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Brener MI, Rosenblum HR, Burkhoff D. Pathophysiology and Advanced Hemodynamic Assessment of Cardiogenic Shock. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2020; 16:7-15. [PMID: 32280412 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-16-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock (CGS) is common and highly morbid. According to the National Inpatient Sample, there are more than 100,000 cases per year, and 30-day mortality approaches 50% despite improvements in critical care practices and novel mechanical therapies targeted at restoring normal hemodynamics. This issue aims to enhance clinicians' understanding of CGS, and this review specifically focuses on the underlying pathophysiology. We examine the definition and etiologies of CGS, approaches to risk assessment, and the pressure-volume loop framework that is the foundation for conceptualizing ventricular mechanics, ventricular-vascular interactions, and the derangements observed in CGS. This overview will also contextualize subsequent chapters that discuss nuances of CGS encountered in particular scenarios (ie, post-myocardial infraction, acutely decompensated chronic heart failure, post-cardiac surgery), address pharmacological and mechanical treatments for CGS, and review CGS in a case-based format.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Burkhoff
- COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER, NEW YORK, NEW YORK.,CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH FOUNDATION, NEW YORK, NEW YORK
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152
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Koppinger MP, Lopez-Pier MA, Skaria R, Harris PR, Konhilas JP. Lactobacillus reuteri attenuates cardiac injury without lowering cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed standard chow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H32-H41. [PMID: 32412785 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00569.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the normal gut microbiome (dysbiosis) is implicated in the progression and severity of myriad disorders, including hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease. Probiotics attenuate and reverse gut dysbiosis to improve cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Lactobacillus reuteri is a well-studied lactic acid-producing probiotic with known cholesterol-lowering properties and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we hypothesized that L. reuteri delivered to hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLr KO) mice will reduce cholesterol levels and minimize cardiac injury from an ischemic insult. L. reuteri [1 × 109 or 50 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/day] was administered by oral gavage to wild-type mice and LDLr KO for up to 6 wk followed by an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) protocol. After 4 wk of gavage, total serum cholesterol in wild-type mice receiving saline was 113.5 ± 5.6 mg/dL compared with 113.3 ± 6.8 and 101.9 ± 7.5 mg/dL in mice receiving 1 × 109 or 50 × 106 CFU/day, respectively. Over the same time frame, administration of L. reuteri at 1 × 109 or 50 × 106 CFU/day did not lower total serum cholesterol (283.0 ± 11.1, 263.3 ± 5.0, and 253.1 ± 7.0 mg/dL; saline, 1 × 109 or 50 × 106 CFU/day, respectively) in LDLr KO mice. Despite no impact on total serum cholesterol, L. reuteri administration significantly attenuated cardiac injury following I/R, as evidenced by smaller infarct sizes compared with controls in both wild-type and LDLr KO groups. In conclusion, daily L. reuteri significantly protected against cardiac injury without lowering cholesterol levels, suggesting anti-inflammatory properties of L. reuteri uncoupled from improvements in serum cholesterol.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated that daily delivery of Lactobacillus reuteri to wild-type and hypercholesterolemic lipoprotein receptor knockout mice attenuated cardiac injury following ischemia-reperfusion without lowering total serum cholesterol in the short term. In addition, we validated protection against cardiac injury using histology and immunohistochemistry techniques. L. reuteri offers promise as a probiotic to mitigate ischemic cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marissa Anne Lopez-Pier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Rinku Skaria
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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153
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154
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Jakovljevic Uzelac J, Djukic T, Radic T, Mutavdzin S, Stankovic S, Rakocevic JK, Labudovic Borovic M, Milic N, Simic T, Savic-Radojevic A, Djuric D. Folic acid affects cardiometabolic, oxidative stress, and immunohistochemical parameters in monocrotaline-induced rat heart failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:708-716. [PMID: 32353247 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the major cardiovascular causes of death worldwide. In this study, we explored the effects of folic acid (FA) on cardiometabolic, oxidative stress biomarker changes, and the activity of proliferation marker Ki67 in monocrotaline-induced HF. The research was conducted during a 4 week period using five experimental groups (eight animals per group): blank solution exposed controls (C1: 1 mL/kg physiological saline, 1 day; C2: 1 mL/kg physiological saline, 28 days), monocrotaline (MCT) induced HF (50 mg/kg MCT), FA (5 mg·kg-1·day-1 FA), and MCT+FA (50 mg/kg MCT, 5 mg·kg-1·day-1 FA). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities together with total glutathione and parameters of oxidative damage of proteins were determined in cardiac tissue as well as cardiometabolic parameters in plasma or serum. The total glutathionylation was determined by Western blot and proliferation marker Ki67 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The right ventricular (RV) wall hypertrophy and Ki67 positivity, accompanied by a significant increase of troponin T, has been shown in MCT-induced HF. The antioxidant effect of FA was reflected through superoxide dismutase activity, reduced Ki67 positivity in the RV wall, and a slightly decreased total glutathionylation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jakovljevic Uzelac
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Djukic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Radic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Mutavdzin
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kostic Rakocevic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Milic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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155
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Liu Y, Xu J, Wu M, Kang L, Xu B. The effector cells and cellular mediators of immune system involved in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis after myocardial infarction. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8996-9004. [PMID: 32352172 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI) involves two phases, namely, inflammatory response and proliferative response. The former is an inflammatory reaction, evoked by different kinds of pro-inflammatory leukocytes and molecules stimulated by myocardial necrosis, while the latter is a repair process, predominated by a magnitude of anti-inflammatory cells and cytokines, as well as fibroblasts. Cardiac remodeling post-MI is dependent on the balance of individualized intensity of the post-MI inflammation and subsequent cardiac fibrosis. During the past 30 years, enormous studies have focused on investigating immune cells and mediators involved in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, which are two interacting processes of post-MI cardiac repair. These results contribute to revealing the mechanism of adverse cardiac remodeling after MI and alleviating the impairment of cardiac function. In this study, we will broadly discuss the role of immune cell subpopulation and the involved cytokines and chemokines during cardiac repair post-MI, particular in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical college of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical college of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical college of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical college of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical college of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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156
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Cardioprotective Effect of ( Z)-2-Acetoxy-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) Acrylic Acid: Inhibition of Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:8584763. [PMID: 32426037 PMCID: PMC7211238 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8584763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of heart failure, an effective pharmacological therapy to protect cardiac tissues from severe loss of contractile function associated with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (MI) has yet to be developed. Methods We examined the cardioprotective effects of (Z)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid, a new compound with potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities in a rat model of heart failure. (Z)-2-Acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid was systemically delivered to rats 6 weeks after MI at different doses (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg). Cardiac function was assessed by hemodynamic measurements. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis-related molecules, and markers of adverse ventricular remodeling was measured using RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Treatment with (Z)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid significantly improved cardiac function, in particular by increasing dP/dt. Simultaneously, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β was markedly reduced in the treatment group compared with the MI group. In addition, (Z)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid-treated tissues displayed decreased expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 and increased expression of Bcl-2, which was in part due to the promotion of Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion These data demonstrated that (Z)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid possesses potent cardioprotective effects against cardiac injury in a rat model of heart failure, which is mediated, at least in part, by suppression of the inflammatory and cell apoptosis responses.
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157
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Therapeutic potential of miR-21 regulation by human peripheral blood derived-small extracellular vesicles in myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:985-999. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20191077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as natural membranous vesicles are on the frontiers of nanomedical research, due to their ability to deliver therapeutic molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNA-21 (miR-21) is thought to be involved in the initiation and development of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we examined whether miR-21 regulation using human peripheral blood-derived sEVs (PB-sEVs) could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for MI. First, we examined miR-21 levels in hypoxic conditions and validated the ability of PB-sEVs to serve as a potential delivery system for miRNAs. Further, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay were performed to identify target genes of miR-21 mechanistically. Among numerous target pathways, we focused on nitrogen metabolism, which remains relatively unexplored compared with other possible miR-21-mediated pathways; hence, we aimed to determine novel target genes of miR-21 related to nitrogen metabolism. In hypoxic conditions, the expression of miR-21 was significantly up-regulated and correlated with nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) levels, which in turn influences cardiac function. The down-regulation of miR-21 expression by PB-sEVs loaded with anti-miR-21 significantly improved survival rates, consistent with the augmentation of cardiac function. However, the up-regulation of miR-21 expression by PB-sEVs loaded with miR-21 reversed these effects. Mechanistically, miR-21 targeted and down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of striatin (STRN), which could regulate NOS3 expression. In conclusion, we identified a novel therapeutic strategy to improve cardiac function by regulating the expression of miR-21 with PB-sEVs as an miR-21 or anti-miR-21 delivery vehicle and confirmed the miR-21-associated nitrogen metabolic disorders in MI.
