151
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Cubides JC, Jorgensen N, Peiter PC. Time, space and health: using the life history calendar methodology applied to mobility in a medical-humanitarian organisation. Glob Health Action 2022; 15:2128281. [PMID: 36200482 PMCID: PMC9553165 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2128281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the medical humanitarian context, the challenging task of collecting health information from people on the move constitutes a key element to identifying critical health care needs and gaps. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), during its long history of working with migrants, refugees and mobile populations in different contexts, has acknowledged how crucial it is to generate detailed context-related data on migrant and refugee populations in order to adapt the response interventions to their needs and circumstances. In 2019, the Brazilian Medical Unit/MSF developed the Migration History Tool (MHT), an application based on the life history method which was created in close dialogue with field teams in order to respond to information needs emerging from medical operations in mobile populations. The tool was piloted in two different contexts: firstly, among mobile populations transiting and living in Beitbridge and Musina, at the Zimbabwe-South Africa border; and, secondly, among Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Colombia. This article describes the implementation of this innovative method for collecting quantitative retrospective data on mobility and health in the context of two humanitarian interventions. The results have proven the flexibility of the methodology, which generated detailed information on mobility trajectories and on the temporalities of migration in two different contexts. It also revealed how health outcomes are not only associated with the spatial dimensions of movement, but also with the temporalities of mobility trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Cubides
- Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Program, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brazilian Medical Unit (BRAMU), Doctors Without Borders (MSF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nuni Jorgensen
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paulo Cesar Peiter
- Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Program, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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152
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Al-Adhami M, Berglund E, Wångdahl J, Salari R. A cross-sectional study of health and well-being among newly settled refugee migrants in Sweden-The role of health literacy, social support and self-efficacy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279397. [PMID: 36534679 PMCID: PMC9762600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural barriers such as inadequate housing, lack of employment opportunities, and discrimination are known to adversely affect the health of newly settled refugee migrants. However, these barriers remain largely unresolved and unaddressed. Thus, there is a need to better understand how other factors, such as individual-level health resources, may influence health and mitigate ill health in the early post-migration phase. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between health outcomes and individual health resources including health literacy, social support, and self-efficacy in newly settled refugee migrants. Survey data was collected from 787 refugee migrants in Sweden. Logistical regression analysis showed that limited health literacy, lack of emotional support, and low self-efficacy were consistently associated with poor health outcomes. Demographic variables such as gender, education, and type of residence permit were not as imperative. Individual-level health resources may play an important role in the general and psychological well-being of newly settled migrants. Promoting health literacy and facilitating the attainment of social support may buffer for structural challenges in the establishment phase and enhance the prospects of later health and social integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa Al-Adhami
- Research and Learning for Sustainable Development and Global Health (SWEDESD) Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Erik Berglund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Wångdahl
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raziye Salari
- Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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153
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Crawford G, Connor E, McCausland K, Reeves K, Blackford K. Public Health Interventions to Address Housing and Mental Health amongst Migrants from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds Living in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16946. [PMID: 36554827 PMCID: PMC9778908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds experience factors that may increase health inequities related to a range of determinants of health including housing and mental health. However, the intersection between mental health and housing for migrants is poorly understood. A scoping review searched four academic databases for concepts related to cultural and linguistic diversity, housing conditions, and public health interventions to address homelessness. A total of 49 articles were included and seven key themes identified: housing provision; mental health intersections and interventions; complexity and needs beyond housing; substance use; service provider and policy issues; the role of cultural and linguistic diversity; and consumer experience. The intersection of ethnicity with other social determinants of health and housing was highlighted though there were limited interventions tailored for migrants. Studies generally pointed to the positive impacts of Housing First. Other sub-themes emerged: social connection and community; shame, stigma, and discrimination; health and support requirements; and employment, financial assistance, and income. Consumer choice was identified as vital, along with the need for systemic anti-racism work and interventions. To support secure housing for migrants and mitigate mental health impacts, closer attention is required towards migration factors along with broader, tailored services complementing housing provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Connor
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Kahlia McCausland
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Karina Reeves
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Krysten Blackford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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154
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Vu M, Besera G, Ta D, Escoffery C, Kandula NR, Srivanjarean Y, Burks AJ, Dimacali D, Rizal P, Alay P, Htun C, Hall KS. System-level factors influencing refugee women's access and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services: A qualitative study of providers' perspectives. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:1048700. [PMID: 36589147 PMCID: PMC9794861 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.1048700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Refugee women have poor outcomes and low utilization of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, which may be driven by access to and quality of SRH services at their resettled destinations. While healthcare providers offer valuable insights into these topics, little research has explored United States (U.S.) providers' experiences. To fill this literature gap, we investigate U.S. providers' perspectives of healthcare system-related factors influencing refugee women's access and utilization of SRH services. Between July and December 2019, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 17 providers serving refugee women in metropolitan Atlanta in the state of Georgia (United States). We used convenience and snowball sampling for recruitment. We inquired about system-related resources, facilitators, and barriers influencing SRH services access and utilization. Two coders analyzed the data using a qualitative thematic approach. We found that transportation availability was crucial to refugee women's SRH services access. Providers noted a tension between refugee women's preferred usage of informal interpretation assistance (e.g., family and friends) and healthcare providers' desire for more formal interpretation services. Providers reported a lack of funding and human resources to offer comprehensive SRH services as well as several challenges with using a referral system for women to get SRH care in other systems. Culturally and linguistically-concordant patient navigators were successful at helping refugee women navigate the healthcare system and addressing language barriers. We discussed implications for future research and practice to improve refugee women's SRH care access and utilization. In particular, our findings underscore multilevel constraints of clinics providing SRH care to refugee women and highlight the importance of transportation services and acceptable interpretation services. While understudied, the use of patient navigators holds potential for increasing refugee women's SRH care access and utilization. Patient navigation can both effectively address language-related challenges for refugee women and help them navigate the healthcare system for SRH. Future research should explore organizational and external factors that can facilitate or hinder the implementation of patient navigators for refugee women's SRH care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkie Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ghenet Besera
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Danny Ta
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cam Escoffery
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Namratha R. Kandula
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Amanda J. Burks
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory University Physician Assistant Program, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Danielle Dimacali
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pabitra Rizal
- Center for Pan Asian Community Services, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Puspa Alay
- Center for Pan Asian Community Services, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cho Htun
- Center for Pan Asian Community Services, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kelli S. Hall
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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155
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Nguyen JP, Hoang D, Zhou K, Harvey DJ, Dam Q, Meyer OL. Associations between caregiving status, acculturation, and psychological distress in a diverse sample. Int Psychogeriatr 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36468427 PMCID: PMC10239787 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasingly diverse caregiver populations have prompted studies examining culture and caregiver outcomes. Still, little is known about the influence of sociocultural factors and how they interact with caregiving context variables to influence psychological health. We explored the role of caregiving and acculturation factors on psychological distress among a diverse sample of adults. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). PARTICIPANTS The 2009 CHIS surveyed 47,613 adults representative of the population of California. This study included Latino and Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) caregivers and non-caregivers (n = 13,161). MEASUREMENTS Multivariate weighted regression analyses examined caregiver status and acculturation variables (generational status, language of interview, and English language proficiency) and their associations with psychological distress (Kessler-6 scale). Covariates included caregiving context (e.g., support and neighborhood factors) and demographic variables. RESULTS First generation caregivers had more distress than first-generation non-caregivers (β=0.92, 95% CI: (0.18, 1.65)); the difference in distress between caregivers and non-caregivers was smaller in the third than first generation (β=-1.21, 95% CI: (-2.24, -0.17)). Among those who did not interview in English (β=1.17, 95% CI: (0.13, 2.22)) and with low English proficiency (β=2.60, 95% CI: (1.21, 3.98)), caregivers reported more distress than non-caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Non-caregivers exhibited the "healthy immigrant effect," where less acculturated individuals reported less distress. In contrast, caregivers who were less acculturated reported more distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P. Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Diane Hoang
- Foresight Mental Health, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Kieran Zhou
- Shanghai Unionlab Co., Ltd. Shanghai, CN, USA
| | - Danielle J. Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - QuynhAnh Dam
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Oanh L. Meyer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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156
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Wang W, Cao Y. Network Diversity and Health Change among International Migrants in China: Evidence from Foreigners in Changchun. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16227. [PMID: 36498304 PMCID: PMC9738097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Is the migration process likely to lead to sustained changes in individual social networks and health status? There are many controversies about the relationship between migrants' networks and migrants' health. An important reason may be that the constraints of specific social contexts on immigrant networks and health consequences are neglected. This study distinguished two types of social networks of international immigrants to China-their Chinese networks (Chinese-Net) and home-country networks (Motherland-Net). In addition, the study investigated the construction basis of immigrant social networks and health effects based on the Chinese context. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2019. The survey was carried out by an on-site questionnaire survey of foreigners in China in the entry-exit hall of the National Immigration Administration. The survey asked foreigners about their immigration experience, labor and employment, social networks, and access to health care. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Immigrants from more developed countries are more likely to succeed in establishing Chinese-Net and reduce the dependence on Motherland-Net. The Japanese and South Korean immigrants tended to be associated with their home-country compatriots, excluding the Chinese from social contacts and immigration networks. The mixed residence of non-home-country immigrants reduces both the Motherland-Net and Chinese-Net of international immigrants. From the perspective of the health effect, the establishment and expansion of Chinese-Net did not present the "bright side" of encouraging immigrants to reach a better health status. In contrast, Motherland-Net has a stronger explanatory power for the health changes in immigrants.
