2038-2052. [PMID: 28193826 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial peritonitis remains the main cause of technique failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD). During peritonitis, the peritoneal membrane undergoes structural and functional alterations that are mediated by IL-1β The NLRP3 inflammasome is a caspase-1-activating multiprotein complex that links sensing of microbial and stress products to activation of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β The potential roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β in the peritoneal membrane during acute peritonitis have not been investigated. Here, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated during acute bacterial peritonitis in patients on PD, and this activation associates with the release of IL-1β in the dialysate. In mice, lipopolysaccharide- or Escherichia coli-induced peritonitis led to IL-1β release in the peritoneal membrane. The genetic deletion of Nalp3, which encodes NLRP3, abrogated defects in solute transport during acute peritonitis and restored ultrafiltration. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, IL-1β treatment directly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and increased microvascular permeability. These in vitro effects require endothelial IL-1 receptors, shown by immunofluorescence to be expressed in peritoneal capillaries in mice. Furthermore, administration of the IL-1β receptor antagonist, anakinra, efficiently decreased nitric oxide production and vascular proliferation and restored peritoneal function in mouse models of peritonitis, even in mice treated with standard-of-care antibiotherapy. These data demonstrate that NLRP3 activation and IL-1β release have a critical role in solute transport defects and tissue remodeling during PD-related peritonitis. Blockade of the NLRP3/IL-1β axis offers a novel method for rescuing morphologic alterations and transport defects during acute peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hautem
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johann Morelle
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Amadou Sow
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - François Huaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; .,Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; and.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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173
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Quercetin Inhibits Inflammasome Activation by Interfering with ASC Oligomerization and Prevents Interleukin-1 Mediated Mouse Vasculitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41539. [PMID: 28148962 PMCID: PMC5288648 DOI: 10.1038/srep41539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a highly inflammatory cytokine that significantly contributes to both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The secretion of IL-1β requires a unique protease, caspase-1, which is activated by various protein platforms called inflammasomes. Data suggests a key role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species for inflammasome activation. Flavonoids constitute a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic molecules with many biological activities, including antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of three flavonoids, quercetin (QUC), naringenin, and silymarim on inflammasome activation. We found that QUC inhibits IL-1β secretion by both the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome in a dose dependent manner, but not the NLRC4 inflammasome. QUC inhibition of the inflammasome was still observed in Atg16l1 knockout macrophages, indicating that QUC’s effect was autophagy independent. Since QUC inhibited both NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes but not NLRC4, we assessed ASC speck formation. QUC reduced ASC speck formation and ASC oligomerization compared with controls. Additionally, QUC inhibited IL-1β in Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) macrophages, where NLRP3 inflammasome is constitutively activated. In conclusion, QUC inhibits both the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome by preventing ASC oligomerization and may be a potential therapeutic candidate for Kawasaki disease vasculitis and other IL-1 mediated inflammatory diseases.
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174
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Eteraf-Oskouei T, Akbarzadeh-Atashkhosrow A, Maghsudi M, Najafi M. Effects of salbutamol on the inflammatory parameters and angiogenesis in the rat air pouch model of inflammation. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:364-372. [PMID: 28974974 PMCID: PMC5615866 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.213981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, effects of salbutamol on the inflammatory parameters, angiogenesis, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were investigated in an air pouch model of inflammation. Inflammation was induced by intrapouch administration of 1% solution of sterile carrageenan in male Wistar rats. Salbutamol (125, 250 and 500 µg/rat) and salbutamol (500 µg/rat) plus propranolol (100 μg/rat) were injected intrapouch. After 6 and 72 h, fluid inside the pouches was collected to measure volume of exudates, leukocytes number and IL-1β levels. To determine angiogenesis, the granulation tissues were dissected out and weighed 3 days after carrageenan injection, then hemoglobin concentration was assessed using a hemoglobin assay kit. In addition, amount of VEGF in the exudates was measured 72 h after induction of inflammation. Leukocyte accumulation and the volume of exudates were significantly inhibited by salbutamol administration. In addition, salbutamol decreased the production of VEGF and IL-1β. Moreover, all used doses of salbutamol significantly inhibited angiogenesis. Interestingly, effects of salbutamol on the attenuation of angiogenesis and inflammatory parameters was similar to diclofenac sodium. Co-administration of propranolol with salbutamol clearly reversed anti-inflammatory effects of salbutamol. Salbutamol can decrease acute and chronic inflammation by β2-adrenergic receptors activation. The observed IL-1β and VEGF inhibitory properties of salbutamol may be responsible for anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effect of the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Eteraf-Oskouei
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Milad Maghsudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Moslem Najafi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
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175
