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Wang X, Kostrzewa C, Reiner A, Shen R, Begg C. Adaptation of a mutual exclusivity framework to identify driver mutations within oncogenic pathways. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:227-241. [PMID: 38232729 PMCID: PMC10870134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing genomic alterations in cancer-associated genes that have functional impact on tumor growth and disease progression from the ones that are passengers and confer no fitness advantage have important clinical implications. Evidence-based methods for nominating drivers are limited by existing knowledge on the oncogenic effects and therapeutic benefits of specific variants from clinical trials or experimental settings. As clinical sequencing becomes a mainstay of patient care, applying computational methods to mine the rapidly growing clinical genomic data holds promise in uncovering functional candidates beyond the existing knowledge base and expanding the patient population that could potentially benefit from genetically targeted therapies. We propose a statistical and computational method (MAGPIE) that builds on a likelihood approach leveraging the mutual exclusivity pattern within an oncogenic pathway for identifying probabilistically both the specific genes within a pathway and the individual mutations within such genes that are truly the drivers. Alterations in a cancer-associated gene are assumed to be a mixture of driver and passenger mutations with the passenger rates modeled in relationship to tumor mutational burden. We use simulations to study the operating characteristics of the method and assess false-positive and false-negative rates in driver nomination. When applied to a large study of primary melanomas, the method accurately identifies the known driver genes within the RTK-RAS pathway and nominates several rare variants as prime candidates for functional validation. A comprehensive evaluation of MAGPIE against existing tools has also been conducted leveraging the Cancer Genome Atlas data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Caroline Kostrzewa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronglai Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colin Begg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Tao L, Song P, Shao L, Gao H, Ji K, Ren Y, Wang F, Wang M. miR-129-2-3p inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by down-regulating the expression of BZW1. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:42-50. [PMID: 38220481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS MicroRNA (miRNA) is involved in diverse biological and physiological processes of tumors. Dysregulation of miRNA will induce a series of human diseases. miR-129-2-3p has vital effects in the pathogenesis of various tumors. However, the regulatory function of miR-129-2-3p in colon cancer remains to be clarified. This study investigated the role of miR-129-2-3p targeting BZW1 in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Here, RT-qPCR was applied to measure the miR-129-2-3p levels in colon cancer tissues. The predicted targets of miR-129-2-3p were identified by bioinformatics and verified using luciferase reporter assay. The effects of miR-129-2-3p on colon cancer were detected by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell chamber test, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays. Finally, the influence of miR-129-2-3p on tumor growth was studied. Nude mice were xenografted with transfected Lovo cells by subcutaneous injection of 5 × 105 cells in 100 µl. HE staining and TUNEL were used to assess metastasis ability. RESULTS miR-129-2-3p level in colon cancer tissue was significantly reduced. Furthermore, it was verified that BZW1 was a target of miR-129-2-3p, and its expression in colon cancer cells was inhibited by miR-129-2-3p. Additionally, miR-129-2-3p inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, mobility ability and tumor growth, and promoted cell apoptosis by targeting BZW1. miR-129-2-3p overexpression in tumor xenografts in vivo decreased BZW1 expression, and suppressed tumor growth. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicated that miR-129-2-3p exerts a suppressive role in colon cancer cells by directly targeting BZW1, and may have significant therapeutic implications for patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihua Shao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hengfei Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kangkang Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
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153
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Chhichholiya Y, Singh HV, Vashistha R, Singh S, Munshi A. Deciphering the role of KRAS gene in oncogenesis: Focus on signaling pathways, genetic alterations in 3'UTR, KRAS specific miRNAs and therapeutic interventions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 194:104250. [PMID: 38143047 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant cause of death after cardiovascular disease. The genomic, epigenetic and environmental factors have been found to be the risk factor for the disease. The most important genes that develop cancer are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Among oncogenes, KRAS has emerged as a significant player in the development of many cancers. Dysregulation of the RAS signaling pathway either on account of mutation in significant genes involved in the pathway or aberrant expression of different miRNAs targeting these genes including KRAS. The focus is also on the alterations in 3'UTR of the KRAS gene sequence as well as the changes in the miRNA encoding genes especially the one targeting the KRAS gene. Efforts are also being put in to target the dysregulated KRAS gene as a therapeutic approach to treat different cancers. However, there are some challenges like resistance to KRAS inhibitors that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Chhichholiya
