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Sahão FT, Kienen N. ADAPTAÇÃO E SAÚDE MENTAL DO ESTUDANTE UNIVERSITÁRIO: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA. PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR E EDUCACIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392021224238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A saúde mental do estudante e sua adaptação à universidade têm sido investigados em diversas pesquisas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar revisão sistemática da literatura acerca das variáveis relativas à adaptação do estudante ao ensino superior que influenciam a sua saúde mental. Foi realizada busca bibliográfica em seis bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, sendo selecionados 23 artigos para análise a partir de seis categorias: dificultadores e facilitadores da adaptação, consequências da não adaptação, sintomas, repertório requerido e estratégias de ensino. Os resultados indicam que os principais dificultadores são nível de exigência e relacionamentos interpessoais; como facilitadores, rede de apoio, fornecimento de informação e integração acadêmica. Ansiedade, estresse e depressão são os principais sintomas; repertórios de autonomia e comprometimento os mais requeridos para uma adaptação saudável à universidade. Há carência de pesquisas que caracterizem os comportamentos constituintes desses repertórios, o que possibilitaria intervenções com essa população.
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152
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Patten EV, Vaterlaus JM. Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Undergraduate Dietetics Students. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:67-74. [PMID: 33250360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the mental health and stressors of current nutrition and dietetics students. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 611 current Didactic Program in Dietetics (DPD) students in the US were recruited through DPD program directors. METHODS Electronic survey included measures of anxiety, stress, depression, and specific stressors. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS Most students experienced normal levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared with the general population. A subset experienced some level of depression (30%), anxiety (40%), and stress (27%). Significant sources of stress were postgraduation plans (including internships), managing time, dietetics courses, finances, and self-imposed expectations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The identification of a subset of DPD students experiencing symptoms of mental health challenges and recognition that there are common stressors among DPD students may increase awareness among educators, guide development of course policies, and highlight the importance of mitigating major sources of stress for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vaterlaus Patten
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
| | - J Mitchell Vaterlaus
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
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153
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Bert F, Ferrara M, Boietti E, Langiano E, Savatteri A, Scattaglia M, Lo Moro G, Leombruni P, De Vito E, Siliquini R. Depression, Suicidal Ideation and Perceived Stress in Italian Humanities Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Rep 2020; 125:256-279. [PMID: 33375898 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120984441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mental health issues are common among university students. Nevertheless, few studies focused on Italian students. This study aimed to assess prevalence and associated factors of perceived stress (PS), depressive symptoms (DS) and suicidal ideation (SI) in an Italian sample. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst a convenience sample of students in humanities field (2018). Questionnaires were self-administered. Outcomes were assessed through Beck Depression Inventory-II (DS, SI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PS). Multivariable regressions were performed (p-value < 0.05 significant; sample size = 203). DS and SI prevalence was 30.6% and 8.8%. PS median score was 20 (IQR = 11), 87.7% reported moderate/severe PS. DS likelihood was increased by psychiatric disorders family history and not attending first year of course and decreased by not thinking that university hinders personal activities. Chronic disease and higher stress score increased SI probability; good/excellent family cohesion reduced it. Being female, thinking that university hinders resting/relaxing, seeing a psychologist/psychiatrist were positively associated with PS; having no worries about future was negatively associated. A high prevalence of mental health issues was reported, with miscellaneous associated factors that were linked to both private and social aspects. Universities must be aware of this to provide efficient preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; A.O.U. City of Health and Science of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Ferrara
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Edoardo Boietti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Langiano
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Armando Savatteri
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Scattaglia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Lo Moro
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Leombruni
- Clinical Psychology and Psycho-Oncology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Vito
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Roberta Siliquini
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; A.O.U. City of Health and Science of Torino, Torino, Italy
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154
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de Wit J, van der Kraan A, Theeuwes J. Live Streams on Twitch Help Viewers Cope With Difficult Periods in Life. Front Psychol 2020; 11:586975. [PMID: 33329243 PMCID: PMC7714943 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Live streaming platforms such as Twitch that facilitate participatory online communities have become an integral part of game culture. Users of these platforms are predominantly teenagers and young adults, who increasingly spend time socializing online rather than offline. This shift to online behavior can be a double-edged sword when coping with difficult periods in life such as relationship issues, the death of a loved one, or job loss. On the one hand, platforms such as Twitch offer pleasure, distraction, and relatedness with others to help with coping, and the increased sense of anonymity and control could stimulate self-disclosure. However, the prevalence of trolling and memes may also discourage people from opening up, and relationships that are built online—especially those with microcelebrity streamers—could be perceived as more meaningful than they actually are. To create a deeper understanding of Twitch as a new media platform embedded in game culture, and how users perceive its potential as a coping mechanism, we have conducted a first exploration by means of a survey. The questions focused on general Twitch behavior, the difficult period in life, and the role of Twitch during this period. It was distributed online among people who considered themselves active Twitch users, and who had gone through a difficult period. Eighty-four participants completed the entire survey. The majority of participants indicated that Twitch helped them cope, and that it became a larger part of their lives during the difficult period compared to regular viewing. Recurring themes were the entertainment, distraction, and sense of community Twitch offers. Viewing behavior during difficult periods appears to remain largely the same in terms of the streamers that are watched, although time spent viewing increases, and there is a change toward more time spent actively watching rather than having the stream on in the background. With this work, we aim to create a deeper understanding of Twitch as a platform, and its importance for gamers that are going through difficult periods in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Wit
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Alicia van der Kraan
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Joep Theeuwes
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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155
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Yang C, Zhou Y, Xia M. How Resilience Promotes Mental Health of Patients With DSM-5 Substance Use Disorder? The Mediation Roles of Positive Affect, Self-Esteem, and Perceived Social Support. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:588968. [PMID: 33343422 PMCID: PMC7744755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The existing studies found that resilience is a salient trait that can significantly affect people's psychological well-being with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, few studies examined how the mechanisms are connected between resilience and mental health among patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition SUD. This study investigated the mediation effects of positive affect, perceived social support, and self-esteem on the effect of resilience on perceived stress and life satisfaction in SUD patients. Design: A total of 415 patients diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition SUD from the south of China joined the research. Outcome Measures: The study applied Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale to measure patients' resilience, positive affect, self-esteem, perceived social support, perceived stress, and life satisfaction. Results: Structural equation model analysis revealed that positive affect and self-esteem partially mediate the relationship between resilience and perceived stress. In contrast, positive affect and perceived social support partially mediate the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings provide insights for evidence-based substance abuse intervention that positive affect, self-esteem, and perceived social support can conditional the effects of resilience on promoting the mental health of SUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Yang
- College of Law and Political Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - You Zhou
- The Graduate School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mengfan Xia
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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156
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Depression Severity and Depression Stigma Among Students: A Survey of Universities in Five Countries. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:884-889. [PMID: 33105442 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the university setting, mental disorders have come under greater scrutiny and more attention has been given toward addressing the social stigmas associated with mental illness in an effort to promote mental well-being and improve mental health care delivery on-campus. Depression has been previously linked to a reduction in quality of life, suicidal ideation, and poor academic performance. However, few studies have directly compared the burden of depression or stigmatized views between multiple universities. As a result, this cross-sectional study of university students from five countries was performed to determine the burden of depressive disorders, the stigmatizations of beliefs related to depression, and international variation. A questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic survey, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) was distributed via multiple routes to undergraduate and graduate students at institutions in the United States, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Czech Republic. The point prevalence of depression was determined by using the algorithm scoring method of the PHQ-9. Depression severity was determined according to the summed-item scoring method of the PHQ-9. The degree of stigmatization of beliefs was determined by continuous scores on the DSS subscales for personal and perceived stigma. Differences in depression severity, personal stigma, and perceived stigma were determined according to analysis of variance and further studied using post hoc Tukey's tests. Responses were collected from students in the United States (n = 593), United Arab Emirates (n = 134), Taiwan (n = 217), Egypt (n = 105), and Czech Republic (n = 238). Of 1287 responses, 30.7% (n = 396) screened positive for a depressive disorder: 18.0% (n = 232) for major depressive disorder and 12.7% (n = 164) for another depressive disorder. Depression severity differed internationally (p < 0.001). Emirati students significantly exhibited most depression followed by Czech, American, and Taiwanese students (all ps < 0.001). There was also a difference between students of different countries in terms of personal stigma (p < 0.001), with Emirati students holding more stigmatized personal views than Czech, American, Egyptian, and Taiwanese students (all ps < 0.001). Students similarly demonstrated differences in terms of personal stigma (p < 0.001). Egyptian students exhibited the most perceived stigma followed by Emirati, Taiwanese, American, and Czech students (all ps < 0.001). These findings suggest a high point prevalence of depression among university students and differences in the severity of depression, which has implications for the delivery of mental health care in this population. There were significant differences in terms of personal and perceived stigma between university students, indicating resource allocation for university-based campaigns to reduce depression stigma may need to be tailored to the population. After implementation of stigma reduction programs, future follow-up surveys can be done to compare degrees of stigma before and after the intervention.