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The Effect of Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein-3 and Lactoferrin on Endometrial Cytokine mRNA Expression After Breeding in the Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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176
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Biologics for Targeting Inflammatory Cytokines, Clinical Uses, and Limitations. Int J Cell Biol 2016; 2016:9259646. [PMID: 28083070 PMCID: PMC5204077 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9259646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are potent mediators of numerous biological processes and are tightly regulated in the body. Chronic uncontrolled levels of such cytokines can initiate and derive many pathologies, including incidences of autoimmunity and cancer. Therefore, therapies that regulate the activity of inflammatory cytokines, either by supplementation of anti-inflammatory recombinant cytokines or by neutralizing them by using blocking antibodies, have been extensively used over the past decades. Over the past few years, new innovative biological agents for blocking and regulating cytokine activities have emerged. Here, we review some of the most recent approaches of cytokine targeting, focusing on anti-TNF antibodies or recombinant TNF decoy receptor, recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and anti-IL-1 antibodies, anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies, and TH17 targeting antibodies. We discuss their effects as biologic drugs, as evaluated in numerous clinical trials, and highlight their therapeutic potential as well as emphasize their inherent limitations and clinical risks. We suggest that while systemic blocking of proinflammatory cytokines using biological agents can ameliorate disease pathogenesis and progression, it may also abrogate the hosts defense against infections. Moreover, we outline the rational need to develop new therapies, which block inflammatory cytokines only at sites of inflammation, while enabling their function systemically.
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177
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Touitou I, Milhavet F, Hentgen V, Koné-Paut I. How to favour efficient networking of teams working in the field of rare diseases? Experience of the CeRéMAI reference centre for auto-inflammatory diseases. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 84:125-128. [PMID: 27919670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Touitou
- Unité médicale des maladies autoinflammatoires, CeRéMAI, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Inserm U1183, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Université Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Florian Milhavet
- Unité médicale des maladies autoinflammatoires, CeRéMAI, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Inserm U1183, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Véronique Hentgen
- Service de pédiatrie, CeRéMAI, CH de Versailles, 78100 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Koné-Paut
- Service de rhumatologie pédiatrique, CeRéMAI, CHU de Bicêtre, University of Paris Sud France, AP-HP, 94270 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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178
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Cytokine signatures in hereditary fever syndromes (HFS). Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 33:19-34. [PMID: 27916611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary fever syndromes (HFS) include a group of disorders characterized by recurrent self-limited episodes of fever accompanied by inflammatory manifestations occurring in the absence of infection or autoimmune reaction. Advances in the genetics of HFS have led to the identification of new gene families and pathways involved in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity. The key role of several cytokine networks in the pathogenesis of HFS has been underlined by several groups, and supported by the rapid response of patients to targeted cytokine blocking therapies. This can be due to the direct effect of cytokine overproduction or to an absence of receptor antagonist resulting in dysbalance of downstream pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine networks. The aim of this study was to present an overview and to discuss the major concepts regarding the cellular and molecular immunology of HFS, with a particular focus on their specific cytokine signatures and physiopathological implications. Based on their molecular and cellular mechanisms, HFS have been classified into intrinsic and extrinsic IL-1β activation disorders or inflammasomopathies, and protein misfolding disorders. This review integrates all recent data in an updated classification of HFS.
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179
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Ambite I, Puthia M, Nagy K, Cafaro C, Nadeem A, Butler DSC, Rydström G, Filenko NA, Wullt B, Miethke T, Svanborg C. Molecular Basis of Acute Cystitis Reveals Susceptibility Genes and Immunotherapeutic Targets. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005848. [PMID: 27732661 PMCID: PMC5061333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage is usually regarded as a necessary price to pay for successful elimination of pathogens by the innate immune defense. Yet, it is possible to distinguish protective from destructive effects of innate immune activation and selectively attenuate molecular nodes that create pathology. Here, we identify acute cystitis as an Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-driven, hyper-inflammatory condition of the infected urinary bladder and IL-1 receptor blockade as a novel therapeutic strategy. Disease severity was controlled by the mechanism of IL-1β processing and mice with intact inflammasome function developed a moderate, self-limiting form of cystitis. The most severe form of acute cystitis was detected in mice lacking the inflammasome constituents ASC or NLRP-3. IL-1β processing was hyperactive in these mice, due to a new, non-canonical mechanism involving the matrix metalloproteinase 7- (MMP-7). ASC and NLRP-3 served as transcriptional repressors of MMP7 and as a result, Mmp7 was markedly overexpressed in the bladder epithelium of Asc-/- and Nlrp3-/- mice. The resulting IL-1β hyper-activation loop included a large number of IL-1β-dependent pro-inflammatory genes and the IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra inhibited their expression and rescued susceptible Asc-/- mice from bladder pathology. An MMP inhibitor had a similar therapeutic effect. Finally, elevated levels of IL-1β and MMP-7 were detected in patients with acute cystitis, suggesting a potential role as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets. The results reproduce important aspects of human acute cystitis in the murine model and provide a