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harsh Vikram Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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154
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Abbas G, Saluja TS, Kumar D, Agrawal H, Gupta A, Panday G, Singh SK. Antitumor efficacy of synthesized Ag-Au nanocomposite loaded with PEG and ascorbic acid in human lung cancer stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113904. [PMID: 38163564 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide of which non-small cell lung carcinoma constitutes majority of the cases. High mortality is attributed to early metastasis, late diagnosis, ineffective treatment and tumor relapse. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy form the mainstay of its treatment. However, their associated side effects involving kidneys, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and liver further adds to dismal outcome. These disadvantages of conventional treatment can be circumvented by use of engineered nanoparticles for improved effectiveness with minimal side effects. In this study we have synthesized silver gold nanocomposite (Ag-Au NC) using polyethylene glycol and l-ascorbic acid as surfactant and reducing agent respectively. Synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption, dynamic light scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Compositional analysis was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and average pore diameter was estimated using Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method. In-silico molecular docking analysis of the synthesized NC against active regions of epidermal growth factor receptor revealed good binding energy. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of NC on growth and stem cell attributes of A549 lung cancer cells. Results showed that NC was effective in inhibiting A549 cell proliferation, induced DNA damage, G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Further, tumor cell migration and spheroid formation were also negatively affected. NC also enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial depolarization. In addition, the effect of NC on putative cancer stem cells in A549 cells was evaluated. We found that Ag-Au NC at IC50 targeted CD44, CD24, CD166, CD133 and CD326 positive cancer stem cells and induced apoptosis. CD166 positive cells were relatively resistance to apoptosis. Together our results demonstrate the anticancer efficacy of Ag-Au NC mediated by a mechanism involving cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tajindra Singh Saluja
- Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; Department of Center for Advance Research, Stem Cell/Cell Culture Lab, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Center for Advance Research, Stem Cell/Cell Culture Lab, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Agrawal
- FlowSols Pvt. Ltd. Royal Greens, Sirsi Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Department of Center for Advance Research, Stem Cell/Cell Culture Lab, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gajanan Panday
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Satyendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Center for Advance Research, Stem Cell/Cell Culture Lab, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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155
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Rekowska AK, Rola P, Kwiatkowska A, Wójcik-Superczyńska M, Gil M, Krawczyk P, Milanowski J. Abnormalities in the KRAS Gene and Treatment Options for NSCLC Patients with the G12C Mutation in This Gene-A Literature Review and Single-Center Experience. Biomedicines 2024; 12:325. [PMID: 38397927 PMCID: PMC10886466 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the KRAS gene are among the most common mutations observed in cancer cells, but they have only recently become an achievable goal for targeted therapies. Two KRAS inhibitors, sotorasib and adagrasib, have recently been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with the KRAS G12C mutation, while studies on their efficacy are still ongoing. In this work, we comprehensively analyzed RAS gene mutations' molecular background, mutation testing, KRAS inhibitors' effectiveness with an emphasis on non-small cell lung cancer, the impact of KRAS mutations on immunotherapy outcomes, and drug resistance problems. We also summarized ongoing trials and analyzed emerging perspectives on targeting KRAS in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Rekowska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland (M.W.-S.); (M.G.); (J.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland (M.W.-S.); (M.G.); (J.M.)
