151
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Rabi R, Chow R, Paracha S, Hasher L, Gardner S, Anderson ND, Alain C. Time of Day Effects on Inhibitory Functioning: Cognitive and Neural Evidence of Sundowning in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:869-890. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is characterized by episodic memory dysfunction, but inhibitory deficits have also been commonly reported. Time of day (TOD) effects have been confirmed in 1) healthy aging on cognitive processes such as inhibitory control, and 2) on behavior in AD (termed the sundowning effect), but no such research has addressed aMCI. Objective: The present study examined the impact of TOD on the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of inhibition in 54 individuals with aMCI and 52 healthy controls (HCs), all of morning chronotype. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to complete two inhibition tasks (Go-NoGo and Flanker) during their optimal (morning) or non-optimal (evening) TOD, while electroencephalography was recorded. Results: Both tasks elicited changes in N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components, which commonly index inhibitory functioning. Analyses showed that the Go-NoGo difference in P3 amplitude was reduced in individuals with aMCI relative to HCs. Compared to HCs, the Flanker difference in P3 amplitude was also reduced and coincided with more errors in the aMCI group. Notably, these behavioral and ERP differences were exaggerated in the non-optimal TOD relative to the optimal TOD. Conclusion: Findings confirm the presence of inhibition deficits in aMCI and provide novel evidence of sundowning effects on inhibitory control in aMCI. Results reinforce the need to consider the influences of TOD in clinical assessments involving individuals with aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Rabi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricky Chow
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahier Paracha
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Gardner
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole D. Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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152
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Tennant IA, Hull DM, Fagan MA, Casaletto KB, Heaton RK, James Bateman C, Erickson KI, Forrester T, Boyne M. Assessment of cross-cultural measurement invariance of the NIH toolbox fluid cognition measures between Jamaicans and African-Americans. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36167328 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2126939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIHTB-CB) was developed as a common-metric, computerized cognitive screener for research. Although extensively normed and validated in Americans of different ethnicities, there is little data on how generalizable such results would be when used outside of the United States. The objective of this study was to assess measurement invariance (MI) of the NIHTB-CB across Jamaican and African-American samples and determine appropriateness of comparisons across groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses using a single-factor model were conducted using five tests of fluid cognitive abilities from the NIHTB-CB, which assess working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, and executive function. MI was tested sequentially for configural, metric and scalar invariance. 125 Jamaican and 154 American adults of African descent were included. The Jamaican mean age was 31.6 ± 8.6 years (57% males) compared to 43.5 ± 15.5 years (25% males) for the African-American group. The Jamaicans had on average 11.3 ± 2.7 years of education compared to 13.9 ± 2.6 years for the African-Americans. We found metric and configural invariance across both samples but not scalar invariance. These findings suggest that the single factor emerging from the NIHTB-CB measures the same construct, i.e. fluid cognitive ability, in both groups and hence the battery is appropriate for assessments within cultures. However, lack of scalar invariance indicates that direct cross-cultural comparisons of performance levels should be interpreted with caution, also suggesting that U.S. normative standards are not generalizable to the Jamaican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A Tennant
- Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Darrell M Hull
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Marcus A Fagan
- Center for Research Design and Analysis, Texas Women's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caryl James Bateman
- Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Michael Boyne
- Department of Medicine, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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153
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Demetriou L, Becker CM, Martínez-Burgo B, Invitti AL, Kvaskoff M, Shah R, Evans E, Lunde CE, Cox E, Garbutt K, Zondervan KT, Fox E, Vincent K. Stressful experiences impact clinical symptoms in people with endometriosis. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:262-272. [PMCID: PMC9641793 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic condition that affects ~10% of women globally. Its symptoms include chronic pelvic pain, heavy periods and tiredness/fatigue, which have been associated with poorer quality of life and mental health. We aim to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain and fatigue symptoms and their interactions with the impact on mental health in people with endometriosis. This global cross-sectional online survey study collected data from 4717 adults with self-reported surgical/radiological diagnosis of endometriosis between May and June 2020. The survey included questions on the current status and changes of endometriosis symptoms (pelvic pain, tiredness/fatigue, and bleeding patterns), mental health, pain catastrophising, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the respondents’ lives. Compared to 6 months earlier, Respondents reported a marked worsening of their endometriosis symptoms (endometriosis-associated pain (39.3%; 95% CI: 37.7, 40.5), tiredness/fatigue (49.9%; 95% CI: 48.4, 51.2) and bleeding patterns (39.6%; 95% CI: 38.2, 41)) and mental health (38.6%; 95% CI: 37.2, 39.9). Those with a pre-existing mental health diagnosis (38.8%) were more likely to report their symptoms worsening. Worsening of pain and tiredness/fatigue was significantly correlated with worsening of mental health (P < 0.001). The relationship between changes in mental health and (a) change in pain and (b) change in fatigue was found to be weakly mediated by pain catastrophising scores (pain: B = 0.071, lower limit of confidence interval (LLCI) = 0.060, upper limit of confidence interval (ULCI) = 0.082, tiredness/fatigue: B = 0.050, LLCI = 0.040, ULCI = 0.060). This study demonstrates that stressful experiences impact the physical and mental health of people with endometriosis. The findings highlight the need to consider psychological approaches in the holistic management of people with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysia Demetriou
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Burgo
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adriana L Invitti
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, ‘Exposome and Heredity’ Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Razneen Shah
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Evans
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire E Lunde
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biobehavioral Pediatric Pain Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kurtis Garbutt
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katy Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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154
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Marques-Costa C, Simões MR, Almiro PA, Prieto G, Salomé Pinho M. Integrating Technology in Neuropsychological Assessment. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Although neuropsychological assessments include some measures that are administered, scored, or interpreted using new technologies, most researchers in this area advocate that more technology should be integrated. The current situation in neuropsychological assessment may be conceptualized as triggering a crisis leading to a paradigm shift, as there is some resistance to adopting more technology. In this paper, the context of the present crisis in neuropsychological assessment, the main obstacles, and new developments will be discussed. An example of a new computerized assessment tool, the NIH Toolbox, is highlighted. Also addressed are potential issues: in the assessment with tablets illustrating it with the older adult population and how to ensure the compatibility of data collected through these devices within the framework of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Recommendations for research, test development, and clinical practice are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques-Costa
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário R. Simões
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Almiro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Psychology (CIP), Autonomous University Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gerardo Prieto
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Salomé Pinho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Memory, Language, and Executive Functions Laboratory, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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155
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Stypulkowski K, Thayer RE. Long-Term Recreational Cannabis Use Is Associated With Lower Executive Function and Processing Speed in a Pilot Sample of Older Adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:740-746. [PMID: 34583547 PMCID: PMC8958184 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211049130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
More older adults are using cannabis for recreational and/or medical purposes, but most studies examining cognitive function and cannabis use do not include older adults. The current small pilot study sought to compare cognitive function and emotional functioning among adults age 60 and older who were regular, primarily recreational cannabis users (n = 28) and nonusers (n = 10). A bimodal distribution was observed among cannabis users such that they had either initiated regular use more recently ("short-term" users; ≤7 years, n = 13) or earlier in life ("long-term" users; ≥19 years, n = 15). Nonusers, short-term, and long-term users were not different in depression, anxiety, or emotion regulation, or alcohol use. Nonusers scored significantly higher than long-term users in executive function. Short-term users scored significantly higher than long-term users in executive function, processing speed, and general cognition. Additionally, greater recent cannabis use frequency was negatively associated with working memory. The current findings suggest that short-term recreational cannabis use does not result in differences in cognitive performance compared to nonusers, which may indicate that short-term use is relatively benign in older adults. However, longer duration of use is associated with poorer processing speed and executive functioning, and more recent cannabis use is associated with poorer working memory, which may impact older adults' overall cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel E. Thayer
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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156
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Babineau V, Fonge YN, Miller ES, Grobman WA, Ferguson PL, Hunt KJ, Vena JE, Newman RB, Guille C, Tita ATN, Chandler-Laney PC, Lee S, Feng T, Scorza P, Takács L, Wapner RJ, Palomares KT, Skupski DW, Nageotte MP, Sciscione AC, Gilman S, Monk C. Associations of Maternal Prenatal Stress and Depressive Symptoms With Childhood Neurobehavioral Outcomes in the ECHO Cohort of the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies: Fetal Growth Velocity as a Potential Mediator. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:1155-1167. [PMID: 35367322 PMCID: PMC9427685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal prenatal stress and mood symptoms are associated with risk for child psychopathology. Within the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies (ECHO-FGS), a racially and ethnically diverse cohort, we studied associations between prenatal stress and depressive symptoms with child neurobehavior, and potential mediation by fetal growth velocity (FGV) in low-risk pregnancies. METHOD For 730 mother-child pairs, we had serial ultrasound measurements, self-reports of prenatal stress and depression, observations of child executive functions and motor skills from 4 to 8 years, and maternal reports of child psychiatric problems. We tested associations between prenatal stress and depressive symptoms with child neurobehavior in regression analyses, and associations with FGV in mixed effect models. Post hoc we tested severity of prenatal symptoms; FGV at 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles; and moderation by biological sex and by race and ethnicity. RESULTS Prenatal stress and depressive symptoms were associated with child psychiatric problems, and prenatal depressive symptoms with decrements in executive functions and motor skills, especially in biological male children. Neither prenatal stress nor depressive symptoms were associated with FGV. CONCLUSION In one of the largest cohorts with observed child outcomes, and the first with broad representation of race and ethnicity in the United States, we found that prenatal stress and depressive symptoms were associated with greater reports of child psychiatric symptoms. Only prenatal depressive symptoms were associated with observed decrements in cognitive abilities, most significantly in biological male children. Stress during low-risk pregnancies may be less detrimental than theorized. There was no mediation by FGV. These findings support the need to attend to even small changes in prenatal distress, as these may have long-lasting implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaneve N Fonge
