151
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Letter to the Editor regarding the article 'ER stress-related protein, CHOP, may serve as a biomarker of mechanical asphyxia: a primary study' by Hu and colleagues. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:969-970. [PMID: 35233642 PMCID: PMC9005414 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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152
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Çoku J, Booth DM, Skoda J, Pedrotty MC, Vogel J, Liu K, Vu A, Carpenter EL, Ye JC, Chen MA, Dunbar P, Scadden E, Yun TD, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Area-Gomez E, Li Y, Goldsmith KC, Reynolds CP, Hajnoczky G, Hogarty MD. Reduced ER-mitochondria connectivity promotes neuroblastoma multidrug resistance. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108272. [PMID: 35211994 PMCID: PMC9016347 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths result from progression of therapy resistant disease, yet our understanding of this phenotype is limited. Cancer therapies generate stress signals that act upon mitochondria to initiate apoptosis. Mitochondria isolated from neuroblastoma cells were exposed to tBid or Bim, death effectors activated by therapeutic stress. Multidrug‐resistant tumor cells obtained from children at relapse had markedly attenuated Bak and Bax oligomerization and cytochrome c release (surrogates for apoptotic commitment) in comparison with patient‐matched tumor cells obtained at diagnosis. Electron microscopy identified reduced ER–mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs; ER–mitochondria contacts, ERMCs) in therapy‐resistant cells, and genetically or biochemically reducing MAMs in therapy‐sensitive tumors phenocopied resistance. MAMs serve as platforms to transfer Ca2+ and bioactive lipids to mitochondria. Reduced Ca2+ transfer was found in some but not all resistant cells, and inhibiting transfer did not attenuate apoptotic signaling. In contrast, reduced ceramide synthesis and transfer was common to resistant cells and its inhibition induced stress resistance. We identify ER–mitochondria‐associated membranes as physiologic regulators of apoptosis via ceramide transfer and uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for cancer multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorida Çoku
- Cancer Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Booth
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Madison C Pedrotty
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Vogel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kangning Liu
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Annette Vu
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie C Ye
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle A Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Dunbar
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Scadden
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taekyung D Yun
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- TTUHSC Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gyorgy Hajnoczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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153
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Fernandez Rico C, Konate K, Josse E, Nargeot J, Barrère-Lemaire S, Boisguérin P. Therapeutic Peptides to Treat Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:792885. [PMID: 35252383 PMCID: PMC8891520 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.792885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rank first in worldwide mortality and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), they will stay at this rank until 2030. Prompt revascularization of the occluded artery to reperfuse the myocardium is the only recommended treatment (by angioplasty or thrombolysis) to decrease infarct size (IS). However, despite beneficial effects on ischemic lesions, reperfusion leads to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury related mainly to apoptosis. Improvement of revascularization techniques and patient care has decreased myocardial infarction (MI) mortality however heart failure (HF) morbidity is increasing, contributing to the cost-intense worldwide HF epidemic. Currently, there is no treatment for reperfusion injury despite promising results in animal models. There is now an obvious need to develop new cardioprotective strategies to decrease morbidity/mortality of CVD, which is increasing due to the aging of the population and the rising prevalence rates of diabetes and obesity. In this review, we will summarize the different therapeutic peptides developed or used focused on the treatment of myocardial IR injury (MIRI). Therapeutic peptides will be presented depending on their interacting mechanisms (apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation) reported as playing an important role in reperfusion injury following myocardial ischemia. The search and development of therapeutic peptides have become very active, with increasing numbers of candidates entering clinical trials. Their optimization and their potential application in the treatment of patients with AMI will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Fernandez Rico
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Valbonne, France
| | - Karidia Konate
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Josse
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Valbonne, France
| | - Prisca Boisguérin
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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154
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Morciano G, Rimessi A, Patergnani S, Vitto VAM, Danese A, Kahsay A, Palumbo L, Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Calcium dysregulation in heart diseases: Targeting calcium channels to achieve a correct calcium homeostasis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106119. [PMID: 35131483 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium signaling is a universal language source shared by the most part of biological entities inside cells that, all together, give rise to physiological and functional anatomical units, the organ. Although preferentially recognized as signaling between cell life and death processes, in the heart it assumes additional relevance considered the importance of calcium cycling coupled to ATP consumption in excitation-contraction coupling. The concerted action of a plethora of exchangers, channels and pumps inward and outward calcium fluxes where needed, to convert energy and electric impulses in muscle contraction. All this without realizing it, thousands of times, every day. An improper function of those proteins (i.e., variation in expression, mutations onset, dysregulated channeling, differential protein-protein interactions) being part of this signaling network triggers a short circuit with severe acute and chronic pathological consequences reported as arrhythmias, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, reperfusion injury and cardiomyopathies. By acting with chemical, peptide-based and pharmacological modulators of these players, a correction of calcium homeostasis can be achieved accompanied by an amelioration of clinical symptoms. This review will focus on all those defects in calcium homeostasis which occur in the most common cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiomyopathies. This part will be introduced by the state of the art on the proteins involved in calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes and followed by the therapeutic treatments that to date, are able to target them and to revert the pathological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, RA, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica A M Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Danese
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Asrat Kahsay
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, RA, Italy.
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155
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Cyclophilin D regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 25:100486. [PMID: 35296110 PMCID: PMC8920311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) has been proposed to play a critical role in activating cell death in many settings, including cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. Although the identity of pore forming unit of the PTP is still debated, it is generally agreed that cyclophilin D (CyPD) is a regulator of the PTP. This manuscript will focus on understanding how CyPD might regulate the PTP and how understanding CyPD might give insight about the identify and regulation of the PTP.
