151
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Choi HY, Ruel I, Genest J. Identification of Docetaxel as a Potential Drug to Promote HDL Biogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679456. [PMID: 34093205 PMCID: PMC8176524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our recent studies showed that desmocollin 1 (DSC1) binds to apoA-I in order to inhibit apoA-I-mediated high density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques. To promote HDL biogenesis in the plaque, here we search for small molecules that block apoA-I-DSC1 interactions. Approach and Results: We combined mutational and computational mapping methods to show that amino acid residues 442-539 in the mature DSC1 protein form an apoA-I binding site (AIBS). Using a crystal structure of the AIBS, we carried out virtual screening of 10 million small molecules to estimate their binding affinities to the AIBS, followed by the selection of 51 high-affinity binding molecules as potential inhibitors of apoA-I-DSC1 interactions. Among the 51, the chemotherapy drug docetaxel showed the highest potency in promoting apoA-I-mediated HDL biogenesis in primary human skin fibroblasts with the half-maximal effective concentration of 0.72 nM. In silico docking studies suggest that the taxane ring in docetaxel binds to the AIBS and that the carbon-13 sidechain of the taxane tightens/stabilizes the binding. The HDL biogenic effect of docetaxel was also observed in two predominant cell types in atherosclerosis, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Importantly, docetaxel promoted HDL biogenesis at concentrations much lower than those required for inducing cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Determination of the AIBS in DSC1 and AIBS structure-based virtual screening allowed us to identify docetaxel as a strong HDL biogenic agent. With the remarkable potency in promoting HDL biogenesis, a chemotherapy drug docetaxel may be repurposed to enhance atheroprotective HDL functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Y Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ruel
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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152
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Fouad MA, Zaki MY, Lotfy RA, Mahmoud WR. Insight on a new indolinone derivative as an orally bioavailable lead compound against renal cell carcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104985. [PMID: 34020239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 3-indolinone-thiazolidinones and oxazolidinones 4a-k was synthesized via molecular hybridization approach and sequentially evaluated to explore its cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxicity screening pointed toward the N-cyclohexyl thiazolidinone derivative 4f that revealed promising renal cytotoxicity against CAKI-1 and UO-31 renal cancer cell lines with IC50 values 4.74 and 3.99 µM, respectively, which were comparable to those of sunitinib along with good safety threshold against normal renal cells. Further emphasis on compound 4f renal cytotoxicity was achieved via different enzyme assays and CAKI-1 and UO-31 cell cycle analysis. The results were supported by in silico studies to explore its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties. Finally, compound 4f was subjected to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study through two different routes of administration showing excellent oral bioavailability. This research represents compound 4f as a promising candidate against renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mayssoune Y Zaki
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Raghda A Lotfy
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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153
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Tipatet KS, Davison-Gates L, Tewes TJ, Fiagbedzi EK, Elfick A, Neu B, Downes A. Detection of acquired radioresistance in breast cancer cell lines using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. Analyst 2021; 146:3709-3716. [PMID: 33969839 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radioresistance-a living cell's response to, and development of resistance to ionising radiation-can lead to radiotherapy failure and/or tumour recurrence. We used Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to characterise biochemical changes that occur in acquired radioresistance for breast cancer cells. We were able to distinguish between wild-type and acquired radioresistant cells by changes in chemical composition using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning with 100% accuracy. In studying both hormone receptor positive and negative cells, we found similar changes in chemical composition that occur with the development of acquired radioresistance; these radioresistant cells contained less lipids and proteins compared to their parental counterparts. As well as characterising acquired radioresistance in vitro, this approach has the potential to be translated into a clinical setting, to look for Raman signals of radioresistance in tumours or biopsies; that would lead to tailored clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Saruni Tipatet
- Institute for BioEngineering, University of Edinburgh, UK. and Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Johann Tewes
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve, Germany
| | | | | | - Björn Neu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve, Germany
| | - Andrew Downes
- Institute for BioEngineering, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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154
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Open-Air Cold Plasma Device Leads to Selective Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for effective and safe therapies for cancer is growing as aging is modifying its epidemiology. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has gained attention as a potential anti-tumor therapy. CAP is a gas with enough energy to ionize a significant fraction of its constituent particles, forming equal numbers of positive ions and electrons. Timely-resolved output voltage measurement, emission spectroscopy, and quantification of reactive species (RS) in plasma-activated media (PAM) were performed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of plasma. To assess the cytotoxicity of cold atmospheric plasma in human tumors, different cell lines were cultured, plated, and exposed to CAP, followed by MTT and SRB colorimetric assays 24 h later. Human fibroblasts, phenotypically normal cells, were processed similarly. Plasma cytotoxicity was higher in cells of breast cancer, urinary bladder cancer, osteosarcoma, lung cancer, melanoma, and endometrial cancer. Cytotoxicity was time-dependent and possibly related to the increased production of hydrogen peroxide in the exposed medium. Sixty seconds of CAP exposure renders selective effects, preserving the viability of fibroblast cells. These results point to the importance of conducting further studies of the therapy with plasma.
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155
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Wang G, Jing W, Bi Y, Li Y, Ma L, Yang H, Zhang Y. Neutrophil Elastase Induces Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Facilitates the Occurrence of Osteoarthritis via Caspase Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:666162. [PMID: 33935789 PMCID: PMC8080035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.666162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common and prevalent chronic joint disorders in the elderly population across the globe, resulting in severe disability and impairment of quality of life. Existing treatment can only alleviate the symptoms and delay the progression of OA. Therefore, novel and effective therapeutics strategies for OA need to be developed. Our present study first found that neutrophil elastase (NE) was significantly increased in OA patients’ synovial fluid. Next, we examined the effect of neutrophil elastase (NE) on chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that NE suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and prevented cell migration in chondrocytes in vitro, accompanied by the elevation of intracellular ROS and calcium level. Moreover, NE enhanced the cleaved caspase-3 levels and disrupted the mitochondrial transmembrane potential balance. Meanwhile, chondrocytes apoptosis induced by NE can be alleviated by caspase inhibitor, zVAD-FMK and antioxidants, GSH. Besides, treatment of sivelestat, the inhibitor of NE, significantly reduced the pathological processes in OA model rats in vivo. The results of our study suggested that NE is an important factor in OA, which induces chondrocyte apoptosis and facilitates the occurrence of OA via caspase signaling pathway, and targeting the crucial signal centering around NE may be the potential therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiqiang Jing
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxuan Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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156
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Kabwe M, Meehan-Andrews T, Ku H, Petrovski S, Batinovic S, Chan HT, Tucci J. Lytic Bacteriophage EFA1 Modulates HCT116 Colon Cancer Cell Growth and Upregulates ROS Production in an Enterococcus faecalis Co-culture System. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:650849. [PMID: 33868210 PMCID: PMC8044584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.650849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen in the gut microbiota that’s associated with a range of difficult to treat nosocomial infections. It is also known to be associated with some colorectal cancers. Its resistance to a range of antibiotics and capacity to form biofilms increase its virulence. Unlike antibiotics, bacteriophages are capable of disrupting biofilms which are key in the pathogenesis of diseases such as UTIs and some cancers. In this study, bacteriophage EFA1, lytic against E. faecalis, was isolated and its genome fully sequenced and analyzed in silico. Electron microscopy images revealed EFA1 to be a Siphovirus. The bacteriophage was functionally assessed and shown to disrupt E. faecalis biofilms as well as modulate the growth stimulatory effects of E. faecalis in a HCT116 colon cancer cell co-culture system, possibly via the effects of ROS. The potential exists for further testing of bacteriophage EFA1 in these systems as well as in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwila Kabwe
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Terri Meehan-Andrews
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Heng Ku
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Batinovic
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
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157
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Jablonská E, Horkavcová D, Rohanová D, Brauer DS. A review of in vitro cell culture testing methods for bioactive glasses and other biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:10941-10953. [PMID: 33169773 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are used to regenerate bone by a mechanism which involves surface degradation, the release of ions such as calcium, soluble silica and phosphate and the precipitation of a biomimetic apatite surface layer on the glass. One major area of bioactive glass research is the incorporation of therapeutically active ions to broaden the application range of these materials. When developing such new compositions, in vitro cell culture studies are a key part of their characterisation. However, parameters of cell culture studies vary widely, and depending on the intended use of bioactive glass compositions, different layouts, cell types and assays need to be used. The aim of this publication is to provide materials scientists, particularly those new to cell culture studies, with a tool for selecting the most appropriate assays to give insight into the properties of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jablonská
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Diana Horkavcová
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Glasses, Department of Glass and Ceramics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Rohanová
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Glasses, Department of Glass and Ceramics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Delia S Brauer
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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158
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Navarro-Peñaloza R, Vázquez-Palma AB, López-Sandoval H, Sánchez-Bartéz F, Gracia-Mora I, Barba-Behrens N. Coordination compounds with heterocyclic ester derivatives. Structural characterization and anti-proliferative activity. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111432. [PMID: 33873052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of new coordination compounds of cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) with heterocyclic ester derivatives (ethyl 4-methyl-5-imidazole-carboxylate (emizco), 1-(2-(phenylsulphonyl)ethyl)-4-imidazole carboxylate (semizco)) and methyl 5-(propylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (albendazole, abz) were synthesized. They were fully characterized by different techniques such as IR, UV-Vis-NIR, elemental analysis, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. Additionally, X-ray crystal structures of semizco and its [Co(semizco)2Cl2]·2CH3CN 10, [Co(smmizco)2Br2]·2CH3CN 11 and [Cu(semizco)2Br2] 15 coordination compounds are analyzed. These compounds present lone pair SO⋯π interactions between the sulfone and the imidazolic ring. These ligands showed three coordination modes: monodentate, through an imidazolic nitrogen atom, or a bidentate chelating mode by a nitrogen and an oxygen atom from the ester group. The different coordination modes and the number of coordinated ligands gave rise to tetrahedral and octahedral compounds, or for [Cu(semizco)(μ-Br)Br]n·0.5H2O 7 a square base pyramidal geometry. A cytotoxic study was carried out with the free ligands and their copper(II) and zinc(II) halide coordination compounds on HeLa (cervix-uterine), MCF-7 (breast), HCT-15 (colon), PC3 (prostate) human carcinoma cell lines and L929 mouse fibroblast (healthy cells). A TUNEL assay (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) was performed with the most active copper(II) compounds to determine if cell death was by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí Navarro-Peñaloza
