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Valent D, Arroyo L, Peña R, Yu K, Carreras R, Mainau E, Velarde A, Bassols A. Effects on pig immunophysiology, PBMC proteome and brain neurotransmitters caused by group mixing stress and human-animal relationship. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176928. [PMID: 28475627 PMCID: PMC5419571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are an interesting sample for searching for biomarkers with proteomic techniques because they are easy to obtain and do not contain highly abundant, potentially masking proteins. Two groups of pigs (n = 56) were subjected to mixing under farm conditions and afterwards subjected to different management treatments: negative handling (NH) and positive handling (PH). Serum and PBMC samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment one week after mixing (t0) and after two months of different handling (t2). Brain areas were collected after slaughter and neurotransmitters quantified by HPLC. Hair cortisol and serum acute phase proteins decreased and serum glutathione peroxidase increased at t2, indicating a lower degree of stress at t2 after adaptation to the farm. Differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was applied to study the effects of time and treatment on the PBMC proteome. A total of 54 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which were involved in immune system modulation, cell adhesion and motility, gene expression, splicing and translation, protein degradation and folding, oxidative stress and metabolism. Thirty-seven protein spots were up-regulated at t2 versus t0 whereas 27 were down-regulated. Many of the identified proteins share the characteristic of being potentially up or down-regulated by cortisol, indicating that changes in protein abundance between t0 and t2 are, at least in part, consequence of lower stress upon adaptation to the farm conditions after group mixing. Only slight changes in brain neurotransmitters and PBMC oxidative stress markers were observed. In conclusion, the variation in hair cortisol and serum APPs as well as the careful analysis of the identified proteins indicate that changes in protein composition in PBMC throughout time is mainly due to a decrease in the stress status of the individuals, following accommodation to the farm and the new group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Valent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Arroyo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Raquel Peña
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Kuai Yu
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Eva Mainau
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- * E-mail:
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152
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Jacobson LH, Hoyer D, Fehlmann D, Bettler B, Kaupmann K, Cryan JF. Blunted 5-HT 1A receptor-mediated responses and antidepressant-like behavior in mice lacking the GABA B1a but not GABA B1b subunit isoforms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1511-1523. [PMID: 28070618 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is accumulating evidence for a role of GABAB receptors in depression. GABAB receptors are heterodimers of GABAB1 and GABAB2 receptor subunits. The predominant GABAB1 subunit isoforms are GABAB1a and GABAB1b. GABAB1 isoforms in mice differentially influence cognition, conditioned fear, and susceptibility to stress, yet their influence in tests of antidepressant-like activity has not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVES Given the interactions between GABAB receptors and the serotonergic system and the involvement of 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR) in antidepressant action, we sought to evaluate 5-HT1AR function in GABAB1a-/- and GABAB1b-/- mice. METHODS GABAB1a-/- and GABAB1b-/- mice were assessed in the forced swim test (FST), and body temperature and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to the 5-HT1AR agonist 8-OH-DPAT were determined. Brain 5-HT1AR expression was assessed by [3H]-MPPF and [3H]-8-OH-DPAT autoradiography and 5-HT1AR G-protein coupling by [35S]GTP-γ-S autoradiography. RESULTS As previously described, GABAB1a-/- mice showed an antidepressant-like profile in the FST. GABAB1a-/- mice also demonstrated profoundly blunted hypothermic and motoric responses to 8-OH-DPAT. Furthermore, 8-OH-DPAT-induced corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release were both attenuated in GABAB1a-/- mice. Interestingly, [3H]-MPPF and [3H]-8-OH-DPAT binding was largely unaffected by genotype. [35S]GTP-γ-S autoradiography suggested that altered 5-HT1AR G-protein coupling only partially contributes to the functional presynaptic 5-HT1AR desensitization, and not at all to the blunted postsynaptic 5-HT1AR-mediated responses, seen in GABAB1a-/- mice. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate distinct functional links between 5-HT1ARs and the GABAB1a subunit isoform and suggest that the GABAB1a isoform may be implicated in the antidepressant-like effects of GABAB receptor antagonists and in neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Jacobson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dominique Fehlmann
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Kaupmann
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
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153
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Kuniishi H, Ichisaka S, Matsuda S, Futora E, Harada R, Hata Y. Chronic Inactivation of the Orbitofrontal Cortex Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior and Impulsive Aggression, but Decreases Depression-Like Behavior in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 10:250. [PMID: 28167902 PMCID: PMC5253363 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in emotional processing, and orbitofrontal abnormalities have often been observed in various affective disorders. Thus, chronic dysfunction of the OFC may cause symptoms of affective disorders, such as anxiety, depression and impulsivity. Previous studies have investigated the effect of orbitofrontal dysfunction on anxiety-like behavior and impulsive aggression in rodents, but the results are inconsistent possibly reflecting different methods of OFC inactivation. These studies used either a lesion of the OFC, which may affect other brain regions, or a transient inactivation of the OFC, whose effect may be restored in time and not reflect effects of chronic OFC dysfunction. In addition, there has been no study on the effect of orbitofrontal inactivation on depression-like behavior in rodents. Therefore, the present study examined whether chronic inactivation of the OFC by continuous infusion of a GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, causes behavioral abnormalities in rats. Muscimol infusion inactivated the ventral and lateral part of the OFC. Following a week of OFC inactivation, the animals showed an increase in anxiety-like behavior in the open field test and light-dark test. Impulsive aggression was also augmented in the chronically OFC-inactivated animals because they showed increased frequency of fighting behavior induced by electric foot shock. On the other hand, chronic OFC inactivation reduced depression-like behavior as evaluated by the forced swim test. Additionally, it did not cause a significant change in corticosterone secretion in response to restraint stress. These data suggest that orbitofrontal neural activity is involved in the regulation of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and impulsive aggression in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kuniishi
- Division of Integrative Bioscience, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Yonago, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichisaka
- Division of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yonago, Japan
| | - Sae Matsuda
- Division of Integrative Bioscience, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Yonago, Japan
| | - Eri Futora
- Division of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yonago, Japan
| | - Riho Harada
- Division of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yonago, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hata
- Division of Integrative Bioscience, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Yonago, Japan
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154
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de Haan P, Klein HC, 't Hart BA. Autoimmune Aspects of Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Template for Innovative Therapy. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:46. [PMID: 28421005 PMCID: PMC5378775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases (NPDs) are today's most important group of diseases, surpassing both atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer in morbidity incidence. Although NPDs have a dramatic impact on our society because of their high incidence, mortality, and severe debilitating character, remarkably few effective interventions have become available. The current treatments, if available, comprise the lifelong intake of general immunosuppressants to delay disease progression or neurotransmitter antagonists/agonists to dampen undesired behaviors. The long-term usage of such medication, however, coincides with often severe adverse side effects. There is, therefore, an urgent need for safe and effective treatments for these diseases. Here, we discuss that many NPDs coincide with subtle chronic or flaring brain inflammation sometimes escalating with infiltrations of lymphocytes in the inflamed brain parts causing mild to severe or even lethal brain damage. Thus, NPDs show all features of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we postulate that NPDs resemble autoimmune-driven inflammatory diseases in many aspects and may belong to the same disease spectrum. Just like in autoimmune diseases, NPD symptoms basically are manifestations of a chronic self-sustaining inflammatory process with detrimental consequences for the patient. Specific inhibition of the destructive immune responses in the brain, leaving the patient's immune system intact, would be the ultimate solution to cure patients from the disease. To reach this goal, the primary targets, e.g., the primary self-antigens (pSAgs) of the patient's chronic (auto)immune response, need to be identified. For a few major NPDs, immunological studies led to the identification of the pSAgs involved in the autoimmune damage of specific brain parts. However, further research is needed to complete the list of pSAgs for all NPDs. Such immunological studies will not only provide crucial insights into NPD pathogenesis but also ultimately enable the development of a new generation of safe and effective immunotherapies for NPDs. Interventions that will dramatically improve the life expectancy and quality of life of individual patients and, moreover, will significantly reduce the health-care costs of the society in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans C Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Imaging Centre, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
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155
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Petrovic D, Perovic M, Lazovic B, Pantic I. Association between walking, dysphoric mood and anxiety in late pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:360-363. [PMID: 27770714 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Relationship between physical activity and mental disorders in late pregnancy is unclear. In this work, we demonstrate that there is a significant association between the time spent on walking and symptoms of depression and anxiety in antenatal period. The cross-sectional study was done on a sample of 200 healthy women in 9th month of physiological pregnancy at Health center Kraljevo, Serbia during 2015. Each participant was given a questionnaire consisting of general questions regarding physical activity, pregnancy, and other parameters. Also, each participant completed a Beck depression inventory (BDI) and Zung anxiety scale (ZAS). There was a statistically significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between the BDI score and the daily time spent on walking. There was also a strong positive connection between the daily time spent on walking and level of anxiety (p<0.01). To our knowledge this is the first study to jointly test the relationship between scores of Beck depression inventory and Zung anxiety scale, and time spent on walking as physical activity in antenatal period. The results represent the basis for further research in the field of gynecological psychology, psychiatry and behavioral physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Petrovic