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157
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Wang X, Blain SD, Wei D, Yang W, Yang J, Zhuang K, He L, DeYoung CG, Qiu J. The role of frontal-subcortical connectivity in the relation between coping styles and reactivity and downregulation of negative emotion. Brain Cogn 2020; 146:105631. [PMID: 33120205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coping styles (CS) reflect individuals' habitual use of strategies for coping with negative events in daily life. Although research into coping has not reached consistent agreement about classifying coping strategies as either inherently adaptive or maladaptive, the influence of maladaptive CS on mental health is noticeable. CS might also be related to emotion regulation and associated brain systems. Participants (N = 165) completed measurements of CS, trait emotions including trait anxiety, depressive symptoms and happiness and then performed an emotion regulation task, in conjunction with functional MRI. Individual differences in maladaptive CS use were associated with higher trait negative emotionality and higher state reactivity of negative emotion. Concurrent bilateral amygdala-right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) connectivity during passive negative stimulus processing mediated the relation between maladaptive CS and negative emotion ratings. Psychophysiological interaction analyses showed that maladaptive and adaptive CS were linked to patterns of frontal-subcortical connectivity during state emotion regulation. These results suggest that maladaptive CS might be related to negative emotion processing and weaker spontaneous regulation and indicate that maladaptive CS is a risk factor in individual mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Scott D Blain
- Psychology Department, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China; School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Psychology Department, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, MN, USA.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University (SWU), Chongqing 400715, China; Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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158
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Melero S, Orgilés M, Espada JP, Morales A. How does depression facilitate psychological difficulties in children? The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:384-393. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Melero
- Department of Health Psychology Miguel Hernández University Elche (Alicante) Spain
| | - Mireia Orgilés
- Department of Health Psychology Miguel Hernández University Elche (Alicante) Spain
| | - José Pedro Espada
- Department of Health Psychology Miguel Hernández University Elche (Alicante) Spain
| | - Alexandra Morales
- Department of Health Psychology Miguel Hernández University Elche (Alicante) Spain
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159
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Jaspal R, Lopes B, Wignall L. The Coping with Identity Threat Scale: Development and Validation in a University Student Sample. IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2020.1808469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rusi Jaspal
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Barbara Lopes
- Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liam Wignall
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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160
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Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Depression: a Correlational Study Between Economic Sciences and Nursing Science University Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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161
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Ma C, Zhou L, Xu W, Ma S, Wang Y. Associations of physical activity and screen time with suboptimal health status and sleep quality among Chinese college freshmen: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239429. [PMID: 32946516 PMCID: PMC7500622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) with physiological, psychological, and social health-particularly regarding effects on sleep quality-among Chinese college freshmen. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Renmin University of China, in Beijing. A total of 5,233 students were surveyed in September 2015. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire on their demographic characteristics, tobacco and alcohol use, PA, ST, sleep quality, and health status. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the independent and interactive associations between PA and ST with sleep quality and suboptimal health status. In total, 10.43%, 13.18%, and 13.26% of the 5,233 students had physiological, psychological, and social suboptimal health status, respectively. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 37.94%. High ST and high PA were significantly associated with physiological suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16-1.68, and aOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45-0.71), psychological suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21-1.69, and aOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47-0.69), social suboptimal health status (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.50, and aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.77), and poor sleep quality (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.39, and aOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.55-0.76). Additionally, low ST and high PA were interactively negatively associated with poor sleep quality (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45-0.70), physiological suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59), psychological suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39-0.58), and social suboptimal health status (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40-0.59). These findings suggested there are independent and interactive associations of low ST and high PA with poor sleep quality and suboptimal health status among Chinese college freshmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjin Ma
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Long Zhou
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wangli Xu
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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162
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Abstract
The purposes of this study was to assess the youth mental health after the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) occurred in China two weeks later, and to investigate factors of mental health among youth groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted two weeks after the occurrence of COVID-19 in China. A total of 584 youth enrolled in this study and completed the question about cognitive status of COVID-19, the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12), the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Negative coping styles scale. Univariate analysis and univariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that nearly 40.4% the sampled youth were found to be prone to psychological problems and 14.4% the sampled youth with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Univariate logistic regression revealed that youth mental health was significantly related to being less educated (OR = 8.71, 95%CI:1.97-38.43), being the enterprise employee (OR = 2.36, 95%CI:1.09-5.09), suffering from the PTSD symptom (OR = 1.05, 95%CI:1.03-1.07) and using negative coping styles (OR = 1.03, 95%CI:1.00-1.07). Results of this study suggest that nearly 40.4% of the youth group had a tendency to have psychological problems. Thus, this was a remarkable evidence that infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may have an immense influence on youth mental health. Therefor, local governments should develop effective psychological interventions for youth groups, moreover, it is important to consider the educational level and occupation of the youth during the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.,Department of the First Hospital, Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruilin Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zeying Qin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chuanen Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Songli Mei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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163
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Ismail M, Lee KY, Sutrisno Tanjung A, Ahmad Jelani IA, Abdul Latiff R, Abdul Razak H, Ahmad Shauki NI. The prevalence of psychological distress and its association with coping strategies among medical interns in Malaysia: A national-level cross-sectional study. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2020; 13:e12417. [PMID: 32964660 PMCID: PMC8243927 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of psychological distress is increasing worldwide. Stressful working environments and high expectations in medical practice put doctors at high risk of depression, anxiety, and stress, especially among medical interns. Effective coping strategies may reduce psychological distress in the clinical setting. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its association with coping strategies among medical interns in Malaysia. METHOD A total of 431 medical interns at 26 Malaysian Ministry of Health hospitals participated in this cross-sectional study in 2017. Self-administered questionnaires consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, items from DASS and BRIEF COPE were used. Descriptive analysis was done followed by further analysis with chi-square and Spearman correlation tests. RESULTS The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression was 29.7%, 39.9%, and 26.2%, with a significantly higher prevalence among female and younger interns. Three-quarters of them (73.1%) applied problem-focused strategies as the main coping mechanism. Emotion-focused coping strategies showed a significant but weak correlation with anxiety and stress whereas avoidance-based coping strategies were significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress. DISCUSSION Medical internship is a highly grueling period. Besides emphasizing clinical competency, internship training should also impart the practice of healthy coping mechanisms. The vulnerable groups of females and younger interns should be taught positive coping skills so that they are empowered to handle any stressors on their personal and professional lives. Optimum psychological wellbeing of the medical interns can improve the overall work performance and quality of care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Ismail
- Institute for Health ManagementMinistry of HealthShah AlamMalaysia
| | - Kun Yun Lee
- Institute for Health ManagementMinistry of HealthShah AlamMalaysia
| | - Afandy Sutrisno Tanjung
- Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya State Health DepartmentMinistry of HealthKuala LumpurMalaysia
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164
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Moeller RW, Seehuus M, Simonds J, Lorton E, Randle TS, Richter C, Peisch V. The Differential Role of Coping, Physical Activity, and Mindfulness in College Student Adjustment. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1858. [PMID: 32849091 PMCID: PMC7417773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has examined the function of stress management techniques, including coping, physical activity, and mindfulness on college students’ adjustment. The present study examined the differential contributions of three stress management techniques to students’ maladaptation (perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness) and adaptation (self-esteem). Undergraduate students (N = 1185) responded to an online survey. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that all three stress management techniques – coping, physical activity, and mindfulness – were related to the five outcomes as predicted. Higher levels of disengagement coping strategies were related to higher perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. Components of mindfulness emerged as a strong predictor of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Moeller
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Martin Seehuus
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States.,Department of Psychological Science, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jack Simonds
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Eleanor Lorton
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | | | - Cecilia Richter
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Virginia Peisch
- Department of Psychological Science, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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165
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate if study–life integration practice has an influence on young adult students’ mental health. Study–life integration in this paper is viewed from the occurrence of conflict and enrichment between two domains – study life and personal life.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design. A total of 399 young adults from a university in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, were recruited as respondents. The result was analysed using SPSS hierarchical regression method.