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156
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Wang H, Chang TS, Dombroski BA, Cheng PL, Patil V, Valiente-Banuet L, Farrell K, Mclean C, Molina-Porcel L, Rajput A, De Deyn PP, Bastard NL, Gearing M, Kaat LD, Swieten JCV, Dopper E, Ghetti BF, Newell KL, Troakes C, de Yébenes JG, Rábano-Gutierrez A, Meller T, Oertel WH, Respondek G, Stamelou M, Arzberger T, Roeber S, Müller U, Hopfner F, Pastor P, Brice A, Durr A, Ber IL, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Hazrati LN, Litvan I, Rademakers R, Ross OA, Galasko D, Boxer AL, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Deerlin VMV, Lee EB, White CL, Morris H, de Silva R, Crary JF, Goate AM, Friedman JS, Leung YY, Coppola G, Naj AC, Wang LS, Dickson DW, Höglinger GU, Schellenberg GD, Geschwind DH, Lee WP. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis Reveals New Susceptibility Loci and Structural Variants Associated with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.12.28.23300612. [PMID: 38234807 PMCID: PMC10793533 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.28.23300612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of aggregated tau proteins in astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Previous genome-wide association studies for PSP were based on genotype array, therefore, were inadequate for the analysis of rare variants as well as larger mutations, such as small insertions/deletions (indels) and structural variants (SVs). Method In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) and conducted association analysis for single nucleotide variants (SNVs), indels, and SVs, in a cohort of 1,718 cases and 2,944 controls of European ancestry. Of the 1,718 PSP individuals, 1,441 were autopsy-confirmed and 277 were clinically diagnosed. Results Our analysis of common SNVs and indels confirmed known genetic loci at MAPT, MOBP, STX6, SLCO1A2, DUSP10, and SP1, and further uncovered novel signals in APOE, FCHO1/MAP1S, KIF13A, TRIM24, TNXB, and ELOVL1. Notably, in contrast to Alzheimer's disease (AD), we observed the APOE ε2 allele to be the risk allele in PSP. Analysis of rare SNVs and indels identified significant association in ZNF592 and further gene network analysis identified a module of neuronal genes dysregulated in PSP. Moreover, seven common SVs associated with PSP were observed in the H1/H2 haplotype region (17q21.31) and other loci, including IGH, PCMT1, CYP2A13, and SMCP. In the H1/H2 haplotype region, there is a burden of rare deletions and duplications (P = 6.73×10-3) in PSP. Conclusions Through WGS, we significantly enhanced our understanding of the genetic basis of PSP, providing new targets for exploring disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S Chang
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Po-Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vishakha Patil
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leopoldo Valiente-Banuet
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Department of Pathology, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Nash Family, Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain, Institute, Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Victorian Brain Bank, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit. Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Fundació Recerca Clínic Barcelona (FRCB). Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Elise Dopper
- Netherlands Brain Bank and Erasmus University, Netherlands
| | - Bernardino F Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Claire Troakes
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alberto Rábano-Gutierrez
- Fundación CIEN (Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Neurológicas) - Centro Alzheimer Fundación Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Gesine Respondek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
- European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Franziska Hopfner
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurosciences, The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Willian W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vivanna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles L White
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Huw Morris
- Departmento of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Nash Family, Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain, Institute, Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Friedman
- Friedman Bioventure, Inc., Del Mar, CA, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Movement Disorders Programs, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wan-Ping Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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157
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Sambath J, Noronha V, Manda SS, Mishra R, Chandrani P, Patil V, Menon N, Chougule A, Ramachandran V, Limaye S, Kuriakose MA, Banavali SD, Kumar P, Prabhash K. Whole exome sequencing uncovers HRAS mutations as potential mediators of resistance to metronomic chemotherapy. Gene 2024; 893:147952. [PMID: 37918550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study is to identify the genetic factors that contribute to the response of metronomic chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients using whole-exome sequencing (WES). This study would facilitate the identification of predictive biomarkers, which would enable personalized treatment strategies and improve treatment outcomes for patients with HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have selected patients with recurrent head and neck cancer who underwent metronomic chemotherapy. Sequential tumor biopsies were collected from the patients at different stages of treatment to capture the genomic alterations and tumor evolution during metronomic chemotherapy and sequenced using WES. RESULTS We identified several known HNSCC hallmark genes reported in COSMIC, including KMT2B, NOTCH1, FAT1, TP53, HRAS, CASP8, and CDKN2A. Copy number alteration analysis revealed amplifications and deletions in several oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes. COSMIC Mutational Signature 15 associated with defective DNA mismatch repair was enriched in 73% of HNSCC samples. Further, the comparison of genomic alterations between responders and non-responders identified HRAS gene uniquely mutated in non-responders that could potentially contribute to resistance against metronomic chemotherapy. DISCUSSION Our findings corroborate the molecular heterogeneity of recurrent HNSCC tumors and establish an association between HRAS mutations and resistance to metronomic chemotherapy, suggesting HRAS as a potential therapeutic target. Combining HRAS inhibitors with metronomic regimens could improve treatment sensitivity in HRAS-mutated HNSCC patients. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the genomic mechanisms underlying the response to metronomic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Sambath
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | | | - Srikanth S Manda
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sewanti Limaye
- Division of Medical and Precision Oncology, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Moni A Kuriakose
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Karkinos Foundation, Mumbai, India; Karkinos Healthcare Pvt Ltd., Mumbai, India.
