151
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Zeng Y, Li J, Guo W, Luo W, Liu X, He R, Hu Z, Duan L, Xia C, Luo D. AKR1B10 protects against UVC-induced DNA damage in breast cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:726-738. [PMID: 33913495 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to DNA damage is crucial for maintaining the integrity and stability of molecular structure. To maintain genome stability, DNA-damaged cells should be arrested so that mutations can be repaired before replication. Although several key components required for this arrest have been discovered, the majority of the pathways are still unclear. Through a number of assays, including cell viability, colony formation, and apotheosis assay, we found that AKR1B10 protected cells from UVC-induced DNA damage. Surprisingly, UVC-induced γH2AX foci and DNA double-strand breaks in the AKR1B10-overexpressing cells were ∼4-5 folds lower than those in the control group. The expression levels of AKR1B10, p53, chk1, chk2, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and p65 showed dynamic changes in response to UVC irradiation. Our results suggested that AKR1B10 is involved in the pathway of cell cycle checkpoint and NF-κB in DNA damage. Taken together, our results suggest that AKR1B10 is involved in the repair of the DNA double-strand break, which provides a new insight into the role of AKR1B10 in DNA damage repair and indicates a new trail in tumorigenesis and cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Zeng
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai 519015, China
| | - Jia Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Wangyuan Guo
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Weihao Luo
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Xiangting Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Rongzhang He
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 520150, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen 518000, China
- Center for Laboratory and Pathology, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China
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152
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Qiu S, Jiang G, Cao L, Huang J. Replication Fork Reversal and Protection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670392. [PMID: 34041245 PMCID: PMC8141627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During genome replication, replication forks often encounter obstacles that impede their progression. Arrested forks are unstable structures that can give rise to collapse and rearrange if they are not properly processed and restarted. Replication fork reversal is a critical protective mechanism in higher eukaryotic cells in response to replication stress, in which forks reverse their direction to form a Holliday junction-like structure. The reversed replication forks are protected from nuclease degradation by DNA damage repair proteins, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51. Some of these molecules work cooperatively, while others have unique functions. Once the stress is resolved, the replication forks can restart with the help of enzymes, including human RECQ1 helicase, but restart will not be considered here. Here, we review research on the key factors and mechanisms required for the remodeling and protection of stalled replication forks in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Guixing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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153
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Schwab N, Ju Y, Hazrati LN. Early onset senescence and cognitive impairment in a murine model of repeated mTBI. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:82. [PMID: 33964983 PMCID: PMC8106230 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) results in broad neurological symptoms and an increased risk of being diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease later in life. While the immediate oxidative stress response and post-mortem pathology of the injured brain has been well studied, it remains unclear how early pathogenic changes may drive persistent symptoms and confer susceptibility to neurodegeneration. In this study we have used a mouse model of repeated mTBI (rmTBI) to identify early gene expression changes at 24 h or 7 days post-injury (7 dpi). At 24 h post-injury, gene expression of rmTBI mice shows activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) towards double strand DNA breaks, altered calcium and cell–cell signalling, and inhibition of cell death pathways. By 7 dpi, rmTBI mice had a gene expression signature consistent with induction of cellular senescence, activation of neurodegenerative processes, and inhibition of the DDR. At both timepoints gliosis, microgliosis, and axonal damage were evident in the absence of any gross lesion, and by 7 dpi rmTBI also mice had elevated levels of IL1β, p21, 53BP1, DNA2, and p53, supportive of DNA damage-induced cellular senescence. These gene expression changes reflect establishment of processes usually linked to brain aging and suggests that cellular senescence occurs early and most likely prior to the accumulation of toxic proteins. These molecular changes were accompanied by spatial learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze. To conclude, we have identified DNA damage-induced cellular senescence as a repercussion of repeated mild traumatic brain injury which correlates with cognitive impairment. Pathways involved in senescence may represent viable treatment targets of post-concussive syndrome. Senescence has been proposed to promote neurodegeneration and appears as an effective target to prevent long-term complications of mTBI, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other related neurodegenerative pathologies.
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154
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Xiao G, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Xia Z, Cao H, Huang J, Cheng Q. Aging-related genes are potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with gliomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13239-13263. [PMID: 33946049 PMCID: PMC8148480 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a significant role in the proliferation and development of cancers. This study explored the expression profiles, prognostic value, and potential roles of aging-related genes in gliomas. We designed risk score and cluster models based on aging-related genes and glioma cases using LASSO Cox regression analysis, consensus clustering analysis and univariate cox regression analyses. High risk score was related to malignant clinical features and poor prognosis based on 10 datasets, 2953 cases altogether. Genetic alterations analysis revealed that high risk scores were associated with genomic aberrations of aging-related oncogenes. GSVA analysis exhibited the potential function of the aging-related genes. More immune cell infiltration was found in high-risk group cases, and glioma patients in high-risk group may be more responsive to immunotherapy. Knock-down of CTSC, an aging-related gene, can inhibit cell cycle progression, colony formation, cell proliferation and increase cell senescence in glioma cell lines in vitro. Indeed, high expression of CTSC was associated with poor prognosis in glioma cases. In conclusion, this study revealed that aging-related genes have prognostic potential for glioma patients and further identified potential mechanisms for aging-related genes in tumorigenesis and progression in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanbing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
- The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
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155
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Zhang J, Mou Y, Gong H, Chen H, Xiao H. Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor in Senescence and Age-Related Diseases. Gerontology 2021; 67:708-717. [PMID: 33940580 DOI: 10.1159/000515525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) has been known for decades as a key regulator for melanocytic differentiation, recent studies expanded its other roles in multiple biological processes. Among these newfound roles, the relationship between MITF and aging is attractive; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we review the documented cues that highlight the implication of MITF in the aging process and particularly discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the participation of MITF in cellular senescence. First, it summarizes the association of MITF with melanocytic senescence, including the roles of MITF in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, oxidative stress response, and the generation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Then, it collects the information involving MITF-related senescent changes in nonmelanocytes, such as retinal pigment epithelium cells, osteoclasts, and cardiomyocytes. This review may deepen the understanding of MITF function and be helpful to develop new strategies for improving geriatric health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Geroscience and Chronic Disease Department, The 8th Municipal Hospital for the People, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghan Chen
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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156
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Antitumor Effects of a Sesquiterpene Derivative from Marine Sponge in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050244. [PMID: 33925873 PMCID: PMC8144972 DOI: 10.3390/md19050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-proliferative effect of ilimaquinone, a sesquiterpene derivative from the marine sponge, in breast cancer cells was investigated. Ilimaquinone inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 10.6 μM and 13.5 μM, respectively. Non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cells were less sensitive to ilimaquinone than breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric and Western blot analysis showed that ilimaquinone induced S-phase arrest by modulating the expression of p-CDC-2 and p21. Ilimaquinone induces apoptosis, which is accompanied by multiple biological biomarkers, including the downregulation of Akt, ERK, and Bax, upregulation of p38, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species generation, and induced autophagy. Collectively, these findings suggest that ilimaquinone causes cell cycle arrest as well as induces apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells.
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157
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Khalifa SAM, Shedid ES, Saied EM, Jassbi AR, Jamebozorgi FH, Rateb ME, Du M, Abdel-Daim MM, Kai GY, Al-Hammady MAM, Xiao J, Guo Z, El-Seedi HR. Cyanobacteria-From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:241. [PMID: 33923369 PMCID: PMC8146687 DOI: 10.3390/md19050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eslam S. Shedid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt;
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amir Reza Jassbi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-53734, Iran; (A.R.J.); (F.H.J.)
| | - Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-53734, Iran; (A.R.J.); (F.H.J.)