Findings
This paper offers empirical evidence on study–life integration influences on young adults’ mental health. The findings from this paper suggested that higher anxiety and social dysfunction symptoms were linked to frequent conflict caused by interference from study to personal lives. The main sources for these conflicts were high academic stress and excessive academic-related behaviour. The findings also suggested that greater academic achievement, although improving young adults’ personal life, was associated with greater symptoms of social dysfunction. On a positive note, the feeling of positive emotion experienced from study life associated with less social dysfunction.
Originality/value
Providing better access to social and community facilities within the institution is essential to help the young adults to effectively bridge the gap between study life and personal life. Opportunity to pursue personal life in the institution can promote a healthier relationship between the study and personal domains among young adults. A healthy relationship between these two domains can nurture positive emotion, which is a key to improving young adults’ mental health.
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166
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Karyotaki E, Cuijpers P, Albor Y, Alonso J, Auerbach RP, Bantjes J, Bruffaerts R, Ebert DD, Hasking P, Kiekens G, Lee S, McLafferty M, Mak A, Mortier P, Sampson NA, Stein DJ, Vilagut G, Kessler RC. Sources of Stress and Their Associations With Mental Disorders Among College Students: Results of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Initiative. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1759. [PMID: 32849042 PMCID: PMC7406671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The college years are stressful for many students. Identifying the sources of stress and their relative importance in leading to clinically significant emotional problems may assist in the development of targeted stress management interventions. The current report examines the distribution and associations of perceived stress across major life areas with 12-month prevalence of common mental disorders in a cross-national sample of first-year college students. The 20,842 respondents were from 24 universities in 9 countries that participated in the World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Logistic regression analysis examined associations of current perceived stress in six life areas (financial situation, health, love life, relationships with family, relationships at work/school, problems experienced by loved ones) with six types of 12-month mental disorders (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder). Population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) were calculated to estimate the upper-bound potential effects of interventions focused on perceived stress in reducing prevalence of mental disorders. The majority of students (93.7%) reported at least some stress in at least one of the six areas. A significant dose-response association was found between extent of stress in each life area and increased odds of at least one of the six disorders. The multivariable models that included all stress measures were significant for all disorders (F = 20.6–70.6, p < 0.001). Interpretation of PARPs as representing causal effects of stresses on disorders suggests that up to 46.9–80.0% of 12-month disorder prevalence might be eliminated if stress prevention interventions were developed to block the associations of stress with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yesica Albor
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David D Ebert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Glenn Kiekens
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sue Lee
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret McLafferty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy A Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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167
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Schuette SA, Zucker NL, Smoski MJ. Do interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility predict emotion regulation? PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:1894-1908. [PMID: 32556535 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interoception refers to awareness, interpretation, and integration of sensations in the body. While interoceptive accuracy has long been regarded as a core component of emotional experience, less is known about the relationship of interoceptive accuracy and related facets of interoception to emotion regulation deficits. This study explores how interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility relate to emotion regulation in a non-clinical sample. METHODS Undergraduate participants completed a heartbeat perception task and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (Noticing and Body Listening sub-scales), and rated their confidence in performance on the heartbeat perception task. Participants also completed self-report measures of emotional awareness and regulation (Profile of Emotional Competence, intrapersonal emotion identification and emotion regulation sub-scales), and rated their use of different coping strategies (Brief COPE). RESULTS Noticing predicted emotion identification, emotion regulation, and the use of adaptive but not maladaptive coping strategies. Heartbeat perception accuracy did not significantly contribute to the prediction of any outcome variables. DISCUSSION Future work is needed to extend these findings to clinical populations. The results from this study support the use of interoceptive training interventions to promote emotional wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Schuette
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Psychiatry, Civitan Building, DUMC Box 3026, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Nancy L Zucker
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Moria J Smoski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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168
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Casagrande K, Frost KM, Bailey KM, Ingersoll BR. Positive Predictors of Life Satisfaction for Autistic College Students and Their Neurotypical Peers. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2020; 2:163-170. [PMID: 36601573 PMCID: PMC8992850 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2019.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Positive psychological traits are associated with higher life satisfaction, academic success, and fewer mental health problems in neurotypical (NT) college students. However, it is unclear whether this is similar for autistic students. This study explores college-specific positive traits, including academic satisfaction, self-efficacy, gratitude, and school connectedness, and their relationship with life satisfaction in autistic college students and their NT peers. Method Autistic (n = 42) and NT (n = 50) college students completed an online survey containing measures of autistic traits, college well-being, and life satisfaction. We explored differences in life satisfaction and college well-being between groups using analysis of variances and explored these relationships based on self-reported autistic traits across groups using correlations. We assessed whether a relationship between college-specific well-being and life satisfaction was moderated by autistic traits using linear regression. Results Results showed emerging differences in school connectedness such that autistic students were less likely to report feeling connected despite similar scores on other domains of college well-being and life satisfaction; correcting for multiple comparisons this difference was no longer significant. However, autistic traits were significantly related to life satisfaction and school connectedness across the full sample. Differences in school connectedness also explained a significant amount of variance in life satisfaction over and above the influence of autistic traits. The interaction between connectedness and autistic traits was not significant. Conclusions Results suggests that students who experience higher levels of connection with their university and peers, regardless of the number of autistic traits they endorse, report higher satisfaction with life. Given the importance of social connectedness in college-specific and overall well-being, significant attention should be paid to the protective role of social support systems in addition to academic services when understanding how to support autistic individuals as well as individuals who do not meet diagnostic criteria, but share some similar clinical traits. Lay summary What was the purpose of this study?: College well-being is related to life satisfaction in neurotypical (NT) college students. However, it is unclear whether this is similar for autistic college students. The purpose of this study was to understand how different aspects of college well-being support life satisfaction in autistic college students compared with their NT peers.What did the researchers do?: We invited both autistic and NT college students to complete an online survey. The survey asked about college well-being and life satisfaction. We looked at similarities and differences in responses between autistic and NT students. We also looked at whether college well-being was related to life satisfaction and whether that depended on the number of autistic traits that individuals selected to describe themselves.What were the results of the study?: We found that there were no group differences between autistic and NT college students in their overall college well-being or life satisfaction. However, there were differences in life satisfaction and one individual aspect of college well-being, school connectedness, based on autistic traits. Students with more autistic traits were less likely to report feeling connected to their university and peers and were less satisfied with life overall. We also found that school connectedness and the number of autistic traits, rather than diagnostic status, were related to life satisfaction. Students who feel more connected to their university and peers, regardless of the number of autistic traits they endorse, report higher satisfaction with life.What do these findings add to what was already known?: While there are many studies of life satisfaction in autistic individuals, most focus on the negative aspects. Our study is the first to look at positive factors, such as college well-being, in autistic students and their NT peers. This is important because both autistic and NT students struggle with academics, social isolation, and mental health in college. However, understanding the positive traits that can help counteract those challenges is important in supporting all students in college. Our findings show that both autistic traits and school connectedness are important, but separate, components for understanding life satisfaction in college students with and without autism.What are the potential weaknesses in the study?: This study only recruited autistic participants from disability resource centers of 4-year colleges, so students who were attending community colleges, private institutions, or who did not disclose their diagnosis to the disability resource centers were not included. As autistic students may be more likely to attend community or private colleges or may not disclose their diagnostic status, our results may not apply to other people. Our sample of students was also small, which limits our ability to find differences and have confidence in the results.How will these findings help autistic adults?: These findings show the importance of social integration for the well-being of neurodivergent and NT college students and support ongoing requests from autistic students for more nonacademic supports in college. Screening for college well-being and improving social integration are potential ways to increase life satisfaction for neurodivergent college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karís Casagrande
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle M. Frost
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Bailey
- Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brooke R. Ingersoll
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Address correspondence to: Brooke R. Ingersoll, PhD, BCBA-D, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, Room 105B, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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169