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158
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Ma L, Cao Y, Zhang L, Li K, Yan L, Pan Y, Zhu J. Celastrol mitigates high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes via miR-345-5p/growth arrest-specific 6. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3201. [PMID: 32307774 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol (Cel) has been corroborated as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent in multiple cell damage models. However, the protective effect of Cel in high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte injury is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether Cel can mitigate HG-stimulated cardiomyocyte injury via regulating the miR-345-5p/growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) signaling pathway. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were exposed to normal glucose (NG; 5 mmol/l) or HG (30 mmol/l) and then administered with Cel. Cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell proliferative activity and apoptosis. mRNA and protein expression were analyzed using a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. A bioinformatics algorithm and a luciferase reporter gene assay were used to determine whether Gas6 is a direct target of miR-345-5p. RESULTS The present study confirmed the inhibitory effects of Cel in HG-induced inflammation in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, Cel exhibited the ability to antagonize HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and suppress the elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio elicited by HG stimulation. Intriguingly, Cel treatment revoked the HG-triggered repression of Gas6 protein expression, and Gas6 loss-of-function accelerated HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. HG-triggered up-regulation of miR-345-5p expression was depressed following Cel treatment. Importantly, we validated that Gas6 is a direct target of miR-345-5p. Transfection with miR-345-5p inhibitors restrained HG-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study demonstrate that Cel administration antagonized HG-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation through up-regulating Gas6 expression by restraining miR-345-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ketao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Laixing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhan Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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159
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Raj V, Aboumanei MH, Rai A, Verma SP, Singh AK, Keshari AK, Saha S. Pharmacophore and 3d-Qsar Modeling of new 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives: Specificity to Colorectal Cancer. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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160
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Vadivel S, Vincent P, Sekaran S, Visaga Ambi S, Muralidar S, Selvaraj V, Palaniappan B, Thirumalai D. Inflammation in myocardial injury- Stem cells as potential immunomodulators for myocardial regeneration and restoration. Life Sci 2020; 250:117582. [PMID: 32222465 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ineffective immunosuppressant's and targeted strategies to neutralize inflammatory mediators have worsened the scenario of heart failure and have opened many questions for debate. Stem cell therapy has proven to be a promising approach for treating heart following myocardial infarction (MI). Adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells are possible cell types and have successfully shown to regenerate damaged myocardial tissue in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Current implications of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to their immunomodulatory functions and paracrine effects could serve as an effective alternative treatment option for rejuvenating the heart post MI. The major setback associated with the use of MSCs is reduced cell retention, engraftment and decreased effectiveness. With a few reports on understanding the role of inflammation and its dual effects on the structure and function of heart, this review focuses on these missing insights and further exemplifies the role of MSCs as an alternative therapy in treating the pathological consequences in myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini Vadivel
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Vincent
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Senthil Visaga Ambi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shibi Muralidar
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vimalraj Selvaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Palaniappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diraviyam Thirumalai
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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161
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Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia is still one of the greatest threats to the newborn child, even in developed countries. However, there is a lack of works which summarize up-to-date information about that huge topic. Our review covers a broader spectrum of recent results from studies on mechanisms leading to hypoxia-induced injury. It also resumes possible primary causes and observed behavioral outcomes of perinatal hypoxia. In this review, we recognize two types of hypoxia, according to the localization of its primary cause: environmental and placental. Later we analyze possible pathways of prenatal hypoxia-induced injury including gene expression changes, glutaminergic excitatory damage (and a role of NMDA receptors in it), oxidative stress with ROS and RNS production, inflammation and apoptosis. Moreover, we focus on the impact of these pathophysiological changes on the structure and development of the brain, especially on its regions: corpus striatum and hippocampus. These brain changes of the offspring lead to impairments in their postnatal growth and sensorimotor development, and in their motor functions, activity, emotionality and learning ability in adulthood. Later we compare various animal models used to investigate the impact of prenatal and postnatal injury (hypoxic, ischemic or combinatory) on living organisms, and show their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Piešová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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162
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Wang Q, Yang Y, Chen K, Li D, Tang B, Peng K, Wang Z, Yang P, Yang D, Yang Y. Dietary Menthol Attenuates Inflammation and Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction via the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:223-233. [PMID: 31648306 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential melastatin subtype 8 (TRPM8) is a cold-sensing cation channel, mainly localized in the sensory neurons, which can be activated by menthol, a compound with a naturally cold sensation in mint. However, the effect of TRPM8 activation in inflammation and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is not well defined. METHODS TRPM8 knockout (KO) mice (TRPM8-/-) and their wild-type littermates, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into sham and MI groups and were fed with chow or chow plus menthol. RESULTS Dietary menthol significantly attenuated MI injury, evidenced by decreased survival rates and plasma cardiac troponion I levels, reduced infarct size and cardiomyocytes, declined collagen deposition, and rescued cardiac function and hemodynamics. However, these effects of menthol disappeared when mice were lacking TRPM8. Furthermore, feeding of menthol ameliorated elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and aggravated inflammation infiltration in the MI mice but not in TRPM8-/- mice. In addition, menthol treatment increased the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which were absent in TRPM8-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary menthol can protect against inflammation and cardiac remodeling after MI through activation of TRPM8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - De Li
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dachun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Mitochondrial ROS in myocardial ischemia reperfusion and remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165768. [PMID: 32173461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite major progress in interventional and medical treatments, myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent development of heart failure (HF) are still associated with high mortality. Both during ischemia reperfusion (IR) in the acute setting of MI, as well as in the chronic remodeling process following MI, oxidative stress substantially contributes to cardiac damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within mitochondria are particular drivers of mechanisms contributing to IR injury, including induction of mitochondrial permeability transition or oxidative damage of intramitochondrial structures and molecules. But even beyond the acute setting, mechanisms like inflammatory signaling, extracellular remodeling, or pro-apoptotic signaling that contribute to post-infarction remodeling are regulated by mitochondrial ROS. In the current review, we discuss both sources and consequences of mitochondrial ROS during IR and in the chronic setting following MI, thereby emphasizing the potential therapeutic value of attenuating mitochondrial ROS to improve outcome and prognosis for patients suffering MI.
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164
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Khuanjing T, Palee S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. The effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure: From cells to patient reports. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13396. [PMID: 31595611 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure are associated with cardiac autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal from the heart. Increased parasympathetic activity by electrical vagal nerve stimulation has been shown to provide beneficial effects in the case of cardiovascular diseases in both animals and patients by improving autonomic function, cardiac remodelling and mitochondrial function. However, clinical limitations for electrical vagal nerve stimulation exist because of its invasive nature, costly equipment and limited clinical validation. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches which moderate parasympathetic activities could be beneficial for in the case of cardiovascular disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors inhibit acetylcholinesterase and hence increase cholinergic transmission. Recent studies have reported that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve autonomic function and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease models. Despite its potential clinical benefits for cardiovascular disease patients, the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure remediation remains unclear. This article comprehensively reviews the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure scenarios from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical reports. The mechanisms involved are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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165
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Du Y, Wang X, Li L, Hao W, Zhang H, Li Y, Qin Y, Nie S, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Lau WB, Wang Y, Ma XL, Wei Y. miRNA-Mediated Suppression of a Cardioprotective Cardiokine as a Novel Mechanism Exacerbating Post-MI Remodeling by Sleep Breathing Disorders. Circ Res 2020; 126:212-228. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, a sleep breathing disorder in which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the primary pathology, is associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, whether and how CIH may affect cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown.
Objective:
To determine whether CIH exposure at different periods of MI may exacerbate post-MI heart failure and to identify the mechanisms underlying CIH-exacerbated post-MI remodeling.