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana B Vázquez-Palma
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Horacio López-Sandoval
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bartéz
- Unidad de Investigación Preclínica (UNIPREC), Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Gracia-Mora
- Unidad de Investigación Preclínica (UNIPREC), Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Norah Barba-Behrens
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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159
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Fekri A, Keshk EM, Khalil AGM, Taha I. Synthesis of novel antioxidant and antitumor 5-aminopyrazole derivatives, 2D/3D QSAR, and molecular docking. Mol Divers 2021; 26:781-800. [PMID: 33683569 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminopyrazole serves as a vital precursor for several biologically active pyrazoloazines, including pyrazolopyridine, pyrazolopyrimidine, and pyrazolotriazine, as well as Schiff bases, thiourea, and phthalimide derivatives. In this study, we structurally characterized novel pyrazole derivatives by spectral IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and MASS spectroscopy. We also evaluated antioxidant activity of various derivatives using ABTS and DPPH methods and cytotoxicity in the hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cells by SRB assay. The most potent antitumor molecules were 5-aminopyrazole derivative 3, chloroacetanilide derivative 8, maleimide derivative 10a, pyrazolopyrimidine 16, and enamine 19, with IC50 values of 41, 3.6, 37, 24.4, and 17.7 μM, respectively. Complementary computational studies predicted QSAR and bioactivity of these molecules. Interestingly, the most effective compounds were also predicted to be kinase inhibitors; in addition, molecular docking with liver receptors (3MBG, 4XCU, and 4G9C) predicted promising interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fekri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 25 El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Eman M Keshk
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 25 El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Galil M Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 25 El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
| | - Israa Taha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 25 El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, 35516, Egypt
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160
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Muoio MG, Talia M, Lappano R, Sims AH, Vella V, Cirillo F, Manzella L, Giuliano M, Maggiolini M, Belfiore A, De Francesco EM. Activation of the S100A7/RAGE Pathway by IGF-1 Contributes to Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040621. [PMID: 33557316 PMCID: PMC7915817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer mortality is increased in patients affected by metabolic disorders associated with dysregulation of the Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis, like obesity and type-2 diabetes. Despite the oncogenic role of this complex signaling system is widely known, the clinical targeting of IGF-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R) has provided valuable benefit only on small sub-populations of cancer patients, thus suggesting that a further characterization of the biological effects of the IGF-1/IGF-1R pathway could pave the way for a better manipulation of this crucial signaling system at the clinical level. In this study, we have identified the protein S100A7 as novel molecular target of IGF-1 action in the breast tumor microenvironment, toward increased cancer-associated angiogenesis. Targeting the IGF-1/IGF-1R/S100A7 pathway may therefore represent a further useful approach for blocking disease progression in breast cancer patients with dysregulated IGF-1 signaling. Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) mortality is increased among obese and diabetic patients. Both obesity and diabetes are associated with dysregulation of both the IGF-1R and the RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products) pathways, which contribute to complications of these disorders. The alarmin S100A7, signaling through the receptor RAGE, prompts angiogenesis, inflammation, and BC progression. Methods: We performed bioinformatic analysis of BC gene expression datasets from published studies. We then used Estrogen Receptor (ER)-positive BC cells, CRISPR-mediated IGF-1R KO BC cells, and isogenic S100A7-transduced BC cells to investigate the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R in the regulation of S100A7 expression and tumor angiogenesis. To this aim, we also used gene silencing and pharmacological inhibitors, and we performed gene expression and promoter studies, western blotting analysis, ChIP and ELISA assays, endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation assay. Results: S100A7 expression correlates with worse prognostic outcomes in human BCs. In BC cells, the IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling engages STAT3 activation and its recruitment to the S100A7 promoter toward S100A7 increase. In human vascular endothelial cells, S100A7 activates RAGE signaling and prompts angiogenic effects. Conclusions: In ER-positive BCs the IGF-1 dependent activation of the S100A7/RAGE signaling in adjacent endothelial cells may serve as a previously unidentified angiocrine effector. Targeting S100A7 may pave the way for a better control of BC, particularly in conditions of unopposed activation of the IGF-1/IGF-1R axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Muoio
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania,
Italy; (M.G.M.); (V.V.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrew H. Sims
- Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| | - Veronica Vella
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania,
Italy; (M.G.M.); (V.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Livia Manzella
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95122 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Marika Giuliano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania,
Italy; (M.G.M.); (V.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.T.); (R.L.); (F.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania,
Italy; (M.G.M.); (V.V.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (E.M.D.F.); Tel.: 39-095-7598-700 (A.B.); +39-095-7598-831 (E.M.D.F.)
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania,
Italy; (M.G.M.); (V.V.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (E.M.D.F.); Tel.: 39-095-7598-700 (A.B.); +39-095-7598-831 (E.M.D.F.)
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161
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Al-Sanea MM, Obaidullah AJ, Shaker ME, Chilingaryan G, Alanazi MM, Alsaif NA, Alkahtani HM, Alsubaie SA, Abdelgawad MA. A New CDK2 Inhibitor with 3-Hydrazonoindolin-2-One Scaffold Endowed with Anti-Breast Cancer Activity: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Insights. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020412. [PMID: 33466812 PMCID: PMC7830330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate mammalian cell cycle progression and RNA transcription. Based on the structural analysis of previously reported CDK2 inhibitors, a new compound with 3-hydrazonoindolin-2-one scaffold (HI 5) was well designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as a promising anti-breast cancer hit compound. Methods: The potential anti-cancerous effect of HI 5 was evaluated using cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle distribution, ELISA immunoassay, in vitro CDK2/cyclin A2 activity, and molecular operating environment (MOE) virtual docking studies. Results: The results revealed that HI 5 exhibits pronounced CDK2 inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. The cytotoxicity of HI 5 was found to be intrinsically mediated apoptosis, which in turn, is associated with low Bcl-2 expression and high activation of caspase 3 and p53. Besides, HI 5 blocked the proliferation of the MCF-7 cell line and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The docking studies did not confirm which one of geometric isomers (syn and anti) is responsible for binding affinity and intrinsic activity of HI 5. However, the molecular dynamic studies have confirmed that the syn-isomer has more favorable binding interaction and thus is responsible for CDK2 inhibitory activity. Discussion: These findings displayed a substantial basis of synthesizing further derivatives based on the 3-hydrazonoindolin-2-one scaffold for favorable targeting of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.-S.); (A.J.O.); Tel.: +966-594076460 (M.M.A.-S.)
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.-S.); (A.J.O.); Tel.: +966-594076460 (M.M.A.-S.)
| | - Mohamed E. Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Garri Chilingaryan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian University, Yerevan 0051, Armenia;
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sultan A. Alsubaie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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162
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Rossi F, Magni G, Tatini F, Banchelli M, Cherchi F, Rossi M, Coppi E, Pugliese AM, Rossi degl’Innocenti D, Alfieri D, Pavone FS, Pini R, Matteini P. Photobiomodulation of Human Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes with Blue Light: Implications in Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2021; 9:41. [PMID: 33466557 PMCID: PMC7824830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been recognized as a physical therapy in wound management. Despite several published research papers, the mechanism underlying photobiomodulation is still not completely understood. The investigation about application of blue light to improve wound healing is a relatively new research area. Tests in selected patients evidenced a stimulation of the healing process in superficial and chronic wounds treated with a blue LED light emitting at 420 nm; a study in animal model pointed out a faster healing process in superficial wound, with an important role of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Here, we present a study aiming at evidencing the effects of blue light on the proliferation and metabolism in fibroblasts from healthy skin and keratinocytes. Different light doses (3.43, 6.87, 13.7, 20.6, 30.9 and 41.2 J/cm2) were used to treat the cells, evidencing inhibitory and stimulatory effects following a biphasic dose behavior. Electrophysiology was used to investigate the effects on membrane currents: healthy fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed no significant differences between treated and not treated cells. Raman spectroscopy revealed the mitochondrial Cytochrome C (Cyt C) oxidase dependence on blue light irradiation: a significant decrease in peak intensity of healthy fibroblast was evidenced, while it is less pronounced in keratinocytes. In conclusion, we observed that the blue LED light can be used to modulate metabolism and proliferation of human fibroblasts, and the effects in wound healing are particularly evident when studying the fibroblasts and keratinocytes co-cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rossi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IFAC), 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.R.); (F.T.); (M.R.); (R.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Giada Magni
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IFAC), 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.R.); (F.T.); (M.R.); (R.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesca Tatini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IFAC), 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.R.); (F.T.); (M.R.); (R.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Martina Banchelli
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IFAC), 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.R.); (F.T.); (M.R.); (R.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Michele Rossi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IFAC), 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.R.); (F.T.); (M.R.); (R.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (E.C.)
| | | | - Domenico Alfieri
- EmoLED s.r.l., Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (D.R.d.); (D.A.)
| | - Francesco S. Pavone
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy;
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Florence, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Pini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IFAC), 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.R.); (F.T.); (M.R.); (R.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IFAC), 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.R.); (F.T.); (M.R.); (R.P.); (P.M.)