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Herbert C, Meixner F, Wiebking C, Gilg V. Regular Physical Activity, Short-Term Exercise, Mental Health, and Well-Being Among University Students: The Results of an Online and a Laboratory Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:509. [PMID: 32528333 PMCID: PMC7264390 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of regular physical activity and aerobic exercise are undisputed in the literature. The present series of pilot studies had two major objectives: (a) examine mental health, well-being, and regular physical activity of university students and (b) explore the potential health benefits of short-term aerobic exercise on university students in an online and a laboratory study. Mental health and well-being were measured before (Time 1, T1) and after (Time 2, T2) a 6 week (online study) and 2 week (laboratory study) low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention. Mental health and well-being were assessed using standardized self-report measures of depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, perceived stress and coping strategies, body dissatisfaction, and quality of life. The effects of the aerobic exercise were compared to a cognitive non-exercise control condition (online study), motor coordination exercise (laboratory study), and a waiting list (online and laboratory). A total of 185 university students were recruited from German universities at T1. Further, 74 (women: n = 67) students completed the 6-week intervention. Similarly, 32 (women: n = 30) participants completed the 2 week intervention (laboratory study). At T1, 36.6% of the students (women and men) reported experiencing depressive symptoms. 41.83% of them (women and men) had high levels of state anxiety. All the students reported experiencing stress (e.g., due to uncertainty related to factors such as their finances, job, and social relationships). At T1, regular physical activity was negatively correlated with self-reported depression, anxiety, and perceived psychosomatic stress and positively correlated with quality of life and positive affect. Among women, cardiovascular fitness (operationalized as resting heart rate variability) was negatively correlated with self-reported anxiety (state) and depression at T1 (laboratory study). The 6 week aerobic exercise intervention resulted in significant improvements in self-reported depression, overall perceived stress, and perceived stress due to uncertainty. The present results confirm that there is a relationship between regular physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, mental health, and well-being among university students. They support the hypothesis that short-term aerobic exercise interventions can act as buffer against depression and perceived stress in university students after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise of low to moderate intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Herbert
- Department of Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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170
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Zhao Y, An Y, Tan X, Li X. Mental Health and Its Influencing Factors among Self-Isolating Ordinary Citizens during the Beginning Epidemic of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2020.1761592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Tan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Northern IllinoisUniversity, IL, USA
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171
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Satici B, Gocet-Tekin E, Deniz ME, Satici SA. Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 19:1980-1988. [PMID: 32395095 PMCID: PMC7207987 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of an infectious disease called COVID-19 which has drawn global intensive attention. While global attention is largely focusing on the effects of the coronavirus on physical health, the impacts of the coronavirus on psychological health cannot be overlooked. Therefore, this study aims to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale into Turkish and investigate the relationships between fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Data were collected by convenience sampling method, which allowed us to reach total 1304 participants, aged between 18 and 64 years, from 75 cities in Turkey. In the adaptation process of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, confirmatory factor analysis, Item Response Theory, convergent validity, and reliability (Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω, Guttmann's λ6, and composite reliability) analyses were performed. Additionally, the mediating role of psychological distress on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and life satisfaction was tested. The uni-dimensionality of the 7-item scale was confirmed on a Turkish sample. Item Response Theory revealed that all items were coherent and fit with the model. The results indicated that the Turkish version of the scale had satisfactory reliability coefficients. The fear of COVID-19 was found to be associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction. Results indicated that the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale had strong psychometric properties. This scale will allow mental health professionals to do research on the psychological impacts of COVID-19 in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Satici
- Department of Educational Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Emine Gocet-Tekin
- Department of Foreign Languages, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - M. Engin Deniz
- Department of Educational Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seydi Ahmet Satici
- Department of Educational Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
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172
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Chan BSM, Meng F, Yang T, Luo X, Huang C. Association of ADHD symptoms, depression and suicidal behaviors with anxiety in Chinese medical college students. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:180. [PMID: 32321462 PMCID: PMC7175542 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorder and imposes a great burden on both the individual and the society. Previous studies indicate a high comorbidity of anxiety disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have examined the comorbidity of anxiety and ADHD among medical college students in mainland China. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of anxiety and the associated risk factor of anxiety disorder as well as to explore the association between ADHD symptoms, depression, suicidal behaviors and anxiety. METHODS A cross-sectional design was employed among 4882 medical college students who were recruited and enrolled with convenience sampling. Self-reported demographic information and clinical characteristics were collected online on a computer or through a social media app named Wechat. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety in this study was 19.9%. Students with anxiety were more likely to have a poor relationship with parents, be of Han nationality, have smoking or drinking habits, have an extensive physical disorder history and have engaged in suicidal behaviors. The independent risk factors for anxiety were: smoking, physical disorder history, suicidal ideations, suicide attempts, inattention and hyperactivity. Significant associations were observed between anxiety and depression, inattention, hyperactivity, suicide plans and suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one in five medical students suffered from anxiety. The findings of this study indicate the importance of addressing both anxiety and ADHD symptoms in order to better promote mental health and the well-being of medical students as well as reduce suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,The Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bella Siu Man Chan
- The Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fanchao Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Chunxiang Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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173
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Imperatori C, Bersani FS, Massullo C, Carbone GA, Salvati A, Mazzi G, Cicerale G, Carrara A, Farina B. Neurophysiological correlates of religious coping to stress: a preliminary EEG power spectra investigation. Neurosci Lett 2020; 728:134956. [PMID: 32278941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Religious coping to psychological stress has been linked to positive outcomes on both physical and mental health, but no studies have explored its neurophysiological correlates. Ninety-six participants (43 men and 53 women, mean age: 22.30 ± 2.48 years) were enrolled in the present study; they underwent an evaluation of coping with the brief version of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (brief-COPE) scale and performed an eyes-closed resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. EEG analyses were conducted with the exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography software (eLORETA). Positive correlations between religious coping and EEG activity were observed in the theta frequency band in the right hemisphere, specifically in the superior temporal, inferior frontal, and middle temporal gyri. Religious coping scores were significantly positively associated with active coping and positive reframing coping strategies, with the latter not being significantly associated with EEG data. Taken together our results contribute to increase the knowledge on the neurophysiological concomitants of religious coping to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Italy, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Bersani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Massullo
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Italy, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alessio Carbone
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Italy, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Salvati
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Italy, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mazzi
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Italy, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Cicerale
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Italy, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Carrara
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Italy, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy; Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Farina
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Italy, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163 Rome, Italy
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174
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Public Acceptance of Renewable Energy Sources: a Case Study from the Czech Republic. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The substitution of traditional energy production with renewable energy sources (RES) in the European Union (EU) represents a multidimensional issue with its pros and cons viewed differently by governments, technology companies, markets, as well as the general public. There are significant public doubts in expediency of investments in renewables in place. Our paper studies the factors related to the public opinion on renewables using a reasonable and representative sample of respondents (N = 1026) from one of the EU Member States, the Czech Republic, via a set of ordinal regression analyses with spline correction for ordinal predictors. Our results suggest that the population of the Czech Republic is split in half in its trust in renewables as a substitute to traditional energy sources. In addition, our results show that the opinions on renewables in the Czech Republic are significantly related to personal concerns on environmental protection and worries about use of nuclear energy. Moreover, we find that traditional mass media is not statistically significant, even though internet news channels and social media were statistically related to the opinions (negatively and positively, respectively). The comparison of the responses with respect to the frequency of following social media support the hypothesis of the media bubble. The empirical results indicate that public opinions on renewables are likely to be built on the information sources vulnerable to hoaxes, bubbles, and misinformation. We conclude that more media presentation on RES is needed and make some practical suggestions for the stakeholders, journalists, and relevant policymakers.
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175
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Effects of mindfulness meditation on anxiety, depression, stress, and mindfulness in nursing students: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. FRONTIERS OF NURSING 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/fon-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation (MM) on anxiety, depression, stress and mindfulness in nursing students.
Methods
A comprehensive search and screening procedures were conducted to locate all MM interventions implemented with nursing students. For randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in accordance with the inclusion criteria, a search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China Biology Medicine (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang. Databases were retrieved from inception through August 2018. Additional studies were identified through hand searches and Internet searches. Two reviewers collected relevant data of eligible articles according to the data extraction tables. Based on Cochrane Handbook, critical appraisal of the methodological quality was assessed by two other reviewers. An Excel form was used to extract main characteristics of included RCTs. Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were carried out using software RevMan 5.3 and TSA 0.9.
Results
Five RCTs with 257 nursing students were included. Only two studies were assessed as high quality and three studies were evaluated as moderate quality. Meta-analysis showed that, comparing with the control group, MM could significantly improve anxiety (SMD = −0.45, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.17, P = 0.001) and stress (SMD = −0.69, 95% CI −0.97 to −0.40, P < 0.001). TSA results confirmed that the outcome of the merger is credible. It could also significantly improve depression level of nursing students after 8 weeks intervention duration (SMD = −0.70, 95% CI −1.14 to −0.26, P = 0.002). However, there was no beneficial effect on depression level of nursing students with 1 week intervention duration (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI −0.42 to 0.59, P = 0.74) and its effects on mindfulness level of nursing students also did not show statistical significance (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.77, P = 0.07). No definitive conclusions were drawn from the TSA.
