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Tricò D, Baldi S, Frascerra S, Venturi E, Marraccini P, Neglia D, Natali A. Abnormal Glucose Tolerance Is Associated with a Reduced Myocardial Metabolic Flexibility in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3906425. [PMID: 26798650 PMCID: PMC4699228 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3906425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by a metabolic shift from fat to carbohydrates and failure to increase myocardial glucose uptake in response to workload increments. We verified whether this pattern is influenced by an abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT). In 10 patients with DCM, 5 with normal glucose tolerance (DCM-NGT) and 5 with AGT (DCM-AGT), and 5 non-DCM subjects with AGT (N-AGT), we measured coronary blood flow and arteriovenous differences of oxygen and metabolites during Rest, Pacing (at 130 b/min), and Recovery. Myocardial lactate exchange and oleate oxidation were also measured. At Rest, DCM patients showed a reduced nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) myocardial uptake, while glucose utilization increased only in DCM-AGT. In response to Pacing, glucose uptake promptly rose in N-AGT (from 72 ± 21 to 234 ± 73 nmol/min/g, p < 0.05), did not change in DCM-AGT, and slowly increased in DCM-NGT. DCM-AGT sustained the extra workload by increasing NEFA oxidation (from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 2.9 ± 0.1 μmol/min/gO2 equivalents, p < 0.05), while DCM-NGT showed a delayed increase in glucose uptake. Substrate oxidation rates paralleled the metabolites data. The presence of AGT in patients with DCM exacerbates both the shift from fat to carbohydrates in resting myocardial metabolism and the reduced myocardial metabolic flexibility in response to an increased workload. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02440217.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cardiac Pacing, Artificial
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/blood
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Coronary Circulation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Female
- Glucose Intolerance/blood
- Glucose Intolerance/diagnosis
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Humans
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Oleic Acid/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxygen/blood
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Baldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Frascerra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Venturi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Marraccini
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Neglia
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- *Andrea Natali:
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153
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Berthiaume J, Kirk J, Ranek M, Lyon R, Sheikh F, Jensen B, Hoit B, Butany J, Tolend M, Rao V, Willis M. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure and an Overview of Therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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154
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Direct Evidence that Myocardial Insulin Resistance following Myocardial Ischemia Contributes to Post-Ischemic Heart Failure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17927. [PMID: 26659007 PMCID: PMC4677294 DOI: 10.1038/srep17927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A close link between heart failure (HF) and systemic insulin resistance has been well documented, whereas myocardial insulin resistance and its association with HF are inadequately investigated. This study aims to determine the role of myocardial insulin resistance in ischemic HF and its underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) developed progressive left ventricular dilation with dysfunction and HF at 4 wk post-MI. Of note, myocardial insulin sensitivity was decreased as early as 1 wk after MI, which was accompanied by increased production of myocardial TNF-α. Overexpression of TNF-α in heart mimicked impaired insulin signaling and cardiac dysfunction leading to HF observed after MI. Treatment of rats with a specific TNF-α inhibitor improved myocardial insulin signaling post-MI. Insulin treatment given immediately following MI suppressed myocardial TNF-α production and improved cardiac insulin sensitivity and opposed cardiac dysfunction/remodeling. Moreover, tamoxifen-induced cardiomyocyte-specific insulin receptor knockout mice exhibited aggravated post-ischemic ventricular remodeling and dysfunction compared with controls. In conclusion, MI induces myocardial insulin resistance (without systemic insulin resistance) mediated partly by ischemia-induced myocardial TNF-α overproduction and promotes the development of HF. Our findings underscore the direct and essential role of myocardial insulin signaling in protection against post-ischemic HF.
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155
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Mangmool S, Denkaew T, Phosri S, Pinthong D, Parichatikanond W, Shimauchi T, Nishida M. Sustained βAR Stimulation Mediates Cardiac Insulin Resistance in a PKA-Dependent Manner. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 30:118-32. [PMID: 26652903 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a condition in which cells are defective in response to the actions of insulin in tissue glucose uptake. Overstimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) leads to the development of heart failure and is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the heart. However, the mechanisms by which sustained βAR stimulation affects insulin resistance in the heart are incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that sustained βAR stimulation resulted in the inhibition of insulin-induced glucose uptake, and a reduction of insulin induced glucose transporter (GLUT)4 expression that were mediated by the β2AR subtype in cardiomyocytes and heart tissue. Overstimulation of β2AR inhibited the insulin-induced translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes. Additionally, βAR mediated cardiac insulin resistance by reducing glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression via the cAMP-dependent and protein kinase A-dependent pathways. Treatment with β-blockers, including propranolol and metoprolol antagonized isoproterenol-mediated insulin resistance in the heart. The data in this present study confirm a critical role for protein kinase A in βAR-mediated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M., T.D., S.P., W.P.) and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery (S.M.), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Pharmacology (D.P.), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling (T.S., M.N.), Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.S., M.N.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (M.N.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Siatama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tananat Denkaew
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M., T.D., S.P., W.P.) and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery (S.M.), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Pharmacology (D.P.), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling (T.S., M.N.), Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.S., M.N.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (M.N.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Siatama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Sarawuth Phosri
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M., T.D., S.P., W.P.) and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery (S.M.), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Pharmacology (D.P.), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling (T.S., M.N.), Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.S., M.N.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (M.N.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Siatama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Darawan Pinthong
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M., T.D., S.P., W.P.) and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery (S.M.), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Pharmacology (D.P.), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling (T.S., M.N.), Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.S., M.N.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (M.N.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Siatama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Warisara Parichatikanond
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M., T.D., S.P., W.P.) and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery (S.M.), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Pharmacology (D.P.), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling (T.S., M.N.), Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.S., M.N.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (M.N.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Siatama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shimauchi
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M., T.D., S.P., W.P.) and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery (S.M.), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Pharmacology (D.P.), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling (T.S., M.N.), Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.S., M.N.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (M.N.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Siatama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M., T.D., S.P., W.P.) and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery (S.M.), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Pharmacology (D.P.), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling (T.S., M.N.), Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.S., M.N.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (M.N.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Siatama 332-0012, Japan
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156
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Hall ME, Harmancey R, Stec DE. Lean heart: Role of leptin in cardiac hypertrophy and metabolism. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:511-524. [PMID: 26413228 PMCID: PMC4577678 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i9.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that has been linked with the cardiovascular complications resulting from obesity such as hypertension and heart disease. Obese patients have high levels of circulating leptin due to increased fat mass. Clinical and population studies have correlated high levels of circulating leptin with the development of cardiac hypertrophy in obesity. Leptin has also been demonstrated to increase the growth of cultured cardiomyocytes. However, several animal studies of obese leptin deficient mice have not supported a role for leptin in promoting cardiac hypertrophy so the role of leptin in this pathological process remains unclear. Leptin is also an important hormone in the regulation of cardiac metabolism where it supports oxidation of glucose and fatty acids. In addition, leptin plays a critical role in protecting the heart from excess lipid accumulation and the formation of toxic lipids in obesity a condition known as cardiac lipotoxicity. This paper focuses on the data supporting and refuting leptin’s role in promoting cardiac hypertrophy as well as its important role in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and protection against cardiac lipotoxicity.
