151
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Lucker B, Schwarz E, Kuhlgert S, Ostendorf E, Kramer DM. Spectroanalysis in native gels (SING): rapid spectral analysis of pigmented thylakoid membrane complexes separated by CN-PAGE. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:744-756. [PMID: 28865165 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms rapidly adjust the capture, transfer and utilization of light energy to optimize the efficiency of photosynthesis and avoid photodamage. These adjustments involve fine-tuning of expression levels and mutual interactions among electron/proton transfer components and their associated light-harvesting antenna. Detailed studies of these interactions and their dynamics have been hindered by the low throughput and resolution of currently available research tools, which involve laborious isolation, separation and characterization steps. To address these issues, we developed an approach that measured multiple spectroscopic properties of thylakoid preparations directly in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels, enabling unprecedented resolution of photosynthetic complexes, both in terms of the spectroscopic and functional details, as well as the ability to distinguish separate complexes and thus test their functional connections. As a demonstration, we explore the thylakoid membrane components of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimated to high and low light, using a combination of room temperature absorption and 77K fluorescence emission to generate a multi-dimensional molecular and spectroscopic map of the photosynthetic apparatus. We show that low-light-acclimated cells accumulate a photosystem I-containing megacomplex that is absent in high-light-acclimated cells and contains distinct LhcII proteins that can be distinguished based on their spectral signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lucker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S222 Plant Biology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1312, USA
| | - Eliezer Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S222 Plant Biology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1312, USA
| | - Sebastian Kuhlgert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S222 Plant Biology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1312, USA
| | - Elisabeth Ostendorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S222 Plant Biology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1312, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, S222 Plant Biology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1312, USA
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, S222 Plant Biology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1312, USA
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152
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Kottke T, Oldemeyer S, Wenzel S, Zou Y, Mittag M. Cryptochrome photoreceptors in green algae: Unexpected versatility of mechanisms and functions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 217:4-14. [PMID: 28619534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Green algae have a highly complex and diverse set of cryptochrome photoreceptor candidates including members of the following subfamilies: plant, plant-like, animal-like, DASH and cryptochrome photolyase family 1 (CPF1). While some green algae encode most or all of them, others lack certain members. Here we present an overview about functional analyses of so far investigated cryptochrome photoreceptors from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (plant and animal-like cryptochromes) and Ostreococcus tauri (CPF1) with regard to their biological significance and spectroscopic properties. Cryptochromes of both algae have been demonstrated recently to be involved to various extents in circadian clock regulation and in Chlamydomonas additionally in life cycle control. Moreover, CPF1 even performs light-driven DNA repair. The plant cryptochrome and CPF1 are UVA/blue light receptors, whereas the animal-like cryptochrome responds to almost the whole visible spectrum including red light. Accordingly, plant cryptochrome, animal-like cryptochrome and CPF1 differ fundamentally in their structural response to light as revealed by their visible and infrared spectroscopic signatures, and in the role of the flavin neutral radical acting as dark form or signaling state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Sabine Oldemeyer
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sandra Wenzel
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yong Zou
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Mittag
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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153
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A chloroplast thylakoid lumen protein is required for proper photosynthetic acclimation of plants under fluctuating light environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8110-E8117. [PMID: 28874535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712206114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite our increasingly sophisticated understanding of mechanisms ensuring efficient photosynthesis under laboratory-controlled light conditions, less is known about the regulation of photosynthesis under fluctuating light. This is important because-in nature-photosynthetic organisms experience rapid and extreme changes in sunlight, potentially causing deleterious effects on photosynthetic efficiency and productivity. Here we report that the chloroplast thylakoid lumenal protein MAINTENANCE OF PHOTOSYSTEM II UNDER HIGH LIGHT 2 (MPH2; encoded by At4g02530) is required for growth acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under controlled photoinhibitory light and fluctuating light environments. Evidence is presented that mph2 mutant light stress susceptibility results from a defect in photosystem II (PSII) repair, and our results are consistent with the hypothesis that MPH2 is involved in disassembling monomeric complexes during regeneration of dimeric functional PSII supercomplexes. Moreover, mph2-and previously characterized PSII repair-defective mutants-exhibited reduced growth under fluctuating light conditions, while PSII photoprotection-impaired mutants did not. These findings suggest that repair is not only required for PSII maintenance under static high-irradiance light conditions but is also a regulatory mechanism facilitating photosynthetic adaptation under fluctuating light environments. This work has implications for improvement of agricultural plant productivity through engineering PSII repair.
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154
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Mishanin VI, Trubitsin BV, Patsaeva SV, Ptushenko VV, Solovchenko AE, Tikhonov AN. Acclimation of shade-tolerant and light-resistant Tradescantia species to growth light: chlorophyll a fluorescence, electron transport, and xanthophyll content. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:87-102. [PMID: 28176042 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have compared the photosynthetic characteristics of two contrasting species of Tradescantia plants, T. fluminensis (shade-tolerant species), and T. sillamontana (light-resistant species), grown under the low light (LL, 50-125 µmol photons m-2 s-1) or high light (HL, 875-1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1) conditions during their entire growth period. For monitoring the functional state of photosynthetic apparatus (PSA), we measured chlorophyll (Chl) a emission fluorescence spectra and kinetics of light-induced changes in the heights of fluorescence peaks at 685 and 740 nm (F 685 and F 740). We also compared the light-induced oxidation of P700 and assayed the composition of carotenoids in Tradescantia leaves grown under the LL and HL conditions. The analyses of slow induction of Chl a fluorescence (SIF) uncovered different traits in the LL- and HL-grown plants of ecologically contrasting Tradescantia species, which may have potential ecophysiological significance with respect to their tolerance to HL stress. The fluorometry and EPR studies of induction events in chloroplasts in situ demonstrated that acclimation of both Tradescantia species to HL conditions promoted faster responses of their PSA as compared to LL-grown plants. Acclimation of both species to HL also caused marked changes in the leaf anatomy and carotenoid composition (an increase in Violaxanthin + Antheraxantin + Zeaxanthin and Lutein pools), suggesting enhanced photoprotective capacity of the carotenoids in the plants grown in nature under high irradiance. Collectively, the results of the present work suggest that the mechanisms of long-term PSA photoprotection in Tradescantia are based predominantly on the light-induced remodeling of pigment-protein complexes in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Mishanin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boris V Trubitsin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Patsaeva
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vasily V Ptushenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Alexei E Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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155
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Tikhonov AN, Vershubskii AV. Connectivity between electron transport complexes and modulation of photosystem II activity in chloroplasts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:103-114. [PMID: 28275891 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplasts, photosynthetic electron transport complexes interact with each other via the mobile electron carriers (plastoquinone and plastocyanin) which are in surplus amounts with respect to photosystem I and photosystem II (PSI and PSII), and the cytochrome b 6 f complex. In this work, we analyze experimental data on the light-induced redox transients of photoreaction center P700 in chloroplasts within the framework of our mathematical model. This analysis suggests that during the action of a strong actinic light, even significant attenuation of PSII [for instance, in the result of inhibition of a part of PSII complexes by DCMU or due to non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)] will not cause drastic shortage of electron flow through PSI. This can be explained by "electronic" and/or "excitonic" connectivity between different PSII units. At strong AL, the overall flux of electrons between PSII and PSI will maintain at a high level even with the attenuation of PSII activity, provided the rate-limiting step of electron transfer is beyond the stage of PQH2 formation. Results of our study are briefly discussed in the context of NPQ-dependent mechanism of chloroplast protection against light stress.