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High Street, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Guo-Yin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China;
| | | | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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158
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The Keap1-Nrf2 System: A Mediator between Oxidative Stress and Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6635460. [PMID: 34012501 PMCID: PMC8106771 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6635460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a term that describes the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, leads to the disruption of redox signals and causes molecular damage. Increased oxidative stress from diverse sources has been implicated in most senescence-related diseases and in aging itself. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1- (Keap1-) nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system can be used to monitor oxidative stress; Keap1-Nrf2 is closely associated with aging and controls the transcription of multiple antioxidant enzymes. Simultaneously, Keap1-Nrf2 signaling is also modulated by a more complex regulatory network, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. This review presents more information on aging-related molecular mechanisms involving Keap1-Nrf2. Furthermore, we highlight several major signals involved in Nrf2 unbinding from Keap1, including cysteine modification of Keap1 and phosphorylation of Nrf2, PI3K/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β, sequestosome 1, Bach1, and c-Myc. Additionally, we discuss the direct interaction between Keap1-Nrf2 and the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. In summary, we focus on recent progress in research on the Keap1-Nrf2 system involving oxidative stress and aging, providing an empirical basis for the development of antiaging drugs.
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159
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Pagiatakis C, Musolino E, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Papait R. Epigenetics of aging and disease: a brief overview. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:737-745. [PMID: 31811572 PMCID: PMC8084772 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for several human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders, resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors (e.g., diet, smoking, obesity and stress), which, at molecular level, cause changes in gene expression underlying the decline of physiological function. Epigenetics, which include mechanisms regulating gene expression independently of changes to DNA sequence, regulate gene expression by modulating the structure of chromatin or by regulating the binding of transcriptional machinery to DNA. Several studies showed that an impairment of epigenetic mechanisms promotes alteration of gene expression underlying several aging-related diseases. Alteration of these mechanisms is also linked with changes of gene expression that occurs during aging processes of different tissues. In this review, we will outline the potential role of epigenetics in the onset of two age-related pathologies, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
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160
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Helbling-Leclerc A, Garcin C, Rosselli F. Beyond DNA repair and chromosome instability-Fanconi anaemia as a cellular senescence-associated syndrome. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1159-1173. [PMID: 33723374 PMCID: PMC8026967 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is the most frequent inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, due to mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in replication fork protection, DNA interstrand crosslink repair and replication rescue through inducing double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. Clinically, FA is characterised by aplastic anaemia, congenital defects and cancer predisposition. In in vitro studies, FA cells presented hallmarks defining senescent cells, including p53-p21 axis activation, altered telomere length, mitochondrial dysfunction, chromatin alterations, and a pro-inflammatory status. Senescence is a programme leading to proliferation arrest that is involved in different physiological contexts, such as embryogenesis, tissue remodelling and repair and guarantees tumour suppression activity. However, senescence can become a driving force for developmental abnormalities, aging and cancer. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge in the field to highlight the mutual relationships between FA and senescence that lead us to consider FA not only as a DNA repair and chromosome fragility syndrome but also as a "senescence syndrome".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Helbling-Leclerc
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
| | - Cécile Garcin
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
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161
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Hammerquist AM, Escorcia W, Curran SP. Maf1 regulates intracellular lipid homeostasis in response to DNA damage response activation. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1086-1093. [PMID: 33788576 PMCID: PMC8351542 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of DNA damage and maintenance of lipid metabolism are critical factors for general cellular homeostasis. We discovered that in response to DNA damage–inducing UV light exposure, intact Caenorhabditis elegans accumulate intracellular lipids in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in intracellular lipids in response to exposure to UV light utilizes mafr-1, a negative regulator of RNA polymerase III and the apical kinases atm-1 and atl-1 of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. In the absence of exposure to UV light, the genetic ablation of mafr-1 results in the activation of the DDR, including increased intracellular lipid accumulation, phosphorylation of ATM/ATR target proteins, and expression of the Bcl-2 homology region genes, egl-1 and ced-13. Taken together, our results reveal mafr-1 as a component the DDR pathway response to regulating lipid homeostasis following exposure to UV genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Hammerquist
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Wilber Escorcia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH 45207
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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162
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Watanabe K, Shibuya S, Ozawa Y, Toda T, Shimizu T. Pathological Relationship between Intracellular Superoxide Metabolism and p53 Signaling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3548. [PMID: 33805584 PMCID: PMC8037821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular superoxide dismutases (SODs) maintain tissue homeostasis via superoxide metabolism. We previously reported that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide accumulation caused by cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) or mitochondrial SOD (SOD2) insufficiency, induced p53 activation in cells. SOD1 loss also induced several age-related pathological changes associated with increased oxidative molecules in mice. To evaluate the contribution of p53 activation for SOD1 knockout (KO) (Sod1-/-) mice, we generated SOD1 and p53 KO (double-knockout (DKO)) mice. DKO fibroblasts showed increased cell viability with decreased apoptosis compared with Sod1-/- fibroblasts. In vivo experiments revealed that p53 insufficiency was not a great contributor to aging-like tissue changes but accelerated tumorigenesis in Sod1-/- mice. Furthermore, p53 loss failed to improve dilated cardiomyopathy or the survival in heart-specific SOD2 conditional KO mice. These data indicated that p53 regulated ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death and tumorigenesis but not ROS-mediated tissue degeneration in SOD-deficient models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuichi Shibuya
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Toshihiko Toda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan; (K.W.); (S.S.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan; (Y.O.); (T.T.)
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163
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Li X, Liu L, Li T, Liu M, Wang Y, Ma H, Mu N, Wang H. SIRT6 in Senescence and Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641315. [PMID: 33855020 PMCID: PMC8039379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 belongs to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and has established diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease. Its function is similar to the Silent Information Regulator 2 (SIR2), which prolongs lifespan and regulates genomic stability, telomere integrity, transcription, and DNA repair. It has been demonstrated that increasing the sirtuin level through genetic manipulation extends the lifespan of yeast, nematodes and flies. Deficiency of SIRT6 induces chronic inflammation, autophagy disorder and telomere instability. Also, these cellular processes can lead to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Herein, we discuss the implications of SIRT6 regulates multiple cellular processes in cell senescence and aging-related CVDs, and we summarize clinical application of SIRT6 agonists and possible therapeutic interventions in aging-related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Department of Cardiology, China Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manling Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Mu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Age-dependent effects of the recombinant spike protein/SARS-CoV-2 on the M-CSF- and IL-34-differentiated macrophages in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 546:97-102. [PMID: 33578295 PMCID: PMC7857081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes elevated production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers by macrophages. SARS-CoV-2 enters macrophages through its Spike-protein aided by cathepsin (Cat) B and L, which also mediate SASP production. Since M-CSF and IL-34 control macrophage differentiation, we investigated the age-dependent effects of the Spike-protein on SASP-related pro-inflammatory-cytokines and nuclear-senescence-regulatory-factors, and CatB, L and K, in mouse M-CSF- and IL-34-differentiated macrophages. The Spike-protein upregulated SASP expression in young and aged male M-CSF-macrophages. In contrast, only young and aged male IL-34-macrophages demonstrated significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in response to the Spike-protein in vitro. Furthermore, the S-protein elevated CatB expression in young male M-CSF-macrophages and young female IL-34-macrophages, whereas CatL was overexpressed in young male IL-34- and old male M-CSF-macrophages. Surprisingly, the S-protein increased CatK activity in young and aged male M-CSF-macrophages, indicating that CatK may be also involved in the COVID-19 pathology. Altogether, we demonstrated the age- and sex-dependent effects of the Spike-protein on M-CSF and IL-34-macrophages using a novel in vitro mouse model of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.
