151
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Borniger JC, Cisse YM, Surbhi, Nelson RJ. Reciprocal Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Immune Function. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Chronotherapeutics aim at treating illnesses according to the endogenous biologic rhythms, which moderate xenobiotic metabolism and cellular drug response. The molecular clocks present in individual cells involve approximately fifteen clock genes interconnected in regulatory feedback loops. They are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker, which also adjusts the circadian rhythms to environmental cycles. As a result, many mechanisms of diseases and drug effects are controlled by the circadian timing system. Thus, the tolerability of nearly 500 medications varies by up to fivefold according to circadian scheduling, both in experimental models and/or patients. Moreover, treatment itself disrupted, maintained, or improved the circadian timing system as a function of drug timing. Improved patient outcomes on circadian-based treatments (chronotherapy) have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, especially for cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent technological advances have highlighted large interpatient differences in circadian functions resulting in significant variability in chronotherapy response. Such findings advocate for the advancement of personalized chronotherapeutics through interdisciplinary systems approaches. Thus, the combination of mathematical, statistical, technological, experimental, and clinical expertise is now shaping the development of dedicated devices and diagnostic and delivery algorithms enabling treatment individualization. In particular, multiscale systems chronopharmacology approaches currently combine mathematical modeling based on cellular and whole-body physiology to preclinical and clinical investigations toward the design of patient-tailored chronotherapies. We review recent systems research works aiming to the individualization of disease treatment, with emphasis on both cancer management and circadian timing system–resetting strategies for improving chronic disease control and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Ballesta
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Pasquale F Innominato
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - David A Rand
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Francis A Lévi
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
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153
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Anafi RC, Francey LJ, Hogenesch JB, Kim J. CYCLOPS reveals human transcriptional rhythms in health and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5312-5317. [PMID: 28439010 PMCID: PMC5441789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619320114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms modulate many aspects of physiology. Knowledge of the molecular basis of these rhythms has exploded in the last 20 years. However, most of these data are from model organisms, and translation to clinical practice has been limited. Here, we present an approach to identify molecular rhythms in humans from thousands of unordered expression measurements. Our algorithm, cyclic ordering by periodic structure (CYCLOPS), uses evolutionary conservation and machine learning to identify elliptical structure in high-dimensional data. From this structure, CYCLOPS estimates the phase of each sample. We validated CYCLOPS using temporally ordered mouse and human data and demonstrated its consistency on human data from two independent research sites. We used this approach to identify rhythmic transcripts in human liver and lung, including hundreds of drug targets and disease genes. Importantly, for many genes, the circadian variation in expression exceeded variation from genetic and other environmental factors. We also analyzed hepatocellular carcinoma samples and show these solid tumors maintain circadian function but with aberrant output. Finally, to show how this method can catalyze medical translation, we show that dosage time can temporally segregate efficacy from dose-limiting toxicity of streptozocin, a chemotherapeutic drug. In sum, these data show the power of CYCLOPS and temporal reconstruction in bridging basic circadian research and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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154
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Gachon F, Loizides-Mangold U, Petrenko V, Dibner C. Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation by Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Rodents and Humans. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1074-1084. [PMID: 28324069 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms, including humans, have developed an intrinsic system of circadian oscillators, allowing the anticipation of events related to the rotation of Earth around its own axis. The mammalian circadian timing system orchestrates nearly all aspects of physiology and behavior. Together with systemic signals, emanating from the central clock that resides in the hypothalamus, peripheral oscillators orchestrate tissue-specific fluctuations in gene expression, protein synthesis, and posttranslational modifications, driving overt rhythms in physiology and behavior. There is increasing evidence on the essential roles of the peripheral oscillators, operative in metabolically active organs in the regulation of body glucose homeostasis. Here, we review some recent findings on the molecular and cellular makeup of the circadian timing system and its implications in the temporal coordination of metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Loizides-Mangold
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr Petrenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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155
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Huang Y, Yu Q, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Wang L, Wang H, Li K. Efficacy and safety of chronomodulated chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 13:e171-e178. [PMID: 26892158 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Chronomodulated chemotherapy has been reported to be superior to conventional chemotherapy, but the results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the efficacy and safety of chronomodulated chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS A literature search for relevant RCTs comparing the efficacy and safety of chronomodulated chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy was performed. The main outcomes were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and toxicity (grade 3/4), which included vomiting and nausea, diarrhea, mucositis, neutropenia and peripheral sensory neuropathy. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated. RESULTS Six RCTs involving 1347 patients were included. Chronomodulated chemotherapy showed no advantages for OS (HR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.08; P = 0.463) or ORR (RR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.81-1.39; P = 0.499). The two groups were similar in terms of grade 3/4 vomiting and nausea (RR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.78-1.35; P = 0.872), diarrhea (RR = 1.44; 95% CI, 0.87-2.36; P = 0.149) or peripheral sensory neuropathy (RR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.56-1.34; P = 0.512), whereas decreased risks of mucositis (RR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.66; P = 0.000) and neutropenia (RR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.27-0.57; P = 0.000) were observed in chronomodulated chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Chronomodulated chemotherapy may be favorable to reduce the risks of certain side effects, but there is no current evidence for improvement in OS or ORR. Our analysis suggests that the available data does not support the use of chronomodulated chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Huang
- Department of Public Health, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyan Yu
- Department of Public Health, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Public Health, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenli Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Public Health, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical College, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Public Health, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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156
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Does the Time of Radiotherapy Affect Treatment Outcomes? A Review of the Literature. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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157
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Squire T, Buchanan G, Rangiah D, Davis I, Yip D, Chua YJ, Rich T, Elsaleh H. Does chronomodulated radiotherapy improve pathological response in locally advanced rectal cancer? Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:492-503. [PMID: 28353363 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1301462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The predominant mode of radiation-induced cell death for solid tumours is mitotic catastrophe, which is in part dependent on sublethal damage repair being complete at around 6 h. Circadian variation appears to play a role in normal cellular division, and this could influence tumour response of radiation treatment depending on the time of treatment delivery. We tested the hypothesis that radiation treatment later in the day may improve tumour response and nodal downstaging in rectal cancer patients treated neoadjuvantly with radiation therapy. Recruitment was by retrospective review of 267 rectal cancer patients treated neoadjuvantly in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Canberra Hospital between January 2010 and November 2015. One hundred and fifty-five patients met the inclusion criteria for which demographic, pathological and imaging data were collected, as well as the time of day patients received treatment with each fraction of radiotherapy. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package R with nonparametric methods of significance for all tests set at p < 0.05. Of the 45 female and 110 male patients, the median age was 64. Seventy-three percent had cT3 disease and there was a mean tumour distance from the anal verge of 7 cm. Time to surgical resection following radiotherapy ranged from 4 to 162 days with a median of 50 days, with a complete pathological response seen in 21% of patients. Patients exhibiting a favourable pathological response had smaller median pre- and postradiotherapy tumour size and had a greater change in tumour size following treatment (p < 0.01). Patients who received the majority of their radiotherapy fractions after 12:00 pm were more likely to show a complete or moderate pathological response (p = 0.035) and improved nodal downstaging. There were also more favourable responses amongst patients with longer time to surgical resection postradiotherapy (p < 0.004), although no relationship was seen between response and tumour distance from the anal verge. Females were less likely to exhibit several of the above responses. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer performed later in the day coupled with a longer time period to surgical resection may improve pathological tumour response rates and nodal downstaging. A prospective study in chronomodulated radiotherapy in this disease is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Squire