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157
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Görlach A, Dimova EY, Petry A, Martínez-Ruiz A, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Kietzmann T. Reactive oxygen species, nutrition, hypoxia and diseases: Problems solved? Redox Biol 2015; 6:372-385. [PMID: 26339717 PMCID: PMC4565025 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the last twenty years the view on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has changed; they are no longer only considered to be harmful but also necessary for cellular communication and homeostasis in different organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals. In the latter, ROS were shown to modulate diverse physiological processes including the regulation of growth factor signaling, the hypoxic response, inflammation and the immune response. During the last 60–100 years the life style, at least in the Western world, has changed enormously. This became obvious with an increase in caloric intake, decreased energy expenditure as well as the appearance of alcoholism and smoking; These changes were shown to contribute to generation of ROS which are, at least in part, associated with the occurrence of several chronic diseases like adiposity, atherosclerosis, type II diabetes, and cancer. In this review we discuss aspects and problems on the role of intracellular ROS formation and nutrition with the link to diseases and their problematic therapeutical issues. Oxidative stress is linked to overnutrition, obesity and associated diseases or cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucially involved in modulation of signaling cascades. NOX proteins and hypoxia contribute to formation of ROS under different nutrient regimes. ROS are powerful post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. Treatment of obesity with antioxidants requires more, larger, and better monitored clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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158
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Le Page LM, Rider OJ, Lewis AJ, Ball V, Clarke K, Johansson E, Carr CA, Heather LC, Tyler DJ. Increasing Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Flux as a Treatment for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Combined 13C Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance and Echocardiography Study. Diabetes 2015; 64:2735-43. [PMID: 25795215 PMCID: PMC4516266 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although diabetic cardiomyopathy is widely recognized, there are no specific treatments available. Altered myocardial substrate selection has emerged as a candidate mechanism behind the development of cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. As pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity appears central to the balance of substrate use, we aimed to investigate the relationship between PDH flux and myocardial function in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes and to explore whether or not increasing PDH flux, with dichloroacetate, would restore the balance of substrate use and improve cardiac function. All animals underwent in vivo hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy and echocardiography to assess cardiac PDH flux and function, respectively. Diabetic animals showed significantly higher blood glucose levels (10.8 ± 0.7 vs. 8.4 ± 0.5 mmol/L), lower PDH flux (0.005 ± 0.001 vs. 0.017 ± 0.002 s(-1)), and significantly impaired diastolic function (transmitral early diastolic peak velocity/early diastolic myocardial velocity ratio [E/E'] 12.2 ± 0.8 vs. 20 ± 2), which are in keeping with early diabetic cardiomyopathy. Twenty-eight days of treatment with dichloroacetate restored PDH flux to normal levels (0.018 ± 0.002 s(-1)), reversed diastolic dysfunction (E/E' 14 ± 1), and normalized blood glucose levels (7.5 ± 0.7 mmol/L). The treatment of diabetes with dichloroacetate therefore restored the balance of myocardial substrate selection, reversed diastolic dysfunction, and normalized blood glucose levels. This suggests that PDH modulation could be a novel therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Le Page
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Andrew J Lewis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
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159
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Grevengoed TJ, Cooper DE, Young PA, Ellis JM, Coleman RA. Loss of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 1 impairs cardiac autophagy and mitochondrial structure through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activation. FASEB J 2015. [PMID: 26220174 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because hearts with a temporally induced knockout of acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1(T-/-)) are virtually unable to oxidize fatty acids, glucose use increases 8-fold to compensate. This metabolic switch activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which initiates growth by increasing protein and RNA synthesis and fatty acid metabolism, while decreasing autophagy. Compared with controls, Acsl1(T-/-) hearts contained 3 times more mitochondria with abnormal structure and displayed a 35-43% lower respiratory function. To study the effects of mTORC1 activation on mitochondrial structure and function, mTORC1 was inhibited by treating Acsl1(T-/-) and littermate control mice with rapamycin or vehicle alone for 2 wk. Rapamycin treatment normalized mitochondrial structure, number, and the maximal respiration rate in Acsl1(T-/-) hearts, but did not improve ADP-stimulated oxygen consumption, which was likely caused by the 33-51% lower ATP synthase activity present in both vehicle- and rapamycin-treated Acsl1(T-/-) hearts. The turnover of microtubule associated protein light chain 3b in Acsl1(T-/-) hearts was 88% lower than controls, indicating a diminished rate of autophagy. Rapamycin treatment increased autophagy to a rate that was 3.1-fold higher than in controls, allowing the formation of autophagolysosomes and the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Thus, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 1 (ACSL1) deficiency in the heart activated mTORC1, thereby inhibiting autophagy and increasing the number of damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha J Grevengoed
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel E Cooper
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pamela A Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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160
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Gavillán-Suárez J, Aguilar-Perez A, Rivera-Ortiz N, Rodríguez-Tirado K, Figueroa-Cuilan W, Morales-Santiago L, Maldonado-Martínez G, Cubano LA, Martínez-Montemayor MM. Chemical profile and in vivo hypoglycemic effects of Syzygium jambos, Costus speciosus and Tapeinochilos ananassae plant extracts used as diabetes adjuvants in Puerto Rico. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26198986 PMCID: PMC4511456 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing numbers of people who use plant-based remedies as alternative or complementary medicine call for the validation of less known herbal formulations used to treat their ailments. Since Puerto Rico has the highest rate of Type 2 diabetes within all the states and territories of the United States, and Puerto Ricans commonly use plants as diabetes adjuvants, it is important to study the plants' physiological effects, and identify their bioactive compounds to understand their role in modulation of blood glucose levels. We present the phytochemical profiles and hypoglycemic effects of Tapeinochilus ananassae, Costus speciosus and Syzygium jambos. METHODS Phytochemicals in methanolic and aqueous extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Alkaloids (Bromocresol green, λ=470 nm), flavonoids (AlCl3, λ=415 nm), saponins (DNS, λ=760 nm), tannins (FeCl3/K4Fe(CN)6, λ=395 nm) and phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteau, λ=765 nm) were quantified. Male C57BLKS/J (db/db) and C57BL/J (ob/ob) genetically obese mice were orally gavaged with aqueous extracts of lyophilized plant decoctions for 10 wks. RESULTS Our results show that T. ananassae had significantly greater amounts of flavonoids and tannins, while S. jambos showed the greatest concentration of phenolics and C. speciosus exhibited higher amounts of alkaloids. C57BLKS/J db/db treated with plant extracts show better glucose modulation when the extracts are administered in complement with an insulin injection. Finally, C57BL/J ob/ob mice on T. ananassae and S. jambos treatments show better blood glucose modulation over time. CONCLUSION These results document for the first time the chemical profile of T. ananassae and provide evidence for a potential anti-diabetic efficacy of T. ananassae and S. jambos.
