151
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Cunniffe B, Sharma V, Cardinale M, Yellon D. Characterization of muscle oxygenation response to vascular occlusion: implications for remote ischaemic preconditioning and physical Performance. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 37:785-793. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Cunniffe
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health; University College London; London UK
- English Institute of Sport; Bisham Abbey; Marlow UK
| | - V. Sharma
- UCL; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute; London UK
- Department of Internal Medicine; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Cardinale
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health; University College London; London UK
- Aspire Academy; Doha Qatar
| | - D. Yellon
- UCL; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute; London UK
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152
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van Mil ACCM, Pearson J, Drane AL, Cockcroft JR, McDonnell BJ, Stöhr EJ. Interaction between left ventricular twist mechanics and arterial haemodynamics during localised, non-metabolic hyperaemia with and without blood flow restriction. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:509-20. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Pearson
- Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
- University of Colorado; Colorado Springs CO USA
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153
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Hartwig V, Marinelli M, Rocco F, L’Abbate A. Assessment of Microvascular Function Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopic 2D Imaging of Whole Hand Combined with Vascular Occlusion Test. J Med Biol Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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154
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Yonezawa T, Nomura K, Onodera T, Ichimura S, Mizoguchi H, Takemura H. Evaluation of venous return in lower limb by passive ankle exercise performed by PHARAD. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:3582-5. [PMID: 26737067 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents evaluation of venous return, i.e., blood flow volume of vein (BF), in the lower limb after passive exercise performed by our developed "parallel link type human ankle rehabilitation assistive device (PHARAD)". The PHARAD can perform complex passive exercises (plantar flexion/dorsiflexion, inversion/eversion, adduction/abduction, and combination of these motions) by reproducing input motions of a foot plate that is attached to a sole of foot. The passive exercise can be performed for not only rehabilitation but also prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this study, we measured the concentration of Total hemoglobin (Total-Hb) using multi-channel near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS)-based tissue oximeters and calculated a gradient of Total-Hb during a venous occlusion. We defined the gradient as BF and evaluated BF after 3 min passive exercise performed by the PHARAD comparing to BF of resting. Seven healthy young adult people were recruited for the experiment and we assessed passive exercise, active exercise, and walking. Experimental results show that BF after the passive exercises significantly increases compare to BF of resting and this indicates that passive exercises performed by the PHARAD increases BF and has a potential to prevent DVT.
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155
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Jones S, Chiesa ST, Chaturvedi N, Hughes AD. Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the assessment of local skeletal muscle microvascular function and capacity to utilise oxygen. Artery Res 2016; 16:25-33. [PMID: 27942271 PMCID: PMC5134760 DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Continuous wave near infrared spectroscopy (CW NIRS) provides non-invasive technology to measure relative changes in oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin in a dynamic environment. This allows determination of local skeletal muscle O2 saturation, muscle oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and blood flow. This article provides a brief overview of the use of CW NIRS to measure exercise-limiting factors in skeletal muscle. Recent findings NIRS parameters that measure O2 delivery and capacity to utilise O2 in the muscle have been developed based on response to physiological interventions and exercise. NIRS has good reproducibility and agreement with gold standard techniques and can be used in clinical populations where muscle oxidative capacity or oxygen delivery (or both) are impaired. CW NIRS has limitations including: the unknown contribution of myoglobin to the overall signals, the impact of adipose tissue thickness, skin perfusion during exercise, and variations in skin pigmentation. These, in the main, can be circumvented through appropriate study design or measurement of absolute tissue saturation. Summary CW NIRS can assess skeletal muscle O2 delivery and utilisation without the use of expensive or invasive procedures and is useable in large population-based samples, including older adults. An overview of CW NIRS to measure O2 utilisation and delivery is presented. CW NIRS is cheap, non-invasive, portable and useable in population-based samples. It is useful for understanding underlying mechanisms of deterioration in capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siana Jones
- Corresponding author. UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, 10th Floor, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK. Fax: +44 207 594 1706.UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science10th Floor, 1-19 Torrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7HEUK
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156
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Skovereng K, Ettema G, van Beekvelt M. Local muscle oxygen consumption related to external and joint specific power. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 45:161-71. [PMID: 26650852 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of external work rate on joint specific power and the relationship between knee extension power and vastus lateralis muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2). We measured kinematics and pedal forces and used inverse dynamics to calculate joint power for the hip, knee and ankle joints during an incremental cycling protocol performed by 21 recreational cyclists. Vastus lateralis mVO2 was estimated using near-infrared spectroscopy with an arterial occlusion. The main finding was a non-linear relationship between vastus lateralis mVO2 and external work rate that was characterised by an increase followed by a tendency for a levelling off (R(2)=0.99 and 0.94 for the quadratic and linear models respectively, p<0.05). When comparing 100W and 225W, there was a ∼43W increase in knee extension but still a ∼9% decrease in relative contribution of knee extension to external work rate resulting from a ∼47W increase in hip extension. When vastus lateralis mVO2 was related to knee extension power, the relationship was still non-linear (R(2)=0.99 and 0.97 for the quadratic and linear models respectively, p<0.05). These results demonstrate a non-linear response in mVO2 relative to a change in external work rate. Relating vastus lateralis mVO2 to knee extension power showed a better fit to a linear equation compared to external work rate, but it is not a straight line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Skovereng
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gertjan Ettema
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mireille van Beekvelt
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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157
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Van Thienen R, Hespel P. Enhanced muscular oxygen extraction in athletes exaggerates hypoxemia during exercise in hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:351-61. [PMID: 26607244 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00210.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High rate of muscular oxygen utilization facilitates the development of hypoxemia during exercise at altitude. Because endurance training stimulates oxygen extraction capacity, we investigated whether endurance athletes are at higher risk to developing hypoxemia and thereby acute mountain sickness symptoms during exercise at simulated high altitude. Elite athletes (ATL; n = 8) and fit controls (CON; n = 7) cycled for 20 min at 100 W (EX100W), as well as performed an incremental maximal oxygen consumption test (EXMAX) in normobaric hypoxia (0.107 inspired O2 fraction) or normoxia (0.209 inspired O2 fraction). Cardiorespiratory responses, arterial Po2 (PaO2), and oxygenation status in m. vastus lateralis [tissue oxygenation index (TOIM)] and frontal cortex (TOIC) by near-infrared spectroscopy, were measured. Muscle O2 uptake rate was estimated from change in oxyhemoglobin concentration during a 10-min arterial occlusion in m. gastrocnemius. Maximal oxygen consumption in normoxia was 70 ± 2 ml·min(-1·)kg(-1) in ATL vs. 43 ± 2 ml·min(-1·)kg(-1) in CON, and in hypoxia decreased more in ATL (-41%) than in CON (-25%, P < 0.05). Both in normoxia at PaO2 of ∼95 Torr, and in hypoxia at PaO2 of ∼35 Torr, muscle O2 uptake was twofold higher in ATL than in CON (0.12 vs. 0.06 ml·min(-1)·100 g(-1); P < 0.05). During EX100W in hypoxia, PaO2 dropped to lower (P < 0.05) values in ATL (27.6 ± 0.7 Torr) than in CON (33.5 ± 1.0 Torr). During EXMAX, but not during EX100W, TOIM was ∼15% lower in ATL than in CON (P < 0.05). TOIC was similar between the groups at any time. This study shows that maintenance of high muscular oxygen extraction rate at very low circulating PaO2 stimulates the development of hypoxemia during submaximal exercise in hypoxia in endurance-trained individuals. This effect may predispose to premature development of acute mountain sickness symptoms during exercise at altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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158
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Stöcker F, Von Oldershausen C, Paternoster FK, Schulz T, Oberhoffer R. End-exercise ΔHHb/ΔVO 2 and post-exercise local oxygen availability in relation to exercise intensity. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:384-393. [PMID: 26576503 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased local blood supply is thought to be one of the mechanisms underlying oxidative adaptations to interval training regimes. The relationship of exercise intensity with local blood supply and oxygen availability has not been sufficiently evaluated yet. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of six different intensities (40-90% peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak ) on relative changes in oxygenated, deoxygenated and total haemoglobin (ΔO2 Hb, ΔHHb, ΔTHb) concentration after exercise as well as end-exercise ΔHHb/ΔVO2 as a marker for microvascular O2 distribution. Seventeen male subjects performed an experimental protocol consisting of 3 min cycling bouts at each exercise intensity in randomized order, separated by 5 min rests. ΔO2 Hb and ΔHHb were monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy of the vastus lateralis muscle, and VO2 was assessed. ΔHHb/ΔVO2 increased significantly from 40% to 60% VO2 peak and decreased from 60% to 90% VO2 peak. Post-exercise ΔTHb and ΔO2 Hb showed an overshoot in relation to pre-exercise values, which was equal after 40-60% VO2peak and rose significantly thereafter. A plateau was reached following exercise at ≥80% VO2peak . The results suggest that there is an increasing mismatch of local O2 delivery and utilization during exercise up to 60% VO2peak . This insufficient local O2 distribution is progressively improved above that intensity. Further, exercise intensities of ≥80% VO2peak induce highest local post-exercise O2 availability. These effects are likely due to improved microvascular perfusion by enhanced vasodilation, which could be mediated by higher lactate production and the accompanying acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stöcker
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - C Von Oldershausen
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - F K Paternoster
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - T Schulz
- Department for Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - R Oberhoffer
- Department for Preventive Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Germany
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159
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Olivier N, Boissière J, Allart E, Mucci P, Thevenon A, Daussin F, Tiffreau V. Evaluation of muscle oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 26:47-55. [PMID: 26608622 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of the study was to determine muscle metabolism adaptation to exercise in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy patients (FSHD) and to study the correlation with clinical functional status (6-min walk test). 8 FSHD patients and 15 age-matched healthy controls (Controls) performed two isokinetic constant-load knee extension exercises: (1) at 20% of their maximal extensors' peak torque (i.e., the same relative workload) and (2) at (20N⋅m) (the same absolute workload) for up to 4 min. All exercises consisted of rhythmic, voluntary, isokinetic, concentric contractions of the quadriceps femoris at 90°/s, whereas the flexion was performed passively at the same speed. Muscle oxygenation in the vastus lateralis was evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The FSHD patients displayed a lower maximal peak torque than controls (-41%, p < 0.05). During the two-exercise modalities, deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb) and total haemoglobin volume (tHb) were lower in the FSHD patients (p < 0.05). The initial muscle deoxygenation time delay was shorter in the control group (FSHD: 15.1 ± 4.1 s vs. CONTROLS 10.4 ± 2.1 s, p < 0.05). Mean response time and maximal peak torque were both correlated with functional impairment (walking endurance). The results suggest that FSHD patients present an impairment in their capacity to deliver or to use oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Olivier
- EA 7369, URePSSS: team 1 - physical activity, muscle, health, University of Lille, 9, rue de l'Université, 59790 Ronchin, France.