- a The Canberra Hospital , Department of Radiation Oncology , Garran , Australian Capital Territory , Australia.,d University of Notre Dame Australia, School of Medicine , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Grant Buchanan
- a The Canberra Hospital , Department of Radiation Oncology , Garran , Australian Capital Territory , Australia.,e University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - David Rangiah
- b The Canberra Hospital , Department of Surgery , Garran , Australian Capital Territory , Australia.,f Australian National University, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory , Australia
| | - Ian Davis
- b The Canberra Hospital , Department of Surgery , Garran , Australian Capital Territory , Australia.,f Australian National University, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory , Australia
| | - Desmond Yip
- c The Canberra Hospital , Department of Medical Oncology , Garran , Australian Capital Territory , Australia.,f Australian National University, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory , Australia
| | - Yu Jo Chua
- c The Canberra Hospital , Department of Medical Oncology , Garran , Australian Capital Territory , Australia.,f Australian National University, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory , Australia
| | - Tyvin Rich
- g Hampton University Proton Therapy Institute , Hampton , Virginia , USA.,h University of Virginia School of Medicine , Department of Radiation Oncology , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
| | - Hany Elsaleh
- a The Canberra Hospital , Department of Radiation Oncology , Garran , Australian Capital Territory , Australia.,f Australian National University, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory , Australia
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158
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Selfridge JM, Gotoh T, Schiffhauer S, Liu J, Stauffer PE, Li A, Capelluto DGS, Finkielstein CV. Chronotherapy: Intuitive, Sound, Founded…But Not Broadly Applied. Drugs 2017; 76:1507-1521. [PMID: 27699644 PMCID: PMC5082589 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are a collection of endogenously driven biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes that oscillate in a 24-h cycle and can be entrained by external cues. Circadian clock molecules are responsible for the expression of regulatory components that modulate, among others, the cell’s metabolism and energy consumption. In clinical practice, the regulation of clock mechanisms is relevant to biotransformation of therapeutics. Accordingly, xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification, the two processes that directly influence drug effectiveness and toxicity, are direct manifestations of the daily oscillations of the cellular and biochemical processes taking place within the gastrointestinal, hepatic/biliary, and renal/urologic systems. Consequently, the impact of circadian timing should be factored in when developing therapeutic regimens aimed at achieving maximum efficacy, minimum toxicity, and decreased adverse effects in a patient. However, and despite a strong mechanistic foundation, only 0.16 % of ongoing clinical trials worldwide exploit the concept of ‘time-of-day’ administration to develop safer and more effective therapies. In this article, we (1) emphasize points of control at which circadian biology intersects critical processes governing treatment interventions; (2) explore the extent to which chronotherapeutics are incorporated into clinical trials; (3) recognize roadblocks; and (4) recommend approaches to precipitate the integration of chronobiological concepts into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Selfridge
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.,Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Tetsuya Gotoh
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Samuel Schiffhauer
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - JingJing Liu
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Philip E Stauffer
- Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.,Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Daniel G S Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Carla V Finkielstein
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA. .,Integrated Cellular Responses Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, 1015 Life Science Circle, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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159
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Dibner C, Sadowski SM, Triponez F, Philippe J. The search for preoperative biomarkers for thyroid carcinoma: application of the thyroid circadian clock properties. Biomark Med 2017; 11:285-293. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in the molecular clocks underlying the circadian time-keeping system might be connected to changes in cell cycle, resulting in oncogenic transformation. The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis is driven by a circadian clock at several levels, with an endocrine feedback loop regulating thyroid-stimulating hormone. Changes in the expression levels of circadian and cell cycle markers may correlate with clinic-pathological characteristics in differentiated follicular thyroid carcinomas. Here we summarize recent advances in exploring complex regulation of the thyroid gland transcriptome and function by the circadian oscillator. We particularly focus on clinical implications of the parallel assessment of the circadian clock, cell-cycle and cell functionality markers in human thyroid tissue, which might help improving preoperative diagnostics of thyroid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension & Nutrition, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Frederic Triponez
- Thoracic & Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Philippe
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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160
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Sultan A, Choudhary V, Parganiha A. Worsening of rest-activity circadian rhythm and quality of life in female breast cancer patients along progression of chemotherapy cycles. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:609-623. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1286501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armiya Sultan
- Chronobiology and Animal Behavior Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Regional Cancer Center, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- Chronobiology and Animal Behavior Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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161
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Smarr BL, Grant AD, Zucker I, Prendergast BJ, Kriegsfeld LJ. Sex differences in variability across timescales in BALB/c mice. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28203366 PMCID: PMC5301430 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Females are markedly underinvestigated in the biological and behavioral sciences due to the presumption that cyclic hormonal changes across the ovulatory cycle introduce excess variability to measures of interest in comparison to males. However, recent analyses indicate that male and female mice and rats exhibit comparable variability across numerous physiological and behavioral measures, even when the stage of the estrous cycle is not considered. Hormonal changes across the ovulatory cycle likely contribute cyclic, intra-individual variability in females, but the source(s) of male variability has, to our knowledge, not been investigated. It is unclear whether male variability, like that of females, is temporally structured and, therefore, quantifiable and predictable. Finally, whether males and females exhibit variability on similar time scales has not been explored. METHODS These questions were addressed by collecting chronic, high temporal resolution locomotor activity (LA) and core body temperature (CBT) data from male and female BALB/c mice. RESULTS Contrary to expectation, males are more variable than females over the course of the day (diel variability) and exhibit higher intra-individual daily range than females in both LA and CBT. Between mice of a given sex, variability is comparable for LA but the inter-individual daily range in CBT is greater for males. To identify potential rhythmic processes contributing to these sex differences, we employed wavelet transformations across a range of periodicities (1-39 h). CONCLUSIONS Although variability in circadian power is comparable between the sexes for both LA and CBT, infradian variability is greater in females and ultradian variability is greater in males. Thus, exclusion of female mice from studies because of estrous cycle variability may increase variance in investigations where only male measures are collected over a span of several hours and limit generalization of findings from males to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Smarr
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Azure D. Grant
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Irving Zucker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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162
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Time-of-Day Dictates Transcriptional Inflammatory Responses to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41220. [PMID: 28117419 PMCID: PMC5259749 DOI: 10.1038/srep41220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cytotoxic chemotherapeutics elicit a proinflammatory response which is often associated with chemotherapy-induced behavioral alterations. The immune system is under circadian influence; time-of-day may alter inflammatory responses to chemotherapeutics. We tested this hypothesis by administering cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (Cyclo/Dox), a common treatment for breast cancer, to female BALB/c mice near the beginning of the light or dark phase. Mice were injected intravenously with Cyclo/Dox or the vehicle two hours after lights on (zeitgeber time (ZT2), or two hours after lights off (ZT14). Tissue was collected 1, 3, 9, and 24 hours later. Mice injected with Cyclo/Dox at ZT2 lost more body mass than mice injected at ZT14. Cyclo/Dox injected at ZT2 increased the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes within the spleen; this was not evident among mice treated at ZT14. Transcription of enzymes within the liver responsible for converting Cyclo/Dox into their toxic metabolites increased among mice injected at ZT2; furthermore, transcription of these enzymes correlated with splenic pro-inflammatory gene expression when treatment occurred at ZT2 but not ZT14. The pattern was reversed in the brain; pro-inflammatory gene expression increased among mice injected at ZT14. These data suggest that inflammatory responses to chemotherapy depend on time-of-day and are tissue specific.