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158
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Kim Y, Miller WT. Contrasting Effects of Cancer-Associated Mutations in EphA3 and EphB2 Kinases. Biochemistry 2024:10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00674. [PMID: 38252844 PMCID: PMC11265570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatoma (Eph) receptors are a family of tyrosine kinases that can act as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors, depending on the receptor and cancer cell type. Cancer-associated somatic mutations have been identified in all Eph receptors, but in most cases, the functional effects of the mutations are unknown. In this study, we expressed and purified the kinase domains of wild-type (WT) EphA3 and EphB2 along with 16 cancer-associated mutants. We identified mutations that decrease EphA3 activity and both activating and inhibitory mutations in EphB2. To shed light on the mechanisms by which the mutations altered kinase activity, we measured the thermal stabilities of the enzymes and performed steady-state kinetic experiments. We also expressed the full-length receptors in HEK293T cells to determine the cellular effects. WT EphB2 promoted downstream ERK signaling, while a kinase-inactive mutant (S706F) was similar to the control cells. In contrast, WT EphA3 (but not loss-of-function mutants) inhibited ERK signaling. The reciprocal effects of EphB2 and EphA3 on ERK phosphorylation in HEK293T cells were also evident in Ras-GTP loading. Thus, consistent with the dual roles of Eph receptors as tumor promoters and tumor suppressors, somatic mutations have the potential to increase or decrease Eph function, resulting in changes in the downstream signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York 11768, United States
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159
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Wang J, Peng J, Chen Y, Nasser MI, Qin H. The role of stromal cells in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and its therapeutic potential. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:13. [PMID: 38244071 PMCID: PMC10799841 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical tumor invasion and metastasis process. EMT enables tumor cells to migrate, detach from their original location, enter the circulation, circulate within it, and eventually exit from blood arteries to colonize in foreign sites, leading to the development of overt metastases, ultimately resulting in death. EMT is intimately tied to stromal cells around the tumor and is controlled by a range of cytokines secreted by stromal cells. This review summarizes recent research on stromal cell-mediated EMT in tumor invasion and metastasis. We also discuss the effects of various stromal cells on EMT induction and focus on the molecular mechanisms by which several significant stromal cells convert from foes to friends of cancer cells to fuel EMT processes via their secretions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). As a result, a better knowledge of the role of stromal cells in cancer cells' EMT may pave the path to cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjing Wang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Peng
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - M I Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Qin
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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160
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Witz A, Dardare J, Betz M, Gilson P, Merlin JL, Harlé A. Tumor-derived cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells: partners or rivals in metastasis formation? Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38231464 PMCID: PMC10794481 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The origin of metastases is a topic that has sparked controversy. Despite recent advancements, metastatic disease continues to pose challenges. The first admitted model of how metastases develop revolves around cells breaking away from the primary tumor, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells survive while circulating through the bloodstream and subsequently establish themselves in secondary organs, a process often referred to as the "metastatic cascade". This intricate and dynamic process involves various steps, but all the mechanisms behind metastatic dissemination are not yet comprehensively elucidated. The "seed and soil" theory has shed light on the phenomenon of metastatic organotropism and the existence of pre-metastatic niches. It is now established that these niches can be primed by factors secreted by the primary tumor before the arrival of CTCs. In particular, exosomes have been identified as important contributors to this priming. Another concept then emerged, i.e. the "genometastasis" theory, which challenged all other postulates. It emphasizes the intriguing but promising role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in metastasis formation through oncogenic formation of recipient cells. However, it cannot be ruled out that all these theories are intertwined. This review outlines the primary theories regarding the metastases formation that involve CTCs, and depicts cfDNA, a potential second player in the metastasis formation. We discuss the potential interrelationships between CTCs and cfDNA, and propose both in vitro and in vivo experimental strategies to explore all plausible theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Witz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Julie Dardare
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Margaux Betz