| | - J Boissière
- EA 7369, URePSSS: team 1 - physical activity, muscle, health, University of Lille, 9, rue de l'Université, 59790 Ronchin, France
| | - E Allart
- Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Centre, Hôpital Swynghedauw, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - P Mucci
- EA 7369, URePSSS: team 1 - physical activity, muscle, health, University of Lille, 9, rue de l'Université, 59790 Ronchin, France
| | - A Thevenon
- EA 7369, URePSSS: team 1 - physical activity, muscle, health, University of Lille, 9, rue de l'Université, 59790 Ronchin, France; Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Centre, Hôpital Swynghedauw, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - F Daussin
- EA 7369, URePSSS: team 1 - physical activity, muscle, health, University of Lille, 9, rue de l'Université, 59790 Ronchin, France
| | - V Tiffreau
- EA 7369, URePSSS: team 1 - physical activity, muscle, health, University of Lille, 9, rue de l'Université, 59790 Ronchin, France; Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Centre, Hôpital Swynghedauw, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille, France
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160
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Cross TJ, Sabapathy S. The impact of venous occlusion per se on forearm muscle blood flow: implications for the near-infrared spectroscopy venous occlusion technique. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:293-298. [PMID: 26427913 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of venous occlusion per se on forearm muscle blood flow, as determined by the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) venous occlusion technique (NIRS-VOT). NIRS data were obtained from the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle on the dominant arm of 16 young, ostensibly healthy participants (14 men and two women; 30 ± 6 year; 73 ± 7 kg). Participants completed a series of five venous occlusion trials while seated at rest, and a series of 12 venous occlusion trials during a reactive hyperaemia induced by 5 min of forearm arterial occlusion. The NIRS-VOT was used to assess FDS muscle blood flow (Q˙mus), beat-by-beat, over the first four cardiac beats during venous occlusions. Q˙mus was also reported as a cumulative value, wherein the first two, first three and first four cardiac beats were used to calculate muscle blood flow. We observed that Q˙mus was highest when calculated over the first cardiac beat during venous occlusions performed at rest and throughout reactive hyperaemia (P<0·05). Moreover, the inclusion of more than one cardiac beat in the calculation of Q˙mus underestimated muscle blood flows, irrespective of the prevailing level of arterial inflow. These findings support the idea that venous occlusion per se affects the measurement of Q˙mus via the NIRS-VOT. Accordingly, it is recommended that Q˙mus is determined over the first cardiac beat when using the NIRS-VOT to assess microvascular blood flow of human forearm muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J Cross
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendran Sabapathy
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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161
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Orbegozo Cortés D, Puflea F, De Backer D, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the effects of local ischemic preconditioning in the muscle of healthy volunteers and critically ill patients. Microvasc Res 2015; 102:25-32. [PMID: 26265192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) permits non-invasive evaluation of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). A vascular occlusion test (VOT) produces transient controlled ischemia similar to that used in ischemic preconditioning. We hypothesized that we could evaluate local responses to ischemic preconditioning by performing repeated VOTs and observing the changes in different NIRS VOT-derived variables. In healthy volunteers (n=20), four VOTs were performed at 30-min intervals on one day and, in a second group (n=21), two VOTs with time intervals of 5, 15 or 30min were performed on 3 separate days. Two cohorts of patients, one with circulatory shock (n=23) and a hemodynamically stable group (n=20), were also studied, repeating the VOT twice with a 5-min interval. In the 1-day volunteers, there was a median decrease of 15 (6-21)% in the Desc slope (StO2 decrease during VOT) after the second VOT, but no significant change in the Asc slope (StO2 increase after VOT). In the 3-day volunteers, the Desc slope also decreased, regardless of the time interval between VOTs. There was no overall decrease in the Desc slope in either patient cohort with repeated VOTs but there was marked individual patient variability. Patients in whom the Desc slope decreased had less organ dysfunction at admission, required less norepinephrine (0.00 vs 0.08mcg/kg/min, p=0.02), less frequently had sepsis (12 vs 50%, p=0.02) and had a lower mortality (6 vs 39%, p=0.03) compared to those in whom it did not decrease. Repeated NIRS VOT can non-invasively assess the local effects of ischemic preconditioning in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orbegozo Cortés
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florin Puflea
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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162
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Cross TJ, van Beekvelt M, Constantini K, Sabapathy S. Measurement of regional forearm muscle haemodynamics via the near-infrared spectroscopy venous occlusion technique: the impact of hand circulatory occlusion. Physiol Meas 2015; 35:2563-73. [PMID: 25419965 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/12/2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether circulatory occlusion of the hand impacts on regional forearm muscle haemodynamics as determined by the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) venous occlusion technique (NIRSVOT). Twenty-five young, healthy participants (18 males and 7 females; 28 ± 4 years; 71 ± 7 kg) completed two experimental protocols that were performed on the dominant arm: (1) a series of five venous occlusion trials with a suprasystolic cuff (>260 mmHg) applied to the wrist and (2) five venous occlusion trials without hand-occlusion. Both protocols were performed twice in a counterbalanced manner. NIRS data were obtained from the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle using a dual wavelength, continuous-wave spectrophotometer. FDS muscle blood flow (Q(FDS)), vascular conductance (C(FDS)), O2 consumption (Vo(2FDS)), and venous O2 saturation (SvO2) were calculated from NIRS data during the initial 5 s of venous occlusion. Circulatory occlusion of the hand via wrist cuffing significantly (P < 0.05) reduced Q(FDS) (-36 ± 23%), CFDS (-37 ± 23%), Vo2(FDS) (-14 ± 31%) and SvO2 (-14 ± 12%). These findings indicate that hand-occlusion, via wrist cuffing, adversely impacts on regional forearm haemodynamics as determined by the NIRS-VOT. Consequently, it is recommended that future investigators avoid hand-occlusion when using the NIRS-VOT to quantify spontaneous haemodynamics of regional forearm muscle.