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163
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Tang Q, Cheng B, Xie M, Chen Y, Zhao J, Zhou X, Chen L. Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1 Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Increases Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:532-544. [PMID: 27821487 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock genes regulate cancer development and chemotherapy susceptibility. Accordingly, chronotherapy based on circadian phenotypes might be applied to improve therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated whether the circadian clock gene Bmal1 inhibited tumor development and increased paclitaxel sensitivity in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Bmal1 expression was downregulated and its rhythmic pattern of expression was affected in TSCC samples and cell lines. Ectopic Bmal1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of TSCC. After exposure to paclitaxel, Bmal1-overexpressing cells displayed a relative increase in apoptosis and were more susceptible to paclitaxel treatment in vivo Mechanistic investigations suggested a regulatory connection between Bmal1, TERT, and the oncogenic transcriptional repressor EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), the recruitment of which to the TERT promoter increased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and cell growth inhibition. Clinically, paclitaxel efficacy correlated positively with Bmal1 expression levels in TSCC. Overall, our results identified Bmal1 as a novel tumor suppressor gene that elevates the sensitivity of cancer cells to paclitaxel, with potential implications as a chronotherapy timing biomarker in TSCC. Cancer Res; 77(2); 532-44. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yatao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China E-mail:
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164
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Innominato PF, Komarzynski S, Mohammad-Djafari A, Arbaud A, Ulusakarya A, Bouchahda M, Haydar M, Bossevot-Desmaris R, Plessis V, Mocquery M, Bouchoucha D, Afshar M, Beau J, Karaboué A, Morère JF, Fursse J, Rovira Simon J, Levi F. Clinical Relevance of the First Domomedicine Platform Securing Multidrug Chronotherapy Delivery in Metastatic Cancer Patients at Home: The inCASA European Project. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e305. [PMID: 27888171 PMCID: PMC5148811 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Telehealth solutions can improve the safety of ambulatory chemotherapy, contributing to the maintenance of patients at their home, hence improving their well-being, all the while reducing health care costs. There is, however, need for a practicable multilevel monitoring solution, encompassing relevant outputs involved in the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Domomedicine embraces the delivery of complex care and medical procedures at the patient’s home based on modern technologies, and thus it offers an integrated approach for increasing the safety of cancer patients on chemotherapy. Objective The objective was to evaluate patient compliance and clinical relevance of a novel integrated multiparametric telemonitoring domomedicine platform in cancer patients receiving multidrug chemotherapy at home. Methods Self-measured body weight, self-rated symptoms using the 19-item MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI), and circadian rest-activity rhythm recording with a wrist accelerometer (actigraph) were transmitted daily by patients to a server via the Internet, using a dedicated platform installed at home. Daily body weight changes, individual MDASI scores, and relative percentage of activity in-bed versus out-of-bed (I<O) were computed. Chemotherapy was administered according to the patient medical condition. Compliance was evaluated according to the proportions of (1) patient-days with all data available (full) and (2) patient-days with at least one parameter available (minimal). Acceptability was assessed using the Whole Systems Demonstrator Service User Technology Acceptability Questionnaire. Linear discriminant analysis was used to identify the combination of parameters associated with subsequent unplanned hospitalization. Results A total of 31 patients (males: 55% [17/31]; World Health Organization Performance Status=0: 29% (9/31); age range: 35-91 years) participated for a median of 58 days (38-313). They received a total of 102 chemotherapy courses (64.7% as outpatients). Overall full compliance was 59.7% (522/874), with at least one data available for 830/874 patient-days (95.0%), during the 30-day per-protocol span. Missing data rates were similar for each parameter. Patients were altogether satisfied with the use of the platform. Ten toxicity-related hospitalizations occurred in 6 patients. The combination of weighted circadian function (actigraphy parameter I<O), body weight change, and MDASI scores predicted for ensuing emergency hospitalization within 3 days, with an accuracy of 94%. Conclusions Multidimensional daily telemonitoring of body weight, circadian rest-activity rhythm, and patient-reported symptoms was feasible, satisfactory, and clinically relevant in patients on chemotherapy. This domomedicine platform constitutes a unique tool for the further development of safe home-based chemotherapy administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale F Innominato
- Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unit 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Sandra Komarzynski
- Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom.,French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unit 935, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Alexandre Arbaud
- French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unit 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Ayhan Ulusakarya
- French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unit 935, Villejuif, France.,Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Mohamed Bouchahda
- French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unit 935, Villejuif, France.,Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France.,Ramsay Générale de Santé, Mousseau Clinics, Evry, France
| | - Mazen Haydar
- Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Rachel Bossevot-Desmaris
- Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Plessis
- Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Magali Mocquery
- Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Davina Bouchoucha
- Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Mehran Afshar
- St Georges Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Beau
- French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unit 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Abdoulaye Karaboué
- French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unit 935, Villejuif, France.,AK-SCIENCE, Research and Therapeutic Innovation, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-François Morère
- Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Paris South University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Joanna Fursse
- Chorleywood Health Centre, Chorleywood, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francis Levi
- Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Unit 935, Villejuif, France.,Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP), Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
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165
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Li S, Shui K, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Deng W, Ullah S, Zhang L, Xue Y. CGDB: a database of circadian genes in eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:D397-D403. [PMID: 27789706 PMCID: PMC5210527 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a database of circadian genes in eukaryotes (CGDB, http://cgdb.biocuckoo.org), containing ∼73 000 circadian-related genes in 68 animals, 39 plants and 41 fungi. Circadian rhythm is ∼24 h rhythm in behavioral and physiological processes that exists in almost all organisms on the earth. Defects in the circadian system are highly associated with a number of diseases such as cancers. Although several databases have been established for rhythmically expressed genes, a comprehensive database of cycling genes across phyla is still lacking. From the literature, we collected 1382 genes of which transcript level oscillations were validated using methods such as RT-PCR, northern blot and in situ hybridization. Given that many genes exhibit different oscillatory patterns in different tissues/cells within an organism, we have included information regarding the phase and amplitude of the oscillation, as well as the tissue/cells in which the oscillation was identified. Using these well characterized cycling genes, we have then conducted an orthologous search and identified ∼45 000 potential cycling genes from 148 eukaryotes. Given that significant effort has been devoted to identifying cycling genes by transcriptome profiling, we have also incorporated these results, a total of over 26 000 genes, into our database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Ke Shui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yongqiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wankun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shahid Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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166
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Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock is a complex multi-scale, multivariable biological control system. In the past two decades, methods from systems engineering have led to numerous insights into the architecture and functionality of this system. In this review, we examine the mammalian circadian system through a process systems lens. We present a mathematical framework for examining the cellular circadian oscillator, and show recent extensions for understanding population-scale dynamics. We provide an overview of the routes by which the circadian system can be systemically manipulated, and present in silico proof of concept results for phase resetting of the clock via model predictive control.
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167
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Melatonin promotes ATO-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells: Proposing novel therapeutic potential for breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:456-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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168
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Cribbet MR, Logan RW, Edwards MD, Hanlon E, Bien Peek C, Stubblefield JJ, Vasudevan S, Ritchey F, Frank E. Circadian rhythms and metabolism: from the brain to the gut and back again. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1385:21-40. [PMID: 27589593 PMCID: PMC5428740 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the relationship between the circadian system and glucose metabolism. Research across the translational spectrum confirms the importance of the circadian system for glucose metabolism and offers promising clues as to when and why these systems go awry. In particular, basic research has started to clarify the molecular and genetic mechanisms through which the circadian system regulates metabolism. The study of human behavior, especially in the context of psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and major depression, forces us to see how inextricably linked mental health and metabolic health are. We also emphasize the remarkable opportunities for advancing circadian science through big data and advanced analytics. Advances in circadian research have translated into environmental and pharmacological interventions with tremendous therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Cribbet
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mathew D Edwards
- Division of Neurobiology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Clara Bien Peek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeremy J Stubblefield
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Fiona Ritchey
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ellen Frank
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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169
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Abstract
Nearly all organisms exhibit time-dependent behavior and physiology across a 24-hour day known as circadian rhythms. These outputs are manifestations of endogenous cyclic gene expression patterns driven by the activity of a core transcription/translation feedback loop. Cyclic gene expression determines highly tissue-specific functional activity regulating such processes as metabolic state, endocrine activity, and neural excitability. Entrainment of these cellular clocks is achieved through exogenous daily inputs, such as light and food. Dysregulation of the transcription/translation feedback loop has been shown to result in a wide range of disorders and diseases driving increased interest in circadian therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas S Andreani
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Taichi Q Itoh
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evrim Yildirim
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ravi Allada
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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170
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Altman BJ. Cancer Clocks Out for Lunch: Disruption of Circadian Rhythm and Metabolic Oscillation in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:62. [PMID: 27500134 PMCID: PMC4971383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h oscillations present in most eukaryotes and many prokaryotes that synchronize activity to the day-night cycle. They are an essential feature of organismal and cell physiology that coordinate many of the metabolic, biosynthetic, and signal transduction pathways studied in biology. The molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm is controlled both by signal transduction and gene transcription as well as by metabolic feedback. The role of circadian rhythm in cancer cell development and survival is still not well understood, but as will be discussed in this Review, accumulated research suggests that circadian rhythm may be altered or disrupted in many human cancers downstream of common oncogenic alterations. Thus, a complete understanding of the genetic and metabolic alterations in cancer must take potential circadian rhythm perturbations into account, as this disruption itself will influence how gene expression and metabolism are altered in the cancer cell compared to its non-transformed neighbor. It will be important to better understand these circadian changes in both normal and cancer cell physiology to potentially design treatment modalities to exploit this insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research InstitutePhiladelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
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171
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Estimation methods for human circadian phase by use of peripheral tissues. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:623-7. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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172