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156
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Ahmad RA, Dietzel L. Relaxation of cellular K + gradients by valinomycin induces diatoxanthin accumulation in Cyclotella meneghiniana cells and alters FCPa fluorescence yield in vitro. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:171-180. [PMID: 28664565 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting involves all major thylakoid membrane complexes. One important factor is the proton motive force (pmf) driving ATP production. Its proton gradient (ΔpH) component regulates the high energy quenching. Potassium ions largely contribute to the formation of the electric field (ΔΨ). ΔΨ and ΔpH partially compensate each other to form pmf. Whilst in plants considerable progress has been made in analyzing the interplay of H+ and K+ gradients, in diatoms knowledge in this field is still scarce. We relaxed cellular K+ gradients by valinomycin in Cyclotella meneghiniana. We observed a slow decrease of PSII maximum quantum yield in the dark upon valinomycin addition correlating with diatoxanthin accumulation which we attribute to the breakdown of organellar K+ gradients (either plastid or mitochondria) which might compensate for the loss of the K+ gradient by adjustment of the thylakoid pH in a secondary step. This response is reversible when ΔpH is relaxed. Similarly, we found higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) caused by higher DT accumulation in the steady state in valinomycin-treated cells. In vitro fucoxanthin chlorophyll a (FCPa) antenna complexes in liposomes with natural lipid composition showed a decrease in fluorescence yield if a K+ gradient is built up. The effect reversed by relaxing the gradient. We interpret these fluorescence changes with surface charge dynamics and FCPa organization in the membrane rather than a direct influence of K+ gradients on FCPa complexes. Both experiments reveal that K+ gradients might contribute to fine tuning of light harvesting capacity in relation to pmf in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Ahmad
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Plant Cell Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Lars Dietzel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Plant Cell Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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157
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Kleptoplast photosynthesis is nutritionally relevant in the sea slug Elysia viridis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7714. [PMID: 28798379 PMCID: PMC5552801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several sacoglossan sea slug species feed on macroalgae and incorporate chloroplasts into tubular cells of their digestive diverticula. We investigated the role of the “stolen” chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) in the nutrition of the sea slug Elysia viridis and assessed how their abundance, distribution and photosynthetic activity were affected by light and starvation. Elysia viridis individuals feeding on the macroalga Codium tomentosum were compared with starved specimens kept in dark and low light conditions. A combination of variable Chl a fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging, and HPLC pigment analysis was used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of photopigments and of the photosynthetic capacity of kleptoplasts. We show increased loss of weight and body length in dark-starved E. viridis as compared to low light-starved sea slugs. A more pronounced decrease in kleptoplast abundance and lower photosynthetic electron transport rates were observed in dark-starved sea slugs than in low light-starved animals. This study presents strong evidence of the importance of kleptoplast photosynthesis for the nutrition of E. viridis in periods of food scarcity. Deprived of photosynthates, E. viridis could accelerate the breakdown of kleptoplasts in the dark to satisfy its’ energy requirements.
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158
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Khanal N, Bray GE, Grisnich A, Moffatt BA, Gray GR. Differential Mechanisms of Photosynthetic Acclimation to Light and Low Temperature in Arabidopsis and the Extremophile Eutrema salsugineum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E32. [PMID: 28792470 PMCID: PMC5620588 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are able to sense energy imbalances brought about by the overexcitation of photosystem II (PSII) through the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, estimated as the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter 1-qL, also known as PSII excitation pressure. Plants employ a wide array of photoprotective processes that modulate photosynthesis to correct these energy imbalances. Low temperature and light are well established in their ability to modulate PSII excitation pressure. The acquisition of freezing tolerance requires growth and development a low temperature (cold acclimation) which predisposes the plant to photoinhibition. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation is essential for proper energy balancing during the cold acclimation process. Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea) is an extremophile, a close relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, but possessing much higher constitutive levels of tolerance to abiotic stress. This comparative study aimed to characterize the photosynthetic properties of Arabidopsis (Columbia accession) and two accessions of Eutrema (Yukon and Shandong) isolated from contrasting geographical locations at cold acclimating and non-acclimating conditions. In addition, three different growth regimes were utilized that varied in temperature, photoperiod and irradiance which resulted in different levels of PSII excitation pressure. This study has shown that these accessions interact differentially to instantaneous (measuring) and long-term (acclimation) changes in PSII excitation pressure with regard to their photosynthetic behaviour. Eutrema accessions contained a higher amount of photosynthetic pigments, showed higher oxidation of P700 and possessed more resilient photoprotective mechanisms than that of Arabidopsis, perhaps through the prevention of PSI acceptor-limitation. Upon comparison of the two Eutrema accessions, Shandong demonstrated the greatest PSII operating efficiency (ΦPSII) and P700 oxidizing capacity, while Yukon showed greater growth plasticity to irradiance. Both of these Eutrema accessions are able to photosynthetically acclimate but do so by different mechanisms. The Shandong accessions demonstrate a stable response, favouring energy partitioning to photochemistry while the Yukon accession shows a more rapid response with partitioning to other (non-photochemical) strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityananda Khanal
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Geoffrey E Bray
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Anna Grisnich
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Barbara A Moffatt
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Gordon R Gray
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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159
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MacNeill GJ, Mehrpouyan S, Minow MAA, Patterson JA, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ. Starch as a source, starch as a sink: the bifunctional role of starch in carbon allocation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4433-4453. [PMID: 28981786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Starch commands a central role in the carbon budget of the majority of plants on earth, and its biological role changes during development and in response to the environment. Throughout the life of a plant, starch plays a dual role in carbon allocation, acting as both a source, releasing carbon reserves in leaves for growth and development, and as a sink, either as a dedicated starch store in its own right (in seeds and tubers), or as a temporary reserve of carbon contributing to sink strength, in organs such as flowers, fruits, and developing non-starchy seeds. The presence of starch in tissues and organs thus has a profound impact on the physiology of the growing plant as its synthesis and degradation governs the availability of free sugars, which in turn control various growth and developmental processes. This review attempts to summarize the large body of information currently available on starch metabolism and its relationship to wider aspects of carbon metabolism and plant nutrition. It highlights gaps in our knowledge and points to research areas that show promise for bioengineering and manipulation of starch metabolism in order to achieve more desirable phenotypes such as increased yield or plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J MacNeill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sahar Mehrpouyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mark A A Minow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jenelle A Patterson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael J Emes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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160
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Chukhutsina VU, Fristedt R, Morosinotto T, Croce R. Photoprotection strategies of the alga Nannochloropsis gaditana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:544-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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161
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Exposito-Rodriguez M, Laissue PP, Yvon-Durocher G, Smirnoff N, Mullineaux PM. Photosynthesis-dependent H 2O 2 transfer from chloroplasts to nuclei provides a high-light signalling mechanism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:49. [PMID: 28663550 PMCID: PMC5491514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts communicate information by signalling to nuclei during acclimation to fluctuating light. Several potential operating signals originating from chloroplasts have been proposed, but none have been shown to move to nuclei to modulate gene expression. One proposed signal is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by chloroplasts in a light-dependent manner. Using HyPer2, a genetically encoded fluorescent H2O2 sensor, we show that in photosynthetic Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells, exposure to high light increases H2O2 production in chloroplast stroma, cytosol and nuclei. Critically, over-expression of stromal ascorbate peroxidase (H2O2 scavenger) or treatment with DCMU (photosynthesis inhibitor) attenuates nuclear H2O2 accumulation and high light-responsive gene expression. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase over-expression has little effect on nuclear H2O2 accumulation and high light-responsive gene expression. This is because the H2O2 derives from a sub-population of chloroplasts closely associated with nuclei. Therefore, direct H2O2 transfer from chloroplasts to nuclei, avoiding the cytosol, enables photosynthetic control over gene expression.Multiple plastid-derived signals have been proposed but not shown to move to the nucleus to promote plant acclimation to fluctuating light. Here the authors use a fluorescent hydrogen peroxide sensor to provide evidence that H2O2 is transferred directly from chloroplasts to nuclei to control nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Exposito-Rodriguez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Philip M Mullineaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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162