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163
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El-Behairy MF, Ahmed RM, Fayed MAA, Mowafy S, Abdallah IA. Insights into flibanserin oxidative stress degradation pathway: in silico – in vitro toxicity assessment of its degradates. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05548d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the degradation products of pharmaceutical drugs is essential to assess their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. El-Behairy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Sadat City
- Sadat City 32897
- Egypt
| | - Rasha M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Misr International University
- Cairo 11341
- Egypt
| | - Marwa A. A. Fayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Sadat City
- Sadat City 32897
- Egypt
| | - Samar Mowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Misr International University
- Cairo 11341
- Egypt
| | - Inas A. Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Sadat City
- Sadat City 32897
- Egypt
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164
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Batzorig U, Wei PL, Wang W, Huang CY, Chang YJ. Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 Mediates the Proliferation and Metastasis through the Regulation of ETV1 and MAPK Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2251-2261. [PMID: 33967600 PMCID: PMC8100635 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.56024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health problem. Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is known as an important endoplasmic reticulum-stress response protein that shows correlation with aggressive cancer behavior. However, the role of GRP94 in CRC is still unclear. Our results showed that silencing GRP94 (GRP94-KD) reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells and suppressed tumorigenesis in the xenograft mouse model. Rescue assay showed that ETV1 overexpression reversed the effect of GRP94 on cell proliferation and migration. In the molecular mechanism, we found that knockdown of GRP94 inhibited the level of MAPK pathway, including ERK/p-ERK, JNK/p-JNK, and p38/p-p38 signals. Cyclooxygenase-2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation biomarkers, such as N-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin were suppressed in GRP94 knockdown cells. Treatment of specific inhibitors of MAPK pathway showed that ERK/p-ERK, and p38/p-p38 inhibitors significantly influenced ETV1 expression as compared to JNK/p-JNK inhibitor. Our results indicated that silencing GRP94 repressed the ability of EMT process, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and CRC tumorigenesis. Therefore, GRP94 may play an important role in CRC by regulating ETV1 and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyanga Batzorig
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Weu Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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165
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Wei PL, Hung CS, Lu HH, Batzorig U, Huang CY, Chang YJ. Areca nut extract (ANE) inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activation of ROS production and activation of autophagy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3452-3462. [PMID: 34522171 PMCID: PMC8436086 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide health problem. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for HCC patients. Chewing areca nut is closely associated with oral cancer and liver cirrhosis. The therapeutic effect of areca nut extract (ANE) on HCC is unknown. Our results revealed that ANE treatment caused a reduction in cell viability and an increase in cell apoptosis and suppressed tumor progression in xenograft models. ANE-treated didn't induce liver tumor in nude mice. For mechanism dissection, ANE treatment caused ROS-mediated autophagy and lysosome formation. Pretreatment with an ROS inhibitor, aminoguanidine hemisulfate (AGH), abolished ANE-induced ROS production. ANE treated cells caused an increase in light chain 3 (LC3)-I to -II conversion, anti-thymocyte globulin 5+12 (ATG5+12), and beclin levels, and apoptosis related-protein changes (an increases in BAX, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), and a decrease in the Bcl-2 level). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the ANE may be a new potential compound for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Li Wei
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Hung
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Uyanga Batzorig
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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166
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Experimental Study on Blue Light Interaction with Human Keloid-Derived Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120573. [PMID: 33291338 PMCID: PMC7762279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are an exuberant response to wound healing, characterized by an exaggerated synthesis of collagen, probably due to the increase of fibroblasts activity and to the reduction of their apoptosis rate: currently no standard treatments or pharmacological therapies are able to prevent keloid recurrence. To reach this goal, in recent years some physical treatments have been proposed, and among them the PhotoBioModulation therapy (PBM). This work analyses the effects of a blue LED light irradiation (410-430 nm, 0.69 W/cm2 power density) on human fibroblasts, isolated from both keloids and perilesional tissues. Different light doses (3.43-6.87-13.7-20.6-30.9 and 41.2 J/cm2) were tested. Biochemical assays and specific staining were used to assess cell metabolism, proliferation and viability. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to explore direct effects of the blue LED light on the Cytochrome C (Cyt C) oxidase. We also investigated the effects of the irradiation on ionic membrane currents by patch-clamp recordings. Our results showed that the blue LED light can modulate cell metabolism and proliferation, with a dose-dependent behavior and that these effects persist at least till 48 h after treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the highest fluence value can reduce cell viability 24 h after irradiation in keloid-derived fibroblasts, while the same effect is observed 48 h after treatment in perilesional fibroblasts. Electrophysiological recordings showed that the medium dose (20.6 J/cm2) of blue LED light induces an enhancement of voltage-dependent outward currents elicited by a depolarizing ramp protocol. Overall, these data demonstrate the potentials that PBM shows as an innovative and minimally-invasive approach in the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids, in association with current treatments.
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167
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Kumar R, Bansal P, Singh J, Dhanda S. Purification, partial structural characterization and health benefits of exopolysaccharides from potential probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici NCDC 252. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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168
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Puckett D, Alquraishi M, Alani DS, Chahed S, Frankel VD, Donohoe D, Voy B, Whelan J, Bettaieb A. Zyflamend, a unique herbal blend, induces cell death and inhibits adipogenesis through the coordinated regulation of PKA and JNK. Adipocyte 2020; 9:454-471. [PMID: 32779962 PMCID: PMC7469463 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1803642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities has sparked a worldwide concern to address rates of adipose tissue accrual. Recent studies have demonstrated a novel role of Zyflamend, a blend of natural herbal extracts, in regulating lipid metabolism in several cancer cell lines through the activation of the AMPK signalling pathway. Yet, the role of Zyflamend in adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism remains largely unexplored. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Zyflamend on white 3T3-MBX pre-adipocyte differentiation and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. We demonstrate that Zyflamend treatment altered cell cycle progression, attenuated proliferation, and increased cell death of 3T3-MBX pre-adipocytes. In addition, treatment with Zyflamend inhibited lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-MBX cells, consistent with decreased expression of lipogenic genes and increased lipolysis. Mechanistically, Zyflamend-induced alterations in adipogenesis were mediated, at least in part, through the activation of AMPK, PKA, and JNK. Inhibition of AMPK partially reversed Zyflamend-induced inhibition of differentiation, whereas the inhibition of either JNK or PKA fully restored adipocyte differentiation and decreased lipolysis. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that Zyflamend, as a novel anti-adipogenic bioactive mix, inhibits adipocyte differentiation through the activation of the PKA and JNK pathways. Abbreviation: 7-AAD: 7-amino-actinomycin D; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AKT: protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATGL: adipose triglyceride lipase; C/EBPα: CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha; DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulphoxide; DTT: dithiothreitol; EGTA: ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid; ERK: extracellular signal–regulated kinases; FASN: fatty acid synthase; FBS: foetal bovine serum; GLUT: glucose transporter; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IR: insulin receptor; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; JNK: c-JUN N-terminal kinase; MGL: monoacylglycerol lipase; NaF: sodium fluoride; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PBS: phosphate buffered- saline; PCB: pyruvate carboxylase; PDE: phosphodiesterase; PKA: protein kinase cAMP-dependent; PMSF: phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; PPARγ: perilipin peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PREF-1: pre-adipocyte factor 1; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride; RIPA: radio-immunoprecipitation assay; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SEM: standard error of the mean; SOX9: suppressor of cytokine signalling 9; TGs: triacylglycerols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter Puckett
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dina S. Alani
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Samah Chahed
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Victoria D. Frankel
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dallas Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Brynn Voy
- Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jay Whelan
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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169
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Qiu D, Wilson MS, Eisenbeis VB, Harmel RK, Riemer E, Haas TM, Wittwer C, Jork N, Gu C, Shears SB, Schaaf G, Kammerer B, Fiedler D, Saiardi A, Jessen HJ. Analysis of inositol phosphate metabolism by capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6035. [PMID: 33247133 PMCID: PMC7695695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of myo-inositol phosphates (InsPs) and myo-inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) is a daunting challenge due to the large number of possible isomers, the absence of a chromophore, the high charge density, the low abundance, and the instability of the esters and anhydrides. Given their importance in biology, an analytical approach to follow and understand this complex signaling hub is desirable. Here, capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is implemented to analyze complex mixtures of InsPs and PP-InsPs with high sensitivity. Stable isotope labeled (SIL) internal standards allow for matrix-independent quantitative assignment. The method is validated in wild-type and knockout mammalian cell lines and in model organisms. SIL-CE-ESI-MS enables the accurate monitoring of InsPs and PP-InsPs arising from compartmentalized cellular synthesis pathways, by feeding cells with either [13C6]-myo-inositol or [13C6]-D-glucose. In doing so, we provide evidence for the existence of unknown inositol synthesis pathways in mammals, highlighting the potential of this method to dissect inositol phosphate metabolism and signalling. Myo-Inositol phosphates (InsPs) and pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are important second messengers but their analysis remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantitation of InsP and PP-InsP isomers in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danye Qiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Miranda S Wilson
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Verena B Eisenbeis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert K Harmel
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Riemer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas M Haas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Wittwer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Jork
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chunfang Gu
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Stephen B Shears
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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170
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Bosica G, Demanuele K, Padrón JM, Puerta A. One-pot multicomponent green Hantzsch synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives with antiproliferative activity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2862-2869. [PMID: 33299484 PMCID: PMC7705860 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid route for obtaining unsymmetrical 1,2-dihydropyridines (1,2-DHPs) as opposed to 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) has been achieved via a one-pot multicomponent Hantzsch reaction. A benign protocol has been developed for the preparation of various 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives using heterogenized phosphotungstic acid on alumina support (40 wt %). High yields of over 75% have been accomplished in just 2-3.5 h after screening several heterogeneous catalysts and investigating the optimal reaction conditions. The catalyst chosen has passed the heterogeneity test and was shown to have the potential of being reused for up to 8 consecutive cycles before having a significant loss in activity. In addition, aromatic aldehydes gave the aforementioned regioisomer while the classical 1,4-DHPs were obtained when carrying out the reaction using aliphatic aldehydes. The preliminary study of the antiproliferative activity against human solid tumor cells demonstrated that 1,2-DHPs could inhibit cancer cell growth in the low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Bosica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080 Malta
| | - Kaylie Demanuele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080 Malta
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
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171
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Law JWF, Law LNS, Letchumanan V, Tan LTH, Wong SH, Chan KG, Ab Mutalib NS, Lee LH. Anticancer Drug Discovery from Microbial Sources: The Unique Mangrove Streptomycetes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5365. [PMID: 33212836 PMCID: PMC7698459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide cancer incidence and mortality have always been a concern to the community. The cancer mortality rate has generally declined over the years; however, there is still an increased mortality rate in poorer countries that receives considerable attention from healthcare professionals. This suggested the importance of the prompt detection, effective treatment, and prevention strategies. The genus Streptomyces has been documented as a prolific producer of biologically active secondary metabolites. Streptomycetes from mangrove environments attract researchers' attention due to their ability to synthesize diverse, interesting bioactive metabolites. The present review highlights research on mangrove-derived streptomycetes and the production of anticancer-related compounds from these microorganisms. Research studies conducted between 2008 and 2019, specifically mentioning the isolation of streptomycetes from mangrove areas and described the successful purification of compound(s) or generation of crude extracts with cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, were compiled in this review. It is anticipated that there will be an increase in prospects for mangrove-derived streptomycetes as one of the natural resources for the isolation of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Woan-Fei Law
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (J.W.-F.L.); (V.L.); (L.T.-H.T.)