comprehensive molecular framework for the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of acute cystitis, one of the most common infections in man. Infections continue to threaten human health as pathogenic organisms outsmart available therapies with remarkable genetic versatility. Fortunately, microbial versatility is matched by the flexibility of the host immune system which provide a rich source of novel therapeutic concepts. Emerging therapeutic solutions include substances that strengthen the immune system rather than killing the bacteria directly. Selectivity is a concern, however, as boosting of the antibacterial immune response may cause collateral tissue damage. This study addresses how the host response to urinary bladder infection causes acute cystitis and how this response can be attenuated in patients who suffer from this very common condition. We identify the cytokine Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) as a key immune response determinant in acute cystitis and successfully treat mice with severe acute cystitis by inhibiting IL-1β or the enzyme MMP-7 that processes IL-1β to its active form. Finally, we detect elevated levels of these molecules in urine samples from patients with cystitis, suggesting clinical relevance and a potential role of IL-1β and MMP-7 both as therapeutic targets and as biomarkers of infection. These findings provide a much needed, molecular framework for the pathogenesis and treatment of acute cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ambite
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karoly Nagy
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caterina Cafaro
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aftab Nadeem
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel S. C. Butler
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gustav Rydström
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nina A. Filenko
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Wullt
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Miethke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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180
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da Silva WC, Oshiro TM, de Sá DC, Franco DDGS, Festa Neto C, Pontillo A. Genotyping and differential expression analysis of inflammasome genes in sporadic malignant melanoma reveal novel contribution of CARD8, IL1B and IL18 in melanoma susceptibility and progression. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:474-480. [PMID: 27810076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic melanoma malignancy is correlated with constitutive secretion of IL-1β in transformed melanocytes suggesting the involvement of inflammasome in melanoma. Common variants in inflammasome genes are known to affect IL-1β expression. To investigate the contribution of inflammasome genetics in melanoma development and progression and to identify a potential prognostic marker, the distribution of selected inflammasome SNPs was analysed in a Brazilian case/control cohort of sporadic malignant melanoma (SMM) and then the expression of inflammasome components was evaluated in melanoma biopsies. Allele and gene-specific Taqman assays were implied for genotyping of case/control DNA samples and for relative expression analysis in skin biopsies respectively. CARD8 rs6509365 was found to be significantly more common in healthy volunteers than in SMM patients suggesting a protection effect of this variant towards melanoma development. Accordingly, CARD8 expression was found to be reduced in nevus compared to melanoma biopsies. Upon stratification, NLRP1 rs11651270 and CARD8 rs2043211 were found associated with nodular melanoma; IL1B rs1143643 to a lower value of Breslow index; IL18 rs5744256 to melanoma development in sun sensitive individuals. As expected, IL1B expression was up-regulated in tumour biopsies especially in metastatic samples, whereas IL18 was down-regulated compared to nevus. Our results demonstrated for the first time the contribution of inflammasome genes CARD8, IL1B and IL18 in SMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Cardoso da Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiences-LIM 56, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Prédio 2-3° andar, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Telma Miyuki Oshiro
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiences-LIM 56, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Prédio 2-3° andar, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Coelho de Sá
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 05403-000 Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dilcilea D G S Franco
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 05403-000 Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyro Festa Neto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 05403-000 Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, 05508-000 Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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181
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Insights from Mendelian Interferonopathies: Comparison of CANDLE, SAVI with AGS, Monogenic Lupus. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:1111-1127. [PMID: 27678529 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory disorders are sterile inflammatory conditions characterized by episodes of early-onset fever and disease-specific patterns of organ inflammation. Recently, the discoveries of monogenic disorders with strong type I interferon (IFN) signatures caused by mutations in proteasome degradation and cytoplasmic RNA and DNA sensing pathways suggest a pathogenic role of IFNs in causing autoinflammatory phenotypes. The IFN response gene signature (IGS) has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. In this review, we compare the clinical presentations and pathogenesis of two IFN-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, CANDLE and SAVI, with Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS) and monogenic forms of SLE (monoSLE) caused by loss-of-function mutations in complement 1 (C1q) or the DNA nucleases, DNASE1 and DNASE1L3. We outline differences in intracellular signaling pathways that fuel a pathologic type I IFN amplification cycle. While IFN amplification is caused by predominantly innate immune cell dysfunction in SAVI, CANDLE, and AGS, autoantibodies to modified RNA and DNA antigens interact with tissues and immune cells including neutrophils and contribute to IFN upregulation in some SLE patients including monoSLE, thus justifying a grouping of "autoinflammatory" and "autoimmune" interferonopathies. Understanding of the differences in the cellular sources and signaling pathways will guide new drug development and the use of emerging targeted therapies.