Conclusions
The results of this meta-analysis indicated that MM could effectively reduce the level of anxiety and stress of nursing students. TSA confirmed that the results of meta-analysis are credible. For depression, it could also significantly improve depression of nursing students with 8 weeks intervention, but there was no significant effect on nursing students with 1 week intervention duration. There was also no beneficial effect on mindfulness level of nursing students. However, TSA indicated that the accumulated evidence is still inconclusive. We suggest that more well-designed clinical trials with large sample and higher quality would be required in future to draw a definitive conclusion.
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176
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Navarro-Mateu D, Alonso-Larza L, Gómez-Domínguez MT, Prado-Gascó V, Valero-Moreno S. I'm Not Good for Anything and That's Why I'm Stressed: Analysis of the Effect of Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence on Student Stress Using SEM and QCA. Front Psychol 2020; 11:295. [PMID: 32231608 PMCID: PMC7082421 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress negatively affects the well-being and the quality of life of the society. Specifically in the academic context, it is relevant to analyze its levels due to its impact on performance and learning. There are factors that affect the said stress including, among others, self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence. The purpose of this study is to analyze how emotional intelligence and perceived self-efficacy affect student stress. In order to show this influence, two complementary methodologies are implemented: the structural equation models (SEMs) and the comparative qualitative analysis (QCA). A total of 477 students (85% of women) from a private University of Valencia participated in the study, with ages ranging from 18 to 53 years old (M = 21.57, SD = 3.68). The assessment instruments used were as follows: Emotional Intelligence Scale (TMMS-24) to measure emotional intelligence; General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS) to measure self-efficacy; and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure stress. The results in the SEM endorse the hypotheses that emotional clarity and self-efficacy are negatively related to stress and positively related to emotional attention (EA), explaining 25% of the variance. The QCA results show that none of the variables is a necessary condition for inducing stress. Nevertheless, different combinations of these variables are sufficient conditions to explain 35% of the high stress levels. The most important combination over high stress levels seems to be the interaction between high levels of EA and low levels of self-efficacy. Regarding the low levels of perceived stress, there are sufficient conditions to explain 50% of them. Mainly, the most important interaction is between low levels of self-efficacy and low levels of EA. The comparison of both methodologies enables the broadening of new horizons at the methodological level applicable to different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Navarro-Mateu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Educational Needs, Faculty of Psychology, Teaching and Educational Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Alonso-Larza
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Educational Needs, Faculty of Psychology, Teaching and Educational Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Domínguez
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Educational Needs, Faculty of Psychology, Teaching and Educational Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Prado-Gascó
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Selene Valero-Moreno
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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177
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Van Swol LM, Chang CT, Kerr B, Moreno M. Linguistic Predictors of Problematic Drinking in Alcohol-related Facebook Posts. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:214-222. [PMID: 32096449 PMCID: PMC7654720 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1731632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging adults often increase problematic drinking during college. Although they generally do not seek help for problematic drinking, college students discuss their drinking on social media. This study followed college students' Facebook profiles from the inception of their attendance at a university and identified alcohol-related posts. Within 28 days of their first alcohol-related Facebook post, participants were interviewed to assess problematic drinking (binge drinking episodes and number of drinks). Linguistic analysis of alcohol-related Facebook posts found that use of negative emotion language and swear words were related to problematic drinking, in support of proposed hypotheses. Results are situated within alcohol use disorder and health research examining the link between problematic drinking and anxiety, deviant behavior, and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn M. Van Swol
- Department of Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Chen-Ting Chang
- Department of Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Bradley Kerr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Megan Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison
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178
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Rodriguez LM, Lee KDM, Onufrak J, Dell JB, Quist M, Drake HP, Bryan J. Effects of a brief interpersonal conflict cognitive reappraisal intervention on improvements in access to emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in college students. Psychol Health 2020; 35:1207-1227. [PMID: 32077321 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1711090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Research has demonstrated relative success with brief interventions that utilize social psychological theory to target the root cause of unwanted behaviours. Given the intersections among anxious attachment, depression, and emotion dysregulation, the current research utilises an interpersonal conflict cognitive reappraisal intervention to evaluate improvements in depressive symptoms. We also evaluated mediation via improvements in emotion regulation and moderation by attachment anxiety. Design: Undergraduates (N = 260) completed a baseline assessment and were randomised to one of four writing conditions: An interpersonal conflict from (a) their own perspective; (b) the other party's perspective; or (c) a neutral, third-party perspective (primary experimental condition) or about their day (control condition). They also completed a follow-up survey online two weeks later. Main outcome measures included limited access to emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms. Results: Consistent with hypotheses, compared to control, participants who adopted the perspective of neutral third party reported improvements in access to emotion regulation strategies. There was also a significant indirect effect on depressive symptoms through changes in strategies. Finally, improving strategies led to a reduction in depressive symptoms, especially for those higher in attachment anxiety. Conclusion: We present promising emerging results for a single-session, conflict-focused, brief cognitive reappraisal intervention on changes in emotion regulation and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Katherine D M Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - James Onufrak
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jaclyn B Dell
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Quist
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Hunter P Drake
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Bryan
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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179
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Gao W, Ping S, Liu X. Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: A longitudinal study from China. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:292-300. [PMID: 31818792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the gender differences in college students' depression, anxiety, and stress over the four academic years, and to explore possible anxiety-related factors among first year students. METHODS The study analyzed 1892 undergraduate students from 15 universities in China, with 898 females and 994 males. The students have been followed for four years and completed a survey containing the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 questionnaire, students' socio-demographic information, and their educational background, etc. RESULTS: (1) On average, both female and male college students suffered from mild anxiety in the first three years. Female students scored significantly higher in anxiety than males in the first and second years, and there was no significant gender difference in students' average depression and stress levels. (2) A significantly larger proportion of female students experienced anxiety above the normal threshold, whereas a higher percentage of male students endured different degrees of depression; no significant gender differences were found in stress problems. (3) Anxiety had a significant positive correlation with introversion. Female freshmen's anxiety levels were also associated with their body image, drinking habits, and academic performance. LIMITATIONS Response bias may exist considering that self-reported data was used. Due to data unavailability, we only explored the anxiety-related factors in freshman year, which cannot sufficiently reflect the consistency of correlations over time. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety turned out to be the most prevalent and serious issue for college students, especially for female students; while a growing prevalence of depression was found among male students during college. It is of great significance to adopt collegiate policies reflecting the gender differentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Gao
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Siqing Ping
- Department of Public Policy & Management, Guangzhou Administration School, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xinqiao Liu
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; China Institute for Educational Finance Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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180
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Zhang M, Bridler R, Mohr C, Moragrega I, Sun N, Xu Z, Yang Z, Possenti M, Stassen HH. Early Detection of the Risk of Developing Psychiatric Disorders: A Study of 461 Chinese University Students under Chronic Stress. Psychopathology 2020; 52:367-377. [PMID: 32053817 PMCID: PMC7158233 DOI: 10.1159/000505787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress, a characteristic of modern time, has a significant impact on general health. In the context of psychiatric disorders, insufficient coping behavior under chronic stress has been linked to higher rates of (1) depressive symptoms among subjects of the general population, (2) relapse among patients under treatment for clinical depression, and (3) negative symptoms among subjects with an elevated vulnerability to psychosis. In this normative study we assessed basic coping behavior among 461 Chinese freshman university students along with their consumption behavior and general health in terms of regular exercises, physical health, psychosomatic disturbances, and mental health. The assessments relied on two instruments that have already demonstrated their capability of (1) reliably detecting insufficient coping behavior under chronic stress and (2) reliably quantifying the interrelation between coping behavior and mental health in the Western world. Thus, we aimed to complement existing data and to develop a generally available, socioculturally independent tool that can be used for the early detection of subjects with an elevated risk of mental health problems. Structural analyses yielded essentially the same scales "activity" and "defeatism" as previous studies on 2,500 students from Switzerland, Italy, Spain, the USA, and Argentina. These scales explained 74.3% of the observed variance in coping behavior among the 461 Chinese students. We found highly significant correlations (p < 0.0001) between the "defeatism" scale on the one hand, and the scales "regular use of medicine," "psychosomatic disturbances," and "impaired mental health" on the other. Particularly intriguing was the finding that a neural net classifier could be constructed to identify students with the highest contributions to the interrelation between "coping behavior" and "mental health," yielding a correlation coefficient as high as r = 0.597 for the respective subgroup. Based on the normative data, an online tool for risk assessments was developed with immediate feedback to users. This study provided another piece of evidence regarding the close link between basic coping behavior and mental health, across cultures and ethnicities. In consequence, our approach to quantifying basic coping behavior, along with other risk factors, can be expected to clear the way for an "early" detection of students with an elevated risk of stress-related mental health problems, nota bene prior to the development of clinically relevant symptoms. The socioeconomic impact of the potential prevention of depressive -disorders, and psychiatric disorders in general, may be enormous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Christine Mohr
- Department of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ines Moragrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ningning Sun
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyue Xu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zimo Yang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michela Possenti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Hans H Stassen
- Institute for Response-Genetics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (KPPP), Zurich, Switzerland,
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181
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Moeller RW, Seehuus M, Peisch V. Emotional Intelligence, Belongingness, and Mental Health in College Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:93. [PMID: 32076414 PMCID: PMC7006433 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems are prevalent amongst today's college students and psychosocial stress has been identified as a strong contributing factor. Conversely, research has documented that emotional intelligence (EQ) is a protective factor for depression, anxiety and stress (mental health problems). However, the underlying mechanism whereby EQ may support stronger mental health is currently not well understood. This study used regression analyses to examine the hypothesis that belongingness (inclusion, rejection) partially mediates the effects of EQ (attention, clarity, repair) on psychological well-being in a large sample (N = 2,094) of undergraduate students. Results supported the mediation hypotheses for all three EQ components and highlighted that the effects of rejection on psychological well-being were particularly strong. In line with prior research, our results indicate that prevention and intervention efforts with college students could explicitly target EQ skills in an effort to reduce perceived rejection and promote student well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Moeller
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Martin Seehuus
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Virginia Peisch
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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182
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Maykrantz SA, Houghton JD. Self-leadership and stress among college students: Examining the moderating role of coping skills †. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:89-96. [PMID: 30257135 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1515759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Stress remains a major health concern among college students today. Consequently, research on student stress is imperative, from both an organizational and an individual perspective. This research study explores the moderating role of coping skills on the relationship between self-leadership and stress among college students. Participants: Data from 643 full-time undergraduate students attending a 4-year public university in the mid-Atlantic region were collected in February 2017 and analyzed using a moderated regression model. Results: The results indicate self-leadership practices do reduce student stress levels and that this relationship is moderated by student coping skills. Conclusion: The findings from this study deepen our understanding of how self-leadership practices may decrease student stress and showcases self-leadership as an effective tool for reducing college student stress.