| | - Lydia Ngiik-Shiew Law
- Monash Credentialed Pharmacy Clinical Educator, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia;
| | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (J.W.-F.L.); (V.L.); (L.T.-H.T.)
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (J.W.-F.L.); (V.L.); (L.T.-H.T.)
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (J.W.-F.L.); (V.L.); (L.T.-H.T.)
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172
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Pillai K, Mekkawy AH, Akhter J, Badar S, Dong L, Liu AI, Morris DL. Enhancing the potency of chemotherapeutic agents by combination with bromelain and N-acetylcysteine - an in vitro study with pancreatic and hepatic cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:7404-7419. [PMID: 33312377 PMCID: PMC7724355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current systemic dosages of chemotherapeutic drugs such as gemcitabine, 5-FU, cisplatin, doxorubicin are administered every 7 days over 4 cycles due to systemic toxicity. An increase in potency of the drugs will result in dosage reduction with more frequent administration and efficacy increase. Hence, we investigated how the drugs potency can be increased by combining with bromelain and N-acetylcysteine. Tumour cells (5,000/well) were seeded into a 96 well plate and treated 24 hrs later with either single agents or in combinations at various concentrations. Cell survival was assessed by the sulforhodamine B assay after 72 hours of exposure. LD 50 was determined for each treatment and the Combination Index (CI) was assessed to determine synergy using Tallarida's method. CI indicated that synergy was dependent on the concentration of the agents used and was cell line specific. For bromelain and N-acetylcysteine, certain ratio of the two agents gave very good synergy that was prevalent in almost all cell lines. Gemcitabine and 5-FU and doxorubicin reacted favourably with most concentrations of bromelain and NAC investigated. Cisplatin and oxaliplatin were not very compatible with NAC. A value of CI <0.5 indicated that the current clinical chemotherapeutic dosage can be dramatically reduced. Bromelain with NAC showed synergy in all tumour cell lines and acting synergistically with chemotherapeutic drugs. Synergistic combinations resulting in considerable dosage reduction of chemotherapeutic agents may enable more frequent treatment with higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Pillai
- Department of Surgery, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmed H Mekkawy
- Department of Surgery, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Javed Akhter
- Department of Surgery, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Samina Badar
- Department of Surgery, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Lillian Dong
- University of New South Wales, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Ilin Liu
- University of New South Wales, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - David Lawson Morris
- Department of Surgery, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, St. George HospitalKogarah, NSW, Australia
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173
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Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation against SH-SY5Y Cells of New Tacrine and Tacrine-MAP Loaded with Lipid Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102089. [PMID: 33096919 PMCID: PMC7589787 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine (TAC) was the first FDA approved drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, resulting in increased memory and enhanced cognitive symptoms in patients. However, long-term therapy presents poor patient compliance associated with undesired side effects such as nausea, vomiting and hepatoxicity. To improve its therapeutic efficacy and decrease toxicity, the use of nanoparticles could be applied as a possible solution to delivery TAC. In this context, a project has been designed to develop a new nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) as a delivery system for TAC and conjugate TAC and model amphipathic peptide (MAP) to decrease TAC limitations. Different formulations loaded with TAC and TAC + MAP were prepared using a combination of Compritol 888 ATO as the solid lipid and Transcutol HP as the liquid lipid component. Physical characterization was evaluated in terms of particle size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release studies. Particle size distributions within the nanometer range were obtained with encapsulation efficiencies of 72.4% for the TAC and 85.6% for the TAC + MAP conjugate. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of all NLC formulations was determined against neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. The optimized TAC delivery system revealed low toxicity suggesting this could be a potential carrier system to deliver TAC. However, TAC + MAP conjugated even encapsulated in the NLC system demonstrated toxicity against the SH-SY5Y cell line.
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174
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Shah HS, Usman F, Ashfaq–Khan M, Khalil R, Ul-Haq Z, Mushtaq A, Qaiser R, Iqbal J. Preparation and characterization of anticancer niosomal withaferin–A formulation for improved delivery to cancer cells: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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175
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Turner PR, Yoshida M, Ali MA, Cabral JD. Melt Electrowritten Sandwich Scaffold Technique Using Sulforhodamine B to Monitor Stem Cell Behavior. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:519-527. [PMID: 32977739 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing using melt electrowriting (MEW) technology is a recently developed technique to produce biocompatible micron-level mesh scaffolds layer-by-layer that can be seeded with cells for tissue engineering. Examining cell behavior, such as growth rate and migration, can be problematic in these opaque 3D scaffolds. A straightforward and quantitative method was developed to examine these cellular parameters on poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) multilayered MEW scaffolds developed as components of the annulus fibrosus region of bioengineered intervertebral discs. Experiment: The anti-adhesion protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was used to coat plasticware to improve mesenchymal stem cell (T0523) adhesion to MEW scaffolds. Cells were seeded on circular MEW (cMEW) discs as defined growth starting points sandwiched between two test template scaffolds investigated at varying pore sizes. Cell expansion, growth, and migration were quantitated utilizing the protein-specific dye sulforhodamine B (SRB). Live cell imaging combined with image analysis were used to examine cell motility and expansion on 3D scaffolds. Results: After one coating of BSA, cells remained nonadherent for the duration of the study with cell spheroids formed and enlarging over 21 days and becoming entangled in MEW scaffold pores. Cells grown on the 250 μm pore size scaffolds exhibited a doubling time of 7 days, whereas the 400 μm pore size scaffolds time was 11.5 days. Conclusions: BSA coating of tissue culture dishes prevented surface adhesion of cells to vessel surfaces and promoted spheroid formation that encouraged attachment to the PCL scaffolds. Batch-printed cMEW scaffolds were useful as a defined starting point for quantitative assays that successfully measured cell migration, expansion and proliferation on test scaffolds. The SRB assay was shown to be a useful and straightforward way to quantitate cell numbers in multilayered MEW scaffolds. A pore size of 250 μm exhibited the fastest cell growth, spread, and expansion. Impact statement In this article, a new, useful, and straightforward method to quantitate cell numbers on three-dimensional (3D) melt electrowritten (MEW) scaffolds is presented. By using the sulforhodamine B assay on bovine serum albumin-coated dishes cell migration, expansion and proliferation in 3D printed MEW test scaffolds were quantitatively measured. Printed circular MEW (cMEW) scaffolds sandwiched between two MEW test scaffolds (Fig. 3) were used as defined cellular growth starting points with a particular pore size of 250 μm displaying the fastest cell growth and migration. This MEW sandwich technique could potentially be used to quantitate cell numbers and migration in other 3D multilayered MEW scaffold systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Minami Yoshida
- Department of Food Science, Centre of Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Azam Ali
- Department of Food Science, Centre of Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jaydee D Cabral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Food Science, Centre of Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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176
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Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity in Differentiated H9c2 Cardiomyocytes: Evidence for Acute Mitochondrial Superoxide Generation. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 21:152-161. [PMID: 32910361 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although a mitochondrial redox-cycling superoxide-generating mechanism for the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin was suggested from experiments with isolated mitochondria, its occurrence and contribution to cytotoxicity in intact cardiomyocytes is not fully established. Therefore, we determined the immediate and delayed effects of doxorubicin on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in differentiated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Although relatively short incubations (3 or 6 h) with 1 or 5 µM doxorubicin did not acutely decrease cell survival, exposure to 5 µM doxorubicin for 3 h was sufficient to cause a significant delayed decrease in cell survival after an additional 24 h without doxorubicin. Mitochondrial superoxide generation was observed to increase within 30 min of incubation with 5 µM doxorubicin. Increased intracellular ROS generation, decreased mitochondrial metabolic activity, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed after more extended periods (6-12 h). Overall, these observations support that the toxicity of doxorubicin to differentiated cardiomyocytes involves acute mitochondrial superoxide generation with subsequent intracellular ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death.