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Gilson
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Département de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN-Université de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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161
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Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Siddiqui S, Chadha M, Shukla R, Srivastava V. Emerging trends in gastrointestinal cancers: Targeting developmental pathways in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:41-99. [PMID: 38663962 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal carcinomas are a group of cancers associated with the digestive system and its accessory organs. The most prevalent cancers related to the gastrointestinal tract are colorectal, gall bladder, gastric, hepatocellular, and esophageal cancers, respectively. Molecular aberrations in different signaling pathways, such as signal transduction systems or developmental pathways are the chief triggering mechanisms in different cancers Though a massive advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions results in improved survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer; the lower malignancy stages of these carcinomas are comparatively asymptomatic. Various gastrointestinal-related cancers are detected at advanced stages, leading to deplorable prognoses and increased rates of recurrence. Recent molecular studies have elucidated the imperative roles of several signaling pathways, namely Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways, play in the progression, therapeutic responsiveness, and metastasis of gastrointestinal-related cancers. This book chapter gives an interesting update on recent findings on the involvement of developmental signaling pathways their mechanistic insight in gastrointestinalcancer. Subsequently, evidences supporting the exploration of gastrointestinal cancer related molecular mechanisms have also been discussed for developing novel therapeutic strategies against these debilitating carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afza Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saleha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Muskan Chadha
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnakar Shukla
- Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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162
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Ye X, Deng J, Dong C, Pan X, Lu Y. Characterization and verification of CD81 as a potential target in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149344. [PMID: 38070275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
CD81 is a cell surface transmembrane protein of the tetraspanin family, which critically regulates signal transduction and immune response. Growing evidence has shown that CD81 plays important roles in tumorigenesis and influences immunotherapy response. Here, combining bio-informatics and functional analysis, we find that CD81 is a risk factor in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), whereas a protective factor in lung adenocarcinoma. In LUSC with high expression of CD81, the autophagy and JAK-STAT signaling pathway are activated. Meanwhile, the expression level of CD81 is negatively correlated with tumor mutational load (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and neoantigen (NEO). Furthermore, patients with LUSC and high expression of CD81 do not respond to immunotherapy drugs, but can respond to chemotherapy drugs. Importantly, depletion of CD81 suppresses the proliferation of LUSC cell, and enhances the sensitivity to cisplatin. Our findings suggest that CD81 represents a potential target for cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifu Ye
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyuan Deng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Dong
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, AnHui, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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163
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Panda GS, Noronha V, Patil V, Joshi A, Menon N, Kumar R, Pai T, Shetty O, Janu A, Chakrabarty N, Purandare N, Dey S, Prabhash K. Clinical outcomes of ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer with limited access to ROS1-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): experience from an Indian tertiary referral centre. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1654. [PMID: 38425761 PMCID: PMC10901635 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction ROS1 as a driver mutation is observed in approximately 1%-2% of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given its rarity, we share our experience regarding ROS1-positive NSCLC including the access to ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in a low-middle income country like India. Methods It is a retrospective analysis of ROS1-positive NSCLC patients registered between January 2015 to December 2021 for demographics, treatment patterns and outcomes i.e., overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Results Baseline characteristics were available for 70 patients of 78 patients positive for ROS1 by fluorescent in situ hybridisation. Median age at presentation was 52 years, 39 (55.7%) were males, most (51, 72.86%) were non-smokers and ten patients (14.3%) had poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) i.e., PS >2 at presentation. A total of 67 patients receiving cancer directed therapy were analysed for survival. The