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Jin HS, Kim J, Lee SJ, Kim K, Go MJ, Lee JY, Lee HJ, Song J, Jeon BT, Roh GS, Kim SJ, Kim BY, Hong KW, Yoo YH, Oh B, Kang Y, Jeong SY. The PARK2 gene is involved in the maintenance of pancreatic β-cell functions related to insulin production and secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:178-189. [PMID: 24096089 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several association studies have implicated the PARK2 gene that encodes parkin--the key molecule orchestrating the mitochondrial quality control system--as a candidate susceptibility gene for diabetes. A total of 7551 unrelated Korean KARE cohort subjects were analyzed to investigate the association between the PARK2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and quantitative glycemic traits. Two SNPs, rs10455889 and rs9365294, were significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose level (p=∼1.2×10(-4)) and insulin secretion indices (p=∼7.4×10(-5)) in male KARE subjects. Parkin was expressed predominantly in the rat pancreatic islets. Downregulation of the Park2 gene in rat INS-1 β-cells resulted in a significant decrease in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, intracellular insulin gene expression, and intracellular ATP level. The Park2-depleted β-cells also exhibited increased mitochondrial fragmentation and ROS production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Both population-based statistical evaluation and experimental evidence demonstrated a fundamental role of the PARK2 gene in the maintenance of β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Lee
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jin Go
- Centre for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Centre for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Song
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Tak Jeon
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Kim
- Drug Evaluation Centre, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Icheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- Division of Epidemiology and Health Index, Centre for Genome Science, Korea Centres for Disease Control & Prevention, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Centre, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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152
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Locke JM, da Silva Xavier G, Dawe HR, Rutter GA, Harries LW. Increased expression of miR-187 in human islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetologia 2014; 57:122-8. [PMID: 24149837 PMCID: PMC3855472 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is characterised by progressive beta cell dysfunction, with changes in gene expression playing a crucial role in its development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and therefore alterations in miRNA levels may be involved in the deterioration of beta cell function. METHODS Global TaqMan arrays and individual TaqMan assays were used to measure islet miRNA expression in discovery (n = 20) and replication (n = 20) cohorts from individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. The role of specific dysregulated miRNAs in regulating insulin secretion, content and apoptosis was subsequently investigated in primary rat islets and INS-1 cells. Identification of miRNA targets was assessed using luciferase assays and by measuring mRNA levels. RESULTS In the discovery and replication cohorts miR-187 expression was found to be significantly increased in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with matched controls. An inverse correlation between miR-187 levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was observed in islets from normoglycaemic donors. This correlation paralleled findings in primary rat islets and INS-1 cells where overexpression of miR-187 markedly decreased GSIS without affecting insulin content or apoptotic index. Finally, the gene encoding homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-3 (HIPK3), a known regulator of insulin secretion, was identified as a direct target of miR-187 and displayed reduced expression in islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest a role for miR-187 in the blunting of insulin secretion, potentially involving regulation of HIPK3, which occurs during the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Locke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
| | - G. da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H. R. Dawe
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - G. A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L. W. Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW UK
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153
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Gomes PR, Graciano MF, Pantaleão LC, Rennó AL, Rodrigues SC, Velloso LA, Latorraca MQ, Carpinelli AR, Anhê GF, Bordin S. Long-term disruption of maternal glucose homeostasis induced by prenatal glucocorticoid treatment correlates with miR-29 upregulation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E109-20. [PMID: 24253049 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00364.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) during pregnancy is strongly associated with the programming of glucose intolerance in the offspring. However, the impact of high GC levels on maternal metabolism is not clearly documented. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that mothers exposed to elevated levels of GCs might also display long-term disturbances in glucose homeostasis. Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered noninvasively to the mothers via drinking water between the 14th and the 19th days of pregnancy. Mothers were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 mo postweaning. Pregnant rats not treated with DEX and age-matched virgin rats were used as controls. Pancreatic islets were isolated at the 20th day of pregnancy and 12 mo postweaning in order to evaluate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The expression of the miR-29 family was also studied due to its responsiveness to GCs and its well-documented role in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function. Rats treated with DEX during pregnancy presented long-term glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion. These changes correlated with 1) increased expression of miR-29 and its regulator p53, 2) reduced expression of syntaxin-1a, a direct target of miR-29, and 3) altered expression of genes related to cellular senescence. Our data demonstrate that the use of DEX during pregnancy results in deleterious outcomes to the maternal metabolism, hallmarked by reduced insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. This maternal metabolic programming might be a consequence of time-sustained upregulation of miR-29s in maternal pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia R Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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154
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Goyal SN, Haiderali S, Reddy M N, Arya DS, Patil CR. Prediabetes: grounds of pitfall signalling alteration for cardiovascular disease. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes manifested by impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose offers high risk of myocardial dysfunction by causing endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis and genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer N. Goyal
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Dhule, India
| | - Shaikh Haiderali
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Dhule, India
| | - Navya Reddy M
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Dhule, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Dhule, India
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155
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Collares CVA, Evangelista AF, Xavier DJ, Rassi DM, Arns T, Foss-Freitas MC, Foss MC, Puthier D, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Passos GA, Donadi EA. Identifying common and specific microRNAs expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus patients. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:491. [PMID: 24279768 PMCID: PMC4222092 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regardless the regulatory function of microRNAs (miRNA), their differential expression pattern has been used to define miRNA signatures and to disclose disease biomarkers. To address the question of whether patients presenting the different types of diabetes mellitus could be distinguished on the basis of their miRNA and mRNA expression profiling, we obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RNAs from 7 type 1 (T1D), 7 type 2 (T2D), and 6 gestational diabetes (GDM) patients, which were hybridized to Agilent miRNA and mRNA microarrays. Data quantification and quality control were obtained using the Feature Extraction software, and data distribution was normalized using quantile function implemented in the Aroma light package. Differentially expressed miRNAs/mRNAs were identified using Rank products, comparing T1DxGDM, T2DxGDM and T1DxT2D. Hierarchical clustering was performed using the average linkage criterion with Pearson uncentered distance as metrics. Results The use of the same microarrays platform permitted the identification of sets of shared or specific miRNAs/mRNA interaction for each type of diabetes. Nine miRNAs (hsa-miR-126, hsa-miR-1307, hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-142-5p, hsa-miR-144, hsa-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-27a, hsa-miR-29b, and hsa-miR-342-3p) were shared among T1D, T2D and GDM, and additional specific miRNAs were identified for T1D (20 miRNAs), T2D (14) and GDM (19) patients. ROC curves allowed the identification of specific and relevant (greater AUC values) miRNAs for each type of diabetes, including: i) hsa-miR-1274a, hsa-miR-1274b and hsa-let-7f for T1D; ii) hsa-miR-222, hsa-miR-30e and hsa-miR-140-3p for T2D, and iii) hsa-miR-181a and hsa-miR-1268 for GDM. Many of these miRNAs targeted mRNAs associated with diabetes pathogenesis. Conclusions These results indicate that PBMC can be used as reporter cells to characterize the miRNA expression profiling disclosed by the different diabetes mellitus manifestations. Shared miRNAs may characterize diabetes as a metabolic and inflammatory disorder, whereas specific miRNAs may represent biological markers for each type of diabetes, deserving further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhianna V A Collares
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, 14048-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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156
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T-lymphocyte recognition of beta cells in type 1 diabetes: clinical perspectives. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2013; 39:459-66. [PMID: 24139825 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the activation of lymphocytes against pancreatic β cells. Landmarks in the history of T1D were the description of insulitis and of islet cell autoantibodies, and report an association between T1D and a limited number of HLA alleles. Another step was the study of T-lymphocytes, now known to be central to the disease process of T1D whether in mice or men. In humans, T-lymphocytes, and especially CD8⁺ T-cells, are predominant in insulitis. The characterization of antigenic fragments--peptides--recognized by T-cells paves the way towards new assays for predicting T1D and its prevention using antigen- or peptide-specific immunotherapy, while avoiding side effects that may counteract the limited efficacy of immunosuppression and immunomodulation in preserving β-cells from autoimmune destruction in recent-onset T1D patients. The current need for new preclinical models for testing strategies of antigen-specific immune tolerance is also highlighted.