- Health Center Studenica, Jug Bogdanova 112, RS-36000 Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Milan Perovic
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Kraljice Natalije 62, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Lazovic
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Vukova 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Pantic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26/II, RS-11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
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156
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Kotelnikova Y, LeMoult J, Mackrell SVM, Sheikh HI, Singh SM, Joormann J, Gotlib IH, Hayden EP. The Serotonin Transporter Promoter Variant, Stress, and Attentional Biases in Middle Childhood. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016; 101:371-379. [PMID: 27956753 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although evidence suggests that 5-HTTLPR variants may shape risk for depression, the influence is likely complex, and involves effects on endophenotypes. We examined associations between 5-HTTLPR and biases in attention to affective stimuli in a sample of girls and a sample of both boys and girls. Children with at least one short (S) variant of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism had lower positive attentional bias scores in both samples. This association was qualified by an interaction with stress in one sample, such that links between the S allele and decreased positive attentional bias was significant only when life stress was elevated. This difference in findings between the two samples was explained by sex differences in samples; the GXE interaction was significant only in boys. Findings are discussed in the context of sex differences in GXE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Kotelnikova
- Western University, Department of Psychology, London, Ontario CANADA, N6A 3K7
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157
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Thomas E, Stein DJ. Novel pharmacological treatment strategies for posttraumatic stress disorder. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 10:167-177. [PMID: 27835034 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1260001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A wide range of medications have been studied for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a number are registered for this indication. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies are only partially effective in some patients, and are minimally effective in others. Thus novel treatment avenues need to be explored. Areas covered: In considering novel pharmacological agents for the treatment of PTSD, this paper takes a translational approach. We outline how advances in our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of PTSD may inform the identification of potential new treatment targets, including glutamatergic, noradrenergic and opioid pathways. Expert commentary: Continued investigation of the neural substrates and signalling pathways involved in responses to trauma may inform the development of novel treatment targets for future drug development for PTSD. However, the translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice is likely to be complex and gradual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Thomas
- a Division of Consultation Liaison, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- b US/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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158
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Honório de Melo Martimiano P, de Sa Braga Oliveira A, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Croyal M, Aguesse A, Grit I, Ouguerram K, Lopes de Souza S, Kaeffer B, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Maternal protein restriction during gestation and lactation in the rat results in increased brain levels of kynurenine and kynurenic acid in their adult offspring. J Neurochem 2016; 140:68-81. [PMID: 27778340 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early malnutrition is a risk factor for depression and schizophrenia. Since the offspring of malnourished dams exhibit increased brain levels of serotonin (5-HT), a tryptophan-derived neurotransmitter involved in the pathophysiology of these mental disorders, it is believed that the deleterious effects of early malnutrition on brain function are due in large part to altered serotoninergic neurotransmission resulting from impaired tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. However, tryptophan is also metabolized through the kynurenine (KYN) pathway yielding several neuroactive compounds including kynurenic (KA), quinolinic (QA) and xanthurenic (XA) acids. Nevertheless, the impact of perinatal malnutrition on brain kynurenine pathway metabolism has not been examined to date. Here, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantification of tryptophan and a set of seven compounds spanning its metabolism through the serotonin and kynurenine pathways, in the brain of embryos and adult offspring of rat dams fed a protein-restricted (PR) diet. Protein-restricted embryos showed reduced brain levels of Trp, serotonin and KA, but not of KYN, XA, or QA. In contrast, PR adult rats exhibited enhanced levels of Trp in the brainstem and cortex along with increased concentrations of 5-HT, kynurenine and XA. The levels of XA and KA were also increased in the hippocampus of adult PR rats. These results show that early protein deficiency induces selective and long-lasting changes in brain kynurenine metabolism. Given the regulatory role of KYN pathway metabolites on brain development and function, these changes might contribute to the risk of developing psychiatric disorders induced by early malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Honório de Melo Martimiano
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André de Sa Braga Oliveira
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Lopes de Souza
- Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bertrand Kaeffer
- UMR 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, INRA-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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159
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Satała G, Duszyńska B, Stachowicz K, Rafalo A, Pochwat B, Luckhart C, Albert PR, Daigle M, Tanaka KF, Hen R, Lenda T, Nowak G, Bojarski AJ, Szewczyk B. Concentration-Dependent Dual Mode of Zn Action at Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptors: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:6869-6881. [PMID: 26660328 PMCID: PMC5104769 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent data has indicated that Zn can modulate serotonergic function through the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR); however, the exact mechanisms are unknown. In the present studies, radioligand binding assays and behavioural approaches were used to characterize the pharmacological profile of Zn at 5-HT1ARs in more detail. The influence of Zn on agonist binding to 5-HT1ARs stably expressed in HEK293 cells was investigated by in vitro radioligand binding methods using the agonist [3H]-8-OH-DPAT. The in vivo effects of Zn were compared with those of 8-OH-DPAT in hypothermia, lower lip retraction (LLR), 5-HT behavioural syndrome and the forced swim (FST) tests. In the in vitro studies, biphasic effects, which involved allosteric potentiation of agonist binding at sub-micromolar Zn concentrations and inhibition at sub-millimolar Zn concentrations, were found. The in vivo studies showed that Zn did not induce LLR or elements of 5-HT behavioural syndrome but blocked such effects induced by 8-OH-DPAT. Zn decreased body temperature in rats and mice; however, Zn failed to induce hypothermia in the 5-HT1A autoreceptor knockout mice. In the FST, Zn potentiated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT. However, in the FST performed with the 5-HT1A autoreceptor knockout mice, the anti-immobility effect of Zn was partially blocked. Both the binding and behavioural studies suggest a concentration-dependent dual mechanism of Zn action at 5-HT1ARs, with potentiation at low dose and inhibition at high dose. Moreover, the in vivo studies indicate that Zn can modulate both presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT1ARs; however, Zn's effects at presynaptic receptors seem to be more potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Satała
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Duszyńska
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Rafalo
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Pochwat
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christine Luckhart
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute , 451 Smyth Road #2464, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute , 451 Smyth Road #2464, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Daigle
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute , 451 Smyth Road #2464, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tomasz Lenda
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences , Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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160
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Cabral JCC, Tavares PDS, de Almeida RMM. Reciprocal effects between dominance and anger: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:761-771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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161
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van der Doelen RHA, Robroch B, Arnoldussen IA, Schulpen M, Homberg JR, Kozicz T. Serotonin and urocortin 1 in the dorsal raphe and Edinger-Westphal nuclei after early life stress in serotonin transporter knockout rats. Neuroscience 2016; 340:345-358. [PMID: 27826101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of early life stress (ELS) and the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been associated with increased risk to develop depression in later life. We have used the maternal separation paradigm as a model for ELS exposure in homozygous and heterozygous 5-HTT knockout rats and measured urocortin 1 (Ucn1) mRNA and/or protein levels, Ucn1 DNA methylation, as well as 5-HT innervation in the centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal (EWcp) and dorsal raphe (DR) nuclei, both implicated in the regulation of stress response. We found that ELS and 5-HTT genotype increased the number of 5-HT neurons in specific DR subdivisions, and that 5-HTT knockout rats showed decreased 5-HT innervation of EWcp-Ucn1 neurons. Furthermore, ELS was associated with increased DNA methylation of the promoter region of the Ucn1 gene and increased expression of 5-HT receptor 1A in the EWcp. In contrast, 5-HTT deficiency was associated with site-specific alterations in DNA methylation of the Ucn1 promoter, and heterozygous 5-HTT knockout rats showed decreased expression of CRF receptor 1 in the EWcp. Together, our findings extend the existing literature on the relationship between EWcp-Ucn1 and DR-5-HT neurons. These observations will further our understanding on their potential contribution to mediate affect as a function of ELS interacting with 5-HTTLPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick H A van der Doelen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Berit Robroch
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse A Arnoldussen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maya Schulpen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamás Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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162