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Flori S, Jouneau PH, Bailleul B, Gallet B, Estrozi LF, Moriscot C, Bastien O, Eicke S, Schober A, Bártulos CR, Maréchal E, Kroth PG, Petroutsos D, Zeeman S, Breyton C, Schoehn G, Falconet D, Finazzi G. Plastid thylakoid architecture optimizes photosynthesis in diatoms. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28631733 PMCID: PMC5481826 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a unique process that allows independent colonization of the land by plants and of the oceans by phytoplankton. Although the photosynthesis process is well understood in plants, we are still unlocking the mechanisms evolved by phytoplankton to achieve extremely efficient photosynthesis. Here, we combine biochemical, structural and in vivo physiological studies to unravel the structure of the plastid in diatoms, prominent marine eukaryotes. Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses reveal segregation of photosynthetic complexes in the loosely stacked thylakoid membranes typical of diatoms. Separation of photosystems within subdomains minimizes their physical contacts, as required for improved light utilization. Chloroplast 3D reconstruction and in vivo spectroscopy show that these subdomains are interconnected, ensuring fast equilibration of electron carriers for efficient optimum photosynthesis. Thus, diatoms and plants have converged towards a similar functional distribution of the photosystems although via different thylakoid architectures, which likely evolved independently in the land and the ocean. Phytoplankton and plant plastids have distinct evolutionary origins and membrane organization. Here Flori et al. show that diatom photosynthetic complexes spatially segregate into interconnected subdomains within loose thylakoid stacks enabling fast diffusion of electron carriers and efficient photosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Flori
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- Laboratoire d'Etudes des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures, CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble Cédex 9, France
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), UMR 7141, CNRS and Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Gallet
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Leandro F Estrozi
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Moriscot
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Bastien
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Simona Eicke
- Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schober
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Eric Maréchal
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Zeeman
- Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Breyton
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- CNRS, UMR 5075 CNRS, CEA, UGA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), CEA-Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
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163
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Sawyer A, Bai Y, Lu Y, Hemschemeier A, Happe T. Compartmentalisation of [FeFe]-hydrogenase maturation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1134-1143. [PMID: 28295776 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2 ) can be produced in green microalgae by [FeFe]-hydrogenases as a direct product of photosynthesis. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydrogenase HYDA1 contains a catalytic site comprising a classic [4Fe4S] cluster linked to a unique 2Fe sub-cluster. From in vitro studies it appears that the [4Fe4S] cluster is incorporated first by the housekeeping FeS cluster assembly machinery, followed by the 2Fe sub-cluster, whose biosynthesis requires the specific maturases HYDEF and HYDG. To investigate the maturation process in vivo, we expressed HYDA1 from the C. reinhardtii chloroplast and nuclear genomes (with and without a chloroplast transit peptide) in a hydrogenase-deficient mutant strain, and examined the cellular enzymatic hydrogenase activity, as well as in vivo H2 production. The transformants expressing HYDA1 from the chloroplast genome displayed levels of H2 production comparable to the wild type, as did the transformants expressing full-length HYDA1 from the nuclear genome. In contrast, cells equipped with cytoplasm-targeted HYDA1 produced inactive enzyme, which could only be activated in vitro after reconstitution of the [4Fe4S] cluster. This indicates that the HYDA1 FeS cluster can only be built by the chloroplastic FeS cluster assembly machinery. Further, the expression of a bacterial hydrogenase gene, CPI, from the C. reinhardtii chloroplast genome resulted in H2 -producing strains, demonstrating that a hydrogenase with a very different structure can fulfil the role of HYDA1 in vivo and that overexpression of foreign hydrogenases in C. reinhardtii is possible. All chloroplast transformants were stable and no toxic effects were seen from HYDA1 or CPI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sawyer
- AG Photobiotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yu Bai
- AG Photobiotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Anja Hemschemeier
- AG Photobiotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Happe
- AG Photobiotechnologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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164
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Caspari OD, Meyer MT, Tolleter D, Wittkopp TM, Cunniffe NJ, Lawson T, Grossman AR, Griffiths H. Pyrenoid loss in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii causes limitations in CO2 supply, but not thylakoid operating efficiency. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3903-3913. [PMID: 28911055 PMCID: PMC5853600 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The pyrenoid of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a microcompartment situated in the centre of the cup-shaped chloroplast, containing up to 90% of cellular Rubisco. Traversed by a network of dense, knotted thylakoid tubules, the pyrenoid has been proposed to influence thylakoid biogenesis and ultrastructure. Mutants that are unable to assemble a pyrenoid matrix, due to expressing a vascular plant version of the Rubisco small subunit, exhibit severe growth and photosynthetic defects and have an ineffective carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM). The present study set out to determine the cause of photosynthetic limitation in these pyrenoid-less lines. We tested whether electron transport and light use were compromised as a direct structural consequence of pyrenoid loss or as a metabolic effect downstream of lower CCM activity and resulting CO2 limitation. Thylakoid organization was unchanged in the mutants, including the retention of intrapyrenoid-type thylakoid tubules, and photosynthetic limitations associated with the absence of the pyrenoid were rescued by exposing cells to elevated CO2 levels. These results demonstrate that Rubisco aggregation in the pyrenoid functions as an essential element for CO2 delivery as part of the CCM, and does not play other roles in maintenance of photosynthetic membrane energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Caspari
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Moritz T Meyer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dimitri Tolleter
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tyler M Wittkopp
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nik J Cunniffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Arthur R Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
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165
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Armbruster U, Correa Galvis V, Kunz HH, Strand DD. The regulation of the chloroplast proton motive force plays a key role for photosynthesis in fluctuating light. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:56-62. [PMID: 28426975 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants use sunlight as their primary energy source. During photosynthesis, absorbed light energy generates reducing power by driving electron transfer reactions. These are coupled to the transfer of protons into the thylakoid lumen, generating a proton motive force (pmf) required for ATP synthesis. Sudden alterations in light availability have to be met by regulatory mechanisms to avoid the over-accumulation of reactive intermediates and maximize energy efficiency. Here, the acidification of the lumen, as an intermediate product of photosynthesis, plays an important role by regulating photosynthesis in response to excitation energy levels. Recent findings reveal pmf regulation and the modulation of its composition as key determinants for efficient photosynthesis, plant growth, and survival in fluctuating light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Armbruster
- Regulation of Photosynthesis Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Viviana Correa Galvis
- Regulation of Photosynthesis Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Organelle Biology and Biotechnology Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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166
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Strand DD, Fisher N, Kramer DM. The higher plant plastid NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) is a high efficiency proton pump that increases ATP production by cyclic electron flow. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11850-11860. [PMID: 28559282 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF) is critical for balancing the photosynthetic energy budget of the chloroplast by generating ATP without net production of NADPH. We demonstrate that the chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase complex, a homolog to respiratory Complex I, pumps approximately two protons from the chloroplast stroma to the lumen per electron transferred from ferredoxin to plastoquinone, effectively increasing the efficiency of ATP production via CEF by 2-fold compared with CEF pathways involving non-proton-pumping plastoquinone reductases. By virtue of this proton-pumping stoichiometry, we hypothesize that NADPH dehydrogenase not only efficiently contributes to ATP production but operates near thermodynamic reversibility, with potentially important consequences for remediating mismatches in the thylakoid energy budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deserah D Strand
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - Nicholas Fisher
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - David M Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823.