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157
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA expression, contribute to regulate islet cell development and function. Indeed, epigenetic mechanisms were recently shown to be involved in the control of endocrine cell fate decision, islet differentiation, β-cell identity, proliferation, and mature function. Epigenetic mechanisms can also contribute to the pathogenesis of complex diseases. Emerging knowledge regarding epigenetic mechanisms suggest that they may be involved in β-cell dysfunction and pathogenesis of diabetes. Epigenetic mechanisms could predispose to the diabetic phenotype such as decline of β-cell proliferation ability and β-cell failure, and account for complications associated with diabetes. Better understanding of epigenetic landscapes of islet differentiation and function may be useful to improve β-cell differentiation protocols and discover novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Haumaitre
- CNRS UMR 7622, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM U969, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005, Paris, France,
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158
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Nesca V, Guay C, Jacovetti C, Menoud V, Peyot ML, Laybutt DR, Prentki M, Regazzi R. Identification of particular groups of microRNAs that positively or negatively impact on beta cell function in obese models of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2203-12. [PMID: 23842730 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MicroRNAs are key regulators of gene expression involved in health and disease. The goal of our study was to investigate the global changes in beta cell microRNA expression occurring in two models of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and to assess their potential contribution to the development of the disease. METHODS MicroRNA profiling of pancreatic islets isolated from prediabetic and diabetic db/db mice and from mice fed a high-fat diet was performed by microarray. The functional impact of the changes in microRNA expression was assessed by reproducing them in vitro in primary rat and human beta cells. RESULTS MicroRNAs differentially expressed in both models of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes fall into two distinct categories. A group including miR-132, miR-184 and miR-338-3p displays expression changes occurring long before the onset of diabetes. Functional studies indicate that these expression changes have positive effects on beta cell activities and mass. In contrast, modifications in the levels of miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-199a-3p, miR-203, miR-210 and miR-383 primarily occur in diabetic mice and result in increased beta cell apoptosis. These results indicate that obesity and insulin resistance trigger adaptations in the levels of particular microRNAs to allow sustained beta cell function, and that additional microRNA deregulation negatively impacting on insulin-secreting cells may cause beta cell demise and diabetes manifestation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We propose that maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis or progression toward glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes may be determined by the balance between expression changes of particular microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nesca
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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159
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Baran-Gale J, Fannin EE, Kurtz CL, Sethupathy P. Beta cell 5'-shifted isomiRs are candidate regulatory hubs in type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73240. [PMID: 24039891 PMCID: PMC3767796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation deep sequencing of small RNAs has unveiled the complexity of the microRNA (miRNA) transcriptome, which is in large part due to the diversity of miRNA sequence variants (“isomiRs”). Changes to a miRNA’s seed sequence (nucleotides 2–8), including shifted start positions, can redirect targeting to a dramatically different set of RNAs and alter biological function. We performed deep sequencing of small RNA from mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells (widely used as a surrogate for the study of pancreatic beta cells) and developed a bioinformatic analysis pipeline to profile isomiR diversity. Additionally, we applied the pipeline to recently published small RNA-seq data from primary human beta cells and whole islets and compared the miRNA profiles with that of MIN6. We found that: (1) the miRNA expression profile in MIN6 cells is highly correlated with those of primary human beta cells and whole islets; (2) miRNA loci can generate multiple highly expressed isomiRs with different 5′-start positions (5′-isomiRs); (3) isomiRs with shifted start positions (5′-shifted isomiRs) are highly expressed, and can be as abundant as their unshifted counterparts (5′-reference miRNAs). Finally, we identified 10 beta cell miRNA families as candidate regulatory hubs in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) gene network. The most significant candidate hub was miR-29, which we demonstrated regulates the mRNA levels of several genes critical to beta cell function and implicated in T2D. Three of the candidate miRNA hubs were novel 5′-shifted isomiRs: miR-375+1, miR-375-1 and miR-183-5p+1. We showed by in silico target prediction and in vitro transfection studies that both miR-375+1 and miR-375-1 are likely to target an overlapping, but distinct suite of beta cell genes compared to canonical miR-375. In summary, this study characterizes the isomiR profile in beta cells for the first time, and also highlights the potential functional relevance of 5′-shifted isomiRs to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Baran-Gale
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America ; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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160
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161
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Abstract
In record time, microRNAs (miRNAs) have acquired the respected stature of important natural regulators of global gene expression. Multiple studies have demonstrated that a large number of miRNAs are under the control of various metabolic stimuli, including nutrients, hormones, and cytokines. Conversely, it is now well recognized that miRNAs control metabolism, thereby generating a bidirectional functional link, which perturbs energy homeostasis in case of disconnection in the miRNA-metabolism interplay. A challenging road lies ahead for defining the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diseases such as diabetes and for establishing their usefulness as new medications and clinically reliable biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dumortier