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183
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Zheng Z, Han W, Zhou Y, Zhang N. Childhood Maltreatment and Depression in Adulthood in Chinese Female College Students: The Mediating Effect of Coping Style. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:581564. [PMID: 33240133 PMCID: PMC7678483 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most common psychological disorder of female, with high disability rate and remarkable mortality rate. There is a lack of knowledge about childhood experience, coping style, and adult depression. The aim of the present research was to enrich this knowledge by investigating the mediating effect of coping style between childhood maltreatment and depression in adulthood in Chinese female college students. Self-report questionnaires assessing childhood maltreatment, depression, and coping style were completed in 738 participants. The results illustrated that childhood maltreatment was positively related to depression in adulthood while coping style was negatively related to depression. In addition, childhood maltreatment could influence adult depression through the mediating role of coping style. These findings indicate that childhood maltreatment and negative coping style are associated with depression in adulthood. Psychological intervention strategies for coping style could provide effective treatment direction for depression caused by childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyue Han
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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184
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Zhu J, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang H, Fan A, Yang B, Li W, Xiao S. Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in the First-Line Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19 in Gansu. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:386. [PMID: 32411034 PMCID: PMC7202136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has brought enormous physical and psychological pressure on Chinese medical staff. It is extremely important to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-line anti-epidemic medical staff and their coping styles for these negative emotions. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gansu (China), with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). A total of 79 doctors and 86 nurses participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between SAS, SDS, and SCSQ score. A linear regression model was used to determine the influencing factors for anxiety or depression symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression symptoms among doctors was 11.4% and 45.6%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety (T=-2.644, p= 0.010, 95%CI: -10.514~-1.481) was shown to be a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in doctors, while being male (T=2.970, p=0.004, 95%CI: 2.667~13.521) was a protective factor for depression. The prevalence rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among nurses was 27.9% and 43.0%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety was a common risk factor for anxiety symptoms (T=-3.635, p=0.000, 95%CI: -16.360~-4.789) and depression symptoms (T=-2.835, p=0.005, 95%CI:-18.238~-3.254) in nurses. The results of partial correlation analysis (controlled for gender and history of depression or anxiety) indicated that the total score of positive coping was negatively correlated with the total score of anxiety (r=-0.182, p=0.002) and depression (r=-0.253, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The first-line anti-epidemic medical staff have high anxiety and depression symptoms and adopting positive coping styles will help to improve their negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ajiao Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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185
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Dwivedi A, Rastogi R. Predicting Social Well-being Using Time Perspective in Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0972063419884416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study provides an insight into the issue of social well-being of emerging adults in the Indian context and introduces time perspective (TP) as an individual factor that could influence it. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study is basically correlational in nature. Data were collected from 130 participants; of these, 84.61 per cent ( n = 110) were male and 15.38 per cent ( n = 20) female. The mean age of students was 18.5 years; all are the students of different technological institutes of Roorkee. The responses of the participants had been collected using two questionnaires: Zimbardo time inventory (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1271–1288) and social well-being inventory (Keyes, 1998). Multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis. Findings: The results demonstrated that future TP emerges as a significant predictor of social well-being. Originality/Value: The study offers a model that extends the scope of previous researches in the field of social health. It provides a new research paradigm to the area of emerging adulthood and introduces some individual factors that could produce variance in emerging adults’ social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Dwivedi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Renu Rastogi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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186
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Lowe-Calverley E, Grieve R, Padgett C. A risky investment? Examining the outcomes of emotional investment in Instagram. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2019.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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187
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Irie T, Yokomitsu K, Sakano Y. Relationship between cognitive behavioral variables and mental health status among university students: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223310. [PMID: 31560719 PMCID: PMC6764683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for improving mental health problems among university students. However, intervention components have different effects on mental health problems. This paper is a meta-analysis of the data concerning the relationship between cognitive behavioral variables and mental health status among university students. A total of five electronic databases were reviewed, and 876 articles met the initial selection criteria. Reviewers applied standardized coding schemes to extract the correlational relationship between cognitive behavioral variables and mental health status. A total of 55 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Correlations were found for three cognitive behavioral variables (attention, thought, and behavior) across nine mental health domains (negative affect, positive affect, happiness, social function, stress response, psychological symptom, quality of life, well-being, and general health). Across each cognitive behavioral process and all mental health domains, the estimated mean correlation was medium (r = .32 - .46), and varied by the domain of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Irie
- School of Education and Culture, Hokusho University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Graduate School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kengo Yokomitsu
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakano
- School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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188
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Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders and is associated with significant impairments in academic, occupational, and social functioning. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown to be an effective treatment for GAD; however, little research has examined its effectiveness with individuals of Asian heritage. In fact, as a result of limited use of mental health services within the Asian population, there is little psychotherapy research for this population. The present case examined whether a well-established CBT protocol, Mastering Your Anxiety and Worry (MAW), can be tailored in a culturally responsive manner to consider factors and values that influence well-being and functioning. Treatment consisted of 27 sessions over a 6-month period, with outcome data demonstrating a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms at the end of treatment. Results revealed statistically reliable clinical change on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) using Western norms and norms for a Chinese sample. This case demonstrates the potential cross-cultural utility of CBT for GAD for individuals of Asian heritage.