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156
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Wei Y, Zhao J, Xiong J, Chai J, Yang X, Wang J, Chen J, Wang J. Wogonin reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis from mitochondrial release of cytochrome c to improve doxorubicin‑induced cardiotoxicity. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:205. [PMID: 35126708 PMCID: PMC8796616 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Junhao Zhao
- The First Clinical College, Jinyun Mountain Campus of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Chai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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157
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Ca 2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:33-61. [PMID: 34978597 PMCID: PMC8721633 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as valvular or coronary artery dysfunctions. Since the impact of DM on cardiac function is rather silent and slow, early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy, known as prediabetes, are poorly recognized, and, on many occasions, cardiac illness is diagnosed only after a severe degree of dysfunction was reached. Therefore, exploration and recognition of the initial pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy are of vital importance for an on-time diagnosis and treatment of the malady. Among the complex and intricate mechanisms involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been described as pivotal early processes. In the present review, we will focus on these two processes and the molecular pathway that relates these two alterations to the earlier stages and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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158
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Rodrigues-Ferreira C, Lopes JA, Carneiro PF, Dos Santos Lessa C, Galina A, Vieyra A. Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Restore Normal Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Handling and Ca 2+-Induced Depolarization of the Internal Mitochondrial Membrane by Inhibiting the Permeability Transition Pore After Ischemia/Reperfusion. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221085883. [PMID: 35343271 PMCID: PMC8958683 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221085883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury due to ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) is a severe clinical condition with high death rates. IR affects the proximal tubule segments due to their predominantly oxidative metabolism and profoundly altered mitochondrial functions. We previously described the impact of IR on oxygen consumption, the generation of membrane potential (ΔΨ), and formation of reactive oxygen species, together with inflammatory and structural alterations. We also demonstrated the benefits of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) administration in these alterations. The objective of the present study has been to investigate the effect of IR and the influence of BMMC on the mechanisms of Ca2+ handling in mitochondria of the proximal tubule cells. IR inhibited the rapid accumulation of Ca2+ (Ca2+ green fluorescence assays) and induced the opening of the cyclosporine A-sensitive permeability transition pore (PTP), alterations prevented by BMMC. IR accelerated Ca2+-induced decrease of ΔΨ (Safranin O fluorescence assays), as evidenced by decreased requirement for Ca2+ load and t1/2 for complete depolarization. Addition of BMMC and ADP recovered the normal depolarization profile, suggesting that stabilization of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in a conformation that inhibits PTP opening offers a partial defense mechanism against IR injury. Moreover, as ANT forms a complex with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in the outer mitochondrial membrane, it is possible that this complex is also a target for IR injury—thus favoring Ca2+ release, as well as the supramolecular structure that BMMC protects. These beneficial effects are accompanied by a stimulus of the citric acid cycle—which feed the mitochondrial complexes with the electrons removed from different substrates—as the result of accentuated stimulus of citrate synthase activity by BMMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Roberto Alcântara Gomes Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jarlene Alécia Lopes
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Fonseca Carneiro
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos Lessa
- Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Translational Biomedicine, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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159
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Ivy JR, Gray GA, Holmes MC, Denvir MA, Chapman KE. Corticosteroid Receptors in Cardiac Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:109-122. [PMID: 36107315 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors play a central role in both energy metabolism and cardiomyocyte death and survival in the heart. Recent evidence suggests they may also influence cardiomyocyte endowment. Although several members of the nuclear receptor family play key roles in heart maturation (including thyroid hormone receptors) and cardiac metabolism, here, the focus will be on the corticosteroid receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The heart is an important target for the actions of corticosteroids, yet the homeostatic role of GR and MR in the healthy heart has been elusive. However, MR antagonists are important in the treatment of heart failure, a condition associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and energy failure in cardiomyocytes leading to mitochondria-initiated cardiomyocyte death (Ingwall and Weiss, Circ Res 95:135-145, 2014; Ingwall , Cardiovasc Res 81:412-419, 2009; Zhou and Tian , J Clin Invest 128:3716-3726, 2018). In contrast, animal studies suggest GR activation in cardiomyocytes has a cardioprotective role, including in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ivy
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Megan C Holmes
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin A Denvir
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen E Chapman
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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160
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Yanda MK, Tomar V, Cole R, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. The Mitochondrial Ca 2+ import complex is altered in ADPKD. Cell Calcium 2022; 101:102501. [PMID: 34823104 PMCID: PMC8840832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in either of the polycystic kidney disease genes, PKD1 or PKD2, engender the growth of cysts, altering renal function. Cystic growth is supported by major changes in cellular metabolism, some of which involve the mitochondrion, a major storage site for Ca2+ and a key organelle in cellular Ca2+ signaling. The goal here was to understand the role of components of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake complex in PC1-mutant cells in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We found that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and voltage-dependent anion channels 1& 3 (VDAC) were down-regulated in different mouse and cell models of ADPKD along with the Ca2+-dependent enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (PDHX). The release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, and Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondria were upregulated in PC1(polycystin)-null cells. We also observed an enhanced staining with MitoTracker Red CMXRos in PC1-null cultured cells than in PC1-containing cells and a substantially higher increase in response to ER Ca2+ release. Increased colocalization of the Ca2+ sensitive dye, rhodamine2, with MitoTracker Green suggested an increase Ca2+ entry into the mitochondria in PC1 null cells subsequent to Ca2+ release from the ER or from Ca2+ entry from the extracellular solution. These data clearly demonstrate abnormal release of Ca2+ by the ER and corresponding alterations in Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondria in PC1-null cells. Importantly, inhibiting mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake with the specific inhibitor Ru360 inhibited cyst growth and altered both apoptosis and cell proliferation. We further show that the decrease in mitochondrial proteins and abnormally high Ca2+ signaling can be reversed by application of the cystic fibrosis (CFTR) corrector, VX-809. We conclude that enhanced Ca2+ signaling and alterations in proteins association with the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake complex are associated with malfunction of PC1. Finally, our results identify novel therapeutic targets for treating ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Yanda
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vartika Tomar
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Cole
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William B Guggino
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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161
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Olanlokun JO, Ekundayo MT, Koorbanally NA, Olorunsogo OO. Hexane fraction of Globimetula braunii induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:769-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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162
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Tachycardiomyopathy entails a dysfunctional pattern of interrelated mitochondrial functions. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:45. [PMID: 36068416 PMCID: PMC9448689 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tachycardiomyopathy is characterised by reversible left ventricular dysfunction, provoked by rapid ventricular rate. While the knowledge of mitochondria advanced in most cardiomyopathies, mitochondrial functions await elucidation in tachycardiomyopathy. Pacemakers were implanted in 61 rabbits. Tachypacing was performed with 330 bpm for 10 days (n = 11, early left ventricular dysfunction) or with up to 380 bpm over 30 days (n = 24, tachycardiomyopathy, TCM). In n = 26, pacemakers remained inactive (SHAM). Left ventricular tissue was subjected to respirometry, metabolomics and acetylomics. Results were assessed for translational relevance using a human-based model: induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes underwent field stimulation for 7 days (TACH-iPSC-CM). TCM animals showed systolic dysfunction compared to SHAM (fractional shortening 37.8 ± 1.0% vs. 21.9 ± 1.2%, SHAM vs. TCM, p < 0.0001). Histology revealed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (cross-sectional area 393.2 ± 14.5 µm2 vs. 538.9 ± 23.8 µm2, p < 0.001) without fibrosis. Mitochondria were shifted to the intercalated discs and enlarged. Mitochondrial membrane potential remained stable in TCM. The metabolite profiles of ELVD and TCM were characterised by profound depletion of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Redox balance was shifted towards a more oxidised state (ratio of reduced to oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 10.5 ± 2.1 vs. 4.0 ± 0.8, p < 0.01). The mitochondrial acetylome remained largely unchanged. Neither TCM nor TACH-iPSC-CM showed relevantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative phosphorylation capacity of TCM decreased modestly in skinned fibres (168.9 ± 11.2 vs. 124.6 ± 11.45 pmol·O2·s-1·mg-1 tissue, p < 0.05), but it did not in isolated mitochondria. The pattern of mitochondrial dysfunctions detected in two models of tachycardiomyopathy diverges from previously published characteristic signs of other heart failure aetiologies.