first line (1L) therapies included - ROS1 TKIs in 38, chemotherapy in 20, epidermal growth factor receptor TKI in eight and chemotherapy-bevacizumab in one only. ROS1 TKI was provided to 20 patients as part of an assistance programme. The median OS for patients who received ROS1 TKI was not attained (95% CI 37.85-NA), while it was 8.11 (95% CI 6.31-NA) months for those who did not (HR-0.1673). The median PFS for the 1L ROS1 TKI compared to the no-TKI group was 27.07 (95% CI 24.28-NA) months versus 5.78 (95% CI 3.42-12) months (HR: 0.2047). Poor ECOG PS at presentation was the only independent prognosticator for survival. Conclusion Using ROS1 TKI improves clinical outcomes in all-comers though statistically not significant. To further improve outcomes, future trials should pay special attention to patients with poor PS and find a way to increase the current limited access to TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Santosh Panda
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Vanita Noronha
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Vijay Patil
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Nandini Menon
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Trupti Pai
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Omshree Shetty
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Amit Janu
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Nivedita Chakrabarty
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Nilendu Purandare
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sayak Dey
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
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Raghuram GV, Tripathy BK, Avadhani K, Shabrish S, Khare NK, Lopes R, Pal K, Mittra I. Cell-free chromatin particles released from dying cells inflict mitochondrial damage and ROS production in living cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:30. [PMID: 38225229 PMCID: PMC10789803 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage and the resultant oxidative stress are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, and cancer. However, the triggers of mitochondrial damage remain unclear. We previously reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) released from the billions of cells that die in the body every day can readily enter healthy cells and damage their DNA. Here, we show that cfChPs isolated from the sera of healthy individuals, when applied to NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, cause physical damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). cfChPs also induce ultrastructural changes, increase mitochondrial mass, alter mitochondrial shape, upregulate mitochondrial outer membrane protein translocase of the outer membrane 20, and change mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, a marked increase was observed in mitochondrial superoxide (ROS) production, as detected by MitoSOX Red, and intracellular superoxide dismutase-1 activation. ROS production was also activated when a conditioned medium containing cfChPs released from hypoxia-induced dying NIH3T3 cells was applied to healthy NIH3T3 cells. ROS activation was significantly reduced when the conditioned medium was pre-treated with three different cfChP-deactivating agents: anti-histone antibody-complexed nanoparticles, DNase I, and the novel pro-oxidant combination of the nutraceuticals resveratrol and copper. Given that 1 × 109-1 × 1012 cells die in the body every day, we hypothesise that cfChPs from dying cells are the major physiological triggers for mtDNA damage and ROS production. Deactivation of cfChPs may provide a novel therapeutic approach to retard ageing and associated degenerative conditions linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorantla V Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Bhabesh Kumar Tripathy
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kartikeya Avadhani
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Snehal Shabrish
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Relestina Lopes
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Shabrish S, Pal K, Khare NK, Satsangi D, Pilankar A, Jadhav V, Shinde S, Raphael N, Sriram G, Lopes R, Raghuram GV, Tandel H, Mittra I. Cell-free chromatin particles released from dying cancer cells activate immune checkpoints in human lymphocytes: implications for cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1331491. [PMID: 38274821 PMCID: PMC10808321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1331491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is the exciting breakthrough in cancer, but how immune checkpoints are activated is unknown. We have earlier reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that circulate in blood of cancer patients, or those that are released locally from dying cancer cells, are readily internalized by healthy cells with biological consequences. Here we report that treatment of human lymphocytes with cfChPs isolated from sera of cancer patients led to marked activation of the immune checkpoints PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, NKG2A, and TIM-3. This finding was corroborated in vivo in splenocytes of mice when cfChPs were injected intravenously. Significant upregulation of immune checkpoint was also observed when isolated lymphocytes were exposed to conditioned medium containing cfChPs released from hypoxia-induced dying HeLa cells. Immune checkpoint activation could be down-regulated by pre-treating the conditioned media with three different cfChPs deactivating agents. Down-regulation of immune checkpoints by cfChPs deactivating agents may herald a novel form of immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Shabrish