Methods and Results:
Adult male mice were subjected to MI (4 weeks) with and without CIH (4 or 8 weeks). CIH before MI (CIH+MI) had no significant effect on post-MI remodeling. However, double CIH exposure (CIH+MI+CIH) or CIH only during the MI period (MI+CIH) significantly exacerbated pathological remodeling and reduced survival rate. Mechanistically, CIH activated TGF-β (tumor growth factor-β)/Smad (homologs of both the Drosophila protein MAD and the C. elegans protein SMA) signaling and enhanced cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, markedly increasing post-MI cardiac fibrosis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, among 15 genes significantly downregulated (MI+CIH versus MI),
Ctrp9
(a novel cardioprotective cardiokine) was one of the most significantly inhibited genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction/Western analysis confirmed that cardiomyocyte CTRP9 expression was significantly reduced in MI+CIH mice. RNA-sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified that microRNA-214-3p is a novel
Ctrp9
targeting miRNA. Its upregulation is responsible for
Ctrp9
gene suppression in MI+CIH. Finally, AAV9 (adeno-associated virus 9)-mediated cardiac-specific CTRP9 overexpression or rCTRP9 (recombinated CTRP9) administration inhibited TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, attenuated interstitial fibrosis, improved cardiac function, and enhanced survival rate in MI+CIH animals.
Conclusions:
This study provides the first evidence that MI+CIH upregulates miR-214-3p, suppresses cardiac CTRP9 (C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein-9) expression, and exacerbates cardiac remodeling, suggesting that CTRP9 may be a novel therapeutic target against pathological remodeling in MI patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Du
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, PA (Y.D., T.A.C., B.L.L., W.B.L., Y.W., X.-L.M.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
| | - Linyi Li
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
| | - Wenjing Hao
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
| | - Huina Zhang
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
| | - Yu Li
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
| | - Yanwen Qin
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
| | - Shaoping Nie
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
| | - Theodore A. Christopher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, PA (Y.D., T.A.C., B.L.L., W.B.L., Y.W., X.-L.M.)
| | - Bernard L. Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, PA (Y.D., T.A.C., B.L.L., W.B.L., Y.W., X.-L.M.)
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, PA (Y.D., T.A.C., B.L.L., W.B.L., Y.W., X.-L.M.)
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, PA (Y.D., T.A.C., B.L.L., W.B.L., Y.W., X.-L.M.)
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, PA (Y.D., T.A.C., B.L.L., W.B.L., Y.W., X.-L.M.)
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.D., X.W., L.L., W.H., H.Z., Y.L., Y.Q., S.N., Y.W.)
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166
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Rouatbi H, Farhat N, Heying R, Gérard A, Vazquez-Jimenez JF, Seghaye MC. Right Atrial Myocardial Remodeling in Children With Atrial Septal Defect Involves Inflammation, Growth, Fibrosis, and Apoptosis. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:40. [PMID: 32117843 PMCID: PMC7033500 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Myocardial remodeling due to large atrial septum defect (ASD) is macroscopically characterized by dilation of the right-sided cardiac cavities secondary to volume overload, the cellular mechanisms of which are not yet understood. We postulated that inflammation, fibrosis, and cell death are actors of right atrial remodeling secondary to ASD. Patients and Methods: In 12 children with large ASD (median age: 63 months), expression of genes coding for proteins involved in the response to cell stress and -protection, inflammation, growth and angiogenesis, fibrosis, and apoptosis was assessed by RT-PCR in right atrial myocardial biopsies taken during cardiac surgery. The presence of cytokines in myocardial cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and effective apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Results: In all patients investigated, a cellular response to early mechanical stress with the initiation of early protective mechanisms, of inflammation (and its control), -growth, and -angiogenesis, of fibrosis and apoptosis was present. The apoptotic index assessed by TUNEL assay averaged 0.3%. Conclusions: In children with large ASD, macroscopic right atrial remodeling relates to cellular mechanisms involving the expression of numerous genes that either still act to protect cells and tissues but that also harm as they initiate and/or sustain inflammation, fibrosis, and cell death by apoptosis. This may contribute to long term morbidity in patients with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Rouatbi
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nesrine Farhat
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ruth Heying
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arlette Gérard
- Department of Pediatrics, GIGA Neurosciences, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
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167
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Wu Z, Zhao X, Miyamoto A, Zhao S, Liu C, Zheng W, Wang H. Effects of steroidal saponins extract from Ophiopogon japonicus root ameliorates doxorubicin-induced chronic heart failure by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:176-183. [PMID: 30860934 PMCID: PMC6419681 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1577467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ophiopogonis Radix, the root of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl (Liliaceae), is a Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been investigated to possess effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the cardioprotective effects of steroidal saponins extract from Ophiopogon japonicus (SOJ) root against doxorubicin-induced chronic heart failure (CHF) through the amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Sprague-Dawley rat model of CHF was established by intraperitoneally injected with DOX. All rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, CHF group, CHF + SOJ (100 mg/kg) treatment group, SOJ (100 mg/kg) treatment group (n = 8/group). After six weeks administration, biometric and echocardiography were measured. The levels of biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. RESULTS The values of LVESP, +dP/dtmax, -dP/dtmax, EF and FS increased to 116.20 ± 1.68 mmHg, 2978.71 ± 168.26 mmHg/s, 3452.61 ± 286.09 mmHg/s, 68.26 ± 5.28% and 31.97 ± 3.79%, respectively; the values of LVEDP, LVESD and LVEDD decreased to 8.85 ± 0.84 mmHg, 8.39 ± 0.45 mm and 12.36 ± 0.87 mm in CHF + SOJ group. In addition, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β decreased to 154.41 ± 7.72 pg/mg protein, 110.02 ± 6.96 pg/mg protein and 39.39 ± 5.27 pg/mg protein, respectively; the relative activity of p38 MAPK decreased to 2.60 ± 0.40 in CHF + SOJ group. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increased to 268.77 ± 6.20 U/mg protein, 13.68 ± 0.68 U/mg protein and 316.90 ± 8.08 µmol/mg protein, and the content of MDA decreased to 4.03 ± 0.43 nmol/mg protein in CHF + SOJ group. CONCLUSIONS SOJ exerts the cardioprotective effect against DOX-induced CHF through suppressing inflammatory and oxidative stress. These results provide evidence that SOJ might be an effective treatment for CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, China
| | - Xuekai Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Akira Miyamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe International University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shengji Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, China
| | - Chaoquan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, China
| | - HongTao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xian, China
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168
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Wei Y, Lan Y, Zhong Y, Yu K, Xu W, Zhu R, Sun H, Ding Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q. Interleukin-38 alleviates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:371-384. [PMID: 31746138 PMCID: PMC6933378 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive immune‐mediated inflammatory reaction plays a deleterious role in ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). Interleukin (IL)‐38 is a newly characterized cytokine of the IL‐1 family and has been reported to exert a protective effect in some autoimmune diseases. However, its role in cardiac remodelling post‐MI remains unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of IL‐38 was increased in infarcted heart after MI induced in C57BL/6 mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. In addition, our data showed that ventricular remodelling after MI was significantly ameliorated after recombinant IL‐38 injection in mice. This amelioration was demonstrated by better cardiac function, restricted inflammatory response, attenuated myocardial injury and decreased myocardial fibrosis. Our results in vitro revealed that IL‐38 affects the phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs) and IL‐38 plus troponin I (TNI)‐treated tolerogenic DCs dampened adaptive immune response when co‐cultured with CD4+T cells. In conclusion, IL‐38 plays a protective effect in ventricular remodelling post‐MI, one possibility by influencing DCs to attenuate inflammatory response. Therefore, targeting IL‐38 may hold a new therapeutic potential in treating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wei
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Lan
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Zhong
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunwu Yu
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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169
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Hasan HF, Radwan RR, Galal SM. Bradykinin‐potentiating factor isolated from
Leiurus quinquestriatus
scorpion venom alleviates cardiomyopathy in irradiated rats
via
remodelling of the RAAS pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:263-273. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT) Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha R. Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- Health Radiation Research Department National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt
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170
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Zhang T, Dang M, Zhang W, Lin X. Gold nanoparticles synthesized from Euphorbia fischeriana root by green route method alleviates the isoprenaline hydrochloride induced myocardial infarction in rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 202:111705. [PMID: 31812087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The procurance of gold nanoparticles in the plant extracts is an excellent way to attain nanomaterials natural and eco-friendly nanomaterials. The Dehydrated roots of Chinese Euphorbia fischeriana flowering plant are called "Lang-Du". In this study, the retrieving of gold nanoparticles from Euphorbia fischeriana root was amalgamated by standard procedure. Fabricated gold nanoparticles were portrayed through the investigations of ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis and FTIR results explicated the obtained particles were sphere-shaped and the terpenoids of Euphorbia fischeriana had strong communications with gold surface. The HRTEM and XRD images exposed the produced gold nanoparticles had an extreme composition of crystal arrangement and excellent uniformed size of particles. In our study, the Isoprenaline induced myocardial damage established the elevation in TBARS, LOOH of heart tissues and notable decline in antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH. This biochemical result was additionally proved by histopathological assessment. Remarkably, the pretreatment with EF-AuNps(50 mg/kg b.w) illustrated stabilized levels of serum creatine and cardiotropins in myocardial infarcted animals. And further we understood the essential function of NF-ƙB, TNF-α, IL-6 signaling molecules and its way progression in the development of vascular tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450007, China
| | - Minyan Dang
- Innoscience Research SdnBhd, Jalan USJ 25/1, 47650 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- Innoscience Research SdnBhd, Jalan USJ 25/1, 47650 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xue Lin
- Emergency Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027 China.