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163
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Shadgan B, Med S, Pakravan AH, Hoens A, Reid WD. Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Hemodynamics and Oxygenation After Cold-Spray Application as Monitored by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Athl Train 2015; 50:800-5. [PMID: 26098273 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-50.6.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vapocoolant spray, commonly known as cold spray (CS), is a cryotherapy modality used in sports medicine, athletic training, and rehabilitation settings. Proposed physiologic effects of cryotherapy modalities include reductions in tissue blood flow, oxygenation, and cell metabolism in addition to attenuation of pain perception attributed to reduced superficial nerve conduction velocity. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of CS on subcutaneous and intramuscular blood flow and oxygenation on the thigh muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy, an optical method to monitor changes in tissue oxygenated (O2Hb), deoxygenated (HHb), and total (tHb) hemoglobin. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Muscle Biophysics Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Participants were 13 healthy adults (8 men, 5 women; age = 37.4 ± 6 years, body mass index = 27.4 ± 2.6, adipose tissue thickness = 7.2 ± 1.8 mm). INTERVENTION(S) Conventional CS was applied to the vastus medialis muscles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Changes in chromophore concentrations of O2Hb, HHb, and tHb at superficial and deep layers were monitored for 5 minutes using a 2-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Thirty seconds after CS application, we observed a decrease from baseline in O2Hb and tHb only in the superficial layer that was maintained for 3 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Application of CS induced a transient change in blood flow and oxygenation of the superficial tissues with no change in deeper tissues over the healthy vastus medialis muscle. The limited physiologic effect of CS on the superficial hemodynamics and oxygenation of limb muscles may limit the therapeutic benefit of this cryotherapy modality to a temporary analgesic effect, a hypothesis that warrants a clinical trial on traumatized muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sports Med
- Centre of International Collaborations on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amir H Pakravan
- Cambridge University Hospital, United Kingdom. Dr Reid is now at Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Hoens
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - W Darlene Reid
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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164
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Fu TC, Chou SL, Chen TT, Wang CH, Chang HH, Wang JS. Central and Peripheral Hemodynamic Adaptations During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Heart Failure Patients With Exercise Periodic Breathing. Int Heart J 2015; 56:432-8. [PMID: 26084463 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Some heart failure (HF) patients develop ventilatory oscillation which is composed of exercise periodic breathing (EPB) and sleep apnea. The ventilatory oscillation is associated with exercise intolerance. This study employed an integrated monitoring system to elucidate the way of central and peripheral hemodynamic adaption responding to exercise. This study recruited 157 HF patients to perform exercise testing using a bicycle ergometer. A noninvasive bio-reactance device was adopted to measure cardiac hemodynamics, whereas a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to assess perfusion and O2 extraction in the frontal cerebral lobe (FC) and vastus lateralis muscle (VL) during exercise respectively. Furthermore, quality of life (QoL) was measured with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaires (MLHFQ). The patients were divided into an EPB group (n = 65) and a non-EPB group (n = 92) according to their ventilation patterns during testing. Compared to their non-EPB counterparts, the patients with EPB exhibited 1) impaired aerobic capacity with a smaller peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and oxygen uptake efficiency slopes; 2) impaired circulatory and ventilatory efficiency with relatively high cardiac output and ventilation per unit workload; 3) impaired ventilatory/hemodynamic adaptation in response to exercise with elevated deoxyhemoglobin levels in the FC region; and 4) impaired QoL with lower physical component scores on the SF-36 and higher scores on the MLHFQ. In conclusion, EPB may reduce circulatory-ventilatory-hemodynamic efficiency during exercise, thereby impairing functional capacity in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieh-Cheng Fu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2) Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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165
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Caliandro P, Mirabella M, Padua L, Simbolotti C, Fino CD, Iacovelli C, Sancricca C, Rossini PM. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:830-7. [PMID: 25287218 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we evaluated whether near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can determine the metabolic patterns of dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), and inclusion-body myositis (IBM). METHODS We enrolled 10 consecutive patients affected by DM, 11 by PM, and 9 by IBM, and 3 groups of healthy controls. We measured changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin in the extensor digitorum communis during venous and arterial occlusion testing (VOT) and post-occlusion hyperemia. RESULTS DM showed lower oxygen consumption (P=0.04) during VOT and reduced oxygen supply after VOT (P=0.04) compared with controls. IBM patients showed higher oxygen consumption (P=0.04) during VOT and higher oxygen supply after VOT (P=0.03) than controls. DM patients showed reduced oxidative metabolism compared with IBM (P=0.001), and an impaired ability to supply oxygen compared with PM (P=0.03) and IBM (P=0.001) patients. CONCLUSIONS NIRS differentiated samples of DM and IBM patients from controls, but it could not distinguish PM patients from a sample of healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Caliandro
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mirabella
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara De Fino
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Sancricca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Orthopedics, and Physiatrics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,IRCSS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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166
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Southern WM, Ryan TE, Kepple K, Murrow JR, Nilsson KR, McCully KK. Reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and impaired training adaptations in heart failure. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12353. [PMID: 25855248 PMCID: PMC4425959 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systolic heart failure (HF) is associated with exercise intolerance that has been attributed, in part, to skeletal muscle dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to compare skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and training-induced changes in oxidative capacity in participants with and without HF. Participants with HF (n = 16, 65 ± 6.6 years) were compared with control participants without HF (n = 23, 61 ± 5.0 years). A subset of participants (HF: n = 7, controls: n = 5) performed 4 weeks of wrist-flexor exercise training. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity was determined from the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) following a brief bout of wrist-flexor exercise. Oxidative capacity, prior to exercise training, was significantly lower in the HF participants in both the dominant (1.31 ± 0.30 min−1 vs. 1.59 ± 0.25 min−1, P = 0.002; HF and control groups, respectively) and nondominant arms (1.29 ± 0.24 min−1 vs. 1.46 ± 0.23 min−1, P = 0.04; HF and control groups, respectively). Following 4 weeks of endurance training, there was a significant difference in the training response between HF and controls, as the difference in oxidative training adaptations was 0.69 ± 0.12 min−1 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.43, 0.96). The wrist-flexor training induced a ∼50% improvement in oxidative capacity in participants without HF (mean difference from baseline = 0.66 ± 0.09 min−1, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.33, 0.98), whereas participants with HF showed no improvement in oxidative capacity (mean difference from baseline = −0.04 ± 0.08 min−1, P = 0.66, 95% CI −0.24, 0.31), suggesting impairments in mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, participants with HF had reduced oxidative capacity and impaired oxidative adaptations to endurance exercise compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan R Murrow
- University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Georgia Regents University, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kent R Nilsson
- University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Georgia Regents University, Athens, Georgia
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167
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Pageaux B, Angius L, Hopker JG, Lepers R, Marcora SM. Central alterations of neuromuscular function and feedback from group III-IV muscle afferents following exhaustive high-intensity one-leg dynamic exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R1008-20. [PMID: 25855308 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00280.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this investigation were to describe the central alterations of neuromuscular function induced by exhaustive high-intensity one-leg dynamic exercise (OLDE, study 1) and to indirectly quantify feedback from group III-IV muscle afferents via muscle occlusion (MO, study 2) in healthy adult male humans. We hypothesized that these central alterations and their recovery are associated with changes in afferent feedback. Both studies consisted of two time-to-exhaustion tests at 85% peak power output. In study 1, voluntary activation level (VAL), M-wave, cervicomedullary motor evoked potential (CMEP), motor evoked potential (MEP), and MEP cortical silent period (CSP) of the knee extensor muscles were measured. In study 2, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and leg muscle pain were measured during MO. Measurements were performed preexercise, at exhaustion, and after 3 min recovery. Compared with preexercise values, VAL was lower at exhaustion (-13 ± 13%, P < 0.05) and after 3 min of recovery (-6 ± 6%, P = 0.05). CMEP area/M area was lower at exhaustion (-38 ± 13%, P < 0.01) and recovered after 3 min. MEP area/M area was higher at exhaustion (+25 ± 27%, P < 0.01) and after 3 min of recovery (+17 ± 20%, P < 0.01). CSP was higher (+19 ± 9%, P < 0.01) only at exhaustion and recovered after 3 min. Markers of afferent feedback (MAP and leg muscle pain during MO) were significantly higher only at exhaustion. These findings suggest that the alterations in spinal excitability and CSP induced by high-intensity OLDE are associated with an increase in afferent feedback at exhaustion, whereas central fatigue does not fully recover even when significant afferent feedback is no longer present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pageaux
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Luca Angius
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom; and
| | - James G Hopker
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Romuald Lepers
- Laboratoire Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médical U1093, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté des Sciences du Sports, UFR STAPS, Dijon, France
| | - Samuele M Marcora
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom; and
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Duret J, Pottecher J, Bouzat P, Brun J, Harrois A, Payen JF, Duranteau J. Skeletal muscle oxygenation in severe trauma patients during haemorrhagic shock resuscitation. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:141. [PMID: 25882441 PMCID: PMC4391580 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Early alterations in tissue oxygenation may worsen patient outcome following traumatic haemorrhagic shock. We hypothesized that muscle oxygenation measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on admission could be associated with subsequent change in the SOFA score after resuscitation. Methods The study was conducted in two Level I trauma centres and included 54 consecutive trauma patients with haemorrhagic shock, presenting within 6 hours of injury. Baseline tissue haemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2) in the thenar eminence muscle and StO2 changes during a vascular occlusion test (VOT) were determined at 6 hours (H6) and 72 hours (H72) after the admission to the emergency room. Patients showing an improved SOFA score at H72 (SOFA improvers) were compared to those for whom it was unchanged or worse (SOFA non-improvers). Results Of the 54 patients, 34 patients were SOFA improvers and 20 SOFA non-improvers. They had comparable injury severity scores on admission. SOFA improvers had higher baseline StO2 values and a steeper StO2 desaturation slope at H6 compared to the SOFA non-improvers. These StO2 variables similarly correlated with the intra-hospital mortality. The StO2 reperfusion slope at H6 was similar between the two groups of patients. Conclusions Differences in StO2 parameters on admission of traumatic haemorrhagic shock were found between patients who had an improvement in organ failure in the first 72 hours and those who had unchanged or worse conditions. The use of NIRS to guide the initial management of trauma patients with haemorrhagic shock warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Duret
- Pole Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, Boulevard de la Chantourne, Grenoble, F-38043, France.