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Khare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharana Satsangi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aishwarya Pilankar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishalkumar Jadhav
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushma Shinde
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nimisha Raphael
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Sriram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Relestina Lopes
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Gorantla V. Raghuram
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Harshali Tandel
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Indraneel Mittra
- Translational Research Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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166
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Cao Y, Xia H, Tan X, Shi C, Ma Y, Meng D, Zhou M, Lv Z, Wang S, Jin Y. Intratumoural microbiota: a new frontier in cancer development and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:15. [PMID: 38195689 PMCID: PMC10776793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Some studies discovered that tumour tissues once considered sterile actually host a variety of microorganisms, which have been confirmed to be closely related to oncogenesis. The concept of intratumoural microbiota was subsequently proposed. Microbiota could colonise tumour tissues through mucosal destruction, adjacent tissue migration, and hematogenic invasion and affect the biological behaviour of tumours as an important part of the tumour microenvironment. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that intratumoural microbiota potentially promote the initiation and progression of tumours by inducing genomic instability and mutations, affecting epigenetic modifications, promoting inflammation response, avoiding immune destruction, regulating metabolism, and activating invasion and metastasis. Since more comprehensive and profound insights about intratumoral microbiota are continuously emerging, new methods for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of cancer patients have been under examination. In addition, interventions based on intratumoural microbiota show great potential to open a new chapter in antitumour therapy, especially immunotherapy, although there are some inevitable challenges. Here, we aim to provide an extensive review of the concept, development history, potential sources, heterogeneity, and carcinogenic mechanisms of intratumoural microorganisms, explore the potential role of microorganisms in tumour prognosis, and discuss current antitumour treatment regimens that target intratumoural microorganisms and the research prospects and limitations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xueyun Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Daquan Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Zhilei Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Sufei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Tumour-Targeted Biochemotherapy, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China.
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Sarker DB, Xue Y, Mahmud F, Jocelyn JA, Sang QXA. Interconversion of Cancer Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:125. [PMID: 38247819 PMCID: PMC10814385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells (CSCs), share many molecular features with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that enable the derivation of induced pluripotent cancer cells by reprogramming malignant cells. Conversely, normal iPSCs can be converted into cancer stem-like cells with the help of tumor microenvironment components and genetic manipulation. These CSC models can be utilized in oncogenic initiation and progression studies, understanding drug resistance, and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the role of pluripotency factors in the stemness, tumorigenicity, and therapeutic resistance of cancer cells. Different methods to obtain iPSC-derived CSC models are described with an emphasis on exposure-based approaches. Culture in cancer cell-conditioned media or cocultures with cancer cells can convert normal iPSCs into cancer stem-like cells, aiding the examination of processes of oncogenesis. We further explored the potential of reprogramming cancer cells into cancer-iPSCs for mechanistic studies and cancer dependencies. The contributions of genetic, epigenetic, and tumor microenvironment factors can be evaluated using these models. Overall, integrating iPSC technology into cancer stem cell research holds significant promise for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology and accelerating the development of innovative and tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty B. Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Faiza Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Jonathan A. Jocelyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
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168