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167
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Osanai T, Park YI, Nakamura Y. Editorial: Biotechnology of Microalgae, Based on Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Eukaryotic Algae and Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:118. [PMID: 28203229 PMCID: PMC5285351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica Taipei, Taiwan
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168
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Araniti F, Sánchez-Moreiras AM, Graña E, Reigosa MJ, Abenavoli MR. Terpenoid trans-caryophyllene inhibits weed germination and induces plant water status alteration and oxidative damage in adult Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:79-89. [PMID: 27173056 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
trans-Caryophyllene (TC) is a sesquiterpene commonly found as volatile component in many different aromatic plants. Although the phytotoxic effects of trans-caryophyllene on seedling growth are relatively explored, not many information is available regarding the phytotoxicity of this sesquiterpenes on weed germination and on adult plants. The phytotoxic potential of TC was assayed in vitro on weed germination and seedling growth to validate its phytotoxic potential on weed species. Moreover, it was assayed on the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana adult plants, through two different application ways, spraying and watering, in order to establish the primary affected organ and to deal with the unknown mobility of the compound. The results clearly indicated that TC inhibited both seed germination and root growth, as demonstrated by comparison of the ED50 values. Moreover, although trans-caryophyllene-sprayed adult Arabidopsis plants did not show any effect, trans-caryophyllene-watered plants became strongly affected. The results suggested that root uptake was a key step for the effectiveness of this natural compound and its phytotoxicity on adult plants was mainly due to the alteration of plant water status accompanied by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Araniti
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Facoltà di Agraria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - E Graña
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - M J Reigosa
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - M R Abenavoli
- Dipartimento di AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Facoltà di Agraria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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169
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du Plessis K, Young PR, Eyéghé-Bickong HA, Vivier MA. The Transcriptional Responses and Metabolic Consequences of Acclimation to Elevated Light Exposure in Grapevine Berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1261. [PMID: 28775728 PMCID: PMC5518647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of field studies that focus on grapevine berry development and ripening implement systems biology approaches; the results are highlighting not only the intricacies of the developmental programming/reprogramming that occurs, but also the complexity of how profoundly the microclimate influences the metabolism of the berry throughout the different stages of development. In a previous study we confirmed that a leaf removal treatment to Sauvignon Blanc grapes, grown in a highly characterized vineyard, primarily affected the level of light exposure to the berries throughout their development. A full transcriptomic analysis of berries from this model vineyard details the underlying molecular responses of the berries in reaction to the exposure and show how the berries acclimated to the imposing light stress. Gene expression involved in the protection of the photosynthetic machinery through rapid protein-turnover and the expression of photoprotective flavonoid compounds were most significantly affected in green berries. Overall, the transcriptome analysis showed that the berries implemented multiple stress-mitigation strategies in parallel and metabolite analysis was used to support the main findings. Combining the transcriptome data and amino acid profiling provided evidence that amino acid catabolism probably contributed to the mitigation of a likely energetic deficit created by the upregulation of (energetically) costly stress defense mechanisms. Furthermore, the rapid turnover of essential proteins involved in the maintenance of primary metabolism and growth in the photosynthetically active grapes appeared to provide precursors for the production of protective secondary metabolites such as apocarotenoids and flavonols in the ripening stages of the berries. Taken together, these results confirmed that the green grape berries responded to light stress much like other vegetative organs and were able to acclimate to the increased exposure, managing their metabolism and energy requirements to sustain the developmental cycle toward ripening. The typical metabolic consequences of leaf removal on grape berries can therefore now be linked to increased light exposure through mechanisms of photoprotection in green berries that leads toward acclimation responses that remain intact until ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari du Plessis
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Philip R. Young
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hans A. Eyéghé-Bickong
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch, South Africa
- Institute for Grape and Wine Sciences, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Melané A. Vivier
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Melané A. Vivier
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170
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Bieri P, Leibundgut M, Saurer M, Boehringer D, Ban N. The complete structure of the chloroplast 70S ribosome in complex with translation factor pY. EMBO J 2016; 36:475-486. [PMID: 28007896 PMCID: PMC5694952 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are cellular organelles of plants and algae that are responsible for energy conversion and carbon fixation by the photosynthetic reaction. As a consequence of their endosymbiotic origin, they still contain their own genome and the machinery for protein biosynthesis. Here, we present the atomic structure of the chloroplast 70S ribosome prepared from spinach leaves and resolved by cryo‐EM at 3.4 Å resolution. The complete structure reveals the features of the 4.5S rRNA, which probably evolved by the fragmentation of the 23S rRNA, and all five plastid‐specific ribosomal proteins. These proteins, required for proper assembly and function of the chloroplast translation machinery, bind and stabilize rRNA including regions that only exist in the chloroplast ribosome. Furthermore, the structure reveals plastid‐specific extensions of ribosomal proteins that extensively remodel the mRNA entry and exit site on the small subunit as well as the polypeptide tunnel exit and the putative binding site of the signal recognition particle on the large subunit. The translation factor pY, involved in light‐ and temperature‐dependent control of protein synthesis, is bound to the mRNA channel of the small subunit and interacts with 16S rRNA nucleotides at the A‐site and P‐site, where it protects the decoding centre and inhibits translation by preventing tRNA binding. The small subunit is locked by pY in a non‐rotated state, in which the intersubunit bridges to the large subunit are stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Bieri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Leibundgut
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Saurer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Boehringer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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171
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Van Dingenen J, Blomme J, Gonzalez N, Inzé D. Plants grow with a little help from their organelle friends. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6267-6281. [PMID: 27815330 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are indispensable for plant development. They not only provide energy and carbon sources to cells, but also have evolved to become major players in a variety of processes such as amino acid metabolism, hormone biosynthesis and cellular signalling. As semi-autonomous organelles, they contain a small genome that relies largely on nuclear factors for its maintenance and expression. An intensive crosstalk between the nucleus and the organelles is therefore essential to ensure proper functioning, and the nuclear genes encoding organellar proteins involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation are obviously crucial for plant growth. Organ growth is determined by two main cellular processes: cell proliferation and cell expansion. Here, we review how plant growth is affected in mutants of organellar proteins that are differentially expressed during leaf and root development. Our findings indicate a clear role for organellar proteins in plant organ growth, primarily during cell proliferation. However, to date, the role of the nuclear-encoded organellar proteins in the cellular processes driving organ growth has not been investigated in much detail. We therefore encourage researchers to extend their phenotypic characterization beyond macroscopic features in order to get a better view on how chloroplasts and mitochondria regulate the basic processes of cell proliferation and cell expansion, essential to driving growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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172
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Mishanin VI, Trubitsin BV, Benkov MA, Minin AA, Tikhonov AN. Light acclimation of shade-tolerant and light-resistant Tradescantia species: induction of chlorophyll a fluorescence and P 700 photooxidation, expression of PsbS and Lhcb1 proteins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:275-291. [PMID: 27037825 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have compared photosynthetic performance and expression of the PsbS and Lhcb1 proteins in two contrast ecotypes of Tradescantia species, T. fluminensis (shade-tolerant) and T. sillamontana (light-resistant), grown at two intensities of light: 50-125 μmol photons m-2 s-1 (low light, LL) and 875-1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1 (high light, HL). Using the EPR method for measuring the P700 content, we have found that LL-grown plants of both species have higher (by a factor of ≈1.7-1.8) contents of PSI per fresh weight unit as compared to HL-grown plants. Acclimation of plants to LL or HL irradiation also influences the Chl(a + b) level and expression of the PsbS and Lhcb1 proteins. Immunoblotting analysis showed that acclimation to HL stimulates (by a factor of ≈1.7-1.8) the level of PsbS related to the total number of P700 centers. In light-resistant species T. sillamontana, the ratio PsbS/P700 is about 2-times higher than in shade-tolerant species T. fluminensis grown under the same conditions. This should enhance the capacity of their leaves for protection against the light stress. In agreement with these observations, the capacity of leaves for NPQ induction was enhanced during plant acclimation to HL. Kinetic studies of P700 photooxidation and light-induced changes in the yield of Chl a fluorescence also revealed that the short-term regulation of electron transport processes in chloroplasts, which manifested themselves in the kinetics of [Formula: see text] induction and the rate of Chl a fluorescence quenching, occurred more rapidly in HL-grown plants than in LL-grown plants. Thus, both factors, enhanced expression of PsbS and more rapid response of the photosynthetic electron transport chain to dark-to-light transitions should increase the capacity of HL-grown plants for their resistance to rapid fluctuations of solar light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael A Benkov
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei A Minin
- N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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173
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Dinitrogenase-Driven Photobiological Hydrogen Production Combats Oxidative Stress in Cyanothece sp. Strain ATCC 51142. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:7227-7235. [PMID: 27742679 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02098-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiologically synthesized hydrogen (H2) gas is carbon neutral to produce and clean to combust, making it an ideal biofuel. Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142 is a cyanobacterium capable of performing simultaneous oxygenic photosynthesis and H2 production, a highly perplexing phenomenon because H2 evolving enzymes are O2 sensitive. We employed a system-level in vivo chemoproteomic profiling approach to explore the cellular dynamics of protein thiol redox and how thiol redox mediates the function of the dinitrogenase NifHDK, an enzyme complex capable of aerobic hydrogenase activity. We found that NifHDK responds to intracellular redox conditions and may act as an emergency electron valve to prevent harmful reactive oxygen species formation in concert with other cell strategies for maintaining redox homeostasis. These results provide new insight into cellular redox dynamics useful for advancing photolytic bioenergy technology and reveal a new understanding for the biological function of NifHDK. IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrate that high levels of hydrogen synthesis can be induced as a protection mechanism against oxidative stress via the dinitrogenase enzyme complex in Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142. This is a previously unknown feature of cyanobacterial dinitrogenase, and we anticipate that it may represent a strategy to exploit cyanobacteria for efficient and scalable hydrogen production. We utilized a chemoproteomic approach to capture the in situ dynamics of reductant partitioning within the cell, revealing proteins and reactive thiols that may be involved in redox sensing and signaling. Additionally, this method is widely applicable across biological systems to achieve a greater understanding of how cells navigate their environment and how redox chemistry can be utilized to alter metabolism and achieve homeostasis.