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171
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Ding Z, Wang X, Liu S, Shahanawaz J, Theus S, Fan Y, Deng X, Zhou S, Mehta JL. PCSK9 expression in the ischaemic heart and its relationship to infarct size, cardiac function, and development of autophagy. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1738-1751. [PMID: 29800228 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has emerged as a novel therapy to treat hypercholesterolaemia and related cardiovascular diseases. This study determined if PCSK9 can regulate infarct size, cardiac function, and autophagy during ischaemia. Methods and results Mice hearts were subjected to left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion. There was intense expression of PCSK9 in the zone bordering the infarct area in association with marked cardiac contractile dysfunction in the wild-type mice. This region also revealed intense autophagy. To assess the role of PCSK9 in the evolution of infarct size and function and development of autophagy, we used wild-type mice pre-treated with two different PCSK9 inhibitors (Pep2-8 and EGF-A) or mice lacking PCSK9 gene. Both strategies resulted in smaller infarcts and improved cardiac function following LCA ligation. PCSK9 inhibition also markedly reduced autophagy. Relationship between myocardial ischaemia and PCSK9 expression and autophagy was examined in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia resulted in prompt PCSK9 expression and autophagy signals; both were blocked by HIF-1α siRNA. Further, treatment of cardiomyocytes with recombinant PCSK9 during hypoxia induced, and treatment with PCSK9 siRNA reduced, autophagy suggesting a possible role of PCSK9 in the determination of autophagy. Other studies revealed activation of ROS-ATM-LKB1-AMPK axis as a possible mechanism of PCSK-induced autophagy. Hearts of humans with recent infarcts also showed expression of PCSK9 and autophagy in the border zone-similar to that in the infarcted mouse heart. Conclusion PCSK9 is up-regulated in the ischaemic hearts and determines development of infarct size, cardiac function, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zufeng Ding
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jiwani Shahanawaz
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sue Theus
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Sichang Zhou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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172
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Jiang WY, Huo JY, Chen C, Chen R, Ge TT, Chang Q, Hu JW, Geng J, Jiang ZX, Shan QJ. Renal denervation ameliorates post-infarction cardiac remodeling in rats through dual regulation of oxidative stress in the heart and brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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173
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Forte E, Furtado MB, Rosenthal N. The interstitium in cardiac repair: role of the immune-stromal cell interplay. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 15:601-616. [PMID: 30181596 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration, that is, restoration of the original structure and function in a damaged heart, differs from tissue repair, in which collagen deposition and scar formation often lead to functional impairment. In both scenarios, the early-onset inflammatory response is essential to clear damaged cardiac cells and initiate organ repair, but the quality and extent of the immune response vary. Immune cells embedded in the damaged heart tissue sense and modulate inflammation through a dynamic interplay with stromal cells in the cardiac interstitium, which either leads to recapitulation of cardiac morphology by rebuilding functional scaffolds to support muscle regrowth in regenerative organisms or fails to resolve the inflammatory response and produces fibrotic scar tissue in adult mammals. Current investigation into the mechanistic basis of homeostasis and restoration of cardiac function has increasingly shifted focus away from stem cell-mediated cardiac repair towards a dynamic interplay of cells composing the less-studied interstitial compartment of the heart, offering unexpected insights into the immunoregulatory functions of cardiac interstitial components and the complex network of cell interactions that must be considered for clinical intervention in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA. .,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK.
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174
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Darwesh AM, Sosnowski DK, Lee TYT, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Seubert JM. Insights into the cardioprotective properties of n-3 PUFAs against ischemic heart disease via modulation of the innate immune system. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:20-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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175
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González-Herrera L, Márquez-Ruiz AB, Serrano MJ, Ramos V, Lorente JA, Valenzuela A. mRNA expression patterns in human myocardial tissue, pericardial fluid and blood, and its contribution to the diagnosis of cause of death. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 302:109876. [PMID: 31419595 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression has become an interesting research area in forensic pathology to investigate the process of death at the molecular level. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in gene expression patterns in relation to the cause of death, and to propose new molecular markers of myocardial ischemia of potential use for the postmortem diagnosis of early ischemic heart damage in cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD). We determined mRNA levels of five proteins related with ischemic myocardial damage and repair - TNNI3, MYL3, TGFB1, MMP9 and VEGFA - in specific sites of the myocardium, blood and pericardial fluid in samples from 30 cadavers with different causes of death (SCD, multiple trauma, mechanical asphyxia, and other natural deaths). TNNI3 expression in blood, and MMP9 expression in pericardial fluid, were significantly higher when the cause of death was mechanical asphyxia, probably because of the more sensitive response of these proteins to acute systemic hypoxia/ischemia. Specifically, among SCD cases, increased MYL3, VEGFA and MMP9 values in the anterior wall of the right ventricle were found when the confirmed cause of death was acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Higher TGFB1 expression was found in the interventricular septum when AMI was not the cause of death, most likely as a reflection of the short duration of ischemia. Molecular biology techniques can provide complementary tools for the forensic diagnosis of early ischemic myocardial damage and AMI, and may make it possible to determine the duration and severity of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas González-Herrera
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Márquez-Ruiz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Serrano
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Valentín Ramos
- Forensic Pathology Service, Legal Medicine Institute of Malaga, C./Fiscal Luís Portero García 6, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lorente
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Aurora Valenzuela
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Yan J, Yan JY, Wang YX, Ling YN, Song XD, Wang SY, Liu HQ, Liu QC, Zhang Y, Yang PZ, Wang XB, Chen AH. Spermidine-enhanced autophagic flux improves cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction by targeting the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3126-3142. [PMID: 31077347 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spermidine, a natural polyamine, is abundant in mammalian cells and is involved in cell growth, proliferation, and regeneration. Recently, oral spermidine supplements were cardioprotective in age-related cardiac dysfunction, through enhancing autophagic flux. However, the effect of spermidine on myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We determined the effects of spermidine in a model of MI, Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery, and in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) exposed to angiotensin II (Ang II). Cardiac function in vivo was assessed with echocardiography. In vivo and in vitro studies used histological and immunohistochemical techniques, along with western blots. KEY RESULTS Spermidine improved cardiomyocyte viability and decreased cell necrosis in NRCs treated with angiotensin II. In rats post-MI, spermidine reduced infarct size, improved cardiac function, and attenuated myocardial hypertrophy. Spermidine also suppressed the oxidative damage and inflammatory cytokines induced by MI. Moreover, spermidine enhanced autophagic flux and decreased apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The protective effects of spermidine on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction were abolished by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, indicating that spermidine exerted cardioprotective effects at least partly through promoting autophagic flux, by activating the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that spermidine improved MI-induced cardiac dysfunction by promoting AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yun Yan
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xi Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Na Ling
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Song
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Qiong Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Cai Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangdong Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ping-Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bao Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Hua Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
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177
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Cruz Junho CV, Trentin-Sonoda M, Alvim JM, Gaisler-Silva F, Carneiro-Ramos MS. Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent kinase II delta B is essential for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and complement gene expression after LPS and HSP60 stimulation in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8732. [PMID: 31314855 PMCID: PMC6644523 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), suggesting that the immune system is a target of therapeutic interventions used for treating CVDs. This study evaluated mechanisms underlying inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy associated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or heat shock protein 60 (HSP60)-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation and the effect of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II delta B (CaMKIIδB) on these outcomes. Our results showed that treatment with HSP60 or LPS (TLR agonists) induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and complement system C3 and factor B gene expression. In vitro silencing of CaMKIIδB prevented complement gene transcription and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy associated with TLR 2/4 activation but did not prevent the increase in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alfa gene expression in primary cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, CaMKIIδB silencing attenuated nuclear factor-kappa B expression. These findings supported the hypothesis that CaMKIIδB acts as a link between inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the present study is the first to show that extracellular HSP60 activated complement gene expression through CaMKIIδB. Our results indicated that a stress stimulus induced by LPS or HSP60 treatment promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and initiated an inflammatory response through the complement system. However, CaMKIIδB silencing prevented the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy independent of inflammatory response induced by LPS or HSP60 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Cruz Junho