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Kokhan VS, Matveeva MI, Bazyan AS, Kudrin VS, Mukhametov A, Shtemberg AS. Combined effects of antiorthostatic suspension and ionizing radiation on the behaviour and neurotransmitters changes in different brain structures of rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:473-483. [PMID: 27776994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Space flight factors (SFF) significantly affect the operating activity of astronauts during deep space missions. In contrast to an orbital flight, leaving the Earth's magnetic field is fraught with the dangers of exposure to ionizing radiation and more specifically, the high-energy nuclei component of galactic cosmic rays. Microgravity, just another critical non-radiation factor, significantly affects the normal functioning of the CNS. Some morphological structures of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, that are rich in monoaminergic and acetylcholinergic neurones, are the most sensitive to the effects of ionizing radiation and non-radiation spaceflight factors (SFF). In this work we have studied the combined effects of microgravity (in antiorthostatic suspension model, AS) and irradiation (γ-ray and protons in spread-out Bragg peak) on the behaviour, cognitive abilities, and metabolism of monoamines and acetylcholine in the key structures of the rat's brain. Irradiation (as independently as combined with AS) resulted in the decrease of thigmotaxis in rats. Learning problems, caused by the malfunctioning of the working memory but not the spatial memory, were observed in response to AS as well as to the SFF in combination. Analysis of monoamines metabolism showed that the serotoninergic system was the most affected by the SFF. Concentration of acetylcholine in the hippocampus significantly increased in the groups of irradiated rats, and in the groups which were exposed to the SFF in combination, compared to the rats exposed only to AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kokhan
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medico-Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M I Matveeva
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medico-Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Bazyan
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Kudrin
- Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Mukhametov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - A S Shtemberg
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medico-Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
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163
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Arroyo L, Carreras R, Valent D, Peña R, Mainau E, Velarde A, Sabrià J, Bassols A. Effect of handling on neurotransmitter profile in pig brain according to fear related behaviour. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:374-381. [PMID: 27737780 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemical neurotransmitters (NT) are principal actors in all neuronal networks of animals. The central nervous system plays an important role in stress susceptibility and organizes the response to a stressful situation through the interaction of the dopaminergic and the serotonergic pathways, leading to the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). This study was designed to investigate: a) the effects of stressful handling of pigs at the slaughterhouse on the neurotransmitter profile in four brain areas: amygdala, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and hypothalamus, and b) whether the alterations in the brain NT profile after stressful handling were associated with fear, determined by the tonic immobility (TI) test. In the first place, the characterization of the NT profile allowed to distinguish the four brain areas in a principal component analysis. The most crucial pathway involved in the reaction of pigs to a stressful handling was the serotonergic system, and changes were observed in the amygdala with a decrease in serotonin (5-HT) and total indoleamines, and in the hippocampus, where this pathway was activated. Fearful and non-fearful pigs did not show significant differences in their NT profile in control conditions, but when subjected to a stressful handling in the slaughterhouse, fearful animals showed a significant variation in the serotonin pathway and, in a lesser extent, the dopamine (DA) pathway. In conclusion, the existence of an underlying biological trait - possibly fearfulness - may be involved in the pig's response toward stressful challenges, and the serotonergic system seems to play a central role in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Arroyo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ricard Carreras
- IRTA, Animal Welfare Subprogram, Veïnat de Sies, s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Daniel Valent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Raquel Peña
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Eva Mainau
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Antonio Velarde
- IRTA, Animal Welfare Subprogram, Veïnat de Sies, s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Josefa Sabrià
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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164
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Yokoyama C, Mawatari A, Kawasaki A, Takeda C, Onoe K, Doi H, Newman-Tancredi A, Zimmer L, Onoe H. Marmoset Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor Mapping with a Biased Agonist PET Probe 18F-F13714: Comparison with an Antagonist Tracer 18F-MPPF in Awake and Anesthetized States. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw079. [PMID: 27608810 PMCID: PMC5203761 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo mapping by positron emission tomography of the serotonin 1A receptors has been hindered by the lack of suitable agonist positron emission tomography probes. 18F-labeled F13714 is a recently developed biased agonist positron emission tomography probe that preferentially targets subpopulations of serotonin 1A receptors in their "active state," but its brain labeling pattern in nonhuman primate has not been described. In addition, a potential confound in the translatability of PET data between nonhuman animal and human arise from the use of anesthetics that may modify the binding profiles of target receptors. METHODS Positron emission tomography scans were conducted in a cohort of common marmosets (n=4) using the serotonin 1A receptor biased agonist radiotracer, 18F-F13714, compared with a well-characterized 18F-labeled antagonist radiotracer, 18F-MPPF. Experiments on each animal were performed under both consciousness and isoflurane-anesthesia conditions. RESULTS 18F-F13714 binding distribution in marmosets by positron emission tomography differs markedly from that of the 18F-MPPF. Whereas 18F-MPPF showed highest binding in hippocampus and amygdala, 18F-F13714 showed highest labeling in other regions, including insular and cingulate cortex, thalamus, raphe, caudate nucleus, and putamen. The binding potential values of 18F-F13714 were about one-third of those observed with 18F-MPPF, with marked individual- and region-specific differences under isoflurane-anesthetized vs conscious conditions. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of investigating the brain imaging of serotonin 1A receptors using agonist probes such as 18F-F13714, which may preferentially target subpopulations of serotonin 1A receptors in specific brain regions of nonhuman primate as a biased agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hirotaka Onoe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan (Dr Yokoyama, Ms Mawatari, Mr Kawasaki, Ms Takeda, Ms K. Onoe, Dr Doi, Dr H. Onoe); Neurolixis Inc, Dana Point, CA (Dr Newman-Tancredi); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM, CNRS, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France (Dr Zimmer).
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165
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Antidepressant-Like and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of ZBD-2, a Novel Ligand for the Translocator Protein (18 kDa). Neuromolecular Med 2016; 19:57-68. [PMID: 27544207 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) plays an important role to mediate rapid anxiolytic efficacy in stress response and stress-related disorders by the production of neurosteroids. However, little is known about the ligand of TSPO on the anxiety-like and depressive behaviors and the underlying mechanisms in chronic unpredictable mild stress (UCMS) mice. In the present study, a novel ligand of TSPO, ZBD-2 [N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7,8-dihydro-7-benzyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl) acetamide] synthesized by our laboratory, was used to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant efficacy and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. ZBD-2 (3 mg/kg) significantly attenuated anxiety-like and depressive behaviors in the UCMS mice, which was blocked by TSPO antagonist PK11195 (3 mg/kg). Treatment of ZBD-2 reversed the decrease in biogenic amines (norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) in the brain region of hippocampus in the UCMS mice. The decreases in TSPO, GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, GluA1, p-GluA1-Ser831, p-GluA1-Ser845, PSD-95, and GABAA-a2 were integrated with the increases of CaMKII and iNOS levels in the hippocampus of the UCMS mice. ZBD-2 significantly reversed the changes of above proteins. However, ZBD-2 or PK11195 treatment did not affect the levels of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors and the total levels of GAD67. Our study provides strong evidences that ZBD-2 has a therapeutic effect on chronic stress-related disorders such as depression and anxiety through regulating the biogenic amine levels and the synaptic proteins in the hippocampus.
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166
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Luckhart C, Philippe TJ, Le François B, Vahid-Ansari F, Geddes SD, Béïque JC, Lagace DC, Daigle M, Albert PR. Sex-dependent adaptive changes in serotonin-1A autoreceptor function and anxiety in Deaf1-deficient mice. Mol Brain 2016; 9:77. [PMID: 27488351 PMCID: PMC4973060 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C (-1019) G rs6295 promoter polymorphism of the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor gene is associated with major depression in several but not all studies, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms mediate resilience. The rs6295 risk allele prevents binding of the repressor Deaf1 increasing 5-HT1A receptor gene transcription, and the Deaf1-/- mouse model shows an increase in 5-HT1A autoreceptor expression. In this study, Deaf1-/- mice bred on a mixed C57BL6-BALB/c background were compared to wild-type littermates for 5-HT1A autoreceptor function and behavior in males and females. Despite a sustained increase in 5-HT1A autoreceptor binding levels, the amplitude of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor-mediated current in 5-HT neurons was unaltered in Deaf1-/- mice, suggesting compensatory changes in receptor function. Consistent with increased 5-HT1A autoreceptor function in vivo, hypothermia induced by the 5-HT1A agonist DPAT was augmented in early generation male but not female Deaf1-/- mice, but was reduced with succeeding generations. Loss of Deaf1 resulted in a mild anxiety phenotype that was sex-and test-dependent, with no change in depression-like behavior. Male Deaf1 knockout mice displayed anxiety-like behavior in the open field and light-dark tests, while female Deaf1-/- mice showed increased anxiety only in the elevated plus maze. These data show that altered 5-HT1A autoreceptor regulation in male Deaf1-/- mice can be compensated for by generational adaptation of receptor response that may help to normalize behavior. The sex dependence of Deaf1 function in mice is consistent with a greater role for 5-HT1A autoreceptors in sensitivity to depression in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Luckhart
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Tristan J Philippe
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Brice Le François
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Faranak Vahid-Ansari
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Sean D Geddes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Béïque
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Diane C Lagace
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Daigle
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H-8M5, Canada.