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174
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Noshi M, Yamada H, Hatanaka R, Tanabe N, Tamoi M, Shigeoka S. Arabidopsis dehydroascorbate reductase 1 and 2 modulate redox states of ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the cytosol in response to photooxidative stress. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:523-533. [PMID: 27852156 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1256759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate and glutathione are indispensable cellular redox buffers and allow plants to acclimate stressful conditions. Arabidopsis contains three functional dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR1-3), which catalyzes the conversion of dehydroascorbate into its reduced form using glutathione as a reductant. We herein attempted to elucidate the physiological role in DHAR1 and DHAR2 in stress responses. The total DHAR activities in DHAR knockout Arabidopsis plants, dhar1 and dhar2, were 22 and 92%, respectively, that in wild-type leaves. Under high light (HL), the levels of total ascorbate and dehydroascorbate were only reduced and increased, respectively, in dhar1. The oxidation of glutathione under HL was significantly inhibited in both dhar1 and dhar2, while glutathione contents were only enhanced in dhar1. The dhar1 showed stronger visible symptoms than the dhar2 under photooxidative stress conditions. Our results demonstrated a pivotal role of DHAR1 in the modulation of cellular redox states under photooxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Noshi
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Risa Hatanaka
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , Nara , Japan
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175
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Zhang D, Zhang QS, Yang XQ, Sheng ZT, Nan GN. The alternation between PSII and PSI in ivy (Hedera nepalensis) demonstrated by in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence and modulated 820 nm reflection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:499-506. [PMID: 27592174 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To examine the coordination between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) in response to varying environmental conditions, both diurnal fluctuations and seasonal variability of photosynthetic electron transport activity in ivy (Hedera nepalensis, Araliaceae) were investigated: by measuring prompt fluorescence, delayed fluorescence (DF) and modulated reflection of 820 nm light (MR). During diurnal fluctuations, the PSII electron donor side was damaged, as evidenced by decreases of the fast amplitude of DF decay kinetics at I1, although there was no significant change in relative variable fluorescence at K-step to amplitude of FJ - Fo. Decreases in the maximum photochemical efficiency (i.e., PSII photoinactivation) were accompanied by an increased maximum decrease in the slope of MR/MRo (i.e., PSI photoactivation). Subsequently, PSII recovery and PSI relaxation occurred in the afternoon. Throughout the season, alternations between PSII and PSI were also suggested by the down-regulation of PSII and the up-regulation of PSI from summer to winter. Significant negative linear correlations between the activity of PSII and PSI across both diurnal fluctuations and seasonal variability were verified by correlation analyses. In addition, PSI was active throughout the year, suggesting PSI is independent from high temperatures. High PSI activity may maintain the functional integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus in overwintering ivy. The alternation between PSII and PSI activity may regulate the distribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems and balance the redox state of the electron transport change, thereby enabling ivy to respond to varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | | | - Xiao Qi Yang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Zi Tong Sheng
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Guo Ning Nan
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
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176
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Hüner NPA, Dahal K, Bode R, Kurepin LV, Ivanov AG. Photosynthetic acclimation, vernalization, crop productivity and 'the grand design of photosynthesis'. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:29-43. [PMID: 27185597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Daniel Arnon first proposed the notion of a 'grand design of photosynthesis' in 1982 to illustrate the central role of photosynthesis as the primary energy transformer for all life on Earth. However, we suggest that this concept can be extended to the broad impact of photosynthesis not only in global energy transformation but also in the regulation of plant growth, development, survival and crop productivity through chloroplast redox signalling. We compare and contrast the role of chloroplast redox imbalance, measured as excitation pressure, in governing acclimation to abiotic stress and phenotypic plasticity. Although all photoautrophs sense excessive excitation energy through changes in excitation pressure, the response to this chloroplast redox signal is species dependent. Due to a limited capacity to adjust metabolic sinks, cyanobacteria and green algae induce photoprotective mechanisms which dissipate excess excitation energy at a cost of decreased photosynthetic performance. In contrast, terrestrial, cold tolerant plants such as wheat enhance metabolic sink capacity which leads to enhanced photosynthetic performance and biomass accumulation with minimal dependence on photoprotection. We suggest that the family of nuclear C-repeat binding transcription factors (CBFs) associated with the frost resistance locus, FR2, contiguous with the vernalization locus,VRN1, and mapped to chromosome 5A of wheat, may be critical components that link leaf chloroplast redox regulation to enhanced photosynthetic performance, the accumulation of growth-active gibberellins and the dwarf phenotype during cold acclimation prior to the vegetative to reproductive transition controlled by vernalization in winter cereals. Further genetic, molecular and biochemical research to confirm these links and to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which chloroplast redox modulation of CBF expression leads to enhanced photosynthetic performance is required. Because of the superior abiotic stress tolerance of cold tolerant winter wheat and seed yields that historically exceed those of spring wheat by 30-40%, we discuss the potential to exploit winter cereals for the maintenance or perhaps even the enhancement of cereal productivity under future climate change scenarios that will be required to feed a growing human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rainer Bode
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid V Kurepin
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
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177
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A blue-light photoreceptor mediates the feedback regulation of photosynthesis. Nature 2016; 537:563-566. [PMID: 27626383 DOI: 10.1038/nature19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In plants and algae, light serves both as the energy source for photosynthesis and a biological signal that triggers cellular responses via specific sensory photoreceptors. Red light is perceived by bilin-containing phytochromes and blue light by the flavin-containing cryptochromes and/or phototropins (PHOTs), the latter containing two photosensory light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains. Photoperception spans several orders of light intensity, ranging from far below the threshold for photosynthesis to values beyond the capacity of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. Excess light may cause oxidative damage and cell death, processes prevented by enhanced thermal dissipation via high-energy quenching (qE), a key photoprotective response. Here we show the existence of a molecular link between photoreception, photosynthesis, and photoprotection in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We show that PHOT controls qE by inducing the expression of the qE effector protein LHCSR3 (light-harvesting complex stress-related protein 3) in high light intensities. This control requires blue-light perception by LOV domains on PHOT, LHCSR3 induction through PHOT kinase, and light dissipation in photosystem II via LHCSR3. Mutants deficient in the PHOT gene display severely reduced fitness under excessive light conditions, indicating that the sensing, utilization, and dissipation of light is a concerted process that plays a vital role in microalgal acclimation to environments of variable light intensities.
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178
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Suzuki S, Ishida KI, Hirakawa Y. Diurnal Transcriptional Regulation of Endosymbiotically Derived Genes in the Chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2672-82. [PMID: 27503292 PMCID: PMC5635652 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorarachniophyte algae possess complex plastids acquired by the secondary endosymbiosis of a green alga, and the plastids harbor a relict nucleus of the endosymbiont, the so-called nucleomorph. Due to massive gene transfer from the endosymbiont to the host, many proteins involved in plastid and nucleomorph are encoded by the nuclear genome. Genome sequences have provided a blueprint for the fate of endosymbiotically derived genes; however, transcriptional regulation of these genes remains poorly understood. To gain insight into the evolution of endosymbiotic genes, we performed genome-wide transcript profiling along the cell cycle of the chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans, synchronized by light and dark cycles. Our comparative analyses demonstrated that transcript levels of 7,751 nuclear genes (35.7% of 21,706 genes) significantly oscillated along the diurnal/cell cycles, and those included 780 and 147 genes for putative plastid and nucleomorph-targeted proteins, respectively. Clustering analysis of those genes revealed the existence of transcriptional networks related to specific biological processes such as photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, translation, and DNA replication. Interestingly, transcripts of many plastid-targeted proteins in B. natans were induced before dawn, unlike other photosynthetic organisms. In contrast to nuclear genes, 99% nucleomorph genes were found to be constitutively expressed during the cycles. We also found that the nucleomorph DNA replication would be controlled by a nucleus-encoded viral-like DNA polymerase. The results of this study suggest that nucleomorph genes have lost transcriptional regulation along the diurnal cycles, and nuclear genes exert control over the complex plastid including the nucleomorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekatsu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Ishida
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirakawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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179
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Leister D. Photosynthesis: Complex flexibilities. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:16135. [PMID: 27595658 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology group, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany (LMU) and at the SFB-TR 175 (the green hub - central integrator of acclimation in plants), Germany
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180
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A Nucleus-Encoded Chloroplast Protein YL1 Is Involved in Chloroplast Development and Efficient Biogenesis of Chloroplast ATP Synthase in Rice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32295. [PMID: 27585744 PMCID: PMC5009372 DOI: 10.1038/srep32295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast ATP synthase (cpATPase) is an importance thylakoid membrane-associated photosynthetic complex involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. In this study, we isolated and characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant yellow leaf 1 (yl1), which exhibits chlorotic leaves throughout developmental stages. The YL1 mutation showed reduced chlorophyll contents, abnormal chloroplast morphology, and decreased photochemical efficiency. Moreover, YL1 deficiency disrupts the expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and photosynthesis. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed that YL1 is a nucleus-encoded protein with a predicted transmembrane domain in its carboxyl-terminus that is conserved in the higher plant kingdom. YL1 localizes to chloroplasts and is preferentially expressed in green tissues containing chloroplasts. Immunoblot analyses showed that inactivation of YL1 leads to drastically reduced accumulation of AtpA (α) and AtpB (β), two core subunits of CF1αβ subcomplex of cpATPase, meanwhile, a severe decrease (ca. 41.7%) in cpATPase activity was observed in the yl1-1 mutant compared with the wild type. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed a specific interaction between YL1 and AtpB subunit of cpATPase. Taken together, our results suggest that YL1 is a plant lineage-specific auxiliary factor involved in the biogenesis of the cpATPase complex, possibly via interacting with the β-subunit.