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182
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Pathak S, McDermott MF, Savic S. Autoinflammatory diseases: update on classification diagnosis and management. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:1-8. [PMID: 27646526 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The spectrum of systemic autoinflammatory disorders broadens continually. In part, this is due to the more widespread application of massive parallel sequencing, helping with novel gene discovery in this and other areas of rare diseases. Some of the conditions that have been described fit neatly into a conventional idea of autoinflammation. Others, such as interferon-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, are broadening the concept which we consider to be autoinflammatory disorders. There is also a widening of the clinical phenotypes associated with certain genetic mutations, as genetic testing is used more regularly and increasing numbers of patients are screened. It is also increasingly evident that both autoinflammatory and autoimmune problems are frequently seen as complications of primary immunodeficiency disorders. The aim of this review is to provide an update on some recently discovered conditions and to discuss how these disorders help to define the concept of autoinflammation. The review will also cover recent discoveries in the biology of innate-immune-mediated inflammation and describe how this has provided the biological rationale for using anti-interleukin-1 therapies in the treatment of many such conditions. Finally, we discuss the importance of recognising somatic mutations as causes of autoinflammatory clinical phenotypes and provide practical advice on how this could be tackled in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Pathak
- National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael F McDermott
- National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sinisa Savic
- National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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183
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184
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Marzano AV, Borghi A, Meroni PL, Cugno M. Pyoderma gangrenosum and its syndromic forms: evidence for a link with autoinflammation. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:882-891. [PMID: 27106250 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare inflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis manifesting as painful ulcers with violaceous, undermined borders on the lower extremities. It may occur in the context of classic syndromes like PAPA (pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne) and SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis), as well as in a recently described entity named PASH (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne and suppurative hidradenitis). Pyoderma gangrenosum has recently been included within the spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases, which are characterized by recurrent episodes of sterile inflammation, without circulating autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells. In PAPA syndrome, different mutations involving the PSTPIP1 gene, via an increased binding affinity to pyrin, induce the assembly of inflammasomes. These are molecular platforms involved in the activation of caspase 1, a protease that cleaves inactive prointerleukin (pro-IL)-1β to its active isoform IL-1β. The overproduction of IL-1β triggers the release of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are responsible for the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, leading to neutrophil-mediated inflammation. In SAPHO syndrome, the activation of the PSTPIP2 inflammasome has been suggested to play a role in inducing the dysfunction of the innate immune system. Patients with PASH have recently been reported to present alterations of genes involved in well-known autoinflammatory diseases, such as PSTPIP1, MEFV, NOD2 and NLRP3. Pyoderma gangrenosum and its syndromic forms can be regarded as a single clinicopathological spectrum in the context of autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Marzano
- Unità Operativa di Dermatologia, IRCCS Fondazione Cá Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Borghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Dermatologia e Malattie Infettive, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P L Meroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Cattedra di Reumatologia, Istituto G. Pini, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Cugno
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Sezione di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS Fondazione Cá Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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185
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Multifaceted Functions of NOD-Like Receptor Proteins in Myeloid Cells at the Intersection of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4. [DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0021-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins, as much as Toll-like receptor proteins, play a major role in modulating myeloid cells in their immune functions. There is still, however, limited knowledge on the expression and function of several of the mammalian NLR proteins in myeloid lineages. Still, the function of pyrin domain-containing NLR proteins and NLRC4/NAIP as inflammasome components that drive interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 maturation and secretion upon pathogen stimulation is well established. NOD1, NOD2, NLRP3, and NLRC4/NAIP act as bona fide pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) but also react to endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Ultimately, activation of these receptors achieves macrophage activation and maturation of dendritic cells to drive antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Upon infection, sensing of invading pathogens and likely of DAMPs that are released in response to tissue injury is a process that involves multiple PRRs in both myeloid and epithelial cells, and these act in concert to design tailored, pathogen-adapted immune responses by induction of different cytokine profiles, giving rise to appropriate lymphocyte polarization.