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161
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Riggs K, Ali H, Taegtmeyer H, Gutierrez AD. The Use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 13:292-7. [PMID: 26125313 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The concurrent management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic congestive heart failure presents several therapeutic challenges. Of concern is that insulin and insulin-sensitizing medications detrimentally "flood" the heart with energy-providing substrates, including fats and glucose. In this population, treatment of T2DM should focus on the reduction of increased substrate supply. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic medication, operate via this principle by blocking the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and subsequently releasing glucose through the urine. In this review, we begin with an examination of the mechanisms of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity in the heart. Then we analyze the potential role of SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in patients with concurrent T2DM and chronic heart failure. Based on the available evidence, SGLT-2 inhibitors are safe and can be recommended to treat T2DM in patients with chronic heart failure and intact renal function. Further studies are in progress to assess long-term survival benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Riggs
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Hiba Ali
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Absalon D Gutierrez
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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162
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Vazquez EJ, Berthiaume JM, Kamath V, Achike O, Buchanan E, Montano MM, Chandler MP, Miyagi M, Rosca MG. Mitochondrial complex I defect and increased fatty acid oxidation enhance protein lysine acetylation in the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:453-65. [PMID: 26101264 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiomyopathy is a major complication of diabetes. Our study was aimed to identify the sites of mitochondrial dysfunction and delineate its consequences on mitochondrial metabolism in a model of type 1 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection to male Lewis rats. We found a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis pathway and electron transport chain complex assembly that targets Complex I. Oxidation of Complex II and long-chain fatty acid substrates support the electron leak and superoxide production. Mitochondrial defects do not limit fatty acid oxidation as the heart's preferred energy source indicating that the diabetic heart has a significant reserve in Complex I- and II-supported ATP production. Both mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and Complex I defect are responsible for increased protein lysine acetylation despite an unchanged amount of the NAD(+)-dependent mitochondrial deacetylase sirt3. We quantitatively analysed mitochondrial lysine acetylation post-translational modifications and identified that the extent of lysine acetylation on 54 sites in 22 mitochondrial proteins is higher in diabetes compared with the same sites in the control. The increased lysine acetylation of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein subunit α may be responsible for the increased fatty acid oxidation in the diabetic heart. CONCLUSION We identified the specific defective sites in the electron transport chain responsible for the decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the diabetic heart. Mitochondrial protein lysine acetylation is the common consequence of both increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial Complex I defect, and may be responsible for the metabolic inflexibility of the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Vazquez
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Vasudeva Kamath
- Department of Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Olisaemeka Achike
- Department of Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Buchanan
- Department of Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Monica M Montano
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Margaret P Chandler
- Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Masaru Miyagi
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mariana G Rosca
- Department of Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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163
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Westergren HU, Grönros J, Heinonen SE, Miliotis T, Jennbacken K, Sabirsh A, Ericsson A, Jönsson-Rylander AC, Svedlund S, Gan LM. Impaired Coronary and Renal Vascular Function in Spontaneously Type 2 Diabetic Leptin-Deficient Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130648. [PMID: 26098416 PMCID: PMC4476758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is associated with macro- and microvascular complications in man. Microvascular dysfunction affects both cardiac and renal function and is now recognized as a main driver of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, progression of microvascular dysfunction in experimental models is often obscured by macrovascular pathology and consequently demanding to study. The obese type 2 diabetic leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse lacks macrovascular complications, i.e. occlusive atherosclerotic disease, and may therefore be a potential model for microvascular dysfunction. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that these mice with an insulin resistant phenotype might display microvascular dysfunction in both coronary and renal vascular beds. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study we used non-invasive Doppler ultrasound imaging to characterize microvascular dysfunction during the progression of diabetes in ob/ob mice. Impaired coronary flow velocity reserve was observed in the ob/ob mice at 16 and 21 weeks of age compared to lean controls. In addition, renal resistivity index as well as pulsatility index was higher in the ob/ob mice at 21 weeks compared to lean controls. Moreover, plasma L-arginine was lower in ob/ob mice, while asymmetric dimethylarginine was unaltered. Furthermore, a decrease in renal vascular density was observed in the ob/ob mice. CONCLUSION In parallel to previously described metabolic disturbances, the leptin-deficient ob/ob mice also display cardiac and renal microvascular dysfunction. This model may therefore be suitable for translational, mechanistic and interventional studies to improve the understanding of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena U. Westergren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Sabirsh
- CVMD iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sara Svedlund
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- CVMD iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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164
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Impaired mitochondrial energy supply coupled to increased H2O2 emission under energy/redox stress leads to myocardial dysfunction during Type I diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:561-74. [PMID: 26186741 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In Type I diabetic (T1DM) patients, both peaks of hyperglycaemia and increased sympathetic tone probably contribute to impair systolic and diastolic function. However, how these stressors eventually alter cardiac function during T1DM is not fully understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that impaired mitochondrial energy supply and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission is centrally involved in T1DM cardiac dysfunction due to metabolic/redox stress and aimed to determine the mitochondrial sites implicated in these alterations. To this end, we used isolated myocytes and mitochondria from Sham and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM guinea pigs (GPs), untreated or treated with insulin. Relative to controls, T1DM myocytes exhibited higher oxidative stress when challenged with high glucose (HG) combined with β-adrenergic stimulation [via isoprenaline (isoproterenol) (ISO)], leading to contraction/relaxation deficits. T1DM mitochondria had decreased respiration with complex II and IV substrates and markedly lower ADP phosphorylation rates and higher H2O2 emission when challenged with oxidants to mimic the more oxidized redox milieu present in HG + ISO-treated cardiomyocytes. Since in T1DM hearts insulin-sensitivity is preserved and a glucose-to-fatty acid (FA) shift occurs, we next tested whether insulin therapy or acute palmitate (Palm) infusion prevents HG + ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction. We found that insulin rescued proper cardiac redox balance, but not mitochondrial respiration or contractile performance. Conversely, Palm restored redox balance and preserved myocyte function. Thus, stressors such as peaks of HG and adrenergic hyperactivity impair mitochondrial respiration, hampering energy supply while exacerbating ROS emission. Our study suggests that an ideal therapeutic measure to treat metabolically/redox-challenged T1DM hearts should concomitantly correct energetic and redox abnormalities to fully maintain cardiac function.
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165
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiac function is energetically demanding, reliant on efficient well-coupled mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate and fulfill the cardiac demand. Predictably then, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with cardiac pathologies, often related to metabolic disease, most commonly diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by decreased left ventricular function, arises independently of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. Dysregulation of Ca(2+) handling, metabolic changes, and oxidative stress are observed in DCM, abnormalities reflected in alterations in mitochondrial energetics. Cardiac tissue from DCM patients also presents with altered mitochondrial morphology, suggesting a possible role of mitochondrial dynamics in its pathological progression. RECENT ADVANCES Abnormal mitochondrial morphology is associated with pathologies across diverse tissues, suggesting that this highly regulated process is essential for proper cell maintenance and physiological homeostasis. Highly structured cardiac myofibers were hypothesized to limit alterations in mitochondrial morphology; however, recent work has identified morphological changes in cardiac tissue, specifically in DCM. CRITICAL ISSUES Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported independently from observations of altered mitochondrial morphology in DCM. The temporal relationship and causative nature between functional and morphological changes of mitochondria in the establishment/progression of DCM is unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Altered mitochondrial energetics and morphology are not only causal for but also consequential to reactive oxygen species production, hence exacerbating oxidative damage through reciprocal amplification, which is integral to the progression of DCM. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for DCM will require better mechanistic characterization of morphological distortion and bioenergetic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Galloway
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Yisang Yoon
- 2Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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166
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Sung MM, Hamza SM, Dyck JRB. Myocardial metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: potential therapeutic targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1606-30. [PMID: 25808033 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular complications in diabetes are particularly serious and represent the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Despite early observations of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic humans, cardiomyopathy unique to diabetes has only recently been recognized. RECENT ADVANCES Research has focused on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Emerging data highlight the importance of altered mitochondrial function as a major contributor to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs by several mechanisms involving altered cardiac substrate metabolism, lipotoxicity, impaired cardiac insulin and glucose homeostasis, impaired cellular and mitochondrial calcium handling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial uncoupling. CRITICAL ISSUES Currently, treatment is not specifically tailored for diabetic patients with cardiac dysfunction. Given the multifactorial development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, traditional treatments such as anti-diabetic agents, as well as cellular and mitochondrial fatty acid uptake inhibitors aimed at shifting the balance of cardiac metabolism from utilizing fat to glucose may not adequately target all aspects of this condition. Thus, an alternative treatment such as resveratrol, which targets multiple facets of diabetes, may represent a safe and promising supplement to currently recommended clinical therapy and lifestyle changes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy is essential for development of effective and targeted treatment strategies. Of particular interest is the investigation of alternative therapies such as resveratrol, which can function as both preventative and mitigating agents in the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shereen M Hamza
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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167
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Aon MA, Tocchetti CG, Bhatt N, Paolocci N, Cortassa S. Protective mechanisms of mitochondria and heart function in diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1563-86. [PMID: 25674814 PMCID: PMC4449630 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The heart depends on continuous mitochondrial ATP supply and maintained redox balance to properly develop force, particularly under increased workload. During diabetes, however, myocardial energetic-redox balance is perturbed, contributing to the systolic and diastolic dysfunction known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). CRITICAL ISSUES How these energetic and redox alterations intertwine to influence the DC progression is still poorly understood. Excessive bioavailability of both glucose and fatty acids (FAs) play a central role, leading, among other effects, to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, where and how this nutrient excess affects mitochondrial and cytoplasmic energetic/redox crossroads remains to be defined in greater detail. RECENT ADVANCES We review how high glucose alters cellular redox balance and affects mitochondrial DNA. Next, we address how lipid excess, either stored in lipid droplets or utilized by mitochondria, affects performance in diabetic hearts by influencing cardiac energetic and redox assets. Finally, we examine how the reciprocal energetic/redox influence between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic compartments shapes myocardial mechanical activity during the course of DC, focusing especially on the glutathione and thioredoxin systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Protecting mitochondria from losing their ability to generate energy, and to control their own reactive oxygen species emission is essential to prevent the onset and/or to slow down DC progression. We highlight mechanisms enforced by the diabetic heart to counteract glucose/FAs surplus-induced damage, such as lipid storage, enhanced mitochondria-lipid droplet interaction, and upregulation of key antioxidant enzymes. Learning more on the nature and location of mechanisms sheltering mitochondrial functions would certainly help in further optimizing therapies for human DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Aon
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Niraj Bhatt
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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168
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Antioxidant treatment normalizes mitochondrial energetics and myocardial insulin sensitivity independently of changes in systemic metabolic homeostasis in a mouse model of the metabolic syndrome. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:104-16. [PMID: 26004364 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction in obesity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and altered insulin sensitivity. Whether oxidative stress directly contributes to myocardial insulin resistance remains to be determined. This study tested the hypothesis that ROS scavenging will improve mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity in the hearts of rodent models with varying degrees of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. The catalytic antioxidant MnTBAP was administered to the uncoupling protein-diphtheria toxin A (UCP-DTA) mouse model of insulin resistance (IR) and obesity, at early and late time points in the evolution of IR, and to db/db mice with severe obesity and type-two diabetes. Mitochondrial function was measured in saponin-permeabilized cardiac fibers. Aconitase activity and hydrogen peroxide emission were measured in isolated mitochondria. Insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation rates were measured in isolated working hearts, and 2-deoxyglucose uptake was measured in isolated cardiomyocytes. Four weeks of MnTBAP attenuated glucose intolerance in 13-week-old UCP-DTA mice but was without effect in 24-week-old UCP-DTA mice and in db/db mice. Despite the absence of improvement in the systemic metabolic milieu, MnTBAP reversed cardiac mitochondrial oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial bioenergetics by increasing ATP generation and reducing mitochondrial uncoupling in all models. MnTBAP also improved myocardial insulin mediated glucose metabolism in 13 and 24-week-old UCP-DTA mice. Pharmacological ROS scavenging improves myocardial energy metabolism and insulin responsiveness in obesity and type 2 diabetes via direct effects that might be independent of changes in systemic metabolism.