- INSERM U1081, Aging and Diabetes team, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), 06107 Nice, France; CNRS UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), 06107 Nice, France; University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06100 Nice, France
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162
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells that is insufficient to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Autoimmune destruction of β cells results in type 1 diabetes mellitus, whereas conditions that reduce insulin sensitivity and negatively affect β-cell activities result in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Without proper management, patients with diabetes mellitus develop serious complications that reduce their quality of life and life expectancy. Biomarkers for early detection of the disease and identification of individuals at risk of developing complications would greatly improve the care of these patients. Small non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression and participate in many physiopathological processes. Hundreds of miRNAs are actively or passively released in the circulation and can be used to evaluate health status and disease progression. Both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with distinct modifications in the profile of miRNAs in the blood, which are sometimes detectable several years before the disease manifests. Moreover, circulating levels of certain miRNAs seem to be predictive of long-term complications. Technical and scientific obstacles still exist that need to be overcome, but circulating miRNAs might soon become part of the diagnostic arsenal to identify individuals at risk of developing diabetes mellitus and its devastating complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiane Guay
- University of Lausanne, Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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163
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Santin I, Eizirik DL. Candidate genes for type 1 diabetes modulate pancreatic islet inflammation and β-cell apoptosis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15 Suppl 3:71-81. [PMID: 24003923 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 50 loci associated with genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Several T1D candidate genes have been suggested or identified within these regions, but the molecular mechanisms by which they contribute to insulitis and β-cell destruction remain to be clarified. More than 60% of the T1D candidate genes are expressed in human pancreatic islets, suggesting that they contribute to T1D by regulating at least in part pathogenic mechanisms at the β-cell level. Recent studies by our group indicate that important genetically regulated pathways in β-cells include innate immunity and antiviral activity, involving RIG-like receptors (particularly MDA5) and regulators of type I IFNs (i.e. PTPN2 and USP18), and genes related to β-cell phenotype and susceptibility to pro-apoptotic stimuli (i.e. GLIS3). These observations reinforce the concept that the early pathogenesis of T1D is characterized by a dialogue between the immune system and pancreatic β-cells. This dialogue is probably influenced by polymorphisms in genes expressed at the β-cell and/or immune system level, leading to inadequate responses to environmental cues such as viral infections. Further studies are needed to clarify how these disease-associated variants affect pancreatic β-cell responses to inflammation and the subsequent triggering of autoimmune responses and progressive β-cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Santin
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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164
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Yang Y, Xiao L, Li J, Kanwar YS, Liu F, Sun L. Urine miRNAs: potential biomarkers for monitoring progression of early stages of diabetic nephropathy. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:274-8. [PMID: 23683774 PMCID: PMC3706533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With a steep increase in the incidence of type 1 and 2 diabetes globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) has now become the leading cause of renal failure in the world. There are no suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis of early stages of DN. In recent years, tremendous efforts are being made worldwide to delineate the role of micro RNAs in the pathogenesis of DN. Circulating miRNAs in serum, plasma, urine and other body fluids, which reflect a response to various pathophysiological stresses, are being investigated in the context of diabetic nephropathy. Delineation of the changes in miRNA levels in patients with DN may lead to a better understanding of the progression of the disease. We present here an exhaustive survey of the miRNA literature, highlighting various studies performed over the last decade. The aim is to assess if changes in various miRNAs could correlate with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Based on the survey, we found that miRNA-377, miRNA-192, miRNA-216/217 and miRNA-144 are increased in body fluids of patients with DN, while miRNA-21 and miRNA-375 are decreased. Overall, there are a very few miRNAs that are kidney specific, and although significant differences were observed in the urinary excretion of certain miRNAs, they were not correlative to their levels in the blood or plasma. Thus, it is completely plausible that urine-specific miRNAs could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of early stages of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Yang
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
| | - Yashpal S. Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology & Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
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165
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Soleimanpour SA, Stoffers DA. The pancreatic β cell and type 1 diabetes: innocent bystander or active participant? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:324-31. [PMID: 23647931 PMCID: PMC3908840 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease resulting from destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to T1DM onset. Use of high-throughput DNA sequencing has allowed geneticists to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify novel gene loci associated with T1DM. Interestingly, >50% of these genes encode products that are expressed in β cells. These studies, coupled with emerging molecular evidence that β cells are impaired by gain-of-function or loss-of-function of these loci, suggest an active role for the β cell in eliciting its own demise. Although immune dysregulation plays a vital role in T1DM pathogenesis, understanding the mechanisms contributing to β cell failure may lead to new strategies to preserve or improve β cell function in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Soleimanpour