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186
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Liu X, Jiao Y, Cao Y, Deng N, Ma Y, Hasty KA, Kang A, Chen H, Stuart JM, Gu W. Decreased expression levels of Ifi genes is associated to the increased resistance to spontaneous arthritis disease in mice deficiency of IL-1RA. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:25. [PMID: 27480124 PMCID: PMC4970213 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mouse strain BALB/c deficient in IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (Il-1ra) develops spontaneous arthritis disease (SAD) while the strain DBA/1 IL1rn-/- with the same deficiency does not. Previously, we mapped a QTL on chromosome 1 for SAD and then developed a congenic mouse strain BALB.D1-1-/- that contains the QTL genomic fragment associated with resistance from DBA/1-/- on a BALB/c-/- background. The congenic strain was relatively resistant to spontaneous arthritis and had delayed onset and reduced severity of disease. We obtained whole genome expression profiles from the spleen of the congenic strain BALB.D1-1-/- and four other strains, the wild type BALB/c, DBA/1 and the deficient DBA/1 IL1rn-/- and the BALB/c IL1rn-/-. We then compared the similarities and differences between the congenic strain and the four parental strains. Here we report the selected potential causal genes based on differential expression levels as well as function of genes. Results There is a considerable number of genes that are differentially expressed between the congenic strain and the three parental strains, BALB/c, DBA/1, and DBA/1-/-. However there only a few differentially expressed genes were identified by comparing the congenic strain and the BALB/c-/-strain. These differentially expressed genes are mainly from T-cell receptor beta chain (Tcrb) and interferon-activatable protein (Ifi) genes. These genes are also differentially expressed between congenic strain and BALB/c strains. However, their expression levels in the congenic strain are similar to that in DBA/1 and DBA/1-/-. The expression level of Tcrb-j gene is positively associated with two genes of Ifi gene 200 cluster. Conclusions Decreased expression levels of Ifi genes is associated to the increased resistance to spontaneous arthritis disease and with down regulation of expressions of Tcrb genes in the mouse congenic strain. Ifi genes may play an important role in the susceptibility to SAD in mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-016-0163-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, HeilongJiang, 157001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Yan Jiao
- Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, HeilongJiang, 157001, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Institute of Kaschin-beck Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiologic Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618104), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Yonghui Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Karen A Hasty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA
| | - Andrew Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Center of integrative research, The first Hospital of Qiqihaer City, 30 Gongyuan Road, Longsha District, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, 161005, People's Republic of China
| | - John M Stuart
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA.
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Abstract
There is still debate on whether high uric acid increases bone mineral density (BMD) against osteoporotic fracture or bone resorption caused by gout inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate whether gout offers a protective effect on bone health or not. We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between gout history and risk factors of fracture.A retrospective cohort study was designed using the claim data from Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID). A total of 43,647 subjects with gout and a cohort of 87,294 comparison subjects without gout were matched in terms of age and sex between 2001 and 2009, and the data were followed until December 31, 2011. The primary outcome of the study was the fracture incidence, and the impacts of gout on fracture risks were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.After an 11-year follow-up period, 6992 and 11,412 incidents of fracture were reported in gout and comparison cohorts, respectively. The overall incidence rate of fracture in individuals with gout was nearly 23%, which was higher than that in individuals without gout (252 vs 205 per 10,000 person-years) at an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.17 (95% confidence interval = 1.14-1.21). Age, sex, and fracture-associated comorbidities were adjusted accordingly. As for fracture locations, patients with gout were found at significant higher fracture risks for upper/lower limbs and spine fractures. In gout patient, the user of allopurinol or benzbromarone has significantly lower risk of facture than nonusers.Gout history is considered as a risk factor for fractures, particularly in female individuals and fracture sites located at the spine or upper/lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Che-Chen Lin
- Healthcare Service Research Center (HSRC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Division of Nephrology
| | - Po-Hao Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Division of Rheumatology
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine
- School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Chun-Hao Tsai, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, #91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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189
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Ermer T, Eckardt KU, Aronson PS, Knauf F. Oxalate, inflammasome, and progression of kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016; 25:363-71. [PMID: 27191349 PMCID: PMC4891250 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oxalate is an end product of metabolism excreted via the kidney. Excess urinary oxalate, whether from primary or enteric hyperoxaluria, can lead to oxalate deposition in the kidney. Oxalate crystals are associated with renal inflammation, fibrosis, and progressive renal failure. It has long been known that as the glomerular filtration rate becomes reduced in chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is striking elevation of plasma oxalate. Taken together, these findings raise the possibility that elevation of plasma oxalate in CKD may promote renal inflammation and more rapid progression of CKD independent of primary cause. RECENT FINDINGS The inflammasome has recently been identified to play a critical role in oxalate-induced renal inflammation. Oxalate crystals have been shown to activate the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (also known as NALP3, NLRP3, or cryopyrin), resulting in release of IL-1β and macrophage infiltration. Deletion of inflammasome proteins in mice protects from oxalate-induced renal inflammation and progressive renal failure. SUMMARY The findings reviewed in this article expand our understanding of the relevance of elevated plasma oxalate levels leading to inflammasome activation. We propose that inhibiting oxalate-induced inflammasome activation, or lowering plasma oxalate, may prevent or mitigate progressive renal damage in CKD, and warrants clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ermer