- University of Pittsburgh Magee-Womens Hospital, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily S Miller
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William A Grobman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Kelly J Hunt
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - John E Vena
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | | | | | | | | - Seonjoo Lee
- Columbia University, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Gilman
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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157
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Pope CN, Fazeli PL, Vance DE, Mrug S, Ball KK, Stavrinos D. Cognitive reserve attenuates the association between HIV serostatus and cognitive performance in adults living in the deep South. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022; 29:993-1002. [PMID: 33054407 PMCID: PMC8044258 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1832095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve has shown evidence of mitigating HIV-related effects on cognition in people living with HIV (PWH). In a sample of adults residing in the Deep South, an underrepresented subgroup in the neuroAIDS literature, we assessed the association between HIV serostatus and age on processing speed, visual attention, executive function, and episodic memory and the attenuating effect of cognitive reserve. Adults (n = 138; 72 PWH; M age = 58.7 years, SD = 7.9 years; 75% nonwhite race) were recruited from a university clinic and the community. Verbal abilities served as a proxy for cognitive reserve. Regressions accounting for race, alcohol usage, and depressive symptoms were conducted for each cognitive outcome. Indirect effects were tested using the PROCESS macro. Being HIV seropositive was associated with worse executive function (b = -1.04, SE = 0.38, p = .007) and episodic memory (b = -39.94, SE = 12.54, p = .002) performance. Every year of age above the mean and nonwhite race was associated with worse cognitive performance (ps < .05). The addition of cognitive reserve to the model attenuated the HIV serostatus associations with executive function (BC 95% CI -0.770, -0.001) along with most associations between race and cognitive outcomes. Age associations remained for all cognitive outcomes (ps < .05). Findings highlight the importance of including verbal ability proxies of cognitive reserve when assessing cognition in PWH. Highlighting modifiable cognitive processes, such as cognitive reserve, will further the development of targeted cognitive interventions in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sylvie Mrug
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology
| | - Karlene K. Ball
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology
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158
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Esmaeili M, Asgari P, Dehghan Nayeri N, Bahramnezhad F, Fattah Ghazi S. A contextual needs assessment of families with home invasive mechanical ventilation patients: A qualitative study. Chronic Illn 2022; 18:652-665. [PMID: 34486412 DOI: 10.1177/17423953211026362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the advancement of technology the number of patients surviving critical illness has increased. Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is a growing option for patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. Caring for these patients is demanding and challenging. The aim of this study was to explore family caregivers'(carers) needs when providing care to adult patients under HMV from the perspective of nurses, home care attendants, and the caregivers themselves. METHODS Overall, 15 participants (nine carers, three home nurses, and three home care attendants) were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected by in-depth semi-structured interviews and structured observation. Finally, data were analyzed through conventional content analysis with MAXQDA software. RESULTS Three categories of carers'needs were identified, including educational needs (basic and emergencies), psychological needs, and economic needs. In addition, since the needs, feelings, and views of caregivers change over time, the noted needs were divided into three periods: Pre-discharge preparation, initial transition from hospital to home, and appropriate long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION The study results showed that the families of patients under invasive HMV require a standard discharge plan based on their care needs, financial concerns, and psychological screening before discharge as well as a suitable long-term follow-up plan in collaboration with a multidisciplinary treatment team, insurance providers, and home care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esmaeili
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Asgari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Dehghan Nayeri
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bahramnezhad
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Spiritual Health Group, Research Center of Quran, Hadith and Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samrand Fattah Ghazi
- Assistant professor, Fellowship of Critical Care Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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159
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Oshri A, Cui Z, Owens M, Carvalho C, Sweet L. Low-to-moderate level of perceived stress strengthens working memory: Testing the hormesis hypothesis through neural activation. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108354. [PMID: 36041501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The negative impact of stress on neurocognitive functioning is extensively documented by empirical research. However, emerging reports suggest that stress may also confer positive neurocognitive effects. This hypothesis has been advanced by the hormesis model of psychosocial stress, in which low-moderate levels of stress are expected to result in neurocognitive benefits, such as improved working memory (WM), a central executive function. We tested the hormesis hypothesis, purporting an inverted U-shaped relation between stress and neurocognitive performance, in a large sample of young adults from the Human Connectome Project (n = 1000, Mage = 28.74, SD = 3.67, 54.3% female). In particular, we investigated whether neural response during a WM challenge is a potential intermediary through which low-moderate levels of stress confer beneficial effects on WM performance. Further, we tested whether the association between low-moderate prolonged stress and WM-related neural function was stronger in contexts with more psychosocial resources. Findings showed that low-moderate levels of perceived stress were associated with elevated WM-related neural activation, resulting in more optimal WM behavioral performance (α *β = -0.02, p = .046). The strength of this association tapered off at high-stress levels. Finally, we found that the benefit of low-moderate stress was stronger among individuals with access to higher levels of psychosocial resources (β = -0.06, p = .021). By drawing attention to the dose-dependent, nonlinear relation between stress and WM, this study highlights emerging evidence of a process by which mild stress induces neurocognitive benefits, and the psychosocial context under which benefits are most likely to manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Georgia.
| | - Zehua Cui
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; The Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Georgia
| | - Max Owens
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/ St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cory Carvalho
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia
| | - Lawrence Sweet
- Youth Development Institute, Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Georgia; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Georgia
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160
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Tröndle M, Popov T, Dziemian S, Langer N. Decomposing the role of alpha oscillations during brain maturation. eLife 2022; 11:77571. [PMID: 36006005 PMCID: PMC9410707 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are critical stages of the human lifespan, in which fundamental neural reorganizational processes take place. A substantial body of literature investigated accompanying neurophysiological changes, focusing on the most dominant feature of the human EEG signal: the alpha oscillation. Recent developments in EEG signal-processing show that conventional measures of alpha power are confounded by various factors and need to be decomposed into periodic and aperiodic components, which represent distinct underlying brain mechanisms. It is therefore unclear how each part of the signal changes during brain maturation. Using multivariate Bayesian generalized linear models, we examined aperiodic and periodic parameters of alpha activity in the largest openly available pediatric dataset (N=2529, age 5-22 years) and replicated these findings in a preregistered analysis of an independent validation sample (N=369, age 6-22 years). First, the welldocumented age-related decrease in total alpha power was replicated. However, when controlling for the aperiodic signal component, our findings provided strong evidence for an age-related increase in the aperiodic-adjusted alpha power. As reported in previous studies, also relative alpha power revealed a maturational increase, yet indicating an underestimation of the underlying relationship between periodic alpha power and brain maturation. The aperiodic intercept and slope decreased with increasing age and were highly correlated with total alpha power. Consequently, earlier interpretations on age-related changes of total alpha power need to be reconsidered, as elimination of active synapses rather links to decreases in the aperiodic intercept. Instead, analyses of diffusion tensor imaging data indicate that the maturational increase in aperiodic-adjusted alpha power is related to increased thalamocortical connectivity. Functionally, our results suggest that increased thalamic control of cortical alpha power is linked to improved attentional performance during brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Tröndle
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamic of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tzvetan Popov
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamic of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Dziemian
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamic of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Langer
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Methods of Plasticity Research, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URPP) Dynamic of Healthy Aging, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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161
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Lind-Combs HC, Holt RF. Associations Between Parent Mental State Language and Child Inhibitory Control in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:3129-3145. [PMID: 35944046 PMCID: PMC9911130 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) are at increased risk for neurocognitive delays, which can have cascading effects on development. Associations between neurocognition and the content of parental language-specifically the use of mental state vocabulary-have been observed in typically hearing (TH) children. This study investigated the role of parental use of mental state language (e.g., vocabulary related to thought processes, desires, and emotions) in explaining variability in neurocognition in children who are D/HH. METHOD Dyads of 62 TH and 69 D/HH children who wear hearing aids or cochlear implants (ages 3-8 years) and their primary parent were videorecorded during a 20-min play session. Specific mental state words used by parents were extracted. Child neurocognition (specifically, inhibitory control) was assessed using norm-referenced measures. RESULTS Parent use of mental state language predicted child inhibitory control differentially based on hearing status, with a significant relation in the D/HH but not the TH group. Mental state vocabulary related to cognition (e.g., "think," "know"), but not to desire (e.g., "want," "like") or emotion (e.g., "feel," "frustrated"), predicted child inhibitory control in the D/HH group. Finally, there was a significant relation between the use of first person, but not second or third person, mental state verbs (e.g., "I think") and child inhibitory control. CONCLUSIONS Parental use of cognitive mental state vocabulary models language around thought processes, and parents' use of first-person referents models "self-talk." Modeling of these linguistic forms is likely foundational for developing self-regulation. Children who are D/HH often experience reduced auditory access and/or language delays and thus rely on high-quality parental language input for longer periods of development than their TH peers. Continued support from interventionists is indicated to coach parents to be high-quality models of more abstract, decontextualized language, supporting complex language development and inhibitory control in children who are D/HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C. Lind-Combs
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Rachael Frush Holt