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169
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Dose apolipoprotein AV has influence on the regulation of fatty acids and triglyceride metabolism in cardiomyocyte in case of obesity. Int J Cardiol 2015; 185:109-11. [PMID: 25791104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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170
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20 years of leptin: Role of leptin in cardiomyocyte physiology and physiopathology. Life Sci 2015; 140:10-8. [PMID: 25748420 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of leptin in 1994 by Zhang et al., there have been a number of reports showing its implication in the development of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. However, there exists some controversy about how leptin can induce or preserve cardiovascular function, as different authors have found contradictory results about leptin beneficial or detrimental effects in leptin deficient/resistant murine models and in wild type tissue and cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on the main discoveries about the leptin functions at cardiac level within the last two decades, focusing on its role in cardiac metabolism, remodeling and contractile function.
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171
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Tan SX, Fisher-Wellman KH, Fazakerley DJ, Ng Y, Pant H, Li J, Meoli CC, Coster ACF, Stöckli J, James DE. Selective insulin resistance in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11337-48. [PMID: 25720492 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from glucose metabolism, insulin regulates a variety of pathways in peripheral tissues. Under insulin-resistant conditions, it is well known that insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is impaired, and many studies attribute this to a defect in Akt signaling. Here we make use of several insulin resistance models, including insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes and fat explants prepared from high fat-fed C57BL/6J and ob/ob mice, to comprehensively distinguish defective from unaffected aspects of insulin signaling and its downstream consequences in adipocytes. Defective regulation of glucose uptake was observed in all models of insulin resistance, whereas other major actions of insulin such as protein synthesis and anti-lipolysis were normal. This defect corresponded to a reduction in the maximum response to insulin. The pattern of change observed for phosphorylation in the Akt pathway was inconsistent with a simple defect at the level of Akt. The only Akt substrate that showed consistently reduced phosphorylation was the RabGAP AS160 that regulates GLUT4 translocation. We conclude that insulin resistance in adipose tissue is highly selective for glucose metabolism and likely involves a defect in one of the components regulating GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface in response to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xiong Tan
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | | | - Yvonne Ng
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Himani Pant
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jia Li
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher C Meoli
- From the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Biosciences and
| | - Adelle C F Coster
- the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - David E James
- the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Biosciences and the School of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, and
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172
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Wang Y, Gao E, Lau WB, Wang Y, Liu G, Li JJ, Wang X, Yuan Y, Koch WJ, Ma XL. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-mediated desensitization of adiponectin receptor 1 in failing heart. Circulation 2015; 131:1392-404. [PMID: 25696921 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.015248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylative desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors contributes significantly to post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling and heart failure (HF). Here, we determined whether adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) 1 and 2 (the 7-transmembrane domain-containing receptors mediating adiponectin functions) are phosphorylatively modified and functionally impaired after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Post-MI HF was induced by coronary artery occlusion. Receptor phosphorylation, kinase expression, and adiponectin function were determined via in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are not phosphorylated in the normal heart. However, AdipoR1 was significantly phosphorylated after MI, peaking at 7 days and remaining significantly phosphorylated thereafter. The extent of post-MI AdipoR1 phosphorylation positively correlated with the expression level of GPCR kinase (GRK) 2, the predominant GRK isoform upregulated in the failing heart. Cardiac-specific GRK2 knockout virtually abolished post-MI AdipoR1 phosphorylation, whereas virus-mediated GRK2 overexpression significantly phosphorylated AdipoR1 and blocked adiponectin metabolic-regulatory/anti-inflammatory signaling. Mass spectrometry identified serine-7, threonine-24, and threonine-53 (residues located in the n-terminal intracellular AdipoR1 region) as the GRK2 phosphorylation sites. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation and the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α effect of adiponectin were significantly inhibited in cardiomyocytes isolated from nonischemic area 7 days after MI. In vivo experiments demonstrated that acute adiponectin administration-induced cardiac GLUT4 translocation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation were blunted 7 days after MI. Continuous adiponectin administration beginning 7 days after MI failed to protect the heart from adverse remodeling and HF progression. Finally, cardiac-specific GRK2 knockdown restored the cardioprotective effect of adiponectin. CONCLUSION AdipoR1 is phosphorylatively modified and desensitized by GRK2 in failing cardiomyocytes, contributing to post-MI remodeling and HF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.).
| | - Erhe Gao
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Yang Wang
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Gaizheng Liu
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Yuexing Yuan
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.).
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Kandadi MR, Panzhinskiy E, Roe ND, Nair S, Hu D, Sun A. Deletion of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B rescues against myocardial anomalies in high fat diet-induced obesity: Role of AMPK-dependent autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:299-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Gómez-Hernández A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Updating experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:656795. [PMID: 25973429 PMCID: PMC4417999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/656795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Picatoste
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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175
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Enhanced cardiac Akt/protein kinase B signaling contributes to pathological cardiac hypertrophy in part by impairing mitochondrial function via transcriptional repression of mitochondrion-targeted nuclear genes. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:831-46. [PMID: 25535334 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01109-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained Akt activation induces cardiac hypertrophy (LVH), which may lead to heart failure. This study tested the hypothesis that Akt activation contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in pathological LVH. Akt activation induced LVH and progressive repression of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathways. Preventing LVH by inhibiting mTOR failed to prevent the decline in mitochondrial function, but glucose utilization was maintained. Akt activation represses expression of mitochondrial regulatory, FAO, and oxidative phosphorylation genes in vivo that correlate with the duration of Akt activation in part by reducing FOXO-mediated transcriptional activation of mitochondrion-targeted nuclear genes in concert with reduced signaling via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)/PGC-1α and other transcriptional regulators. In cultured myocytes, Akt activation disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics, which could be partially reversed by maintaining nuclear FOXO but not by increasing PGC-1α. Thus, although short-term Akt activation may be cardioprotective during ischemia by reducing mitochondrial metabolism and increasing glycolysis, long-term Akt activation in the adult heart contributes to pathological LVH in part by reducing mitochondrial oxidative capacity.