| | - Julien Pottecher
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale SAMU, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, 1 avenue Molière, F-67098, Strasbourg, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Equipe d'Accueil EA3072 "Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire", 11 rue Humann, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Pole Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, Boulevard de la Chantourne, Grenoble, F-38043, France. .,Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble, F-38043, France. .,INSERM, U836, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, Grenoble, F-38042, France.
| | - Julien Brun
- Pole Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, Boulevard de la Chantourne, Grenoble, F-38043, France.
| | - Anatole Harrois
- AP-HP, Service d' Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, F-94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,Laboratoire d'Etude de la Microcirculation, "Bio-CANVAS: Biomarqueurs in CardiaNeuroVascular Diseases" UMRS 942, 2 Rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Francois Payen
- Pole Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Michallon, Boulevard de la Chantourne, Grenoble, F-38043, France. .,Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, Grenoble, F-38043, France. .,INSERM, U836, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, Grenoble, F-38042, France.
| | - Jacques Duranteau
- AP-HP, Service d' Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, F-94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,Laboratoire d'Etude de la Microcirculation, "Bio-CANVAS: Biomarqueurs in CardiaNeuroVascular Diseases" UMRS 942, 2 Rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
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The physiological responses to repeated upper-body sprint exercise in highly trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1381-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zamani P, Rawat D, Shiva-Kumar P, Geraci S, Bhuva R, Konda P, Doulias PT, Ischiropoulos H, Townsend RR, Margulies KB, Cappola TP, Poole DC, Chirinos JA. Effect of inorganic nitrate on exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation 2014; 131:371-80; discussion 380. [PMID: 25533966 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic nitrate (NO3(-)), abundant in certain vegetables, is converted to nitrite by bacteria in the oral cavity. Nitrite can be converted to nitric oxide in the setting of hypoxia. We tested the hypothesis that NO3(-) supplementation improves exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction via specific adaptations to exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventeen subjects participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing a single dose of NO3-rich beetroot juice (NO3(-), 12.9 mmol) with an identical nitrate-depleted placebo. Subjects performed supine-cycle maximal-effort cardiopulmonary exercise tests, with measurements of cardiac output and skeletal muscle oxygenation. We also assessed skeletal muscle oxidative function. Study end points included exercise efficiency (total work/total oxygen consumed), peak VO2, total work performed, vasodilatory reserve, forearm mitochondrial oxidative function, and augmentation index (a marker of arterial wave reflections, measured via radial arterial tonometry). Supplementation increased plasma nitric oxide metabolites (median, 326 versus 10 μmol/L; P=0.0003), peak VO2 (12.6±3.7 versus 11.6±3.1 mL O2·min(-1)·kg(-1); P=0.005), and total work performed (55.6±35.3 versus 49.2±28.9 kJ; P=0.04). However, efficiency was unchanged. NO3(-) led to greater reductions in systemic vascular resistance (-42.4±16.6% versus -31.8±20.3%; P=0.03) and increases in cardiac output (121.2±59.9% versus 88.7±53.3%; P=0.006) with exercise. NO3(-) reduced aortic augmentation index (132.2±16.7% versus 141.4±21.9%; P=0.03) and tended to improve mitochondrial oxidative function. CONCLUSIONS NO3(-) increased exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by targeting peripheral abnormalities. Efficiency did not change as a result of parallel increases in total work and VO2. NO3(-) increased exercise vasodilatory and cardiac output reserves. NO3(-) also reduced arterial wave reflections, which are linked to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and remodeling. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01919177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payman Zamani
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Deepa Rawat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Prithvi Shiva-Kumar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Salvatore Geraci
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Rushik Bhuva
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Prasad Konda
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Paschalis-Thomas Doulias
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Thomas P Cappola
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - David C Poole
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.)
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (P.Z., P.S.-K., P.K., K.B.M., T.P.C., J.A.C.); Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (D.R., P.S.-K., S.G., R.B., J.A.C.); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA (P.-T.D., H.I.); Division of Nephrology/Hypertension. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (R.R.T.); and Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy, and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan (D.C.P.).
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Orbegozo Cortés D, Puflea F, Donadello K, Taccone FS, Gottin L, Creteur J, Vincent JL, De Backer D. Normobaric hyperoxia alters the microcirculation in healthy volunteers. Microvasc Res 2014; 98:23-8. [PMID: 25433297 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of high concentrations of inhaled oxygen has been associated with adverse effects but recent data suggest a potential therapeutic role of normobaric hyperoxia (NH) in sepsis and cerebral ischemia. Hyperoxia may induce vasoconstriction and alter endothelial function, so we evaluated its effects on the microcirculation in 40 healthy adult volunteers using side-stream dark field (SDF) video-microscopy on the sublingual area and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on the thenar eminence. In a first group of volunteers (n=18), measurements were taken every 30 min: at baseline in air, during NH (close to 100% oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask) and during recovery in air. In a second group (n=22), NIRS measurements were taken in NH or ambient air on two separate days to prevent any potential influence of repeated NIRS measurements. NH significantly decreased the proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) from 92% to 66%, perfused vessel density (PVD) from 11.0 to 7.3 vessels/mm, perfused small vessel density (PSVD) from 9.0 to 5.8 vessels/mm and microvascular flow index (MFI) from 2.8 to 2.0, and increased PPV heterogeneity from 7.5% to 30.4%. Thirty minutes after return to air, PPV, PVD, PSVD and MFI remained partially altered. During NH, NIRS descending slope and NIRS muscle oxygen consumption (VO2) decreased from 8.5 to 7.9%/s and 127 to 103 units, respectively, in the first group and from 10.7 to 9.4%/s and 150 to 115 units in the second group. NH, therefore, alters the microcirculation in healthy subjects, decreasing capillary perfusion and VO2 and increasing the heterogeneity of the perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orbegozo Cortés
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florin Puflea
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Intensive Care Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Katia Donadello
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Gottin
- Intensive Care Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacques Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Woodside JDS, Gutowski M, Fall L, James PE, McEneny J, Young IS, Ogoh S, Bailey DM. Systemic oxidative-nitrosative-inflammatory stress during acute exercise in hypoxia; implications for microvascular oxygenation and aerobic capacity. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1648-62. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John D. S. Woodside
- Vascular Physiology Unit; Institute of Cardiovascular Science; University College London; London UK
| | - Mariusz Gutowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Lewis Fall
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory; Faculty of Life Sciences and Education; University of South Wales; Pontypridd UK
| | - Philip E. James
- Wales Heart Research Institute; Cardiff University School of Medicine; Heath Park Cardiff Pontypridd UK
| | - Jane McEneny
- Centre for Public Health; Nutrition and Metabolism Group; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - Ian S. Young
- Centre for Public Health; Nutrition and Metabolism Group; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Toyo University; Kawagoe-Shi Saitama Japan
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory; Faculty of Life Sciences and Education; University of South Wales; Pontypridd UK
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173
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Kankaanpää M, Colier WN, Taimela S, Anders C, Airaksinen O, Kokko-Aro SM, Hänninen O. Back extensor muscle oxygenation and fatigability in healthy subjects and low back pain patients during dynamic back extension exertion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 12:267-73. [PMID: 16289763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2005.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess if chronic low back pain patients have impaired paraspinal muscle O2 turnover and endurance capacity as compared to healthy control subjects during dynamic exercise. Middle-aged healthy male subjects (n = 12, control) and male patients with chronic low back pain (n = 17, CLBP) participated in the study. L4–L5 level paraspinal muscle fatigue was objectively assessed during earlier validated 90 s dynamic back endurance test (spectral EMG, MPFslope). Also EMG amplitude (EMGamplitude) and initial MPF (MPFinitial) were assessed from the initial 5 s of the endurance contraction. Simultaneously near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used for quantitative measurement of local L4–L5 paraspinal muscle O2 consumption. Subcutaneous tissue thickness (ATT) was measured from the EMG and NIRS recording sites. The results indicated that control and CLBP groups were compatible as regarding anthropometric variables, paraspinal muscle activation levels (EMGamplitude), initial MPF (MPFinitial) and ATT. When the ATT was used as a covariate in the ANOVA analysis, CLBP group did not show significantly greater paraspinal muscle fatigability (right MPFslope – 12.2 ± 10.7%/min, left right MPFslope – 12.6 ± 13.3%/min) or O2 consumption (right NIRSslope – 52.8 ± 79.6 μM/l/s) as compared to healthy controls (right MPFslope – 11.9 ± 7.6%/min, left MPFslope – 12.7 ± 8.6%/min, right NIRSslope – 53.7 ± 95.2 μM/l/s). As a conclusion, these CLBP male patients did not show any impaired rate of paraspinal muscle oxygen consumption or excessive paraspinal muscle fatigability during dynamic exercise as compared with healthy controls. Subcutaneous tissue thickness has a strong influence on the NIRS and EMG amplitude measurements and, if unchecked, it could result in the false interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Kankaanpää