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165
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Sadoughi F, Maleki Dana P, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in osteosarcoma: Defects, regulation and therapeutic implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103105. [PMID: 33836418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents which has the survival rate of 20% in its advanced stages. Osteosarcomas are mostly resistance to our common treatments. DNA damage response (DDR) is a specialized multistep process containing abundant proteins which are necessary for the survival of any cell and organism. DDR machinery detects a diversity of DNA lesions and inhibits the cell cycle progression if these lesions are not repairable. DDR is involved in aging, age-related diseases, and cancer. In recent years, DDR inhibitors have gained the attention of researches due to their potentials in offering novel therapeutic targets and improving the response of many cancers to either chemo- or radio-therapy. In this regard, we tried to gather a great body of evidence about the role of DDR ingredients in osteosarcoma's initiation/progression, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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166
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Wang Y, Fu Z, Li X, Liang Y, Pei S, Hao S, Zhu Q, Yu T, Pei Y, Yuan J, Ye J, Fu J, Xu J, Hong J, Yang R, Hou H, Huang X, Peng C, Zheng M, Xiao Y. Cytoplasmic DNA sensing by KU complex in aged CD4 + T cell potentiates T cell activation and aging-related autoimmune inflammation. Immunity 2021; 54:632-647.e9. [PMID: 33667382 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with DNA accumulation and increased homeostatic proliferation of circulating T cells. Although these attributes are associated with aging-related autoimmunity, their direct contributions remain unclear. Conventionally, KU complex, the regulatory subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), together with the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs), mediates DNA damage repair in the nucleus. Here, we found KU complex abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm, where it recognized accumulated cytoplasmic DNA in aged human and mouse CD4+ T cells. This process enhanced T cell activation and pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in aged mice. Mechanistically, KU-mediated DNA sensing facilitated DNA-PKcs recruitment and phosphorylation of the kinase ZAK. This activated AKT and mTOR pathways, promoting CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. We developed a specific ZAK inhibitor, which dampened EAE pathology in aged mice. Overall, these findings demonstrate a KU-mediated cytoplasmic DNA-sensing pathway in CD4+ T cells that potentiates aging-related autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zunyun Fu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xutong Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Siyu Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shumeng Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingchen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yifei Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jialin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiemeng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jin Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinfang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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167
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Wei Y, Wang Z, Wei L, Li S, Qiu X, Liu C. MicroRNA-874-3p promotes testosterone-induced granulosa cell apoptosis by suppressing HDAC1-mediated p53 deacetylation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:359. [PMID: 33732332 PMCID: PMC7903439 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-874-3p is a newly identified miRNA that is involved in several pathological processes, including cancer, myocardial infarction, bone formation and erectile dysfunction. However, the role of miR-874-3p in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis is not completely understood. The present study investigated the expression profile of miR-874-3p in PCOS by reverse transcription- quantitative PCR and the GC apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis. miR-874-3p expression was significantly upregulated in GCs isolated from patients with PCOS compared with patients without PCOS. In addition, miR-874-3p expression was positively correlated with GC apoptosis and testosterone levels in both patients with PCOS and patients without PCOS. Therefore, the present study also aimed to investigate the effects of miR-874-3p on testosterone-induced GC apoptosis. Compared with vehicle-treated GCs, miR-874-3p expression levels were significantly increased in testosterone-treated GCs, which was inhibited by the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide. GCs were transfected with either the miR-874-3p mimic or a miR-874-3p inhibitor. Compared with the control group, miR-874-3p mimic significantly enhanced GC apoptosis, whereas miR-874-3p inhibitor significantly decreased GC apoptosis. Moreover, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and HDAC1 expression levels were decreased in testosterone-treated GCs compared with vehicle-treated GCs. HDAC1 overexpression significantly attenuated the proapoptotic effects of testosterone. Additionally, miR-874-3p mimic and inhibitor significantly decreased and increased HDAC1 expression levels, respectively, compared with the control group. miR-874-3p inhibitor failed to attenuate HDAC1 overexpression-induced GC apoptosis. Furthermore, compared with the control group, testosterone treatment notably increased p53 expression and acetylation. Compared with the control group, western blotting analysis showed that miR-874-3p mimic notably increased p53 expression and acetylation, whereas miR-874-3p inhibitor markedly decreased p53 expression and acetylation. However, miR-874-3p inhibitor did not further decrease p53 acetylation and expression in cell overexpressing HDAC1. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that miR-874-3p was upregulated in PCOS and promoted testosterone-induced GC apoptosis by suppressing HDAC1-mediated p53 deacetylation. Therefore, the present study improved the current understanding of the pathogenesis of PCOS and GC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Wei
- Department of Medical Heredity and Prenatal Screening, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Medical Heredity and Prenatal Screening, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Medical Heredity and Prenatal Screening, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- Department of Reproductive Center, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
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168
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Si H, Lai CQ, Liu D. Dietary Epicatechin, A Novel Anti-aging Bioactive Small Molecule. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3-18. [PMID: 31886745 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666191230104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epicatechin (EC), a flavonoid present in various foods including cocoa, dark chocolate, berries, and tea, has recently been reported to promote general health and survival of old mice fed a standard chow diet. This is considered a novel discovery in the field of identifying natural compounds to extend lifespan, given that presumably popular anti-aging natural agents including resveratrol, green tea extract, and curcumin had failed in extending the lifespan of standard chow-diet-fed mice. However, the anti-aging mechanism of EC is not fully understood, thus impeding the potential application of this natural compound in improving a healthy lifespan in humans. In this review, we first summarized the main dietary sources that contain a significant amount of EC and recent research regarding the absorption, metabolism and distribution of EC in humans and rodents. The review is then focused on the anti-aging effects of EC in cultured cells, animals and humans with the possible physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its lifespan-extending effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Si
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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169
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Di Micco R, Krizhanovsky V, Baker D, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Cellular senescence in ageing: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:75-95. [PMID: 33328614 PMCID: PMC8344376 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 290.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, first described in vitro in 1961, has become a focus for biotech companies that target it to ameliorate a variety of human conditions. Eminently characterized by a permanent proliferation arrest, cellular senescence occurs in response to endogenous and exogenous stresses, including telomere dysfunction, oncogene activation and persistent DNA damage. Cellular senescence can also be a controlled programme occurring in diverse biological processes, including embryonic development. Senescent cell extrinsic activities, broadly related to the activation of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, amplify the impact of cell-intrinsic proliferative arrest and contribute to impaired tissue regeneration, chronic age-associated diseases and organismal ageing. This Review discusses the mechanisms and modulators of cellular senescence establishment and induction of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and provides an overview of cellular senescence as an emerging opportunity to intervene through senolytic and senomorphic therapies in ageing and ageing-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Darren Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy.
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170
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Affortit C, Casas F, Ladrech S, Ceccato JC, Bourien J, Coyat C, Puel JL, Lenoir M, Wang J. Exacerbated age-related hearing loss in mice lacking the p43 mitochondrial T3 receptor. BMC Biol 2021; 19:18. [PMID: 33526032 PMCID: PMC7852282 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), also known as presbycusis, is the most common sensory impairment seen in elderly people. However, the cochlear aging process does not affect people uniformly, suggesting that both genetic and environmental (e.g., noise, ototoxic drugs) factors and their interaction may influence the onset and severity of ARHL. Considering the potential links between thyroid hormone, mitochondrial activity, and hearing, here, we probed the role of p43, a N-terminally truncated and ligand-binding form of the nuclear receptor TRα1, in hearing function and in the maintenance of hearing during aging in p43-/- mice through complementary approaches, including in vivo electrophysiological recording, ultrastructural assessments, biochemistry, and molecular biology. RESULTS We found that the p43-/- mice exhibit no obvious hearing loss in juvenile stages, but that these mice developed a premature, and more severe, ARHL resulting from the loss of cochlear sensory outer and inner hair cells and degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons. Exacerbated ARHL in p43-/- mice was associated with the early occurrence of a drastic fall of SIRT1 expression, together with an imbalance between pro-apoptotic Bax, p53 expression, and anti-apoptotic Bcl2 expression, as well as an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory process. Finally, p43-/- mice were also more vulnerable to noise-induced hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate for the first time a requirement for p43 in the maintenance of hearing during aging and highlight the need to probe the potential link between human THRA gene polymorphisms and/or mutations and accelerated age-related deafness or some adult-onset syndromic deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Affortit
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - François Casas
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme,, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Ladrech
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ceccato
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Bourien
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Carolanne Coyat
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Lenoir
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Wang
- INSERM - UMR 1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Université de Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France.
- ENT Department, CHU Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France.