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - M Trentin-Sonoda
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.,Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Alvim
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.,Laboratorio de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F Gaisler-Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
| | - M S Carneiro-Ramos
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil
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178
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Shimizu K, Funamoto M, Sunagawa Y, Shimizu S, Katanasaka Y, Miyazaki Y, Wada H, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Anti-inflammatory Action of Curcumin and Its Use in the Treatment of Lifestyle-related Diseases. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:117-122. [PMID: 31360234 PMCID: PMC6659038 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.17.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity/impaired glucose tolerance. Curcumin is a natural extract that possesses numerous physiological properties, as indicated by its anti-inflammatory action. The mechanisms underlying these effects include the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent signalling pathways and the activation of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma pathway. However, the bioavailability of curcumin is very low in humans. To resolve this issue, several drug delivery systems have been developed and a number of clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of curcumin in the management of inflammation-related diseases. It is expected that evidence regarding the clinical application of curcumin in lifestyle-related diseases associated with chronic inflammation will accumulate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
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179
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Nguyen AH, Marsh P, Schmiess-Heine L, Burke PJ, Lee A, Lee J, Cao H. Cardiac tissue engineering: state-of-the-art methods and outlook. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:57. [PMID: 31297148 PMCID: PMC6599291 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to assess the state-of-the-art fabrication methods, advances in genome editing, and the use of machine learning to shape the prospective growth in cardiac tissue engineering. Those interdisciplinary emerging innovations would move forward basic research in this field and their clinical applications. The long-entrenched challenges in this field could be addressed by novel 3-dimensional (3D) scaffold substrates for cardiomyocyte (CM) growth and maturation. Stem cell-based therapy through genome editing techniques can repair gene mutation, control better maturation of CMs or even reveal its molecular clock. Finally, machine learning and precision control for improvements of the construct fabrication process and optimization in tissue-specific clonal selections with an outlook of cardiac tissue engineering are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H. Nguyen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Paul Marsh
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Lauren Schmiess-Heine
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Peter J. Burke
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Abraham Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - Hung Cao
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
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180
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Bryson TD, Ross J, Peterson E, Harding P. Prostaglandin E 2 and an EP4 receptor agonist inhibit LPS-Induced monocyte chemotactic protein 5 production and secretion in mouse cardiac fibroblasts via Akt and NF-κB signaling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106349. [PMID: 31229524 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signals through 4 separate G-protein coupled receptor sub-types to elicit a variety of physiologic and pathophysiological effects. We have previously reported that mice lacking the EP4 receptor in the cardiomyocytes develop heart failure with a phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy. Also, these mice have increased levels of chemokines, like MCP-5, in their left ventricles. We have recently reported that overexpression of the EP4 receptor could improve cardiac function in the myocardial infarction model. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of EP4 had an anti-inflammatory effect in the whole left ventricle. It has also been shown that PGE2 can antagonize lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of chemokines/cytokines in various cell types. We therefore hypothesized that PGE2 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MCP-5 secretion in adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts via its EP4 receptor. METHODS AND RESULTS Our hypothesis was tested using isolated mouse adult ventricular fibroblasts (AVF) treated with LPS. Pre-treatment of the cells with PGE2 and the EP4 agonist CAY10598 resulted in reductions of the pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS. Specifically, we observed reductions in MCP-5 secretion. Western blot analysis showed reductions in phosphorylated Akt and IκBα indicating reduced NF-κB activation. The anti-inflammatory effects of PGE2 and EP4 agonist signaling appeared to be independent of cAMP, p-44/42, or p38 pathways. CONCLUSION Exogenous treatment of PGE2 and the EP4 receptor agonist blocked the pro-inflammatory actions of LPS. Mechanistically, this was mediated via reduced Akt phosphorylation and inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Bryson
- Hypertension & Vascular Research Division, Dept. Internal Medicine, USA; Dept. of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jacob Ross
- Hypertension & Vascular Research Division, Dept. Internal Medicine, USA
| | - Edward Peterson
- Dept. of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pamela Harding
- Hypertension & Vascular Research Division, Dept. Internal Medicine, USA; Dept. of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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181
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Zhang Y, Gago-Lopez N, Li N, Zhang Z, Alver N, Liu Y, Martinson AM, Mehri A, MacLellan WR. Single-cell imaging and transcriptomic analyses of endogenous cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and cycling. Cell Discov 2019; 5:30. [PMID: 31231540 PMCID: PMC6547664 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is recognized that there are low levels of new cardiomyocyte (CM) formation throughout life, the source of these new CM generates much debate. One hypothesis is that these new CMs arise from the proliferation of existing CMs potentially after dedifferentiation although direct evidence for this is lacking. Here we explore the mechanisms responsible for CM renewal in vivo using multi-reporter transgenic mouse models featuring efficient adult CM (ACM) genetic cell fate mapping and real-time cardiomyocyte lineage and dedifferentiation reporting. Our results demonstrate that non-myocytes (e.g., cardiac progenitor cells) contribute negligibly to new ACM formation at baseline or after cardiac injury. In contrast, we found a significant increase in dedifferentiated, cycling CMs in post-infarct hearts. ACM cell cycling was enhanced within the dedifferentiated CM population. Single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that CMs identified with dedifferentiation reporters had significant down-regulation in gene networks for cardiac hypertrophy, contractile, and electrical function, with shifts in metabolic pathways, but up-regulation in signaling pathways and gene sets for active cell cycle, proliferation, and cell survival. The results demonstrate that dedifferentiation may be an important prerequisite for CM proliferation and explain the limited but measurable cardiac myogenesis seen after myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Nuria Gago-Lopez
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ning Li
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,4State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhe Zhang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Naima Alver
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Yonggang Liu
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Amy M Martinson
- 2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,5Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Avin Mehri
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - William Robb MacLellan
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,2Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,3Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.,6Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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182
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Li L, Luo W, Qian Y, Zhu W, Qian J, Li J, Jin Y, Xu X, Liang G. Luteolin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation and activating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152774. [PMID: 31009852 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for the development of heart failure. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and this nexus represents an attractive target to combat this disease. Naturally occurring flavonoid luteolin exhibits both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in various systems. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate potential cardioprotective effects of luteolin in cultured cardiomyocytes and in mice with type 1 diabetes. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DCM. High glucose (HG) was used to induce H9C2 cells injury in vitro. Cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation and oxidative stress were studied both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our studies show that luteolin significantly reduces HG-induced inflammatory phenotype and oxidative stress in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. We found that the mechanisms involved inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the activation of antioxidant nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Modulation of these pathways resulted in reduced expression of matrix proteins and cellular hypertrophy. Luteolin also prevented cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These readouts were also associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that luteolin protects heart tissues in STZ-induced diabetic mice through modulating Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that luteolin may be a potential therapeutic agent for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jieli Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yiyi Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xuzhong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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183