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176
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Fillmore N, Mori J, Lopaschuk GD. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation alterations in heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2080-90. [PMID: 24147975 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. In many forms of heart disease, including heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathies, changes in cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolism contribute to contractile dysfunction and to a decrease in cardiac efficiency. Specific metabolic changes include a relative increase in cardiac fatty acid oxidation rates and an uncoupling of glycolysis from glucose oxidation. In heart failure, overall mitochondrial oxidative metabolism can be impaired while, in ischaemic heart disease, energy production is impaired due to a limitation of oxygen supply. In both of these conditions, residual mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation dominates over mitochondrial glucose oxidation. In diabetes, the ratio of cardiac fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation also increases, although primarily due to an increase in fatty acid oxidation and an inhibition of glucose oxidation. Recent evidence suggests that therapeutically regulating cardiac energy metabolism by reducing fatty acid oxidation and/or increasing glucose oxidation can improve cardiac function of the ischaemic heart, the failing heart and in diabetic cardiomyopathies. In this article, we review the cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolic changes that occur in these forms of heart disease, what role alterations in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation have in contributing to cardiac dysfunction and the potential for targeting fatty acid oxidation to treat these forms of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fillmore
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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177
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Bhatt NM, Aon MA, Tocchetti CG, Shen X, Dey S, Ramirez-Correa G, O'Rourke B, Gao WD, Cortassa S. Restoring redox balance enhances contractility in heart trabeculae from type 2 diabetic rats exposed to high glucose. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 308:H291-302. [PMID: 25485897 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00378.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hearts from type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects are chronically subjected to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, both thought to contribute to oxidizing conditions and contractile dysfunction. How redox alterations and contractility interrelate, ultimately diminishing T2DM heart function, remains poorly understood. Herein we tested whether the fatty acid palmitate (Palm), in addition to its energetic contribution, rescues function by improving redox [glutathione (GSH), NAD(P)H, less oxidative stress] in T2DM rat heart trabeculae subjected to high glucose. Using cardiac trabeculae from Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, we assessed the impact of low glucose (EG) and high glucose (HG), in absence or presence of Palm or insulin, on force development, energetics, and redox responses. We found that in EG ZDF and lean trabeculae displayed similar contractile work, yield of contractile work (Ycw), representing the ratio of force time integral over rate of O2 consumption. Conversely, HG had a negative impact on Ycw, whereas Palm, but not insulin, completely prevented contractile loss. This effect was associated with higher GSH, less oxidative stress, and augmented matrix GSH/thioredoxin (Trx) in ZDF mitochondria. Restoration of myocardial redox with GSH ethyl ester also rescued ZDF contractile function in HG, independently from Palm. These results support the idea that maintained redox balance, via increased GSH and Trx antioxidant activities to resist oxidative stress, is an essential protective response of the diabetic heart to keep contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj M Bhatt
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Swati Dey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Genaro Ramirez-Correa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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178
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Bugger H, Bode C. The vulnerable myocardium. Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hamostaseologie 2014; 35:17-24. [PMID: 25408270 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-09-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus. While coronary artery disease is the leading cause of cardiac complications in diabetics, it is widely recognized that diabetes increases the risk for the development of heart failure independently of coronary heart disease and hypertension. This increased susceptibility of the diabetic heart to develop structural and functional impairment is termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. The number of different mechanisms proposed to contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy is steadily increasing and underlines the complexity of this cardiac entity. In this review the mechanisms that account for the increased myocardial vulnerability in diabetic cardiomyopathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bugger
- Heiko Bugger, MD, Heart Center Freiburg University, Cardiology and Angiology I, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, E-mail:
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179
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Banke NH, Lewandowski ED. Impaired cytosolic NADH shuttling and elevated UCP3 contribute to inefficient citric acid cycle flux support of postischemic cardiac work in diabetic hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 79:13-20. [PMID: 25450611 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic hearts are subject to more extensive ischemia/reperfusion (ISC/REP) damage. This study examined the efficiency of citric acid cycle (CAC) flux and the transfer of cytosolic reducing equivalents into the mitochondria for oxidative support of cardiac work following ISC/REP in hearts of c57bl/6 (NORM) and type 2 diabetic, db/db mouse hearts. Flux through the CAC and malate-aspartate shuttle (MA) were monitored via dynamic (13)C NMR of isolated hearts perfused with (13)C palmitate+glucose. MA flux was lower in db/db than NORM. Oxoglutarate malate carrier (OMC) was elevated in the db/db heart, suggesting a compensatory response to low NADHc. Baseline CAC flux per unit work (rate-pressure-product, RPP) was similar between NORM and db/db, but ISC/REP reduced the efficiency of CAC flux/RPP by 20% in db/db. ISC/REP also increased UCP3 transcription, indicating potential for greater uncoupling. Therefore, ISC/REP induces inefficient carbon utilization through the CAC in hearts of diabetic mice due to the combined inefficiencies in NADHc transfer per OMC content and increased uncoupling via UCP3. Ischemia and reperfusion exacerbated pre-existing mitochondrial defects and metabolic limitations in the cytosol of diabetic hearts. These limitations and defects render diabetic hearts more susceptible to inefficient carbon fuel utilization for oxidative energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha H Banke
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - E Douglas Lewandowski
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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180
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Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Basal levels of autophagy are required for the maintenance of organellar quality control. Autophagy is dynamically regulated in the heart in the fasting to re-feeding transition. Insulin signaling plays an important role in the regulation of myocardial fuel metabolism, mitochondrial function and cellular growth. Recent studies have suggested an important role for insulin signaling in the regulation of myocardial autophagy. This dynamic regulation of autophagy induction during fasting may contribute to organellar homeostasis and if perturbed under conditions of hyperinsulinemia could contribute to accelerated cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
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181
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Schilling JD, Mann DL. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Distinct and Preventable Entity or Inevitable Consequence? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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182
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Abdurrachim D, Ciapaite J, Wessels B, Nabben M, Luiken JJ, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction in high-fat diet fed mice is associated with lipotoxicity without impairment of cardiac energetics in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1525-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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183
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Dhalla NS, Takeda N, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Elimban V. Mechanisms of subcellular remodeling in heart failure due to diabetes. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:87-99. [PMID: 23436108 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is not only associated with heart failure but there also occurs a loss of the positive inotropic effect of different agents. It is now becoming clear that cardiac dysfunction in chronic diabetes is intimately involved with Ca(2+)-handling abnormalities, metabolic defects and impaired sensitivity of myofibrils to Ca(2+) in cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, loss of the inotropic effect in diabetic myocardium is elicited by changes in signal transduction mechanisms involving hormone receptors and depressions in phosphorylation of various membrane proteins. Ca(2+)-handling abnormalities in the diabetic heart occur mainly due to defects in sarcolemmal Na(+)-K(+) ATPase, Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange, Na(+)-H(+) exchange, Ca(2+)-channels and Ca(2+)-pump activities as well as changes in sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+)-uptake and Ca(2+)-release processes; these alterations may lead to the occurrence of intracellular Ca(2+) overload. Metabolic defects due to insulin deficiency or ineffectiveness as well as hormone imbalance in diabetes are primarily associated with a shift in substrate utilization and changes in the oxidation of fatty acids in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria initially seem to play an adaptive role in serving as a Ca(2+) sink, but the excessive utilization of long-chain fatty acids for a prolonged period results in the generation of oxidative stress and impairment of their function in the diabetic heart. In view of the activation of sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system as well as platelet aggregation, endothelial dysfunction and generation of oxidative stress in diabetes and blockade of their effects have been shown to attenuate subcellular remodeling, metabolic derangements and signal transduction abnormalities in the diabetic heart. On the basis of these observations, it is suggested that oxidative stress and subcellular remodeling due to hormonal imbalance and metabolic defects play a critical role in the genesis of heart failure during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S Dhalla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada,
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184
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Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing and is associated with poor prognosis. In spite of the advances in therapy, HF remains a major health problem with high morbidity and mortality. When HF and diabetes coexist, clinical outcomes are significantly worse. The relationship between these two conditions has been studied in various experimental models. However, the mechanisms for this interrelationship are complex, incompletely understood, and have become a matter of considerable clinical and research interest. There are only few animal models that manifest both HF and diabetes. However, the translation of results from these models to human disease is limited, and new models are needed to expand our current understanding of this clinical interaction. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of insulin signaling and insulin resistance, the clinical association between insulin resistance and HF, and its proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms. Finally, we discuss available animal models of insulin resistance and HF and propose requirements for future new models.