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Chisholm RH, Lorenzi T, Clairambault J. Cell population heterogeneity and evolution towards drug resistance in cancer: Biological and mathematical assessment, theoretical treatment optimisation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2627-45. [PMID: 27339473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced drug resistance in cancer has been attributed to diverse biological mechanisms at the individual cell or cell population scale, relying on stochastically or epigenetically varying expression of phenotypes at the single cell level, and on the adaptability of tumours at the cell population level. SCOPE OF REVIEW We focus on intra-tumour heterogeneity, namely between-cell variability within cancer cell populations, to account for drug resistance. To shed light on such heterogeneity, we review evolutionary mechanisms that encompass the great evolution that has designed multicellular organisms, as well as smaller windows of evolution on the time scale of human disease. We also present mathematical models used to predict drug resistance in cancer and optimal control methods that can circumvent it in combined therapeutic strategies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Plasticity in cancer cells, i.e., partial reversal to a stem-like status in individual cells and resulting adaptability of cancer cell populations, may be viewed as backward evolution making cancer cell populations resistant to drug insult. This reversible plasticity is captured by mathematical models that incorporate between-cell heterogeneity through continuous phenotypic variables. Such models have the benefit of being compatible with optimal control methods for the design of optimised therapeutic protocols involving combinations of cytotoxic and cytostatic treatments with epigenetic drugs and immunotherapies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Gathering knowledge from cancer and evolutionary biology with physiologically based mathematical models of cell population dynamics should provide oncologists with a rationale to design optimised therapeutic strategies to circumvent drug resistance, that still remains a major pitfall of cancer therapeutics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Chisholm
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tommaso Lorenzi
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9SS, St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom. http://www.tommasolorenzi.com
| | - Jean Clairambault
- INRIA Paris, MAMBA team, 2, rue Simone Iff, CS 42112, 75589 Paris Cedex 12, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Boîte courrier 187, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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173
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Kroon J, Kooijman S, Cho NJ, Storm G, van der Pluijm G. Improving Taxane-Based Chemotherapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:451-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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174
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Natale V, Innominato PF, Boreggiani M, Tonetti L, Filardi M, Parganiha A, Fabbri M, Martoni M, Lévi F. The difference between in bed and out of bed activity as a behavioral marker of cancer patients: A comparative actigraphic study. Chronobiol Int 2016; 32:925-33. [PMID: 26158757 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1053909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to provide normative data on actigraphic dichotomy index (I < O) (the percentage of in bed activity counts that are less than the median of out of bed counts) in healthy population and to assess whether the I < O could be an effective index in discriminating the circadian motor activity of cancer patients from healthy controls. In this retrospective study, we recovered 408 actigraphic records from two databases: healthy controls (n = 182; 79 males; mean age 38.7 ± 12.6) and patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (n = 226; 149 males; mean age 58.4 ± 11.4). Beside the usual actigraphic sleep parameters (time in bed, sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, and mean motor activity), we also computed the dichotomy index and number of actigraphic wake parameters, namely, diurnal motor activity, diurnal total sleep time, number of sleep episodes, and the mean duration of the longest diurnal sleep episode. Using the Youden index, we calculated the cut off value that performed the best for I < O and actigraphic wake parameters. Finally, we created Receiver Operator Characteristic curves to test the efficacy of each actigraphic parameter to discriminate cancer patient from healthy controls. Mean I < O was 99.5% (SD, 0.48%) in the healthy group, as compared to 96.6% (SD, 3.6%) in the cancer group (p < 0.0001). Important age-related effects appeared unlikely after performing both the main analysis with age as a covariate, and a subset analysis in 104 subjects matched for age and sex. In the main analysis, all actigraphic parameters, except total sleep time, significantly differentiated the two groups of participants. However, the I < O was the one that clearly performed best. Here, we provide the first large dataset on I < O in healthy subjects, we confirm the relevance of this circadian index for discriminating advanced stage colorectal cancer patients from healthy subjects, and we lay the grounds for further investigations of this circadian index in patients with other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Natale
- a Department of Psychology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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175
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Ankers JM, Awais R, Jones NA, Boyd J, Ryan S, Adamson AD, Harper CV, Bridge L, Spiller DG, Jackson DA, Paszek P, Sée V, White MR. Dynamic NF-κB and E2F interactions control the priority and timing of inflammatory signalling and cell proliferation. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27185527 PMCID: PMC4869934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic cellular systems reprogram gene expression to ensure appropriate cellular fate responses to specific extracellular cues. Here we demonstrate that the dynamics of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling and the cell cycle are prioritised differently depending on the timing of an inflammatory signal. Using iterative experimental and computational analyses, we show physical and functional interactions between NF-κB and the E2 Factor 1 (E2F-1) and E2 Factor 4 (E2F-4) cell cycle regulators. These interactions modulate the NF-κB response. In S-phase, the NF-κB response was delayed or repressed, while cell cycle progression was unimpeded. By contrast, activation of NF-κB at the G1/S boundary resulted in a longer cell cycle and more synchronous initial NF-κB responses between cells. These data identify new mechanisms by which the cellular response to stress is differentially controlled at different stages of the cell cycle. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10473.001 Investigating how cells adapt to the constantly changing environment inside the body is vitally important for understanding how the body responds to an injury or infection. One of the ways in which human cells adapt is by dividing to produce new cells. This takes place in a repeating pattern of events, known as the cell cycle, through which a cell copies its DNA (in a stage known as S-phase) and then divides to make two daughter cells. Each stage of the cell cycle is tightly controlled; for example, a family of proteins called E2 factors control the entry of the cell into S phase. “Inflammatory” signals produced by a wound or during an infection can activate a protein called Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB), which controls the activity of genes that allow cells to adapt to the situation. Research shows that the activity of NF-κB is also regulated by the cell cycle, but it has not been clear how this works. Here, Ankers et al. investigated whether the stage of the cell cycle might affect how NF-κB responds to inflammatory signals. The experiments show that the NF-κB response was stronger in cells that were just about to enter S-phase than in cells that were already copying their DNA. An E2 factor called E2F-1 –which accumulates in the run up to S-phase – interacts with NF-κB and can alter the activity of certain genes. However, during S-phase, another E2 factor family member called E2F-4 binds to NF-κB and represses its activation. Next, Ankers et al. used a mathematical model to understand how these protein interactions can affect the response of cells to inflammatory signals. These findings suggest that direct interactions between E2 factor proteins and NF-κB enable cells to decide whether to divide or react in different ways to inflammatory signals. The research tools developed in this study, combined with other new experimental techniques, will allow researchers to accurately predict how cells will respond to inflammatory signals at different points in the cell cycle. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10473.002
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ankers
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Raheela Awais
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A Jones
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Boyd
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Ryan
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D Adamson
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire V Harper
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd Bridge
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Mathematics, University of Swansea, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - David G Spiller
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dean A Jackson
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Paszek
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Violaine Sée
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Rh White
- Systems Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
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176
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Luan JJ, Zhang YS, Liu XY, Wang YQ, Zuo J, Song JG, Zhang W, Wang WS. Dosing-time contributes to chronotoxicity of clofarabine in mice via means other than pharmacokinetics. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:227-34. [PMID: 27316580 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the time- and dose-dependent toxicity of clofarabine in mice and to further define the chronotherapy strategy of it in leukemia, we compared the mortality rates, LD50s, biochemical parameters, histological changes and organ indexes of mice treated with clofarabine at various doses and time points. Plasma clofarabine levels and pharmacokinetic parameters were monitored continuously for up to 8 hours after the single intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg at 12:00 noon and 12:00 midnight by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV method. Clofarabine toxicity in all groups fluctuated in accordance with circadian rhythms in vivo. The toxicity of clofarabine in mice in the rest phase was more severe than the active one, indicated by more severe liver damage, immunodepression, higher mortality rate, and lower LD50. No significant pharmacokinetic parameter changes were observed between the night and daytime treatment groups. These findings suggest the dosing-time dependent toxicity of clofarabine synchronizes with the circadian rhythm of mice, which might provide new therapeutic strategies in further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Luan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army 150th Central Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jian-Guo Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wu-San Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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177
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Desvergne A, Ugarte N, Radjei S, Gareil M, Petropoulos I, Friguet B. Circadian modulation of proteasome activity and accumulation of oxidized protein in human embryonic kidney HEK 293 cells and primary dermal fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:195-207. [PMID: 26944190 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system orchestrates the timing of physiological processes of an organism living in daily environmental changes. Disruption of circadian rhythmicity has been shown to result in increased oxidative stress and accelerated aging. The circadian regulation of antioxidant defenses suggests that other redox homeostasis elements such as oxidized protein degradation by the proteasome, could also be modulated by the circadian clock. Hence, we have investigated whether proteasome activities and oxidized protein levels would exhibit circadian rhythmicity in synchronized cultured mammalian cells and addressed the mechanisms underlying this process. Using synchronized human embryonic kidney HEK 293 cells and primary dermal fibroblasts, we have shown that the levels of carbonylated protein and proteasome activity vary rhythmically following a 24h period. Such a modulation of proteasome activity is explained, at least in part, by the circadian expression of both Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and the proteasome activator PA28αβ. HEK 293 cells showed an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress coincident with the circadian-dependent lower activity of the proteasome. Finally, in contrast to young fibroblasts, no circadian modulation of the proteasome activity and carbonylated protein levels was evidenced in senescent fibroblasts. This paper reports a novel role of the circadian system for regulating proteasome function. In addition, the observation that proteasome activity is modulated by the circadian clock opens new avenues for both the cancer and the aging fields, as exemplified by the rhythmic resistance of immortalized cells to oxidative stress and loss of rhythmicity of proteasome activity in senescent fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Desvergne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing-IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR-8256, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1164, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ugarte
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing-IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR-8256, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1164, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Radjei
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing-IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR-8256, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1164, F-75005 Paris, France; LVMH Research, St. Jean de Braye, France
| | - Monique Gareil
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing-IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR-8256, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1164, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Petropoulos
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing-IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR-8256, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1164, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing-IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS UMR-8256, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM U1164, F-75005 Paris, France.