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181
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Ooms MD, Dinh CT, Sargent EH, Sinton D. Photon management for augmented photosynthesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12699. [PMID: 27581187 PMCID: PMC5025804 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are some of nature's finest examples of solar energy conversion systems, effortlessly transforming inorganic carbon into complex molecules through photosynthesis. The efficiency of energy-dense hydrocarbon production by photosynthetic organisms is determined in part by the light collected by the microorganisms. Therefore, optical engineering has the potential to increase the productivity of algae cultivation systems used for industrial-scale biofuel synthesis. Herein, we explore and report emerging and promising material science and engineering innovations for augmenting microalgal photosynthesis. Photosynthetic microalgae could provide an ecologically sustainable route to produce solar biofuels and high-value chemicals. Here, the authors review various optical management strategies used to manipulate the incident light in order to increase the efficiency of microalgae biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Ooms
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 Kings College Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3G8
| | - Cao Thang Dinh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3G4
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3G4
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 Kings College Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3G8
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182
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Meneghesso A, Simionato D, Gerotto C, La Rocca N, Finazzi G, Morosinotto T. Photoacclimation of photosynthesis in the Eustigmatophycean Nannochloropsis gaditana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:291-305. [PMID: 27448115 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis is an eukaryotic alga of the phylum Heterokonta, originating from a secondary endosymbiotic event. In this work, we investigated how the photosynthetic apparatus responds to growth in different light regimes in Nannochloropsis gaditana. We found that intense illumination induces the decrease of both photosystem I and II contents and their respective antenna sizes. Cells grown in high light showed a larger capacity for electron transport, with enhanced cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, contributing to photoprotection from excess illumination. Even when exposed to excess light intensities for several days, N. gaditana cells did not activate constitutive responses such as nonphotochemical quenching and the xanthophyll cycle. These photoprotection mechanisms in N. gaditana thus play a role in acclimation to fast changes in illumination within a time range of minutes, while regulation of the electron flow capacity represents a long-term response to prolonged exposure to excess light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Meneghesso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Simionato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Gerotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant (iRTSV), CEA Grenoble, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy.
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183
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Liu F, Xu Y, Han G, Zhou L, Ali A, Zhu S, Li X. Molecular Evolution and Genetic Variation of G2-Like Transcription Factor Genes in Maize. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161763. [PMID: 27560803 PMCID: PMC4999087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) depends on the development of chloroplasts, and G2-like transcription factors play a central role in regulating chloroplast development. In this study, we identified 59 G2-like genes in the B73 maize genome and systematically analyzed these genes at the molecular and evolutionary levels. Based on gene structure character, motif compositions and phylogenetic analysis, maize G2-like genes (ZmG1- ZmG59) were divided into seven groups (I-VII). By synteny analysis, 18 collinear gene pairs and strongly conserved microsyntny among regions hosting G2-like genes across maize and sorghum were found. Here, we showed that the vast majority of ZmG gene duplications resulted from whole genome duplication events rather than tandem duplications. After gene duplication events, some ZmG genes were silenced. The functions of G2-like genes were multifarious and most genes that are expressed in green tissues may relate to maize photosynthesis. The qRT-PCR showed that the expression of these genes was sensitive to low temperature and drought. Furthermore, we analyzed differences of ZmGs specific to cultivars in temperate and tropical regions at the population level. Interestingly, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed that nucleotide polymorphism associated with different temperature zones. Above all, G2-like genes were highly conserved during evolution, but polymorphism could be caused due to a different geographical location. Moreover, G2-like genes might be related to cold and drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guomin Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Asif Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Suwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- * E-mail:
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184
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Singh SK, Hasan SS, Zakharov SD, Naurin S, Cohn W, Ma J, Whitelegge JP, Cramer WA. Trans-membrane Signaling in Photosynthetic State Transitions: REDOX- AND STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT INTERACTION IN VITRO BETWEEN STT7 KINASE AND THE CYTOCHROME b6f COMPLEX. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21740-21750. [PMID: 27539852 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-membrane signaling involving a serine/threonine kinase (Stt7 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) directs light energy distribution between the two photosystems of oxygenic photosynthesis. Oxidation of plastoquinol mediated by the cytochrome b6f complex on the electrochemically positive side of the thylakoid membrane activates the kinase domain of Stt7 on the trans (negative) side, leading to phosphorylation and redistribution ("state transition") of the light-harvesting chlorophyll proteins between the two photosystems. The molecular description of the Stt7 kinase and its interaction with the cytochrome b6f complex are unknown or unclear. In this study, Stt7 kinase has been cloned, expressed, and purified in a heterologous host. Stt7 kinase is shown to be active in vitro in the presence of reductant and purified as a tetramer, as determined by analytical ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, with a molecular weight of 332 kDa, consisting of an 83.41-kDa monomer. Far-UV circular dichroism spectra show Stt7 to be mostly α-helical and document a physical interaction with the b6f complex through increased thermal stability of Stt7 secondary structure. The activity of wild-type Stt7 and its Cys-Ser mutant at positions 68 and 73 in the presence of a reductant suggest that the enzyme does not require a disulfide bridge for its activity as suggested elsewhere. Kinase activation in vivo could result from direct interaction between Stt7 and the b6f complex or long-range reduction of Stt7 by superoxide, known to be generated in the b6f complex by quinol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Whitaker Cohn
- the Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, NPI-Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - Jia Ma
- Biophysical Analysis Laboratory, Bindley Bioscience Center,Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 and
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- the Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, NPI-Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
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185
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Curien G, Flori S, Villanova V, Magneschi L, Giustini C, Forti G, Matringe M, Petroutsos D, Kuntz M, Finazzi G. The Water to Water Cycles in Microalgae. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1354-1363. [PMID: 26955846 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, light produces ATP plus NADPH via linear electron transfer, i.e. the in-series activity of the two photosystems: PSI and PSII. This process, however, is thought not to be sufficient to provide enough ATP per NADPH for carbon assimilation in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Thus, it is assumed that additional ATP can be generated by alternative electron pathways. These circuits produce an electrochemical proton gradient without NADPH synthesis, and, although they often represent a small proportion of the linear electron flow, they could have a huge importance in optimizing CO2 assimilation. In Viridiplantae, there is a consensus that alternative electron flow comprises cyclic electron flow around PSI and the water to water cycles. The latter processes include photosynthetic O2 reduction via the Mehler reaction at PSI, the plastoquinone terminal oxidase downstream of PSII, photorespiration (the oxygenase activity of Rubisco) and the export of reducing equivalents towards the mitochondrial oxidases, through the malate shuttle. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of the water to water cycles in photosynthesis, with a special focus on their occurrence and physiological roles in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Curien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Serena Flori
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | | | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Cécile Giustini
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Giorgio Forti
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michel Matringe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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186
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Albanese P, Manfredi M, Meneghesso A, Marengo E, Saracco G, Barber J, Morosinotto T, Pagliano C. Dynamic reorganization of photosystem II supercomplexes in response to variations in light intensities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1651-60. [PMID: 27378191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms and need to acclimate to ever-changing light conditions in order to survive. These changes trigger a dynamic reorganization of the membrane protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes. Photosystem II (PSII) and its light harvesting system (LHCII) are the major target of this acclimation response, and accumulating evidences indicate that the amount and composition of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in thylakoids are dynamically adjusted in response to changes in light intensity and quality. In this study, we characterized the PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in thylakoid membranes of pea plants in response to long-term acclimation to different light intensities. We provide evidence of a reorganization of the PSII-LHCII supercomplexes showing distinct changes in their antenna moiety. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a specific reduction of Lhcb3, Lhcb6 and M-LHCII trimers bound to the PSII cores, while the Lhcb4.3 isoform increased in response to high light intensities. The modulation of Lhcb protein content correlates with the reduction of the functional PSII antenna size. These results suggest that the Lhcb3, Lhcb4.3 and Lhcb6 antenna subunits are major players in modulation of the PSII antenna size upon long-term acclimation to increased light levels. PsbS was not detected in the isolated PSII-LHCII supercomplexes at any light condition, despite an increased accumulation in thylakoids of high light acclimated plants, suggesting that PsbS is not a constitutive component of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Albanese
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121, Alessandria, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- ISALIT-Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Meneghesso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Saracco