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189
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Auerbach RP, Mortier P, Bruffaerts R, Alonso J, Benjet C, Cuijpers P, Demyttenaere K, Ebert DD, Green JG, Hasking P, Lee S, Lochner C, McLafferty M, Nock MK, Petukhova MV, Pinder‐Amaker S, Rosellini AJ, Sampson NA, Vilagut G, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler RC. Mental disorder comorbidity and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student initiative. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2019; 28:e1752. [PMID: 30450753 PMCID: PMC6877246 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comorbidity is a common feature of mental disorders. However, needs assessment surveys focus largely on individual disorders rather than on comorbidity even though the latter is more important for predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In the current report, we take a step beyond this conventional approach by presenting data on the prevalence and correlates (sociodemographic factors, college-related factors, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors) of the main multivariate profiles of common comorbid Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV disorders among students participating in the first phase of the World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student initiative. METHOD A web-based mental health survey was administered to first year students in 19 colleges across eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, United States; 45.5% pooled response rate) to screen for seven common DSM-IV mental disorders: major depression, mania/hypomania, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, alcohol use disorder, and drug use disorder. We focus on the 14,348 respondents who provided complete data; 38.4% screened positive for at least one 12-month disorder. RESULTS Multivariate disorder profiles were detected using latent class analysis (LCA). The least common class (C1; 1.9% of students) was made up of students with high comorbidity (four or more disorders, the majority including mania/hypomania). The remaining 12-month cases had profiles of internalizing-externalizing comorbidity (C2; 5.8%), internalizing comorbidity (C3; 14.6%), and pure disorders (C4; 16.1%). The 1.9% of students in C1 had much higher prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than other students. Specifically, 15.4% of students in C1 made a suicide attempt in the 12 months before the survey compared with 1.3-2.6% of students with disorders in C2-4, 0.2% of students with lifetime disorders but no 12-month disorders (C5), and 0.1% of students with no lifetime disorders (C6). CONCLUSIONS In line with prior research, comorbid mental disorders were common; however, sociodemographic correlates of LCA profiles were modest. The high level of comorbidity underscores the need to develop and test transdiagnostic approaches for treatment in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum, Campus GasthuisbergKatholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC‐KUL)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum, Campus GasthuisbergKatholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC‐KUL)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial ResearchNational Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente MuñizMexico CityMexico
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum, Campus GasthuisbergKatholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC‐KUL)LeuvenBelgium
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyFriedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Jennifer Greif Green
- Wheelock College of Education and Human DevelopmentBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Penelope Hasking
- School of PsychologyCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sue Lee
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Christine Lochner
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of PsychologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Maria V. Petukhova
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | | | | | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Alan M. Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
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190
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Alonso J, Vilagut G, Mortier P, Auerbach RP, Bruffaerts R, Cuijpers P, Demyttenaere K, Ebert DD, Ennis E, Gutiérrez‐García RA, Green JG, Hasking P, Lee S, Bantjes J, Nock MK, Pinder‐Amaker S, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler RC. The role impairment associated with mental disorder risk profiles in the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2019; 28:e1750. [PMID: 30402985 PMCID: PMC6877266 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the contribution of mental comorbidity to role impairment among college students. METHODS Web-based self-report surveys from 14,348 first-year college students (Response Rate [RR] = 45.5%): 19 universities, eight countries of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. We assessed impairment (Sheehan Disability Scales and number of days out of role [DOR] in the past 30 days) and seven 12-month DSM-IV disorders. We defined six multivariate mental disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA). We simulated population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of impairment. RESULTS Highest prevalence of role impairment was highest among the 1.9% of students in the LCA class with very high comorbidity and bipolar disorder (C1): 78.3% of them had severe role impairment (vs. 20.8%, total sample). Impairment was lower in two other comorbid classes (C2 and C3) and successively lower in the rest. A similar monotonic pattern was found for DOR. Both LCA classes and some mental disorders (major depression and panic, in particular) were significant predictors of role impairment. PARP analyses suggest that eliminating all mental disorders might reduce severe role impairment by 64.6% and DOR by 44.3%. CONCLUSIONS Comorbid mental disorders account for a substantial part of role impairment in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)BarcelonaSpain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)BarcelonaSpain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum—Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC‐KUL), Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum—Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC‐KUL), Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum—Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC‐KUL), Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - David D. Ebert
- Department for Psychology, Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyFriedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen NurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Edel Ennis
- School of PsychologyUlster UniversityLondonderryUK
| | | | | | | | - Sue Lee
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Psychology DepartmentStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of PsychologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alan M. Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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191
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Riley KE, Cruess DG, Park CL, Tigershtrom A, Laurenceau JP. Anxiety and Depression Predict the Paths Through Which Rumination Acts on Behavior: A Daily Diary Study. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2019.38.5.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Rumination—thinking passively, negatively, and repetitively—is a common cognitive process that is associated with poor health behaviors. Rumination impacts health behaviors through two distinct behavioral pathways: acting too quickly (impulsivity) or not acting at all (amotivation), though no research to date has examined the conditions under which rumination may manifest in these two disparate behavioral paths. The presence of anxiety and depression may lead to the behavioral manifestations of rumination, which may then differentially impact health behavior patterns. In this study, we tested whether individuals reporting anxiety who ruminate will then act impulsively and individuals reporting depression who ruminate will then not act in the context of their daily health behaviors. Methods: We recruited 285 college students (mean age = 19.3; 76.8% female; 79.4% Caucasian) and had them complete a baseline survey and an 11-day online daily diary to assess associations among anxiety, depression, rumination, and health behaviors. Results: Rumination predicted health behaviors through both impulsivity and amotivation as expected. Moderation models revealed that rumination in the context of anxiety leads to impulsivity and rumination in the context of depression leads to amotivation. Limitations: The undergraduate sample limits the generalizability of this data. Discussion: These results show that those who report depression or anxiety are likely to experience more daily rumination and the deleterious behavioral manifestations of that rumination, which then affects health behavior engagement or avoidance. Future behavioral health interventions can perhaps specifically target impulsivity among individuals reporting anxiety and amotivation among individuals reporting depression in order to promote more healthy behaviors.
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192
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Ashworth M, Palikara O, Van Herwegen J. Comparing parental stress of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: The case of Williams syndrome, Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 32:1047-1057. [PMID: 30950174 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although parental stress is higher for children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs), it is unclear how this stress compares to more common NDs. The current study compared stress in parents of children with Williams syndrome (WS), Down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The impact of individual and contextual factors was also explored. METHOD Parents of children with WS (n = 107), DS (n = 79) and ASD (n = 79) completed a background questionnaire, a parental stress questionnaire and a satisfaction with life questionnaire. RESULTS Although all groups displayed similar levels of parental stress, the factors that influenced this stress differed between the groups. There were also differences for life satisfaction and relationships between parental stress and individual and contextual factors. CONCLUSIONS Although parents of children with NDs are not at an increased risk of parental stress, the results suggest that interventions should be syndrome-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ashworth
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | | | - Jo Van Herwegen
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK.,Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
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193
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Dvořáková K, Greenberg MT, Roeser RW. On the role of mindfulness and compassion skills in students' coping, well-being, and development across the transition to college: A conceptual analysis. Stress Health 2019; 35:146-156. [PMID: 30516320 PMCID: PMC6491916 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we aim to integrate the current conceptual approaches to stress and coping processes during the college transition with the potential role of mindfulness and compassion (MC) skills on students' well-being and development. First, we provide an overview of the issues and challenges emerging adults are facing during the transition to college, drawing on the revised version of the transactional stress model by Lazarus and Folkman (1984). Second, we introduce a conceptual model of adaptive stress and coping processes enhanced by MC skills to positively impact the appraisal and coping resources and emerging adults' mental health. Specifically, MC skills may play an important role in promoting a healthy stress response by strengthening emerging adults' socioemotional competencies and supporting the development of adaptive appraisal and coping resources, including processes antecedent and consequent to a coping encounter. In particular, MC skills were hypothesized to enhance (a) preparedness to cope, (b) productive stress response through adaptive appraisals and skillful deployment of coping resources, and (c) healthy postcoping reflections. Therefore, MC skills may be a useful preventive tool to strengthen emerging adults' ability to adjust to a new academic environment and fulfil the developmental tasks of this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Dvořáková
- Human Development and Family Studies Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark T Greenberg
- Human Development and Family Studies Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert W Roeser
- Human Development and Family Studies Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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194
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Ebert DD, Buntrock C, Mortier P, Auerbach R, Weisel KK, Kessler RC, Cuijpers P, Green JG, Kiekens G, Nock MK, Demyttenaere K, Bruffaerts R. Prediction of major depressive disorder onset in college students. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:294-304. [PMID: 30521136 PMCID: PMC6519292 DOI: 10.1002/da.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) in college students is associated with substantial burden. AIMS To assess 1-year incidence of MDD among incoming freshmen and predictors of MDD-incidence in a representative sample of students. METHOD Prospective cohort study of first-year college students (baseline: n = 2,519, 1-year follow-up: n = 958) RESULTS: The incidence of MDD within the first year of college was 6.9% (SE = 0.8). The most important individual-level predictors of onset were prior suicide plans and/or attempts (OR = 9.5). The strongest population-level baseline predictors were history of childhood-adolescent trauma, stressful experience in the past 12 months, parental psychopathology, and other 12-month mental disorder. Multivariate cross-validated prediction (cross-validated AUC = 0.73) suggest that 36.1% of incident MDD cases in a replication sample would occur among the 10% of students at highest predicted risk (24.5% predicted incidence in this highest-risk subgroup). CONCLUSIONS Screening at college entrance is a promising strategy to identify students at risk of MDD onset, which may improve the development and deployment of targeted preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D. Ebert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyFriedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–NüurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Claudia Buntrock