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178
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Ortiz-Tudela E, Innominato PF, Rol MA, Lévi F, Madrid JA. Relevance of internal time and circadian robustness for cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:285. [PMID: 27102330 PMCID: PMC4839139 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate circadian timing of cancer treatment schedules (chronotherapy) can enhance tolerance and efficacy several-fold in experimental and clinical situations. However, the optimal timing varies according to sex, genetic background and lifestyle. Here, we compute the individual phase of the Circadian Timing System to decipher the internal timing of each patient and find the optimal treatment timing. METHODS Twenty-four patients (11 male; 13 female), aged 36 to 77 years, with advanced or metastatic gastro-intestinal cancer were recruited. Inner wrist surface Temperature, arm Activity and Position (TAP) were recorded every 10 min for 12 days, divided into three 4-day spans before, during and after a course of a set chronotherapy schedule. Pertinent indexes, I < O and a new biomarker, DI (degree of temporal internal order maintenance), were computed for each patient and period. RESULTS Three circadian rhythms and the TAP rhythm grew less stable and more fragmented in response to treatment. Furthermore, large inter- and intra-individual changes were found for T, A, P and TAP patterns, with phase differences of up to 12 hours among patients. A moderate perturbation of temporal internal order was observed, but the administration of fixed chronomodulated chemotherapy partially resynchronized temperature and activity rhythms by the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS The integrated variable TAP, together with the asynchrony among rhythms revealed by the new biomarker DI, would help in the personalization of cancer chronotherapy, taking into account individual circadian phase markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Ortiz-Tudela
- />Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- />INSERM, UMRS 776 « Biological Rhythms and Cancers », Villejuif, France
- />Warwick Medical School, Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Coventry, UK
| | - Pasquale F. Innominato
- />INSERM, UMRS 776 « Biological Rhythms and Cancers », Villejuif, France
- />APHP, Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Angeles Rol
- />Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- />Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Zip Code 30100 Spain
| | - Francis Lévi
- />INSERM, UMRS 776 « Biological Rhythms and Cancers », Villejuif, France
- />APHP, Chronotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
- />Warwick Medical School, Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Coventry, UK
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- />Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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179
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PFKFB3 Control of Cancer Growth by Responding to Circadian Clock Outputs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24324. [PMID: 27079271 PMCID: PMC4832144 DOI: 10.1038/srep24324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock dysregulation promotes cancer growth. Here we show that PFKFB3, the gene that encodes for inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase as an essential supporting enzyme of cancer cell survival through stimulating glycolysis, mediates circadian control of carcinogenesis. In patients with tongue cancers, PFKFB3 expression in both cancers and its surrounding tissues was increased significantly compared with that in the control, and was accompanied with dys-regulated expression of core circadian genes. In the in vitro systems, SCC9 tongue cancer cells displayed rhythmic expression of PFKFB3 and CLOCK that was distinct from control KC cells. Furthermore, PFKFB3 expression in SCC9 cells was stimulated by CLOCK through binding and enhancing the transcription activity of PFKFB3 promoter. Inhibition of PFKFB3 at zeitgeber time 7 (ZT7), but not at ZT19 caused significant decreases in lactate production and in cell proliferation. Consistently, PFKFB3 inhibition in mice at circadian time (CT) 7, but not CT19 significantly reduced the growth of implanted neoplasms. Taken together, these findings demonstrate PFKFB3 as a mediator of circadian control of cancer growth, thereby highlighting the importance of time-based PFKFB3 inhibition in cancer treatment.
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180
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Dallmann R, Okyar A, Lévi F. Dosing-Time Makes the Poison: Circadian Regulation and Pharmacotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:430-445. [PMID: 27066876 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythms in physiology significantly modulate drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics according to the time-of-day, a finding that has led to the concept of chronopharmacology. The importance of biological clocks for xenobiotic metabolism has gained increased attention with the discovery of the molecular circadian clockwork. Mechanistic understanding of the cell-autonomous molecular circadian oscillator and the circadian timing system as a whole has opened new conceptual and methodological lines of investigation to understand first, the clock's impact on a specific drug's daily variations or the effects/side effects of environmental substances, and second, how clock-controlled pathways are coordinated within a given tissue or organism. Today, there is an increased understanding of the circadian modulation of drug effects. Moreover, several molecular strategies are being developed to treat disease-dependent and drug-induced clock disruptions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dallmann
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francis Lévi
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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181
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Zhang R, Podtelezhnikov AA, Hogenesch JB, Anafi RC. Discovering Biology in Periodic Data through Phase Set Enrichment Analysis (PSEA). J Biol Rhythms 2016; 31:244-57. [PMID: 26955841 DOI: 10.1177/0748730416631895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several tools use prior biological knowledge to interpret gene expression data. However, existing enrichment tools assume that variables are monotonic and incorrectly measure the distance between periodic phases. As a result, these tools are poorly suited for the analysis of the cell cycle, circadian clock, or other periodic systems. Here, we develop Phase Set Enrichment Analysis (PSEA) to incorporate prior knowledge into the analysis of periodic data. PSEA identifies biologically related gene sets showing temporally coordinated expression. Using synthetic gene sets of various sizes generated from von Mises (circular normal) distributions, we benchmarked PSEA alongside existing methods. PSEA offered enhanced sensitivity over a broad range of von Mises distributions and gene set sizes. Importantly, and unlike existing tools, the sensitivity of PSEA is independent of the mean expression phase of the set. We applied PSEA to 4 published datasets. Application of PSEA to the mouse circadian atlas revealed that several pathways, including those regulating immune and cell-cycle function, demonstrate temporal orchestration across multiple tissues. We then applied PSEA to the phase shifts following a restricted feeding paradigm. We found that this perturbation disrupts intraorgan metabolic synchrony in the liver, altering the timing between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Reanalysis of expression data using custom gene sets derived from recent ChIP-seq results revealed circadian transcriptional targets bound exclusively by CLOCK, independently of BMAL1, differ from other exclusive circadian output genes and have well-synchronized phases. Finally, we used PSEA to compare 2 cell-cycle datasets. PSEA increased the apparent biological overlap while also revealing evidence of cell-cycle dysregulation in these cancer cells. To encourage its use by the community, we have implemented PSEA as a Java application. In sum, PSEA offers a powerful new tool to investigate large-scale, periodic data for biological insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Zhang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexei A Podtelezhnikov
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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182
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López-Olmeda JF, Pujante IM, Costa LS, Galal-Khallaf A, Mancera JM, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ. Daily rhythms in the somatotropic axis of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis): The time of day influences the response to GH administration. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:257-67. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - I. M. Pujante
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - L. S. Costa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. Galal-Khallaf
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia - CSIC, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J. M. Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F. J. Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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183