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171
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Zhou D, Borsa M, Simon AK. Hallmarks and detection techniques of cellular senescence and cellular ageing in immune cells. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13316. [PMID: 33524238 PMCID: PMC7884036 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing of the global population brings about unprecedented challenges. Chronic age-related diseases in an increasing number of people represent an enormous burden for health and social care. The immune system deteriorates during ageing and contributes to many of these age-associated diseases due to its pivotal role in pathogen clearance, tissue homeostasis and maintenance. Moreover, in order to develop treatments for COVID-19, we urgently need to acquire more knowledge about the aged immune system, as older adults are disproportionally and more severely affected. Changes with age lead to impaired responses to infections, malignancies and vaccination, and are accompanied by chronic, low-degree inflammation, which together is termed immunosenescence. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie immunosenescence, termed immune cell senescence, are mostly unknown. Cellular senescence, characterised by an irreversible cell cycle arrest, is thought to be the cause of tissue and organismal ageing. Thus, better understanding of cellular senescence in immune populations at single-cell level may provide us with insight into how immune cell senescence develops over the life time of an individual. In this review, we will briefly introduce the phenotypic characterisation of aged innate and adaptive immune cells, which also contributes to overall immunosenescence, including subsets and function. Next, we will focus on the different hallmarks of cellular senescence and cellular ageing, and the detection techniques most suitable for immune cells. Applying these techniques will deepen our understanding of immune cell senescence and to discover potential druggable pathways, which can be modulated to reverse immune ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxi Zhou
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariana Borsa
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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172
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Lan Y, Dong M, Li Y, Diao Y, Chen Z, Li Y. SIRT1-induced deacetylation of Akt expedites platelet phagocytosis and delays HEMEC aging. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1323-1333. [PMID: 33717652 PMCID: PMC7920857 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the health of the endothelium is of critical importance to prevention against cell aging. The current study was performed to clarify the role of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in platelet phagocytosis in cell aging and identified its downstream molecular mechanism. Platelet phagocytosis by human endometrial microvascular endothelial cells (HEMECs) was characterized by transmission electron and fluorescence microscopy. Functional experiments were conducted to examine platelet phagocytosis and cell aging using the overexpression or knockdown plasmids of SIRT1 and G alpha-interacting, vesicle-associated protein (GIRDIN) as well as Akt inhibitor and activator. It was found that SIRT1 facilitated platelet phagocytosis by HEMECs, contributing to inhibition of cell aging. Akt activation facilitated platelet phagocytosis and repressed cell aging. GIRDIN overexpression accelerated platelet phagocytosis by HEMECs, leading to a delay in cell aging. GIRDIN phosphorylation at Ser1417 was induced by Akt activation, while activation of Akt was induced by SIRT1-mediated deacetylation, consequently augmenting platelet phagocytosis and delaying cell aging. Taken together, SIRT1 delayed aging of HEMECs by deacetylating Akt, phosphorylating GIRDIN, and inducing platelet phagocytosis. The study highlights a possible target for the prevention of HEMEC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Cardiology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yongpeng Diao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zuoguang Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yangfang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
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173
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Rottenberg H, Hoek JB. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Nexus of Aging, Disease and Longevity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010079. [PMID: 33418876 PMCID: PMC7825081 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP, a highly regulated multi-component mega-channel, is enhanced in aging and in aging-driven degenerative diseases. mPTP activity accelerates aging by releasing large amounts of cell-damaging reactive oxygen species, Ca2+ and NAD+. The various pathways that control the channel activity, directly or indirectly, can therefore either inhibit or accelerate aging or retard or enhance the progression of aging-driven degenerative diseases and determine lifespan and healthspan. Autophagy, a catabolic process that removes and digests damaged proteins and organelles, protects the cell against aging and disease. However, the protective effect of autophagy depends on mTORC2/SKG1 inhibition of mPTP. Autophagy is inhibited in aging cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy, which retards aging by removing mitochondrial fragments with activated mPTP, is also inhibited in aging cells, and this inhibition leads to increased mPTP activation, which is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The increased activity of mPTP in aging turns autophagy/mitophagy into a destructive process leading to cell aging and death. Several drugs and lifestyle modifications that enhance healthspan and lifespan enhance autophagy and inhibit the activation of mPTP. Therefore, elucidating the intricate connections between pathways that activate and inhibit mPTP, in the context of aging and degenerative diseases, could enhance the discovery of new drugs and lifestyle modifications that slow aging and degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Rottenberg
- New Hope Biomedical R&D, 23 W. Bridge street, New Hope, PA 18938, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-267-614-5588
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- MitoCare Center, Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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174
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Damiani AP, Strapazzon G, de Oliveira Sardinha TT, Rohr P, Gajski G, de Pinho RA, de Andrade VM. Melatonin supplementation over different time periods until ageing modulates genotoxic parameters in mice. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:465-478. [PMID: 32720686 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a multifactorial phenomenon, associated with decreased physiological and cellular functions and an increased propensity for various degenerative diseases. Studies on melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a potent antioxidant, are gaining attention since melatonin production declines with advancing age. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic melatonin consumption on genotoxic and mutagenic parameters of old Swiss mice. Herein, 3-month-old Swiss albino male mice (n = 240) were divided into eight groups and subdivided into two experiments: first (three groups): natural ageing experiment; second (five groups): animals that started water or melatonin supplementation at different ages (3, 6, 12 and 18 months) until 21 months. After 21 months, the animals from the second experiment were euthanized to perform the comet assay, micronucleus test and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that melatonin prolonged the life span of the animals. Relative to genomic instability, melatonin was effective in reducing DNA damage caused by ageing, presenting antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activities, independently of initiation age. The group receiving melatonin for 18 months had high levels of APE1 and OGG1 repair enzymes. Conclusively, melatonin presents an efficient antioxidant mechanism aiding modulating genetic and physiological alterations due to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriani Paganini Damiani
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Giulia Strapazzon
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Thanielly Thais de Oliveira Sardinha
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Rohr
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatia
| | - Ricardo Aurino de Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, R. Imac. Conceição - Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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175
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Biological characteristics of aging in human acute myeloid leukemia cells: the possible importance of aldehyde dehydrogenase, the cytoskeleton and altered transcriptional regulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24734-24777. [PMID: 33349623 PMCID: PMC7803495 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a median age of 65-70 years at diagnosis. Elderly patients have more chemoresistant disease, and this is partly due to decreased frequencies of favorable and increased frequencies of adverse genetic abnormalities. However, aging-dependent differences may also contribute. We therefore compared AML cell proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles for (i) elderly low-risk and younger low-risk patients with favorable genetic abnormalities; and (ii) high-risk patients with adverse genetic abnormalities and a higher median age against all low-risk patients with lower median age. Elderly low-risk and younger low-risk patients showed mainly phosphoproteomic differences especially involving transcriptional regulators and cytoskeleton. When comparing high-risk and low-risk patients both proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies showed differences involving cytoskeleton and immunoregulation but also transcriptional regulation and cell division. The age-associated prognostic impact of cyclin-dependent kinases was dependent on the cellular context. The protein level of the adverse prognostic biomarker mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) showed a similar significant upregulation both in elderly low-risk and elderly high-risk patients. Our results suggest that molecular mechanisms associated with cellular aging influence chemoresistance of AML cells, and especially the cytoskeleton function may then influence cellular hallmarks of aging, e.g. mitosis, polarity, intracellular transport and adhesion.