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Radan M, Dianat M, Badavi M, Mard SA, Bayati V, Goudarzi G. Gallic acid protects particulate matter (PM 10) triggers cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation causing heart adverse events in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18200-18207. [PMID: 31041709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter (PM) increased variety of health problems, particularly cardiovascular diseases leading to premature mortality. The cardiac effects of particulate matter containing PM10 include increased infarct size, decreased heart function, and increased arrhythmias in experimental ischemia-reperfusion models in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) on isolated-rat heart and also to determine the efficacy of gallic acid (GA) as a preventive agent in oxidative damage. The healthy rats were divided into 8 equal groups which served as, control, GA, PM10 (0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg), and PM10+GA groups. PM10 administered into the lungs via the trachea in two stages with 48-h interval. After all experiments, the electrocardiogram was recorded. Then, the hemodynamic parameters and ventricular arrhythmias in rat isolated-hearts were assessed using Langendorff apparatus and according to the Lambeth conventions. In addition, the inflammation and oxidative stress factors in cardiac tissues were evaluated in all groups. The obtained results showed that the exposure to PM caused to decrease in cardiac hemodynamic and electrocardiogram parameters. Also, in PM10 rat groups, the IL-6, TNF-α, and oxidative stress parameters were increased. Gallic acid preserved the value of cardiac parameters and inflammation in rat hearts. In summary, we added a novel therapeutic effect of gallic acid for cardiac dysfunction induced by particulate matter. These findings could be related to antioxidant and antiinflammation properties and the obtained results suggest that natural antioxidant like gallic acid could be a therapeutic agent in prevention and management of health issues in the polluted areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Radan
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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184
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Lin CF, Su CJ, Liu JH, Chen ST, Huang HL, Pan SL. Potential Effects of CXCL9 and CCL20 on Cardiac Fibrosis in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Isoproterenol-Treated Rats. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050659. [PMID: 31083544 PMCID: PMC6572441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokines CXCL9 and CCL20 have been reported to be associated with ventricular dysfunction. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of CXCL9/CCL20 on cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI). Blood samples of patients with MI were obtained to determine the serum CXCL9, CCL20, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The expression of CXCL9 and CCL20 in hypoxia-incubated H9c2 cells and TNF-α/TGF-β-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were examined. The experimental MI of rats was produced by the intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (ISO) (85 mg/kg/day) for two consecutive days. The growth and migration of CXCL9/CCL20-incubated cardiac fibroblasts in vitro were evaluated. TNF-α/TGF-β-activated PBMCs showed an enhanced expression of CXCL9 and CCL20, while hypoxic H9c2 cells did not. Patients with MI had significantly enhanced levels of serum TGF-β and CXCL9 compared to healthy subjects. ISO-treated rats had increased serum CXCL9 levels and marked cardiac fibrosis compared to control rats. The trend of increased serum CCL20 in patients with MI and ISO-treated rats was not significant. CXCL9-incubated cardiac fibroblasts showed enhanced proliferation and migration. The findings of this study suggest that an enhanced expression of CXCL9 following MI might play a role in post-MI cardiac fibrosis by activating cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Jou Su
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Hong Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shui-Tien Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Li Huang
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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185
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Qian C, Chang D, Li H, Wang Y. Identification of potentially critical genes in the development of heart failure after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7771-7777. [PMID: 30485493 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a common complication after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Here, we aim to identify critical genes related to the developed HF in patients with STEMI using bioinformatics analysis. The microarray data of GSE59867, including peripheral blood samples from nine patients with post-infarct HF and eight patients without post-infarct HF, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HF and non-HF groups were screened by LIMMA package. Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs were conducted, followed by construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The dynamic messenger RNA (mRNA) level of the hub genes during the follow-up was analyzed to further elucidate their role in HF development. A total of 58 upregulated and 75 downregulated DEGs were screen out. They were mainly enriched in biological processes about inflammatory response, extracellular matrix organization, response to cAMP, immune response, and positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. Pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were also involved in hematopoietic cell lineage, pathways in cancer, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. In the PPI network consisting of 58 nodes and 72 interactions, CXCL8 (degree = 15), THBS1 (degree = 8), FOS (degree = 7), and ITGA2B (degree = 6) were identified as the hub genes. In the comparison of patients with and without post-infarct HF, the mRNA level of these hub genes were all higher within 30 days but reached similar at 6 months after STEMI. In conclusion, CXCL8, THBS1, FOS, and ITGA2B may play important roles in the development of HF after acute STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danqi Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanggan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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186
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Ali SS, Mohamed SFA, Rozalei NH, Boon YW, Zainalabidin S. Anti-fibrotic Actions of Roselle Extract in Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 19:72-81. [PMID: 30128816 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure-associated morbidity and mortality is largely attributable to extensive and unregulated cardiac remodelling. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces are enriched with natural polyphenols known for antioxidant and anti-hypertensive effects, yet its effects on early cardiac remodelling in post myocardial infarction (MI) setting are still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the actions of roselle extract on cardiac remodelling in rat model of MI. Male Wistar rats (200-300 g) were randomly allotted into three groups: Control, MI, and MI + Roselle. MI was induced with isoprenaline (ISO) (85 mg/kg, s.c) for two consecutive days followed by roselle treatment (100 mg/kg, orally) for 7 days. Isoprenaline administration showed changes in heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio. MI was especially evident by the elevated cardiac injury marker, troponin-T, and histological observation. Upregulation of plasma levels and cardiac gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 was seen in MI rats. A relatively high percentage of fibrosis was observed in rat heart tissues with over-expression of collagen (Col)-1 and Col-3 genes following isoprenaline-induced MI. On top of that, cardiomyocyte areas were larger in heart tissues of MI rats with upregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene expression, indicating cardiac hypertrophy. Interestingly, roselle supplementation attenuated elevation of plasma troponin-T, IL-6, IL10, and gene expression level of IL-10. Furthermore, reduction of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy were observed. In conclusion, roselle treatment was able to limit early cardiac remodelling in MI rat model by alleviating inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy; hence, the potential application of roselle in early adjunctive treatment to prevent heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Agents/isolation & purification
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hibiscus/chemistry
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Isoproterenol
- Male
- Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/genetics
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Troponin T/blood
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafreena Shaukat Ali
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Azaharah Mohamed
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hafiqah Rozalei
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yap Wei Boon
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic Sciences & Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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187
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Marques MD, Nauffal V, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Vasconcellos HD, Wu C, Bahrami H, Tracy RP, Cushman M, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. Association Between Inflammatory Markers and Myocardial Fibrosis. Hypertension 2019; 72:902-908. [PMID: 30354713 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation promotes adverse ventricular remodeling. T1 mapping has been used to noninvasively assess interstitial myocardial fibrosis. We examined the association of baseline markers of systemic inflammation with interstitial myocardial fibrosis measured by extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and native T1 mapping at 10-year follow-up in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Seven hundred seventy-two participants had complete baseline data and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. All analyses were stratified by sex. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to assess the associations of baseline CRP (C-reactive protein), IL (interleukin)-6, and fibrinogen with native T1 time and ECV. Longer native T1 times and higher percentages of ECV represent increasing myocardial fibrosis. A 1-SD increment of log-transformed IL-6 levels was associated with 0.4% higher ECV in men (β=0.4; P=0.05). CRP and fibrinogen were not associated to ECV. A 1-SD increment in the log-transformed CRP levels was associated with 4.9 ms higher native T1 (β=4.9; P=0.03). In women, the inflammatory markers did not demonstrate association with native T1 nor ECV. Higher IL-6 and CRP levels are associated with increased interstitial myocardial fibrosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance in men. However, no inflammatory markers were associated to myocardial fibrosis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus D Marques
- From the Department of Medicine (M.D.M., V.N., H.D.V., J.A.C.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (M.D.M.)
| | - Victor Nauffal
- From the Department of Medicine (M.D.M., V.N., H.D.V., J.A.C.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Henrique D Vasconcellos
- From the Department of Medicine (M.D.M., V.N., H.D.V., J.A.C.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Pernambuco, Brazil (H.D.V.)
| | - Colin Wu
- Office of Biostatistics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.W.)
| | - Hossein Bahrami
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (H.B.)
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Colchester (R.P.T., M.C.)
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Colchester (R.P.T., M.C.)
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (D.A.B.)