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167
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Ferreira R, Brandão ML, Nobre MJ. 5-HT1A receptors of the prelimbic cortex mediate the hormonal impact on learned fear expression in high-anxious female rats. Horm Behav 2016; 84:84-96. [PMID: 27328163 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hormones highly influence female behaviors. However, research on this topic has not usually considered the variable hormonal status. The prelimbic cortex (PrL) is commonly engaged in fear learning. Connections from and to this region are known to be critical in regulating anxiety, in which serotonin (5-HT) plays a fundamental role, particularly through changes in 5-HT1A receptors functioning. Also, hormone fluctuations can greatly influence anxiety in humans and anxiety-related behavior in rodents, and this influence involves the functioning of 5-HT brain systems. The present investigation sought to determine whether fluctuations in ovarian hormones relative to the estrous cycle would influence the expression of learned fear in female rats previously selected as low- (LA) or high-anxious (HA). Furthermore, we investigate the role of the 5-HT system of the PrL, particularly the 5-HT1A receptors, as a possible modulator of estrous cycle influence on the expression of learned fear through intra-PrL microinjections of 5-HT itself or the full 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamine)tetralin). Behavioral changes were assessed using the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) procedure. The results showed that fear intensity is associated with hormonal decay, being more accentuated during the estrus phase. This increase in fear levels was found to be negatively correlated with the expression of potentiated startle. In rats prone to anxiety and tested during the proestrus and estrus phases, 5-HT mechanisms of the PrL seem to play a regulatory role in the expression of learned fear. These results were not replicated in the LA rats. Similar but less intense results were found regarding the early and late diestrus. Our data indicate that future studies on this subject need to take into account the dissociation between low- and high-responsive females to understand how hormones affect emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferreira
- Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento-INeC, Campus USP, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lira Brandão
- Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento-INeC, Campus USP, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jorge Nobre
- Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Psicologia, Uni-FACEF, 14401-135 Franca, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento-INeC, Campus USP, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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168
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Lin SL, Wu SL, Ko SY, Lu CH, Wang DW, Ben RJ, Horng CT, Yang JW. Dysthymia increases the risk of temporomandibular disorder: A population-based cohort study (A STROBE-Compliant Article). Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4271. [PMID: 27442660 PMCID: PMC5265777 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between depression and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), but the conclusions remain vague. The aim of this study was to examine the causal effect between depression and TMD.The reporting of this study conforms to the STROBE statement. In this retrospective cohort study, all samples were recruited from a representative subdataset of 1 million insured persons for the year 2005 Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, who were randomly selected from all beneficiaries enrolled in the National Health Insurance program of Taiwan. We used a propensity score and stratified 926,560 patients into 2 groups (propensity1 = 588,429 and propensity2 = 338,131) and 4 cohorts (propensity1 with depression = 18,038, propensity1 without depression = 570,391, propensity2 with depression = 38,656, propensity2 without depression = 299,475) to detect the development of TMD among the depressive and nondepressive patients between 2004 and 2013.The positive correlative factors of TMD included female, total number of times seeking medical advice (TTSMA) for anxiety state, TTSMA for generalized anxiety disorder, TTSMA for mandible fracture, and TTSMA for unspecified anomaly of jaw size. The propensity2 group was represented by elder and female-predominant patients who used more psychiatric health resources. Among 3 types of depression, only dysthymia (so-called chronic depression) had a causal impact on TMD in the propensity 2 group. In the propensity 2 group, the hazard ratio of dysthymia for TMD measured by Cox's regression was 1.64 (95% confidence interval 1.28-2.09), after adjusting for demographic factors, psychiatric comorbidities, and maxillofacial confounders. The first-onset mean time of TMD as the consequence of dysthymia was 3.56 years (sd = 2.74, min = 0.08, median = 2.99, max = 9.73).This study demonstrates that dysthymia increases the risk of TMD in elderly and female-predominant patients who use more psychiatric health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Lun Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University
| | - Shang-Liang Wu
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Shun-Yao Ko
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan
| | | | | | | | - Chi-Ting Horng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Jung-Wu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tainan Sin Lau Hospital, the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Jung-Wu Yang, No. 57, Sec.1, East Gate Road, East Dist., Tainan City, Taiwan, R.O.C. (e-mail: )
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169
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Too LK, Li KM, Suarna C, Maghzal GJ, Stocker R, McGregor IS, Hunt NH. Deletion of TDO2, IDO-1 and IDO-2 differentially affects mouse behavior and cognitive function. Behav Brain Res 2016; 312:102-17. [PMID: 27316339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan, an amino acid involved in routine energy metabolism, is a key modulator of sickness behaviors associated with inflammatory states and also plays roles in some psychiatric disorders. Tissue concentrations of tryptophan are regulated primarily by the enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO, encoded by TDO2). Altered IDO1 and TDO activities have been linked to the perturbed serotonergic neurotransmission that may underlie certain psychopathologies. Here we assessed mice genetically modified to be deficient in IDO1, IDO2 or TDO2 for their behavior and cognitive function using an automated home cage system, the IntelliCage™. A well-established behavioural and cognitive test battery was applied during two periods (Runs 1 and 2, "R1" and "R2") separated by one month. Various tryptophan-related neurochemicals also were measured in brain extracts. IDO1(-/-) mice displayed remarkable reductions of early diurnal exploration in the IntelliCage and this persisted in R2. In contrast, early diurnal hyperactivity was observed in IDO2(-/-) mice in both R1 and R2. TDO2(-/-) mice displayed increased diurnal and nocturnal exploration, but only in R2. Cognitive assessment suggested enhanced reference memory in IDO2(-/-) mice in a complex patrolling task, while TDO deficiency was associated with enhanced performance in complex patrolling and discrimination reversal tasks. Neurochemical measures showed attenuated brain serotonin levels in IDO1(-/-) mice and augmented tryptophan and serotonin levels in TDO2(-/-) animals, respectively. No neurochemical alterations were detected in IDO2(-/-) mice. Taken together, these findings reveal complex and dissimilar patterns of behavioral and cognitive changes induced by knockout of three different tryptophan-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Khoon Too
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kong M Li
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Cacang Suarna
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Iain S McGregor
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas H Hunt
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Bosch Institute and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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170
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Vidal B, Sebti J, Verdurand M, Fieux S, Billard T, Streichenberger N, Troakes C, Newman-Tancredi A, Zimmer L. Agonist and antagonist bind differently to 5-HT1A receptors during Alzheimer's disease: A post-mortem study with PET radiopharmaceuticals. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:88-95. [PMID: 27183968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PET imaging studies using 5-HT1A receptor radiotracers show a decreased density of this receptor in hippocampi of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) at advanced stages. However, current 5-HT1A receptor radiopharmaceuticals used in neuroimaging are antagonists, thought to bind to 5-HT1A receptors in different functional states (i.e., both the one which displays high affinity for agonists and is thought to mediate receptor activation, as well as the state which has low affinity for agonists). Comparing the PET imaging obtained using an agonist radiotracer, which binds selectively to functional receptors, with the PET imaging obtained using an antagonist radiotracer would therefore provide original information on 5-HT1A receptor impairment during AD. Quantitative autoradiography using [(18)F]F13640 and [(18)F]MPPF, a 5-HT1A agonist and antagonist, respectively, was measured in hippocampi of patients with AD (n = 25, at different Braak stages) and control subjects (n = 9). The neuronal density was measured in the same tissues by NeuN immunohistochemistry. The specific binding of both radiotracers was determined by addition of WAY-100635, a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. The autoradiography distribution of both 5-HT1A PET radiotracers varied across hippocampus regions. The highest binding density was in the pyramidal layer of CA1. Incubation with Gpp(NH)p, a non-hydrolysable analogue of GTP, reduced significantly [(18)F]F13640 binding in hippocampal regions, confirming its preferential interaction with G-coupled receptors, and slightly increased [(18)F]MPPF binding. In the CA1 subfield, [(18)F]F13640 binding was significantly decreased at Braak stages I/II (-19%), Braak stages III/IV (-23%), and Braak stages V/VI (-36%) versus control. In contrast, [(18)F]MPPF binding was statistically reduced only at the most advanced Braak stages V/VI compared to control (-33%). Since [(18)F]F13640 and [(18)F]MPPF can be used in vivo in humans, this neuropharmacological paradigm supports testing the concept of functional imaging using agonist radiopharmaceuticals in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vidal
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Johan Sebti
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Verdurand
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Fieux
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Billard
- CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Lyon, France; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Claire Troakes
- MRC London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Luc Zimmer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Lyon, France.