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176
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Al-Masawa ME, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS, Chua KH. Biosafety evaluation of culture-expanded human chondrocytes with growth factor cocktail: a preclinical study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21583. [PMID: 33299022 PMCID: PMC7725787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of chondrocytes is a major challenge for cartilage tissue engineering. Monolayer expansion is necessary to amplify the limited number of chondrocytes needed for clinical application. Growth factors are often added to improve monolayer culture conditions, promoting proliferation, and enhancing chondrogenesis. Limited knowledge on the biosafety of the cell products manipulated with growth factors in culture has driven this study to evaluate the impact of growth factor cocktail supplements in chondrocyte culture medium on chondrocyte genetic stability and tumorigenicity. The growth factors were basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), transforming growth factor β2 (TGF β2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS), and platelet-derived growth factor (PD-GF). Nasal septal chondrocytes cultured in growth factor cocktail exhibited a significantly high proliferative capacity. Comet assay revealed no significant DNA damage. Flow cytometry showed chondrocytes were mostly at G0-G1 phase, exhibiting normal cell cycle profile with no aneuploidy. We observed a decreased tumour suppressor genes’ expression (p53, p21, pRB) and no TP53 mutations or tumour formation after 6 months of implantation in nude mice. Our data suggest growth factor cocktail has a low risk of inducing genotoxic and tumorigenic effects on chondrocytes up to passage 6 with 16.6 population doublings. This preclinical tumorigenicity and genetic instability evaluation is crucial for further clinical works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimonah-Eissa Al-Masawa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Kien-Hui Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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177
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Gebel J, Tuppi M, Sänger N, Schumacher B, Dötsch V. DNA Damaged Induced Cell Death in Oocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235714. [PMID: 33287328 PMCID: PMC7730327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of haploid gametes through meiosis is central to the principle of sexual reproduction. The genetic diversity is further enhanced by exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes by the crossover mechanism. This mechanism not only requires correct pairing of homologous chromosomes but also efficient repair of the induced DNA double-strand breaks. Oocytes have evolved a unique quality control system that eliminates cells if chromosomes do not correctly align or if DNA repair is not possible. Central to this monitoring system that is conserved from nematodes and fruit fly to humans is the p53 protein family, and in vertebrates in particular p63. In mammals, oocytes are stored for a long time in the prophase of meiosis I which, in humans, can last more than 50 years. During the entire time of this arrest phase, the DNA damage checkpoint remains active. The treatment of female cancer patients with DNA damaging irradiation or chemotherapeutics activates this checkpoint and results in elimination of the oocyte pool causing premature menopause and infertility. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of this quality control system and discuss potential therapeutic intervention for the preservation of the oocyte pool during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Marcel Tuppi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicole Sänger
- Department for Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53217 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (J.G.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-798-29631
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178
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Broxmeyer HE, Liu Y, Kapur R, Orschell CM, Aljoufi A, Ropa JP, Trinh T, Burns S, Capitano ML. Fate of Hematopoiesis During Aging. What Do We Really Know, and What are its Implications? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1020-1048. [PMID: 33145673 PMCID: PMC7609374 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing shift in demographics such that older persons will outnumber young persons in the coming years, and with it age-associated tissue attrition and increased diseases and disorders. There has been increased information on the association of the aging process with dysregulation of hematopoietic stem (HSC) and progenitor (HPC) cells, and hematopoiesis. This review provides an extensive up-to date summary on the literature of aged hematopoiesis and HSCs placed in context of potential artifacts of the collection and processing procedure, that may not be totally representative of the status of HSCs in their in vivo bone marrow microenvironment, and what the implications of this are for understanding aged hematopoiesis. This review covers a number of interactive areas, many of which have not been adequately explored. There are still many unknowns and mechanistic insights to be elucidated to better understand effects of aging on the hematopoietic system, efforts that will take multidisciplinary approaches, and that could lead to means to ameliorate at least some of the dysregulation of HSCs and HPCs associated with the aging process. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arafat Aljoufi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - James P Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Sarah Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA.
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179
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Luo T, Yu Q, Dong W, Gong Z, Tan Y, Liu W, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Bian J, Shao C, Zhu J, Liu Z. Effect of cell cycle synchronization on cadmium-induced apoptosis and necrosis in NRK-52E cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3386-3397. [PMID: 33222613 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1848065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a problem that cannot be ignored. Due to the prevalence of cadmium in the environment and its harmful effects on humans, cadmium pollution has become a research hotspot recently. The mechanism of cadmium-induced toxicity has also drawn much attention and most studies have been conducted using whole cells, but the toxicological mechanism of cadmium remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to obtain NRK-52E cells at different growth stages by various methods and analyze the differences in cadmium toxicity. The results show that the cadmium sensitivity of cells in each phase was different and the late apoptotic rate was increased significantly after 5 µM Cd treatment. In addition, cadmium easily induces apoptosis of G0- and S-phase cells, as well as necrosis of S- and M-phase cells, but has no significant effect on G1-phase cells. Overall, we first explored the differences in the effects of cadmium on NRK-52E cells at various growth phases. Besides, the findings of this study might provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the toxicological mechanism of cadmium.Abbreviations Cd: cadmium; CDK: cyclin-dependent kinases; DAPI 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxamidine; TBST: Tris-buffered saline with Tween-20; PI: propidium iodide; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; BCA: bicinchoninic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhonggui Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, P.R. China
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180
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Sill H, Zebisch A, Haase D. Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes with TP53 Aberrations - A Distinct Stem Cell Disorder. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5304-5309. [PMID: 32816950 PMCID: PMC7116522 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 exerts pivotal roles in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. Mutations of the TP53 gene have recently been described in individuals with clonal hematopoiesis conferring substantial risk of developing blood cancers. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), TP53 aberrations-mutations, deletions, and a combination thereof-are encountered at a constant frequency of approximately 10%. These aberrations affect HSCs transforming them into preleukemic stem cells, pinpointing their central role in leukemogenesis. AML and MDS with TP53 aberrations are characterized by complex chromosomal aberrations. Respective patients experience a dismal long-term outcome following treatment with both intensive and nonintensive regimens including novel agents like venetoclax combinations or even allogeneic HSC transplantation. However, according to the 2016 WHO classification, AML and MDS with TP53 aberrations are still regarded as separate disease entities. On the basis of their common biological and clinical features, we propose to classify AML and MDS with TP53 aberrations as a single, distinct stem cell disorder with a unique genetic make-up, comparable with the WHO classification of "AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities." This approach will have implications for basic and translational research endeavors, aid in harmonization of current treatment strategies, and facilitate the development of master trials targeting a common deleterious driver event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Otto-Loewi-Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Detlef Haase
- Clinics of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
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181
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Zhu M, Meng P, Ling X, Zhou L. Advancements in therapeutic drugs targeting of senescence. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320964125. [PMID: 33133476 PMCID: PMC7576933 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320964125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a high burden on society, both medically and economically. Cellular senescence plays an essential role in the initiation of aging and age-related diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic value of senescent cell deletion in natural aging and many age-related disorders. However, the therapeutic strategies for manipulating cellular senescence are still at an early stage of development. Among these strategies, therapeutic drugs that target cellular senescence are arguably the most highly anticipated. Many recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of drugs exhibit healthy aging effects. In this review, we summarize different types of drugs promoting healthy aging – such as senolytics, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inhibitors, and nutrient signaling regulators – and provide an update on their potential therapeutic merits. Taken together, our review synthesizes recent advancements in the therapeutic potentialities of drugs promoting healthy aging with regard to their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou 510515, China
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182
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Xia C, Tao Y, Li M, Che T, Qu J. Protein acetylation and deacetylation: An important regulatory modification in gene transcription (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2923-2940. [PMID: 32855658 PMCID: PMC7444376 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells primarily rely on proteins to perform the majority of their physiological functions, and the function of proteins is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The acetylation of proteins is a dynamic and highly specific PTM, which has an important influence on the functions of proteins, such as gene transcription and signal transduction. The acetylation of proteins is primarily dependent on lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases. In recent years, due to the widespread use of mass spectrometry and the emergence of new technologies, such as protein chips, studies on protein acetylation have been further developed. Compared with histone acetylation, acetylation of non-histone proteins has gradually become the focus of research due to its important regulatory mechanisms and wide range of applications. The discovery of specific protein acetylation sites using bioinformatic tools can greatly aid the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of protein acetylation involved in related physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Mingshan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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183
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Báez-Becerra CT, Valencia-Rincón E, Velásquez-Méndez K, Ramírez-Suárez NJ, Guevara C, Sandoval-Hernandez A, Arboleda-Bustos CE, Olivos-Cisneros L, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Arboleda H, Arboleda G. Nucleolar disruption, activation of P53 and premature senescence in POLR3A-mutated Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome fibroblasts. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111360. [PMID: 32976914 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mutations in the RNA polymerase III subunit A (POLR3A) have been described as the cause of the neonatal progeria or Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (WRS). POLR3A has important roles in transcription regulation of small RNAs, including tRNA, 5S rRNA, and 7SK rRNA. We aim to describe the cellular and molecular features of WRS fibroblasts. Cultures of primary fibroblasts from one WRS patient [monoallelic POLR3A variant c.3772_3773delCT (p.Leu1258Glyfs*12)] and one control patient were cultured in vitro. The mutation caused a decrease in the expression of wildtype POLR3A mRNA and POLR3A protein and a sharp increase in mutant protein expression. In addition, there was an increase in the nuclear localization of the mutant protein. These changes were associated with an increase in the number and area of nucleoli and to a high increase in the expression of pP53 and pH2AX. All these changes were associated with premature senescence. The present observations add to our understanding of the differences between Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and WRS and opens new alternatives to study cell senesce and human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Tatiana Báez-Becerra