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Qu F, Qiao Q, Wang N, Ji G, Zhao H, He L, Wang H, Bao G. Genetic polymorphisms in circadian negative feedback regulation genes predict overall survival and response to chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22424. [PMID: 26927666 PMCID: PMC4772484 DOI: 10.1038/srep22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian negative feedback loop (CNFL) genes play important roles in cancer development and progression. To evaluate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CNFL genes on the survival of GC patients, 13 functional SNPs from 5 CNFL genes were genotyped in a cohort of 1030 resected GC patients (704 in the training set, 326 in the validation set) to explore the association of SNPs with overall survival (OS). Among the 13 SNPs, three SNPs (rs1056560 in CRY1, rs3027178 in PER1 and rs228729 in PER3) were significantly associated with OS of GC in the training set, and verified in the validation set and pooled analysis. Furthermore, a dose-dependent cumulative effect of these SNPs on GC survival was observed, and survival tree analysis showed higher order interactions between these SNPs. In addition, protective effect conferred by adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) on GC was observed in patients with variant alleles (TG/GG) of rs1056560, but not in those with homozygous wild (TT) genotype. Functional assay suggested rs1056560 genotypes significantly affect CRY1 expression in cancer cells. Our study presents that SNPs in the CNFL genes may be associated with GC prognosis, and provides the guidance in selecting potential GC patients most likely responsive to ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.,93926 Army Hospital of PLA, Hetian 848000, China
| | - Qing Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Gang Ji
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Guoqiang Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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184
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Huang M, Tamura T, Tang Z, Chen W, Kanaya S. A Wearable Thermometry for Core Body Temperature Measurement and Its Experimental Verification. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2016; 21:708-714. [PMID: 26915143 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2016.2532933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A wearable thermometry for core body temperature (CBT) measurement has both healthcare and clinical applications. On the basis of the mechanism of bioheat transfer, we earlier designed and improved a wearable thermometry using the dual-heat-flux method for CBT measurement. In this study, this thermometry is examined experimentally. We studied a fast-changing CBT measurement (FCCM, 55 min, 12 subjects) inside a thermostatic chamber and performed long-term monitoring of CBT (LTM, 24 h, six subjects). When compared with a reference, the CoreTemp CM-210 by Terumo, FCCM shows 0.07 °C average difference and a 95% CI of [-0.27, 0.12] °C. LTM shows no significant difference in parameters for the inference of circadian rhythm. The FCCM and LTM both simulated scenarios in which this thermometry could be used for intensive monitoring and daily healthcare, respectively. The results suggest that because of its convenient design, this thermometry may be an ideal choice for conventional CBT measurements.
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185
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Shanmugapriya S, Bhavani P, Subramanian P. Effect of geraniol on temporal patterns of clock gene products during endometrial carcinogenesis in rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1144500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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186
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Dumitru M, Mohammad-Djafari A, Sain SB. Precise periodic components estimation for chronobiological signals through Bayesian Inference with sparsity enforcing prior. EURASIP JOURNAL ON BIOINFORMATICS & SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 2016:3. [PMID: 26834783 PMCID: PMC4720710 DOI: 10.1186/s13637-015-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity and efficacy of more than 30 anticancer agents present very high variations, depending on the dosing time. Therefore, the biologists studying the circadian rhythm require a very precise method for estimating the periodic component (PC) vector of chronobiological signals. Moreover, in recent developments, not only the dominant period or the PC vector present a crucial interest but also their stability or variability. In cancer treatment experiments, the recorded signals corresponding to different phases of treatment are short, from 7 days for the synchronization segment to 2 or 3 days for the after-treatment segment. When studying the stability of the dominant period, we have to consider very short length signals relative to the prior knowledge of the dominant period, placed in the circadian domain. The classical approaches, based on Fourier transform (FT) methods are inefficient (i.e., lack of precision) considering the particularities of the data (i.e., the short length). Another particularity of the signals considered in such experiments is the level of noise: such signals are very noisy and establishing the periodic components that are associated with the biological phenomena and distinguishing them from the ones associated with the noise are difficult tasks. In this paper, we propose a new method for the estimation of the PC vector of biomedical signals, using the biological prior informations and considering a model that accounts for the noise. The experiments developed in cancer treatment context are recording signals expressing a limited number of periods. This is a prior information that can be translated as the sparsity of the PC vector. The proposed method considers the PC vector estimation as an Inverse Problem (IP) using the general Bayesian inference in order to infer the unknown of our model, i.e. the PC vector but also the hyperparameters (i.e the variances). The sparsity prior information is modeled using a sparsity enforcing prior law. In this paper, we propose a Student's t distribution, viewed as the marginal distribution of a bivariate normal-inverse gamma distribution. We build a general infinite Gaussian scale mixture (IGSM) hierarchical model where we assign prior distributions also for the hyperparameters. The expression of the joint posterior law of the unknown PC vector and hyperparameters is obtained via Bayes rule, and then, the unknowns are estimated via joint maximum a posteriori (JMAP) or posterior mean (PM). For the PM estimator, the expression of the posterior distribution is approximated by a separable one, via variational Bayesian approximation (VBA), using the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. For the PM estimation, two possibilities are considered: an approximation with a partially separable distribution and an approximation with a fully separable one. Both resulting algorithms corresponding to the PM estimation and the one corresponding to the JMAP estimation are iterative algorithms. The algorithms are presented in detail and are compared with the ones corresponding to the Gaussian model. We examine the convergency of the algorithms and give simulation results to compare their performances. Finally, we show simulation results on synthetic and real data in cancer treatment applications. The real data considered in this paper examines the rest-activity patterns of KI/KI Per2::luc mouse, aged 10 weeks, singly housed in RealTime Biolumicorder (RT-BIO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Dumitru
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), UMR 8506 CNRS-CentraleSupélec-Univ. Paris-Sud, CentraleSupélec, Plateau de Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 France ; Rythmes Biologiques et Cancers (RBC), UMR 776 INSERM-Univ. Paris-Sud, Campus CNRS, Villejuif, 94801 France
| | - Ali Mohammad-Djafari
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), UMR 8506 CNRS-CentraleSupélec-Univ. Paris-Sud, CentraleSupélec, Plateau de Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 France
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), UMR 8506 CNRS-CentraleSupélec-Univ. Paris-Sud, CentraleSupélec, Plateau de Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 France ; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, 10126 Italy
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187
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Nagy AD, Reddy AB. Time dictates: emerging clinical analyses of the impact of circadian rhythms on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease. Clin Med (Lond) 2015; 15 Suppl 6:s50-3. [PMID: 26634682 PMCID: PMC4768354 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-6-s50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of modern molecular tools, researchers have extensively shown that essential cellular machineries have robust circadian (roughly 24 hours) variations in their pace. This molecular rhythmicity translates directly into time-of-day-dependent variation in physiology in most organ systems, which in turn provides the mechanistic rationale for why timing on a daily basis should matter in many aspects of human health. However, these basic science findings have been slow to move from bench to bedside because clinical studies are still lacking to demonstrate the importance of timing. Therefore, it has not been clear how physicians should incorporate knowledge of natural 24-hour rhythms into routine practice. This review is a brief summary of results from recently completed clinical studies on hypertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and adrenal dysfunction that highlights new evidence for the emerging importance of circadian rhythms in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras D. Nagy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Centre, and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Akhilesh B. Reddy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Centre, and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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188