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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174
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Effects of increased skin blood flow on muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation: comparison of time-resolved and continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:335-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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175
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Hou Y, Shang Y, Cheng R, Zhao Y, Qin Y, Kryscio R, Rayapati A, Hayes D, Yu G. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea results in significant variations in cerebral hemodynamics detected by diffuse optical spectroscopies. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:2135-48. [PMID: 25243760 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/10/2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to adapt a novel near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) flow-oximeter for simultaneous and continuous monitoring of relative changes in cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral oxygenation (i.e. oxygenated/deoxygenated/total hemoglobin concentration: Δ[HbO2]/Δ[Hb]/ΔTHC) during overnight nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH). A fiber-optic probe was fixed on subject's frontal head and connected to the DCS flow-oximeter through a custom-designed fiber-optic connector, which allowed us to easily connect/detach the optical probe from the device when the subject went to bathroom. To minimize the disturbance to the subject, the DCS flow-oximeter was remotely operated by a desktop located in the control room. The results showed that apneic events caused significant variations in rCBF and ΔTHC. Moreover, the degrees of variations in all measured cerebral variables were significantly correlated with the severity of OSAH as determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), demonstrating the OSAH influence on both CBF and cerebral oxygenation. Large variations in arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) were also found during OSAH. Since frequent variations/disturbances in cerebral hemodynamics may adversely impact brain function, future study will investigate the correlations between these cerebral variations and functional impairments for better understanding of OSAH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA. College of Science, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110159, People's Republic of China
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176
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Christian RJ, Bishop DJ, Billaut F, Girard O. Peripheral fatigue is not critically regulated during maximal, intermittent, dynamic leg extensions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1063-73. [PMID: 25213635 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00988.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Central motor drive to active muscles is believed to be reduced during numerous exercise tasks to prevent excessive peripheral fatigue development. The purpose of the present study was to use hypoxia to exacerbate physiological perturbations during a novel, intermittent exercise task and to explore the time-course and interplay between central and peripheral neuromuscular adjustments. On separate days, 14 healthy men performed four sets of 6 × 5 maximal-intensity, isokinetic leg extensions (1 repetition lasting ∼7 s) at 300°/s (15 and 100 s of passive rest between repetitions and sets, respectively) under normoxia (NM, fraction of inspired O2 0.21), moderate (MH, 0.14), and severe normobaric hypoxia (SH, 0.10). Neuromuscular assessments of the knee extensors were conducted before and immediately after each set. There was an interaction between time and condition on the mean peak torque produced during each set (P < 0.05). RMS/M-wave activity of the rectus femoris decreased across the four sets of exercise, but there was no difference between conditions (8.3 ± 5.1% all conditions compounded, P > 0.05). Potentiated twitch torque decreased post set 1 in all conditions (all P < 0.05) with greater reductions following each set in SH compared with NM but not MH (end-exercise reductions 41.3 ± 3.0% vs. 28.0 ± 3.2%, P < 0.05 and 32.1 ± 3.3%, P > 0.05). In conclusion, severe hypoxia exacerbates both peripheral fatigue development and performance decrements during maximal, intermittent, dynamic leg extensions. In contrast to observations with other exercise modes, during exercise involving a single muscle group the attenuation of central motor drive does not appear to independently regulate the development of peripheral muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Christian
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Aspetar - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar;
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - François Billaut
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Université Laval, Département de Kinésiologie, Québec, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Olivier Girard
- Aspetar - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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177
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Muggeridge DJ, Howe CCF, Spendiff O, Pedlar C, James PE, Easton C. A single dose of beetroot juice enhances cycling performance in simulated altitude. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:143-50. [PMID: 23846159 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a1dc51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing nitric oxide bioavailability via supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) has been shown to attenuate the negative effect of hypoxia on peripheral oxygen saturation and exercise tolerance. PURPOSE We investigated the effects of a single dose of concentrated BR on the physiological responses to submaximal exercise and time trial (TT) performance in trained cyclists exposed to moderate simulated altitude (approximately 2500 m). METHODS Nine competitive amateur male cyclists (age, 28 ± 8 yr; V˙O2peak at altitude, 51.9 ± 5.8 mL·kg·min) completed four exercise trials consisting of an initial graded test to exhaustion and three performance trials on a cycle ergometer. The performance trials comprised 15 min of submaximal steady-state exercise at 60% maximum work rate and a 16.1-km TT. The second and third trials were preceded by ingestion of either 70 mL of BR or nitrate-depleted BR (PLA) 3 h before exercise. RESULTS Plasma nitrate (PLA, 39.1 ± 3.5 µM; BR, 150.5 ± 9.3 µM) and nitrite (PLA, 289.8 ± 27.9 nM; BR, 678.1 ± 103.5 nM) measured immediately before exercise were higher after ingestion of BR compared with that after PLA (P < 0.001, P = 0.004). V˙O2 during steady-state exercise was lower in the BR trial (2542 ± 114 mL·min) than that in the PLA trial (2727 ± 85 mL·min, P = 0.049). TT performance was significantly faster after BR (1664 ± 14 s) than that after PLA (1702 ± 15 s, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION A single dose of BR lowered V˙O2 during submaximal exercise and enhanced TT performance of trained cyclists in normobaric hypoxia. Consequently, ingestion of BR may be a practical and effective ergogenic aid for endurance exercise at altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Muggeridge
- 1Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM; 2School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, England, UNITED KINGDOM; 3School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University College, Twickenham, England, UNITED KINGDOM; and 4Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UNITED KINGDOM
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178
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Hennig G, Gruber C, Vogeser M, Stepp H, Dittmar S, Sroka R, Brittenham GM. Dual-wavelength excitation for fluorescence-based quantification of zinc protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX in whole blood. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:514-524. [PMID: 23450826 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), individually or jointly, is useful for the diagnostic evaluation of iron deficiency, iron-restricted erythropoiesis, lead exposure, and porphyrias. A method for simultaneous quantification of ZnPP and PPIX in unwashed blood samples is described, using dual-wavelength excitation to effectively eliminate background fluorescence from other blood constituents. In blood samples from 35 subjects, the results of the dual-wavelength excitation method and a reference high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay were closely correlated both for ZnPP (rs = 0.943, p < 0.0001; range 37-689 μmol ZnPP/mol heme, 84-1238 nmol/L) and for PPIX (rs = 0.959, p < 0.0001; range 42-4212 μmol PPIX/mol heme, 93-5394 nmol/L). In addition, for ZnPP, the proposed method is compared with conventional single-wavelength excitation and with commercial front-face fluorimetry of washed erythrocytes and whole blood. We hypothesize that dual-wavelength excitation fluorimetry will provide a new approach to the suppression of background fluorescence in blood and tissue measurements of ZnPP and PPIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hennig
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 23, 81377 München, Germany.