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163
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Jan CR, Hao LJ, Lin RA, Chen LC, Wang JL, Chen IS, Kuo CC, Chou CT, Chien JM. Action of the natural compound gomisin a on Ca 2+ movement in human prostate cancer cells. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:151-157. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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164
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She J, Feng N, Zheng W, Zheng H, Cai P, Zou H, Yuan Y, Gu J, Liu Z, Bian J. Zearalenone Exposure Disrupts Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity through Excessive Ca 2+-Mediated Autophagy. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120875. [PMID: 34941713 PMCID: PMC8703826 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a common mycotoxin in grains and animal feeds, has been associated with male reproductive disorders. However, the potential toxicity mechanism of ZEA is not fully understood. In this study, in vivo and in vitro models were used to explore the effects of ZEA on the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and related molecular mechanisms. First, male BALB/C mice were administered ZEA orally (40 mg/kg·bw) for 5-7 d. Sperm motility, testicular morphology, and expressions of BTB junction proteins and autophagy-related proteins were evaluated. In addition, TM4 cells (mouse Sertoli cells line) were used to delineate the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of ZEA on BTB. Our results demonstrated that ZEA exposure induced severe testicular damage in histomorphology and an ultrastructural, time-dependent decrease in the expression of blood-testis barrier junction-related proteins, accompanied by an increase in the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Additionally, similar to the in vitro results, the dose-dependent treatment of ZEA increased the level of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and the levels of the autophagy markers LC3-II and p62, in conjunction with a decrease in the BTB junction proteins occludin, claudin-11, and Cx43, with the dislocation of the gap junction protein Cx43. Meanwhile, inhibition of autophagy by CQ and 3-MA or inhibition of cytoplasmic Ca2+ by BAPTA-AM was sufficient to reduce the effects of ZEA on the TM4 cell BTB. To summarize, this study emphasizes the role of Ca2+-mediated autophagy in ZEA-induced BTB destruction, which deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanism of ZEA-induced male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin She
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nannan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peirong Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.S.); (N.F.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (P.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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González-Cota AL, Santana-Calvo C, Servín-Vences R, Orta G, Balderas E. Regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial BK Ca channels. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:424-437. [PMID: 33955332 PMCID: PMC8117780 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1919463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial BKCa channel (mitoBKCa) is a splice variant of plasma membrane BKCa (Maxi-K, BKCa, Slo1, KCa1.1). While a high-resolution structure of mitoBKCa is not available yet, functional and structural studies of the plasma membrane BKCa have provided important clues on the gating of the channel by voltage and Ca2+, as well as the interaction with auxiliary subunits. To date, we know that the control of expression of mitoBKCa, targeting and voltage-sensitivity strongly depends on its association with its regulatory β1-subunit, which overall participate in the control of mitochondrial Ca2+-overload in cardiac myocytes. Moreover, novel regulatory mechanisms of mitoBKCa such as β-subunits and amyloid-β have recently been proposed. However, major basic questions including how the regulatory BKCa-β1-subunit reaches mitochondria and the mechanism through which amyloid-β impairs mitoBKCa channel function remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. González-Cota
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM. Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Carmen Santana-Calvo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência. Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universida de Nova de Lisboa. Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rocío Servín-Vences
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute. 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gerardo Orta
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM. Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Enrique Balderas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research & Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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166
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Kan S, Duan M, Liu Y, Wang C, Xie J. Role of Mitochondria in Physiology of Chondrocytes and Diseases of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cartilage 2021; 13:1102S-1121S. [PMID: 34894777 PMCID: PMC8804744 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211063858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria are recognized to be one of the most important organelles in chondrocytes for their role in triphosphate (ATP) generation through aerobic phosphorylation. Mitochondria also participate in many intracellular processes involving modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), responding to instantaneous hypoxia stress, regulating cytoplasmic transport of calcium ion, and directing mitophagy to maintain the homeostasis of individual chondrocytes. DESIGNS To summarize the specific role of mitochondria in chondrocytes, we screened related papers in PubMed database and the search strategy is ((mitochondria) AND (chondrocyte)) AND (English [Language]). The articles published in the past 5 years were included and 130 papers were studied. RESULTS In recent years, the integrity of mitochondrial structure has been regarded as a prerequisite for normal chondrocyte survival and defect in mitochondrial function has been found in cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the understanding of mitochondria in cartilage is still largely limited. The mechanism on how the changes in mitochondrial structure and function directly lead to the occurrence and development of cartilage-related diseases remains to be elusive. CONCLUSION This review aims to summarize the role of mitochondria in chondrocytes under the physiological and pathological changes from ATP generation, calcium homeostasis, redox regulation, mitophagy modulation, mitochondria biogenesis to immune response activation. The enhanced understanding of molecular mechanisms in mitochondria might offer some new cues for cartilage remodeling and pathological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- “111” Project Laboratory of
Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University,
Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,“111” Project Laboratory of
Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University,
Chongqing, China,Lab of Bone & Joint Disease, State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China,Jing Xie, Lab of Bone & Joint Disease,
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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167
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González LF, Bevilacqua LE, Naves R. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Strategies to Repair the Mitochondrial Function in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2055. [PMID: 34959337 PMCID: PMC8707316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles in eukaryotic cells that control diverse physiological processes related to energy production, calcium homeostasis, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. Several studies have demonstrated that structural and functional mitochondrial disturbances are involved in the development of different neuroinflammatory (NI) and neurodegenerative (ND) diseases (NI&NDDs) such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Remarkably, counteracting mitochondrial impairment by genetic or pharmacologic treatment ameliorates neurodegeneration and clinical disability in animal models of these diseases. Therefore, the development of nanosystems enabling the sustained and selective delivery of mitochondria-targeted drugs is a novel and effective strategy to tackle NI&NDDs. In this review, we outline the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, altered mitophagy, oxidative stress, energy deficit, and proteinopathies in NI&NDDs. In addition, we review different strategies for selective mitochondria-specific ligand targeting and discuss novel nanomaterials, nanozymes, and drug-loaded nanosystems developed to repair mitochondrial function and their therapeutic benefits protecting against oxidative stress, restoring cell energy production, preventing cell death, inhibiting protein aggregates, and improving motor and cognitive disability in cellular and animal models of different NI&NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Naves
- Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (L.F.G.); (L.E.B.)
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168
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Zheng M, Zhan C, Bai N, Bai J, Nie C, Chi J, Ding X, Liu J, Yang W. Combined Usage of Trimetazidine With 3-Bromopyruvate May Lead to Cardiotoxicity by Activating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:819-825. [PMID: 34524259 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The energy used by the heart is generated mainly by the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose. Trimetazidine (TMZ) inhibits fatty acid metabolism and is used for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure. 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) can suppress glucose metabolism, and it is considered a promising candidate agent for tumor therapy. Because TMZ and 3-BrPA can separately inhibit the 2 main cardiac energy sources, it is necessary to investigate the effects of 3-BrPA combined with TMZ on the heart. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group, a TMZ group, a 3-BrPA group, and a 3-BrPA + TMZ group. Weight was recorded every day, and echocardiography was performed 14 days later. Heart function, the levels of adenosine triphosphate, oxidative stress-related factors (ROS, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity), and apoptosis in heart tissues were assessed to evaluate the effects of 3-BrPA and TMZ on the heart. In our study, no obvious changes occurred in the 3-BrPA group or the TMZ group compared with the control group. The combination of 3-BrPA and TMZ worsened heart function, decreased adenosine triphosphate levels, and increased oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis. In conclusion, 3-BrPA and TMZ are not recommended for concurrent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Chengchuang Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Juncai Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Chaoqun Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaren Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
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169
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Qi H, Li ZC, Wang SM, Wu L, Xu F, Liu ZL, Li X, Wang JZ. Tristability in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:123108. [PMID: 34972328 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a key regulator of cell life and death processes, is triggered by calcium ions (Ca2+) and potentiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the two modes of PTP opening, i.e., transient and persistent, have been identified for a long time, its dynamical mechanism is still not fully understood. To test a proposed hypothesis that PTP opening acts as a tristable switch, which is characterized by low, medium, and high open probability, we develop a three-variable model that focused on PTP opening caused by Ca2+ and ROS. For the system reduced to two differential equations for Ca2+ and ROS, both the stability analysis and the potential landscape feature that it exhibits tristability under standard parameters. For the full system, the bifurcation analysis suggests that it can achieve tristability over a wide range of input parameters. Furthermore, parameter sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the existence of tristability is a robust property. In addition, we show how the deterministic tristable property can be understood within a stochastic framework, which also explains the PTP dynamics at the level of a single channel. Overall, this study may yield valuable insights into the intricate regulatory mechanism of PTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Li
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shi-Miao Wang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lin Wu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Long Liu
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Zeng Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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170
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Wu D, Gu Y, Zhu D. Cardioprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in attenuating myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:875. [PMID: 34726247 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is one of the major causes of cardiovascular‑related mortality worldwide. Myocardial ischemia can be attenuated by reperfusion that restores the blood supply. However, injuries occur during blood flow restoration that induce cardiac dysfunction, which is known as myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury (MIRI). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third discovered endogenous gasotransmitter in mammals (after NO and CO), participates in various pathophysiological processes. Previous in vitro and in vivo research have revealed the protective role of H2S in the cardiovascular system that render it useful in the protection of the myocardium against MIRI. The cardioprotective effects of H2S in attenuating MIRI are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yijing Gu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Deqiu Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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171
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Peggion C, Massimino ML, Bonadio RS, Lia F, Lopreiato R, Cagnin S, Calì T, Bertoli A. Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Tethering and Ca 2+ Fluxes by TDP-43 via GSK3β. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11853. [PMID: 34769284 PMCID: PMC8584823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs), tightly regulated by numerous tethering proteins that act as molecular and functional connections between the two organelles, are essential to maintain a variety of cellular functions. Such contacts are often compromised in the early stages of many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TDP-43, a nuclear protein mainly involved in RNA metabolism, has been repeatedly associated with ALS pathogenesis and other neurodegenerative diseases. Although TDP-43 neuropathological mechanisms are still unclear, the accumulation of the protein in cytoplasmic inclusions may underlie a protein loss-of-function effect. Accordingly, we investigated the impact of siRNA-mediated TDP-43 silencing on MERCs and the related cellular parameters in HeLa cells using GFP-based probes for MERCs quantification and aequorin-based probes for local Ca2+ measurements, combined with targeted protein and mRNA profiling. Our results demonstrated that TDP-43 down-regulation decreases MERCs density, thereby remarkably reducing mitochondria Ca2+ uptake after ER Ca2+ release. Thorough mRNA and protein analyses did not highlight altered expression of proteins involved in MERCs assembly or Ca2+-mediated ER-mitochondria cross-talk, nor alterations of mitochondrial density and morphology were observed by confocal microscopy. Further mechanistic inspections, however, suggested that the observed cellular alterations are correlated to increased expression/activity of GSK3β, previously associated with MERCs disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (T.C.)