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177
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Chen XC, Chuang HC, Ward TJ, Tian L, Cao JJ, Ho SSH, Lau NC, Hsiao TC, Yim SH, Ho KF. Indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure to PM 2.5 and their bioreactivity among healthy residents of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109780. [PMID: 32554275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct evidence about associations between fine particles (PM2.5) components and the corresponding PM2.5 bioreactivity at the individual level is limited. We conducted a panel study with repeated personal measurements involving 56 healthy residents in Hong Kong. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels were measured from these subjects. Out of 56 subjects, 27 (48.2%) participated in concurrent outdoor, indoor, and personal PM2.5 monitoring. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), particle bound-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phthalates were analyzed. Alteration in cell viability, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 8-isoprostane by 50 μg/mL PM2.5 extracts was determined in A549 cells in vitro. Moderate heterogeneities were shown in PM2.5 exposures and the corresponding PM2.5 bioreactivity across different sample types. Associations between the analyzed components and PM2.5 bioreactivity were assessed using the multiple regression models. Toxicological results revealed that indoor and personal exposure to OC as well as PAH compounds and their derivatives (e.g., Alkyl-PAHs, Oxy-PAHs) induced cell viability reduction and increase in levels of LDH, IL-6, and 8-isoprostane. Overall, OC in personal exposure played a dominant role in PM2.5-induced bioreactivity. Subsequently, we examined the associations of FeNO with IL-6 and 8-isoprostane levels using mixed-effects models. The results showed that per interquartile change in IL-6 and 8-isoprostane were associated with a 6.4% (p < 0.01) and 11.1% (p < 0.01) increase in FeNO levels, respectively. Our study explored the toxicological properties of chemical components in PM2.5 exposure, which suggested that residential indoors and personal OC and PAHs should be of great concern for human health. These findings indicated that further studies in inflammation and oxidative stress-related illnesses due to particle exposure would benefit from the assessment of in vitro PM2.5 bioreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Now at: Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony J Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai-Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ngar-Cheung Lau
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve Hl Yim
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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178
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Liao C, Jin Y, Li Y, Tjong SC. Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6305. [PMID: 32878253 PMCID: PMC7504403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a state-of-the-art review and analysis of literature studies on the morphological structure, fabrication, cytotoxicity, and photocatalytic toxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures (nZnO) of mammalian cells. nZnO with different morphologies, e.g., quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotetrapods are toxic to a wide variety of mammalian cell lines due to in vitro cell-material interactions. Several mechanisms responsible for in vitro cytotoxicity have been proposed. These include the penetration of nZnO into the cytoplasm, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that degrade mitochondrial function, induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, and damage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lipid, and protein molecules. Otherwise, nZnO dissolve extracellularly into zinc ions and the subsequent diffusion of ions into the cytoplasm can create ROS. Furthermore, internalization of nZnO and localization in acidic lysosomes result in their dissolution into zinc ions, producing ROS too in cytoplasm. These ROS-mediated responses induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via the activation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (chop), and phosphoprotein p53 gene expressions. In vivo studies on a mouse model reveal the adverse impacts of nZnO on internal organs through different administration routes. The administration of ZnO nanoparticles into mice via intraperitoneal instillation and intravenous injection facilitates their accumulation in target organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lung. ZnO is a semiconductor with a large bandgap showing photocatalytic behavior under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. As such, photogenerated electron-hole pairs react with adsorbed oxygen and water molecules to produce ROS. So, the ROS-mediated selective killing for human tumor cells is beneficial for cancer treatment in photodynamic therapy. The photoinduced effects of noble metal doped nZnO for creating ROS under UV and visible light for killing cancer cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuming Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuchao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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179
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Beeran AA, Udupa N, Maliyakkal N. The Dichloromethane Fraction of Vernonia cinerea Impart Pro-Apoptotic, Genotoxic, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Drug Efflux Inhibitory Effects on Human Adenocarcinoma Cells. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 15:239-256. [PMID: 32838722 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815999200824122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernonia cinerea (VC) is an important medicinal plant used in the indigenous system of therapy. In ethnomedicine, VC has demonstrated anticancer properties. However, the mechanisms of action VC is not known. OBJECTIVE To establish the anticancer mechanisms of 'bioactive fractions of VC' on human adenocarcinoma cells. METHODS The IC50 values of characterized VC extract and fractions in human adenocarcinoma and normal epithelial cells were determined using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Acridine Orange- Ethidium Bromide (AO-EB) assay/Hoechst 33342 assay, Comet assay, and Cell cycle analysis were used to determine apoptosis, genotoxicity, and cell cycle-specific changes in cancer cells, respectively. Rhodamine 123 (Rho-123) efflux assay and Mitoxantrone (MX) efflux assay were used to assess the inhibition of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) transporters. RESULTS The dichloromethane fraction of VC (VC-DM) imparted dose-dependent cytotoxicity in human adenocarcinoma cells with fewer effects in human normal epithelial cells. This 'sesquiterpenoids' enriched fraction (VC-DM) induced apoptosis, DNA damage, genotoxicity, and G2/M phase arrest in human adenocarcinoma cells. Interestingly, VC-DM significantly inhibited the functional activity of MDR transporters (ABCB1 and ABCG2) and caused 'synergistic cytotoxic effects' with anticancer drugs in human adenocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSION The bioactivity guided fractionation of VC revealed that the specific 'sesquiterpenoids enriched fraction' (VC-DM) imparted cytotoxicity in human adenocarcinoma cells with fewer effects on normal cells. Mechanistic studies have shown that VC-DM induced apoptosis, DNA damage, genotoxicity, cell cycle arrest (G2/M), inhibited the functional activity of MDR transporters (ABCB1 and ABCG2), and produced 'synergistic cytotoxic effects' (combinatorial treatments with anticancer drugs) in human adenocarcinoma cells. Taken together, the findings of this study emphasize and validates VC-DM as a promising 'anticancer agent' against human adenocarcinomas, including those with a multi-drug resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmy Appadath Beeran
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nayanabhirama Udupa
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Naseer Maliyakkal
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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180
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Long S, Resende DISP, Palmeira A, Kijjoa A, Silva AMS, Tiritan ME, Pereira-Terra P, Freitas-Silva J, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Pinto E, Martins da Costa P, Sousa E, Pinto MMM. New marine-derived indolymethyl pyrazinoquinazoline alkaloids with promising antimicrobial profiles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31187-31204. [PMID: 35520644 PMCID: PMC9056383 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, the search for novel antimicrobials is urgent. Inspired by marine alkaloids, a series of indolomethyl pyrazino [1,2-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones was prepared using a one-pot microwave-assisted multicomponent polycondensation of amino acids. The compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of nine bacterial strains and five fungal strains. Compounds 26 and 27 were the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 reference strain with MIC values of 4 μg mL−1, and a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate with MIC values of 8 μg mL−1. It was possible to infer that enantiomer (−)-26 was responsible for the antibacterial activity (MIC 4 μg mL−1) while (+)-26 had no activity. Furthermore, compound (−)-26 was able to impair S. aureus biofilm production and no significant cytotoxicity towards differentiated and non-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells was observed. Compounds 26, 28, and 29 showed a weak antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolate with MIC 128 μg mL−1 and presented a synergistic effect with fluconazole. Indolomethyl pyrazino [1,2-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones were prepared using a one-pot multicomponent polycondensation of amino acids and were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a panel of nine bacterial strains and five fungal strains.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Solida Long
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA - Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS) Rua Central de Gandra, 1317 4585-116 Gandra PRD Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Freitas-Silva
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Sandra Barreiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- LQOF - Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal .,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos Portugal
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181
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Wambua Mukavi J, Wafula Mayeku P, Muhoro Nyaga J, Naulikha Kituyi S. In vitro anti-cancer efficacy and phyto-chemical screening of solvent extracts of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04481. [PMID: 32715139 PMCID: PMC7372144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Kigelia africana is a medicinal plant growing naturally in many parts of Africa. In Kenya, a water concoction of the plant is used to treat breast and prostate cancers. Laboratory data on its anti-cancer activity and active principles is limited, hence no scientific rationale for its medicinal use. This study reports on in-vitro toxic activities of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the plant against human breast cancer cells and phytochemical screening of the two extracts. Methodology Plant extracts were obtained by sequential solvent extraction of dry plant material (stem bark) using analytical grade dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) and methanol (Sigma Aldrich). In-vitro anti-cancer activities of the extracts were determined using the suphorhodamine (SRB) assay against a human breast cancer cell line (HCC 1937). Preliminary Thin layer chromatography of plant extracts was done using POLYGRAM® SIL G/UV254 plates (Merck) to establish presence of different classes of secondary metabolites. Results In-vitro cytotoxic activities of the two extracts were significantly different (P = 0.05). The methanol extract exhibited higher activity (IC50 = 26.02 μg/ml) compared to that of dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) (IC50 = 55.01 μg/ml). Phyto-chemical screening of the two extracts revealed the presence of terpenoids, phenols, steroids and flavonoids. Conclusion The high in-vitro anti-cancer activities of solvent extracts of Kigelia africana justify its use in traditional medicine to manage breast cancer. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts reveal similar profiles hence the differences in their anti-cancer activities can be attributed to quantitative variations of various classes of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Wambua Mukavi
- University of Embu, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, P. O. Box 6, Embu, 60100, Kenya
| | - Philip Wafula Mayeku
- University of Embu, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, P. O. Box 6, Embu, 60100, Kenya
| | - Justin Muhoro Nyaga
- University of Embu, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, P. O. Box 6, Embu, 60100, Kenya
| | - Sarah Naulikha Kituyi
- University of Embu, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, P. O. Box 6, Embu, 60100, Kenya.,Rhodes University, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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182
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Ferreira NN, Granja S, Boni FI, Prezotti FG, Ferreira LMB, Cury BSF, Reis RM, Baltazar F, Gremião MPD. Modulating chitosan-PLGA nanoparticle properties to design a co-delivery platform for glioblastoma therapy intended for nose-to-brain route. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1729-1747. [PMID: 32683647 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nose-to-brain delivery is a promising approach to target drugs into the brain, avoiding the blood-brain barrier and other drawbacks related to systemic absorption, and enabling an effective and safer treatment of diseases such as glioblastoma (GBM). Innovative materials and technologies that improve residence time in the nasal cavity and modulate biological interactions represent a great advance in this field. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and oligomeric chitosan (OCS) were designed as a rational strategy and potential platform to co-deliver alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC) and the monoclonal antibody cetuximab (CTX) into the brain, by nasal administration. The influence of formulation and process variables (O/Aq volume ratio, Pluronic concentration, PLGA concentration, and sonication time) on the properties of CHC-loaded NPs (size, zeta potential, PDI and entrapment efficiency) was investigated by a two-level full factorial design (24). Round, stable nano-sized particles (213-875 nm) with high positive surface charge (+ 33.2 to + 58.9 mV) and entrapment efficiency (75.69 to 93.23%) were produced by the emulsification/evaporation technique. Optimal process conditions were rationally selected based on a set of critical NP attributes (258 nm, + 37 mV, and 88% EE) for further conjugation with CTX. The high cytotoxicity of CHC-loaded NPs and conjugated NPs was evidenced for different glioma cell lines (U251 and SW1088). A chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay highlighted the expressive antiangiogenic activity of CHC-loaded NPs, which was enhanced for conjugated NPs. The findings of this work demonstrated the potential of this nanostructured polymeric platform to become a novel therapeutic alternative for GBM treatment. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália N Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara/Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda I Boni
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara/Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Fabíola G Prezotti
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara/Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M B Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara/Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S F Cury
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara/Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Palmira D Gremião
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara/Jaú Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-902, Brazil.