| | - João A C Lima
- From the Department of Medicine (M.D.M., V.N., H.D.V., J.A.C.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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188
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Moludi J, Alizadeh M, Davari M, Golmohammadi A, Maleki V. The efficacy and safety of probiotics intervention in attenuating cardiac remodeling following myocardial infraction: Literature review and study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 15:100364. [PMID: 31193187 PMCID: PMC6520668 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Structural and functional changes that occur post myocardial infraction (MI) lead to the syndrome of heart failure (HF). However, their pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, alteration of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) has emerged as a new candidate that may be correlated with risk of HF development. We hypothesized that selective gut modulation by probiotic administration may improve metabolic dysfunction and attenuate cardiac remodeling (CR) in MI subjects. Methods /Design: This article is presented in two sections: First, we provided a review of recent findings related to gut microbiota and CR and their association with probiotic supplementation. Secondly, we will conduct a randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial in 46 Iranian patients with MI after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The participants (age: ≥ 30 years; ejection fraction (EF) greater than 30) will be selected by a simple random sampling method and will be assigned to 3 months of 1.6* 109 CFU probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus), or placebo groups (maltodextrin). The primary outcome is development of CR. The secondary outcomes measures include gut microbiota profile, biochemical variables and the safety of the probiotics supplementation. Also, echocardiography will be measured at baseline and following treatment. The data will be compared within and between groups using appropriate statistical methods. Discussion The results of this trial will provide evidence about the efficacy and safety of gut microbiota manipulation by probiotics in post-MI cardiac remodeling prevention. Ethical issues Present study protocol was approved by the regional committee of ethics in international branch of Tabriz University of Medical sciences (TBZMED) as a thesis proposal for PhD degree in Nutrition Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1397.184). Trial registration The Clinical trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20121028011288N15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Moludi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Davari
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Golmohammadi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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189
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ACE inhibitor suppresses cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by regulating dendritic cells and AT 2 receptor-mediated mechanism in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108660. [PMID: 30974387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a complex role in the progression of myocardial infarction (MI). The impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy, partly via affecting DCs maturation and recruitment, was tested on a MI mouse model. Furthermore, the cardioprotective effects of ACEI were enhanced through attenuating migration of DCs from the spleen into peripheral circulation, thereby inhibiting DCs maturation and tissue inflammation. ACEI repress DCs immune inflammatory response through down-regulating DCs maturation surface markers and regulating inflammatory cytokines, which led to a higher survival rate, improved function and remodeling through decreased inflammatory response after MI. However, inhibition of AT2R activation, resulted in a reduction of ACEI effects on DCs. The potent anti-inflammatory effect of ACEI can partially be attributed to its impact on DCs through activation of AT2R, which may provide a new target mechanism for ACEI therapy after MI.
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190
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Fiordelisi A, Iaccarino G, Morisco C, Coscioni E, Sorriento D. NFkappaB is a Key Player in the Crosstalk between Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071599. [PMID: 30935055 PMCID: PMC6480579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key mechanism of cardiovascular diseases. It is an essential component of atherosclerosis and a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events. In the crosstalk between inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, the transcription factor NFκB seems to be a key player since it is involved in the development and progression of both inflammation and cardiac and vascular damage. In this review, we deal with the recent findings of the role of inflammation in cardiac diseases, focusing, in particular, on NFκB as a functional link. We describe strategies for the therapeutic targeting of NFκB as a potential strategy for the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Enrico Coscioni
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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191
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Kang JY, Park H, Kim H, Mun D, Park H, Yun N, Joung B. Human peripheral blood‑derived exosomes for microRNA delivery. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2319-2328. [PMID: 30942393 PMCID: PMC6488179 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes serve important functions in cell-to-cell communication and biological functions by serving as a delivery cargo shuttle for various molecules. The application of an improved delivery method for microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may enhance their potential as a therapeutic tool in cardiac diseases. Thus, the present study investigated whether human peripheral blood-derived exosomes may be used as a delivery cargo system for miRNAs, and whether the delivery of miR-21 using a human peripheral blood derived-exosome may influence the degree of remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). In H9C2 and HL-1 cells, miR-21 expression was successfully regulated by treatment with human peripheral blood derived-exosomes loaded with an miR-21 mimic or inhibitor compared with untreated cells. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of SMAD family member 7 (Smad7), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), which are involved in cardiac fibrosis, were associated with the uptake of miR-21 mimic- or inhibitor-loaded exosomes. Similarly, the in vivo mRNA and protein expression of Smad7, PTEN and MMP2 were altered following treatment with miR-21 mimic- or inhibitor-loaded exosomes. Furthermore, miR-21 mimic-loaded exosomes enhanced fibrosis, whereas miR-21 inhibitor-loaded exosomes reduced fibrosis in a mouse MI model. These results suggested that miRNA-loaded human peripheral blood derived-exosomes may be used as a therapeutic tool for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelim Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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192
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Nawaito SA, Sahadevan P, Clavet-Lanthier MÉ, Pouliot P, Sahmi F, Shi Y, Gillis MA, Lesage F, Gaestel M, Sirois MG, Calderone A, Tardif JC, Allen BG. MK5 haplodeficiency decreases collagen deposition and scar size during post-myocardial infarction wound repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1281-H1296. [PMID: 30901279 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MK5 is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38, ERK3, and ERK4 MAPKs. MK5 mRNA and immunoreactivity are detected in mouse cardiac fibroblasts, and MK5 haplodeficiency attenuates the increase in collagen 1-α1 mRNA evoked by pressure overload. The present study examined the effect of MK5 haplodeficiency on reparative fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI). Twelve-week-old MK5+/- and wild-type littermate (MK5+/+) mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADL). Surviving mice were euthanized 8 or 21 days post-MI. Survival rates did not differ significantly between MK5+/+ and MK5+/- mice, with rupture of the LV wall being the primary cause of death. Echocardiographic imaging revealed similar increases in LV end-diastolic diameter, myocardial performance index, and wall motion score index in LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- mice. Area at risk did not differ between LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- hearts. In contrast, infarct size, scar area, and scar collagen content were reduced in LADL-MK5+/- hearts. Immunohistochemical analysis of mice experiencing heart rupture revealed increased MMP-9 immunoreactivity in the infarct border zone of LADL-MK5+/- hearts compared with LADL-MK5+/+. Although inflammatory cell infiltration was similar in LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- hearts, angiogenesis was more pronounced in the infarct border zone of LADL-MK5+/- mice. Characterization of ventricular fibroblasts revealed reduced motility and proliferation in fibroblasts isolated from MK5-/- mice compared with those from both wild-type and haplodeficient mice. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MK5 in fibroblasts from wild-type mice also impaired motility. Hence, reduced MK5 expression alters fibroblast function and scar morphology but not mortality post-MI. NEW & NOTEWORTHY MK5/PRAK is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38 MAPK and/or atypical MAPKs ERK3/4. MK5 haplodeficiency reduced infarct size, scar area, and scar collagen content post-myocardial infarction. Motility and proliferation were reduced in cultured MK5-null cardiac myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ali Nawaito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Pramod Sahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Fatiha Sahmi
- Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Frederic Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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193
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Lock MC, Darby JRT, Soo JY, Brooks DA, Perumal SR, Selvanayagam JB, Seed M, Macgowan CK, Porrello ER, Tellam RL, Morrison JL. Differential Response to Injury in Fetal and Adolescent Sheep Hearts in the Immediate Post-myocardial Infarction Period. Front Physiol 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 30890961 PMCID: PMC6412108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Characterizing the response to myocardial infarction (MI) in the regenerative sheep fetus heart compared to the post-natal non-regenerative adolescent heart may reveal key morphological and molecular differences that equate to the response to MI in humans. We hypothesized that the immediate response to injury in (a) infarct compared with sham, and (b) infarct, border, and remote tissue, in the fetal sheep heart would be fundamentally different to the adolescent, allowing for repair after damage. Methods: We used a sheep model of MI induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Surgery was performed on fetuses (105 days) and adolescent sheep (6 months). Sheep were randomly separated into MI (n = 5) or Sham (n = 5) surgery groups at both ages. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological/immunohistochemical staining, and qRT-PCR to assess the morphological and molecular differences between the different age groups in response to infarction. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging showed no difference in fetuses for key functional parameters; however there was a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output in the adolescent sheep heart at 3 days post-infarction. There was no significant difference in functional parameters between MRI sessions at Day 0 and Day 3 after surgery. Expression of genes involved in glucose transport and fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines as well as growth factors and cell cycle regulators remained largely unchanged in the infarcted compared to sham ventricular tissue in the fetus, but were significantly dysregulated in the adolescent sheep. Different cardiac tissue region-specific gene expression profiles were observed between the fetal and adolescent sheep. Conclusion: Fetuses demonstrated a resistance to cardiac damage not observed in the adolescent animals. The manipulation of specific gene expression profiles to a fetal-like state may provide a therapeutic strategy to treat patients following an infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sunthara Rajan Perumal
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joseph B Selvanayagam
- Cardiac Imaging Research Group, Department of Heart Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Cardiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Enzo R Porrello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross L Tellam
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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194
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Farina M, Alexander JF, Thekkedath U, Ferrari M, Grattoni A. Cell encapsulation: Overcoming barriers in cell transplantation in diabetes and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:92-115. [PMID: 29719210 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising strategy for treating a wide range of human diseases, such as diabetes, blood disorders, acute liver failure, spinal cord injury, and several types of cancer. Pancreatic islets, blood cells, hepatocytes, and stem cells are among the many cell types currently used for this strategy. The encapsulation of these "therapeutic" cells is under intense investigation to not only prevent immune rejection but also provide a controlled and supportive environment so they can function effectively. Some of the advanced encapsulation systems provide active agents to the cells and enable a complete retrieval of the graft in the case of an adverse body reaction. Here, we review various encapsulation strategies developed in academic and industrial settings, including the state-of-the-art technologies in advanced preclinical phases as well as those undergoing clinical trials, and assess their advantages and challenges. We also emphasize the importance of stimulus-responsive encapsulated cell systems that provide a "smart and live" therapeutic delivery to overcome barriers in cell transplantation as well as their use in patients.