- Department of Nephrology und Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology und Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S. Aronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology und Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
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190
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Ali NS, Sartori-Valinotti JC, Bruce AJ. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Clin Dermatol 2016; 34:482-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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191
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Abstract
HLA-B27 associated disorders comprise a group of inflammatory conditions which have in common an association with the HLA class I molecule, HLA-B27. Given this association, these diseases are classically considered disorders of adaptive immunity. However, mounting data are challenging this assumption and confirming that innate immunity plays a more prominent role in pathogenesis than previously suspected. In this review, the concept of autoinflammation is discussed and evidence is presented from human and animal models to support a key role for innate immunity in HLA-B27 associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin H Sibley
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA
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192
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Zhang Y, Li X, Grailer JJ, Wang N, Wang M, Yao J, Zhong R, Gao GF, Ward PA, Tan DX, Li X. Melatonin alleviates acute lung injury through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:405-14. [PMID: 26888116 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are clinically severe respiratory disorders, and there are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved drug therapies. Melatonin is a well-known anti-inflammatory molecule, which has proven to be effective in ALI induced by many conditions. Emerging studies suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role during ALI. How melatonin directly blocks activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ALI remains unclear. In this study, using an LPS-induced ALI mouse model, we found intratracheal (i.t.) administration of melatonin markedly reduced the pulmonary injury and decreased the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into lung. During ALI, the NLRP3 inflammasome is significantly activated with a large amount of IL-1β and the activated caspase-1 occurring in the lung. Melatonin inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by both suppressing the release of extracellular histones and directly blocking histone-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, i.t. route of melatonin administration opens a more efficient therapeutic approach for treating ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 301th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jamison J Grailer
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Peter A Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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193
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Broderick L. Recurrent Fevers for the Pediatric Immunologist: It's Not All Immunodeficiency. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26707379 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are disorders of the innate immune system, characterized by systemic inflammation independent of infection and autoreactive antibodies or antigen-specific T cells. Similar to immunodeficiencies, these immune dysregulatory diseases have unique presentations, genetics, and available therapies. Given the presentation of fevers, rashes, and mucosal symptoms in many of the disorders, the allergist/immunologist is the appropriate medical home for these patients: to appropriately rule out immunodeficiencies, evaluate for allergic disease, and diagnose and treat recurrent fever disorders. However, many practicing physicians are unfamiliar with the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of autoinflammatory disorders. This review will focus on understanding the signs and symptoms of classic autoinflammatory disorders, introduce newly described monogenic and polygenic disorders, and address the approach to the patient with recurrent fevers to distinguish autoinflammation from immunodeficiency and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Broderick
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0760, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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194
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de Jesus AA, Goldbach-Mansky R. Genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases. Oral Dis 2016; 22:591-604. [PMID: 26837051 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are hyperinflammatory, immune dysregulatory conditions that typically present in early childhood with fever and rashes and disease-specific patterns of organ inflammation. This review provides a historic background of autoinflammatory disease research, an overview of the currently genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases, and insights into treatment strategies derived from understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The integrative assessment of autoinflammatory conditions led to the identification of innate pro-inflammatory cytokine 'amplification loops' as the cause of the systemic and organ-specific disease manifestations, which initially centered around increased IL-1 production and signaling. More recently, additional innate pro-inflammatory cytokine amplification loops resulting in increased Type I IFN, IL-17, IL-18, or IL-36 signaling or production have led to the successful use of targeted therapies in some of these conditions. Clinical findings such as fever patterns, type of skin lesions, genetic mutation testing, and the prevalent cytokine abnormalities can be used to group autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A de Jesus
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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195