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185
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Fu Q, Xu B, Liu Y, Parikh D, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Riehle C, Zhu Y, Rawlings T, Shi Q, Clark RB, Chen X, Abel ED, Xiang YK. Insulin inhibits cardiac contractility by inducing a Gi-biased β2-adrenergic signaling in hearts. Diabetes 2014; 63:2676-89. [PMID: 24677713 PMCID: PMC4113065 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and adrenergic stimulation are two divergent regulatory systems that may interact under certain pathophysiological circumstances. Here, we characterized a complex consisting of insulin receptor (IR) and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in the heart. The IR/β2AR complex undergoes dynamic dissociation under diverse conditions such as Langendorff perfusions of hearts with insulin or after euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps in vivo. Activation of IR with insulin induces protein kinase A (PKA) and G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) phosphorylation of the β2AR, which promotes β2AR coupling to the inhibitory G-protein, Gi. The insulin-induced phosphorylation of β2AR is dependent on IRS1 and IRS2. After insulin pretreatment, the activated β2AR-Gi signaling effectively attenuates cAMP/PKA activity after β-adrenergic stimulation in cardiomyocytes and consequently inhibits PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban and contractile responses in myocytes in vitro and in Langendorff perfused hearts. These data indicate that increased IR signaling, as occurs in hyperinsulinemic states, may directly impair βAR-regulated cardiac contractility. This β2AR-dependent IR and βAR signaling cross-talk offers a molecular basis for the broad interaction between these signaling cascades in the heart and other tissues or organs that may contribute to the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction in insulin-resistant states.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/genetics
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/metabolism
- Insulin/administration & dosage
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/genetics
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocardial Contraction/physiology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CADepartment of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, ChinaDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, IL
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Yongming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CAShuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dippal Parikh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTFraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Christian Riehle
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTFraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tenley Rawlings
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, IL
| | - Richard B Clark
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Houston Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTFraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CADepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, IL
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186
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Salie R, Huisamen B, Lochner A. High carbohydrate and high fat diets protect the heart against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:109. [PMID: 25197961 PMCID: PMC4110645 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity is still considered a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disorders, recent studies suggested that it may also be associated with reduced morbidity and mortality, the so-called “obesity paradox”. Experimental data on the impact of diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury are controversial. Similar conflicting data have been reported regarding the effects of ischaemic preconditioning on ischaemia/reperfusion injury in hearts from such animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility to myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion damage in two models of diet-induced obesity as well as the effect of ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning on such hearts. Methods Three groups of rats were fed with: (i) normal rat chow (controls) (ii) a sucrose-supplemented diet (DIO) (iii) a high fat diet (HFD). After 16 weeks, rats were sacrificed and isolated hearts perfused in the working mode and subjected to 35 min regional ischaemia/60 min reperfusion. Endpoints were infarct size and functional recovery. Infarct size was determined, using tetrazolium staining. Activation of PKB/Akt and ERKp44/p42 (RISK pathway) during early reperfusion was determined using Western blot. Statistical evaluation was done using ANOVA and the Bonferroni correction. Results Infarct sizes of non-preconditioned hearts from the two obese groups were significantly smaller than those of the age-matched controls. Ischaemic as well as pharmacological (beta-adrenergic) preconditioning with a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, formoterol, caused a significant reduction in infarct size of the controls, but were without effect on infarct size of hearts from the obese groups. However, ischaemic as well as beta-preconditioning caused an improvement in functional performance during reperfusion in all three groups. A clear-cut correlation between the reduction in infarct size and activation of ERKp44/p42 and PKB/Akt was not observed: The reduction in infarct size observed in the non-preconditioned hearts from the obese groups was not associated with activation of the RISK pathway. However, beta-adrenergic preconditioning caused a significant activation of ERKp44/p42, but not PKB/Akt, in all three groups. Conclusions Relatively long-term administration of the two obesity-inducing diets resulted in cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion damage. Further protection by preconditioning was, however, without effect on infarct size, while an improvement in functional recovery was observed.
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187
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Unger RH, Scherer PE, Holland WL. Dichotomous roles of leptin and adiponectin as enforcers against lipotoxicity during feast and famine. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 24:3011-5. [PMID: 24072813 PMCID: PMC3784375 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Science is marked by the death of dogmas; the discovery that adipocytes are more than just lipid-storing cells but rather produce potent hormones is one such example that caught physiologists by surprise and reshaped our views of metabolism. While we once considered the adipocyte as a passive storage organ for efficient storage of long-term energy reserves in the form of triglyceride, we now appreciate the general idea (once a radical one) that adipocytes are sophisticated enough to have potent endocrine functions. Over the past two decades, the discoveries of these adipose-derived factors ("adipokines") and their mechanistic actions have left us marveling at and struggling to understand the role these factors serve in physiology and the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. These hormones may serve an integral role in protecting nonadipose tissues from lipid-induced damage during nutrient-deprived or replete states. As such, adipocytes deliver not only potentially cytotoxic free fatty acids but, along with these lipids, antilipotoxic adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 that potently eliminate excessive local accumulation of these lipids or their conversion to unfavorable sphingolipid intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger H Unger
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549 Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549
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188
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Manolescu DC, Jankowski M, Danalache BA, Wang D, Broderick TL, Chiasson JL, Gutkowska J. All-trans retinoic acid stimulates gene expression of the cardioprotective natriuretic peptide system and prevents fibrosis and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of obese ob/ob mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1127-36. [PMID: 25017112 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In hypertensive rodents, retinoic acid (RA) prevents adverse cardiac remodelling and improves myocardial infarction outcome, but its role in obesity-related changes of cardiac tissue are unclear. We hypothesized that all-trans RA (ATRA) treatment will improve the cardioprotective oxytocin-natriuretic peptides (OT-NP) system, preventing apoptosis and collagen accumulation in hearts of ob/ob mice, a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance. Female 9-week-old B6.V-Lep/J ob/ob mice (n = 16) were divided into 2 groups: 1 group (n = 8) treated with 100 μg of ATRA dissolved in 100 μL of corn oil (vehicle) delivered daily (∼2 μg·g body weight(-1)·day(-1)) by stomach intubation for 16 days, and 1 group (n = 8) that received the vehicle alone. A group of nonobese littermate mice (n = 9) served as controls. Ob/ob mice exhibited obesity, hyperglycaemia, and downregulation of the cardiac OT-NP system, including the mRNA for the transcription factor GATA4, OT receptor and brain NP, and the protein expression for endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Hearts from ob/ob mice also demonstrated increased apoptosis and collagen accumulation. ATRA treatment induced weight loss and decreased adipocytes diameter in the visceral fat, thus reducing visceral obesity, which is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. RA treatment was associated with a reduction in hyperglycemia and a normalization of the OT-NP system's expression in the hearts of ob/ob mice. Furthermore, ATRA treatment prevented apoptosis and collagen accumulation in hearts of ob/ob mice. The present study indicates that ATRA treatment was effective in restoring the cardioprotective OT-NP system and in preventing abnormal cardiac remodelling in the ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel-Constantin Manolescu
- a Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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189