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157
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Darney BG, Boniface E, Jacobson LE, Fuentes-Rivera E, Saavedra-Avendaño B, Coleman-Minahan K, Riosmena F. Adolescent Reproductive Health Outcomes Among Mexican-Origin Women on Both Sides of the U.S.-Mexico Border. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:679-687. [PMID: 35985916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Much reproductive health research on the Latina population overlooks heterogeneity by national origin, nativity, and age and also ignores how U.S.-based populations differ from those in "sending" nations. The purpose of this study is to describe a history of adolescent birth, age at first sex, and contraceptive use at first sex in the Mexican-origin population in both the United States and Mexico. METHODS We developed a binational dataset merging two comparable nationally representative cross-sectional surveys in the United States and Mexico and used covariate balancing propensity scores to balance the age structure of our four samples: U.S.-born Latinas of Mexican origin, foreign-born Latinas of Mexican origin, U.S.-born non-Latina Whites, and Mexican women residing in Mexico. We used a negative binomial regression and calculated the predicted probability of experiencing at least one adolescent birth for each ethnicity/nativity group, stratified by 5-year age group. We also described age and contraceptive use at first sex. RESULTS Foreign-born Latinas of Mexican origin and Mexicans in Mexico had similar adjusted probabilities of reporting an adolescent birth (30.1% and 29.9%, respectively), which were higher than those of Mexican-Americans (26.2%) and U.S.-born non-Latina Whites (11.6%). History of an adolescent birth is declining across all four groups among younger ages. Differences do not appear to be driven by the timing of first sex but by contraceptive use, which is increasing among younger age groups. DISCUSSION Access to and use of effective contraception rather than timing of initiation of sexual activity is a key determinant of U.S. Latina and Mexican adolescent births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair G Darney
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Portland, Oregon; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon; Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica (INSP), Center for Population Health Research (CISP), Cuernavaca, Mexico; Health Research Consortium (CISIDAT), Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Emily Boniface
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Portland, Oregon
| | - Laura E Jacobson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Portland, Oregon; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - Kate Coleman-Minahan
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado; CU Population Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Fernando Riosmena
- CU Population Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; Population Program and Geography Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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158
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Barajas-Gonzalez RG, Linares Torres H, Urcuyo A, Salamanca E, Kourousias L. Racialization, discrimination, and depression: A mixed-method study of the impact of an anti-immigrant climate on Latina immigrant mothers and their children. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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159
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Piñones-Rivera C, Liberona N, Henríquez WM, Holmes SM. Ideological assumptions of Chile's international migrant healthcare policy: A critical discourse analysis. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:3353-3367. [PMID: 35951732 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current historical moment of rewriting the Chilean Constitution, there are new hopes for producing a different socio-legal, political-economic and public health order. The Chilean case holds important implications for global health practitioners, researchers and policy-makers because it clearly shows both the impacts of neoliberal processes on a worldwide scale and neoliberal policy responses. This article contributes to the field of global health policy critical analysis by offering scrutiny of Chile's international migrant healthcare policy from the perspective of its ideological assumptions. We apply Fairclough's analytical perspective to the Chilean migrant healthcare policy, identifying its components, argumentative premises and ideological assumptions that contribute to the reproduction of the processes of social determination. It allows us to identify bias mobilisation, exclusion, and subordinate inclusion processes that systematically lead to the omission of structural processes in the social determination of migrants' healthcare, contributing to their reproduction. We conclude by problematising the place of academia in said reproduction to the extent that the concepts and premises they use remain in the ideological territory of exclusion of the structural defined by the policy, disconnecting reflection and action in the health field from collective demands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanette Liberona
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | | | - Seth M Holmes
- Division of Society and Environment, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,University of Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Study, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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160
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Damle M, Wurtz H, Samari G. Racism and health care: Experiences of Latinx immigrant women in NYC during COVID-19. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2022; 2:100094. [PMID: 35578651 PMCID: PMC9095080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected minoritized racial groups, especially Latinx immigrants, evidenced by the high rates of COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths among this population. With increasing xenophobia and anti-immigrant sentiment in parallel to the pandemic, it is critical to understand the perspectives of Latinx populations. This study explores Latinx immigrant women's perceptions of racism and xenophobia in their health care experiences in New York City (NYC) during the COVID-19 pandemic and, further, seeks to understand the role of perceived discrimination in health care settings and on health care access. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative method of analysis from twenty-one in-depth interviews conducted with foreign-born women in the five boroughs of New York City from diverse countries across Latin America. Four central themes emerged including: structural inequalities, discriminatory health care experiences, victimization in public institutions, and overcoming discrimination in health care settings. Latinx immigrant women described the ways in which perceptions and experiences of discrimination shaped their capacity to address health-related needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides evidence to a growing body of literature suggesting that structural racism and xenophobia and perceptions of anti-immigrant discrimination, including resulting structural inequalities, may have a negative effect on individuals' ability to access and engage the health care system, resulting in avoidance of health care services - a critical need during a global pandemic. Scholars, policymakers, and practitioners alike should be mindful of how racism and xenophobia shape Latinx immigrant communities' engagement with the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Damle
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Wurtz
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goleen Samari
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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161
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Flourishing and health in critical perspective: An invitation to interdisciplinary dialogue. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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162
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Spivey Provencio SJ. Latinx immigrant experiences with chronic illness management in Central Texas: reframing agency and liminality through nepantla. Anthropol Med 2022; 29:367-382. [PMID: 36524363 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2022.2144803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immigrant rights have become increasingly contentious and partisan issues in the United States, and especially within the U.S. healthcare system. It is particularly essential to pay attention to Latinx immigrants-the largest immigrant and uninsured population in the United States. Latinx immigrants face many structural and legal challenges that may impact their biomedical healthcare access and treatment, creating a state of liminality or in-betweenness, especially when managing a chronic illness such as diabetes, hypertension, or arthritis. Using qualitative methods at a free healthcare clinic in Central Texas, the study reveals how the chronic illness narrative becomes inextricable from the immigrant narrative for this particular group, and how a unique 'dual-liminality' emerges from living with both an immigrant status and chronic condition. This study also introduces how Gloria Anzaldúa's theory of nepantla can be used to push existing understandings of migrant liminality in medical anthropology by reframing the experiences of U.S. Latinx immigrants with chronic illness as ones of opportunity. Nepantla functions as a novel theoretical lens to better understand how Latinx immigrants may regain agency in their chronic illness management and promote social change by helping others in similar situations.