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179
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Ryan TE, Brophy P, Lin CT, Hickner RC, Neufer PD. Assessment of in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in humans by near-infrared spectroscopy: a comparison with in situ measurements. J Physiol 2014; 592:3231-41. [PMID: 24951618 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.274456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare in vivo measurements of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity made using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with the current gold standard, namely in situ measurements of high-resolution respirometry performed in permeabilized muscle fibres prepared from muscle biopsies. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was determined in 21 healthy adults in vivo using NIRS to measure the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption following a ∼15 s isometric contraction of the vastus lateralis muscle. Maximal ADP-stimulated (State 3) respiration was measured in permeabilized muscle fibres using high-resolution respirometry with sequential titrations of saturating concentrations of metabolic substrates. Overall, the in vivo and in situ measurements were strongly correlated (Pearson's r = 0.61-0.74, all P < 0.01). Bland-Altman plots also showed good agreement with no indication of bias. The results indicate that in vivo NIRS corresponds well with the current gold standard, in situ high-resolution respirometry, for assessing mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Ryan
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Patricia Brophy
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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180
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Cheng CS, Davis BNJ, Madden L, Bursac N, Truskey GA. Physiology and metabolism of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1203-14. [PMID: 24912506 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214538589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major target for tissue engineering, given its relative size in the body, fraction of cardiac output that passes through muscle beds, as well as its key role in energy metabolism and diabetes, and the need for therapies for muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy and sarcopenia. To date, most studies with tissue-engineered skeletal muscle have utilized murine and rat cell sources. On the other hand, successful engineering of functional human muscle would enable different applications including improved methods for preclinical testing of drugs and therapies. Some of the requirements for engineering functional skeletal muscle include expression of adult forms of muscle proteins, comparable contractile forces to those produced by native muscle, and physiological force-length and force-frequency relations. This review discusses the various strategies and challenges associated with these requirements, specific applications with cultured human myoblasts, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brittany N J Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lauran Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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181
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Shadgan B, Fareghi M, Stothers L, Macnab A, Kajbafzadeh AM. Diagnosis of testicular torsion using near infrared spectroscopy: A novel diagnostic approach. Can Urol Assoc J 2014; 8:E249-52. [PMID: 24839492 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of testicular torsion in a 14-month old boy. Testicular ischemia was suspected based on history and clinical presentations. The patient was referred following 24 hours of left acute scrotum. Erythema, swelling and tenderness associated with nausea and emesis were present, but the patient was not febrile. We used a spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (SR-NIRS) device to study and compare the tissue saturation index (TSI) on both right and left spermatic cords. The TSI was significantly reduced in the left side. Both testicles were surgically explored and the left testis was found non-viable with a 1080-degree intra-vaginal torsion. NIRS monitoring of spermatic cord oxygen saturation appears feasible as a non-invasive bedside optical method to identify testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Shadgan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Mehdi Fareghi
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Lynn Stothers
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Andrew Macnab
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A M Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran
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182
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Southern WM, Ryan TE, Reynolds MA, McCully K. Reproducibility of near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of oxidative function and postexercise recovery kinetics in the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:521-9. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of resting blood flow, resting oxygen consumption, and mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We also determined the influence of 2 exercise modalities (ergometer and rubber exercise bands) on the NIRS measurements. Fifteen young, healthy participants (5 female, 10 male) were tested on 2 nonconsecutive occasions within an 8-day period. The NIRS device was placed on the medial gastrocnemius. Venous and arterial occlusions were performed to obtain blood flow and oxygen consumption. A series of repeated arterial occlusions was used to measure the recovery kinetics of muscle oxygen consumption after ∼7–10 s of voluntary plantar flexion exercise. Resting blood flow had mean coefficients of variation (CV) of 42% and 38% for bands and ergometer, respectively, and resting metabolism had mean CVs of 17% and 12% for bands and ergometer, respectively. The recovery time constant of oxygen consumption (day 1 bands and ergometer: 23.2 ± 3.7 s, 27.6 ± 6.5 s, respectively; day 2 bands and ergometer: 25.5 ± 5.4 s, 25.0 ± 4.9 s, respectively) had mean CVs of 10% and 11% for bands and ergometer, respectively. We conclude that measurements of oxygen consumption and mitochondrial capacity using NIRS can be obtained with good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Southern
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Terence E. Ryan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mary A. Reynolds
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kevin McCully
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
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183
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Elcadi GH, Forsman M, Hallman DM, Aasa U, Fahlstrom M, Crenshaw AG. Oxygenation and hemodynamics do not underlie early muscle fatigue for patients with work-related muscle pain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95582. [PMID: 24755957 PMCID: PMC3995774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from work-related muscle pain (WRMP) fatigue earlier during exercise than healthy controls. Inadequate oxygen consumption and/or inadequate blood supply can influence the ability of the muscles to withstand fatigue. However, it remains unknown if oxygenation and hemodynamics are associated with early fatigue in muscles of WRMP patients. In the present study we applied near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and trapezius (TD) muscles of patients with WRMP (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 17). Our objective was to determine if there were group differences in endurance times for a low-level contraction of 15% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) – sustained for 12–13 min, and to see if these differences were associated with differences in muscle oxygenation and hemodynamics. At baseline, oxygen saturation (StO2%) was similar between groups for the ECR, but StO2% was significantly lower for TD for the WRMP patients (76%) compared to controls (85%) (P<0.01). Also, baseline ECR blood flow was similar in the two groups. For both muscles there were a larger number of patients, compared to controls, that did not maintain the 15% MVC for the allotted time. Consequently, the endurance times were significantly shorter for the WRMP patients than controls (medians, ECR: 347 s vs. 582 s; TD: 430 s vs. 723 s respectively). Responses in StO2% during the contractions were not significantly different between groups for either muscle, i.e. no apparent difference in oxygen consumption. Overall, we interpret our findings to indicate that the early fatigue for our WRMP patients was not associated with muscle oxygenation and hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H. Elcadi
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikael Forsman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David M. Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Aasa
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Fahlstrom
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Professional Development, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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184
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Grabtchak S, Montgomery LG, Whelan WM. Optical absorption and scattering properties of bulk porcine muscle phantoms from interstitial radiance measurements in 650-900 nm range. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:2431-44. [PMID: 24743553 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/10/2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the application of relative radiance-based continuous wave (cw) measurements for recovering absorption and scattering properties (the effective attenuation coefficient, the diffusion coefficient, the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient) of bulk porcine muscle phantoms in the 650-900 nm spectral range. Both the side-firing fiber (the detector) and the fiber with a spherical diffuser at the end (the source) were inserted interstitially at predetermined locations in the phantom. The porcine phantoms were prostate-shaped with ∼4 cm in diameter and ∼3 cm thickness and made from porcine loin or tenderloin muscles. The described method was previously validated using the diffusion approximation on simulated and experimental radiance data obtained for homogenous Intralipid-1% liquid phantom. The approach required performing measurements in two locations in the tissue with different distances to the source. Measurements were performed on 21 porcine phantoms. Spectral dependences of the effective attenuation and absorption coefficients for the loin phantom deviated from corresponding dependences for the tenderloin phantom for wavelengths <750 nm. The diffusion constant and the reduced scattering coefficient were very close for both phantom types. To quantify chromophore presence, the plot for the absorption coefficient was matched with a synthetic absorption spectrum constructed from deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin and water. The closest match for the porcine loin spectrum was obtained with the following concentrations: 15.5 µM (±30% s.d.) Hb, 21 µM (±30% s.d.) HbO2 and 0.3 (±30% s.d.) fractional volume of water. The tenderloin absorption spectrum was best described by 30 µM Hb (±30% s.d), 19 µM (±30% s.d.) HbO2 and 0.3 (±30% s.d.) fractional volume of water. The higher concentration of Hb in tenderloin was consistent with a dark-red appearance of the tenderloin phantom. The method can be applied to a number of biological tissues and organs for interstitial optical interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Grabtchak
- Department of Physics, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI C1A4P3, Canada. Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H3J5, Canada
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185
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Evaluation of a textile-based near infrared spectroscopy system in calf muscle oxygenation measurements. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 24729254 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0620-8_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
We recently introduced a novel textile-based NIRS sensor (TexNIRS). Here, we evaluate TexNIRS in ten subjects (16 legs, age 28.5 ± 2.32 years, adipose tissue thickness (ATT) 4.17 ± 1.71 mm). Three venous occlusions at 50 mmHg were performed on their calf muscle. After 3 min of occlusion, oxy/deoxy hemoglobin concentration ([O₂Hb], [HHb]) changes were 3.71 ± 1.89/1.79 ± 1.08 μM; venous oxygen saturation (SvO₂) was 75 ± 9.7 %, oxygen consumption (VO₂) was 0.02 ± 0.01 mL/100 g/min, hemoglobin flow (HF) was 0.93 ± 0.48 μmol/100 mL/min, and blood flow (BF) was 2.01 ± 1.04 mL/100 mL/min. Our results are in good agreement with the literature, but the TexNIRS enables a much higher level of comfort.
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186
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Zhurova M, Olivieri A, Holt A, Acker JP. A method to measure permeability of red blood cell membrane to water and solutes using intrinsic fluorescence. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:103-10. [PMID: 24522163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Designing effective cryopreservation procedures for cells requires knowledge of permeability of cell membrane to water and solutes. To determine cell membrane permeability, one needs to measure the rate of cell volume changes in anisotonic environment. Red blood cells (RBCs) respond very quickly to changes in extracellular solutes concentration, which complicates the use of traditional methods. Preservation of RBCs from umbilical cord blood for neonatal transfusions is currently broadly discussed in the literature, but data on osmotic permeability of cord RBCs is controversial. Therefore, alternative methods to determine osmotic membrane permeability of these cells are warranted. We describe a technique to measure rapid changes in RBC volume through changes in the intensity of RBC autofluorescence. METHODS To induce osmotically-driven changes in RBC volume, we rapidly mixed human RBCs with anisotonic solutions in a stopped-flow spectroscopy system and the intensity of intrinsic RBC fluorescence was measured. RESULTS We found that change in RBC volume cause a proportional change in the intensity of RBC autofluorescence. This phenomenon occurs due to the self-quenching of RBC hemoglobin autofluorescence at high intracellular concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This novel method to determine osmotic permeability of RBCs overcomes the limitations of traditional techniques and has numerous clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Zhurova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 8249-114 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R8, Canada; Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 8249-114 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R8, Canada
| | - Aldo Olivieri
- Department of Pharmacology, 970 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Andrew Holt
- Department of Pharmacology, 970 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 8249-114 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R8, Canada; Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 8249-114 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R8, Canada.