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Pereira RO, Wende AR, Crum A, Hunter D, Olsen CD, Rawlings T, Riehle C, Ward WF, Abel ED. Maintaining PGC-1α expression following pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy preserves angiogenesis but not contractile or mitochondrial function. FASEB J 2014; 28:3691-702. [PMID: 24776744 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-253823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During pathological hypertrophy, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is repressed in concert with reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). We therefore sought to determine if maintaining or increasing PGC-1α levels in the context of pressure overload hypertrophy (POH) would preserve mitochondrial function and prevent contractile dysfunction. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy was induced using 4 wk of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice overexpressing the human PGC-1α genomic locus via a bacterial artificial chromosome (TG) and nontransgenic controls (Cont). PGC-1α levels were increased by 40% in TG mice and were sustained following TAC. Although TAC-induced repression of FAO genes and oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) genes was prevented in TG mice, mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis were equivalently impaired in Cont and TG mice after TAC. Contractile function was also equally impaired in Cont and TG mice following TAC, as demonstrated by decreased +dP/dt and ejection fraction and increased left ventricular developed pressure and end diastolic pressure. Conversely, capillary density was preserved, in concert with increased VEGF expression, while apoptosis and fibrosis were reduced in TG relative to Cont mice after TAC. Hence, sustaining physiological levels of PGC-1α expression following POH, while preserving myocardial vascularity, does not prevent mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Pereira
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Ashley Crum
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Douglas Hunter
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Curtis D Olsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Tenley Rawlings
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Christian Riehle
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
| | - Walter F Ward
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; and
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190
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Rodriguez RH, Bickta JL, Murawski P, O'Donnell CP. The impact of obesity and hypoxia on left ventricular function and glycolytic metabolism. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e12001. [PMID: 24771695 PMCID: PMC4001880 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that 4 weeks of intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure, mimicking the hypoxic stress of obstructive sleep apnea, produces compensatory increases in left ventricular (LV) contractility in lean C57BL/6J mice. In this study we compared the effects of 4 weeks IH to 4 weeks of sustained hypoxia (SH) on LV function and cardiac glycolysis in lean C57BL/6J mice and obese ob/ob mice at 10–12 weeks of age. The four exposure conditions were IH (nadir O2 [5–6%] at 60 cycles/h during the 12 h light period), SH (24 h inspired O2 [10%]), and control groups of intermittent air (IA) or room air. Cardiac function was assessed under isoflurane anesthesia (1–2%) by echocardiography and pressure–volume loop analysis and myocardial glycolytic rates were determined ex vivo using radiolabeled 3H‐glucose. Lean mice exposed to IH exhibited increases in contractile parameters which were associated with elevated glycolytic rates (3.4 vs. 5.7 μg/μL·g; P < 0.05). Ob/ob mice did not show any improvements in contractility after IH. Moreover, cardiac glycolytic rates and LV systolic and diastolic function did not differ from IA ob/ob controls. Following SH exposure, lean mice exhibited increased contractility and glycolytic rates (3.8 vs. 5.7 μg/μL·g; P < 0.05), however, LV lumen dimensions were reduced. In contrast, ob/ob mice exposed to SH show compromised systolic and diastolic function associated with unchanging glycolytic rates. These findings demonstrate that, in a murine model of obesity, an inability to increase glycolysis is associated with an absence of an adaptive cardiac response to IH and marked systolic and diastolic dysfunction in response to SH. The impact of obesity on left ventricular (LV) function and cardiac glycolytic responses to chronic 4 week exposure to intermittent hypoxia, mimicking the hypoxic stress of obstructive sleep apnea, or sustained hypoxia, mimicking altitude exposure, is unknown. We show that, in a murine model of obesity, an inability to increase glycolysis is associated with an absence of an adaptive cardiac response to intermittent hypoxia and marked systolic and diastolic dysfunction in response to sustained hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa H Rodriguez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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191
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Abstract
In recent years, diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic and now represents one of the most prevalent disorders. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. While ischaemic events dominate the cardiac complications of diabetes, it is widely recognised that the risk for developing heart failure is also increased in the absence of overt myocardial ischaemia and hypertension or is accelerated in the presence of these comorbidities. These diabetes-associated changes in myocardial structure and function have been called diabetic cardiomyopathy. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy following analysis of various animal models of type 1 or type 2 diabetes and in genetically modified mouse models. The steady increase in reports presenting novel mechanistic data on this subject expands the list of potential underlying mechanisms. The current review provides an update on molecular alterations that may contribute to the structural and functional alterations in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bugger
- Heart Center Freiburg University, Cardiology and Angiology I, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 108 CMAB, 451 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
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192
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Beaudoin MS, Perry CGR, Arkell AM, Chabowski A, Simpson JA, Wright DC, Holloway GP. Impairments in mitochondrial palmitoyl-CoA respiratory kinetics that precede development of diabetic cardiomyopathy are prevented by resveratrol in ZDF rats. J Physiol 2014; 592:2519-33. [PMID: 24639481 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.270538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism within the heart may have a causal role in the establishment of diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, this remains equivocal. Therefore, in the current study we determined cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics in ZDF rats before overt type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy developed. In addition, we utilized resveratrol, a compound previously shown to improve, prevent or reverse cardiac dysfunction in high-fat-fed rodents, as a tool to potentially recover dysfunctions within mitochondria. Fasting blood glucose and invasive left ventricular haemodynamic analysis confirmed the absence of type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, fibrosis was already increased (P < 0.05) ∼70% in ZDF rats at this early stage in disease progression. Assessments of mitochondrial ADP and pyruvate respiratory kinetics in permeabilized fibres from the left ventricle revealed normal electron transport chain function and content. In contrast, the apparent Km to palmitoyl-CoA (P-CoA) was increased (P < 0.05) ∼60%, which was associated with an accumulation of intracellular triacylgycerol, diacylglycerol and ceramide species. In addition, the capacity for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission was increased (P < 0.05) ∼3-fold in ZDF rats. The provision of resveratrol reduced fibrosis, P-CoA respiratory sensitivity, reactive lipid accumulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission rates. Altogether the current data support the supposition that a chronic dysfunction within mitochondrial lipid-supported bioenergetics contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as this was present before overt diabetes or cardiac dysfunction. In addition, we show that resveratrol supplementation prevents these changes, supporting the belief that resveratrol is a potent therapeutic approach for preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Soleil Beaudoin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Alicia M Arkell
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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193
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Paul DS, Grevengoed TJ, Pascual F, Ellis JM, Willis MS, Coleman RA. Deficiency of cardiac Acyl-CoA synthetase-1 induces diastolic dysfunction, but pathologic hypertrophy is reversed by rapamycin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:880-7. [PMID: 24631848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mice with temporally-induced cardiac-specific deficiency of acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (Acsl1(H-/-)), the heart is unable to oxidize long-chain fatty acids and relies primarily on glucose for energy. These metabolic changes result in the development of both a spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy and increased phosphorylated S6 kinase (S6K), a substrate of the mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR. Doppler echocardiography revealed evidence of significant diastolic dysfunction, indicated by a reduced E/A ratio and increased mean performance index, although the deceleration time and the expression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase and phospholamban showed no difference between genotypes. To determine the role of mTOR in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, we treated Acsl1(H-/-) mice with rapamycin. Six to eight week old Acsl1(H-/-) mice and their littermate controls were given i.p. tamoxifen to eliminate cardiac Acsl1, then concomitantly treated for 10weeks with i.p. rapamycin or vehicle alone. Rapamycin completely blocked the enhanced ventricular S6K phosphorylation and cardiac hypertrophy and attenuated the expression of hypertrophy-associated fetal genes, including α-skeletal actin and B-type natriuretic peptide. mTOR activation of the related Acsl3 gene, usually associated with pathologic hypertrophy, was also attenuated in the Acsl1(H-/-) hearts, indicating that alternative pathways of fatty acid activation did not compensate for the loss of Acsl1. Compared to controls, Acsl1(H-/-) hearts exhibited an 8-fold higher uptake of 2-deoxy[1-(14)C]glucose and a 35% lower uptake of the fatty acid analog 2-bromo[1-(14)C]palmitate. These data indicate that Acsl1-deficiency causes diastolic dysfunction and that mTOR activation is linked to the development of cardiac hypertrophy in Acsl1(H-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Paul
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | | | - Florencia Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Nutrition, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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194