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163
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Molenaar J, Van Praag L. Migrants as 'vulnerable groups' in the COVID-19 pandemic: A critical discourse analysis of a taken-for-granted label in academic literature. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2022; 2:100076. [PMID: 35529889 PMCID: PMC9052635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2022.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affects different people unequally, and migrants are frequently among the groups considered particularly vulnerable. However, conceptualizations of 'vulnerability' are often ambiguous and poorly defined. Using critical discourse analysis methods, this article analyses the academic use of the term 'vulnerable' applied to migrants in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic across public health and social science disciplines. Our findings indicate that the concept of vulnerability is frequently applied to migrants in the COVID-19 context as a descriptor with seemingly taken-for-granted applicability. Migrants are considered vulnerable for a wide variety of reasons, most commonly relating to exposure to and risk of contracting COVID-19; poverty or low socio-economic status; precarity; access to healthcare; discrimination; and language barriers. Drivers of migrants' vulnerability were frequently construed as immutable societal characteristics. Additionally, our analysis revealed widespread generalization in the use of the notion of vulnerability, with limited consideration of the heterogeneity among and between diverse groups of migrants. Conceptualizations of migrants' vulnerability in the COVID-19 pandemic were sometimes used to advance seemingly contradictory policy implications or conclusions, and migrants' own views and lived experiences were often marginalized or excluded within these discourses. Our analysis highlights that although some definable groups of people are certainly more likely to suffer harm in crisis situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of 'vulnerable' as a fixed descriptor has potentially negative implications. As an alternative, we suggest thinking about vulnerability as the dynamic outcome of a process of 'vulnerabilisation' shaped by social order and power relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jil Molenaar
- Centre for Migration and Intercultural Studies (CeMIS), University of Antwerp, Stadscampus, S.LN55.202, Lange Nieuwstraat 55, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lore Van Praag
- Centre for Migration and Intercultural Studies (CeMIS), University of Antwerp, Stadscampus, S.LN55.202, Lange Nieuwstraat 55, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium
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164
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Matthews AK, Li CC, Bernhardt B, Sohani S, Dong XQ. Factors influencing the well-being of Asian American LGBT individuals across the lifespan: perspectives from leaders of community-based organizations. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:909. [PMID: 36443664 PMCID: PMC9703657 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals have documented disparities in mental health that are experienced across the life course. However, limited research has been conducted to identify the factors which contribute to evaluated risk for poor mental health among older Asian Americans who identify as LGBT. The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of leaders of community-based organizations about the mental health needs and concerns of their LGBT constituents from diverse Asian backgrounds. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with leaders of community-based organizations serving the needs of LGBT individuals. A qualitative framework analysis approach was used to identify, analyze and report themes within the data. RESULTS 11 members of community organizations located in California (54.5%), Chicago (27.2%), and New York (18.1%) were interviewed. Chronic stress was identified as negatively impacting constituents' lives and was attributed to social determinants of health, including inadequate housing, financial insecurity, discrimination, barriers to adequate health care, and immigration status. Ageism, social isolation, language barriers, and limited connections to cultural, religious, or LGBT communities were identified as factors impacting middle-aged and older adults. Participants identified homelessness, violence, and lack of parental acceptance as contributing to distress among youth and younger adults. The most vulnerable community members were identified as gender minorities, undocumented individuals, and individuals with limited English proficiencies. Organizational leaders described strategies to address social determinants. CONCLUSIONS Asian Americans who are LGBT are confronted with substantial risks for poor mental health that are linked to modifiable social determinants of health. Organizations serving these populations play a vital role in meeting the needs of a highly underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Matthews
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Chien-Ching Li
- Department of Health Systems Management, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Shams Sohani
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Xin Qi Dong
- Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Institute for Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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165
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Spencer G, Dankyi E, Thompson J, Acton F, Kwankye SO. The Health Experiences of Young Internal Migrants in Ghana-Identifying Priorities for Sustainable Health Promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15229. [PMID: 36429947 PMCID: PMC9690152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals underscore the importance of migration to the achievement of health, and global migration presents both opportunities and challenges for the development of health promotion. Despite such recognition, very little work has focused on health promotion with young migrants, including how migration shapes opportunities for positive health. This paper reports findings from a qualitative study that sought to advance knowledge of the health experiences of young internal migrants in Ghana (n = 14) and considers ways to harness these perspectives in the development of sustainable health promotion solutions. Methods included community consultations, participatory workshops and interviews with young migrants aged 14-21 years. Findings highlighted how the social determinants of health affected young migrants' opportunities to support their health. Our analysis highlights how a lack of access to adequate food, shelter and health services often resulted in the adoption of alternative health practices, including the use of herbal remedies. Supporting positive livelihoods as part of tackling the social determinants of health is crucial to mitigate the impacts of poverty and inequalities on young migrants' health practices and outcomes. We conclude by considering how to advance relevant health promotion with young migrants living in contexts of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Spencer
- Faculty of Health, Education Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Ernestina Dankyi
- Centre for Social Policy Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 1181, Ghana
| | - Jill Thompson
- Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Faye Acton
- Faculty of Health, Education Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Stephen Owusu Kwankye
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon LG 1181, Ghana
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166
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Blukacz A, Carreño Calderon A, Obach A, Cabieses B, Peroncini J, Oliva A. Perceptions of Health Needs among Venezuelan Women Crossing the Border in Northern Chile during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15175. [PMID: 36429892 PMCID: PMC9690325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In parallel to the COVID-19 pandemic, Chile has experienced a significant influx of international migrants, many of whom are Venezuelan women who have entered the country through unauthorized crossing points. In this context, gender and migration intersect as the social determinants of health, leading to their experiencing a range of adverse events. This poses important challenges in terms of short- and long-term health outcomes, the social determinants of health, and access to healthcare. This study aims at describing Venezuelan women's perceptions of their health needs as they migrate to Chile via an unauthorized crossing point, with a focus on adverse events throughout the migration cycle, self-reported health needs, and responses. A qualitative case study was carried out with 22 participants in the Antofagasta region of Chile, including Venezuelan migrant women, healthcare professionals, and social workers from the public healthcare system, stakeholders from non-governmental and international organizations, and local government officials. The semi-structured, individual interviews were analyzed thematically. The results show that Venezuelan women face a range of adverse events throughout the migration cycle. The perceived health needs that are reported are sometimes linked to these adverse events or existed prior to migration and were exacerbated throughout the migratory cycle. Addressing these physical and mental health needs is essential for short- and long-term individual and public health; however, despite substantial efforts to ameliorate the situation, persisting gaps in access to care are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blukacz
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Alejandra Carreño Calderon
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Alexandra Obach
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jeniffer Peroncini
- Subsistema Chile Crece Contigo, Subsecretaria de la Niñez, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Alejandra Oliva
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
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167
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Handal AJ, Vasquez Guzman CE, Hernandez-Vallant A, Lemus A, Hess JM, Casas N, Galvis M, Medina D, Huyser K, Goodkind JR. Measuring Latinx/@ immigrant experiences and mental health: Adaptation of discrimination and historical loss scales. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2022; 93:27-40. [PMID: 36375031 PMCID: PMC10030193 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Migration processes encompass uncertainty, discrimination, racism, stigma, social isolation, lack of access to resources, fear of deportation, and family separation, having a critical impact on the health of Latinx/@ immigrants in the United States. It is essential to accurately measure the ways in which social, legal, economic, and political contexts impact mental health. This article discusses adaptation and use of discrimination and historical loss measures in a multilevel community-based advocacy, learning, and social support intervention (Immigrant Well-Being Project) with Latinx/@ immigrants in New Mexico, using participatory research approaches. Participants (n = 52) were recruited through community partner organizations and completed four qualitative and quantitative interviews over a 12-month period. The present analysis draws on the baseline quantitative data. Results show it is possible to adapt standardized measures of discrimination developed to assess the experiences of other racial/ethnic groups; however, the most common responses involved response options added by our research team. For the historical loss instrument, there was a high frequency of "never" answers for many items, suggesting that they were not relevant for participants or did not capture their experiences of loss. As with the discrimination measures, the items we added resonated the most with participants. The contexts of discrimination and loss for Latinx/@ immigrant populations are complex, thus the tools we use to measure these experiences and their impact on health must account for this complexity. This study contributes to these endeavors through involving community members in the conceptualization and measurement of discrimination and historical loss among Latinx/@ immigrants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Handal
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - Cirila Estela Vasquez Guzman
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health Science University
- Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico
| | - Alexandra Hernandez-Vallant
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
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168