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Altman BJ, Hsieh AL, Sengupta A, Krishnanaiah SY, Stine ZE, Walton ZE, Gouw AM, Venkataraman A, Li B, Goraksha-Hicks P, Diskin SJ, Bellovin DI, Simon MC, Rathmell JC, Lazar MA, Maris JM, Felsher DW, Hogenesch JB, Weljie AM, Dang CV. MYC Disrupts the Circadian Clock and Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Cell Metab 2015; 22:1009-19. [PMID: 26387865 PMCID: PMC4818967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The MYC oncogene encodes MYC, a transcription factor that binds the genome through sites termed E-boxes (5'-CACGTG-3'), which are identical to the binding sites of the heterodimeric CLOCK-BMAL1 master circadian transcription factor. Hence, we hypothesized that ectopic MYC expression perturbs the clock by deregulating E-box-driven components of the circadian network in cancer cells. We report here that deregulated expression of MYC or N-MYC disrupts the molecular clock in vitro by directly inducing REV-ERBα to dampen expression and oscillation of BMAL1, and this could be rescued by knockdown of REV-ERB. REV-ERBα expression predicts poor clinical outcome for N-MYC-driven human neuroblastomas that have diminished BMAL1 expression, and re-expression of ectopic BMAL1 in neuroblastoma cell lines suppresses their clonogenicity. Further, ectopic MYC profoundly alters oscillation of glucose metabolism and perturbs glutaminolysis. Our results demonstrate an unsuspected link between oncogenic transformation and circadian and metabolic dysrhythmia, which we surmise to be advantageous for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Annie L Hsieh
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Saikumari Y Krishnanaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zachary E Stine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zandra E Walton
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arvin M Gouw
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anand Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Sharon J Diskin
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David I Bellovin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Medical Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Chun SK, Chung S, Kim HD, Lee JH, Jang J, Kim J, Kim D, Son GH, Oh YJ, Suh YG, Lee CS, Kim K. A synthetic cryptochrome inhibitor induces anti-proliferative effects and increases chemosensitivity in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:441-6. [PMID: 26407844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythm is a major cause of breast cancer in humans. Cryptochrome (CRY), a circadian transcription factor, is a risk factor for initiation of breast cancer, and it is differentially expressed between normal and breast cancer tissues. Here, we evaluated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of KS15, a recently discovered small-molecule inhibitor of CRY, in human breast cancer cells. First, we investigated whether KS15 treatment could promote E-box-mediated transcription by inhibiting the activity of CRY in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Protein and mRNA levels of regulators of cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as core clock genes, were differentially modulated in response to KS15. Next, we investigated whether KS15 could inhibit proliferation and increase sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs in MCF-7 cells. We found that KS15 decreased the speed of cell growth and increased the chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin and tamoxifen, but had no effect on MCF-10A cells. These findings suggested that pharmacological inhibition of CRY by KS15 exerts an anti-proliferative effect and increases sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs in a specific type of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kook Chun
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 711-873, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Hee-Dae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jeongah Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 711-873, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 711-873, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Cheol Soon Lee
- Gachon Clinical Trials Center, Gachon University, Incheon, 417-842, South Korea
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 711-873, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea.
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191
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Sistonen J, Büchel B, Froehlich TK, Kummer D, Fontana S, Joerger M, van Kuilenburg ABP, Largiadèr CR. Predicting 5-fluorouracil toxicity: DPD genotype and 5,6-dihydrouracil:uracil ratio. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1653-66. [PMID: 25410891 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Decreased DPD activity is a major cause of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity, but known reduced-function variants in the DPD gene (DPYD) explain only a part of DPD-related 5-FU toxicities. Here, we evaluated the baseline (pretherapeutic) plasma 5,6-dihydrouracil:uracil (UH2:U) ratio as a marker of DPD activity in the context of DPYD genotypes. MATERIALS & METHODS DPYD variants were genotyped and plasma U, UH2 and 5-FU concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 320 healthy blood donors and 28 cancer patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy. RESULTS Baseline UH2:U ratios were strongly correlated with generally low and highly variable U concentrations. Reduced-function DPYD variants were only weakly associated with lower baseline UH2:U ratios. However, the interindividual variability in the UH2:U ratio was reduced and a stronger correlation between ratios and 5-FU exposure was observed in cancer patients during 5-FU administration. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the baseline UH2:U plasma ratio in most individuals reflects the nonsaturated state of DPD and is not predictive of decreased DPD activity. It may, however, be highly predictive at increased substrate concentrations, as observed during 5-FU administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sistonen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, & University of Bern, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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192
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Ode KL, Ueda HR. Seeing the forest and trees: whole-body and whole-brain imaging for circadian biology. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:47-54. [PMID: 26332968 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in methods for making mammalian organs translucent have made possible whole-body fluorescent imaging with single-cell resolution. Because organ-clearing methods can be used to image the heterogeneous nature of cell populations, they are powerful tools to investigate the hierarchical organization of the cellular circadian clock, and how the clock synchronizes a variety of physiological activities. In particular, methods compatible with genetically encoded fluorescent reporters have the potential to detect circadian activity in different brain regions and the circadian-phase distribution across the whole body. In this review, we summarize the current methods and strategy for making organs translucent (removal of lipids, decolourization of haemoglobin and adjusting the refractive index of the specimen). We then discuss possible applications to circadian biology. For example, the coupling of circadian rhythms among different brain regions, brain activity in sleep-wake cycles and the role of migrating cells such as immune cells and cancer cells in chronopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ode
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka, Japan
| | - H R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka, Japan
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193
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Golombek DA, Pandi-Perumal SR, Brown GM, Cardinali DP. Some implications of melatonin use in chronopharmacology of insomnia. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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194
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Circadian systems biology: When time matters. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:417-26. [PMID: 26288701 PMCID: PMC4534520 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a powerful endogenous timing system, which allows organisms to fine-tune their physiology and behaviour to the geophysical time. The interplay of a distinct set of core-clock genes and proteins generates oscillations in expression of output target genes which temporally regulate numerous molecular and cellular processes. The study of the circadian timing at the organismal as well as at the cellular level outlines the field of chronobiology, which has been highly interdisciplinary ever since its origins. The development of high-throughput approaches enables the study of the clock at a systems level. In addition to experimental approaches, computational clock models exist which allow the analysis of rhythmic properties of the clock network. Such mathematical models aid mechanistic understanding and can be used to predict outcomes of distinct perturbations in clock components, thereby generating new hypotheses regarding the putative function of particular clock genes. Perturbations in the circadian timing system are linked to numerous molecular dysfunctions and may result in severe pathologies including cancer. A comprehensive knowledge regarding the mechanistic of the circadian system is crucial to develop new procedures to investigate pathologies associated with a deregulated clock. In this manuscript we review the combination of experimental methodologies, bioinformatics and theoretical models that have been essential to explore this remarkable timing-system. Such an integrative and interdisciplinary approach may provide new strategies with regard to chronotherapeutic treatment and new insights concerning the restoration of the circadian timing in clock-associated diseases.