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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Miller AL, Albright D, Bauer KW, Riley HO, Hilliard ME, Sturza J, Kaciroti N, Lo SL, Clark KM, Lee JM, Fredericks EM. Self-Regulation as a Protective Factor for Diabetes Distress and Adherence in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:873-882. [PMID: 35609567 PMCID: PMC9213854 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic increased economic, social, and health stressors for families, yet its impacts on families of youth with chronic conditions, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), are not well understood. Self-regulation (SR)-or the capacities to control emotions, cognition, and behavior in response to challenge-is known to support T1D management and coping in the face of stress. Strong SR may have protected youth with T1D from the impacts of pandemic-related stressors. This study compared youth and parent emotional functioning and T1D management before and after the pandemic's onset in relation to family pandemic-related stress and youth SR. METHODS Parents of youth with T1D (N = 88) and a subset of these youth (N = 43; Mean age 15.3 years [SD 2.2]) completed surveys regarding SR, stress, emotional functioning, and T1D-related functioning prior to and after March 2020. Outcomes were compared using mixed effects models adjusting for covariates. Family pandemic-related stress experiences and youth SR were tested as moderators of change. RESULTS Parents' responsibility for T1D management increased across pandemic onset and their diabetes-related distress decreased. Family pandemic-related stress was associated with decreased emotional functioning over time. Youth SR, particularly emotional and behavioral aspects, predicted better emotional and T1D-related functioning. DISCUSSION While youth with T1D whose families experienced higher pandemic-related stress had poorer adjustment, strong emotional and behavioral SR appeared to protect against worsening youth mood and adherence across pandemic onset. Both social-contextual and individual factors are important to consider when working with families managing T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana Albright
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine W Bauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hurley O Riley
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie Sturza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharon L Lo
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katy M Clark
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joyce M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center (CHEAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily M Fredericks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center (CHEAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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163
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Joyce JM, Debert CT, Chevignard M, Sorek G, Katz-Leurer M, Gagnon I, Schneider KJ. Balance impairment in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: Which measures are appropriate for assessment? Front Neurol 2022; 13:906697. [PMID: 35989909 PMCID: PMC9381921 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.906697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Left untreated, balance impairment following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be highly debilitating and hinder activities of daily life. To detect impairments, clinicians need appropriate assessment tools. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and utility of a battery of clinical balance assessments in adults with moderate-to-severe TBI within 6-months of injury. Thirty-seven adults with TBI [Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 12 (33 M/4 F) age 18–50 years] participated in balance testing. Assessments included the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), National Institutes of Health Standing Balance Test (NIH-SBT), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), Advanced Functional Gait Assessment (FGA-A), Tandem Gait Test (TGT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Walking While Talking Test (WWTT). We identified pronounced ceiling effects on the BBS and FGA, two widely used clinical balance assessments. The NIH-SBT, WWTT, and FGA used in conjunction with the FGA-A, offered versatility in their capacity to assess patients across the balance severity spectrum. This study provides evidence to support a stepwise approach to balance assessment that can be adapted to the broad range of balance ability found in moderate-to-severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Joyce
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Julie M. Joyce
| | - Chantel T. Debert
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mathilde Chevignard
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- GRC 24 HaMCRe, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif & Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Rehabilitation Department for Children with Acquired Neurological Injury, Saint Maurice Hospitals, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Gilad Sorek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Katz-Leurer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isabelle Gagnon
- Montreal Children's Hospital Trauma Center, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn J. Schneider
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Evidence Sport and Spinal Therapy, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Fino PC, Dibble LE, Wilde EA, Fino NF, Johnson P, Cortez MM, Hansen CR, van der Veen SM, Skop KM, Werner JK, Tate DF, Levin HS, Pugh MJV, Walker WC. Sensory Phenotypes for Balance Dysfunction After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurology 2022; 99:e521-e535. [PMID: 35577572 PMCID: PMC9421603 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent team-based models of care use symptom subtypes to guide treatments of individuals with chronic effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, these subtypes, or phenotypes, may be too broad, particularly for balance (e.g., vestibular subtype). To gain insight into mTBI-related imbalance, we (1) explored whether a dominant sensory phenotype (e.g., vestibular impaired) exists in the chronic mTBI population, (2) determined the clinical characteristics, symptomatic clusters, functional measures, and injury mechanisms that associate with sensory phenotypes for balance control in this population, and (3) compared the presentations of sensory phenotypes between individuals with and without previous mTBI. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted on the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium. Sensory ratios were calculated from the sensory organization test, and individuals were categorized into 1 of the 8 possible sensory phenotypes. Demographic, clinical, and injury characteristics were compared across phenotypes. Symptoms, cognition, and physical function were compared across phenotypes, groups, and their interaction. RESULTS Data from 758 Service Members and Veterans with mTBI and 172 individuals with no lifetime history of mTBI were included. Abnormal visual, vestibular, and proprioception ratios were observed in 29%, 36%, and 38% of people with mTBI, respectively, with 32% exhibiting more than 1 abnormal sensory ratio. Within the mTBI group, global outcomes (p < 0.001), self-reported symptom severity (p < 0.027), and nearly all physical and cognitive functioning tests (p < 0.027) differed across sensory phenotypes. Individuals with mTBI generally reported worse symptoms than their non-mTBI counterparts within the same phenotype (p = 0.026), but participants with mTBI in the vestibular-deficient phenotype reported lower symptom burdens than their non-mTBI counterparts (e.g., mean [SD] Dizziness Handicap Inventory = 4.9 [8.1] for mTBI vs 12.8 [12.4] for non-mTBI, group × phenotype interaction p < 0.001). Physical and cognitive functioning did not differ between the groups after accounting for phenotype. DISCUSSION Individuals with mTBI exhibit a variety of chronic balance deficits involving heterogeneous sensory integration problems. While imbalance when relying on vestibular information is common, it is inaccurate to label all mTBI-related balance dysfunction under the vestibular umbrella. Future work should consider specific classification of balance deficits, including specific sensory phenotypes for balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Fino
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA.
| | - Leland E Dibble
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Nora F Fino
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA.
| | - Paula Johnson
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Melissa M Cortez
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Colby R Hansen
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Susanne M van der Veen
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Karen M Skop
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - J Kent Werner
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - David F Tate
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Mary Jo V Pugh
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - William C Walker
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
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Philbrook LE, Becker LE, Linde J. Sleep disturbances moderate the association between effortful control and executive functioning in early childhood. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 220:105421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fox RS, Zhang M, Amagai S, Bassard A, Dworak EM, Han YC, Kassanits J, Miller CH, Nowinski CJ, Giella AK, Stoeger JN, Swantek K, Hook JN, Gershon RC. Uses of the NIH Toolbox® in Clinical Samples: A Scoping Review. Neurol Clin Pract 2022; 12:307-319. [PMID: 36382124 PMCID: PMC9647815 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The NIH Toolbox® for the Assessment of Neurologic and Behavioral Function is a compilation of computerized measures designed to assess sensory, motor, emotional, and cognitive functioning of individuals across the life span. The NIH Toolbox was initially developed for use with the general population and was not originally validated in clinical populations. The objective of this scoping review was to assess the extent to which the NIH Toolbox has been used with clinical populations. Methods Guided by the Joanna Briggs Methods Manual for Scoping Reviews, records were identified through searches of PubMed MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global (2008-2020). Database searches yielded 5,693 unique titles of original research that used at least one NIH Toolbox assessment in a sample characterized by any clinical diagnosis. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for inclusion in duplicate. Conflicts at each stage of the review process were resolved by a group discussion. Results Ultimately, 281 publication records were included in this scoping review (nJournal Articles = 104, nConference Abstracts = 84, nClinical Trial Registrations = 86, and nTheses/Dissertations = 7). The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery was by far the most used of the 4 batteries in the measurement system (nCognition = 225, nEmotion = 49, nMotor = 29, and nSensation = 16). The most represented clinical category was neurologic disorders (n = 111), followed by psychological disorders (n = 39) and cancer (n = 31). Most (96.8%) of the journal articles and conference abstracts reporting the use of NIH Toolbox measures with clinical samples were published in 2015 or later. As of May 2021, these records had been cited a total of nearly 1,000 times. Discussion The NIH Toolbox measures have been widely used among individuals with various clinical conditions across the life span. Our results lay the groundwork to support the feasibility and utility of administering the NIH Toolbox measures in research conducted with clinical populations and further suggest that these measures may be of value for implementation in fast-paced clinical settings as part of routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina S Fox
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Manrui Zhang
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Saki Amagai
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Adrianna Bassard
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Elizabeth M Dworak
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Y Catherine Han
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Jessica Kassanits
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Corinne H Miller
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Cindy J Nowinski
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Amy K Giella
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Jordan N Stoeger
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Kathleen Swantek
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Julie N Hook
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
| | - Richard C Gershon
- Northwestern University (RSF, MZ, SA, AB, EMD, YCH, JK, CHM, CJN, AKG, JNS, KS, JNH, RCG), Chicago, IL; and University of Arizona (RSF), Tucson
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167
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Is perceived stress linked to enhanced cognitive functioning and reduced risk for psychopathology? Testing the hormesis hypothesis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114644. [PMID: 35772214 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research documents the impact of psychosocial stress on risk for the development of psychiatric symptoms across one's lifespan. Further, evidence exists that cognitive functioning mediates this link. However, a growing body of research suggests that limited stress can result in cognitive benefits that may contribute to resilience. The hypothesis that low-to-moderate levels of stress are linked to more adaptive outcomes has been referred to as hormesis. Using a sample of young adults from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1,206, 54.4% female, Mage = 28.84), the present study aims to test the hormetic effect between low-to-moderate perceived stress and psychopathological symptoms (internalizing and externalizing symptoms), as well as to cross-sectionally explore the intermediate role of cognitive functioning in this effect. Results showed cognitive functioning as a potential intermediating mechanism underlying the curvilinear associations between perceived stress and externalizing, but not internalizing, behaviors. This study provides preliminary support for the benefits of limited stress to the process of human resilience.