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Cools K. Material Culture and Structural Violence: Reframing Evidence of the Social Gradient in Industrial Contexts. HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY 2022; 56:648-662. [PMID: 36405426 PMCID: PMC9643932 DOI: 10.1007/s41636-022-00381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining is an industry that historically has exposed laborers to a variety of environmental and occupational health hazards that have resulted in injury, illness, and/or physical disability. These health hazards, however, did not impact all laborers involved in coal mining equally. As a coal-mining company town organized with four distinct housing areas that correlate historically with the socioeconomic statuses of the jobs held at the colliery, Eckley Miners' Village provides a case study to explore how these health disparities were lived with and treated by residents of the industrial company town. Through an analysis of health-related material culture from house lots in two different sections of Eckley Miners' Village, evidence of the social gradient can be seen in the quality and quantity of medical ephemera present in the archaeological record. By utilizing archaeology, scholars can develop a longitudinal study of health disparities in the coal-mining towns of northeastern Pennsylvania. Examining contemporary health disparities requires tracing the historical foundations of these inequities, providing a critical space for archaeologists to contribute meaningful insights into the implications of social, political, and economic factors on exposure to health hazards and access to treatment materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Cools
- Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, 7251 Preinkert Drive, 2138 LeFrak Hall, College Park, MD U.S.A
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169
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Vianello FA, Wolkowitz C. Italian doctors’ understandings of work-related health and safety risks among women migrant home care workers. HEALTH, RISK & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2022.2142202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol Wolkowitz
- Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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170
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Vasylyeva TI, Horyniak D, Bojorquez I, Pham MD. Left behind on the path to 90-90-90: understanding and responding to HIV among displaced people. J Int AIDS Soc 2022; 25:e26031. [PMID: 36352546 PMCID: PMC9646984 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2021, the number of people affected by displacement worldwide reached the highest on record, with an estimated 30.5 million refugees and 4.6 million asylum seekers seeking safety across international borders and further 53.2 million people displaced within their countries of origin. Most forcibly displaced persons come from or relocate to lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and many of those countries have large HIV epidemics. In this commentary, we describe some of the challenges at the intersection of HIV and displacement vulnerabilities that cannot be easily addressed in resource-limited environments. DISCUSSION HIV transmission and prevention and treatment efforts in the context of displacement are affected by myriad behavioural, social and structural factors across different stages of the displacement journey. For example, structural barriers faced by people experiencing displacement in relation to HIV prevention and care include funding constraints and legal framework deficiencies. Such barriers prevent all forced migrants, and particularly those whose sexual identities or practices are stigmatized against, access to prevention and care equal to local residents. Xenophobia, racism and other social factors, as well as individual risky behaviours facilitated by experiences of forced migration, also affect the progress towards 90-90-90 targets in displaced populations. Current evidence suggests increased HIV vulnerability in the period before displacement due to the effect of displacement drivers on medical supplies and infrastructure. During and after displacement, substantial barriers to HIV testing exist, though following resettlement in stable displacement context, HIV incidence and viral suppression are reported to be similar to those of local populations. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of often-marginalized displaced populations are diverse and depend on the context of displacement, countries of origin and resettlement, and the nature of the crises that forced these populations to move. To address current gaps in responses to HIV in displacement contexts, research in LMIC, particularly in less stable resettlement settings, needs to be scaled up. Furthermore, displaced populations need to be specifically addressed in national AIDS strategies and HIV surveillance systems. Finally, innovative technologies, such as point-of-care viral load and CD4 testing, need to be developed and introduced in settings facing displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana I. Vasylyeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Danielle's Horyniak
- Public Health DisciplineBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ietza Bojorquez
- Department of Population StudiesEl Colegio de la Frontera NorteTijuanaMexico
| | - Minh Duc Pham
- Public Health DisciplineBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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171
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Gray C, Crawford G, Maycock B, Lobo R. Exploring the Intersections of Migration, Gender, and Sexual Health with Indonesian Women in Perth, Western Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13707. [PMID: 36294283 PMCID: PMC9603176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the intersections of migration, gender, and sexual health with Indonesian women living in Perth, Western Australia. The study was part of a larger participatory action research project to co-design an intervention to increase HIV testing in migrant Indonesian women. Unstructured interviews were conducted with adult Indonesian women (n = 10) on their experiences of migration and sexual health. Zimmerman's migration phases (pre-departure and travel, destination, and return) provided a framework to conceptualize women's migration journeys. We found that women's migration journeys were shaped by gender, with male-led migration often reinforcing gender norms. Structural and sociocultural factors (including visa status) influenced women's sense of belonging while living in Australia, such as help-seeking behaviour and engagement in sexual relationships. Intersecting factors of gender, culture, and the migration process should be considered when designing public health interventions to improve women's sexual health, in particular migration policies and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie Gray
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- College of Medicine & Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
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172
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Obach A, Carreño A, Sadler M. Latin American Youths' Migration Journeys and Settlement in the Tarapacá Region in Chile: Implications for Sexual and Reproductive Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13583. [PMID: 36294166 PMCID: PMC9603729 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sexual and reproductive health of young migrants has not been sufficiently addressed in mobility studies. In this article, we dwell on some aspects of this issue in the migration process of Latin American youth. We conducted a qualitative study in the region of Tarapacá, Chile, carrying out in-depth interviews with key informants, health staff and young migrants between 18 and 25 years old. The results show some motivations to migrate related to sexual and reproductive health: young pregnant women, LGBTQI+ and HIV-positive people seeking access to health care and social contexts of reduced gender discrimination. During the migration process, young people are exposed to various kinds of sexual violence, and in their settlement in Chile, to situations of racism, stigma and discrimination in society as a whole and in access to and during sexual and reproductive health care. Health care for young migrants is mainly focused on maternal care and reproductive issues, while sexual health as a whole is disregarded. We argue that sexual health must be addressed as a central dimension of the lived experiences of young migrants, and that the social, cultural and structural factors that undermine their sexual and reproductive health must be addressed in order to provide culturally competent health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Obach
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Alejandra Carreño
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Michelle Sadler
- Departamento de Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 7941169, Chile
- Women’s and Gender Studies Program, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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173
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Alarcão V, Virgolino A, Stefanovska-Petkovska M, Neves J. Exploring the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Well-Being of Migrant Populations in Europe: An Equity-Focused Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12100393. [PMID: 36285962 PMCID: PMC9598275 DOI: 10.3390/bs12100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic is aggravating health inequalities, particularly mental health inequalities, while revealing the social determinants of these inequalities, including migration as a social determinant that mediates the interaction of social, economic, cultural, institutional, and structural factors with health indicators. Therefore, it is of most relevance to identify the multiple interconnected factors that influence the mental health and well-being of migrant populations. A scoping review was developed to map the research performed in this area and to identify any gaps in knowledge, following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. MEDLINE, Scopus, and WHO Global Health research databases on COVID-19 were searched from January 2020 to October 2021. The review followed the inclusion criteria Population/Concept/Context (PCC): Population-Adult International migrants (including refugees, asylum seekers, and undocumented migrants); Concept-determinants of (and factors influencing) mental health and well-being; Context-COVID-19 anywhere in the world. Of the sixty-five selected studies, eleven were from European countries and were the focus of this review with special attention to health inequalities experienced by migrants in Europe. The results cover a diversity of themes related to the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of migrants (country-level environmental factors, social determinants of mental health, mental health indicators and outcomes), responses (such as solidarity and resilience), populations, and study methods. The evidence found can inform recommendations and interventions focused on health promotion and mitigation of the inequalities accentuated by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Alarcão
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miodraga Stefanovska-Petkovska
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Júlia Neves
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia, Iscte—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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174
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Wu WL, Yu HY, Zhou HX. Identifying factors affecting willingness to participate in floating population health volunteer services by Chinese volunteers based on the theory of the planned behavior expansion model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:953575. [PMID: 36275260 PMCID: PMC9580335 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.953575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
China has the world's largest internal migrant population, called the floating population. Compared to local residents, the floating population utilizes different health services and relies heavily on health volunteer services for supplementary services. In this study, the theory of planned behavior model was used to study the willingness of volunteers to participate in floating population health volunteer services. We examined the effects of several factors on willingness to participate and found that attitude and subjective norm, but not perceived behavioral control, have significant predictive effects on willingness to participate in health volunteer services. Furthermore, altruistic values, social incentives, and personality traits not only have significant predictive effects on volunteer participation but also indirectly affect willingness through attitude and subjective norms. These findings help us understand what factors affect volunteers' willingness to provide health services to the floating population and have important implications for mobilizing volunteers for floating population health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-ling Wu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yu
- School of Public Health Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Yan Yu
| | - Hai-Xia Zhou
- School of Public Health Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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175