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Estefania Valencia-Rincón
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karen Velásquez-Méndez
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nelson J Ramírez-Suárez
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Guevara
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adrian Sandoval-Hernandez
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos E Arboleda-Bustos
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonora Olivos-Cisneros
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Humberto Arboleda
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Arboleda
- Grupo de Neurociencias y Muerte Celular, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
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184
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Tsuchida M, Yokosawa T, Noguchi T, Shimada T, Yamada M, Sekiguchi Y, Hirata Y, Matsuzawa A. Pro-apoptotic functions of TRAF2 in p53-mediated apoptosis induced by cisplatin. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:219-226. [PMID: 32238696 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is an essential component of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling that regulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, and compelling evidence has demonstrated that TRAF2 suppresses TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity. On the other hand, it has been reported that oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity is potentiated by TRAF2, indicating that TRAF2 both positively and negatively regulates stress-induced cytotoxicity in a context-specific manner. However, the causal role of TRAF2 in DNA damage response (DDR) remains to be explored. In this study, we assessed the function of TRAF2 in DDR induced by cisplatin, a representative DNA-damaging agent, and found that TRAF2 exerts pro-apoptotic activity through p53-dependent mechanisms at least in human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. TRAF2 deficient cells exhibit significant resistance to cell death induced by cisplatin, accompanied by the reduction of both p53 protein level and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, cisplatin-induced JNK activation was attenuated in TRAF2-deficient cells, and pharmacological inhibition of JNK signaling suppressed p53 stabilization. These results suggest that TRAF2 promotes p53-dependent apoptosis by activating the JNK signaling cascade in HT1080 cells. Thus, our data demonstrate a novel function of TRAF2 in cisplatin-induced DDR as a pro-apoptotic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tsuchida
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Takumi Yokosawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Tatsuya Shimada
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Mayuka Yamada
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yuto Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yusuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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185
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Thadathil N, Delotterie DF, Xiao J, Hori R, McDonald MP, Khan MM. DNA Double-Strand Break Accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Experimental Models and Postmortem Human Brains. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:118-131. [PMID: 32895786 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that accounts for a majority of dementia cases. AD is characterized by progressive neuronal death associated with neuropathological lesions consisting of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. While the pathogenesis of AD has been widely investigated, significant gaps in our knowledge remain about the cellular and molecular mechanisms promoting AD. Recent studies have highlighted the role of DNA damage, particularly DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), in the progression of neuronal loss in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that accumulation of DNA DSB plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. To test our hypothesis, we examined DNA DSB expression and DNA repair function in the hippocampus of human AD and non-AD brains by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and RT-qPCR. We observed increased DNA DSB accumulation and reduced DNA repair function in the hippocampus of AD brains compared to the non-AD control brains. Next, we found significantly increased levels of DNA DSB and altered levels of DNA repair proteins in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice compared to non-transgenic mice. Interestingly, increased accumulation of DNA DSBs and altered DNA repair proteins were also observed in cellular models of AD. These findings provided compelling evidence that AD is associated with accumulation of DNA DSB and/or alteration in DSB repair proteins which may influence an important early part of the pathway toward neural damage and memory loss in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - David F Delotterie
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Roderick Hori
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael P McDonald
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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186
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Wati SM, Matsumaru D, Motohashi H. NRF2 pathway activation by KEAP1 inhibition attenuates the manifestation of aging phenotypes in salivary glands. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101603. [PMID: 32590331 PMCID: PMC7322188 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva plays an essential role in the maintenance of oral health. The oral cavity environment changes during aging mainly due to alterations in the secretion and composition of saliva. In particular, unstimulated basal salivary flow decreases with age. The functional decline of the salivary glands impairs chewing and swallowing abilities and often becomes one of the predispositions for aging-related disorders, including aspiration pneumonia. The KEAP1-NRF2 system plays a central role in the regulation of the oxidative stress response. NRF2 is a transcription factor that coordinately regulates cytoprotective genes, and KEAP1 is a negative regulator of NRF2. Although NRF2 activation has been suggested to be advantageous for the prevention of aging-related diseases, its role in the course of physiological aging is not well understood. To investigate the impact of NRF2 activation on salivary gland aging, we compared the submandibular glands of Keap1-knockdown (KD) (Keap1FA/FA) mice in which NRF2 is activated with those of wild-type mice. Young mice did not show any apparent differences between the two genotypes, whereas in old mice, clear differences were observed. Aged wild-type submandibular glands exhibited iron and collagen depositions, immune cell infiltration and increased DNA damage and apoptosis accompanied by elevated oxidative stress, which were all markedly attenuated in Keap1-KD mice, suggesting that NRF2 activation has antiaging effects on salivary glands. We propose that appropriate activation of NRF2 is effective for the maintenance of healthy salivary gland conditions and for the prevention of hyposalivation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisca Meida Wati
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumaru
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan.
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187
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Xu C, Huang X, Tong Y, Feng X, Wang Y, Wang C, Jiang Y. Icariin modulates the sirtuin/NF‑κB pathway and exerts anti‑aging effects in human lung fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3833-3839. [PMID: 33000191 PMCID: PMC7533484 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) has been used as a promising anti‑aging drug; however, its underlying molecular mechanism is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the anti‑aging molecular mechanisms of ICA. D‑galactose (D‑gal) was used to generate a cell aging model. IMR‑90 human lung fibroblasts were pretreated with different concentrations of ICA (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µmol/l) for 6 h and subsequently incubated with D‑gal (200 mmol/l) at 37˚C for 72 h. Senescence of IMR‑90 cells was assessed by senescence‑associated‑β‑galactosidase (SA‑β‑Gal) staining assay. Cell viability, and the expression levels of p53/p21, sirtuin (SIRT) 1/6 and p50/p65 were determined via the MTT assay and western blotting respectively. The results demonstrated that D‑gal notably increased the proportion of SA‑β‑Gal‑positive cells and decreased the viability of IMR‑90 cells; however, pretreatment with ICA reversed the effects of D‑gal on IMR‑90 cells in a concentration‑dependent manner. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that the activation of p53/p21 and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling, and downregulation of SIRT1/6 may be involved in IMR‑90 cells, in D‑gal‑induced aging and ICA may effectively prevent IMR‑90 cells from these changes induced by D‑gal. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that the anti‑aging molecular mechanisms of ICA may be associated with the regulation of the SIRT1/NF‑κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xu
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Xuqing Huang
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yueyang Tong
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Cancan Wang
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yuyue Jiang
- Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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188
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You J, Dong R, Ying M, He Q, Cao J, Yang B. Cellular Senescence and Anti-Cancer Therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:705-715. [PMID: 30556499 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181217100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular senescence is generally understood as a permanent cell cycle arrest stemming from different causes. The mechanism of cellular senescence-induced cell cycle arrest is complex, involving interactions between telomere shortening, inflammations and cellular stresses. In recent years, a growing number of studies have revealed that cellular senescence could mediate the cancer progression of neighboring cells, but this idea is controversial and contradictory evidence argues that cellular senescence also contributes to tumor suppression. OBJECTIVE Given that the complicated role of senescence in various physiological and pathological scenarios, we try to clarify the precise contribution role of cellular senescence to tumor progression. METHODS Search for the information in a large array of relevant articles to support our opinion. RESULTS We discuss the relatively widespread occurrence of cellular senescence in cancer treatment and identify the positive and negative side of senescence contributed to tumor progression. CONCLUSION We argue that the availability of pro-senescence therapy could represent as a promising regimen for managing cancer disease, particularly with regard to the poor clinical outcome obtained with other anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong You
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rong Dong
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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189
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Novel use for old drugs: The emerging role of artemisinin and its derivatives in fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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190
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Good Cop, Bad Cop: Defining the Roles of Δ40p53 in Cancer and Aging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061659. [PMID: 32585821 PMCID: PMC7352174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is essential for maintaining DNA integrity, and plays a major role in cellular senescence and aging. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to p53 dysfunction can uncover novel possibilities for improving cancer therapies and diagnosis, as well as cognitive decline associated with aging. In recent years, the complexity of p53 signalling has become increasingly apparent owing to the discovery of the p53 isoforms. These isoforms play important roles in regulating cell growth and turnover in response to different stressors, depending on the cellular context. In this review, we focus on Δ40p53, an N-terminally truncated p53 isoform. Δ40p53 can alter p53 target gene expression in both a positive and negative manner, modulating the biological outcome of p53 activation; it also functions independently of p53. Therefore, proper control of the Δ40p53: p53 ratio is essential for normal cell growth, aging, and responses to cancer therapy. Defining the contexts and the mechanisms by which Δ40p53 behaves as a "good cop or bad cop" is critical if we are to target this isoform therapeutically.