- Center for Space Human Robotics IIT@POLITO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - James Barber
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Viale T. Michel 5, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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187
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Grieco M, Jain A, Ebersberger I, Teige M. An evolutionary view on thylakoid protein phosphorylation uncovers novel phosphorylation hotspots with potential functional implications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3883-96. [PMID: 27117338 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of photosynthetic light reactions by reversible protein phosphorylation is well established today, but functional studies have so far mostly been restricted to processes affecting light-harvesting complex II and the core proteins of photosystem II. Virtually no functional data are available on regulatory effects at the other photosynthetic complexes despite the identification of multiple phosphorylation sites. Therefore we summarize the available data from 50 published phospho-proteomics studies covering the main complexes involved in photosynthetic light reactions in the 'green lineage' (i.e. green algae and land plants) as well as its cyanobacterial counterparts. In addition, we performed an extensive orthologue search for the major photosynthetic thylakoid proteins in 41 sequenced genomes and generated sequence alignments to survey the phylogenetic distribution of phosphorylation sites and their evolutionary conservation from green algae to higher plants. We observed a number of uncharacterized phosphorylation hotspots at photosystem I and the ATP synthase with potential functional relevance as well as an unexpected divergence of phosphosites. Although technical limitations might account for a number of those differences, we think that many of these phosphosites have important functions. This is particularly important for mono- and dicot plants, where these sites might be involved in regulatory processes such as stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Grieco
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arpit Jain
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Anlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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188
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Taddei L, Stella GR, Rogato A, Bailleul B, Fortunato AE, Annunziata R, Sanges R, Thaler M, Lepetit B, Lavaud J, Jaubert M, Finazzi G, Bouly JP, Falciatore A. Multisignal control of expression of the LHCX protein family in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3939-51. [PMID: 27225826 PMCID: PMC4915529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are phytoplanktonic organisms that grow successfully in the ocean where light conditions are highly variable. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of light acclimation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum show that carotenoid de-epoxidation enzymes and LHCX1, a member of the light-harvesting protein family, both contribute to dissipate excess light energy through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In this study, we investigate the role of the other members of the LHCX family in diatom stress responses. Our analysis of available genomic data shows that the presence of multiple LHCX genes is a conserved feature of diatom species living in different ecological niches. Moreover, an analysis of the levels of four P. tricornutum LHCX transcripts in relation to protein expression and photosynthetic activity indicates that LHCXs are differentially regulated under different light intensities and nutrient starvation, mostly modulating NPQ capacity. We conclude that multiple abiotic stress signals converge to regulate the LHCX content of cells, providing a way to fine-tune light harvesting and photoprotection. Moreover, our data indicate that the expansion of the LHCX gene family reflects functional diversification of its members which could benefit cells responding to highly variable ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Taddei
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giulio Rocco Stella
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Emidio Fortunato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Rossella Annunziata
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Remo Sanges
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Thaler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Zukunftskolleg, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMI 3376 TAKUVIK, CNRS/Université Laval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marianne Jaubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, (BIG), CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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189
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Kmiecik P, Leonardelli M, Teige M. Novel connections in plant organellar signalling link different stress responses and signalling pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3793-807. [PMID: 27053718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To coordinate growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli, plant cells need to communicate the metabolic state between different sub-compartments of the cell. This requires signalling pathways, including protein kinases, secondary messengers such as Ca(2+) ions or reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as metabolites and plant hormones. The signalling networks involved have been intensively studied over recent decades and have been elaborated more or less in detail. However, it has become evident that these signalling networks are also tightly interconnected and often merge at common targets such as a distinct group of transcription factors, most prominently ABI4, which are amenable to regulation by phosphorylation, potentially also in a Ca(2+)- or ROS-dependent fashion. Moreover, the signalling pathways connect several organelles or subcellular compartments, not only in functional but also in physical terms, linking for example chloroplasts to the nucleus or peroxisomes to chloroplasts thereby enabling physical routes for signalling by metabolite exchange or even protein translocation. Here we briefly discuss these novel findings and try to connect them in order to point out the remaining questions and emerging developments in plant organellar signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Kmiecik
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Leonardelli
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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190
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Wang J, Yu Q, Xiong H, Wang J, Chen S, Yang Z, Dai S. Proteomic Insight into the Response of Arabidopsis Chloroplasts to Darkness. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154235. [PMID: 27137770 PMCID: PMC4854468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast function in photosynthesis is essential for plant growth and development. It is well-known that chloroplasts respond to various light conditions. However, it remains poorly understood about how chloroplasts respond to darkness. In this study, we found 81 darkness-responsive proteins in Arabidopsis chloroplasts under 8 h darkness treatment. Most of the proteins are nucleus-encoded, indicating that chloroplast darkness response is closely regulated by the nucleus. Among them, 17 ribosome proteins were obviously reduced after darkness treatment. The protein expressional patterns and physiological changes revealed the mechanisms in chloroplasts in response to darkness, e.g., (1) inhibition of photosystem II resulted in preferential cyclic electron flow around PSI; (2) promotion of starch degradation; (3) inhibition of chloroplastic translation; and (4) regulation by redox and jasmonate signaling. The results have improved our understanding of molecular regulatory mechanisms in chloroplasts under darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Mathematics, College of Mathematics and Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Plant Gene Function, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingbo Yu
- Institute of Plant Gene Function, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Xiong
- Institute of Plant Gene Function, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Mathematics, College of Mathematics and Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Zhongnan Yang
- Institute of Plant Gene Function, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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191
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Yamori W. Photosynthetic response to fluctuating environments and photoprotective strategies under abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:379-95. [PMID: 27023791 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants in natural environments must cope with diverse, highly dynamic, and unpredictable conditions. They have mechanisms to enhance the capture of light energy when light intensity is low, but they can also slow down photosynthetic electron transport to prevent the production of reactive oxygen species and consequent damage to the photosynthetic machinery under excess light. Plants need a highly responsive regulatory system to balance the photosynthetic light reactions with downstream metabolism. Various mechanisms of regulation of photosynthetic electron transport under stress have been proposed, however the data have been obtained mainly under environmentally stable and controlled conditions. Thus, our understanding of dynamic modulation of photosynthesis under dramatically fluctuating natural environments remains limited. In this review, first I describe the magnitude of environmental fluctuations under natural conditions. Next, I examine the effects of fluctuations in light intensity, CO2 concentration, leaf temperature, and relative humidity on dynamic photosynthesis. Finally, I summarize photoprotective strategies that allow plants to maintain the photosynthesis under stressful fluctuating environments. The present work clearly showed that fluctuation in various environmental factors resulted in reductions in photosynthetic rate in a stepwise manner at every environmental fluctuation, leading to the conclusion that fluctuating environments would have a large impact on photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1 Hongo, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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192
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Guihéneuf F, Khan A, Tran LSP. Genetic Engineering: A Promising Tool to Engender Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Stress Resilience in Green Microalgae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:400. [PMID: 27066043 PMCID: PMC4815356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As we march into the 21st century, the prevailing scenario of depleting energy resources, global warming and ever increasing issues of human health and food security will quadruple. In this context, genetic and metabolic engineering of green microalgae complete the quest toward a continuum of environmentally clean fuel and food production. Evolutionarily related, but unlike land plants, microalgae need nominal land or water, and are best described as unicellular autotrophs using light energy to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into algal biomass, mitigating fossil CO2 pollution in the process. Remarkably, a feature innate to most microalgae is synthesis and accumulation of lipids (60-65% of dry weight), carbohydrates and secondary metabolites like pigments and vitamins, especially when grown under abiotic stress conditions. Particularly fruitful, such an application of abiotic stress factors such as nitrogen starvation, salinity, heat shock, etc., can be used in a biorefinery concept for production of multiple valuable products. The focus of this mini-review underlies metabolic reorientation practices and tolerance mechanisms as applied to green microalgae under specific stress stimuli for a sustainable pollution-free future. Moreover, we entail current progress on genetic engineering as a promising tool to grasp adaptive processes for improving strains with potential biotechnological interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Guihéneuf