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168
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Liu S, Zalewski M, Lengua L, Gunnar MR, Giuliani N, Fisher PA. Material hardship level and unpredictability in relation to U.S. households' family interactions and emotional well-being: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2022; 307:115173. [PMID: 35785642 PMCID: PMC9242702 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has been recognized to provide rare insight to advance the scientific understanding of early life adversity, such as material hardship. During the COVID-19 pandemic, material hardship (i.e., difficulty paying for basic needs) in families of young children has had detrimental effects on caregivers' and children's well-being. In addition to the degree of material hardship, the week-to-week and month-to-month unpredictability of hardship status may add to families' stress and worsen well-being. This study examined the magnitude of and mechanisms underlying the effects of material hardship level and unpredictability on the well-being of U.S. households with young children during the pandemic. METHODS Data were drawn from the RAPID project, a large ongoing national study that used weekly/biweekly online surveys to investigate the pandemic impact on U.S. households with young children. The current study leveraged data from 4621 families who provided at least three responses between April 2020 and October 2021. RESULTS Findings indicated that racial/ethnic minorities and lower-income households experienced higher levels of material hardship and unpredictability during the pandemic, compared to their White or higher-income counterparts. Levels of pandemic-related material hardship and hardship unpredictability were both significantly associated with worsened well-being among caregivers and children. Finally, the effects of hardship level and unpredictability on well-being outcomes were partially mediated through disrupted family routines. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study highlight that ensuring equal and adequate access to financial resources, as well as promoting financial stability for households with young children are both critical for maintaining functional family dynamics and promoting caregivers' and children's optimal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Liu
- Stanford Center on Early Childhood, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, USA.
| | - Maureen Zalewski
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | | | - Megan R. Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicole Giuliani
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Philip A. Fisher
- Stanford Center on Early Childhood, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, USA
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169
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Schneider JM, Weng YL, Hu A, Qi Z. Linking the neural basis of distributional statistical learning with transitional statistical learning: The paradox of attention. Neuropsychologia 2022; 172:108284. [PMID: 35667495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Statistical learning, the process of tracking distributional information and discovering embedded patterns, is traditionally regarded as a form of implicit learning. However, recent studies proposed that both implicit (attention-independent) and explicit (attention-dependent) learning systems are involved in statistical learning. To understand the role of attention in statistical learning, the current study investigates the cortical processing of distributional patterns in speech across local and global contexts. We then ask how these cortical responses relate to statistical learning behavior in a word segmentation task. We found Event-Related Potential (ERP) evidence of pre-attentive processing of both the local (mismatching negativity) and global distributional information (late discriminative negativity). However, as speech elements became less frequent and more surprising, some participants showed an involuntary attentional shift, reflected in a P3a response. Individuals who displayed attentive neural tracking of distributional information showed faster learning in a speech statistical learning task. These results suggest that an involuntary attentional shift might play a facilitatory, but not essential, role in statistical learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Schneider
- University of Delaware, Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, 125 E Main St, Newark, DE, 19711, USA; Louisiana State University, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 217 Thomas Boyd Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Yi-Lun Weng
- University of Delaware, Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, 125 E Main St, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Anqi Hu
- University of Delaware, Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, 125 E Main St, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Zhenghan Qi
- University of Delaware, Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, 125 E Main St, Newark, DE, 19711, USA; Northeastern University, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Department of Psychology, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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170
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Contributions of causal reasoning to early scientific literacy. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 224:105509. [PMID: 35850022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although early causal reasoning has been studied extensively, inconsistency in the tasks used to assess it has clouded our understanding of its structure, development, and relevance to broader developmental outcomes. The current research attempted to bring clarity to these questions by exploring patterns of performance across several commonly used measures of causal reasoning, and their relation to scientific literacy, in a sample of 3- to 5-year-old children from diverse backgrounds (N = 153). A longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis revealed that some measures of causal reasoning (counterfactual reasoning, causal learning, and causal inference), but not all of them (tracking cause-effect associations and resolving confounded evidence), assess a unidimensional factor and that this resulting factor was relatively stable across time. A cross-lagged panel model analysis revealed associations between causal reasoning and scientific literacy across each age tested. Causal reasoning and scientific literacy related to each other concurrently, and each predicted the other in subsequent years. These relations could not be accounted for by children's broader cognitive skills. Implications for early STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) engagement and success are discussed.
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171
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Martin T, Giordani B, Kavcic V. EEG asymmetry and cognitive testing in MCI identification. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:213-219. [PMID: 35618112 PMCID: PMC10756646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding the baseline resting-state EEG markers for early identification of cognitive decline can contribute to the identification of individuals at risk of further change. Potential applications include identifying participants for clinical trials, early treatment, and evaluation of treatment, accessible even from a community setting. METHODS Analyses were completed on a sample of 99 (ages 60-90) consensus-diagnosed, community-dwelling African Americans (58 cognitively typical/HC, and 41 mildly cognitively impaired/MCI), who were recruited from the Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (MADRC) and the Wayne State University Institute of Gerontology. In addition to neuropsychological testing with CogState and Toolbox computerized batteries, resting-state EEGs (rsEEG, eyes closed) were acquired before and after participants were engaged in a visual motion direction discrimination task. rsEEG frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and frontal beta asymmetry (FBA) were calculated. RESULTS FAA showed no difference across groups for the pre-task resting state. FBA was significantly different between groups, with more asymmetric frontal beta in MCI. Both physiological indices, however, along with computerized neuropsychological tests were significant predictors in logistic regression classification of MCI vs. control participants. CONCLUSION rsEEG asymmetries can contribute significantly to successful discrimination of older persons with MCI from those without, over and above cognitive testing, alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Martin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, USA; International Institute of Applied Gerontology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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172
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Arioli M, Rini J, Anguera-Singla R, Gazzaley A, Wais PE. Validation of At-Home Application of a Digital Cognitive Screener for Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:907496. [PMID: 35847674 PMCID: PMC9283580 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.907496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Standardized neuropsychological assessments of older adults are important for both clinical diagnosis and biobehavioral research. Over decades, in-person testing has been the basis for population normative values that rank cognitive performance by demographic status. Most recently, digital tools have enabled remote data collection for cognitive measures, which offers the significant promise to extend the basis for normative values to be more inclusive of a larger cross section of the older population. We developed a Remote Characterization Module (RCM), using a speech-to-text interface, as a novel digital tool to administer an at-home, 25-min cognitive screener that mimics eight standardized neuropsychological measures. Forty cognitively healthy participants were recruited from a longitudinal aging research cohort, and they performed the same measures of memory, attention, verbal fluency and set-shifting in both in-clinic paper-and-pencil (PAP) and at-home RCM versions. The results showed small differences, if any, for how participants performed on in-person and remote versions in five of eight tasks. Critically, robust correlations between their PAP and RCM scores across participants support the finding that remote, digital testing can provide a reliable assessment tool for rapid and remote screening of healthy older adults’ cognitive performance in several key domains. The implications for digital cognitive screeners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Arioli
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - James Rini
- Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Roger Anguera-Singla
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adam Gazzaley
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter E. Wais
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter E. Wais,
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173
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Karr JE, Rivera Mindt M, Iverson GL. Algorithms for Operationalizing Mild Cognitive Impairment Using the Spanish-Language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 37:1608-1618. [PMID: 35739338 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychologists would benefit from flexible methods for operationalizing psychometric cognitive impairment in Spanish-speaking examinees that vary in association with intelligence, education, and sociocultural characteristics. The current study combined low and high score base rates (BRs) for the Spanish-language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) to identify score combinations that are uncommon within different stratifications of the normative sample and may indicate cognitive impairment. METHOD The Spanish-language NIHTB-CB normative sample included 250 healthy Latinx adults with complete data on two crystallized and five fluid cognitive tests (M = 38.8 ± 13.7 years old, 72.0% women). Test performances were converted into age-adjusted and demographically adjusted normed scores, adjusting for age, gender, and education. The frequencies at which participants obtained one or more low scores or few to no high scores on fluid cognitive tests were combined into algorithms that occurred at BRs approximately 1 SD (~16%) or 1.5 SDs (~7%) below the mean. RESULTS Algorithms are provided for age-adjusted and demographically adjusted scores, with BRs stratified by crystallized ability, education, and sociocultural characteristics. Using demographically adjusted norms, the BR of obtaining any one of the following, 5 scores <50th, 4+ scores ≤25th, 3+ scores ≤16th, or 2+ scores ≤9th percentile, approximates 1 SD below the mean in participants born (BR = 16.2%) or educated abroad (BR = 18.6%), who are monolingual Spanish speakers (BR = 16.4%) or who reside in low-income households (BR = 13.6%). CONCLUSIONS These algorithms offer a flexible approach to operationalizing psychometric cognitive impairment, through which different definitions can be applied to different examinees based on varying crystallized ability, education, and sociocultural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Rivera Mindt
- Department of Psychology, Latin American and Latino Studies Institute, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, USA
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174
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McCormick EM, Arnemann KL, Ito T, Hanson SJ, Cole MW. Latent functional connectivity underlying multiple brain states. Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:570-590. [PMID: 35733420 PMCID: PMC9208020 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) studies have predominantly focused on resting state, where ongoing dynamics are thought to reflect the brain's intrinsic network architecture, which is thought to be broadly relevant because it persists across brain states (i.e., is state-general). However, it is unknown whether resting state is the optimal state for measuring intrinsic FC. We propose that latent FC, reflecting shared connectivity patterns across many brain states, better captures state-general intrinsic FC relative to measures derived from resting state alone. We estimated latent FC independently for each connection using leave-one-task-out factor analysis in seven highly distinct task states (24 conditions) and resting state using fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project. Compared with resting-state connectivity, latent FC improves generalization to held-out brain states, better explaining patterns of connectivity and task-evoked activation. We also found that latent connectivity improved prediction of behavior outside the scanner, indexed by the general intelligence factor (g). Our results suggest that FC patterns shared across many brain states, rather than just resting state, better reflect state-general connectivity. This affirms the notion of "intrinsic" brain network architecture as a set of connectivity properties persistent across brain states, providing an updated conceptual and mathematical framework of intrinsic connectivity as a latent factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M McCormick
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katelyn L Arnemann
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Takuya Ito
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.,Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Michael W Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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175
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Waisbren SE. Review of neuropsychological outcomes in isolated methylmalonic acidemia: recommendations for assessing impact of treatments. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1317-1335. [PMID: 35348993 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency (OMIM #251,000) is an autosomal recessive disorder of organic acid metabolism associated with life-threatening acute metabolic decompensations and significant neuropsychological deficits. "Isolated" MMA refers to the presence of excess methylmalonic acid without homocysteine elevation. Belonging to this class of disorders are those that involve complete deficiency (mut0) and partial deficiency (mut-) of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase enzyme and other disorders causing excess methylmalonic acid excretion. These other disorders include enzymatic subtypes related to cobalamin A defect (cblA) (OMIM #25,110), cobalamin B defect (cblB) (OMIM #251,110) and related conditions. Neuropsychological attributes associated with isolated MMA have become more relevant as survival rates increased following improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. Children with this disorder still are at risk for developmental delay, cognitive difficulties and progressive declines in functioning. Mean IQ for all types apart from cblA defect enzymatic subtype is rarely above 85 and much lower for mut0 enzymatic subtype. Identifying psychological domains responsive to improvements in biochemical status is important. This review suggests that processing speed, working memory, language, attention, and quality of life may be sensitive to fluctuations in metabolite levels while IQ and motor skills may be less amenable to change. Due to slower developmental trajectories, Growth Scale Values, Projected Retained Ability Scores and other indices of change need to be incorporated into clinical trial study protocols. Neuropsychologists are uniquely qualified to provide a differentiated picture of cognitive, behavioral and emotional consequences of MMA and analyze benefits or shortcomings of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Waisbren