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Fillmore N, Lopaschuk GD. Malonyl CoA: A promising target for the treatment of cardiac disease. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:139-146. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fillmore
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Gary D. Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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195
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Pereira RO, Wende AR, Olsen C, Soto J, Rawlings T, Zhu Y, Riehle C, Abel ED. GLUT1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes does not accelerate the transition from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:95-103. [PMID: 24583251 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether endogenous GLUT1 induction and the increased glucose utilization that accompanies pressure overload hypertrophy (POH) are required to maintain cardiac function during hemodynamic stress, and to test the hypothesis that lack of GLUT1 will accelerate the transition to heart failure. To determine the contribution of endogenous GLUT1 to the cardiac adaptation to POH, male mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of the GLUT1 gene (G1KO) and their littermate controls (Cont) were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). GLUT1 deficiency reduced glycolysis and glucose oxidation by 50%, which was associated with a reciprocal increase in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) relative to controls. Four weeks after TAC, glycolysis increased and FAO decreased by 50% in controls, but were unchanged in G1KO hearts relative to shams. G1KO and controls exhibited equivalent degrees of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and capillary density loss after TAC. Following TAC, in vivo left ventricular developed pressure was decreased in G1KO hearts relative to controls, but+dP/dt was equivalently reduced in Cont and G1KO mice. Mitochondrial function was equivalently impaired following TAC in both Cont and G1KO hearts. GLUT1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes alters myocardial substrate utilization, but does not substantially exacerbate pressure-overload induced contractile dysfunction or accelerate the progression to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Curtis Olsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jamie Soto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Tenley Rawlings
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Christian Riehle
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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196
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Han JC, Goo S, Barrett CJ, Mellor KM, Taberner AJ, Loiselle DS. The afterload-dependent peak efficiency of the isolated working rat heart is unaffected by streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:4. [PMID: 24387738 PMCID: PMC3916799 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is known to alter the energy metabolism of the heart. Thus, it may be expected to affect the efficiency of contraction (i.e., the ratio of mechanical work output to metabolic energy input). The literature on the subject is conflicting. The majority of studies have reported a reduction of myocardial efficiency of the diabetic heart, yet a number of studies have returned a null effect. We propose that these discrepant findings can be reconciled by examining the dependence of myocardial efficiency on afterload. Methods We performed experiments on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (7-8 weeks post-induction), subjecting their (isolated) hearts to a wide range of afterloads (40 mmHg to maximal, where aortic flow approached zero). We measured work output and oxygen consumption, and their suitably scaled ratio (i.e., myocardial efficiency). Results We found that myocardial efficiency is a complex function of afterload: its value peaks in the mid-range and decreases on either side. Diabetes reduced the maximal afterload to which the hearts could pump (105 mmHg versus 150 mmHg). Thus, at high afterloads (for example, 90 mmHg), the efficiency of the STZ heart was lower than that of the healthy heart (10.4% versus 14.5%) due to its decreased work output. Diabetes also reduced the afterload at which peak efficiency occurred (optimal afterload: 63 mmHg versus 83 mmHg). Despite these negative effects, the peak value of myocardial efficiency (14.7%) was unaffected by diabetes. Conclusions Diabetes reduces the ability of the heart to pump at high afterloads and, consequently, reduces the afterload at which peak efficiency occurs. However, the peak efficiency of the isolated working rat heart remains unaffected by STZ-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Chiew Han
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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197
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Chou IP, Chiu YP, Ding ST, Liu BH, Lin YY, Chen CY. Adiponectin receptor 1 overexpression reduces lipid accumulation and hypertrophy in the heart of diet-induced obese mice--possible involvement of oxidative stress and autophagy. Endocr Res 2014; 39:173-9. [PMID: 24679155 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2013.879165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and 2) play important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Obesity, type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease are highly correlated with downregulated adiponectin signaling; however, research has not clarified the functions of AdipoR1 in vivo. METHODS In this study, mice were induced to overexpress the AdipoR1 transgene so that its functions could be studied in relation to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Wild-type and AdipoR1-transgenic male mice were fed ad libitum with a standard chow diet or else a high-fat/sucrose diet (HFSD) for 24 weeks, beginning at 6-7 weeks of age. RESULTS After receiving the 24-week HFSD, AdipoR1-transgenic mice did not become obese, nor did they develop heart hypertrophy. The AdipoR1 transgene decreased the elevating cardiac troponin I expression caused by the HFSD. While the HFSD induced mRNA expression of CD36 and CPTI, AdipoR1 reversed it. Suppression of cardiac SOD mRNA expression by the HFSD was improved by the AdipoR1 transgene. The HFSD caused a higher autophagic gene expression of Beclin 1 and Lamp 2 A in the heart, whereas the AdipoR1 transgene ameliorated them. CONCLUSIONS The AdipoR1 transgene enabled mice to resist diet-induced obesity while decreasing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and autophagic damage. These effects might contribute to the improvement of heart functions in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Pin Chou
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan and
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198
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Lu Z, Jiang YP, Wu CYC, Ballou LM, Liu S, Carpenter ES, Rosen MR, Cohen IS, Lin RZ. Increased persistent sodium current due to decreased PI3K signaling contributes to QT prolongation in the diabetic heart. Diabetes 2013; 62:4257-65. [PMID: 23974924 PMCID: PMC3837031 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia complications of acute coronary syndrome. Prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram is also a risk factor for arrhythmias and sudden death, and the increased prevalence of QT prolongation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in diabetic patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this lethal complication are poorly understood. Diabetes is associated with a reduction in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, which regulates the action potential duration (APD) of individual myocytes and thus the QT interval by altering multiple ion currents, including the persistent sodium current INaP. Here, we report a mechanism for diabetes-induced QT prolongation that involves an increase in INaP caused by defective PI3K signaling. Cardiac myocytes of mice with type 1 or type 2 diabetes exhibited an increase in APD that was reversed by expression of constitutively active PI3K or intracellular infusion of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), the second messenger produced by PI3K. The diabetic myocytes also showed an increase in INaP that was reversed by activated PI3K or PIP3. The increases in APD and INaP in myocytes translated into QT interval prolongation for both types of diabetic mice. The long QT interval of type 1 diabetic hearts was shortened by insulin treatment ex vivo, and this effect was blocked by a PI3K inhibitor. Treatment of both types of diabetic mouse hearts with an INaP blocker also shortened the QT interval. These results indicate that downregulation of cardiac PI3K signaling in diabetes prolongs the QT interval at least in part by causing an increase in INaP. This mechanism may explain why the diabetic population has an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Chia-Yen C. Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lisa M. Ballou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Eileen S. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Michael R. Rosen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ira S. Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Corresponding author: Ira S. Cohen, , or Richard Z. Lin,
| | - Richard Z. Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Medical Service, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York
- Corresponding author: Ira S. Cohen, , or Richard Z. Lin,
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199
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Bayeva M, Sawicki KT, Ardehali H. Taking diabetes to heart--deregulation of myocardial lipid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000433. [PMID: 24275630 PMCID: PMC3886738 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bayeva
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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200
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Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are both associated with lipotoxic cardiomyopathy exclusive of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Lipotoxicities have become a public health concern and are responsible for a significant portion of clinical cardiac disease. These abnormalities may be the result of a toxic metabolic shift to more fatty acid and less glucose oxidation with concomitant accumulation of toxic lipids. Lipids can directly alter cellular structures and activate downstream pathways leading to toxicity. Recent data have implicated fatty acids and fatty acyl coenzyme A, diacylglycerol, and ceramide in cellular lipotoxicity, which may be caused by apoptosis, defective insulin signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of protein kinase C, MAPK activation, or modulation of PPARs.
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