| | | | - Raphael Severino Bonadio
- Department of Biology, CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Federica Lia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (T.C.)
| | - Raffaele Lopreiato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (T.C.)
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.S.B.); (S.C.)
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (T.C.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.L.); (R.L.); (T.C.)
- CNR—Neuroscience Institute, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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172
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C, Buelna-Chontal M, Silva-Palacios A. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiac-Conditioning Strategies against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1123. [PMID: 34832998 PMCID: PMC8620839 DOI: 10.3390/life11111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central target of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning cardioprotective strategies, which consist of either the application of brief intermittent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cycles or the administration of pharmacological agents. Such strategies reduce cardiac I/R injury by activating protective signaling pathways that prevent the exacerbated production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inhibit opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduce apoptosis, maintaining normal mitochondrial function. Cardioprotection also involves the activation of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes, which replace defective mitochondria or eliminate mitochondrial debris, preserving the structure and function of the network of these organelles, and consequently ensuring homeostasis and survival of cardiomyocytes. Such processes include mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial-controlled cell death. This review updates recent advances in MQC mechanisms that are activated in the protection conferred by different cardiac conditioning interventions. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial protection and turnover of these organelles will be discussed. It is concluded that modulation of MQC mechanisms and recognition of mitochondrial targets could provide a potential and selective therapeutic approach for I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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173
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Olaniyan OP, Ajayi EIO. Phytochemicals and in vitro anti-apoptotic properties of ethanol and hot water extracts of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel biogas slurry following anaerobic degradation. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Wastes emanating from cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) processing in African countries significantly contribute to environmental pollution, besides, such toxic wastes contribute to greenhouse gas emission. Although cassava peel has been successfully used as a raw material in mushroom cultivation, feedstock for livestock, biogas production but the bio-transformed products recovered from the anaerobic digestion of cassava wastes, especially the peels have often been overlooked. Therefore, this research aimed at quantifying the secondary metabolites in the slurry recovered from ethanol and hot water extraction of cassava peel subjected to biogas production, in vitro, for anti-apoptotic properties.
Methods
Fresh cassava peels were allowed to ferment anaerobically to produce three states of matter; gas, solid, and liquid/slurry. The slurry was extracted using 95 % ethanol and 100 oC hot water to obtain crude extracts, which were then subjected to anti-apoptotic screening using the mitochondrial swelling assay. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the crude extracts was done using standard methods. Further characterization of the crude extracts was done by FTIR for the chemical elucidation of the functional groups present.
Results
The qualitative phytoconstituents revealed that the slurry extracts are naturally enriched with alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and saponins. The infrared spectrum of the crude extracts revealed the presence of hydroxyl, alkane, carboxyl groups in the ethanol extract, and hydroxyl, alkene, amide, carbonyl groups in the hot water extract. In the presence and absence of exogenous Ca2+, both extracts of the slurry induced liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening albeit at low amplitude swelling as the mean absorbance was less than one (at 540 nm).
Conclusions
Based on these results obtained, the crude extracts of cassava peel biogas slurry have been proven to possess bioactive compounds that could induce liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, in vitro.
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174
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Oyebode OT, Olanlokun JO, Salami O, Obi I, Bodede O, Prinsloo G, Olorunsogo OO. Terpene-rich fractions of Ficus mucoso (Welw) modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators and aberrant permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane in murine animal model. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1733-1749. [PMID: 34613566 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ficus mucoso is traditionally used to treat bronchial infections. This study compared the efficacy of terpene-rich fractions of F. mucoso root bark on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation, liver mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), an index of mitochondrial health, and associated pathological alterations. Terpene-Rich Fractions of Dichloromethane (TRDF) and Ethylacetate Fractions of F. mucoso (TREF) were obtained according to standard procedures. To induce systemic inflammation, a single intraperitoneal injection of 1mgLPS/kgbw was given to mice. Spectrophotometric techniques were used to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of TRDF and TREF (3 days) on levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) using ELSA techniques as well as antioxidant indices in normal and LPS-treated mice. The mPT pore opening, mitochondrial ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation were monitored spectrophotometrically. Our results revealed that treatment with LPS caused significant elevation in serum cytokine levels while administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg TRDF and TREF significantly reduced elevated serum levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in LPS-challenged mice. In addition, activitities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and liver marker enzymes (ALT and AST) as well as levels of mitochondrial lipid peroxides were significantly reduced in mice treated with TRDF and TREF relative to LPS-fed mice. Furthermore, LPS caused induction of opening of the liver mPT pore which was significantly inhibited by TRDF at 100 and 200 mg/kg bw by 71% and 88%, respectively, but only at 100 mg/kg TREF. Furthermore, mitochondrial ATPase activity was inhibited largely by TRDF. UPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of terpenoid derivatives and a few aromatic metabolites in TRDF. The terpene dominance of TRDF metabolites was further justified on the 1H NMR fingerprint. Overall, TRDF is more effective as a cocktail of anti-inflammatory compounds than TREF against LPS-induced acute systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Titilope Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olamilekan Salami
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Obi
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Bodede
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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175
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Jang HS, Noh MR, Ha L, Kim J, Padanilam BJ. Proximal tubule cyclophilin D mediates kidney fibrogenesis in obstructive nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F431-F442. [PMID: 34396791 PMCID: PMC8560409 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00171.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximal tubule (PT) is highly vulnerable to acute injury, including ischemic insult and nephrotoxins, and chronic kidney injury. It has been established that PT injury is a primary cause of the development of chronic kidney disease, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. Here, we tested whether PT cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial matrix protein, is a critical factor to cause kidney fibrosis progression. To define the role of CypD in kidney fibrosis, we used an established mouse model for kidney fibrosis: the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model in global and PT-specific CypD knockout (KO). Global CypD KO blunted kidney fibrosis progression with inhibition of myofibroblast activation and fibrosis. UUO-induced tubular atrophy was suppressed in kidneys of global CypD KO but not tubular dilation or apoptotic cell death. PT cell cycle arrest was highly increased in wild-type UUO kidneys but was markedly attenuated in global CypD KO UUO kidneys. The number of macrophages and neutrophils was less in UUO kidneys of global CypD KO than those of wild-type kidneys. Proinflammatory and profibrotic factors were all inhibited in global CypD KO. In line with those of global CypD KO, PT-specific CypD KO also blunted kidney fibrosis progression, along with less tubular atrophy, renal parenchymal loss, cell cycle arrest in PT, and inflammation, indicating a critical role for PT CypD in fibrogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CypD in the PT is a critical factor contributing to kidney fibrosis in UUO, providing a new paradigm for mitochondria-targeted therapeutics of fibrotic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It has been established that renal proximal tubule (PT) injury is a primary cause of the development of chronic kidney disease, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. Here, we show that cyclophilin D, a mitochondrial matrix protein, in the PT causes kidney fibrogenesis in obstructive nephropathy. Our data suggest that targeting PT cyclophilin D could be beneficial to prevent fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ligyeom Ha