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Ibarra-Lara L, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Soria-Castro E, Vargas-Barrón J, Roldán FJ, Pavón N, Torres-Narváez JC, Cervantes-Pérez LG, Pastelín-Hernández G, Sánchez-Mendoza A. Clofibrate Treatment Decreases Inflammation and Reverses Myocardial Infarction-Induced Remodelation in a Rodent Experimental Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020270. [PMID: 30642049 PMCID: PMC6359129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) initiates an inflammatory response that promotes both beneficial and deleterious effects. The early response helps the myocardium to remove damaged tissue; however, a prolonged later response brings cardiac remodeling characterized by functional, metabolic, and structural pathological changes. Current pharmacological treatments have failed to reverse ischemic-induced cardiac damage. Therefore, our aim was to study if clofibrate treatment was capable of decreasing inflammation and apoptosis, and reverse ventricular remodeling and MI-induced functional damage. Male Wistar rats were assigned to (1) Sham coronary artery ligation (Sham) or (2) Coronary artery ligation (MI). Seven days post-MI, animals were further divided to receive vehicle (V) or clofibrate (100 mg/kg, C) for 7 days. The expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and inflammatory related molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP-2 and -9, nuclear NF-kB, and iNOS, were elevated in MI-V. These inflammatory biomarkers decreased in MI-C. Also, apoptotic proteins (Bax and pBad) were elevated in MI-V, while clofibrate augmented anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and 14-3-3ε). Clofibrate also protected MI-induced changes in ultra-structure. The ex vivo evaluation of myocardial functioning showed that left ventricular pressure and mechanical work decreased in infarcted rats; clofibrate treatment raised those parameters to control values. Echocardiogram showed that clofibrate partially reduced LV dilation. In conclusion, clofibrate decreases cardiac remodeling, decreases inflammatory molecules, and partly preserves myocardial diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Ibarra-Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - María Sánchez-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Vargas-Barrón
- Department of Haemodynamics, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Francisco J Roldán
- Department of Haemodynamics, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Natalia Pavón
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Juan C Torres-Narváez
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Luz G Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Pastelín-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No.1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Z.C., Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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196
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Pan Y, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li C, Chen X, Yang S, Liao Y, Qiu Z. The ATRQβ-001 vaccine improves cardiac function and prevents postinfarction cardiac remodeling in mice. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:329-340. [PMID: 30587854 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We invented the ATRQβ-001 hypertension vaccine, which targeted angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and showed a desirable blocking effect for AT1R. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ATRQβ-001 vaccine could improve cardiac function and prevent cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned into four groups: sham + VLP, MI + VLP, MI + ATRQβ-001, and MI + valsartan. Mice were administered Qβ virus-like particle (Qβ-VLP, 100 μg/time), ATRQβ-001 vaccine (100 μg/time), and valsartan (6 mg/kg/day) before AMI, which was induced by permanently ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The effect of the ATRQβ-001 vaccine on cardiac function and cardiac remodeling was observed by following up for 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks post MI. The ATRQβ-001 vaccine significantly reduced sudden cardiac death and increased survival rates (compared with MI + VLP, 80% versus 55% and mean estimate (days) 68.4 ± 7.0 versus 47.8 ± 8.9, respectively; p = 0.046) post MI. Echocardiography showed that the ATRQβ-001 vaccine remarkably improved cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, 24.8 ± 7.0% versus 13.2 ± 3.8%, p = 0.005) post MI. Histological analysis revealed that the ATRQβ-001 vaccine obviously mitigated myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis after AMI. Further, the ATRQβ-001 vaccine significantly inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Assessment of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) demonstrated that the ATRQβ-001 vaccine did not cause obvious feedback of circulating RAS, but prominently attenuated the expression of AT1R, compared with the other groups at 4 and 12 weeks after AMI. In conclusion, the ATRQβ-001 vaccine decreased mortality and improved cardiac function and remodeling after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zihua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongrong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shijun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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198
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Wu X, Huang Q, Xu N, Cai J, Luo D, Zhang Q, Su Z, Gao C, Liu Y. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Water Extract of Acrostichum aureum Linn. against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:3585394. [PMID: 30643529 PMCID: PMC6311278 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3585394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acrostichum aureum Linn., a medicinal pteridophyte growing in mangrove forests and coastal regions of tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, has been proved to possess various biological effects. However, the protective effect of Acrostichum aureum Linn. against gastric ulcer still remains unidentified. Therefore, the gastroprotective effect of the water extract of Acrostichum aureum Linn. (WEAC) was investigated in ethanol-induced gastric injury model. According to our results, pretreatment with WEAC (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) could dramatically decrease the ulcer areas and ameliorate the pathological damage induced by alcohol in rat's gastric tissues. In addition, WEAC administration prevented the stomach from oxidative damage via markedly increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA). Besides, WEAC pretreatment alleviated inflammatory infiltration by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as decreasing the protein expressions of phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Taken together, WEAC exerted potential therapeutic efficacy for gastric ulceration, and this may be involved in the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Saporito F, Baugh LM, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Perotti C, Sandri G, Black L, Ferrari F. In Situ Gelling Scaffolds Loaded with Platelet Growth Factors to Improve Cardiomyocyte Survival after Ischemia. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:329-338. [PMID: 33405861 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is caused by prolonged ischemia and it is one of the main cause that leads to heart failures. The aim of the present work was the development of in situ gelling systems, based on poloxamer 407 (P407) or sodium alginate (Alg), loaded with platelet lysate (PL) to enhance cardiomyocyte survival after ischemia. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan able to interact with different positively charged bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, was also investigated with both the systems. The gelation properties of both systems (viscosity, viscoelasticity, consistency by means of penetrometry, and injectability) were characterized in a physiological environment. In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility using fetal cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts) demonstrated that the PL loaded alginate/chondroitin sulfate system retained the highest number of viable cells with equal distribution of the populations of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the ability of the systems to improve cardiomyocyte survival after ischemia was also assessed. PL allowed for the highest degree of survival of cardiomyocytes after oxidative damage (simulating ischemic conditions due to MI) and both the Alg + CS PL and, to a greater extent, the PL alone demonstrated a considerable increase in survival of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, an in situ gelling alginate-chondroitin sulfate system, loaded with platelet lysate, was able to improve the survival of cardiomyocytes after oxidative damage resulting in a promising system to improve cardiac cell viability after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saporito
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lauren M Baugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lauren Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Zimmer A, Bagchi AK, Vinayak K, Bello-Klein A, Singal PK. Innate immune response in the pathogenesis of heart failure in survivors of myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H435-H445. [PMID: 30525893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00597.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the different cardiovascular disease complications, atherosclerosis-induced myocardial infarction (MI) is the major contributor of heart failure (HF) and loss of life. This review presents short- and long-term features of post-MI in human hearts and animal models. It is known that the heart does not regenerate, and thus loss of cardiac cells after an MI event is permanent. In survivors of a heart attack, multiple neurohumoral adjustments as well as simultaneous remodeling in both infarcted and noninfarcted regions of the heart help sustain pump function post-MI. In the early phase, migration of inflammatory cells to the infarcted area helps repair and remove the cell debris, while apoptosis results in the elimination of damaged cardiomyocytes, and there is an increase in the antioxidant response to protect the survived myocardium against oxidative stress (OS) injury. However, in the late phase, it appears that there is a relative increase in OS and activation of the innate inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes without any obvious inflammatory cells. In this late stage in survivors of MI, a progressive slow activation of these processes leads to apoptosis, fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and HF. Thus, this second phase of an increase in OS, innate inflammatory response, and apoptosis results in wall thinning, dilatation, and consequently HF. It is important to note that this inflammatory response appears to be innate to cardiomyocytes. Blunting of this innate immune cardiomyocyte response may offer new hope for the management of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandra Zimmer
- Labaratòrio de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departmento de Fisiologia, Institute de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ashim K Bagchi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Kartik Vinayak
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
| | - Adriane Bello-Klein
- Labaratòrio de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departmento de Fisiologia, Institute de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Pawan K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada
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