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Kaneko F, Kawahara Y, Kishikawa Y, Hanada Y, Yamada M, Kakuma T, Kawahara H, Nishi A. Long-Term Citalopram Treatment Alters the Stress Responses of the Cortical Dopamine and Noradrenaline Systems: the Role of Cortical 5-HT1A Receptors. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw026. [PMID: 27029212 PMCID: PMC5006198 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical dopamine and noradrenaline are involved in the stress response. Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has direct and indirect effects on the serotonergic system. Furthermore, long-term treatment with citalopram affects the dopamine and noradrenaline systems, which could contribute to the therapeutic action of antidepressants. METHODS The effects of long-term treatment with citalopram on the responses of the dopamine and noradrenaline systems in the rat prefrontal cortex to acute handling stress were evaluated using in vivo microdialysis. RESULTS Acute handling stress increased dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the prefrontal cortex. The dopamine and noradrenaline responses were suppressed by local infusion of a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 7-(Dipropylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol;hydrobromide, into the prefrontal cortex. The dopamine response was abolished by long-term treatment with citalopram, and the abolished dopamine response was reversed by local infusion of a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-N-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexanecarboxamide into the prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, long-term treatment with citalopram reduced the basal noradrenaline levels (approximately 40% of the controls), but not the basal dopamine levels. The noradrenaline response was maintained despite the low basal noradrenaline levels. Signaling from the 5-HT1A receptors and α2-adrenoceptors was not involved in the decrease in the basal noradrenaline levels but partially affected the noradrenaline response. CONCLUSIONS Chronic citalopram treatment differentially suppresses the dopamine and noradrenaline systems in the prefrontal cortex, and the dopamine stress response was preferentially controlled by upregulating 5-HT1A receptor signaling. Our findings provide insight into how antidepressants modulate the dopamine and noradrenaline systems to overcome acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukie Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan (Ms Kaneko and Drs Kawahara, Kishikawa, Hanada, and Nishi); Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Yamada); Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Kakuma); Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan (Dr Kawahara).
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Schwamborn R, Brown E, Haase J. Elevation of cortical serotonin transporter activity upon peripheral immune challenge is regulated independently of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and transporter phosphorylation. J Neurochem 2016; 137:423-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schwamborn
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science; UCD Conway Institute; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Eric Brown
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science; UCD Conway Institute; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jana Haase
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science; UCD Conway Institute; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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173
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Yuan Y, Liu HY, Chen Y, Xiao RP, Bu P. Correlation between plasma galanin and 5-hydroxytryptamine and psychological status in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1247-1251. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i8.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the difference in plasma galanin (GAL) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in patients with different subtypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and their relationship with patients' anxiety and depression.
METHODS: The Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess anxiety and depression in GERD patients and healthy controls. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the contents of 5-HT and GAL in plasma of GERD patients and healthy controls.
RESULTS: Compared with the healthy control group, GERD patients without anxiety or depression had increased 5-HT and decreased GAL (t = 1.97, P < 0.05). Compared with reflux esophagitis (RE) patients, non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) patients had more serious anxiety and depression (F = 55.92, 36.51, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, 5-HT decreased and GAL increased in NERD patients (F = 54.53, 8.00, P < 0.05). 5-HT had a negative correlation with SAS and SDS scores (r = -0.789, -0.787, P < 0.05), but GAL had a positive correlation with SAS and SDS scores (r = 0.688, 0.705, P< 0.05). 5-HT was negatively correlated with GAL (r = -0.744, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: In GERD patients without anxiety or depression, 5-HT increases and GAL decreases. NERD patients have more serious anxiety and depression problems than RE patients, and 5-HT decreases and GAL increases. The more serious anxiety and depression problems, the lower 5-HT and the higher GAL.
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174
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Anger Emotional Stress Influences VEGF/VEGFR2 and Its Induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4129015. [PMID: 27057362 PMCID: PMC4769761 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4129015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. We discuss the influence of anger emotional stress upon VEGF/VEGFR2 and its induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Methods. We created a rat model of induced anger (anger-out and anger-in) emotional response using social isolation and resident-intruder paradigms and assessed changes in hippocampus' VEGF content, neuroplasticity, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Results. The resident-intruder method successfully generated anger-out and anger-in models that differed significantly in composite aggression score, aggression incubation, open field behavior, sucrose preference, and weight gain. Anger emotional stress decreased synaptic connections and VEGFR2 expression. Anger emotional stress led to abnormal expression of VEGF/VEGFR2 mRNA and protein and disorderly expression of key factors in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Fluoxetine administration ameliorated behavioral abnormalities and damage to hippocampal neurons caused by anger emotional stress, as well as abnormal expression of some proteins in VEGF/VEGFR2 and its induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Conclusion. This research provides a detailed classification of anger emotion and verifies its influence upon VEGF and the VEGF-induced signaling pathway, thus providing circumstantial evidence of mechanisms by which anger emotion damages neurogenesis. As VEGFR2 can promote neurogenesis and vasculogenesis in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, these results suggest that anger emotional stress can result in decreased neurogenesis.
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175
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Li J, Cai T, Jiang Y, Chen H, He X, Chen C, Li X, Shao Q, Ran X, Li Z, Xia K, Liu C, Sun ZS, Wu J. Genes with de novo mutations are shared by four neuropsychiatric disorders discovered from NPdenovo database. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:290-7. [PMID: 25849321 PMCID: PMC4837654 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, many studies on neuropsychiatric disorders have utilized massive trio-based whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify numerous de novo mutations (DNMs). Here, we retrieved 17,104 DNMs from 3555 trios across four neuropsychiatric disorders: autism spectrum disorder, epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability and schizophrenia, in addition to unaffected siblings (control), from 36 studies by WES/WGS. After eliminating non-exonic variants, we focused on 3334 exonic DNMs for evaluation of their association with these diseases. Our results revealed a higher prevalence of DNMs in the probands of all four disorders compared with the one in the controls (P<1.3 × 10(-7)). The elevated DNM frequency is dominated by loss-of-function/deleterious single-nucleotide variants and frameshift indels (that is, extreme mutations, P<4.5 × 10(-5)). With extensive annotation of these 'extreme' mutations, we prioritized 764 candidate genes in these four disorders. A combined analysis of Gene Ontology, microRNA targets and transcription factor targets revealed shared biological process and non-coding regulatory elements of candidate genes in the pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis of human laminar-specific neocortical expression data showed that candidate genes are convergent on eight shared modules with specific layer enrichment and biological process features. Furthermore, we identified that 53 candidate genes are associated with more than one disorder (P<0.000001), suggesting a possibly shared genetic etiology underlying these disorders. Particularly, DNMs of the SCN2A gene are frequently occurred across all four disorders. Finally, we constructed a freely available NPdenovo database, which provides a comprehensive catalog of the DNMs identified in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchen Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Experimental Medicine Section, NIDCR/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huiqian Chen
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Xianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianzhi Shao
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xia Ran
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongshan Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Jinyu Wu (), Zhong Sheng Sun (), or Chunyu Liu ()
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Correspondence should be addressed to: Jinyu Wu (), Zhong Sheng Sun (), or Chunyu Liu ()
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,Correspondence should be addressed to: Jinyu Wu (), Zhong Sheng Sun (), or Chunyu Liu ()
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Kumar U, Medel-Matus JS, Redwine HM, Shin D, Hensler JG, Sankar R, Mazarati A. Effects of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors on depressive- and impulsive-like behaviors and on monoamine transmission in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2016; 57:506-15. [PMID: 26813337 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine therapeutic potential of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NERI) in an animal model of comorbidity between epilepsy, depression-like, and impulsive-like impairments. METHODS Epilepsy was induced in male Wistar rats by LiCl and pilocarpine. An SSRI fluoxetine (FLX), and an NERI reboxetine (RBX) were administered either alone or as a combination over 1 week. Depressive-like and impulsive-like behaviors were examined using the forced swim test. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry was used to analyze serotonergic transmission in the raphe nucleus (RN)-prefrontal cortex (PFC) pathway, and noradrenergic transmission in locus coeruleus (LC)-PFC, and LC-RN projections. Monoamine levels in PFC were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Functional capacities of 5-HT1A receptors and α2A adrenoreceptors in PFC were analyzed by autoradiography. RESULTS Epileptic rats showed behavioral signs of depression and hyperimpulsivity, suppressed serotonergic and noradrenergic tones, decreased levels of serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE); 5-HT1A receptor and α2A adrenoreceptors functions remained intact. FLX failed to improve behavioral deficits, but effectively raised 5-HT level and marginally improved RN-PFC serotonergic transmission. RBX reversed impulsive-like behavior, normalized content of NE and noradrenergic tone in LC-PFC and LC-RN. FLX-RBX combination fully reversed depressive-like behavior, and normalized RN-PFC serotonergic transmission. None of the treatment modified the function of 5-HT and NE receptors. SIGNIFICANCE Depressive- and impulsive-like behaviors in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy stem respectively from dysfunctions of serotonergic and noradrenergic ascending pathways. At the same time, epilepsy-associated depression is SSRI resistant. The finding that an SSRI-NERI combination exerts antidepressant effect, along with RBX-induced improvement of LC-RN noradrenergic transmission point toward the involvement of LC-RN noradrenergic input in enabling therapeutic potential of FLX. Medications that improve serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors may be effective in treating epilepsy-associated SSRI-resistant depression, as well as concurrent depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | | | - Hannah M Redwine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Don Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Julie G Hensler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Raman Sankar