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jinu Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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176
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He Y, He G, He T. Specifically Targeted Transport of Plasma Membrane Transporters: From Potential Mechanisms for Regulating Cell Health or Disease to Applications. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100736. [PMID: 34677502 PMCID: PMC8538571 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Normal substrate transport and signal transmission are the premise to ensure the health of biological somatic cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism of intercellular substrate transport is of great significance for clinical treatment. In order to better understand the membrane protein through its interaction with receptors, to help maintain a healthy cell and the molecular mechanisms of disease, in this paper, we seek to clarify, first of all, the recognition mechanism for different types of membrane protein receptors; pathogen invasion using the transport pathway involved in the membrane; and the latest specific target sites of various kinds of membrane transport carriers; to provide an explanation and summary of the system. Secondly, the downstream receptor proteins and specific substrates of different membrane transporters were classified systematically; the functional differences of different subclasses and their relationship with intracellular transport disorders were analyzed to further explore the potential relationship between cell transport disorders and diseases. Finally, the paper summarizes the use of membrane transporter-specific targets for drug design and development from the latest research results; it points out the transporter-related results in disease treatment; the application prospects and the direction for drug development and disease treatment providing a new train of thought; also for disease-specific targeted therapy, it provides a certain reference value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Guandi He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.H.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tengbing He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.H.); (T.H.)
- Institute of New Rural Development, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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177
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Carbenoxolon Is Capable to Regulate the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Chronic Alcohol Intoxication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910249. [PMID: 34638588 PMCID: PMC8549702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: carbenoxolone, which is a derivative of glyceretic acid, is actively used in pharmacology for the treatment of diseases of various etiologies. In addition, we have shown carbenoxolone as an effective inducer of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in rat brain and liver mitochondria. Methods: in the course of this work, comparative studies were carried out on the effect of carbenoxolone on the parameters of mPTP functioning in mitochondria isolated from the liver of control and alcoholic rats. Results: within the framework of this work, it was found that carbenoxolone significantly increased its effect in the liver mitochondria of rats with chronic intoxication. In particular, this was expressed in a reduction in the lag phase, a decrease in the threshold calcium concentration required to open a pore, an acceleration of high-amplitude cyclosporin-sensitive swelling of mitochondria, as well as an increase in the effect of carbenoxolone on the level of mitochondrial membrane-bound proteins. Thus, as a result of the studies carried out, it was shown that carbenoxolone is involved in the development/modulation of alcohol tolerance and dependence in rats.
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178
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Dynamic Regulation of Cysteine Oxidation and Phosphorylation in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092388. [PMID: 34572037 PMCID: PMC8469016 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury significantly alters heart function following infarct and increases the risk of heart failure. Many studies have sought to preserve irreplaceable myocardium, termed cardioprotection, but few, if any, treatments have yielded a substantial reduction in clinical I/R injury. More research is needed to fully understand the molecular pathways that govern cardioprotection. Redox mechanisms, specifically cysteine oxidations, are acute and key regulators of molecular signaling cascades mediated by kinases. Here, we review the role of reactive oxygen species in modifying cysteine residues and how these modifications affect kinase function to impact cardioprotection. This exciting area of research may provide novel insight into mechanisms and likely lead to new treatments for I/R injury.
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179
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Bello IJ, Oyebode OT, Olanlokun JO, Omodara TO, Olorunsogo OO. Plumbagin induces testicular damage via mitochondrial-dependent cell death. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 347:109582. [PMID: 34302802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Different aspects of reproductive functions are regulated by mitochondrial-controlled events. This study investigated the effect of plumbagin (PL) on testicular mitochondria with a view to unravelling the mechanism of the antifertility potential of plumbagin in testis of healthy rats. Thirty-two male Wistar strain albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups of eight animals each. The control or healthy group received orally 0.1 % DMSO while animals in the remaining three groups received 2.5 mg PL/kg bdwt, 5.0 mg PL/kg bdwt and 10 mg PL/kg bdwt, respectively, for 14 days. In study two, twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three (3) groups and were orally administered 0.1% DMSO (control), 30 and 100 mg/kg PL, respectively once daily for 72 h. Rat testis mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation. The mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT) pore, mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase) activity and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation were assessed spectrophotometrically. Expression of apoptotic proteins (p53, Bax, Bcl-2) and the release of cytochrome c were determined by immunochemical technique. Reproductive receptors (FSH, PR), the expression of aromatase, Testis Specific Kinase-1 {TESK-1} were quantified by RT-PCR. The various doses of plumbagin (2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/kg bdwt) induced opening of the testicular mPT pore by 2, 5 and 8 folds, respectively, after 14 days of oral administration. These doses of plumbagin also caused enhancement of mATPase activity, elevated generation of mLPO as well as increases in the concentrations of caspases 9 and 3. Sperm analysis revealed that these doses of PL also caused significant decreases in sperm count and motility and increased sperm abnormalities compared to control. Interestingly, these effects were accompanied by dose-dependent expressions of the Bak, p53 and cytochrome c release. Conversely, the abundance of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein decreased relative to control. The levels of transcripts of FSH and progesterone receptors as well as TESK-1 and aromatase decreased significantly relative to control. Furthermore, PL strongly inhibited p53-MDM2 compared to control. Altogether, these findings show that plumbagin damages testicular cells through the activation of mitochondrial pathway involving the p53 protein network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Bello
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola T Oyebode
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - John O Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Todiimu O Omodara
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunso O Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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180
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Wang S, Yi X, Wu Z, Guo S, Dai W, Wang H, Shi Q, Zeng K, Guo W, Li C. CAMKK2 Defines Ferroptosis Sensitivity of Melanoma Cells by Regulating AMPK‒NRF2 Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:189-200.e8. [PMID: 34242660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer caused by the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes. Recent progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy has significantly improved the treatment outcome, but the survival of patients with advanced melanoma remains suboptimal. Ferroptosis, a cell death modality triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, reportedly participates in cancer pathogenesis and can mediate the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis remains far from being understood. In this study, we report that CAMKK2 defines the ferroptosis sensitivity of melanoma cells by regulating the AMPK‒NRF2 pathway. We first found that CAMKK2 was prominently activated in ferroptosis. Then we proved that CAMKK2 negatively regulated ferroptosis through the activation of NRF2 and the suppression of lipid peroxidation. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that AMPK connected CAMKK2 upregulation to NRF2-dependent antioxidative machinery in ferroptosis. In addition, the suppression of CAMKK2 increased the efficacy of ferroptosis inducer and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the preclinical xenograft tumor model by inhibiting the AMPK‒NRF2 pathway and promoting ferroptosis. Taken together, CAMKK2 plays a protective role in ferroptosis by activating the AMPK‒NRF2 pathway. Targeting CAMKK2 could be a potential approach to increase the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers and immunotherapy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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181