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195
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Alfarouk KO, Stock CM, Taylor S, Walsh M, Muddathir AK, Verduzco D, Bashir AHH, Mohammed OY, Elhassan GO, Harguindey S, Reshkin SJ, Ibrahim ME, Rauch C. Resistance to cancer chemotherapy: failure in drug response from ADME to P-gp. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:71. [PMID: 26180516 PMCID: PMC4502609 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy resistance (MDR) is the innate and/or acquired ability of cancer cells to evade the effects of chemotherapeutics and is one of the most pressing major dilemmas in cancer therapy. Chemotherapy resistance can arise due to several host or tumor-related factors. However, most current research is focused on tumor-specific factors and specifically genes that handle expression of pumps that efflux accumulated drugs inside malignantly transformed types of cells. In this work, we suggest a wider and alternative perspective that sets the stage for a future platform in modifying drug resistance with respect to the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O Alfarouk
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Sophie Taylor
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Megan Walsh
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Adil H H Bashir
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Gamal O Elhassan
- Uneizah Pharmacy College, Qassim University, AL-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Cyril Rauch
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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196
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Dulong S, Ballesta A, Okyar A, Lévi F. Identification of Circadian Determinants of Cancer Chronotherapy through In Vitro Chronopharmacology and Mathematical Modeling. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2154-64. [PMID: 26141947 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chronotherapy aims at enhancing tolerability and efficacy of anticancer drugs through their delivery according to circadian clocks. However, mouse and patient data show that lifestyle, sex, genetics, drugs, and cancer can modify both host circadian clocks and metabolism pathways dynamics, and thus the optimal timing of drug administration. The mathematical modeling of chronopharmacology could indeed help moderate optimal timing according to patient-specific determinants. Here, we combine in vitro and in silico methods, in order to characterize the critical molecular pathways that drive the chronopharmacology of irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor with complex metabolism and known activity against colorectal cancer. Large transcription rhythms moderated drug bioactivation, detoxification, transport, and target in synchronized colorectal cancer cell cultures. These molecular rhythms translated into statistically significant changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics according to in vitro circadian drug timing. The top-up of the multiple coordinated chronopharmacology pathways resulted in a four-fold difference in irinotecan-induced apoptosis according to drug timing. Irinotecan cytotoxicity was directly linked to clock gene BMAL1 expression: The least apoptosis resulted from drug exposure near BMAL1 mRNA nadir (P < 0.001), whereas clock silencing through siBMAL1 exposure ablated all the chronopharmacology mechanisms. Mathematical modeling highlighted circadian bioactivation and detoxification as the most critical determinants of irinotecan chronopharmacology. In vitro-in silico systems chronopharmacology is a new powerful methodology for identifying the main mechanisms at work in order to optimize circadian drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dulong
- INSERM, UMR-SO776 "Rythmes biologiques et cancers," CNRS Campus, Villejuif, France. Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Annabelle Ballesta
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Coventry, United Kingdom. Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alper Okyar
- INSERM, UMR-SO776 "Rythmes biologiques et cancers," CNRS Campus, Villejuif, France. Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France. Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francis Lévi
- INSERM, UMR-SO776 "Rythmes biologiques et cancers," CNRS Campus, Villejuif, France. Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France. Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Coventry, United Kingdom. Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Unité de Chronothérapie, Département d'oncologie médicale, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.
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197
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Luna A, McFadden GB, Aladjem MI, Kohn KW. Predicted Role of NAD Utilization in the Control of Circadian Rhythms during DNA Damage Response. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004144. [PMID: 26020938 PMCID: PMC4462596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a set of regulatory steps that oscillate with a period of approximately 24 hours influencing many biological processes. These oscillations are robust to external stresses, and in the case of genotoxic stress (i.e. DNA damage), the circadian clock responds through phase shifting with primarily phase advancements. The effect of DNA damage on the circadian clock and the mechanism through which this effect operates remains to be thoroughly investigated. Here we build an in silico model to examine damage-induced circadian phase shifts by investigating a possible mechanism linking circadian rhythms to metabolism. The proposed model involves two DNA damage response proteins, SIRT1 and PARP1, that are each consumers of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a metabolite involved in oxidation-reduction reactions and in ATP synthesis. This model builds on two key findings: 1) that SIRT1 (a protein deacetylase) is involved in both the positive (i.e. transcriptional activation) and negative (i.e. transcriptional repression) arms of the circadian regulation and 2) that PARP1 is a major consumer of NAD during the DNA damage response. In our simulations, we observe that increased PARP1 activity may be able to trigger SIRT1-induced circadian phase advancements by decreasing SIRT1 activity through competition for NAD supplies. We show how this competitive inhibition may operate through protein acetylation in conjunction with phosphorylation, consistent with reported observations. These findings suggest a possible mechanism through which multiple perturbations, each dominant during different points of the circadian cycle, may result in the phase advancement of the circadian clock seen during DNA damage. Many physiological processes are regulated by the circadian clock, and we are continuing to learn about the role of the circadian clock in disease. Research in recent years has begun to shed light on the feedback mechanisms that exist between circadian regulation and other processes, including metabolism and the response to DNA damage. A challenge has been to understand the dynamic nature of the protein interactions of these processes, which often involve protein modification as a means of communicating cellular states, such as damaged DNA. Here we have devised a model that simulates an alteration of the circadian clock that is observed during DNA damage response. A novel aspect of this model is the inclusion of SIRT1, a protein that regulates core circadian proteins through modification and helps to repress gene expression. SIRT1 is dependent on a metabolite regulated by the circadian clock and is depleted during DNA damage. In conjunction with a second form of protein modification, our results suggest that multiple forms of protein modification may contribute to the experimentally observed alterations to circadian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Luna
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Geoffrey B. McFadden
- Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mirit I. Aladjem
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kurt W. Kohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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198
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Saini C, Brown SA, Dibner C. Human peripheral clocks: applications for studying circadian phenotypes in physiology and pathophysiology. Front Neurol 2015; 6:95. [PMID: 26029154 PMCID: PMC4429585 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most light-sensitive organisms on earth have acquired an internal system of circadian clocks allowing the anticipation of light or darkness. In humans, the circadian system governs nearly all aspects of physiology and behavior. Circadian phenotypes, including chronotype, vary dramatically among individuals and over individual lifespan. Recent studies have revealed that the characteristics of human skin fibroblast clocks correlate with donor chronotype. Given the complexity of circadian phenotype assessment in humans, the opportunity to study oscillator properties by using cultured primary cells has the potential to uncover molecular details difficult to assess directly in humans. Since altered properties of the circadian oscillator have been associated with many diseases including metabolic disorders and cancer, clock characteristics assessed in additional primary cell types using similar technologies might represent an important tool for exploring the connection between chronotype and disease, and for diagnostic purposes. Here, we review implications of this approach for gathering insights into human circadian rhythms and their function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Saini
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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199
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Sallam H, El-Serafi AT, Filipski E, Terelius Y, Lévi F, Hassan M. The effect of circadian rhythm on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the Cdk inhibitor, roscovitine, in tumor mice model. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:608-14. [PMID: 25938685 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1022782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Roscovitine is a selective Cdk-inhibitor that is under investigation in phase II clinical trials under several conditions, including chemotherapy. Tumor growth inhibition has been previously shown to be affected by the dosing time of roscovitine in a Glasgow osteosarcoma xenograft mouse model. In the current study, we examined the effect of dose timing on the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and metabolism of this drug in different organs in B6D2F1 mice. The drug was orally administered at resting (ZT3) or activity time of the mice (ZT19) at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Plasma and organs were removed at serial time points (10, 20 and 30 min; 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h) after the administration. Roscovitine and its carboxylic metabolite concentrations were analyzed using HPLC-UV, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated in different organs. We found that systemic exposure to roscovitine was 38% higher when dosing at ZT3, and elimination half-life was double compared to when dosing at ZT19. Higher organ concentrations expressed as (organ/plasma) ratio were observed when dosing at ZT3 in the kidney (180%), adipose tissue (188%), testis (132%) and lungs (112%), while the liver exposure to roscovitine was 120% higher after dosing at ZT19. The metabolic ratio was approximately 23% higher at ZT19, while the intrinsic clearance (CLint) was approximately 67% higher at ZT19, indicating faster and more efficient metabolism. These differences may be caused by circadian differences in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion processes governing roscovitine disposition in the mice. In this article, we describe for the first time the chronobiodistribution of roscovitine in the mouse and the contribution of the dosing time to the variability of its metabolism. Our results may help in designing better dosing schedules of roscovitine in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Sallam
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Abstract
Most living beings, including humans, must adapt to rhythmically occurring daily changes in their environment that are generated by the Earth's rotation. In the course of evolution, these organisms have acquired an internal circadian timing system that can anticipate environmental oscillations and thereby govern their rhythmic physiology in a proactive manner. In mammals, the circadian timing system coordinates virtually all physiological processes encompassing vigilance states, metabolism, endocrine functions and cardiovascular activity. Research performed during the past two decades has established that almost every cell in the body possesses its own circadian timekeeper. The resulting clock network is organized in a hierarchical manner. A master pacemaker, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, is synchronized every day to the photoperiod. In turn, the SCN determines the phase of the cellular clocks in peripheral organs through a wide variety of signalling pathways dependent on feeding cycles, body temperature rhythms, oscillating bloodborne signals and, in some organs, inputs of the peripheral nervous system. A major purpose of circadian clocks in peripheral tissues is the temporal orchestration of key metabolic processes, including food processing (metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification). Here, we review some recent findings regarding the molecular and cellular composition of the circadian timing system and discuss its implications for the temporal coordination of metabolism in health and disease. We focus primarily on metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, although circadian misalignments (shiftwork or 'social jet lag') have also been associated with the aetiology of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dibner
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Hypertension, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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