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Noster R, de Koning HD, Maier E, Prelog M, Lainka E, Zielinski CE. Dysregulation of proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory human T H17 cell functionalities in the autoinflammatory Schnitzler syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1161-1169.e6. [PMID: 27040374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TH17 cells have so far been considered to be crucial mediators of autoimmune inflammation. Two distinct types of TH17 cells have been described recently, which differed in their polarization requirement for IL-1β and in their cytokine repertoire. Whether these distinct TH17 phenotypes translate into distinct TH17 cell functions with implications for human health or disease has not been addressed yet. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized the existence of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory human TH17 cell functions based on the differential expression of IL-10, which is regulated by IL-1β. Considering the crucial role of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory syndromes, we hypothesized that IL-1β mediates the loss of anti-inflammatory TH17 cell functionalities in patients with Schnitzler syndrome, an autoinflammatory disease. METHODS To assess proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory TH17 cell functions, we performed suppression assays and tested the effects of IL-1β dependent and independent TH17 subsets on modulating proinflammatory cytokine secretion by monocytes. Patients with Schnitzler syndrome were analyzed for changes in TH17 cell functions before and during therapy with IL-1β-blocking drugs. RESULTS Both TH17 cell subsets differ in their ability to suppress T-cell proliferation and their ability to modulate proinflammatory cytokine production by antigen-presenting cells because of their differential IL-10 expression properties. In patients with Schnitzler syndrome, systemic overproduction of IL-1β translates into a profound loss of anti-inflammatory TH17 cell functionalities, which can be reversed by anti-IL-1β treatment. CONCLUSION IL-1β signaling determines the differential expression pattern of IL-10, which is necessary and sufficient to induce proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory TH17 cell functions. Our data introduce TH17 cell subsets as novel players in autoinflammation and thus novel therapeutic targets in autoinflammatory syndromes including other IL-1β mediated diseases. This demonstrates for the first time alterations in the adaptive immune system in patients with autoinflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Noster
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heleen D de Koning
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Nijmegen Center for Immunodeficiency and Autoinflammation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Maier
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzberg, Germany
| | - Elke Lainka
- Pediatric Rheumatology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina E Zielinski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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196
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Feng B, Tang Y, Chen B, Xu C, Wang Y, Dai Y, Wu D, Zhu J, Wang S, Zhou Y, Shi L, Hu W, Zhang X, Chen Z. Transient increase of interleukin-1β after prolonged febrile seizures promotes adult epileptogenesis through long-lasting upregulating endocannabinoid signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21931. [PMID: 26902320 PMCID: PMC4763292 DOI: 10.1038/srep21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear how infantile febrile seizures (FS) enhance adult seizure susceptibility. Here we showed that the transient increase of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) after prolonged FS promoted adult seizure susceptibility, which was blocked by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) within a critical time window. Postnatal administered IL-1β alone mimicked the effect of FS on adult seizure susceptibility. IL-1R1 knockout mice were not susceptible to adult seizure after prolonged FS or IL-1β treatment. Prolonged FS or early-life IL-1β treatment increased the expression of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) for over 50 days, which was blocked by IL-1Ra or was absent in IL-1R1 knockout mice. CB1R antagonist, knockdown and endocannabinoid synthesis inhibitor abolished FS or IL-1β-enhanced seizure susceptibility. Thus, this work identifies a pathogenic role of postnatal IL-1β/IL-1R1 pathway and subsequent prolonged prominent increase of endocannabinoid signaling in adult seizure susceptibility following prolonged FS, and highlights IL-1R1 as a potential therapeutic target for preventing the development of epilepsy after infantile FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China
| | - Yangshun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China
| | - Cenglin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China
| | - Yunjian Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China
| | - Dengchang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China.,Department of Neurology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Junmin Zhu
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yudong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, China.,Department of Neurology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, China.,Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
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197
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Iida S, Tsuda H, Tanaka T, Kish DD, Abe T, Su CA, Abe R, Tanabe K, Valujskikh A, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL. IL-1 Receptor Signaling on Graft Parenchymal Cells Regulates Memory and De Novo Donor-Reactive CD8 T Cell Responses to Cardiac Allografts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2827-37. [PMID: 26856697 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion of organ allografts induces a potent inflammatory response that directs rapid memory T cell, neutrophil, and macrophage graft infiltration and their activation to express functions mediating graft tissue injury. The role of cardiac allograft IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling in this early inflammation and the downstream primary alloimmune response was investigated. When compared with complete MHC-mismatched wild-type cardiac allografts, IL-1R(-/-) allografts had marked decreases in endogenous memory CD8 T cell and neutrophil infiltration and expression of proinflammatory mediators at early times after transplant, whereas endogenous memory CD4 T cell and macrophage infiltration was not decreased. IL-1R(-/-) allograft recipients also had marked decreases in de novo donor-reactive CD8, but not CD4, T cell development to IFN-γ-producing cells. CD8 T cell-mediated rejection of IL-1R(-/-) cardiac allografts took 3 wk longer than wild-type allografts. Cardiac allografts from reciprocal bone marrow reconstituted IL-1R(-/-)/wild-type chimeric donors indicated that IL-1R signaling on graft nonhematopoietic-derived, but not bone marrow-derived, cells is required for the potent donor-reactive memory and primary CD8 T cell alloimmune responses observed in response to wild-type allografts. These studies implicate IL-1R-mediated signals by allograft parenchymal cells in generating the stimuli-provoking development and elicitation of optimal alloimmune responses to the grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Iida
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Danielle D Kish
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Toyofumi Abe
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Charles A Su
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Ryo Abe