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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176
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Meng D, Wang S, Wong PCM, Feng G. Generalizable predictive modeling of semantic processing ability from functional brain connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4274-4292. [PMID: 35611721 PMCID: PMC9435002 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Semantic processing (SP) is one of the critical abilities of humans for representing and manipulating conceptual and meaningful information. Neuroimaging studies of SP typically collapse data from many subjects, but its neural organization and behavioral performance vary between individuals. It is not yet understood whether and how the individual variabilities in neural network organizations contribute to the individual differences in SP behaviors. We aim to identify the neural signatures underlying SP variabilities by analyzing functional connectivity (FC) patterns based on a large‐sample Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset and rigorous predictive modeling. We used a two‐stage predictive modeling approach to build an internally cross‐validated model and to test the model's generalizability with unseen data from different HCP samples and other out‐of‐sample datasets. FC patterns within a putative semantic brain network were significantly predictive of individual SP scores summarized from five SP‐related behavioral tests. This cross‐validated model can be used to predict unseen HCP data. The model generalizability was enhanced in the language task compared with other tasks used during scanning and was better for females than males. The model constructed from the HCP dataset can be partially generalized to two independent cohorts that participated in different semantic tasks. FCs connecting to the Perisylvian language network show the most reliable contributions to predictive modeling and the out‐of‐sample generalization. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neural sources of individual differences in SP, which potentially lay the foundation for personalized education for healthy individuals and intervention for SP and language deficits patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Meng
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiping Wang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patrick C M Wong
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gangyi Feng
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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177
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Vacas S, Canales C, Deiner SG, Cole DJ. Perioperative Brain Health in the Older Adult: A Patient Safety Imperative. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:316-328. [PMID: 35584550 PMCID: PMC9288500 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
While people 65 years of age and older represent 16% of the population in the United States, they account for >40% of surgical procedures performed each year. Maintaining brain health after anesthesia and surgery is not only important to our patients, but it is also an increasingly important patient safety imperative for the specialty of anesthesiology. Aging is a complex process that diminishes the reserve of every organ system and often results in a patient who is vulnerable to the stress of surgery. The brain is no exception, and many older patients present with preoperative cognitive impairment that is undiagnosed. As we age, a number of changes occur in the human brain, resulting in a patient who is less resilient to perioperative stress, making older adults more susceptible to the phenotypic expression of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. This review summarizes the current scientific and clinical understanding of perioperative neurocognitive disorders and recommends patient-centered, age-focused interventions that can better mitigate risk, prevent harm, and improve outcomes for our patients. Finally, it discusses the emerging topic of sleep and cognitive health and other future frontiers of scientific inquiry that might inform clinical best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Vacas
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cecilia Canales
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stacie G Deiner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Daniel J Cole
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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178
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Meier EL, Kelly CR, Hillis AE. Dissociable language and executive control deficits and recovery in post-stroke aphasia: An exploratory observational and case series study. Neuropsychologia 2022; 172:108270. [PMID: 35597266 PMCID: PMC9728463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates many, but not all, individuals with post-stroke aphasia experience executive dysfunction. Relationships between language and executive function skills are often reported in the literature, but the degree of interdependence between these abilities remains largely unanswered. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the extent to which language and executive control deficits dissociated in 1) acute stroke and 2) longitudinal aphasia recovery. Twenty-three individuals admitted to Johns Hopkins Hospital with a new left hemisphere stroke completed the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R), several additional language measures (of naming, semantics, spontaneous speech, and oral reading), and three non-linguistic cognitive tasks from the NIH Toolbox (i.e., Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test, and Dimensional Change Card Sorting Test). Two participants with aphasia (PWA) with temporoparietal lesions, one of whom (PWA1) had greater temporal but less frontal and superior parietal damage than the other (PWA2), also completed testing at subacute (three months post-onset) and early chronic (six months post-onset) time points. In aim 1, principal component analysis on the acute test data (excluding the WAB-R) revealed language and non-linguistic executive control tasks largely loaded onto separate components. Both components were significant predictors of acute aphasia severity per the WAB-R Aphasia Quotient (AQ). Crucially, executive dysfunction explained an additional 17% of the variance in AQ beyond the explanatory power of language impairments alone. In aim 2, both case patients exhibited language and executive control deficits at the acute post-stroke stage. A dissociation was observed in longitudinal recovery of these patients. By the early chronic time point, PWA1 exhibited improved (but persistent) deficits in several language domains and recovered executive control. In contrast, PWA2 demonstrated mostly recovered language but persistent executive dysfunction. Greater damage to language and attention networks in these respective patients may explain the observed behavioral patterns. These results demonstrate that language and executive control can dissociate (at least to a degree), but both contribute to early post-stroke presentation of aphasia and likely influence longitudinal aphasia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, USA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, USA; Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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179
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Callow DD, Purcell JJ, Won J, Smith JC. Neurite dispersion and density mediates the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in healthy younger adults. Neuropsychologia 2022; 169:108207. [PMID: 35259402 PMCID: PMC8985444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with better cognition across the lifespan. However, the neurobiological underpinnings relating fitness and cognition remain unclear, particularly in healthy younger adults. Using a well-established and popular multi-compartment diffusion modeling approach, called Neurite Orientation and Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), we investigated the relationship between physical fitness (measured via a 2-min walk test), cognition (fluid and crystallized), and gray and white matter microstructure, in a large sample (n = 816) of healthy younger adults (ages 22-35 years) from the human connectome project (HCP). Concurrent with previous literature, we found that fitness was positively associated with both fluid and crystallized cognition. Furthermore, we found that physical fitness was negatively associated with white matter orientation dispersion index (ODIWM) around the cerebellar peduncle and was negatively associated with widespread cortical and subcortical gray matter neurite density index (NDIGM). Lower ODIWM of the cerebral peduncle was associated with better fluid cognitive performance, while lower NDIGM was associated with better crystallized cognition. Finally, we found that while ODIWM partially mediated the relationship between fitness and fluid cognition, NDIGM partially mediated the relationship between fitness and crystallized cognition. This study is the first to explore the relationship between physical fitness and white and gray matter microstructure measures using NODDI. Our findings suggest that in addition to improved cognitive performance, higher physical fitness may be associated with lower white matter tract dispersion and lower neurite density in the cortical and subcortical gray matter of healthy younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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180
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Jaekel BN, Weinstein S, Newman RS, Goupell MJ. Impacts of signal processing factors on perceptual restoration in cochlear-implant users. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:2898. [PMID: 35649892 PMCID: PMC9054268 DOI: 10.1121/10.0010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear-implant (CI) users have previously demonstrated perceptual restoration, or successful repair of noise-interrupted speech, using the interrupted sentences paradigm [Bhargava, Gaudrain, and Başkent (2014). "Top-down restoration of speech in cochlear-implant users," Hear. Res. 309, 113-123]. The perceptual restoration effect was defined experimentally as higher speech understanding scores with noise-burst interrupted sentences compared to silent-gap interrupted sentences. For the perceptual restoration illusion to occur, it is often necessary for the masking or interrupting noise bursts to have a higher intensity than the adjacent speech signal to be perceived as a plausible masker. Thus, signal processing factors like noise reduction algorithms and automatic gain control could have a negative impact on speech repair in this population. Surprisingly, evidence that participants with cochlear implants experienced the perceptual restoration illusion was not observed across the two planned experiments. A separate experiment, which aimed to provide a close replication of previous work on perceptual restoration in CI users, also found no consistent evidence of perceptual restoration, contrasting the original study's previously reported findings. Typical speech repair of interrupted sentences was not observed in the present work's sample of CI users, and signal-processing factors did not appear to affect speech repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Jaekel
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sarah Weinstein
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Rochelle S Newman
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Matthew J Goupell
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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181
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Hanson BA, Visvabharathy L, Ali ST, Kang AK, Patel TR, Clark JR, Lim PH, Orban ZS, Hwang SS, Mattoon D, Batra A, Liotta EM, Koralnik IJ. Plasma Biomarkers of Neuropathogenesis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Those With Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/3/e1151. [PMID: 35256481 PMCID: PMC8901169 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although patients hospitalized with COVID-19 frequently present with encephalopathy, those with mild initial COVID-19 disease who never required hospitalization also often develop neurologic symptoms as part of postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (neuro-PASC). The pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 encephalopathy and neuro-PASC are unknown. We sought to establish biochemical evidence of CNS injury in those patients and their association with neuropsychiatric manifestations and SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia. METHODS We recruited hospitalized, posthospitalized, and nonhospitalized patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with neurologic symptoms in addition to healthy control (HC) subjects. Plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL), plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (pGFAP), and plasma SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid antigen (pN Ag) were measured by HD-X Simoa analyzer (Quanterix) and compared with neuropsychiatric symptoms, patient-reported quality-of-life measures, and standardized cognitive assessments. Neuroglial scores (pGFAP/pNfL) were calculated to estimate the relative contribution of astroglial and neuronal involvement. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 64 study participants, including 9 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 encephalopathy (CE), 9 posthospitalization neuro-PASC (PNP) patients, 38 nonhospitalized neuro-PASC (NNP) patients, and 8 HC subjects. Patients with CE were older, had higher pNfL and pGFAP concentrations, and more frequent pN Ag detection than all neuro-PASC groups. PNP and NNP patients exhibited similar PASC symptoms, decreased quality-of-life measures, and cognitive dysfunction, and 1 of the 38 (2.6%) NNP patients had pN Ag detectable 3 weeks postsymptoms onset. Patients with neuro-PASC presenting with anxiety/depression had higher neuroglial scores, which were correlated with increased anxiety on quality-of-life measures. DISCUSSION pNfL, pGFAP, and pN Ag measurements indicate neuronal dysfunction and systemic involvement in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 N Ag in blood 3 weeks after symptoms onset in a nonhospitalized patient suggests that prolonged antigenic stimulation, or possibly latent infection, may occur. Anxiety was associated with evidence of astroglial activation in patients with neuro-PASC. These data shed new light on SARS-Cov-2 neuropathogenesis and demonstrate the value of plasma biomarkers across the COVID-19 disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Hanson
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Lavanya Visvabharathy
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Sareen T Ali
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Anthony K Kang
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Tulsi R Patel
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Jeffrey R Clark
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Patrick H Lim
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Zachary S Orban
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Soyoon S Hwang
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Dawn Mattoon
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Ayush Batra
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Eric M Liotta
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA
| | - Igor J Koralnik
- From the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology (B.A.H., L.V., S.T.A., A.K.K., T.R.P., J.R.C., P.H.L., Z.S.O., A.B., E.M.L., I.J.K.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Rush Medical College (B.A.H.), Chicago IL; and Quanterix Corporation (S.S.H., D.M.), Billerica, MA.