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Andrey Mazarati
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
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177
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Ragan CM, Harding KM, Lonstein JS. Associations among within-litter differences in early mothering received and later emotional behaviors, mothering, and cortical tryptophan hydroxylase-2 expression in female laboratory rats. Horm Behav 2016; 77:62-71. [PMID: 26219576 PMCID: PMC7005883 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". The effects of differential maternal care received on offspring phenotype in rodents has been extensively studied between litters, but the consequences of differential mothering within litters on offspring neurobehavioral development have been rarely examined. We here investigated how variability in maternal care received among female rat siblings (measured four times daily on postnatal days 4, 6, 8, and 10) relates to the siblings' later emotional and maternal behaviors. As previously reported, we found that some female pups received up to three times more maternal licking bouts compared to their sisters; this difference was positively correlated with the pups' body weights. The number of maternal licking bouts that females received was negatively correlated with their later neophobic behaviors in an open field during periadolescence, but positively correlated with their anxiety-related behavior in an elevated plus maze during adulthood. Licking received was also positively correlated with females' later likelihood to retrieve pups in a maternal sensitization paradigm. In addition, females' neophobia during adolescence and anxiety-related behavior during adulthood predicted some aspects of both postpartum and sensitized maternal responsiveness. Medial prefrontal cortex expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2; enzyme necessary for serotonin synthesis) was negatively associated with early maternal licking received. Interestingly, cortical TPH2 was positively associated with the maternal responsiveness of sensitized virgins but negatively associated with it in postpartum females. These results indicate that within-litter differences in maternal care received is an often neglected, but important, contributor to individual differences in offspring socioemotional behaviors as well as to the cortical serotonin neurochemistry that may influence these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Ragan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn M Harding
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Joseph S Lonstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 108 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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178
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Daniel SE, Rainnie DG. Stress Modulation of Opposing Circuits in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:103-25. [PMID: 26096838 PMCID: PMC4677121 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been recognized as a critical structure in regulating trait anxiety, contextual fear memory, and appetitive behavior, and is known to be sensitive to stress manipulations. As one of the most complex structures in the central nervous system, the intrinsic circuitry of the BNST is largely unknown; however, recent technological developments have allowed researchers to begin to untangle the internal connections of the nucleus. This research has revealed the possibility of two opposing circuits, one anxiolytic and one anxiogenic, within the BNST, the relative strength of which determines the behavioral outcome. The balance of these pathways is critical in maintaining a normal physiological and behavioral state; however, stress and drugs of abuse can differentially affect the opposing circuitry within the nucleus to shift the balance to a pathological state. In this review, we will examine how stress interacts with the neuromodulators, corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin to affect the circuitry of the BNST as well as how synaptic plasticity in the BNST is modulated by stress, resulting in long-lasting changes in the circuit and behavioral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Daniel
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donald G Rainnie
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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179
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Borroto-Escuela DO, Tarakanov AO, Fuxe K. FGFR1-5-HT1A Heteroreceptor Complexes: Implications for Understanding and Treating Major Depression. Trends Neurosci 2015; 39:5-15. [PMID: 26687454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin and neurotrophic factor hypotheses of depression are well known. The discovery of brain fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)-5 hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (5-HT1A) heteroreceptor complexes, and their enhancement of neuroplasticity, offers an integration of these hypotheses at the molecular level. They were first described in the hippocampus and later in midbrain 5-HT neurons, where these heterocomplexes are enriched in 5-HT1A autoreceptors. Combined FGF2 and 5-HT1A agonist treatment increased the formation of these heterocomplexes and the facilitatory allosteric receptor-receptor interactions within them led to the enhancement of FGFR1 signaling and was associated with the development of antidepressant effects. We discuss these findings with regard to a theory of motifs critically involved in these interactions and suggest that these complexes represent novel targets for antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander O Tarakanov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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180
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Qiu ZK, Li MS, He JL, Liu X, Zhang GH, Lai S, Ma JC, Zeng J, Li Y, Wu HW, Chen Y, Shen YG, Chen JS. Translocator protein mediates the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of midazolam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139:77-83. [PMID: 26455280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) plays an important role in stress-related disorders, such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), caused by neurosteroids (e.g. allopregnanolone). The present study sought to evaluate the significance of TSPO in anxiolytic and antidepressant effects induced by midazolam. The animals were administrated midazolam (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and subjected to behavioral tests, including Vogel-type conflict test, elevated plus-maze test, forced swimming test. Midazolam produced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects Vogel-type conflict test (1 mg/kg, i.p.), elevated plus-maze test (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.), and forced swimming test (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.). These effects of Midazolam were totally blocked by the TSPO antagonist PK11195 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). To evaluate the role of allopregnanolone in the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of midazolam, the animals were decapitated at the end of the behavioral tests. The allopregnanolone levels of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The allopregnanolone level of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was increased by midazolam (0.5, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and the increase was reversed by PK11195 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). Overall, the results indicated that the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of midazolam were mediated by TSPO, via stimulation of allopregnanolone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kun Qiu
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ming-Sheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Centre Hospital of Taian, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Jia-Li He
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Pharmacy Department of General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Guan-Hua Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Sha Lai
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jian-Chun Ma
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Wu
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yong-Gang Shen
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ji-Sheng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Clinical Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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181
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Pytka K, Partyka A, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Siwek A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Kazek G, Rapacz A, Olczyk A, Gałuszka A, Błachuta M, Waszkielewicz A, Marona H, Sapa J, Filipek B, Wesołowska A. Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of New Dual 5-HT₁A and 5-HT₇ Antagonists in Animal Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142499. [PMID: 26554929 PMCID: PMC4640659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further characterize pharmacological properties of two phenylpiperazine derivatives: 1-{2-[2-(2,6-dimethlphenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl}-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazynine hydrochloride (HBK-14) and 2-[2-(2-chloro-6-methylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl-4-(2- methoxyphenyl)piperazynine dihydrochloride (HBK-15) in radioligand binding and functional in vitro assays as well as in vivo models. Antidepressant-like properties were investigated in the forced swim test (FST) in mice and rats. Anxiolytic-like activity was evaluated in the four-plate test in mice and elevated plus maze test (EPM) in rats. Imipramine and escitalopram were used as reference drugs in the FST, and diazepam was used as a standard anxiolytic drug in animal models of anxiety. Our results indicate that HBK-14 and HBK-15 possess high or moderate affinity for serotonergic 5-HT2, adrenergic α1, and dopaminergic D2 receptors as well as being full 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor antagonists. We also present their potent antidepressant-like activity (HBK-14—FST mice: 2.5 and 5 mg/kg; FST rats: 5 mg/kg) and (HBK-15—FST mice: 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg; FST rats: 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg). We show that HBK-14 (four-plate test: 2.5 and 5 mg/kg; EPM: 2.5 mg/kg) and HBK-15 (four-plate test: 2.5 and 5 mg/kg; EPM: 5 mg/kg) possess anxiolytic-like properties. Among the two, HBK-15 has stronger antidepressant-like properties, and HBK-14 displays greater anxiolytic-like activity. Lastly, we demonstrate the involvement of serotonergic system, particularly 5-HT1A receptor, in the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like actions of investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jastrzębska-Więsek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kazek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrian Olczyk
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44–100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adam Gałuszka
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44–100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marian Błachuta
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44–100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30–688, Krakow, Poland
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Bethea CL, Kohama SG, Reddy AP, Urbanski HF. Ovarian steroids regulate gene expression in the dorsal raphe of old female macaques. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 37:179-191. [PMID: 26686671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With extended life spans in modern humans, menopause has become a significant risk factor for depression, anxiety, loss of cognitive functions, weight gain, metabolic disease, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical studies have found beneficial neural effects of ovarian steroid hormone therapy (HT) during the menopausal transition and data are emerging that it can be continued long term. To further understand molecular underpinnings of the clinical studies, we used quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to examine gene expression in the serotonergic dorsal raphe of old (>18 years) rhesus macaques, focusing on genes related to depression, cellular resilience, and neurodegenerative diseases. The animals were ovariectomized (Ovx, surgically menopausal) and subjected to either estradiol or estradiol plus progesterone HT, or to placebo, starting 2 months after Ovx and continuing for ∼ 4 years. Significant changes were observed in 36 of 48 genes examined that encode proteins supporting serotonin neurotransmission, synapse assembly, glutamate neurotransmission, DNA repair, chaperones, ubiquinases and transport motors, as well as genes encoding proteins that have potential to delay the onset of neuropathologies. The data reveal important gene targets for chronic HT that contribute to neural health. Alternatively, the loss of ovarian steroids may lead to loss of functions at the gene level that contribute to many of the observable neural deficits after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Bethea