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Morciano G, Naumova N, Koprowski P, Valente S, Sardão VA, Potes Y, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Oliveira PJ. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: an evolving concept critical for cell life and death. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2489-2521. [PMID: 34155777 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current knowledge of perhaps one of the most intriguing phenomena in cell biology: the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This phenomenon, which was initially observed as a sudden loss of inner mitochondrial membrane impermeability caused by excessive calcium, has been studied for almost 50 years, and still no definitive answer has been provided regarding its mechanisms. From its initial consideration as an in vitro artifact to the current notion that the mPTP is a phenomenon with physiological and pathological implications, a long road has been travelled. We here summarize the role of mitochondria in cytosolic calcium control and the evolving concepts regarding the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) and the mPTP. We show how the evolving mPTP models and mechanisms, which involve many proposed mitochondrial protein components, have arisen from methodological advances and more complex biological models. We describe how scientific progress and methodological advances have allowed milestone discoveries on mPTP regulation and composition and its recognition as a valid target for drug development and a critical component of mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, Ravenna, 48033, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Sara Valente
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
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182
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Algieri C, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Fabbri M, Nesci S. The inhibition of gadolinium ion (Gd 3+) on the mitochondrial F 1F O-ATPase is linked to the modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:250-258. [PMID: 34126146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), which drives regulated cell death when Ca2+ concentration suddenly increases in mitochondria, was related to changes in the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase. The effects of the gadolinium cation (Gd3+), widely used for diagnosis and therapy, and reported as PTP blocker, were evaluated on the F1FO-ATPase activated by Mg2+ or Ca2+ and on the PTP. Gd3+ more effectively inhibits the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase than the Mg2+-activated F1FO-ATPase by a mixed-type inhibition on the former and by uncompetitive mechanism on the latter. Most likely Gd3+ binding to F1, is favoured by Ca2+ insertion. The maximal inactivation rates (kinact) of pseudo-first order inactivation are similar either when the F1FO-ATPase is activated by Ca2+ or by Mg2+. The half-maximal inactivator concentrations (KI) are 2.35 ± 0.35 mM and 0.72 ± 0.11 mM, respectively. The potency of a mechanism-based inhibitor (kinact/KI) also highlights a higher inhibition efficiency of Gd3+ on the Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase (0.59 ± 0.09 mM-1∙s-1) than on the Mg2+-activated F1FO-ATPase (0.13 ± 0.02 mM-1∙s-1). Consistently, the PTP is desensitized in presence of Gd3+. The Gd3+ inhibition on both the mitochondrial Ca2+-activated F1FO-ATPase and the PTP strengthens the link between the PTP and the F1FO-ATPase when activated by Ca2+ and provides insights on the biological effects of Gd3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Micaela Fabbri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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183
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Nesci S, Rubattu S. The ATP synthase glycine zipper of the c subunits: From the structural to the functional role in mitochondrial biology of cardiovascular diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119075. [PMID: 34111435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy.
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184
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Blagojevic M, Camilli G, Maxson M, Hube B, Moyes DL, Richardson JP, Naglik JR. Candidalysin triggers epithelial cellular stresses that induce necrotic death. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13371. [PMID: 34085369 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes a wide range of infections from superficial mucosal to hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. The hyphal form plays an important role in the pathogenic process by invading epithelial cells and causing tissue damage. Notably, the secretion of the hyphal toxin candidalysin is essential for both epithelial cell damage and activation of mucosal immune responses. However, the mechanism of candidalysin-induced cell death remains unclear. Here, we examined the induction of cell death by candidalysin in oral epithelial cells. Fluorescent imaging using healthy/apoptotic/necrotic cell markers revealed that candidalysin causes a rapid and marked increase in the population of necrotic rather than apoptotic cells in a concentration dependent manner. Activation of a necrosis-like pathway was confirmed since C. albicans and candidalysin failed to activate caspase-8 and -3, or the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, oral epithelial cells treated with candidalysin showed rapid production of reactive oxygen species, disruption of mitochondria activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP depletion and cytochrome c release. Collectively, these data demonstrate that oral epithelial cells respond to the secreted fungal toxin candidalysin by triggering numerous cellular stress responses that induce necrotic death. TAKE AWAYS: Candidalysin secreted from Candida albicans causes epithelial cell stress. Candidalysin induces calcium influx and oxidative stress in host cells. Candidalysin induces mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP depletion and epithelial necrosis. The toxicity of candidalysin is mediated from the epithelial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Blagojevic
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giorgio Camilli
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Maxson
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - David L Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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185
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Pedersen SF, Flinck M, Pardo LA. The Interplay between Dysregulated Ion Transport and Mitochondrial Architecture as a Dangerous Liaison in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105209. [PMID: 34069047 PMCID: PMC8156689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of ions and nutrients is a core mitochondrial function, without which there would be no mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production. Both ion homeostasis and mitochondrial phenotype undergo pervasive changes during cancer development, and both play key roles in driving the malignancy. However, the link between these events has been largely ignored. This review comprehensively summarizes and critically discusses the role of the reciprocal relationship between ion transport and mitochondria in crucial cellular functions, including metabolism, signaling, and cell fate decisions. We focus on Ca2+, H+, and K+, which play essential and highly interconnected roles in mitochondrial function and are profoundly dysregulated in cancer. We describe the transport and roles of these ions in normal mitochondria, summarize the changes occurring during cancer development, and discuss how they might impact tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine F. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (S.F.P.); (L.A.P.)
| | - Mette Flinck
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Luis A. Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.F.P.); (L.A.P.)
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186
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Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However, the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not only on the severity and type of heart failure present but also on the co-existence of common comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The failing heart faces an energy deficit, primarily because of a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. This is partly compensated for by an increase in ATP production from glycolysis. The relative contribution of the different fuels for mitochondrial ATP production also changes, including a decrease in glucose and amino acid oxidation, and an increase in ketone oxidation. The oxidation of fatty acids by the heart increases or decreases, depending on the type of heart failure. For instance, in heart failure associated with diabetes and obesity, myocardial fatty acid oxidation increases, while in heart failure associated with hypertension or ischemia, myocardial fatty acid oxidation decreases. Combined, these energy metabolic changes result in the failing heart becoming less efficient (ie, a decrease in cardiac work/O2 consumed). The alterations in both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the failing heart are due to both transcriptional changes in key enzymes involved in these metabolic pathways, as well as alterations in NAD redox state (NAD+ and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels) and metabolite signaling that contribute to posttranslational epigenetic changes in the control of expression of genes encoding energy metabolic enzymes. Alterations in the fate of glucose, beyond flux through glycolysis or glucose oxidation, also contribute to the pathology of heart failure. Of importance, pharmacological targeting of the energy metabolic pathways has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to improving cardiac efficiency, decreasing the energy deficit and improving cardiac function in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (G.D.L., Q.G.K.)
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (G.D.L., Q.G.K.)
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle (R.T.)
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (E.D.A.).,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (E.D.A.)