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Squires A, Thompson R, Sadarangani T, Amburg P, Sliwinski K, Curtis C, Wu B. International migration and its influence on health. Res Nurs Health 2022; 45:503-511. [DOI: 10.1002/nur.22262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Squires
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University New York New York USA
- Grossman School of Medicine New York University New York New York USA
| | - Roy Thompson
- Sinclair School of Nursing University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Tina Sadarangani
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University New York New York USA
| | - Polina Amburg
- School of Nursing Monmouth University Long Branch New Jersey USA
| | - Kathy Sliwinski
- School of Nursing, Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Cedonnie Curtis
- School of Nursing La Salle University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Bei Wu
- P50 Center for Asian Health Promotion and Equity, Rory Meyers College of Nursing New York University New York New York USA
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176
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Bennouna C, Gillespie A, Stark L, Seff I. Norms, Repertoires, & Intersections: Towards an integrated theory of culture for health research and practice. Soc Sci Med 2022; 311:115351. [PMID: 36108563 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Public health scholars and practitioners have increasingly distanced themselves from the term "culture," which has been used to essentialize and blame marginalized "others." However, leading health theories inevitably entail the study of culture; omitting the term may sever vital connections to useful social theory. Instead, we propose the Intersectional Theory of Cultural Repertoires in Health (RiH), integrating social norms and intersectionality with repertoire theory, which has been highly influential in cultural sociology. We outline an approach to investigating relationships between cultural resources and health behaviors and illustrate the theory's application with two qualitative case studies. The cases demonstrate how RiH theory can elucidate the roles of cultural resources in influencing health outcomes, such as gender-equitable behavior in Nigeria and coping strategies in Haiti. Building on conventional normative explanations of health, we theorize how schemas, narratives, boundaries, and other cultural resources shape behavior and demonstrate how norms constrain the use of repertoires. We detail how this theory can deepen our understanding of health phenomena and identify future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lindsay Stark
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Ilana Seff
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
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177
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León‐Pérez G, Patterson EJ, Coelho L. Legal status history, gender, and the health of Latino immigrants in the US. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/imig.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larissa Coelho
- Department of Sociology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
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178
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Young MEDT, Perez-Lua F, Sarnoff H, Plancarte V, Goldman-Mellor S, Payán DD. Working around safety net exclusions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of rural Latinx immigrants. Soc Sci Med 2022; 311:115352. [PMID: 36126474 PMCID: PMC9444313 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rural Latinx immigrants experienced disproportionately negative health and economic impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. They contended with the pandemic at the intersection of legal status exclusions from the safety net and long-standing barriers to health care in rural regions. Yet, little is known about how rural Latinx immigrants navigated such exclusions. In this qualitative study, we examined how legal status stratification in rural contexts influenced Latinx immigrant families' access to the safety net. We conducted interviews with first- and second-generation Latinx immigrants (n = 39) and service providers (n = 20) in four rural California communities between July 2020 and April 2021. We examined personal and organizational strategies used to obtain economic, health, and other forms of support. We found that Latinx families navigated a limited safety net with significant exclusions. In response, they enacted short-term strategies and practices - workarounds - that met immediate, short-term needs. Workarounds, however, were enacted through individual efforts, allowing little recourse beyond immediate personal agency. Some took the form of strategic practices within the safety net, such as leveraging resources that did not require legal status verification; in other cases, they took the form of families opting to avoid the safety net altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elena De Trinidad Young
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | - Fabiola Perez-Lua
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Hannah Sarnoff
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | | | - Sidra Goldman-Mellor
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, 5200 N Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Denise Diaz Payán
- Department of Health, Society and Behavior, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Xu Y, Zeng W, Wang Y, Magaña S. Barriers to Service Access for Immigrant Families of Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 60:382-404. [PMID: 36162050 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-60.5.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review explores (a) barriers faced by immigrant families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) when accessing healthcare-related services in the United States, (b) where research stands based on the health disparity research framework, and (c) implications for future health disparities research with this population. Our scoping review found 26 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2020 that met our inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and synthesized based on the stages of research outlined in the health disparity research framework. Overall, immigrant families experienced barriers on multiple levels including patient, provider, and healthcare system levels. Studies focusing on detecting and reducing disparities are emerging. We conclude with recommendations for future research and practice with immigrant families of children with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Yue Xu, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford
| | | | - Yao Wang
- Yao Wang, University of Maryland, Baltimore
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180
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Hoffman SJ, Garcia Y, Altamirano-Crosby J, Ortega SM, Yu K, Abudiab SM, de Acosta D, Fredkove WM, Karim S, Mann E, Thomas CM, Yun K, Dawson-Hahn EE. " How can you advocate for something that is nonexistent?" (CM16-17) Power of community in a pandemic and the evolution of community-led response within a COVID-19 CICT and testing context. Front Public Health 2022; 10:901230. [PMID: 36211712 PMCID: PMC9533649 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.901230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Formal and informal bilingual/bicultural organizations and networks form the backbone of support for refugee, immigrant, and migrant (RIM) communities in the United States. They are pivotal in mitigating barriers and inequities in social and structural determinants of health. These organizations and networks are situated within the communities they serve, and often are established and run by members of a community, to serve the community. In the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic surfaced and widened existing health inequities for some racial and ethnic communities. Our primary objectives were to: (1) describe the processes that underpinned the pivotal role of immigrant-serving community structures in developing and implementing culturally sustaining programming in the context of pandemic response, and (2) amplify the voices of community experts, as they shared experiences and perspectives around these humanistic and community-centered approaches. We applied a community case study approach to a national sample of RIM-serving community structures representing broad country/region-of-origin, cultural, and linguistic identities. Community engagement strategies utilized in the project period included engaging community partners to identify and facilitate connections, and consult on analysis and dissemination. The project team conducted 20 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of community experts/community organizations. Sampling strategy was further informed by immigrant identity (i.e., characterization of status) and geography (i.e., United States Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs Regions). Through thematic analysis, results identified key contextual, process-, and impact-oriented themes inherent to community-led COVID-19 responses, that were situated within and around the public and health system response to the pandemic. As public health and health systems scrambled to address acute and unprecedented barriers to access, distribution of COVID-19-related health resources and services, and disparate health outcomes, community structures diligently and intentionally reimagined and reconceptualized their response to COVID-19, frequently in the setting of scarce resources. The grassroots response evolved as a counter-narrative to top-down equity processes, historically defined by systems and applied to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Hoffman
- Population Health and Systems Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Sarah J. Hoffman
| | | | | | - Sarait M. Ortega
- Centro Binacional para el Desarrollo Indígena Oaxaqueño, Frenso, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly Yu
- National Resource Center for Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Seja M. Abudiab
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seatle, WA, United States
| | - Diego de Acosta
- National Resource Center for Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Windy M. Fredkove
- Population Health and Systems Cooperative, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sayyeda Karim
- Center for Global Health and Social Responsibility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Erin Mann
- Center for Global Health and Social Responsibility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christine M. Thomas
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Katherine Yun
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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181
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Legal status and health disparities: An examination of health insurance coverage among the foreign-born. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.47.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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182
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Podar MD, Freţian AM, Demir Z, Razum O, Namer Y. How schools in Germany shape and impact the lives of adolescent refugees in terms of mental health and social mobility. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101169. [PMID: 35935280 PMCID: PMC9352960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Schools are relevant settings for supporting refugee adolescents' mental health. As education and migration are important social determinants of health, we aim to integrate the qualitative findings of our mixed-methods study into a broader discussion regarding the role of schools and the potential effects on refugee adolescents' lives and mental health, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we present the findings of school-based actors' (i.e., teachers and school psychologists) perception of refugee adolescents' access to mental health care. The interviews highlight the importance of schools and social activities as main stabilizers and sources of support for refugee adolescents’ mental health and the role trusting school-parent relationships play in mental health care help-seeking. Our data indicate that schools lack the resources to properly address these needs. However, these structural gaps are rooted into historical segregation and discrimination in the German educational system and left unaddressed, can increase stigma and intergenerational social inequalities, especially in connection to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude our article with a set of recommendations that could be relevant and implemented across different contexts to strengthen the role of the school setting in promoting the mental health and well-being of refugee adolescents. Schools have the potential be sites of support for refugee minors' mental health. Yet, German schools have historically been sites of segregation and discrimination. Social activities are main stabilizers for mental health, but schools lack resources. School closings during the COVID19 pandemic in Germany exacerbated these challenges. We recommend anti-racist education practices and inclusionary strategies in schools.