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187
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Abozguia K, Phan TT, Shivu GN, Maher AR, Ahmed I, Wagenmakers A, Frenneaux MP. Reducedin vivoskeletal muscle oxygen consumption in patients with chronic heart failure-A study using Near Infrared Spectrophotometry (NIRS). Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 10:652-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Abozguia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Medical School, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Thanh Trung Phan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Medical School, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Ganesh Nallur Shivu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Medical School, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Abdul R. Maher
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Medical School, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Medical School, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Anton Wagenmakers
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Michael P. Frenneaux
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Medical School, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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188
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Wang JS, Lee MY, Lien HY, Weng TP. Hypoxic exercise training improves cardiac/muscular hemodynamics and is associated with modulated circulating progenitor cells in sedentary men. Int J Cardiol 2013; 170:315-23. [PMID: 24286591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) improve cardiovascular function and organ perfusion by enhancing the capacities of endothelial repair and neovasculogenesis. This study investigates whether exercise regimens with/without hypoxia affect cardiac and muscular hemodynamics by modulating CPCs and angiogenic factors. METHODS Forty sedentary males were randomly divided into hypoxic (HT, n=20) and normoxic (NT, n=20) training groups. The subjects were trained on a bicycle ergometer at 60%VO(2max) under 15% (HT) or 21% (NT) O2 conditions for 30 min daily, five days weekly for five weeks. RESULTS After the five-week interventions, the HT group exhibited a larger improvement in aerobic capacity than the NT group. Furthermore, the HT regimen (i) enhanced cardiac output (Q(H)) and perfusion (Q(M))/oxygenation of vastus lateralis during exercise; (ii) increased levels of CD34(+)/KDR(+)/CD117(+), CD34(+)/KDR(+)/CD133(+), and CD34(+)/KDR(+)/CD31(+) cells in blood; (iii) promoted the proliferative capacity of these CPC subsets, and (iv) elevated plasma nitrite/nitrate, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) concentrations. Despite the lack of changes in Q(H) and the number or proliferative capacity of CD34(+)/KDR(+)/CD117(+) or CD34(+)/KDR(+)/CD31(+) cells, the NT regimen elevated both Q(M) and plasma nitrite/nitrate levels and suppressed the shedding of endothelial cells (CD34(-)/KDR(+)/phosphatidylserine(+) cells). CONCLUSIONS The HT regimen improves cardiac and muscular hemodynamic adaptations, possibly by promoting the mobilization/function of CPCs and the production of angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Shyan Wang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Heart Failure Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keeling, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Yi Lee
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Yu Lien
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Weng
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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189
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Zhang P, Yang Y, Wu ZJ, Zhang CH, Zhang XD. Diagnosis of Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Men Using a Near-infrared Spectroscopy Instrument as the Noninvasive Monitor for Bladder Function. Urology 2013; 82:1098-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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190
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Effect of aerobic interval training on erythrocyte rheological and hemodynamic functions in heart failure patients with anemia. Int J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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191
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Simultaneous measurement of deep tissue blood flow and oxygenation using noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1358. [PMID: 23446991 PMCID: PMC3584314 DOI: 10.1038/srep01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a novel noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter for simultaneous quantification of relative changes in tissue blood flow (rBF) and oxygenation (Δ[oxygenation]). The noncontact probe was compared against a contact probe in tissue-like phantoms and forearm muscles (n = 10), and the dynamic trends in both rBF and Δ[oxygenation] were found to be highly correlated. However, the magnitudes of Δ[oxygenation] measured by the two probes were significantly different. Monte Carlo simulations and phantom experiments revealed that the arm curvature resulted in a significant underestimation (~−20%) for the noncontact measurements in Δ[oxygenation], but not in rBF. Other factors that may cause the residual discrepancies between the contact and noncontact measurements were discussed, and further comparisons with other established technologies are needed to identify/quantify these factors. Our research paves the way for noncontact and simultaneous monitoring of blood flow and oxygenation in soft and vulnerable tissues without distorting tissue hemodynamics.
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192
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Amann M, Goodall S, Twomey R, Subudhi AW, Lovering AT, Roach RC. AltitudeOmics: on the consequences of high-altitude acclimatization for the development of fatigue during locomotor exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:634-42. [PMID: 23813531 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00606.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of muscle fatigue is oxygen (O2)-delivery sensitive [arterial O2 content (CaO2) × limb blood flow (QL)]. Locomotor exercise in acute hypoxia (AH) is, compared with sea level (SL), associated with reduced CaO2 and exaggerated inspiratory muscle work (Winsp), which impairs QL, both of which exacerbate fatigue individually by compromising O2 delivery. Since chronic hypoxia (CH) normalizes CaO2 but exacerbates Winsp, we investigated the consequences of a 14-day exposure to high altitude on exercise-induced locomotor muscle fatigue. Eight subjects performed the identical constant-load cycling exercise (138 ± 14 W; 11 ± 1 min) at SL (partial pressure of inspired O2, 147.1 ± 0.5 Torr), in AH (73.8 ± 0.2 Torr), and in CH (75.7 ± 0.1 Torr). Peripheral fatigue was expressed as pre- to postexercise percent reduction in electrically evoked potentiated quadriceps twitch force (ΔQtw,pot). Central fatigue was expressed as the exercise-induced percent decrease in voluntary muscle activation (ΔVA). Resting CaO2 at SL and CH was similar, but CaO2 in AH was lower compared with SL and CH (17.3 ± 0.5, 19.3 ± 0.7, 20.3 ± 1.3 ml O2/dl, respectively). Winsp during exercise increased with acclimatization (SL: 387 ± 36, AH: 503 ± 53, CH: 608 ± 67 cmH2O·s(-1)·min(-1); P < 0.01). Exercise at SL did not induce central or peripheral fatigue. ΔQtw,pot was significant but similar in AH and CH (21 ± 2% and 19 ± 3%; P = 0.24). ΔVA was significant in both hypoxic conditions but smaller in CH vs. AH (4 ± 1% vs. 8 ± 2%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, acclimatization to severe altitude does not attenuate the substantial impact of hypoxia on the development of peripheral fatigue. In contrast, acclimatization attenuates, but does not eliminate, the exacerbation of central fatigue associated with exercise in severe AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Amann
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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193
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Malagoni AM, Felisatti M, Lamberti N, Basaglia N, Manfredini R, Salvi F, Zamboni P, Manfredini F. Muscle oxygen consumption by NIRS and mobility in multiple sclerosis patients. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:52. [PMID: 23718840 PMCID: PMC3717115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of muscle metabolism by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been poorly implemented in multiple sclerosis (MS). Aims of the study were to compare resting muscle oxygen consumption (rmVO2) at gastrocnemius in MS patients and in age-matched healthy controls (HC) measured using NIRS, and to evaluate its possible relationship with patients' mobility. METHODS Twenty-eight consecutively enrolled MS patients (male, n = 16; age = 42.7 ± 14.0 y, Relapsing-Remitting, n = 19; Primary-Progressive, n = 9) and 22 HC (male, n = 13; age = 36.0 ± 8.2 y) were studied during rest applying the NIRS probes at gastrocnemius, producing a venous occlusion at the thigh using a cuff, and analyzing the slope of the total hemoglobin to calculate rmVO2. Mobility was assessed by a 6-Minute Walking Test and 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD) was recorded. RESULTS rmVO2 was higher in MS compared to HC (0.059 ± 0.038 vs 0.039 ± 0.016 mlO2/min/100 g, P < 0.003), not different in clinical subtypes, not correlated to patients' characteristics (age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale, resting heart rate, skinfold thickness), and significantly higher in patients with lower walking ability (6MWD < 450 m, n = 12) compared to those at better performance (respectively, 0.072 ± 0.043 vs 0.049 ± 0.032 mlO2/min/100 g, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION rmVO2 values, significantly higher in MS patients compared to HC, and in low versus high performing patients, might represent a marker of peripheral adaptations occurred to sustain mobility, as observed in other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Malagoni
- Program Pathophysiology of Vascular Peripheral System, S, Anna Hospital University of Ferrara, Cona, Via A, Moro, 8, Ferrara, 44124, Italy.