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Asif Khan
- Research Group Germline Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumi, Japan
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193
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Gruber K, Kräutler B. Coenzyme B12 Repurposed for Photoregulation of Gene Expression. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5638-40. [PMID: 27010518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Old cofactor, new tricks: In enzymes, coenzyme B12 has a well-known function as a radical initiator through homolysis of the Co-C bond. It has recently been shown that nature has repurposed this cofactor as a photosensitive switch for the regulation of bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis. Co-C bond breakage is again the key event in this process, triggering huge conformational changes in the B12 -binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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194
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Gruber K, Kräutler B. Coenzym B12- umfunktioniert für die Photoregulation der Genexpression. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Gruber
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften; Universität Graz; Humboldtstraße 50 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Zentrum für molekulare Biowissenschaften (CMBI); Universität Innsbruck; Innrain 80/82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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195
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Abstract
Oligoamides composed of anthranilic acid derivatives present a promising choice for mediating long-range charge transfer and controlling its directionality. Hole hopping, modulated by the anthranilamide (Aa) permanent dipoles, provides a plausible means for such rectified long-range charge transduction. All aliphatic and most aromatic amides, however, decompose upon oxidation, rendering them unacceptable for hole-hopping pathways. We, therefore, employ electrochemical and computational analysis to examine how to suppress oxidative degradation and stabilize the radical cations of N-acylated Aa derivatives. Our findings reveal two requirements for attaining long-lived radical cations of these aromatic amides: (1) keeping the reduction potentials for oxidizing the Aa residues under about 1.4 V vs SCE and (2) adding an electron-donating group para to the N-terminal amide of the aromatic ring, which prevents the electron spin density of the radical cation from extending over the C-terminal amide. These findings provide essential information for the design of hole-transfer amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli M Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jillian M Larsen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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196
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Bohne AV, Schwenkert S, Grimm B, Nickelsen J. Roles of Tetratricopeptide Repeat Proteins in Biogenesis of the Photosynthetic Apparatus. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:187-227. [PMID: 27017009 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the photosynthetic apparatus is a complex operation, which includes the concerted synthesis and assembly of lipids, pigments and metal cofactors, and dozens of proteins. Research conducted in recent years has shown that these processes, as well as the stabilization and repair of this molecular machinery, are facilitated by transiently acting regulatory proteins, many of which belong to the superfamily of helical repeat proteins. Here, we focus on one of its families in photoautotrophic model organisms, the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) proteins, which participate in almost all of these steps and are crucial for biogenesis of the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-V Bohne
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - S Schwenkert
- Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - B Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Nickelsen
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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197
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Flood PJ, Kruijer W, Schnabel SK, van der Schoor R, Jalink H, Snel JFH, Harbinson J, Aarts MGM. Phenomics for photosynthesis, growth and reflectance in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals circadian and long-term fluctuations in heritability. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:14. [PMID: 26884806 PMCID: PMC4754911 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in genome sequencing technologies have shifted the research bottleneck in plant sciences from genotyping to phenotyping. This shift has driven the development of phenomics, high-throughput non-invasive phenotyping technologies. RESULTS We describe an automated high-throughput phenotyping platform, the Phenovator, capable of screening 1440 Arabidopsis plants multiple times per day for photosynthesis, growth and spectral reflectance at eight wavelengths. Using this unprecedented phenotyping capacity, we have been able to detect significant genetic differences between Arabidopsis accessions for all traits measured, across both temporal and environmental scales. The high frequency of measurement allowed us to observe that heritability was not only trait specific, but for some traits was also time specific. CONCLUSIONS Such continuous real-time non-destructive phenotyping will allow detailed genetic and physiological investigations of the kinetics of plant homeostasis and development. The success and ultimate outcome of a breeding program will depend greatly on the genetic variance which is sampled. Our observation of temporal fluctuations in trait heritability shows that the moment of measurement can have lasting consequences. Ultimately such phenomic level technologies will provide more dynamic insights into plant physiology, and the necessary data for the omics revolution to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pádraic J. Flood
- />Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Horticulture and Production Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Willem Kruijer
- />Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine K. Schnabel
- />Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van der Schoor
- />Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />PhenoVation BV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Jalink
- />Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />PhenoVation BV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F. H. Snel
- />Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Adviesbureau JFH Snel, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- />Horticulture and Production Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- />Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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198
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Strand DD, Livingston AK, Satoh-Cruz M, Koepke T, Enlow HM, Fisher N, Froehlich JE, Cruz JA, Minhas D, Hixson KK, Kohzuma K, Lipton M, Dhingra A, Kramer DM. Defects in the Expression of Chloroplast Proteins Leads to H 2O 2 Accumulation and Activation of Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2073. [PMID: 28133462 PMCID: PMC5233679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new member of the class of mutants in Arabidopsis exhibiting high rates of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF), a light-driven process that produces ATP but not NADPH. High cyclic electron flow 2 (hcef2) shows strongly increased CEF activity through the NADPH dehydrogenase complex (NDH), accompanied by increases in thylakoid proton motive force (pmf), activation of the photoprotective qE response, and the accumulation of H2O2. Surprisingly, hcef2 was mapped to a non-sense mutation in the TADA1 (tRNA adenosine deaminase arginine) locus, coding for a plastid targeted tRNA editing enzyme required for efficient codon recognition. Comparison of protein content from representative thylakoid complexes, the cytochrome bf complex, and the ATP synthase, suggests that inefficient translation of hcef2 leads to compromised complex assembly or stability leading to alterations in stoichiometries of major thylakoid complexes as well as their constituent subunits. Altered subunit stoichiometries for photosystem I, ratios and properties of cytochrome bf hemes, and the decay kinetics of the flash-induced thylakoid electric field suggest that these defect lead to accumulation of H2O2 in hcef2, which we have previously shown leads to activation of NDH-related CEF. We observed similar increases in CEF, as well as increases in H2O2 accumulation, in other translation defective mutants. This suggests that loss of coordination in plastid protein levels lead to imbalances in photosynthetic energy balance that leads to an increase in CEF. These results taken together with a large body of previous observations, support a general model in which processes that lead to imbalances in chloroplast energetics result in the production of H2O2, which in turn activates CEF. This activation could be from either H2O2 acting as a redox signal, or by a secondary effect from H2O2 inducing a deficit in ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deserah D. Strand
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aaron K. Livingston
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Mio Satoh-Cruz
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tyson Koepke
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Heather M. Enlow
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Fisher
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John E. Froehlich
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Cruz
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Deepika Minhas
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Kim K. Hixson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland, WA, USA
| | - Kaori Kohzuma
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mary Lipton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland, WA, USA
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - David M. Kramer
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: David M. Kramer
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199
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Strand DD, Fisher N, Davis GA, Kramer DM. Redox regulation of the antimycin A sensitive pathway of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in higher plant thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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200
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He Q, Yang H, Hu C. Optimizing light regimes on growth and lipid accumulation in Ankistrodesmus fusiformis H1 for biodiesel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:876-883. [PMID: 26469216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize the light regimes including initial inoculum density, photoperiod and light intensity on the growth and lipid (TAG) accumulation in Ankistrodesmus fusiformis H1 for biodiesel production. At last, the strategy of 4.47 mM urea with initial OD680-0.5, 18:6h light/dark cycle and 200 μmol photon m(-2) s(-1) regimes were optimized. The lipid productivity of 116.88 mg L(-1)d(-1) and 57.58% neutral lipid in total lipid were achieved finally. Moreover, the changes of photosynthetic activity, pigments contents and biochemical compositions revealed that more carbon flow to lipid synthesis. Therefore, A. fusiformis H1 is an ideal candidate for biodiesel production by utilizing light appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoning He
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunxiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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