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183
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Dibble KE, Connor AE. Evaluation of disparities in maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors among female cancer survivors by race/ethnicity and US nativity. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 80:102235. [PMID: 35952462 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are well-known racial/ethnic disparities in maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors throughout cancer survivorship among US-born women. Less is known about these associations among women born outside the US, as these women may experience disparities in survivorship care due to the lack of access to culturally appropriate health services. We evaluated disparities in the associations between race/ethnicity and US nativity and the likelihood of meeting recommendations for maintaining a healthy lifestyle during cancer survivorship. METHODS 2044 female cancer survivors contributed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2018). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with multivariable logistic regression models to measure the association between independent variables (race/ethnicity, US nativity, length of time in the US) and outcomes (obesity, meeting weekly physical activity (PA) recommendations, smoking history, alcoholic drinks/day) overall and by comorbidity. RESULTS Most survivors were breast cancer survivors (27.6 %), non-Hispanic white (64.2 %), and US native (84.5 %). Compared to US native survivors, foreign-born survivors were less likely (aOR, 0.30, 95 % CI, 0.10-0.87) to not meet PA recommendations, while foreign-born survivors living in the US ≥ 15 years were 2.30 times more likely (95 % CI, 1.12-4.73) to not meet PA recommendations. Having at least one comorbidity modified (p-interaction< 0.05) the relationships between US nativity and length of time in the US. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new evidence for disparities in maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors among female cancer survivors and can help inform lifestyle interventions for female cancer survivors from different racial/ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Dibble
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Avonne E Connor
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Piñones-Rivera C, Liberona N, Arancibia R, Jiménez V. Indigenous Border Migrants and (Im)Mobility Policies in Chile in Times of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9728. [PMID: 35955083 PMCID: PMC9367877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The commodification of healthcare and the structural violence towards the migrant population in the Chilean system materialize in a series of structural barriers to accessing healthcare. In the face of this structural vulnerability, cross-border health mobility is one of the primary resources of indigenous border migrants living in the Tarapacá region (Chile). This involves crossing the border of both people (specialists/patients) and objects (such as ritual supplies or biomedicines), which play a crucial role as, in many cases, it is the only way to satisfy their healthcare needs. The security-orientated geopolitics of border closure (Plan Frontera Segura) has been reinforced by immobility policies linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. While doing so leaves people without the fundamental resource of healthcare mobility or obliges them to cross the border via unauthorized crossings, exposing them to criminalization and abuse by different agents of violence (the military, people smugglers, etc.). In this paper, we will offer a description of these processes of (im)mobility, analyzing their conformation both by the current policies of the Chilean State and by the notorious deficiency in indigenous and migrant rights, denouncing the material impact they have on the health/illness/care process of indigenous migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanette Liberona
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | | | - Verónica Jiménez
- Programa de Doctorado en Psicología, Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
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185
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Ogungbe O, Turkson-Ocran RA, Nkimbeng M, Cudjoe J, Miller HN, Baptiste D, Himmelfarb CD, Davidson P, Cooper LA, Commodore-Mensah Y. Social determinants of hypertension and diabetes among African immigrants: the African immigrants health study. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:1345-1357. [PMID: 33550838 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2021.1879026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between social determinants of health, hypertension, and diabetes among African immigrants. METHODS The African Immigrant Health Study was a cross-sectional study of the health of African immigrants in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The outcomes of interest were self-reported diagnoses of hypertension and diabetes. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between educational status, employment, income, social support, health insurance, and self-reported diagnoses of hypertension and diabetes, adjusting for age, sex, and length of stay in the U.S. RESULTS A total of 465 participants with mean (±SD) age 47 (±11.5) years were included. Sixty percent were women, 64% had a college degree or higher, 83% were employed, 67% had health insurance, and 70% were married/cohabitating. Over half (60%) of the participants had lived in the United States for ≥ 10 years, and 84% were overweight/obese. The overall prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 32% and 13%, respectively. The odds of diabetes was higher (aOR: 5.00, 95% CI: 2.13, 11.11) among those who were unemployed than among those who were employed, and the odds of hypertension was higher among those who had health insurance (aOR:1.73, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.00) than among those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Among African immigrants, those who were unemployed had a higher likelihood of a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes than those who were employed. Also, people who had health insurance were more likely to self-report a diagnosis of hypertension. Additional studies are needed to further understand the influence of social determinants of health on hypertension and diabetes to develop health policies and interventions to improve the cardiovascular health of African immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa A Cooper
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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186
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Dou N, Murray-Kolb LE, Mitchell DC, Melgar-Quiñonez H, Na M. Food Insecurity and Mental Well-Being in Immigrants: A Global Analysis. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:301-311. [PMID: 35660048 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study estimates the prevalence of food insecurity, mental well-being, and their associations among immigrants and compares the food insecurity-mental well-being associations with nonimmigrants globally and by region. METHODS The Gallup World Poll data from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed in 2021. A total of 36,313 immigrants and 705,913 nonimmigrants were included. Food insecurity was measured by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Mental well-being was assessed using the Negative Experience Index and Positive Experience Index. A community attachment index was used to measure the living environment. Multilevel mixed-effect linear models were used to examine how the Negative Experience Index/Positive Experience Index was associated with food insecurity and the community attachment index in immigrants and nonimmigrants, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, survey years, and country fixed effects. The modifying effects of immigration status on food insecurity-mental well-being associations were tested. RESULTS The weighted proportion of food insecurity among global immigrants was 38.6% during 2014-2019. In the pooled adjusted model, food insecurity was dose-responsively associated with greater Negative Experience Index and lower Positive Experience Index than the food-secure ref (p<0.001 for trend). Similar dose-response associations were observed in nonimmigrants and in region-specific analyses. Community attachment marginally affected the food insecurity-mental well-being associations (all p≤0.001 for interaction). Immigration status significantly modified the food insecurity-mental well-being associations in all analyses (all p=0.01 for interaction), and immigrants experienced poorer mental well-being than nonimmigrants at the same level of community attachment and food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity is prevalent and is associated with poor mental well-being in immigrants worldwide. Future interventions are needed to alleviate food insecurity and promote community attachment to improve mental health among immigrants, especially in Asian and Pacific countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Dou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Diane C Mitchell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez
- McGill Institute for Global Food Security, School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
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187
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Bojorquez I, Sepúlveda J, Lee D, Strathdee S. Interrupted transit and common mental disorders among migrants in Tijuana, Mexico. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1018-1025. [PMID: 35652311 PMCID: PMC10712937 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221099419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policies of migration contention can interrupt the transit of people on the move, forcing them to remain in wait in non-destination countries. This liminal condition might impact negatively on migrants' mental health. AIMS To assess the relationship between interrupted transit and common mental disorders (CMD; symptoms of depression or anxiety), among migrants in shelters in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS Cross-sectional survey conducted in November to December 2020 and February to April 2021. We assessed depressive symptoms with the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D-7), and symptoms of anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2). We evaluated the association of being in interrupted transit (sent back from the United States to Mexico), as compared to having not crossed to the United States yet or planning to stay in Mexico, with having a CMD (either depressive or anxiety symptoms), as well as the association of other migration-related variables with CMD. RESULTS Being in interrupted transit (OR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.12, 2.71]), and having experienced violence during transit (OR = 2.50, 95% CI [1.63, 3.82]) were associated with CMD. CONCLUSIONS Interrupted transit is a potential risk factor for mental health problems among migrants. Migration and public health policies should consider the mental health consequences of interrupted transit, and promote initiatives to address the mental health needs of migrants on the move.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ietza Bojorquez
- Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Jaime Sepúlveda
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Deandra Lee
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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188
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Missed reporting of nonfatal occupational injuries: estimation using the International Labor Organization datasets. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1343-1356. [PMID: 35680671 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most previous studies about missed reporting of nonfatal occupational injuries have four limitations: (i) mostly qualitative methods, (ii) arbitrary fraction used to estimate missed nonfatal occupational injuries based on subjective opinions, (iii) use of datasets derived from only one country, and (iv) use of a relatively simple estimation method. In contrast, (i) using quantitative approaches, this study will calculate the (ii) objective estimates on (iii) a multinational scale. (iv) A newly devised logical approach for estimation will be applied. Through this study, the fraction of missed reports of nonfatal occupational injuries will be estimated in a new way. METHODS Four International Labor Organization (ILO) datasets were analyzed in this study: (i) fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers by sex and migrant status, (ii) nonfatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers by sex and migrant status, (iii) inspectors per 10,000 employed persons, and (iv) labor inspection visits per inspector. The ratification status of 27 ILO conventions, classified into 12 categories, was used for the analyses. The GDP dataset from the World Bank Open Data was also used. In addition to basic descriptive analyses, a multilevel Poisson regression method was applied. The primary outcome was the risk ratio of the above-mentioned four selected measures when an ILO convention was ratified compared to when the convention was not ratified. Finally, for the estimation of the fraction of missed reports of nonfatal occupational injuries, a newly devised estimation method was applied. This method was devised based on a unique characteristic of reporting systems for fatal occupational injuries (duplicate reporting through multiple reporting systems). RESULTS The ratio of discovered nonfatal occupational injuries to total estimated nonfatal occupational injuries ranged from 0.13 (95% CI 0.13-0.14) to 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.95). In other words, the minimum estimate of the percentage of missed injury reports is 11% (1-0.89 = 0.11) and the maximum is 87% (1-0.13 = 0.87). The mean value of the ratios of discovered nonfatal occupational injuries to total estimated nonfatal occupational injuries was 0.52. In other words, the most likely estimate for the fraction of missed injury reports is 48% (1-0.52 = 0.48). DISCUSSION Underreporting of nonfatal occupational injuries could hinder the efforts of governments to address and improve the occupational safety and health status of the country. Accurate assessment of the current status of nonfatal occupational injuries is important for devising effective strategies to reduce this type of injury.