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194
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Hesford CM, Laing S, Cardinale M, Cooper CE. Effect of race distance on muscle oxygenation in short-track speed skating. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45:83-92. [PMID: 22895375 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31826c58dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous work identified an asymmetry in tissue desaturation changes in the left and right quadriceps muscles during on-ice skating at maximal speed in males. The effect of changing race distance on the magnitude of desaturation or leg asymmetry is unknown. METHODS Six elite male skaters (age = 23 ± 1.8 yr, height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m, mass = 80.1 ± 5.7 kg, midthigh skinfold thickness = 7 ± 2 mm) and four elite female skaters (age = 21 ± 4 yr, height = 1.6 ± 0.1 m, mass = 65.2 ± 4.3 kg, midthigh skinfold thickness = 10 ± 1 mm) were studied. Subjects completed time trials over three race distances. Blood lactate concentration and O2 uptake measurements were combined with near-infrared spectroscopy measures of muscle oxygenation (TSI) and blood volume (tHb) in the right and left vastus lateralis. RESULTS Neither race distance nor gender had a significant effect on the magnitude of maximal muscle desaturation (ΔTSI(max)). Pattern of local changes in tHb during individual laps was dependent upon subtle differences in skating technique used for the different race distances. Linear regression analysis revealed asymmetry between the right and left leg desaturation in males during the final stages of each race distance, but not in females. At all race distances, local muscle desaturation reached maximal values much more quickly than global VO(2peak). CONCLUSION The use of wearable near-infrared spectroscopy devices enabled measurement of muscle oxygenation during competitive race simulation, thus providing unique insight into the effects of velocity and technique changes on local muscle oxygenation. This may have implications for training and race pacing in speed skating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Hesford
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
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196
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Kounalakis SN, Keramidas ME, Eiken O, Jaki Mekjavic P, Mekjavic IB. Peak oxygen uptake and regional oxygenation in response to a 10-day confinement to normobaric hypoxia. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 23:e233-45. [PMID: 23489383 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of hypoxic acclimatization per se, without any concomitant influence of strenuous physical activity on muscle and cerebral oxygenation. Eight healthy male subjects participated in a crossover-designed study. In random order, they conducted a 10-day normoxic (CON) and a 10-day hypoxic (EXP) confinement. Pre and post both CON and EXP confinements, subjects conducted two incremental-load cycling exercises to exhaustion; one under normoxic, and the other under hypoxic (F(I)O(2) = 0.154) conditions. Oxygen uptake (V˙O(2)), ventilation (V˙(E)), and relative changes in regional hemoglobin oxygenation (Δ([HbO(2)]) in the cerebral cortex and in the serratus anterior (SA) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles were measured. No changes were observed in the CON confinement. Peak work rate and V˙O(2peak) were similar pre and post in the EXP confinement, whereas V˙(E) increased in the EXP post normoxic and hypoxic trials (P < 0.05). The exercise-induced drop in VL Δ[HbO(2)] was less in the post- than pre-EXP trial by 4.0 ± 0.4 and 4.2 ± 0.6 μM during normoxic and hypoxic exercise, respectively. No major changes were observed in cerebral or SA oxygenation. These results demonstrate that a 10-day hypoxic exposure without any concomitant physical activity had no effect on normoxic or hypoxic V˙O(2peak), despite the enhanced VL oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kounalakis
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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197
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Cheng CF, Tong TK, Kuo YC, Chen PH, Huang HW, Lee CL. Inspiratory muscle warm-up attenuates muscle deoxygenation during cycling exercise in women athletes. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 186:296-302. [PMID: 23499567 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) on performance and muscle oxygenation during cycling exercise. In a randomized crossover study of 10 female soccer players, the IMW, placebo (IMWP) and control (CON) trials were conducted before two 6-min submaximal cycling exercises (100 and 150W) followed by intermittent high-intensity sprint (IHIS, 6×10s with 60s recovery). The reduction in tissue saturation index (TSI) in legs in the IMW were significantly less than those in IMWP and CON (P<0.01) during submaximal cycling exercises. The average reduction in TSI during the IHIS test with IMW was significantly less than those in the IMWP and CON (P=0.023). Nevertheless, the IHIS performance with IMW did not differ from that in other trials. In conclusion, the leg TSI during continuous submaximal cycling exercise followed by intermittent sprinting was likely improved by specific IMW (40% maximal inspiratory mouth pressure), which did not enhance IHIS performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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198
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Minett GM, Duffield R, Billaut F, Cannon J, Portus MR, Marino FE. Cold-water immersion decreases cerebral oxygenation but improves recovery after intermittent-sprint exercise in the heat. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:656-66. [PMID: 23458430 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of post-exercise cooling on recovery of neuromuscular, physiological, and cerebral hemodynamic responses after intermittent-sprint exercise in the heat. Nine participants underwent three post-exercise recovery trials, including a control (CONT), mixed-method cooling (MIX), and cold-water immersion (10 °C; CWI). Voluntary force and activation were assessed simultaneously with cerebral oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) pre- and post-exercise, post-intervention, and 1-h and 24-h post-exercise. Measures of heart rate, core temperature, skin temperature, muscle damage, and inflammation were also collected. Both cooling interventions reduced heart rate, core, and skin temperature post-intervention (P < 0.05). CWI hastened the recovery of voluntary force by 12.7 ± 11.7% (mean ± SD) and 16.3 ± 10.5% 1-h post-exercise compared to MIX and CONT, respectively (P < 0.01). Voluntary force remained elevated by 16.1 ± 20.5% 24-h post-exercise after CWI compared to CONT (P < 0.05). Central activation was increased post-intervention and 1-h post-exercise with CWI compared to CONT (P < 0.05), without differences between conditions 24-h post-exercise (P > 0.05). CWI reduced cerebral oxygenation compared to MIX and CONT post-intervention (P < 0.01). Furthermore, cooling interventions reduced cortisol 1-h post-exercise (P < 0.01), although only CWI blunted creatine kinase 24-h post-exercise compared to CONT (P < 0.05). Accordingly, improvements in neuromuscular recovery after post-exercise cooling appear to be disassociated with cerebral oxygenation, rather reflecting reductions in thermoregulatory demands to sustain force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Minett
- School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Qld, Australia
| | - R Duffield
- School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.,Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Lindfield, NSW, Australia
| | - F Billaut
- Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada.,School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - J Cannon
- School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - M R Portus
- Sport Science Sport Medicine Unit, Cricket Australia Centre of Excellence, Albion, Qld, Australia.,Praxis Sport Science, Paddington, Qld, Australia
| | - F E Marino
- School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
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199
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Faiss R, Léger B, Vesin JM, Fournier PE, Eggel Y, Dériaz O, Millet GP. Significant molecular and systemic adaptations after repeated sprint training in hypoxia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56522. [PMID: 23437154 PMCID: PMC3577885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) has been reported to evoke cellular responses via hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) but without substantial performance benefits in endurance athletes, we hypothesized that repeated sprint training in hypoxia could enhance repeated sprint ability (RSA) performed in normoxia via improved glycolysis and O2 utilization. 40 trained subjects completed 8 cycling repeated sprint sessions in hypoxia (RSH, 3000 m) or normoxia (RSN, 485 m). Before (Pre-) and after (Post-) training, muscular levels of selected mRNAs were analyzed from resting muscle biopsies and RSA tested until exhaustion (10-s sprint, work-to-rest ratio 1∶2) with muscle perfusion assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. From Pre- to Post-, the average power output of all sprints in RSA was increased (p<0.01) to the same extent (6% vs 7%, NS) in RSH and in RSN but the number of sprints to exhaustion was increased in RSH (9.4±4.8 vs. 13.0±6.2 sprints, p<0.01) but not in RSN (9.3±4.2 vs. 8.9±3.5). mRNA concentrations of HIF-1α (+55%), carbonic anhydrase III (+35%) and monocarboxylate transporter-4 (+20%) were augmented (p<0.05) whereas mitochondrial transcription factor A (−40%), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (−23%) and monocarboxylate transporter-1 (−36%) were decreased (p<0.01) in RSH only. Besides, the changes in total hemoglobin variations (Δ[tHb]) during sprints throughout RSA test increased to a greater extent (p<0.01) in RSH. Our findings show larger improvement in repeated sprint performance in RSH than in RSN with significant molecular adaptations and larger blood perfusion variations in active muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Faiss
- ISSUL-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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200
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Shang Y, Gurley K, Yu G. Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) for Assessment of Tissue Blood Flow in Skeletal Muscle: Recent Progress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:128. [PMID: 24724043 PMCID: PMC3979478 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0940.1000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging technology for monitoring blood flow in various tissues. This article reviews the recent progress of DCS for the assessment of skeletal muscle blood flow, including the developments in technology allowing use during dynamic exercise and muscular electrical stimulation, the utilization for diagnosis of muscle vascular diseases, and the applications for evaluating treatment effects. The limitations of current DCS studies and future perspective are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Katelyn Gurley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA ; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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