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187
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Memme JM, Slavin M, Moradi N, Hood DA. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Turnover during Chronic Muscle Disuse. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105179. [PMID: 34068411 PMCID: PMC8153634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periods of muscle disuse promote marked mitochondrial alterations that contribute to the impaired metabolic health and degree of atrophy in the muscle. Thus, understanding the molecular underpinnings of muscle mitochondrial decline with prolonged inactivity is of considerable interest. There are translational applications to patients subjected to limb immobilization following injury, illness-induced bed rest, neuropathies, and even microgravity. Studies in these patients, as well as on various pre-clinical rodent models have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, fission and fusion, and the corresponding mitochondrial derangements that underlie the muscle atrophy that ensues from inactivity. Defective organelles display altered respiratory function concurrent with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which exacerbate myofiber atrophy via degradative pathways. The preservation of muscle quality and function is critical for maintaining mobility throughout the lifespan, and for the prevention of inactivity-related diseases. Exercise training is effective in preserving muscle mass by promoting favourable mitochondrial adaptations that offset the mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to the declines in muscle and whole-body metabolic health. This highlights the need for further investigation of the mechanisms in which mitochondria contribute to disuse-induced atrophy, as well as the specific molecular targets that can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David A. Hood
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(416)-736-2100 (ext. 66640)
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188
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Tu H, Zhou YJ, Tang LJ, Xiong XM, Zhang XJ, Ali Sheikh MS, Zhang JJ, Luo XJ, Yuan C, Peng J. Combination of ponatinib with deferoxamine synergistically mitigates ischemic heart injury via simultaneous prevention of necroptosis and ferroptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173999. [PMID: 33675785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, ferroptosis and cyclophilin D (Cyp D)-dependent necrosis contribute to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and ponatinib, deferoxamine and cyclosporine are reported to inhibit necroptosis, ferroptosis and Cyp D-dependent necrosis, respectively. This study aims to explore whether the any two combination between ponatinib, deferoxamine and cyclosporine exerts a better cardioprotective effect on I/R injury than single medicine does. The H9c2 cells were subjected to 10 h of hypoxia (H) plus 4 h of reoxygenation (R) to establish H/R injury model. The effects of any two combination between ponatinib, deferoxamine and cyclosporine on H/R injury were examined. On this basis, a I/R injury model in rat hearts was established to focus on the effect of ponatinib, deferoxamine and their combination on myocardial I/R injury and the underlying mechanisms. In H/R-treated H9c2 cells, all three medicines can attenuate H/R injury (decrease in LDH release and necrosis percent). However, only the combination of ponatinib with deferoxamine exerted synergistic effect on reducing H/R injury, showing simultaneous suppression of necroptosis and ferroptosis. Expectedly, administration of ponatinib or deferoxamine either before or after ischemia could suppress necroptosis or ferroptosis in the I/R-treated rat hearts as they did in vitro, concomitant with a decrease in myocardial infarct size and creatine kinase release, and the combination therapy is more efficient than single medication. Based on these observations, we conclude that the combination of ponatinib with deferoxamine reduces myocardial I/R injury via simultaneous inhibition of necroptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Li-Jing Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Md Sayed Ali Sheikh
- Internal Medicine Department, Cardiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Skaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie-Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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189
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Ding R, Yin YL, Jiang LH. Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced TRPM2-Mediated Ca 2+ Signalling in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050718. [PMID: 34063677 PMCID: PMC8147627 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of blood vessels with a fundamental role as the physical barrier. While regulation of endothelial cell function by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical in physiological processes such as angiogenesis, endothelial function is a major target for interruption by oxidative stress resulting from generation of high levels of ROS in endothelial cells by various pathological factors and also release of ROS by neutrophils. TRPM2 is a ROS-sensitive Ca2+-permeable channel expressed in endothelial cells of various vascular beds. In this review, we provide an overview of the TRPM2 channel and its role in mediating ROS-induced Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cells. We discuss the TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ signaling in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis and in post-ischemic neovascularization. In particular, we examine the accumulative evidence that supports the role of TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cell dysfunction caused by various oxidative stress-inducing factors that are associated with tissue inflammation, obesity and diabetes, as well as air pollution. These findings provide new, mechanistic insights into ROS-mediated regulation of endothelial cells in physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (R.D.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (R.D.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; (R.D.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-113-3434-231
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190
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Agrawal A, Ahmad T. Editorial on the research topic "Mitochondrial calcium in cell death and disease". Mitochondrion 2021; 59:154-156. [PMID: 33892207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, CSIR Institute of Genomics &, Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 07, India.
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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191
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Strubbe-Rivera JO, Chen J, West BA, Parent KN, Wei GW, Bazil JN. Modeling the Effects of Calcium Overload on Mitochondrial Ultrastructural Remodeling. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021; 11. [PMID: 33898062 PMCID: PMC8067326 DOI: 10.3390/app11052071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae are dynamic invaginations of the inner membrane and play a key role in its metabolic capacity to produce ATP. Structural alterations caused by either genetic abnormalities or detrimental environmental factors impede mitochondrial metabolic fluxes and lead to a decrease in their ability to meet metabolic energy requirements. While some of the key proteins associated with mitochondrial cristae are known, very little is known about how the inner membrane dynamics are involved in energy metabolism. In this study, we present a computational strategy to understand how cristae are formed using a phase-based separation approach of both the inner membrane space and matrix space, which are explicitly modeled using the Cahn–Hilliard equation. We show that cristae are formed as a consequence of minimizing an energy function associated with phase interactions which are subject to geometric boundary constraints. We then extended the model to explore how the presence of calcium phosphate granules, entities that form in calcium overload conditions, exert a devastating inner membrane remodeling response that reduces the capacity for mitochondria to produce ATP. This modeling approach can be extended to include arbitrary geometrical constraints, the spatial heterogeneity of enzymes, and electrostatic effects to mechanize the impact of ultrastructural changes on energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasiel O. Strubbe-Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin A. West
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kristin N. Parent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jason N. Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
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192
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Mohsin M, Tabassum G, Ahmad S, Ali S, Ali Syed M. The role of mitophagy in pulmonary sepsis. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:63-75. [PMID: 33894359 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease with an unacceptably high mortality rate caused by an infection or trauma that involves both innate and adaptive immune systems. Inflammatory events activate different downstream pathways leading to tissue damage and ultimately multi-organ failure. Mitochondria are responsible for cellular energy, thermoregulation, metabolite biosynthesis, intracellular calcium regulation, and cell death. Damaged mitochondria induce the high Ca2+ influx through mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). It also generates excessive Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and releases mtDNA into the cytoplasm, which causes induction of NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis. Mitophagy (Autophagy of damaged mitochondria) controls mitochondrial dynamics and function. It also maintains cellular homeostasis. This review is about how pulmonary sepsis affects the body. What is the aftermath of sepsis, and how mitophagy affects Acute Lung Injury and macrophage polarisation to overcome the damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mohsin
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulnaz Tabassum
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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193
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Liang Y, Cui L, Gao J, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Zhang HL. Gut Microbial Metabolites in Parkinson's Disease: Implications of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis and Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3745-3758. [PMID: 33825149 PMCID: PMC8280023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The search for therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease (PD) is hindered by the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an area with high potential. The neurobiological signaling connections between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system are incompletely understood. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD. Gut microbial dysbiosis may contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons through mitochondrial dysfunction. The intervention of gut microbial metabolites via the microbiota-gut-brain axis may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. In this narrative review, we summarize the potential roles of gut microbial dysbiosis in PD, with emphasis on microbial metabolites and mitochondrial function. We then review the possible ways in which microbial metabolites affect the central nervous system, as well as the impact of microbial metabolites on mitochondrial dysfunction. We finally discuss the possibility of gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiguo Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shuangqing Road 83, Beijing, 100085, China.