- Department of Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyFriedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–NüurembergErlangenGermany
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversitair Psychiatrisch Centrum KU LeuvenBelgium
| | - Randy Auerbach
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean HospitalBelmontMAUSA
| | - Kiona K. Weisel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyFriedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–NüurembergErlangenGermany
| | | | - Pim Cuijpers
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Glenn Kiekens
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversitair Psychiatrisch Centrum KU LeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean HospitalBelmontMAUSA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean HospitalBelmontMAUSA
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195
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Michikyan M. Depression symptoms and negative online disclosure among young adults in college: a mixed-methods approach. J Ment Health 2019; 29:392-400. [PMID: 30862213 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1581357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Social media may be novel and promising avenues to identify youth at risk for depression. Missing from prior research on youth social media use in the service of mental health is our understanding of the kinds of negative experiences young people disclose online and their associations with depression symptoms.Aims: Using a mixed-methods approach, this study: (1) examined the association between depression symptoms and online disclosure of negative emotions; (2) explored the kinds of negative experiences young adults, in their own words, disclosed online; and (3) investigated the associations between depression symptoms and the online disclosure of negative experiences.Methods: Young adults in college (N = 261; 66 males, 195 females Mage 22) completed quantitative as well as qualitative questionnaires about their Facebook content and use and about their mental health (e.g. depression symptoms). Responses were analyzed using a thematic analysis, and a series of binary logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, gender, Facebook use and self-esteem.Results: An inductive thematic analysis of 121 qualitative responses reflecting negative emotional states revealed fours themes of negative experiences: life hassles, relationships, academics and work. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that youth who reported higher depression symptoms were two times more likely to disclose negative emotions online and were three times more likely to disclose various hassles online than their peers who reported lower symptoms. Active Facebook users were almost two times more likely than less active users to disclose negative academic experiences.Conclusions: Online disclosure of negative emotions and experiences are linked with depression symptoms. Further, online disclosure of negative experiences may also reflect normative, age-related instabilities. In sum, social media may be promising avenues to detect mental health concerns (e.g., depression) in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Michikyan
- Department of Education - Human Development and Psychology, Institute for Immigration, Globalization, & Education, University of California, Los Angels, Los Angels, CA, USA
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196
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Rahmadiana M, Karyotaki E, Passchier J, Cuijpers P, van Ballegooijen W, Wimbarti S, Riper H. Guided internet-based transdiagnostic intervention for Indonesian university students with symptoms of anxiety and depression: A pilot study protocol. Internet Interv 2019; 15:28-34. [PMID: 30568878 PMCID: PMC6290259 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing prevalence of mental health problems among university student populations. In Indonesia, treatment rates are low among university students because of the high cost of treatment, stigma and the limited availability of mental care services. Internet-based interventions have been found to be effective in treating anxiety and depression in Western countries. However, little is known about the effectiveness of Internet-based interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Indonesia. In this paper, we describe how we culturally adapted an Internet-based intervention to meet the needs of Indonesian students with depression and anxiety based on the theoretical framework of Barrera et al. (2013). METHOD We culturally adapted a Western Internet-based student intervention for depression and anxiety. This intervention consists of 8 guided online sessions. 50 students from Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta who have mild to moderate depression or anxiety as assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), will participate in a feasibility study in which we will test participants' satisfaction, system usability and uptake. Secondary outcomes include assessment of participants' depression, anxiety and quality of life. Outcomes will be measured pre and post intervention. DISCUSSION The present paper presents the protocol of a pilot study aimed at assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted intervention for Indonesian university students with depression and anxiety. The results from the feasibility study will further guide the development of the intervention and may inform the protocol of a future randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the effectiveness of the Internet-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metta Rahmadiana
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology. Section of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology. Section of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Passchier
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology. Section of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology. Section of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Ballegooijen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology. Section of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Supra Wimbarti
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heleen Riper
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Development Psychology. Section of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije University Medical Centre/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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197
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Ribadier A, Varescon I. Anxiety and depression in alcohol use disorder individuals: the role of personality and coping strategies. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1475-1484. [PMID: 30973041 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1586950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety and depression favor the maintenance and relapse of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Some five factor model personality dimensions (e.g. high neuroticism, low extraversion, and conscientiousness) and coping strategies (e.g. high avoidant and low problem-focused) are associated with AUD and with anxiety and/or depression in AUD individuals. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate personality and coping in an AUD population as potential predictors of anxiety and depression. Methods: Through a cross-sectional and multicenter study, 122 AUD people (74 men and 48 women) responded to a sociodemographic interview and three self-questionnaires assessing personality (BFI), coping strategies (brief COPE), and anxiety-depression symptomatology (HADS). Comparative and correlational analyses, as well as hierarchical regressions, were performed. Results: AUD women show higher neuroticism, use more emotion-focused coping and less problem-focused coping than AUD men. They also present higher anxiety. Neuroticism is associated with an ineffective use of coping strategies. Other dimensions, such as openness to experience, extraversion, and conscientiousness, show negative relationships with avoidant coping and positive links with problem-focused strategies. Neuroticism, avoidant coping and gender are predictive for anxiety. Both avoidant and problem-focused coping, but no personality dimension, are predictive for depression. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of interventions involving specific coping strategies in AUD patients (whether or not anxiety and/or depression is present), both to reduce alcohol use and prevent relapse. Specific therapeutic support for women would be beneficial in the case of anxiety comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Ribadier
- a Universite Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
| | - Isabelle Varescon
- a Universite Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé , Boulogne-Billancourt , France
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198
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Brown LJ, Bond MJ. The pragmatic derivation and validation of measures of adaptive and maladaptive coping styles. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2019.1568070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey J. Brown
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Malcolm J. Bond
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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199
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Snedden TR, Scerpella J, Kliethermes SA, Norman RS, Blyholder L, Sanfilippo J, McGuine TA, Heiderscheit B. Sport and Physical Activity Level Impacts Health-Related Quality of Life Among Collegiate Students. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:675-682. [PMID: 30586999 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118817715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine and compare the role of self-assessed sport and physical activity involvement on the health-related quality of life among undergraduate student-athletes and general undergraduate college students. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. Data set was examined for differences in physical and mental health by self-assessed sport and physical activity level. SETTING Large Midwestern University in the fall of 2016. PARTICIPANTS A combined data set representing undergraduate Division I student athletes (n = 842) and general undergraduate students (n = 1322). MEASURES Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12), as measure of health-related quality of life, comprised of physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS). Self-assessed sport and physical activity level categorized as Division I athlete, club athlete, intramural player, student who works out regularly, or student who is physically inactive. ANALYSIS Standard univariable statistics described the study population. Two-sample t tests and χ2 tests were conducted, as appropriate, to compare Division I student-athletes to the general undergraduate group. Multivariable linear regression models were then built to assess associations between physical activity level and year in school with VR-12 outcomes, after adjusting for sex. All pairwise interactions were considered for inclusion in the final models. Adjusted least-square means were calculated for all variables in the model; pairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiple comparisons via Tukey-Kramer adjustment criteria. A linear test for trend was also conducted for the association between VR-12 MCS and increasing physical activity. RESULTS Significant differences in MCS were noted between levels of sport and physical activity; however, such differences were not detected in PCS. After controlling for sex, a positive relationship between increased sport and physical activity level and greater MCS was found. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first prospective assessment of health-related quality of life among undergraduate athletes and general college students. Higher levels of sport and physical activity were associated with more positive mental health in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci R Snedden
- 1 University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA.,2 Badger Athletic Performance, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation & Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Scerpella
- 2 Badger Athletic Performance, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation & Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,3 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kliethermes
- 2 Badger Athletic Performance, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation & Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,3 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rocío S Norman
- 4 School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Liga Blyholder
- 2 Badger Athletic Performance, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation & Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,3 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jen Sanfilippo
- 2 Badger Athletic Performance, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation & Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,3 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy A McGuine
- 2 Badger Athletic Performance, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation & Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,3 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryan Heiderscheit
- 2 Badger Athletic Performance, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation & Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,3 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Jiang X, Fang L, Lyons MD. Does school satisfaction predict coping? A short-term longitudinal examination in early adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- Department of Psychology; University of Memphis; Memphis Tennessee
| | - Lue Fang
- Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Michael D. Lyons
- Department of Human Services; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
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