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183
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Nguyen NH, Ta QTH, Pham QT, Luong TNH, Phung VT, Duong TH, Vo VG. Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds from Adenosma bracteosum (Bonati) in Human Lung and Liver Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E2912. [PMID: 32599892 PMCID: PMC7356985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and despite the advances in drug development, it is still necessary to develop new plant-derived medicines. Compared with using conventional chemical drugs to decrease the side effects induced by chemotherapy, natural herbal medicines have many advantages. The present study aimed to discover the potential cytotoxicity of ethanol extract and its derived fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous) of Adenosma bracteosum Bonati. (A. bracteosum) on human large cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). Among these fractions, the chloroform showed significant activity in the inhibition of proliferation of both cancerous cells because of the presence of bioactive compounds including xanthomicrol, 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone, and ursolic acid which were clearly revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Coherence, and Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy) analyses. According to the radical scavenging capacity, the 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone compound (AB2) exhibited the highest anticancer activity on both NCI-H460 and HepG2 with IC50 values of 4.57 ± 0.32 and 5.67 ± 0.09 µg/mL respectively, followed by the ursolic acid with the lower percent inhibition at 13.05 ± 0.55 and 10.00 ± 0.16 µg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Remarkably, the AB2 compound induced to significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species accompanied by attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential, thus inducing the activation of caspase-3 activity in both human lung and liver cancer cells. These results suggest that A. bracteosum is a promising source of useful natural products and AB2 offers opportunities to develop the novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Hong Nguyen
- CirTech Institute, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Qui Thanh Hoai Ta
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Quang Thang Pham
- Institute of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (Q.T.P.); (T.N.H.L.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Han Luong
- Institute of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (Q.T.P.); (T.N.H.L.)
| | - Van Trung Phung
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thuc-Huy Duong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Van Giau Vo
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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184
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Martín MJ, Gentili C, Lassalle V. In vitro Biological Tests as the First Tools To Validate Magnetic Nanotheranostics for Colorectal Cancer Models. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1003-1017. [PMID: 32365271 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer death. Nanotechnology has focused on reaching more effective treatments. In this concern, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been studied for a wide range of biomedical applications related to CRC, such as diagnostic imaging, drug delivery and thermal therapy. However, limited research is currently found in the open literature that refers to nanosystems combining all these mentioned areas (theranostics). When developing nanosystems intended as theranostics applied to CRC, possible variations between patients must be considered. Therefore, multiple in vitro assays are required as guidance for future preclinical and clinical trials. The objective of this contribution is to evaluate the available and recent literature regarding the interactions of MNP and CRC models, aiming to critically analyze the information given by the commonly used assays and evaluate the data provided by each one with a view to implementing this novel technology in CRC diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Martín
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Verónica Lassalle
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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185
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Cushnie TPT, Cushnie B, Echeverría J, Fowsantear W, Thammawat S, Dodgson JLA, Law S, Clow SM. Bioprospecting for Antibacterial Drugs: a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Natural Product Source Material, Bioassay Selection and Avoidable Pitfalls. Pharm Res 2020; 37:125. [PMID: 32529587 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioprospecting is the exploration, extraction and screening of biological material and sometimes indigenous knowledge to discover and develop new drugs and other products. Most antibiotics in current clinical use (eg. β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides) were discovered using this approach, and there are strong arguments to reprioritize bioprospecting over other strategies in the search for new antibacterial drugs. Academic institutions should be well positioned to lead the early stages of these efforts given their many thousands of locations globally and because they are not constrained by the same commercial considerations as industry. University groups can lack the full complement of knowledge and skills needed though (eg. how to tailor screening strategy to biological source material). In this article, we review three key aspects of the bioprospecting literature (source material and in vitro antibacterial and toxicity testing) and present an integrated multidisciplinary perspective on (a) source material selection, (b) legal, taxonomic and other issues related to source material, (c) cultivation methods, (d) bioassay selection, (e) technical standards available, (f) extract/compound dissolution, (g) use of minimum inhibitory concentration and selectivity index values to identify progressible extracts and compounds, and (h) avoidable pitfalls. The review closes with recommendations for future study design and information on subsequent steps in the bioprospecting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Tim Cushnie
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.
| | - Benjamart Cushnie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Thailand
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Winita Fowsantear
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Sutthiwan Thammawat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | | | - Samantha Law
- National Collection of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) Ltd, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Simon M Clow
- PMI BioPharma Solutions LLC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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186
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Neves RAF, Pardal MA, Nascimento SM, Silva A, Oliveira PJ, Rodrigues ET. High sensitivity of rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells to Gambierdiscus toxic compounds. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 223:105475. [PMID: 32325308 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning is a frequently reported non-bacterial food-borne illness related to the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins, and possibly maitotoxins. These toxins are synthesized by marine dinoflagellate species of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa genera, and their abundance is a matter of great concern due to their adverse effects to aquatic life and human health. The present study aims to assess the sensitivity of rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells to Gambierdiscus toxic compounds using concentration- and time-dependent sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assays. Low concentrations of Gambierdiscus extracts (corresponding to 1.3-2.3 cells mL-1) induced a concentration-dependent response. Specificity in time-dependent response of H9c2(2-1) cells was demonstrated for G. excentricus after a 180 min exposure compared to both G. cf. belizeanus and G. silvae species, with EC50s obtained after 720 and 360 min, respectively. The sensitivity of H9c2(2-1) cells to dinoflagellate toxic compounds was also tested with other genera from benthic (Coolia malayensis, Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and P. lima) and planktonic (Amphidinium carterae and Lingulodinium polyedrum) habitats. Amphidinium, Coolia and Lingulodinium data did not present any concentration-response relationships, and EC50 values could only be obtained after 720 and 1440 min of exposure to both Prorocentrum species and O. cf. ovata, respectively. This study demonstrated that the H9c2(2-1) SRB assay represents a promising and sensitive tool for the detection of Gambierdiscus toxic compounds present in water samples, particularly of G. excentricus at very low cell abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A F Neves
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-307, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av Pasteur 458-307, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Silva
- Phytoplankton Laboratory, Division of Oceanography and Environment, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Biotech Building, Lot 8A, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Elsa T Rodrigues
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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187
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Benincasa L, Mandalà M, Paulesu L, Barberio L, Ietta F. Prenatal Nutrition Containing Bisphenol A Affects Placenta Glucose Transfer: Evidence in Rats and Human Trophoblast. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051375. [PMID: 32403449 PMCID: PMC7284709 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to clarify the effect of dietary supplementation with Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical widely present in beverage and food containers, on placental glucose transfer and pregnancy outcome. The study was performed on female Sprague Dawley rats fed with a diet containing BPA (2.5, 25 or 250 μg/Kg/day) for a period of a month (virgin state) plus 20 days during pregnancy. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed in placental tissues for glucose type 1 transporter (GLUT1). Furthermore, human trophoblast, HTR8-SV/neo cells, were used to evaluate the effect of BPA on glucose transport and uptake. Studies in rats showed that food supplementation with BPA, produces a higher fetal weight (FW) to placenta weight (PW) ratio at the lowest BPA concentration. Such low concentrations also reduced maternal weight gain in late pregnancy and up-regulated placental expression of GLUT1. Treatment of HTR8-SV/neo with the non-toxic dose of 1 nM BPA confirmed up-regulation of GLUT1 expression and revealed higher activity of the transporter with an increase in glucose uptake and GLUT1 membrane translocation. Overall, these results indicate that prenatal exposure to BPA affects pregnancy and fetal growth producing changes in the placental nutrients-glucose transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Benincasa
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (F.I.)