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191
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Huang RX, Zhou PK. DNA damage response signaling pathways and targets for radiotherapy sensitization in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:60. [PMID: 32355263 PMCID: PMC7192953 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most common countermeasures for treating a wide range of tumors. However, the radioresistance of cancer cells is still a major limitation for radiotherapy applications. Efforts are continuously ongoing to explore sensitizing targets and develop radiosensitizers for improving the outcomes of radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks are the most lethal lesions induced by ionizing radiation and can trigger a series of cellular DNA damage responses (DDRs), including those helping cells recover from radiation injuries, such as the activation of DNA damage sensing and early transduction pathways, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. Obviously, these protective DDRs confer tumor radioresistance. Targeting DDR signaling pathways has become an attractive strategy for overcoming tumor radioresistance, and some important advances and breakthroughs have already been achieved in recent years. On the basis of comprehensively reviewing the DDR signal pathways, we provide an update on the novel and promising druggable targets emerging from DDR pathways that can be exploited for radiosensitization. We further discuss recent advances identified from preclinical studies, current clinical trials, and clinical application of chemical inhibitors targeting key DDR proteins, including DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit), ATM/ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related), the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex, the PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase) family, MDC1, Wee1, LIG4 (ligase IV), CDK1, BRCA1 (BRCA1 C terminal), CHK1, and HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1). Challenges for ionizing radiation-induced signal transduction and targeted therapy are also discussed based on recent achievements in the biological field of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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192
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Sasik MUT, Eravsar ETK, Kinali M, Ergul AA, Adams MM. Expression Levels of SMAD Specific E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 2 (Smurf2) and its Interacting Partners Show Region-specific Alterations During Brain Aging. Neuroscience 2020; 436:46-73. [PMID: 32278060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging occurs due to a combination of several factors, such as telomere attrition, cellular senescence, and stem cell exhaustion. The telomere attrition-dependent cellular senescence is regulated by increased levels of SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (smurf2). With age smurf2 expression increases and Smurf2 protein interacts with several regulatory proteins including, Smad7, Ep300, Yy1, Sirt1, Mdm2, and Tp53, likely affecting its function related to cellular aging. The current study aimed at analyzing smurf2 expression in the aged brain because of its potential regulatory roles in the cellular aging process. Zebrafish were used because like humans they age gradually and their genome has 70% similarity. In the current study, we demonstrated that smurf2 gene and protein expression levels altered in a region-specific manner during the aging process. Also, in both young and old brains, Smurf2 protein was enriched in the cytosol. These results imply that during aging Smurf2 is regulated by several mechanisms including post-translational modifications (PTMs) and complex formation. Also, the expression levels of its interacting partners defined by the STRING database, tp53, mdm2, ep300a, yy1a, smad7, and sirt1, were analyzed. Multivariate analysis indicated that smurf2, ep300a, and sirt1, whose proteins regulate ubiquitination, acetylation, and deacetylation of target proteins including Smad7 and Tp53, showed age- and brain region-dependent patterns. Our data suggest a likely balance between Smurf2- and Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination, and Ep300a-mediated acetylation/Sirt1-mediated deacetylation, which most possibly affects the functionality of other interacting partners in regulating cellular and synaptic aging and ultimately cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Umay Tuz- Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu- Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Meric Kinali
- Graduate School of Informatics, Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayca Arslan- Ergul
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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193
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Sun X, Jiang X, Wu J, Ma R, Wu Y, Cao H, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Feng J, Wang T. IRX5 prompts genomic instability in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4680-4689. [PMID: 32162364 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Iroquois homeobox gene 5 (IRX5), one of the members of the Iroquois homeobox family, has been identified to correlate with worse prognosis in many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, upregulation of IRX5 revealed a great reduction in the proliferation of CRC colorectal cancer cell line SW480 and DLD-1, which was accompanied by G1/S arrest, increased expression in cyclin E1, P21, and P53 and a decrease in cyclin A2, B1, and D1. Furthermore, IRX5-mediated an increase expression of RH2A protein, the biomarker of DNA damage. Consequently, the SA-β-gal level is higher in IRX5-overexpression cells compared to control ones, which showed elevated DNA damage triggered cellular senescence. Recapitulating the above findings, IRX5 exhibited higher levels of genomic instability. IRX5 may be a perspective target for cancer therapy and it deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinying Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Ma
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixia Cao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Wu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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194
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Neri S, Borzì RM. Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Aging. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E340. [PMID: 32098040 PMCID: PMC7072652 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. Beside the fundamental in vivo role of MSCs, they have also emerged in the last years as extremely promising therapeutic agents for a wide variety of clinical conditions. MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. Aging of MSCs (both in vivo and in vitro) can affect not only their replicative potential, but also their properties, like immunomodulation and secretory profile, thus possibly compromising their therapeutic effect. It is therefore of critical importance to unveil the underlying mechanisms of MSC senescence and to define shared methods to assess MSC aging status. The present review will focus on current scientific knowledge about MSC aging mechanisms, control and effects, including possible anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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195
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Mazini L, Rochette L, Admou B, Amal S, Malka G. Hopes and Limits of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1306. [PMID: 32075181 PMCID: PMC7072889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells identified within subcutaneous tissue at the base of the hair follicle (dermal papilla cells), in the dermal sheets (dermal sheet cells), in interfollicular dermis, and in the hypodermis tissue. These cells are expected to play a major role in regulating skin regeneration and aging-associated morphologic disgraces and structural deficits. ADSCs are known to proliferate and differentiate into skin cells to repair damaged or dead cells, but also act by an autocrine and paracrine pathway to activate cell regeneration and the healing process. During wound healing, ADSCs have a great ability in migration to be recruited rapidly into wounded sites added to their differentiation towards dermal fibroblasts (DF), endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Additionally, ADSCs and DFs are the major sources of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involved in maintaining skin structure and function. Their interactions with skin cells are involved in regulating skin homeostasis and during healing. The evidence suggests that their secretomes ensure: (i) The change in macrophages inflammatory phenotype implicated in the inflammatory phase, (ii) the formation of new blood vessels, thus promoting angiogenesis by increasing endothelial cell differentiation and cell migration, and (iii) the formation of granulation tissues, skin cells, and ECM production, whereby proliferation and remodeling phases occur. These characteristics would be beneficial to therapeutic strategies in wound healing and skin aging and have driven more insights in many clinical investigations. Additionally, it was recently presented as the tool key in the new free-cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, ADSCs fulfill the general accepted criteria for cell-based therapies, but still need further investigations into their efficiency, taking into consideration the host-environment and patient-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Mazini
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Centre interface Applications Médicales (CIAM), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Ben-Guerir 43 150, Morocco;
| | - Luc Rochette
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé Université de Bourgogne—Franche Comté, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Brahim Admou
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, Centre de Recherche Clinique, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Marrakech 40 000, Morocco;
| | - Said Amal
- Service de dermatologie, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Centre hospitalier universitaire, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Centre interface Applications Médicales (CIAM), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Ben-Guerir 43 150, Morocco;
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196