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182
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Garcia NL, Dick AS, Pruden SM. Contributions of executive function to spatial thinking in young children. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelcida L. Garcia
- Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Shannon M. Pruden
- Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
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183
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Robinson KJ, Lubans DR, Mavilidi MF, Hillman CH, Benzing V, Valkenborghs SR, Barker D, Riley N. Effects of Classroom-Based Resistance Training With and Without Cognitive Training on Adolescents' Cognitive Function, On-task Behavior, and Muscular Fitness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:811534. [PMID: 35386901 PMCID: PMC8977488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Participation in classroom physical activity breaks may improve children's cognition, but few studies have involved adolescents. The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of classroom-based resistance training with and without cognitive training on adolescents' cognitive function. Methods: Participants were 97 secondary school students (45.4% females, mean age 15.78 ± 0.44). Four-year 10 classes from one school were included in this four-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Classes were randomly assigned to the following groups: sedentary control with no cognitive training, sedentary with cognitive training, resistance training without cognitive training, and resistance training with cognitive training. Sessions varied in levels of both cognitive demand and resistance training (i.e., high vs. low) and were administered three times per week for 4 weeks (12 sessions). Inhibition, cognitive flexibility, episodic memory, on-task behavior, and muscular fitness were assessed at baseline and post-test. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes within and between groups. Results: In comparison with the control group, episodic memory improved significantly in the resistance training without cognitive training group (-9.87 units, 95% CI: -17.71 to -2.03, p = 0.014, d = 0.72). There were no group-by-time effects for inhibition or cognitive flexibility. Classroom activity breaks both with and without cognitive demand improved participants' on-task behavior in comparison with the control and sedentary group. The resistance training programs did not lead to improvements in muscular fitness. Conclusion: Participation in body weight resistance training without cognitive training led to selective improvements in episodic memory. No training effects were found for inhibition or cognitive flexibility. A longer study period may be necessary to induce improvements in muscular fitness and associated changes in inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621001341819.aspx, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry-ACTRN12621001341819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Robinson
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Myrto F Mavilidi
- School of Education/Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Valentin Benzing
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah R Valkenborghs
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Barker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Riley
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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184
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Ho S, York T, Marchese V. Exploring relationships between inspiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in childhood cancer survivors: a pilot study. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 39:203-214. [PMID: 34404319 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1960656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience short- and long-term side effects from cancer treatment that often impair functional capacity. Inspiratory muscle weakness is a potential mechanism for reduced functional capacity. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between inspiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in 10 CCS. Inspiratory muscle strength was measured by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) while functional capacity was measured by the two-minute walk test (2MWT), the physiological cost index and hemodynamic response to exercise according to changes in heart rate, blood pressure and rate-pressure product (RPP). Overall, MIP and 2MWT distance were below predicted values. Hemodynamic responses to the 2MWT were consistent with little variation, except for elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response. MIP had significant relationships with resting DBP (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [rs] = -0.70; p = 0.03) and DBP response (rs = 0.72; p = 0.02). Time since completion of cancer treatment had a significant positive relationship with RPP response (rs = 0.67; p = 0.03). Inspiratory muscle weakness in childhood cancer could be an indicator of skeletal muscle dysfunction and should be considered when symptoms of dyspnea or poor functional capacity arise. Inspiratory muscle strength was found to be related to changes in blood pressure in CCS. Future studies should further investigate these relationships and the impact of inspiratory muscle training on hemodynamics and functional capacity in CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ho
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Teresa York
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Marchese
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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185
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Remote and at-home data collection: Considerations for the NIH HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101059. [PMID: 35033972 PMCID: PMC8762360 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NIH HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) study aims to characterize the impact of in utero exposure to substances, and related environmental exposures on child neurodevelopment and health outcomes. A key focus of HBCD is opioid exposure, which has disproportionately affected rural areas. While most opioid use and neonatal abstinence syndrome has been reported outside of large cities, rural communities are often under-represented in large-scale clinical research studies that involve neuroimaging, in-person assessments, or bio-specimen collections. Thus, there exists a likely mismatch between the communities that are the focus of HBCD and those that can participate. Even geographically proximal participants, however, are likely to bias towards higher socioeconomic status given the anticipated study burden and visit frequency. Wearables, ‘nearables’, and other consumer biosensors, however, are increasingly capable of collecting continuous physiologic and environmental exposure data, facilitating remote assessment. We review the potential of these technologies for remote in situ data collection, and the ability to engage rural, affected communities. While not necessarily a replacement, these technologies offer a compelling complement to traditional ‘gold standard’ lab-based methods, with significant potential to expand the study’s reach and importance.
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186
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Translation and Cultural Adaptation of NIH Toolbox Cognitive Tests into Swahili and Dholuo Languages for Use in Children in Western Kenya. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:414-423. [PMID: 34027848 PMCID: PMC8611114 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Performing high-quality and reliable cognitive testing requires significant resources and training. As a result, large-scale studies involving cognitive testing are difficult to perform in low- and middle-income settings, limiting access to critical knowledge to improve academic achievement and economic production in these populations. The NIH Toolbox® is a collection of cognitive, motor, sensory, and emotional tests that can be administered and scored using an iPad® tablet, reducing the need for training and quality monitoring; and thus, it is a potential solution to this problem. METHODS We describe our process for translation and cultural adaptation of the existing NIH Toolbox tests of fluid cognition into the Swahili and Dholuo languages for use in children aged 3-14 years in western Kenya. Through serial forward and back translations, cognitive interviews, group consensus, outside feedback, and support from the NIH Toolbox team, we produced translated tests that have both face validity and linguistic validation. RESULTS During our cognitive interviews, we found that the five chosen tests (one each of attention, cognitive flexibility, working memory, episodic memory, and processing speed) were generally well understood by children aged 7-14 years in our chosen populations. The cognitive interviews informed alterations in translation as well as slight changes in some images to culturally adapt the tests. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the process by which we translated five fluid cognition tests from the NIH Toolbox into the Swahili and Dholuo languages. The finished testing application will be available for future studies, including a pilot study for assessment of psychometric properties.
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187
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Meier EL, Kelly CR, Goldberg EB, Hillis AE. Executive control deficits and lesion correlates in acute left hemisphere stroke survivors with and without aphasia. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:868-877. [PMID: 34647269 PMCID: PMC8514281 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the traditional definition of the disorder, many individuals with aphasia exhibit non-linguistic cognitive impairments, including executive control deficits. Classic lesion studies cite frontal lobe damage in executive dysfunction, but more recent lesion symptom-mapping studies in chronic aphasia present mixed results. In this study, we compared executive control abilities of acute stroke survivors with and without aphasia and investigated lesion correlates of linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive tasks. Twenty-nine participants with acute left hemisphere stroke resulting in aphasia (n = 14) or no aphasia (n = 15) completed clinical MRI and testing, including three NIH Toolbox Cognition Batteries (Pattern Comparison Processing Speed, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention, and Dimensional Change Card Sort Tests) and the Boston Naming Test. We compared performance between groups using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. We used Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Regression to identify neural markers (percent regional damage, hypoperfusion within vascular territories, and total lesion volume) of executive control deficits and anomia. Group performance was comparable on the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test, but people with aphasia had poorer standard scores, lower accuracy, and slower response times on the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test than people without aphasia. Damage to extrasylvian regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, intraparietal sulcus) was related to executive control deficits, whereas language network damage (to inferior frontal and superior and posterior middle temporal gyri) was linked to naming impairments. These results suggest people with aphasia can exhibit comorbid executive control impairments linked to damage outside classic language network areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Meier
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 228C FR, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Catherine R Kelly
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily B Goldberg
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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188
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The Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control dataset, a theoretically-guided within-subject task fMRI battery. Sci Data 2022; 9:114. [PMID: 35351911 PMCID: PMC8964804 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is a critical higher mental function, which is subject to considerable individual variation, and is impaired in a range of mental health disorders. We describe here the initial release of Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control (DMCC) project data, the DMCC55B dataset, with 55 healthy unrelated young adult participants. Each participant performed four well-established cognitive control tasks (AX-CPT, Cued Task-Switching, Sternberg Working Memory, and Stroop) while undergoing functional MRI scanning. The dataset includes a range of state and trait self-report questionnaires, as well as behavioural tasks assessing individual differences in cognitive ability. The DMCC project is on-going and features additional components (e.g., related participants, manipulations of cognitive control mode, resting state fMRI, longitudinal testing) that will be publicly released following study completion. This DMCC55B subset is released early with the aim of encouraging wider use and greater benefit to the scientific community. The DMCC55B dataset is suitable for benchmarking and methods exploration, as well as analyses of task performance and individual differences.