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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198
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Luksch H, Winkler S, Heymann MC, Schulze F, Hofmann SR, Roesler J, Rösen-Wolff A. Current knowledge on procaspase-1 variants with reduced or abrogated enzymatic activity in autoinflammatory disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016; 17:45. [PMID: 26003867 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-015-0520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-1 is a proinflammatory enzyme that is essential in many inflammatory conditions including infectious, autoimmune, and autoinflammatory disorders. The inflammation is mainly mediated by the generation of inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and subsequently interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In addition, homotypic CARD/CARD interaction of procaspase-1 with RIP2 and thereby activation of the NF-κB pathways may play some role in the inflammation. However, normally, this pathway seems to become downregulated rapidly by the cleavage and excretion of RIP2 by active (pro-)caspase-1. In patients with unexplained recurrent systemic inflammation, CASP1 variants were detected, which often destabilized the caspase-1 dimer interface. Obviously, the resulting decreased or abrogated enzymatic activity and IL-1β production did not prevent the febrile episodes. As an unexpected finding, the inactive procaspase-1 variants significantly enhanced proinflammatory signaling by increasing RIP2 mediated NF-κB activation in an in vitro cell transfection model. A likely reason is the failure of inactive procaspase-1 to cleave bound RIP2 and also to mediate its excretion out of the intracelluar space thereby keeping the RIP2-NF-κB pathway upregulated. Hence, proinflammatory effects of enzymatically inactive procaspase-1 variants may partially explain the inflammatory episodes of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Luksch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 03107, Dresden, Germany,
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199
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Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are pattern-recognition receptors similar to toll-like receptors (TLRs). While TLRs are transmembrane receptors, NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors that play a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Based on their N-terminal domain, NLRs are divided into four subfamilies: NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, and NLRP. NLRs can also be divided into four broad functional categories: inflammasome assembly, signaling transduction, transcription activation, and autophagy. In addition to recognizing PAMPs and DAMPs, NLRs act as a key regulator of apoptosis and early development. Therefore, there are significant associations between NLRs and various diseases related to infection and immunity. NLR studies have recently begun to unveil the roles of NLRs in diseases such as gout, cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndromes, and Crohn's disease. As these new associations between NRLs and diseases may improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to new approaches for the prevention and treatment of such diseases, NLRs are becoming increasingly relevant to clinicians. In this review, we provide a concise overview of NLRs and their role in infection, immunity, and disease, particularly from clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jeon Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon H Nahm
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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200
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Zhou Q, Wang H, Schwartz DM, Stoffels M, Park YH, Zhang Y, Yang D, Demirkaya E, Takeuchi M, Tsai WL, Lyons JJ, Yu X, Ouyang C, Chen C, Chin DT, Zaal K, Chandrasekharappa SC, Hanson EP, Yu Z, Mullikin JC, Hasni SA, Wertz IE, Ombrello AK, Stone DL, Hoffmann P, Jones A, Barham BK, Leavis HL, van Royen-Kerkof A, Sibley C, Batu ED, Gül A, Siegel RM, Boehm M, Milner JD, Ozen S, Gadina M, Chae J, Laxer RM, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Loss-of-function mutations in TNFAIP3 leading to A20 haploinsufficiency cause an early-onset autoinflammatory disease. Nat Genet 2016. [PMID: 26642243 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3459)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are driven by abnormal activation of innate immunity. Herein we describe a new disease caused by high-penetrance heterozygous germline mutations in TNFAIP3, which encodes the NF-κB regulatory protein A20, in six unrelated families with early-onset systemic inflammation. The disorder resembles Behçet's disease, which is typically considered a polygenic disorder with onset in early adulthood. A20 is a potent inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mutant, truncated A20 proteins are likely to act through haploinsufficiency because they do not exert a dominant-negative effect in overexpression experiments. Patient-derived cells show increased degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit together with increased expression of NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory cytokines. A20 restricts NF-κB signals via its deubiquitinase activity. In cells expressing mutant A20 protein, there is defective removal of Lys63-linked ubiquitin from TRAF6, NEMO and RIP1 after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines are potential therapeutic targets for the patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongying Wang
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Monique Stoffels
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erkan Demirkaya
- FMF Arthritis Vasculitis and Orphan Disease Research Center (FAVOR), Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wanxia Li Tsai
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Ouyang
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Celeste Chen
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David T Chin
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristien Zaal
- Light Imaging Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric P Hanson
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Mullikin
- National Institute of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarfaraz A Hasni
- Systemic Autoimmune Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Stone
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrycja Hoffmann
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Jones
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly K Barham
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annet van Royen-Kerkof
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cailin Sibley
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ezgi D Batu
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - JaeJin Chae
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald M Laxer
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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