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Schwab N, Grenier K, Hazrati LN. DNA repair deficiency and senescence in concussed professional athletes involved in contact sports. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:182. [PMID: 31727161 PMCID: PMC6857343 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) leads to diverse symptoms including mood disorders, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. In some individuals, these symptoms become chronic and persist in the long-term and can confer an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease and dementia diagnosis later in life. Despite the severity of its consequences, the pathophysiological mechanism of mTBI remains unknown. In this post-mortem case series, we assessed DNA damage-induced cellular senescence pathways in 38 professional athletes with a history of repeated mTBI and ten controls with no mTBI history. We assessed clinical presentation, neuropathological changes, load of DNA damage, morphological markers of cellular senescence, and expression of genes involved in DNA damage signaling, DNA repair, and cellular senescence including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Twenty-eight brains with past history of repeated mTBI history had DNA damage within ependymal cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. DNA damage burden was increased in brains with proteinopathy compared to those without. Cases also showed hallmark features of cellular senescence in glial cells including astrocytic swelling, beading of glial cell processes, loss of H3K27Me3 (trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3) and lamin B1 expression, and increased expression of cellular senescence and SASP pathways. Neurons showed a spectrum of changes including loss of emerin nuclear membrane expression, loss of Brahma-related gene-1 (BRG1 or SMARCA4) expression, loss of myelin basic protein (MBP) axonal expression, and translocation of intranuclear tau to the cytoplasm. Expression of DNA repair proteins was decreased in mTBI brains. mTBI brains showed substantial evidence of DNA damage and cellular senescence. Decreased expression of DNA repair genes suggests inefficient DNA repair pathways in this cohort, conferring susceptibly to cellular senescence and subsequent brain dysfunction after mTBI. We therefore suggest that brains of contact-sports athletes are characterized by deficient DNA repair and DNA damage-induced cellular senescence and propose that this may affect neurons and be the driver of brain dysfunction in mTBI, predisposing the progression to neurodegenerative diseases. This study provides novel targets for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and represents viable targets for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schwab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Canadian Concussion Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karl Grenier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Canadian Concussion Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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197
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Saad EA, Elsayed SA, Hassanien MM, AL‐Adl MS. The new iron(III) 3‐oxo‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)butanamide complex promotes Ehrlich solid tumor regression in mice via induction of apoptosis. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Entsar A. Saad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceDamietta University Damietta Egypt
| | - Shadia A. Elsayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceDamietta University Damietta Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hassanien
- Chemistry Department, Industrial Education CollegeBeni‐Suef University, Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - Menna S. AL‐Adl
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceDamietta University Damietta Egypt
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198
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Ebert SM, Dierdorff JM, Meyerholz DK, Bullard SA, Al-Zougbi A, DeLau AD, Tomcheck KC, Skopec ZP, Marcotte GR, Bodine SC, Adams CM. An investigation of p53 in skeletal muscle aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1075-1084. [PMID: 31465716 PMCID: PMC6850986 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy is a very common and serious condition that remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Several lines of evidence have suggested that the tumor suppressor p53 may play a central, causative role in skeletal muscle aging, whereas other, apparently contradictory lines of evidence have suggested that p53 may be critical for normal skeletal muscle function. To help address these issues, we performed an aging study in male muscle-specific p53-knockout mice (p53 mKO mice), which have a lifelong absence of p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers. We found that the absence of p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers had no apparent deleterious or beneficial effects on skeletal muscle mass or function under basal conditions up to 6 mo of age, when mice are fully grown and exhibit peak muscle mass and function. Furthermore, at 22 and 25 mo of age, when age-related muscle weakness and atrophy are clearly evident in mice, p53 mKO mice demonstrated no improvement or worsening of skeletal muscle mass or function relative to littermate control mice. At advanced ages, p53 mKO mice began to die prematurely and had an increased incidence of osteosarcoma, precluding analyses of muscle mass and function in very old p53 mKO mice. In light of these results, we conclude that p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers has minimal if any direct, cell autonomous effect on basal or age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and function up to at least 22 mo of age.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous studies implicated the transcriptional regulator p53 as a potential mediator of age-related skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the effect of aging in muscle-specific p53-knockout mice. Our results strongly suggest that p53 activity within skeletal muscle fibers is not required for age-related skeletal muscle atrophy or weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Ebert
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa
| | - Jason M Dierdorff
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Steven A Bullard
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Asma Al-Zougbi
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Austin D DeLau
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kristin C Tomcheck
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Zachary P Skopec
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George R Marcotte
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa
- Iowa City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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199
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El-Aassar MR, Saad EA, Habib SA, Waly HM. Loading of some quinoxaline derivatives in poly (l-lactic) acid/Pluronic® F-127 nanofibers enhances their anticancer efficiency and induces a p53 and p21 apoptotic-signaling pathway. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110444. [PMID: 31446323 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity on cancer cell models of a drug delivery system consisting of poly (l-lactic) acid/Pluronic® F-127 (PLLA/PF127) loaded with the new N-butylpyridoquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (NBPQD) or 2-amino-3-cyano-6-methylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (ACMQD) that was synthesized using an electrospinning process compared to free NBPQD and ACMQD. PLLA/PF127-NBPQD and PLLA/PF127-ACMQD nanofibers were prepared, and their shape, size, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, water contact angel (WCA), drug release, anticancer activity against five human cancer cell lines, and flowcytometeric analyses of cell cycle, p21 and p53 activities were investigated. PLLA/PF127 nanofibers with NBPQD or ACMQD were smooth, and no NBPQD or ACMQD clusters were found on nanofibers surface. FTIR analysis indicated that intermolecular hydrogen bonding between NBPQD or ACMQD and the polymer matrix is present. PLLA/PF127 nanofibers with NBPQD or ACMQD showed quite stable thermal stability with degradation at about 400 °C, and showed high WCA values of 68.72 ± 3.83° and 110.59 ± 0.21°, respectively. They showed higher in vitro anticancer activity towards all investigated cell lines compared to free NBPQD or free ACMQD. The lowest IC50 value for PLLA/PF127-NBPQD was 1.7 μg/ml with colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) and was 4.5 μg/ml for PLLA/PF127-ACMQD with hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). PLLA/PF127 nanofibers with NBPQD or ACMQD increased anticancer efficiency via inducing cancer cell apoptosis through activation of a p53 and p21 apoptotic-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R El-Aassar
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Material Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. 21934, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Entsar A Saad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Salem A Habib
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M Waly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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200
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Li Y, Xie L, Huang T, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Qi B, Wang X, Chen Z, Li P. Aging Neurovascular Unit and Potential Role of DNA Damage and Repair in Combating Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:778. [PMID: 31440124 PMCID: PMC6694749 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive neurological deterioration poses enormous burden on the aging population with ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease patients, such as Alzheimers’ disease and Parkinson’s disease. The past two decades have witnessed remarkable advances in the research of neurovascular unit dysfunction, which is emerging as an important pathological feature that underlies these neurological disorders. Dysfunction of the unit allows penetration of blood-derived toxic proteins or leukocytes into the brain and contributes to white matter injury, disturbed neurovascular coupling and neuroinflammation, which all eventually lead to cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidences suggest that aging-related oxidative stress, accumulated DNA damage and impaired DNA repair capacities compromises the genome integrity not only in neurons, but also in other cell types of the neurovascular unit, such as endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. Combating DNA damage or enhancing DNA repair capacities in the neurovascular unit represents a promising therapeutic strategy for vascular and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we focus on aging related mechanisms that underlie DNA damage and repair in the neurovascular unit and introduce several novel strategies that target the genome integrity in the neurovascular unit to combat the vascular and neurodegenerative disorders in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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