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Tzogiou C, Spycher J, Bize R, Sanchis Zozaya J, Blaser J, Pahud Vermeulen B, Felappi A, Bodenmann P, Marti J. Detecting and describing heterogeneity in health care cost trajectories among asylum seekers. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:978. [PMID: 35907845 PMCID: PMC9339203 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying the health care cost trajectories among asylum seekers is not well understood. In the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, a nurse-led health care and medical Network for Migrant Health ("Réseau santé et migration" RESAMI) has established a health care model focusing on the first year after arrival of asylum seekers, called the "community health phase". This model aims to provide tailored care and facilitate integration into the Swiss health care system. The aim of this study is to explore different health care cost trajectories among asylum seekers during this phase and identify the associated factors. METHODS We detected different patterns of health care cost trajectories using time-series clustering of longitudinal data of asylum seekers in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. These data included all adult asylum seekers and recipients of emergency aid who entered the canton between 2012 and 2015 and were followed until 2018. The different clusters of health care cost trajectories were then described using a multinomial logistic regression model. RESULTS We identified a concave, an upward trending, and a downward trending cluster of health care cost trajectories with different characteristics being associated with each cluster. The likelihood of being in the concave cluster is positively associated with coming from the Eastern Mediterranean region or Africa rather than Europe and with a higher share of consultations with an interpreter. The likelihood of being in the upward trending cluster, which accrued the highest costs, is positively associated with 20-24-year-olds rather than older individuals, coming from Europe than any other region and having a mental disorder. In contrast to the other two clusters, the likelihood of being in the downward trending cluster is positively associated with having contacted the RESAMI network within the first month after arrival, which might indicate the potential of early intervention. It is also positively associated with older age and living in a group lodge. CONCLUSIONS Asylum seekers are heterogeneous in terms of health care cost trajectories. Exploring these differences can help point to possible ways to improve the care and supporting services provided to asylum seekers. Our findings could indicate that early and patient-centered interventions might be well-suited to this aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tzogiou
- Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Gertrudstrasse 15, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland. .,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Jacques Spycher
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté) University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Bize
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté) University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Javier Sanchis Zozaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Brigitte Pahud Vermeulen
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Felappi
- Fondation AACTS (Addiction, Community Action, Social Work), Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bodenmann
- Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté) University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Marti
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté) University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Contact with psychiatric care prior to suicide: are there differences between migrants and the majority population in Sweden? A cohort study of 12 474 persons who died by suicide between 2006 and 2016. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e56. [PMID: 35894222 PMCID: PMC9354119 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to determine possible differences in psychiatric care contact and the type of contact in the year prior to suicide by migrant status and region of origin compared to Swedish persons. METHODS A population-based open cohort design, using linked national registers, to study all individuals aged 20-64 years who died by suicide between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2016 in Sweden (N = 12 474). The primary exposure was migrant status compared to the Swedish majority population in the following categories: non-refugee migrants, refugee migrants and children of migrants. The secondary exposure was region of origin in seven regions: Sweden, other Nordic countries, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Asia, the Americas and Oceania. The four outcomes were psychiatric in- and outpatient care, prescribed and purchased psychotropic medication and a variable composing the other variables, all measured the year before death. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, income and marital status estimated the likelihood of psychiatric care utilisation by type of care within the year prior to death by migrant status and region of origin (individually and combined). RESULTS Out of all who had died by suicide, 81% had had psychiatric care of any type in the year before death by suicide. Among refugees the prevalence of psychiatric care before death by suicide was 88%. Compared with the Swedish reference group, non-refugees and persons from Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa had a lower likelihood of utilising psychiatric care prior to suicide driven by a lower use of prescribed psychotropic medication. Persons from the Middle East and North Africa had a higher likelihood, driven by higher use of psychiatric outpatient care and prescribed psychotropic medication. Non-refugees' likelihood of utilising care before death by suicide was lower within the first 5 years of living in Sweden. CONCLUSION A large share of those who die by suicide use psychiatric care the year before they die. Non-refugee migrants and persons from Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa have a lower likelihood of utilising psychiatric care prior to suicide compared to Swedish, whereas persons from the Middle East and North Africa have a higher likelihood. Health care and policy makers should consider both migrant status, region of origin and time in the new country for further suicide prevention efforts.
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Bacong AM, Hing AK, Morey B, Crespi CM, Kabamalan MM, Lee NR, Wang MC, de Castro AB, Gee GC. Health selection on self-rated health and the healthy migrant effect: Baseline and 1-year results from the health of Philippine Emigrants Study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000324. [PMID: 36082314 PMCID: PMC9450558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of migration and health focus on a "healthy migrant effect" whereby migrants are healthier than individuals not migrating. Health selection remains the popular explanation of this phenomenon. However, studies are mixed on whether selection occurs and typically examine migrants post-departure. This study used a novel pre-migration dataset to identify which health and social domains differ between migrants and their non-migrant counterparts and their contribution to explaining variance in self-rated health by migrant status at pre-migration and 1-year later. Data were used from the baseline and 1-year follow-up of the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES). We used multivariable ordinary least squares regression to examine differences in self-rated health between migrants to the U.S. and a comparable group of non-migrants at baseline (premigration) and one year later, accounting for seven domains: physical health, mental health, health behavior, demographics, socioeconomic factors and healthcare utilization, psychosocial factors, and social desirability. A migrant advantage was present for self-rated health at baseline and 1-year. Accounting for all domains, migrants reported better self-rated health compared to non-migrants both at baseline (β = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.43) and at 1-year (β = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.46). Migrant status, health behavior, and mental health accounted for most of the variance in self-rated health both at baseline and 1-year follow-up. This analysis provides evidence of migrant health selection and nuanced understanding to what is being captured by self-rated health in studies of migrant health that should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Matias Bacong
- University of California-Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anna K. Hing
- University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brittany Morey
- University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Crespi
- University of California-Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Nanette R. Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - May C. Wang
- University of California-Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - A. B. de Castro
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gilbert C. Gee
- University of California-Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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192
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Infante C, Vieitez-Martinez I, Rodríguez-Chávez C, Nápoles G, Larrea-Schiavon S, Bojorquez I. Access to Health Care for Migrants Along the Mexico-United States Border: Applying a Framework to Assess Barriers to Care in Mexico. Front Public Health 2022; 10:921417. [PMID: 35910916 PMCID: PMC9330619 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.921417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migrants in Mexico are entitled to care at all levels, independently of their migration status. However, previous studies show that access to care is difficult for this population. As the movement of in-transit migrants and asylum seekers has been interrupted at the Mexico-United States border by migration policies such as the “Remain in Mexico” program, and by border closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Mexican health system has the challenge of providing them with health care. Levesque et al.'s framework, according to which access occurs at the interface of health system characteristics and potential users' abilities to interact with it, is a useful theoretical tool to analyze the barriers faced by migrants. Objective The objective of this article is to analyze the barriers to access the public Mexican health system, encountered by migrants in cities in Mexican states at the Mexico-United States border during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data came from a multiple case study of the response of migrant shelters to health care needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study consisted of a non-probability survey of migrants with a recent health need, and interviews with persons working in civil society organizations providing services to migrants, governmental actors involved in the response to migration, and academics with expertise in the subject. We analyzed the quantitative and qualitative results according to Levesque et al.'s framework. Results 36/189 migrants surveyed had sought health care in a public service. The main limitations to access were in the availability and accommodation dimension (administrative barriers decreasing migrants' ability to reach the system), and the affordability dimension (out-of-pocket costs limiting migrants' ability to pay). Civil society organizations were a major source of social support, helping migrants overcome some of the barriers identified. Conclusions While Mexico's health regulations are inclusive of migrants, in practice there are major barriers to access public health services, which might inhibit migrants from seeking those services. In order to comply with its commitment to guarantee the right to health of all persons, the Mexican health authorities should address the implementation gap between an inclusive policy, and the barriers to access that still remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Infante
- Center for Health Systems Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gustavo Nápoles
- Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
| | | | - Ietza Bojorquez
- Department of Population Studies, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ietza Bojorquez
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193