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189
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Spreng RN, Setton R, Alter U, Cassidy BN, Darboh B, DuPre E, Kantarovich K, Lockrow AW, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, Luh WM, Kundu P, Turner GR. Neurocognitive aging data release with behavioral, structural and multi-echo functional MRI measures. Sci Data 2022; 9:119. [PMID: 35351925 PMCID: PMC8964687 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Central to understanding human behavior is a comprehensive mapping of brain-behavior relations within the context of lifespan development. Reproducible discoveries depend upon well-powered samples of reliable data. We provide to the scientific community two, 10-minute, multi-echo functional MRI (ME-fMRI) runs, and structural MRI (T1-MPRAGE), from 181 healthy younger (ages 18-34 y) and 120 older adults (ages 60-89 y). T2-FLAIR MRIs and behavioral assessments are available in a majority subset of over 250 participants. Behavioral assessments include fluid and crystallized cognition, self-reported measures of personality, and socioemotional functioning. Initial quality control and validation of these data is provided. This dataset will be of value to scientists interested in BOLD signal specifically isolated from ME-fMRI, individual differences in brain-behavioral associations, and cross-sectional aging effects in healthy adults. Demographic and behavioral data are available within the Open Science Framework project "Goal-Directed Cognition in Older and Younger Adults" ( http://osf.io/yhzxe/ ), which will be augmented over time; neuroimaging data are available on OpenNeuro ( https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds003592 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada.
| | - Roni Setton
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Udi Alter
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bri Darboh
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth DuPre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Amber W Lockrow
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wen-Ming Luh
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prantik Kundu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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190
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Freis SM, Morrison CL, Smolker HR, Banich MT, Kaiser RH, Hewitt JK, Friedman NP. Executive Functions and Impulsivity as Transdiagnostic Correlates of Psychopathology in Childhood: A Behavioral Genetic Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:863235. [PMID: 35431847 PMCID: PMC9012075 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.863235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions (EFs) and impulsivity are dimensions of self-regulation that are both related to psychopathology. However, self-report measures of impulsivity and laboratory EF tasks typically display small correlations, and existing research indicates that impulsivity and EFs may tap separate aspects of self-regulation that independently statistically predict psychopathology in adulthood. However, relationships between EFs, impulsivity, and psychopathology may be different in childhood compared to adulthood. Here, we examine whether these patterns hold in the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) sample, a national sample of over 11,000 children (including 749 twin pairs) ages 9-10 years. We examine the phenotypic and genetic relationships among latent variables for different components of EFs and multiple facets of impulsivity. Additionally, we assess how EFs and impulsivity relate to composite measures and latent variables of psychopathology derived from parent report. EFs were weakly correlated with impulsivity, and the strength varied by impulsivity facet, emphasizing their separability. We did not identify significant genetic and environmental correlations between EFs and impulsivity. Moreover, controlling for their small relationships with each other, both EFs and some facets of impulsivity statistically predicted an Externalizing factor, attention problems, and social problems, and twin analyses suggested these relationships were genetic in origin. These findings indicate that EFs and impulsivity represent phenotypically and genetically separable aspects of self-regulation that are both transdiagnostic correlates of psychopathology in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Freis
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Claire L. Morrison
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Harry R. Smolker
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Roselinde H. Kaiser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Renee Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Naomi P. Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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191
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Badaly D, Beers SR, Ceschin R, Lee VK, Sulaiman S, Zahner A, Wallace J, Berdaa-Sahel A, Burns C, Lo CW, Panigrahy A. Cerebellar and Prefrontal Structures Associated With Executive Functioning in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Defects. Front Neurol 2022; 13:827780. [PMID: 35356449 PMCID: PMC8959311 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.827780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Children, adolescents, and young adults with congenital heart defects (CHD) often display executive dysfunction. We consider the prefrontal and cerebellar brain structures as mechanisms for executive dysfunction among those with CHD. Methods 55 participants with CHD (M age = 13.93) and 95 healthy controls (M age = 13.13) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, from which we extracted volumetric data on prefrontal and cerebellar regions. Participants also completed neuropsychological tests of executive functioning; their parents completed ratings of their executive functions. Results Compared to healthy controls, those with CHD had smaller cerebellums and lateral, medial, and orbital prefrontal regions, they performed more poorly on tests of working memory, inhibitory control, and mental flexibility, and their parents rated them as having poorer executive functions across several indices. Across both groups, there were significant correlations for cerebellar and/or prefrontal volumes with cognitive assessments of working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibitory control and with parent-completed ratings of task initiation, working memory, and planning/organization. Greater prefrontal volumes were associated with better working memory, among those with larger cerebellums (with group differences based on the measure and the prefrontal region). Greater prefrontal volumes were related to better emotional regulation only among participants with CHD with smaller cerebellar volumes, and with poorer inhibition and emotional regulation only among healthy controls with larger cerebellar volumes. Conclusion The cerebellum not only contributes to executive functioning among young individuals with CHD but may also modulate the relationships between prefrontal regions and executive functioning differently for pediatric patients with CHD vs. health controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryaneh Badaly
- Learning and Development Center, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Daryaneh Badaly
| | - Sue R. Beers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vincent K. Lee
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shahida Sulaiman
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alexandria Zahner
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Julia Wallace
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aurélia Berdaa-Sahel
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cheryl Burns
- Traumatic Brain Injury Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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192
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Shader MJ, Kwon BJ, Gordon-Salant S, Goupell MJ. Open-Set Phoneme Recognition Performance With Varied Temporal Cues in Younger and Older Cochlear Implant Users. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:1196-1211. [PMID: 35133853 PMCID: PMC9150732 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of age on phoneme recognition performance in which the stimuli varied in the amount of temporal information available in the signal. Chronological age is increasingly recognized as a factor that can limit the amount of benefit an individual can receive from a cochlear implant (CI). Central auditory temporal processing deficits in older listeners may contribute to the performance gap between younger and older CI users on recognition of phonemes varying in temporal cues. METHOD Phoneme recognition was measured at three stimulation rates (500, 900, and 1800 pulses per second) and two envelope modulation frequencies (50 Hz and unfiltered) in 20 CI participants ranging in age from 27 to 85 years. Speech stimuli were multiple word pairs differing in temporal contrasts and were presented via direct stimulation of the electrode array using an eight-channel continuous interleaved sampling strategy. Phoneme recognition performance was evaluated at each stimulation rate condition using both envelope modulation frequencies. RESULTS Duration of deafness was the strongest subject-level predictor of phoneme recognition, with participants with longer durations of deafness having poorer performance overall. Chronological age did not predict performance for any stimulus condition. Additionally, duration of deafness interacted with envelope filtering. Participants with shorter durations of deafness were able to take advantage of higher frequency envelope modulations, while participants with longer durations of deafness were not. CONCLUSIONS Age did not significantly predict phoneme recognition performance. In contrast, longer durations of deafness were associated with a reduced ability to utilize available temporal information within the signal to improve phoneme recognition performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen J. Shader
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Goupell
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park
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193
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Janky KL, Thomas M, Al-Salim S, Robinson S. Does vestibular loss result in cognitive deficits in children with cochlear implants? J Vestib Res 2022; 32:245-260. [PMID: 35275585 PMCID: PMC10141688 DOI: 10.3233/ves-201556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, vestibular loss is associated with cognitive deficits; however, similar relationships have not been studied in children. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effect of vestibular loss on working memory and executive function in children with a cochlear implant (CCI) compared to children with normal hearing (CNH). METHODS Vestibular evoked myogenic potential, video head impulse, rotary chair, and balance testing; and the following clinical measures: vision, hearing, speech perception, language, executive function, and working memory. RESULTS Thirty-eight CNH and 37 CCI participated (26 with normal vestibular function, 5 with unilateral vestibular loss, 6 with bilateral vestibular loss). Children with vestibular loss demonstrated the poorest balance performance. There was no significant reduction in working memory or executive function performance for either CCI group with vestibular loss; however, multivariate regression analysis suggested balance performance was a significant predictor for several working memory subtests and video head impulse gain was a significant predictor for one executive function outcome. CONCLUSIONS CCI with vestibular loss did not have significantly reduced working memory or executive function; however, balance performance was a significant predictor for several working memory subtests. Degree of hearing loss should be considered, and larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Janky
- Department of Audiology, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Megan Thomas
- Department of Audiology, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sarah Al-Salim
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Center for Childhood Deafness, Language and Learning, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sara Robinson
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Center for Childhood Deafness, Language and Learning, Omaha, NE, USA
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194
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Setton R, Sheldon S, Turner GR, Spreng RN. Temporal pole volume is associated with episodic autobiographical memory in healthy older adults. Hippocampus 2022; 32:373-385. [PMID: 35247210 PMCID: PMC8995350 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recollection of personal past events differs across the lifespan. Older individuals recall fewer episodic details and convey more semantic information than young. Here we examine how gray matter volumes in temporal lobe regions integral to episodic and semantic memory (hippocampus and temporal poles, respectively) are related to age differences in autobiographical recollection. Gray matter volumes were obtained in healthy young (n = 158) and old (n = 105) adults. The temporal pole was demarcated and hippocampus segmented into anterior and posterior regions to test for volume differences between age groups. The Autobiographical Interview was administered to measure episodic and semantic autobiographical memory. Volume associations with episodic and semantic autobiographical memory were then assessed. Brain volumes were smaller for older adults in the posterior hippocampus. Autobiographical memory was less episodic and more semanticized for older versus younger adults. Older adults also showed positive associations between temporal pole volumes and episodic autobiographical recall; in the young, temporal pole volume was positively associated with performance on standard laboratory measures of semantic memory. Exploratory analyses revealed that age-related episodic autobiographical memory associations with anterior hippocampal volumes depended on sex. These findings suggest that age differences in brain structures implicated in episodic and semantic memory may portend reorganization of neural circuits to support autobiographical memory in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Setton
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Signy Sheldon
- Departments of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
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195
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The hidden community architecture of human brain networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3540. [PMID: 35241755 PMCID: PMC8894465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The organizational principles of the community architecture of human brain networks are still mostly unknown. Here, we found that brain networks have a moderate degree of community segregation but are specifically organized to achieve high community overlap while maintaining their segregated community structures. These properties are distinct from other real-world complex networks. Additionally, we found that human subjects with a higher degree of community overlap in their brain networks show greater dynamic reconfiguration and cognitive flexibility.