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Steven G Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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183
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Stimpson CD, Barger N, Taglialatela JP, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Hof PR, Hopkins WD, Sherwood CC. Differential serotonergic innervation of the amygdala in bonobos and chimpanzees. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:413-22. [PMID: 26475872 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans' closest living relatives are bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), yet these great ape species differ considerably from each other in terms of social behavior. Bonobos are more tolerant of conspecifics in competitive contexts and often use sexual behavior to mediate social interactions. Chimpanzees more frequently employ aggression during conflicts and actively patrol territories between communities. Regulation of emotional responses is facilitated by the amygdala, which also modulates social decision-making, memory and attention. Amygdala responsiveness is further regulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. We hypothesized that the amygdala of bonobos and chimpanzees would differ in its neuroanatomical organization and serotonergic innervation. We measured volumes of regions and the length density of serotonin transporter-containing axons in the whole amygdala and its lateral, basal, accessory basal and central nuclei. Results showed that accessory basal nucleus volume was larger in chimpanzees than in bonobos. Of particular note, the amygdala of bonobos had more than twice the density of serotonergic axons than chimpanzees, with the most pronounced differences in the basal and central nuclei. These findings suggest that variation in serotonergic innervation of the amygdala may contribute to mediating the remarkable differences in social behavior exhibited by bonobos and chimpanzees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl D Stimpson
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052,
| | - Nicole Barger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jared P Taglialatela
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144
| | | | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - William D Hopkins
- Neuroscience Institute and Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, and Department of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
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184
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Chilmonczyk Z, Bojarski AJ, Pilc A, Sylte I. Functional Selectivity and Antidepressant Activity of Serotonin 1A Receptor Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18474-506. [PMID: 26262615 PMCID: PMC4581256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological functions. 5-HT has been implicated in sleep, feeding, sexual behavior, temperature regulation, pain, and cognition as well as in pathological states including disorders connected to mood, anxiety, psychosis and pain. 5-HT1A receptors have for a long time been considered as an interesting target for the action of antidepressant drugs. It was postulated that postsynaptic 5-HT1A agonists could form a new class of antidepressant drugs, and mixed 5-HT1A receptor ligands/serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors seem to possess an interesting pharmacological profile. It should, however, be noted that 5-HT1A receptors can activate several different biochemical pathways and signal through both G protein-dependent and G protein-independent pathways. The variables that affect the multiplicity of 5-HT1A receptor signaling pathways would thus result from the summation of effects specific to the host cell milieu. Moreover, receptor trafficking appears different at pre- and postsynaptic sites. It should also be noted that the 5-HT1A receptor cooperates with other signal transduction systems (like the 5-HT1B or 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptors, the GABAergic and the glutaminergic systems), which also contribute to its antidepressant and/or anxiolytic activity. Thus identifying brain specific molecular targets for 5-HT1A receptor ligands may result in a better targeting, raising a hope for more effective medicines for various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Chilmonczyk
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland.
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Rzeszów, W. Kopisto 2A, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Jacek Bojarski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, No-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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185
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5-HT1A receptor blockade targeting the basolateral amygdala improved stress-induced impairment of memory consolidation and retrieval in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 300:609-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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186
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Cholinergic and serotonergic modulations differentially affect large-scale functional networks in the mouse brain. Brain Struct Funct 2015. [PMID: 26195064 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is a widely implemented technique used to investigate large-scale topology in the human brain during health and disease. Studies in mice provide additional advantages, including the possibility to flexibly modulate the brain by pharmacological or genetic manipulations in combination with high-throughput functional connectivity (FC) investigations. Pharmacological modulations that target specific neurotransmitter systems, partly mimicking the effect of pathological events, could allow discriminating the effect of specific systems on functional network disruptions. The current study investigated the effect of cholinergic and serotonergic antagonists on large-scale brain networks in mice. The cholinergic system is involved in cognitive functions and is impaired in, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, while the serotonergic system is involved in emotional and introspective functions and is impaired in, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, depression and autism. Specific interest goes to the default-mode-network (DMN), which is studied extensively in humans and is affected in many neurological disorders. The results show that both cholinergic and serotonergic antagonists impaired the mouse DMN-like network similarly, except that cholinergic modulation additionally affected the retrosplenial cortex. This suggests that both neurotransmitter systems are involved in maintaining integrity of FC within the DMN-like network in mice. Cholinergic and serotonergic modulations also affected other functional networks, however, serotonergic modulation impaired the frontal and thalamus networks more extensively. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the utility of pharmacological rsfMRI in animal models to provide insights into the role of specific neurotransmitter systems on functional networks in neurological disorders.
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187
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Moon ML, Joesting JJ, Blevins NA, Lawson MA, Gainey SJ, Towers AE, McNeil LK, Freund GG. IL-4 Knock Out Mice Display Anxiety-Like Behavior. Behav Genet 2015; 45:451-60. [PMID: 25772794 PMCID: PMC4459943 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a recognized antecedent and coincident factor when examining the biology of anxiety. Little is known, however, about how reductions in endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators impact anxiety. Therefore, mood- cognition- and anxiety-associated/like behaviors were examined in IL-4 knock out (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. In comparison to WT mice, IL-4 KO mice demonstrated decreased burrowing and increased social exploration. No differences were seen in forced swim or saccharine preference testing. IL-4 KO mice had similar performance to WT mice in the Morris water maze and during object location and novel object recognition. In the elevated zero-maze, IL-4 KO mice, in comparison to WT mice, demonstrated anxiety-like behavior. Anxiety-like behavior in IL-4 KO mice was not observed, however, during open-field testing. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-4 KO mice display state, but not trait, anxiety suggesting that reductions in endogenous anti-inflammatory bioactives can engender subtypes of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Moon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Joesting
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Neil A. Blevins
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Marcus A. Lawson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gainey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Albert E. Towers
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Leslie K. McNeil
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Gregory G. Freund
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
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Genetic Variations in the Serotonergic System Mediate a Combined, Weakened Response to SSRI Treatment: A Proposed Model. eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-TNC-0032-14. [PMID: 26464988 PMCID: PMC4586934 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0032-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with the short (S) allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) show a less favorable response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment than individuals with the long (L) allele. Similarly, individuals with the C(-1019)G allele for the mutation found in the promoter region of the serotonin 1A receptor gene (5-HTR1A) have shown blunted responses to SSRI treatment when compared with individuals lacking this polymorphism. While these findings have been replicated across multiple studies, only two studies to date have reported data for a gene-gene interaction associated with response to SSRI treatment. Both of these studies reported a combined effect for these genotypes, with individuals homozygous for the L allele and the C allele (5-HTT(L/L)-1A(C/C)) reporting the most favorable response to SSRI treatment, and individuals homozygous for the S allele and the G allele (5-HTT(S/S)-1A(G/G)) reporting the least favorable response to SSRI treatment. Additionally, no neural mechanisms have been proposed to explain why this gene-gene interaction has been observed. To that end, this article provides a review of the relevant literature associated with these polymorphisms and proposes a feasible model that describes a genotype-dependent modulation of postsynaptic serotonin signaling associated with the 5-HTT and 5-HTR1A genes.
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189
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Huang Y, Thathiah A. Regulation of neuronal communication by G protein-coupled receptors. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1607-19. [PMID: 25980603 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal communication plays an essential role in the propagation of information in the brain and requires a precisely orchestrated connectivity between neurons. Synaptic transmission is the mechanism through which neurons communicate with each other. It is a strictly regulated process which involves membrane depolarization, the cellular exocytosis machinery, neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft, and the interaction between ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and downstream effector molecules. The focus of this review is to explore the role of GPCRs and G protein-signaling in neurotransmission, to highlight the function of GPCRs, which are localized in both presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane terminals, in regulation of intrasynaptic and intersynaptic communication, and to discuss the involvement of astrocytic GPCRs in the regulation of neuronal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Huang
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics (CME) and Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (LIND), University of Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amantha Thathiah
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics (CME) and Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (LIND), University of Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium.