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Rada I, Oyarte M, Cabieses B. A comparative analysis of health status of international migrants and local population in Chile: a population-based, cross-sectional analysis from a social determinants of health perspective. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1329. [PMID: 35820866 PMCID: PMC9277854 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During recent decades intraregional migration has increased in Latin America. Chile became one of the main receiving countries and hosted diverse international migrant groups. Evidence have suggested a healthy migrant effect (HME) on health status, but it remains scarce, controversial and needs to be updated. This study performed a comprehensive analysis verifying the existence of HME and its association with social determinants of health (SDH). METHODS We analyzed data from the Chilean National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN, version 2017). Unadjusted prevalence of health status indicators such as negative self-perceived health, chronic morbidity, disability, and activity limitations were described in both international migrants and local population. Adjusted associations between these outcomes and sets of demographics, socioeconomic, access to healthcare, psychosocial and migration-related SDH were tested using multivariate logistic regression in each population. The HME for each health outcome was also tested using multivariate logistic regression and sequentially adjusting for each set of SDH (ref = Chilean). RESULTS International migrants had lower unadjusted prevalence of all health indicators compared to Chileans. That is, unadjusted analysis revealed an apparent HME in all health outcomes. Age, unemployment, and health care system affiliation were associated with health outcomes in both populations. Psychosocial determinants were both risk and protective for the analysed health outcomes. After adjustment for each set of SDH, the immigrant health advantage was only significant for chronic morbidity. Being migrant was associated with 39% lower odds of having chronic diseases compared to locals (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.84; P = 0.0003). For all other outcomes, HME disappeared after adjusting by SDH, particularly unemployment, type of health system and psychosocial factors. CONCLUSIONS Testing the HME in Chile revealed an advantage for chronic morbidities that remained significant after adjustment for SDH. This analysis shed light on health disparities between international migrants and local population in the Latin American region, with special relevance of unemployment, type of health system and psychosocial SDH. It also informed about differential exposures faced during migration process that could dissolve the HME over time. Evidence from this analytical approach is useful for informing health planning and intersectoral solutions from a SDH perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rada
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región, Metropolitana Chile
| | - Marcela Oyarte
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Subdepartamento Innovación, Desarrollo, Transferencia Tecnológica y ETESA, Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Santiago, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Plaza 680, Las Condes, Región, Metropolitana Chile
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194
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Morgan BL, Stern MC, Pérez-Stable EJ, Hooper MW, Fejerman L. Adding a One Health approach to a research framework for minority health and health disparities. eLife 2022; 11:76461. [PMID: 35796544 PMCID: PMC9262385 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) has developed a framework to guide and orient research into health disparities and minority health. The framework depicts different domains of influence (such as biological and behavioral) and different levels of influence (such as individual and interpersonal). Here, influenced by the “One Health” approach, we propose adding two new levels of influence – interspecies and planetary – to this framework to reflect the interconnected nature of human, animal, and environmental health. Extending the framework in this way will help researchers to create new avenues of inquiry and encourage multidisciplinary collaborations. We then use the One Health approach to discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health disparities, and show how the expanded framework can be applied to research into health disparities related to antimicrobial resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Morgan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Monica Webb Hooper
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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195
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Gender and occupation of household head as major determinants of malnutrition among children in Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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196
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DeFries T, Kelley J, Martin M, Kimball SL. Immigration status matters: the intersectional risk of immigration vulnerability and substance use disorder. Addiction 2022; 117:1827-1829. [PMID: 35102631 DOI: 10.1111/add.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Triveni DeFries
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Marlene Martin
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah L Kimball
- Immigrant and Refugee Health Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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197
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Lopez WD, Castañeda H. The mixed-status community as analytic framework to understand the impacts of immigration enforcement on health. Soc Sci Med 2022; 307:115180. [PMID: 35792412 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social scientists are increasingly interested in the detrimental health impacts of immigration enforcement, including surveillance, arrest, detention, and deportation. In most empirical research-as well as the legal process itself-the family or household serves as the social unit for understanding ripple effects of immigration enforcement beyond the individual. While the mixed-status family analytic framework foregrounds the experiences of millions of individuals and valuably extended immigration scholarship to move beyond its heavy focus on individual behavioral choices, we argue that a continued reliance on the family as an analytic framework reproduces normative conceptualizations of kinship and care, obscures how the process of illegality is mediated by empire, racism, and (hetero)sexism, and risks reproducing narratives about the "deserving" immigrant. We propose the mixed-status community as an analytic framework to better understand the detrimental health impacts of immigration enforcement by accounting for the synergistic influence of 1) a fuller range of social and intimate relationships; 2) spatial arrangements of risk; 3) presumptions of immigration status; and 4) racialization of immigration law and enforcement practices. We draw on a case study of an immigration raid as well as contemporary examples to illustrate the added value of this analytic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Lopez
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3815 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA; Department of Latina/o Studies, University of Michigan, USA.
| | - Heide Castañeda
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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Byers K, Monahan E, McCrae JS, Robinson J, Finno-Velasquez M. Improving Child Health and Healthcare Use Outcomes: How Risk and Resilience Intersect in Pediatric Care. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:1143-1155. [PMID: 35727413 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
More nuanced and comprehensive approaches are needed in preventive healthcare to have a larger impact on the social determinants of health that influence health and well-being over the life course. Using data from a nine-site study of pediatric health care innovations focused on screening, referring, and linking families of infants to services for social needs, we examined the clustering of risk and resilience reported by 888 parents at infant age birth to 6 months using latent profile analysis (LPA). We then examined how risk and resilience profiles were associated with children's health status and family unmet need for social supports 1 year later. The study was conducted in three states in 2018-2020 with recruitment in pediatric clinics serving low-income families. Results found four distinct family profiles of risk and resilience, and families in one profile (high household/relational risk and lower strengths) reported worse health outcomes compared to the low-risk, high strengths profile. Public benefits need-income assistance, health insurance, housing, and food assistance-at 1 year continued to be heightened among all groups compared with the low risk, high-strength group, highlighting the importance of screening for social needs early in life as risk and resilience profiles are predictive of future need. Study findings point to the need to include risk and resilience screening in the strategies used by pediatric healthcare to predict health outcomes and design preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaela Byers
- School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Emma Monahan
- Chapin Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Neighbourhood context and diagnosed mental health conditions among immigrant and non-immigrant youth: a population-based cohort study in British Columbia, Canada. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 58:693-709. [PMID: 35695905 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence from systematic reviews suggests that adult immigrants living in areas of higher immigrant density (areas with a higher proportion of foreign-born residents) tend to experience fewer mental health problems-likely through less discrimination, greater access to culturally/linguistically appropriate services, and greater social support. Less is known about how such contexts are associated with mental health during childhood-a key period in the onset and development of many mental health challenges. This study examined associations between neighbourhood immigrant density and youth mental health conditions in British Columbia (BC; Canada). METHODS Census-derived neighbourhood characteristics were linked to medical records for youth present in ten of BC's largest school districts from age 5 through 19 over the study period (1995-2016; n = 138,090). Occurrence of physician assessed diagnoses of mood and/or anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct disorder was inferred through International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnostic codes in universal public health insurance records. Multi-level logistic regression was used to model associations between neighbourhood characteristics and odds of diagnoses for each condition; models were stratified by generation status (first-generation: foreign-born; second-generation: Canadian-born to a foreign-born parent; non-immigrant). RESULTS Higher neighbourhood immigrant density was associated with lower odds of disorders among first-generation immigrant youth (e.g., adjusted odds of mood-anxiety disorders for those in neighbourhoods with the highest immigrant density were 0.67 times lower (95% CI: 0.49, 0.92) than those in neighbourhoods with the lowest immigrant density). Such protective associations generally extended to second-generation and non-immigrant youth, but were-for some disorders-stronger for first-generation than second-generation or non-immigrant youth. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest there may be protective mechanisms associated with higher neighbourhood immigrant density for mental health conditions in immigrant and non-immigrant youth. It is important that future work examines potential pathways by which contextual factors impact immigrant and non-immigrant youth mental health.
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200
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Nnaji C, O Ojikutu B. Intersecting Stigmas: Being Black African, Immigrant, and Living With HIV in the United States. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S367-S370. [PMID: 35763742 PMCID: PMC9241462 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Nnaji
- Chioma Nnaji is with the Multicultural AIDS Coalition, Boston, MA. Bisola O. Ojikutu is with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bisola O Ojikutu
- Chioma Nnaji is with the Multicultural AIDS Coalition, Boston, MA. Bisola O. Ojikutu is with the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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