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196
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DeVries L, Anderson S, Goupell MJ, Smith E, Gordon-Salant S. Effects of aging and hearing loss on perceptual and electrophysiological measures of pulse-rate discrimination. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:1639. [PMID: 35364956 PMCID: PMC8916844 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auditory temporal processing declines with age, leading to potential deleterious effects on communication. In young normal-hearing listeners, perceptual rate discrimination is rate limited around 300 Hz. It is not known whether this rate limitation is similar in older listeners with hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate age- and hearing-loss-related rate limitations on perceptual rate discrimination, and age- and hearing-loss-related effects on neural representation of these stimuli. Younger normal-hearing, older normal-hearing, and older hearing-impaired listeners performed a pulse-rate discrimination task at rates of 100, 200, 300, and 400 Hz. Neural phase locking was assessed using the auditory steady-state response. Finally, a battery of non-auditory cognitive tests was administered. Younger listeners had better rate discrimination, higher phase locking, and higher cognitive scores compared to both groups of older listeners. Aging, but not hearing loss, diminished neural-rate encoding and perceptual performance; however, there was no relationship between the perceptual and neural measures. Higher cognitive scores were correlated with improved perceptual performance, but not with neural phase locking. This study shows that aging, rather than hearing loss, may be a stronger contributor to poorer temporal processing, and cognitive factors such as processing speed and inhibitory control may be related to these declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay DeVries
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Samira Anderson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Matthew J Goupell
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ed Smith
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sandra Gordon-Salant
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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197
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Kiss O, Alzueta E, Yuksel D, Pohl KM, de Zambotti M, Műller-Oehring EM, Prouty D, Durley I, Pelham WE, McCabe CJ, Gonzalez MR, Brown SA, Wade NE, Marshall AT, Sowell ER, Breslin FJ, Lisdahl KM, Dick AS, Sheth CS, McCandliss BD, Guillaume M, Van Rinsveld AM, Dowling GJ, Tapert SF, Baker FC. The Pandemic's Toll on Young Adolescents: Prevention and Intervention Targets to Preserve Their Mental Health. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:387-395. [PMID: 35090817 PMCID: PMC8789404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescence is characterized by dramatic physical, social, and emotional changes, making teens particularly vulnerable to the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This longitudinal study identifies young adolescents who are most vulnerable to the psychological toll of the pandemic and provides insights to inform strategies to help adolescents cope better in times of crisis. METHODS A data-driven approach was applied to a longitudinal, demographically diverse cohort of more than 3,000 young adolescents (11-14 years) participating in the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study in the United States, including multiple prepandemic visits and three assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic (May-August 2020). We fitted machine learning models and provided a comprehensive list of predictors of psychological distress in individuals. RESULTS Positive affect, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were accurately detected with our classifiers. Female sex and prepandemic internalizing symptoms and sleep problems were strong predictors of psychological distress. Parent- and youth-reported pandemic-related psychosocial factors, including poorer quality and functioning of family relationships, more screen time, and witnessing discrimination in relation to the pandemic further predicted youth distress. However, better social support, regular physical activities, coping strategies, and healthy behaviors predicted better emotional well-being. DISCUSSION Findings highlight the importance of social connectedness and healthy behaviors, such as sleep and physical activity, as buffering factors against the deleterious effects of the pandemic on adolescents' mental health. They also point to the need for greater attention toward coping strategies that help the most vulnerable adolescents, particularly girls and those with prepandemic psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Elisabet Alzueta
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Dilara Yuksel
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Eva M. Műller-Oehring
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Ingrid Durley
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - William E. Pelham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Connor J. McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marybel R. Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Natasha E. Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | - Krista M. Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony S. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Chandni S. Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Mathieu Guillaume
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California,Address correspondence to: Fiona C. Baker, Ph.D., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025
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198
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Fritz K, O'Connor PJ. Effects of a 6 Week Yoga Intervention on Executive Functioning in Women Screening Positive for Adult ADHD: A Pilot Study. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:746409. [PMID: 35280225 PMCID: PMC8908201 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.746409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Little is known about the effects of yoga training in adults with ADHD symptoms. This pilot study sought to determine the feasibility and selected psychological effects of 6 weeks of yoga training in women screening positive for adult ADHD compared to a wait-list control group. Methods A randomized trial was conducted with 32 adult women (18–24 years) who volunteered after screening positive for adult ADHD as assessed by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Participants were randomized to 6 weeks of Bikram yoga training or to a wait-list control group. The yoga intervention consisted of two 90-min classes per week. Multilevel models were used to test hypothesized interactions of yoga-induced improvements compared to controls across time (baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks). The primary outcomes assessed inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory using the NIH Toolbox. Separate models with trait mindfulness, trait anxiety and expectations for change in either attention or working memory as covariates tested whether these variables mediated the changes in the three measures of executive function. Secondary outcomes included mood, perceived functional impairment and motivation for, and hyperactivity during, the cognitive tests. Results No adverse events were observed. Attendance averaged 91.7% among the 69% of the sample that did not dropout. No significant Group X Time interactions were found for any of the psychological outcomes and the null executive function findings were unchanged when including the covariates. Conclusion Six-weeks of yoga training twice per week is potentially feasible for women experiencing ADHD symptoms, but an exercise stimulus of this duration and magnitude yields no beneficial cognitive or mood outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Fritz
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kathryn Fritz
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199
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Dhamala E, Jamison KW, Jaywant A, Kuceyeski A. Shared functional connections within and between cortical networks predict cognitive abilities in adult males and females. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:1087-1102. [PMID: 34811849 PMCID: PMC8764478 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of sex-independent and sex-specific neurobiological features that underlie cognitive abilities in healthy individuals is essential for the study of neurological illnesses in which males and females differentially experience and exhibit cognitive impairment. Here, we evaluate sex-independent and sex-specific relationships between functional connectivity and individual cognitive abilities in 392 healthy young adults (196 males) from the Human Connectome Project. First, we establish that sex-independent models comparably predict crystallised abilities in males and females, but only successfully predict fluid abilities in males. Second, we demonstrate sex-specific models comparably predict crystallised abilities within and between sexes, and generally fail to predict fluid abilities in either sex. Third, we reveal that largely overlapping connections between visual, dorsal attention, ventral attention, and temporal parietal networks are associated with better performance on crystallised and fluid cognitive tests in males and females, while connections within visual, somatomotor, and temporal parietal networks are associated with poorer performance. Together, our findings suggest that shared neurobiological features of the functional connectome underlie crystallised and fluid abilities across the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvisha Dhamala
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Present address:
Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Keith W. Jamison
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Abhishek Jaywant
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- NewYork‐Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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200
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Howard CM, Jain S, Cook AD, Packard LE, Mullin HA, Chen N, Liu C, Song AW, Madden DJ. Cortical iron mediates age-related decline in fluid cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:1047-1060. [PMID: 34854172 PMCID: PMC8764476 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain iron dyshomeostasis disrupts various critical cellular functions, and age-related iron accumulation may contribute to deficient neurotransmission and cell death. While recent studies have linked excessive brain iron to cognitive function in the context of neurodegenerative disease, little is known regarding the role of brain iron accumulation in cognitive aging in healthy adults. Further, previous studies have focused primarily on deep gray matter regions, where the level of iron deposition is highest. However, recent evidence suggests that cortical iron may also contribute to cognitive deficit and neurodegenerative disease. Here, we used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to measure brain iron in 67 healthy participants 18-78 years of age. Speed-dependent (fluid) cognition was assessed from a battery of 12 psychometric and computer-based tests. From voxelwise QSM analyses, we found that QSM susceptibility values were negatively associated with fluid cognition in the right inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral putamen, posterior cingulate gyrus, motor, and premotor cortices. Mediation analysis indicated that susceptibility in the right inferior temporal gyrus was a significant mediator of the relation between age and fluid cognition, and similar effects were evident for the left inferior temporal gyrus at a lower statistical threshold. Additionally, age and right inferior temporal gyrus susceptibility interacted to predict fluid cognition, such that brain iron was negatively associated with a cognitive decline for adults over 45 years of age. These findings suggest that iron may have a mediating role in cognitive decline and may be an early biomarker of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney M. Howard
- Center for Cognitive NeuroscienceDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shivangi Jain
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Angela D. Cook
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lauren E. Packard
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Hollie A. Mullin
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nan‐kuei Chen
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Allen W. Song
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - David J. Madden
- Center for Cognitive NeuroscienceDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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