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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166
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Mao Y, Mohan R, Zhang S, Tang X. MicroRNAs as pharmacological targets in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2013; 75:37-47. [PMID: 23810798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by high levels of blood glucose due to either the loss of insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency of insulin in type 1 diabetes, or due to increased insulin resistance, leading to reduced insulin sensitivity and productivity in type 2 diabetes. There is an increasing need for new options to treat diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes at its early stages due to an ineffective control of its development in patients. Recently, a novel class of small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), is found to play a key role as important transcriptional and posttranscriptional inhibitors of gene expression in fine-tuning the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and have become an intriguing target for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the dysregulated miRNAs discovered in various diabetic models and addresses the potential for miRNAs to be therapeutic targets in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Mao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
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167
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MicroRNAs: new insights into chronic childhood diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:291826. [PMID: 23878802 PMCID: PMC3710618 DOI: 10.1155/2013/291826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and have shown increasing incidence rates among children in the last decades. Chronic illnesses in the pediatric population, even if well managed, affect social, psychological, and physical development and often limit education and active participation and increase the risk for health complications. The significant pediatric morbidity and mortality rates caused by chronic illnesses call for serious efforts toward better understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders. Recent studies have shown the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various aspects of major pediatric chronic non-neoplastic diseases. This review focuses on the role of miRNAs in four major pediatric chronic diseases including bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy and cystic fibrosis. We intend to emphasize the importance of miRNA-based research in combating these major disorders, as we believe this approach will result in novel therapies to aid securing normal development and to prevent disabilities in the pediatric population.
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168
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Puddu A, Sanguineti R, Mach F, Dallegri F, Viviani GL, Montecucco F. Update on the protective molecular pathways improving pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:750540. [PMID: 23737653 PMCID: PMC3659509 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of pancreatic beta-cells is to produce and release insulin in response to increment in extracellular glucose concentrations, thus maintaining glucose homeostasis. Deficient beta-cell function can have profound metabolic consequences, leading to the development of hyperglycemia and, ultimately, diabetes mellitus. Therefore, strategies targeting the maintenance of the normal function and protecting pancreatic beta-cells from injury or death might be crucial in the treatment of diabetes. This narrative review will update evidence from the recently identified molecular regulators preserving beta-cell mass and function recovery in order to suggest potential therapeutic targets against diabetes. This review will also highlight the relevance for novel molecular pathways potentially improving beta-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Puddu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Sanguineti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researches, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Medical Clinic, Laboratory of Phagocyte Physiopathology and Inflammation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Luciano Viviani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researches, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- First Medical Clinic, Laboratory of Phagocyte Physiopathology and Inflammation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
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169
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Klein D, Misawa R, Bravo-Egana V, Vargas N, Rosero S, Piroso J, Ichii H, Umland O, Zhijie J, Tsinoremas N, Ricordi C, Inverardi L, Domínguez-Bendala J, Pastori RL. MicroRNA expression in alpha and beta cells of human pancreatic islets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55064. [PMID: 23383059 PMCID: PMC3558471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in pancreatic development and adult β-cell physiology. Our hypothesis is based on the assumption that each islet cell type has a specific pattern of miRNA expression. We sought to determine the profile of miRNA expression in α-and β-cells, the main components of pancreatic islets, because this analysis may lead to a better understanding of islet gene regulatory pathways. Highly enriched (>98%) subsets of human α-and β-cells were obtained by flow cytometric sorting after intracellular staining with c-peptide and glucagon antibody. The method of sorting based on intracellular staining is possible because miRNAs are stable after fixation. MiRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative high throughput PCR-based miRNA array platform screening. Most of the miRNAs were preferentially expressed in β-cells. From the total of 667 miRNAs screened, the Significant Analysis of Microarray identified 141 miRNAs, of which only 7 were expressed more in α-cells (α-miRNAs) and 134 were expressed more in β-cells (β-miRNAs). Bioinformatic analysis identified potential targets of β-miRNAs analyzing the Beta Cell Gene Atlas, described in the T1Dbase, the web platform, supporting the type 1 diabetes (T1D) community. cMaf, a transcription factor regulating glucagon expression expressed selectively in α-cells (TFα) is targeted by β-miRNAs; miR-200c, miR-125b and miR-182. Min6 cells treated with inhibitors of these miRNAs show an increased expression of cMaf RNA. Conversely, over expression of miR-200c, miR-125b or miR-182 in the mouse alpha cell line αTC6 decreases the level of cMAF mRNA and protein. MiR-200c also inhibits the expression of Zfpm2, a TFα that inhibits the PI3K signaling pathway, at both RNA and protein levels.In conclusion, we identified miRNAs differentially expressed in pancreatic α- and β-cells and their potential transcription factor targets that could add new insights into different aspects of islet biology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Klein