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Luana Paulesu
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (F.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Barberio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (F.I.)
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188
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Le Cras TD, Goines J, Lakes N, Pastura P, Hammill AM, Adams DM, Boscolo E. Constitutively active PIK3CA mutations are expressed by lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells in capillary lymphatic venous malformation. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:425-442. [PMID: 32350708 PMCID: PMC7311380 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary lymphatic venous malformations (CLVM) are complex vascular anomalies characterized by aberrant and enlarged lymphatic and blood vessels. CLVM appear during fetal development and enlarge after birth, causing life-long complications such as coagulopathy, pulmonary embolism, chronic pain, and disfigurement. Treatment includes surgical debulking, amputation, and recurrent sclerotherapy. Somatic, mosaic mutations in the 110-kD catalytic α-subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PIK3CA) gene have been previously identified in affected tissues from CLVM patients; however, the cell population harboring the mutation is still unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that endothelial cells (EC) carry the PIK3CA mutations and play a major role in the cellular origin of CLVM. We isolated EC from the lesions of seven patients with CLVM and identified PIK3CA hotspot mutations. The CLVM EC exhibited constitutive phosphorylation of the PI3K effector AKT as well as hyperproliferation and increased resistance to cell death compared to normal EC. Inhibitors of PIK3CA (BYL719) and AKT (ARQ092) attenuated the proliferation of CLVM EC in a dose-dependent manner. A xenograft model of CLVM was developed by injecting patient-derived EC into the flanks of immunocompromised mice. CLVM EC formed lesions with enlarged lymphatic and vascular channels, recapitulating the patient histology. EC subpopulations were further obtained by both immunomagnetic separation into lymphatic EC (LEC) and vascular EC (VEC) and generation of clonal populations. By sequencing these subpopulations, we determined that both LEC and VEC from the same patient express the PIK3CA mutation, exhibit increased AKT activation and can form lymphatic or vascular lesions in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Le Cras
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Jillian Goines
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nora Lakes
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patricia Pastura
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Adrienne M Hammill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Denise M Adams
- Boston Children's Hospital Division of Hematology/Oncology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Boscolo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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189
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Majeed M, Majeed S, Nagabhushanam K, Lawrence L, Mundkur L. Garcinia indica extract standardized for 20% Garcinol reduces adipogenesis and high fat diet-induced obesity in mice by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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190
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Rodrigues ET, Varela AT, Pardal MA, Sardão VA. Cell-based assays as an alternative for the study of aquatic toxicity of pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7145-7155. [PMID: 31883075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number and amount of pharmaceuticals for human and veterinary use currently reach the aquatic environment, and the determination of their effects on aquatic organisms becomes of major importance. The 96-h fish lethal test is one of the conventional assays required for environmental hazardous assessment, but it is extremely time-consuming and costly, and it raises ethical concerns. In a broad study, we compared the ability of cell-based assays to detect, in absolute terms, lethal toxicity in fish due to pharmaceuticals in order to select sensitive cell lines to be posteriorly used as an alternative to fish testing. This study also explored the sensitivity of the rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cell line and the suitability of the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay regarding 15 pharmaceuticals belonging to 9 different therapeutic classes. The relation between in vivo and in vitro data was expressed as LC50,96h/EC50 ratios, and 66% of concordant data were attained. Accordingly, it was possible to conclude that cell-based assays could be considered a suitable alternative to fish lethal testing for pharmaceuticals, which, after validation, may dramatically reduce the number of fish required for environmental hazardous assessment. Several cell lines were selected as promising alternatives, but H9c2(2-1), HepG2, PLHC-1, and RTG-2 could be considered suitable starting cell types for further studies, as relevant results were obtained with low exposure times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa T Rodrigues
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana T Varela
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Lot 8A, Biocant Park, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal
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191
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Kalhotra P, Chittepu VC, Osorio-Revilla G, Gallardo-Velazquez T. Phytochemicals in Garlic Extract Inhibit Therapeutic Enzyme DPP-4 and Induce Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation: A Possible Mechanism of Action to Benefit the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020305. [PMID: 32075130 PMCID: PMC7072494 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a severe health problem in Mexico, and its prevalence is increasing exponentially every year. Recently, DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors have become attractive oral anti-hyperglycemic agents to reduce the pathology of diabetes. Gliptin’s family, such as sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin, are in clinical use to treat diabetes mellitus but possess side effects. Therefore, there is a specific need to look for new therapeutic scaffolds (biomolecules). Garlic bulb is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diabetes. The garlic extracts are scientifically proven to control glucose levels in patients with diabetes, despite the unknown mechanism of action. The aim of the study is to investigate the antidiabetic effects of ultrasonication assisted garlic bulb extract. To achieve this, in-vitro assays such as DPP-4 inhibitory and antioxidant activities were investigated. Further, functional group analysis using FTIR and identification of phytochemicals using mass spectrometry analysis was performed. The results showed that 70.9 µg/mL of garlic bulb extract inhibited 50% DPP-4 activity. On top of that, the garlic extract exhibited a 20% scavenging activity, equivalent to 10 µg/mL of ascorbic acid. Molecular docking simulations on identified phytochemicals using mass spectrometry revealed their potential binding at the DPP-4 druggable region, and therefore the possible DPP-4 inhibition mechanism. These results suggest that prepared garlic extract contains phytochemicals that inhibit DPP-4 and have antioxidant activity. Also, the prepared extract induces skeletal muscle cell proliferation that demonstrates the antidiabetic effect and its possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kalhotra
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, CP. Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico;
| | - Veera C.S.R. Chittepu
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Col. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, CP. Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico (G.O.-R.)
| | - Guillermo Osorio-Revilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Col. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, CP. Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico (G.O.-R.)
| | - Tzayhri Gallardo-Velazquez
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, CP. Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(55)-572-960-00
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192
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Li X, Cai Y, Goines J, Pastura P, Brichta L, Lane A, Le Cras TD, Boscolo E. Ponatinib Combined With Rapamycin Causes Regression of Murine Venous Malformation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:496-512. [PMID: 30626204 PMCID: PMC6392210 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Venous malformations (VMs) arise from developmental defects of the vasculature and are characterized by massively enlarged and tortuous venous channels. VMs grow commensurately leading to deformity, obstruction of vital structures, bleeding, and pain. Most VMs are associated with the activating mutation L914F in the endothelial cell (EC) tyrosine kinase receptor TIE2. Therapeutic options for VM are limited and ineffective while therapy with the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin shows moderate efficacy. Here, we investigated novel therapeutic targets promoting VM regression. Approach and Results- We performed an unbiased screen of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs in human umbilical vein ECs expressing the TIE2-L914F mutation (HUVEC-TIE2-L914F). Three ABL (Abelson) kinase inhibitors prevented cell proliferation of HUVEC-TIE2-L914F. Moreover, c-ABL, common target of these inhibitors, was highly phosphorylated in HUVEC-TIE2-L914F and VM patient-derived ECs with activating TIE2 mutations. Knockdown of c-ABL/ARG in HUVEC-TIE2-L914F reduced cell proliferation and vascularity of murine VM. Combination treatment with the ABL kinase inhibitor ponatinib and rapamycin caused VM regression in a xenograft model based on injection of HUVEC-TIE2-L914F. A reduced dose of this drug combination was effective in this VM murine model with minimal side effects. The drug combination was antiproliferative, enhanced cell apoptosis and vascular channel regression both in vivo and in a 3-dimensional fibrin gel assay. Conclusions- This is the first report of a combination therapy with ponatinib and rapamycin promoting regression of VM. Mechanistically, the drug combination enhanced AKT inhibition compared with single drug treatment and reduced PLCγ (phospholipase C) and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- From the Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology (X.L., Y.C., J.G., E.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Yuqi Cai
- From the Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology (X.L., Y.C., J.G., E.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Jillian Goines
- From the Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology (X.L., Y.C., J.G., E.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Patricia Pastura
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute and Division of Pulmonary Biology (P.P., T.D.L.C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH
| | - Lars Brichta
- Chemistry Rx Compounding and Specialty Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA (L.B.)
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency (A.L.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (A.L., T.D.L.C., E.B.)
| | - Timothy D Le Cras
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute and Division of Pulmonary Biology (P.P., T.D.L.C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (A.L., T.D.L.C., E.B.)
| | - Elisa Boscolo
- From the Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology (X.L., Y.C., J.G., E.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (A.L., T.D.L.C., E.B.)