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190
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Zohar I, Dosoretz-Abittan L, Shoham S, Weinstock M. Sex dependent reduction by prenatal stress of the expression of 5HT1A receptors in the prefrontal cortex and CRF type 2 receptors in the raphe nucleus in rats: reversal by citalopram. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1643-53. [PMID: 25420605 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alterations in the serotonergic transmission and activity of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family may underlie anxiety and depressive disorders. These could be corrected by treatment with SSRIs. OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study is to determine whether the increased anxiety of prenatally stressed (PS) rats of both sexes is associated with changes in 5HT1A and CRF type 2 receptors (5HT1AR and CRFR2) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) axis, and how these are affected by chronic treatment with citalopram (10 mg/kg/day). We focussed on GABAergic cells that co-express parvalbumin and/or neuropeptide Y, and 5HT1AR in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and on cells that express 5HT, parvalbumin, 5HT1AR or CRFR2 in the DRN. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry with fluorescent antibodies demonstrated sex differences in the expression of 5HT1AR and CRFR2 protein. Prenatal stress selectively reduced the expression of 5HT1AR on GABAergic cells in the mPFC in males and that of CRFR2 in the DRN of females. Citalopram treatment for 5 weeks abolished the increase in anxiety in both sexes, restored the intensity of expression of 5HT1AR in the mPFC in males and increased their expression in the mPFC and DRN in females. Citalopram reduced CRFR2 expression in control and PS males but increased it in PS females. CONCLUSIONS Male and female rats show differences in the expression of 5HT1AR and CRFR2 protein that are selectively reduced by prenatal stress. Reversal by citalopram of the changes in the expression of these receptors induced by prenatal stress support their role in the aetiology of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Zohar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Drug Research, Hebrew University Medical Centre, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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191
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de Almeida RMM, Cabral JCC, Narvaes R. Behavioural, hormonal and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behaviour in human and nonhuman primates. Physiol Behav 2015; 143:121-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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192
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Nathan FM, Ogawa S, Parhar IS. Kisspeptin1 modulates odorant-evoked fear response via two serotonin receptor subtypes (5-HT1A
and 5-HT2
) in zebrafish. J Neurochem 2015; 133:870-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima M. Nathan
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
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193
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L-Dopa and Brain Serotonin System Dysfunction. TOXICS 2015; 3:75-88. [PMID: 29056652 PMCID: PMC5634697 DOI: 10.3390/toxics3010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
L-dopa is used to treat the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by a loss of dopamine neurons. L-dopa is the precursor to dopamine and crosses the blood-brain barrier to increase dopamine neurotransmission. This review will focus on the findings that dopamine produced from L-dopa is mediated in part by serotonin neurons. Direct evidence will be provided that increases in dopamine cause oxidative stress and damage serotonin neurons. Similarly, chronic L-dopa produces deficits in serotonin neurotransmission, including decreases in both serotonin cell bodies within the dorsal raphe and serotonin neurotransmitter concentrations in several forebrain regions. Since serotonin is involved in many important physiological processes including mood and cognition, L-dopa induced serotonin deficits may play a role in the side-effect symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease patients treated with L-dopa.
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194
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Neuroplasticity underlying the comorbidity of pain and depression. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:504691. [PMID: 25810926 PMCID: PMC4355564 DOI: 10.1155/2015/504691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pain induces depressed mood, and chronic pain is known to cause depression. Depression, meanwhile, can also adversely affect pain behaviors ranging from symptomology to treatment response. Pain and depression independently induce long-term plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Comorbid conditions, however, have distinct patterns of neural activation. We performed a review of the changes in neural circuitry and molecular signaling pathways that may underlie this complex relationship between pain and depression. We also discussed some of the current and future therapies that are based on this understanding of the CNS plasticity that occurs with pain and depression.
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195
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Du X, Pang TY. Is Dysregulation of the HPA-Axis a Core Pathophysiology Mediating Co-Morbid Depression in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:32. [PMID: 25806005 PMCID: PMC4353372 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of prodromal manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). These affective symptoms may be observed many years before the core diagnostic symptoms of the neurological condition. It is becoming more apparent that depression is a significant modifying factor of the trajectory of disease progression and even treatment outcomes. It is therefore crucial that we understand the potential pathophysiologies related to the primary condition, which could contribute to the development of depression. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis is a key neuroendocrine signaling system involved in physiological homeostasis and stress response. Disturbances of this system lead to severe hormonal imbalances, and the majority of such patients also present with behavioral deficits and/or mood disorders. Dysregulation of the HPA-axis is also strongly implicated in the pathology of major depressive disorder. Consistent with this, antidepressant drugs, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to alter HPA-axis activity. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding HPA-axis pathology in Alzheimer's, PD and HD, differentiating between prodromal and later stages of disease progression when evidence is available. Both clinical and preclinical evidence will be examined, but we highlight animal model studies as being particularly useful for uncovering novel mechanisms of pathology related to co-morbid mood disorders. Finally, we purpose utilizing the preclinical evidence to better inform prospective, intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Mental Health Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Terence Y Pang
- Behavioural Neurosciences Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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196
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Jensik PJ, Vargas JD, Reardon SN, Rajamanickam S, Huggenvik JI, Collard MW. DEAF1 binds unmethylated and variably spaced CpG dinucleotide motifs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115908. [PMID: 25531106 PMCID: PMC4274154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAF1 is a transcriptional regulator associated with autoimmune and neurological disorders and is known to bind TTCG motifs. To further ascertain preferred DEAF1 DNA ligands, we screened a random oligonucleotide library containing an "anchored" CpG motif. We identified a binding consensus that generally conformed to a repeated TTCGGG motif, with the two invariant CpG dinucleotides separated by 6-11 nucleotides. Alteration of the consensus surrounding the dual CpG dinucleotides, or cytosine methylation of a single CpG half-site, eliminated DEAF1 binding. A sequence within the Htr1a promoter that resembles the binding consensus but contains a single CpG motif was confirmed to have low affinity binding with DEAF1. A DEAF1 binding consensus was identified in the EIF4G3 promoter and ChIP assay showed endogenous DEAF1 was bound to the region. We conclude that DEAF1 preferentially binds variably spaced and unmethylated CpG-containing half-sites when they occur within an appropriate consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Jensik
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jesse D. Vargas
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sara N. Reardon
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shivakumar Rajamanickam
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jodi I. Huggenvik
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Collard
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
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197
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Riga D, Matos MR, Glas A, Smit AB, Spijker S, Van den Oever MC. Optogenetic dissection of medial prefrontal cortex circuitry. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:230. [PMID: 25538574 PMCID: PMC4260491 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critically involved in numerous cognitive functions, including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation, working memory and long-term memory. Moreover, through its dense interconnectivity with subcortical regions (e.g., thalamus, striatum, amygdala and hippocampus), the mPFC is thought to exert top-down executive control over the processing of aversive and appetitive stimuli. Because the mPFC has been implicated in the processing of a wide range of cognitive and emotional stimuli, it is thought to function as a central hub in the brain circuitry mediating symptoms of psychiatric disorders. New optogenetics technology enables anatomical and functional dissection of mPFC circuitry with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. This provides important novel insights in the contribution of specific neuronal subpopulations and their connectivity to mPFC function in health and disease states. In this review, we present the current knowledge obtained with optogenetic methods concerning mPFC function and dysfunction and integrate this with findings from traditional intervention approaches used to investigate the mPFC circuitry in animal models of cognitive processing and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Riga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariana R Matos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annet Glas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel C Van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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198
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Parnia S. Death and consciousness--an overview of the mental and cognitive experience of death. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1330:75-93. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Parnia
- The State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York
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199
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Editorial. Thematic section: serotonin and its receptors. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1727-8. [PMID: 25266038 PMCID: PMC4467966 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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200
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Stansley BJ, Yamamoto BK. Chronic L-dopa decreases serotonin neurons in a subregion of the dorsal raphe nucleus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:440-7. [PMID: 25212217 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Dopa (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) is the precursor to dopamine and has become the mainstay therapeutic treatment for Parkinson's disease. Chronic L-dopa is administered to recover motor function in Parkinson's disease patients. However, drug efficacy decreases over time, and debilitating side effects occur, such as dyskinesia and mood disturbances. The therapeutic effect and some of the side effects of L-dopa have been credited to its effect on serotonin (5-HT) neurons. Given these findings, it was hypothesized that chronic L-dopa treatment decreases 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the content of 5-HT in forebrain regions in a manner that is mediated by oxidative stress. Rats were treated chronically with l-dopa (6 mg/kg; twice daily) for 10 days. Results indicated that the number of 5-HT neurons was significantly decreased in the DRN after l-dopa treatment compared with vehicle. This effect was more pronounced in the caudal-extent of the dorsal DRN, a subregion found to have a significantly higher increase in the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio in response to acute L-dopa treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with ascorbic acid (400 mg/kg) or deprenyl (2 mg/kg) prevented the l-dopa-induced decreases in 5-HT neurons. In addition, 5-HT content was decreased significantly in the DRN and prefrontal cortex by l-dopa treatment, effects that were prevented by ascorbic acid pretreatment. Taken together, these data illustrate that chronic L-dopa causes a 5-HT neuron loss and the depletion of 5-HT content in a subregion of the DRN as well as in the frontal cortex through an oxidative-stress mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden J Stansley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bryan K Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
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