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryosuke Misawa
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valia Bravo-Egana
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nancy Vargas
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samuel Rosero
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julieta Piroso
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hirohito Ichii
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jiang Zhijie
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Tsinoremas
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luca Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ricardo L. Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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170
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Novotny GW, Lundh M, Backe MB, Christensen DP, Hansen JB, Dahllöf MS, Pallesen EMH, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Transcriptional and translational regulation of cytokine signaling in inflammatory β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 528:171-84. [PMID: 23063755 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Disease is conventionally viewed as the chaotic inappropriate outcome of deranged tissue function resulting from aberrancies in cellular processes. Yet the patho-biology of cellular dysfunction and death encompasses a coordinated network no less sophisticated and regulated than maintenance of homeostatic balance. Cellular demise is far from passive subordination to stress but requires controlled coordination of energy-requiring activities including gene transcription and protein translation that determine the graded transition between defensive mechanisms, cell cycle regulation, dedifferentiation and ultimately to the activation of death programmes. In fact, most stressors stimulate both homeostasis and regeneration on one hand and impairment and destruction on the other, depending on the ambient circumstances. Here we illustrate this bimodal ambiguity in cell response by reviewing recent progress in our understanding of how the pancreatic β cell copes with inflammatory stress by changing gene transcription and protein translation by the differential and interconnected action of reactive oxygen and nitric oxide species, microRNAs and posttranslational protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy W Novotny
- Section of Endocrinological Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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171
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Guay C, Jacovetti C, Nesca V, Motterle A, Tugay K, Regazzi R. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in pancreatic β-cell function and dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14 Suppl 3:12-21. [PMID: 22928560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells play a central role in glucose homeostasis by tightly regulating insulin release according to the organism's demand. Impairment of β-cell function due to hostile environment, such as hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, or due to autoimmune destruction of β-cells, results in diabetes onset. Both environmental factors and genetic predisposition are known to be involved in the development of the disease, but the exact mechanisms leading to β-cell dysfunction and death remain to be characterized. Non-coding RNA molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have been suggested to be necessary for proper β-cell development and function. The present review aims at summarizing the most recent findings about the role of non-coding RNAs in the control of β-cell functions and their involvement in diabetes. We will also provide a perspective view of the future research directions in the field of non-coding RNAs. In particular, we will discuss the implications for diabetes research of the discovery of a new communication mechanism based on cell-to-cell miRNA transfer. Moreover, we will highlight the emerging interconnections between miRNAs and epigenetics and the possible role of long non-coding RNAs in the control of β-cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guay
- Department of Cellular Biology and Morphology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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172
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Bagge A, Clausen TR, Larsen S, Ladefoged M, Rosenstierne MW, Larsen L, Vang O, Nielsen JH, Dalgaard LT. MicroRNA-29a is up-regulated in beta-cells by glucose and decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:266-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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173
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Gilbert ER, Liu D. Epigenetics: the missing link to understanding β-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Epigenetics 2012; 7:841-52. [PMID: 22810088 PMCID: PMC3427279 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health problem worldwide. While peripheral insulin resistance is common during obesity and aging in both animals and people, progression to T2D is largely due to insulin secretory dysfunction and significant apoptosis of functional β-cells, leading to an inability to compensate for insulin resistance. It is recognized that environmental factors and nutrition play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, our knowledge surrounding molecular mechanisms by which these factors trigger β-cell dysfunction and diabetes is still limited. Recent discoveries raise the possibility that epigenetic changes in response to environmental stimuli may play an important role in the development of diabetes. In this paper, we review emerging knowledge regarding epigenetic mechanisms that may be involved in β-cell dysfunction and pathogenesis of diabetes, including the role of nutrition, oxidative stress and inflammation. We will mainly focus on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications but will also briefly review data on miRNA effects on the pancreatic islets. Further studies aimed at better understanding how epigenetic regulation of gene expression controls β-cell function may reveal potential therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA
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174
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Eizirik DL, Grieco FA. On the immense variety and complexity of circumstances conditioning pancreatic β-cell apoptosis in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:1661-3. [PMID: 22723273 PMCID: PMC3379679 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Decio L Eizirik
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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