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193
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Supasorn O, Tongtawe P, Srimanote P, Rattanakomol P, Thanongsaksrikul J. A nonstructural 2B protein of enterovirus A71 increases cytosolic Ca 2+ and induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:201-213. [PMID: 31933192 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the causative agents causing the hand-foot-mouth disease which associated with fatal neurological complications. Several sporadic outbreaks of EV-A71 infections have been recently reported from Asia-Pacific regions and potentially established endemicity in the area. Currently, there is no effective vaccine or antiviral drug for EV-A71 available. This may be attributable to the limited information about its pathogenesis. In this study, the recombinant nonstructural 2B protein of EV-A71 was successfully produced in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and evaluated for its effects on induction of the cell apoptosis and the pathway involved. The EV-A71 2B-transfected SH-SY5Y cells showed significantly higher difference in the cell growth inhibition than the mock and the irrelevant protein controls. The transfected SH-SY5Y cells underwent apoptosis and showed the significant upregulation of caspase-9 (CASP9) and caspase-12 (CASP12) genes at 3- and 24-h post-transfection, respectively. Interestingly, the level of cytosolic Ca2+ was significantly elevated in the transfected SH-SY5Y cells at 6- and 12-h post-transfection. The caspase-9 is activated by mitochondrial signaling pathway while the caspase-12 is activated by ER signaling pathway. The results suggested that EV-A71 2B protein triggered transient increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ level and associated with ER-mitochondrial interactions that drive the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways. The detailed mechanisms warrant further studies for understanding the implication of EV-A71 infection in neuropathogenesis. The gained knowledge is essential for the development of the effective therapeutics and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oratai Supasorn
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongsri Tongtawe
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Patthaya Rattanakomol
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, 99 Moo 18 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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194
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Mendez B, Reyes J, Conde I, Ramos Z, Lozada E, Cruz AM, Asencio G, Carvajal A, Dharmawardhane S, Piñero-Cruz DM, Hernández E, Vivas P, Ospina CA. Simalikalactone D, a Potential Anticancer Compound from Simarouba tulae, an Endemic Plant of Puerto Rico. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E93. [PMID: 31940804 PMCID: PMC7020415 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Species of the genus Simarouba have been studied because of their antimalarial and antileukemic activities. A group of oxygenated terpenes called quassinoids have been isolated from species of the Simarouba genus, and are responsible for its therapeutic properties. We hypothesized that Simarouba tulae, an endemic plant from Puerto Rico, is a natural source rich in quassinoid compounds with anticancer activity. The leaves were processed and extracted with solvents of different polarities. The extracts were screened for their antiproliferative activity, and it was shown that the chloroform extract was the most active extract. This extract was purified using different chromatographic techniques to afford the quassinoid simalikalactone D (SKD). This compound was further characterized using NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis. A reassessment of original structural assignments for SKD is proposed. SKD showed high cytotoxicity activity, with an IC50 of 55, 58, and 65 nM in A2780CP20 (ovarian), MDA-MB-435 (breast), and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cell lines, respectively. Exposure to SKD led to 15% inhibition of the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belmari Mendez
- Natural Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey 00736, Puerto Rico; (B.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Jeyshka Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.R.); (I.C.); (A.M.C.); (S.D.); (P.V.)
| | - Isabel Conde
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.R.); (I.C.); (A.M.C.); (S.D.); (P.V.)
| | - Zulma Ramos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, School of Pharmacy, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (Z.R.); (G.A.); (E.H.)
| | - Eunice Lozada
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico;
| | - Ailed M. Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.R.); (I.C.); (A.M.C.); (S.D.); (P.V.)
| | - Gabriela Asencio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, School of Pharmacy, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (Z.R.); (G.A.); (E.H.)
| | - Augusto Carvajal
- Natural Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey 00736, Puerto Rico; (B.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Suranganie Dharmawardhane
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.R.); (I.C.); (A.M.C.); (S.D.); (P.V.)
| | - Dalice M. Piñero-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico;
| | - Eliud Hernández
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, School of Pharmacy, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (Z.R.); (G.A.); (E.H.)
| | - Pablo Vivas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico; (J.R.); (I.C.); (A.M.C.); (S.D.); (P.V.)
| | - Claudia A. Ospina
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Universidad Ana G Mendez, Gurabo 00778, Puerto Rico
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195
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Kuo MT, Long Y, Tsai WB, Li YY, Chen HHW, Feun LG, Savaraj N. Collaboration Between RSK-EphA2 and Gas6-Axl RTK Signaling in Arginine Starvation Response That Confers Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors. Transl Oncol 2019; 13:355-364. [PMID: 31887630 PMCID: PMC6938815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human malignancies require extracellular arginine (Arg) for survival because the key enzyme for de novo Arg biosynthesis, argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), is silenced. Recombinant arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), which digests extracellular Arg, has been in clinical trials for treating ASS1-negative tumors. Reactivation of ASS1 is responsible for the treatment failure. We previously demonstrated that ASS1 reactivation is transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc via the upstream Gas6-Axl tyrosine kinase (RTK) signal. Here, we report that another RTK EphA2 is coactivated via PI3K-ERK/RSK1 pathway in a ligand-independent mechanism. EphA2 is also regulated by c-Myc. Moreover, we found that knockdown Axl upregulates EphA2 expression, demonstrating cross-talk between these RTKs. ADIR cell lines exhibits enhanced sensitivities to nutrient deprivation such as charcoal-stripped FBS and multiple RTK inhibitor foretinib but resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Knockdown EphA2, and to lesser extent, Axl, overcomes EGFRi resistance. c-Myc inhibitor JQ1 can also sensitize ADIR cells to ADI-PEG20. This study elucidates molecular interactions of multiple RTKs in Arg-stress response and offers approaches for developing strategies of overcoming ADI-PEG20 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Bin Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen H W Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Lynn G Feun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
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196
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Feng L, Yasmeen R, Schoene NW, Lei K, Wang TT. Resveratrol differentially modulates immune responses in human THP-1 monocytes and macrophages. Nutr Res 2019; 72:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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197
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Seo JM, Hassan AH, Lee YS. An expeditious entry to rare tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-c]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones: A single-step gateway synthesis of glochidine congeners. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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198
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Bohns FR, Leitune VCB, Balbinot GDS, Samuel SMW, Collares FM. Mineral deposition promoted by resin-based sealants with different calcium phosphate additions. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e101. [PMID: 31778472 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different calcium phosphates (CaPs) on the physical, biological, and remineralizing properties of experimental resin-based sealants (RBSs). Triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate (90wt%) and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (10wt%) were used to produce resin-based sealants. Hydroxyapatite (SHAp), α-tricalcium phosphate (Sα-TCP) and octacalcium phosphate (SOCP) were added to the sealants in a 10wt% concentration. One group without CaPs was used as the control group (SCG). The degree of conversion (DC) was assessed with Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, whereas cytotoxicity was tested with the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was used to assess the mechanical strength of the experimental RBSs. Sealed enamel was used for colorimetric assay. Mineral deposition was assessed with Raman spectroscopy after 7, 14, and 28 days of sample immersion in artificial saliva. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphology after 28 days of immersion. The addition of 10wt% of fillers significantly reduced the DC of sealants. SOCP groups showed reduced cell viability. Higher UTS was found for Sα-TCP and SHAp. The color analysis showed that SGC and demineralized teeth presented higher mismatches with the sound tissue. Mineral deposition was observed for SHAp and Sα-TCP after 7 days, with increased phosphate content and mineral deposits for SHAp after 28 days. RBS with the addition of 10% HAp promoted increased mineralization in vitro after 28 days, and did not affect cell viability, DC, mechanical properties, or RBS color in the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rocha Bohns
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Susana Maria Werner Samuel
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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199
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Moreira BP, Silva JF, Jarak I, de Lourdes Pereira M, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Technical-grade chlordane compromises rat Sertoli cells proliferation, viability and metabolic activity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104673. [PMID: 31704469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants are a daily presence in human routine. Multiple studies highlight the obesogenic activity of some chemicals. Moreover, these compounds have been suggested as a cause of male subfertility and/or infertility. Technical-grade chlordane (TGC) is classified as an endocrine-disruptor chemical, while its classification as obesogen is controversial. Herein, we studied the influence of TGC on Sertoli cells (SCs) metabolism. Rat Sertoli cells (rSCs) were cultured without and in the presence of increasing concentrations (1, 10 and 1000 nM) of TGC. The viability, proliferation, metabolic activity and the metabolic profile of rSCs was assessed. Expression of key glycolysis-related enzymes, transporters and biomarkers of oxidative damage were also evaluated. Our results show that exposure to higher concentrations of TGC decreases SCs proliferation and viability, which was accompanied by increased glucose consumption associated with an upregulation of Glut3 levels. As a result, pyruvate/lactate production were enhanced thus increasing the glycolytic flux in cells exposed to 1000 nM TGC, although lactate dehydrogenase expression and activity did not increase. Notably, biomarkers associated with oxidative damage remained unchanged after exposure to TGC. This is the first report showing that TGC alters glucose rSCs metabolism and the nutritional support of spermatogenesis with consequences for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Moreira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana F Silva
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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200
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Min HY, Jang HJ, Park KH, Hyun SY, Park SJ, Kim JH, Son J, Kang SS, Lee HY. The natural compound gracillin exerts potent antitumor activity by targeting mitochondrial complex II. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:810. [PMID: 31649278 PMCID: PMC6813327 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cancer bioenergetics and are considered a potential target for anticancer therapy. Considering the limited efficacy and toxicity of currently available mitochondria-targeting agents, it is necessary to develop effective mitochondria-targeting anticancer drugs. By screening a large chemical library consisting of natural products with diverse chemical entities, we identified gracillin, a steroidal saponin, as a mitochondria-targeting antitumor drug. Gracillin displayed broad-spectrum inhibitory effects on the viability of a large panel of human cancer cell lines, including those carrying acquired resistance to chemotherapy or EGFR-targeting drugs, by inducing apoptosis. We show that gracillin attenuates mitochondria-mediated cellular bioenergetics by suppressing ATP synthesis and by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanistically, gracillin disrupts complex II (CII) function by abrogating succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity without affecting the succinate:ubiquinone reductase. The gracillin-induced cell death was potentiated by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) or thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), which inhibit CII by binding to the active site of SDHA or to the ubiquinone-binding site, respectively. Finally, we show that gracillin effectively suppressed the mutant-Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis and the growth of xenograft tumors derived from cell lines or patient tissues. Gracillin displayed no obvious pathophysiological features in mice. Collectively, gracillin has potential as a CII-targeting antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Park
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Hyun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Sik Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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