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194
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Bcl-2 Family of Proteins in the Control of Mitochondrial Calcium Signalling: An Old Chap with New Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073730. [PMID: 33918511 PMCID: PMC8038216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are considered as one of the major regulators of apoptosis. Indeed, this family is known to control the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP): a central step in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. However, in recent years Bcl-2 family members began to emerge as a new class of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) regulators. At mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs) these proteins are able to interact with major Ca2+ transporters, thus controlling mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and downstream Ca2+ signalling pathways. Beyond the regulation of cell survival, this Bcl-2-dependent control over the mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics has far-reaching consequences on the physiology of the cell. Here, we review how the Bcl-2 family of proteins mechanistically regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and how this regulation orchestrates cell death/survival decisions as well as the non-apoptotic process of cell migration.
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195
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Sun W, Ni Z, Li R, Chang X, Li W, Yang M, Zhou Z. Flurochloridone induces Sertoli cell apoptosis through ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112183. [PMID: 33812209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flurochloridone (FLC), a selective herbicide used on a global scale, has been reported to have male reproductive toxicity which underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of FLC on Sertoli cell and explore its mechanism by using normal mouse Sertoli (TM4) cell line. Our data indicate that FLC suppressed proliferation of TM4 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further studies confirmed that FLC induced apoptosis in TM4 cells, accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, intracellular calcium increase, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decrease of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level. Meanwhile, changes of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins expression, release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were also confirmed. These results indicate that FLC induces TM4 cells apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In addition, pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), could significantly alleviate FLC-induced TM4 cells apoptosis and MMP depolarization. In conclusion, our results suggested that FLC induced TM4 cells apoptosis and it was regulated by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Sun
- School of Public Health/ MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijing Ni
- School of Public Health/ MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Li
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/ MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/ MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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196
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Chen X, Bai M, Sun S, Chen X. Outcomes and risk management in type B aortic dissection patients with acute kidney injury: a concise review. Ren Fail 2021; 43:585-596. [PMID: 33784934 PMCID: PMC8018386 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1905664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Type B aortic dissection is a rare but life-threatening disease. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was widely used for Type B aortic dissection patients in the last decade due to the lower mortality and morbidity compared with open chest surgical repair (OCSR). AKI in type B aortic dissection is a well-recognized complication and indicates poor short-term and long-term outcome. The objective of this concise review was to identify the risk factors and the impact of AKI on type B aortic dissection patients. Methods and results A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library with the search terms ‘type B aortic dissection’ and ‘acute kidney injury’ (AKI), and all English-language literatures published in print or available online from inception through August 2020 were thoroughly reviewed. Studies that reported relative AKI risks and outcomes in type B aortic dissection patient were included. Major mechanisms of AKI in type B aortic dissection included renal hypoperfusion, inflammation response, and the use of contrast medium. Type B aortic dissection patients with AKI significantly had increased hospital stay duration, need of renal replacement therapy, and 30-d and 1-year mortality. Conclusions AKI in type B aortic dissection is a well-recognized complication and associated with poor short-term and long-term outcome. Early identification of high-risk patients, early diagnosis of AKI, stabilization of the hemodynamic parameters, avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs, and optimization of the use of contrast agents are the major strategies for the reduction of AKI in type B aortic dissection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Chen
- The Nephrology Department, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ming Bai
- The Nephrology Department, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shiren Sun
- The Nephrology Department, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- The Nephrology Department, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.,Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Military Medical Postgraduate College, Beijing, PR China
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197
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Sagar S, Kapoor H, Chaudhary N, Roy SS. Cellular and mitochondrial calcium communication in obstructive lung disorders. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:184-199. [PMID: 33766748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is well known to dictate cellular functioning and fate. In recent years, the accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondria has emerged as an important factor in Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD) such as Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Various reports underline an aberrant increase in the intracellular Ca2+, leading to mitochondrial ROS generation, and further activation of the apoptotic pathway in these diseases. Mitochondria contribute to Ca2+ buffering which in turn regulates mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production. Disruption of this Ca2+ balance leads to impaired cellular processes like apoptosis or necrosis and thus contributes to the pathophysiology of airway diseases. This review highlights the key role of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling in regulating CRD, such as asthma and COPD. A better understanding of the dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in these diseases could provide cues for the development of advanced therapeutic interventions in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Sagar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Himanshi Kapoor
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Sinha Roy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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198
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Mitochondria and metabolic transitions in cardiomyocytes: lessons from development for stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:177. [PMID: 33712058 PMCID: PMC7953594 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to differentiate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) inadequately recapitulate complete development and result in PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) with an immature or fetal-like phenotype. Embryonic and fetal development are highly dynamic periods during which the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to changing nutrient, oxygen, and hormone levels until birth. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these metabolic changes initiate developmental processes to mature cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are central to these changes, responding to these metabolic changes and transitioning from small, fragmented mitochondria to large organelles capable of producing enough ATP to support the contractile function of the heart. These changes in mitochondria may not simply be a response to cardiomyocyte maturation; the metabolic signals that occur throughout development may actually be central to the maturation process in cardiomyocytes. Here, we review methods to enhance maturation of PSC-CMs and highlight evidence from development indicating the key roles that mitochondria play during cardiomyocyte maturation. We evaluate metabolic transitions that occur during development and how these affect molecular nutrient sensors, discuss how regulation of nutrient sensing pathways affect mitochondrial dynamics and function, and explore how changes in mitochondrial function can affect metabolite production, the cell cycle, and epigenetics to influence maturation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production but are also known as regulators of cell death, and mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ is a key modulator of both ATP production and cell death. Although mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux have been studied for over 50 years, it is only in the past decade that the proteins responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux have been identified. The identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) led to an explosion of studies identifying regulators of the MCU. The levels of these regulators vary in a tissue- and disease-specific manner, providing new insight into how mitochondrial Ca2+ is regulated. This review focuses on the proteins responsible for mitochondrial transport and what we have learned from mouse studies with genetic alterations in these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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200
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Roles and mechanisms of BAP1 deubiquitinase in tumor suppression. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:606-625. [PMID: 33462414 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BAP1 gene has emerged as a major tumor suppressor mutated with various frequencies in numerous human malignancies, including uveal melanoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and thymic epithelial tumors. BAP1 mutations are also observed at low frequency in other malignancies including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and bladder cancers. BAP1 germline mutations are associated with high incidence of mesothelioma, uveal melanoma, and other cancers, defining the "BAP1 cancer syndrome." Interestingly, germline BAP1 mutations constitute an important paradigm for gene-environment interactions, as loss of BAP1 predisposes to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis. Inactivating mutations of BAP1 are also identified in sporadic cancers, denoting the importance of this gene for normal tissue homeostasis and tumor suppression, although some oncogenic properties have also been attributed to BAP1. BAP1 belongs to the deubiquitinase superfamily of enzymes, which are responsible for the maturation and turnover of ubiquitin as well as the reversal of substrate ubiquitination, thus regulating ubiquitin signaling. BAP1 is predominantly nuclear and interacts with several chromatin-associated factors, assembling multi-protein complexes with mutually exclusive partners. BAP1 exerts its function through highly regulated deubiquitination of its substrates. As such, BAP1 orchestrates chromatin-associated processes including gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair. BAP1 also exerts cytoplasmic functions, notably in regulating Ca2+ signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum. This DUB is also subjected to multiple post-translational modifications, notably phosphorylation and ubiquitination, indicating that several signaling pathways tightly regulate its function. Recent progress indicated that BAP1 plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell metabolism, as well as cell survival and death. In this review, we summarize the biological and molecular functions of BAP1 and explain how the inactivation of this DUB might cause human cancers. We also highlight some of the unresolved questions and suggest potential new directions.
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