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Tzenaki N, Xenou L, Goulielmaki E, Tsapara A, Voudouri I, Antoniou A, Valianatos G, Tzardi M, De Bree E, Berdiaki A, Makrigiannakis A, Papakonstanti EA. A combined opposite targeting of p110δ PI3K and RhoA abrogates skin cancer. Commun Biol 2024; 7:26. [PMID: 38182748 PMCID: PMC10770346 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide whereas SCC is the second most common non-melanoma human skin cancer with limited treatment options. Here we show that the development and metastasis of melanoma and SCC cancers can be blocked by a combined opposite targeting of RhoA and p110δ PI3K. We found that a targeted induction of RhoA activity into tumours by deletion of p190RhoGAP-a potent inhibitor of RhoA GTPase-in tumour cells together with adoptive macrophages transfer from δD910A/D910A mice in mice bearing tumours with active RhoA abrogated growth progression of melanoma and SCC tumours. Τhe efficacy of this combined treatment is the same in tumours lacking activating mutations in BRAF and in tumours harbouring the most frequent BRAF(V600E) mutation. Furthermore, the efficiency of this combined treatment is associated with decreased ATX expression in tumour cells and tumour stroma bypassing a positive feedback expression of ATX induced by direct ATX pharmacological inactivation. Together, our findings highlight the importance of targeting cancer cells and macrophages for skin cancer therapy, emerge a reverse link between ATX and RhoA and illustrate the benefit of p110δ PI3K inhibition as a combinatorial regimen for the treatment of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lydia Xenou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Goulielmaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anna Tsapara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Voudouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelika Antoniou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Valianatos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eelco De Bree
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
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Espiga de Macedo J, Taveira-Gomes T, Machado JC, Hespanhol V. Implementation of a Pilot Study to Analyze Circulating Tumor DNA in Early-Stage Lung Cancer. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:10-19. [PMID: 37489611 DOI: 10.20344/amp.19487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquid biopsies based on plasma circulating tumour deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) have shown promise in monitoring lung cancer evolution. The expression of ctDNA across time, its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and its association with lung cancer progression through imaging allow us to weigh how useful ctDNA could be in monitoring surgically resectable lung cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ctDNA analysis implementation in early-stage lung cancer. METHODS A cohort of 47 patients was sequentially recruited. Only 34 patients with early-stage lung cancer were included. All patients had a tissue specimen and five blood samples drawn: at the preoperative stage, from the pulmonary vein, at surgical discharge, at the first follow-up and at the last follow-up. All blood samples were evaluated for ctDNA expression. RESULTS On average, the maximum yield of ctDNA was obtained in liquid biopsies at the surgical discharge of patients when compared with PO, PV, and F1 (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 respectively). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the last follow-up to surgical discharge ctDNA expression (p = 0.851). The correlation between ctDNA concentration according to five-time points and the four clinicopathological characteristics showed that patients younger than 70 years had a statistically significant reduction of the concentration of ctDNA at the preoperative and surgical discharge time point [β = -16 734 (-27 707; - 5760); p = 0.003; β = -21 785 (-38 447; -5123); p = 0.010], as opposed to an increase of the concentration of ctDNA at the pulmonary vein and last follow-up time points [β = 8369 (0.359; 16 378); p = 0.041; β = 34 402 (12 549; 56 254); p = 0.002] all with a confidence level of 95%. In the cases where actionable mutations were identified in tissue biopsies, the expected mutation was found in five out of six patients plasma samples at the pre-operatory time point and in two out of six patients plasma samples at the pulmonary vein time point. Two out of six patients with actionable mutations had disease progression. CONCLUSION The results of this pilot study suggest that the maximum yield of ctDNA is obtained at the surgical discharge of the patients and that the pre-operatory timepoint is the one offering the highest sensitivity for the detection of actionable mutations in ctDNA in early-stage lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Espiga de Macedo
- Medical Oncology Department. Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga. Santa Maria da Feira. & Faculty of Medicine. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Tiago Taveira-Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Community Medicine. Information and Decision in Health (MEDCIDS). Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Porto. Portugal
| | - José Carlos Machado
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Pulmonology. Hospital de São João. Porto. Portugal
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Pulmonology. Hospital de São João. Porto. Portugal
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170
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Berezowska S, Maillard M, Keyter M, Bisig B. Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoepithelial carcinoma - morphology, molecular characteristics and differential diagnosis. Histopathology 2024; 84:32-49. [PMID: 37936498 DOI: 10.1111/his.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises one of the major groups of non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung, and is subtyped into keratinising, non-keratinising and basaloid SCC. SCC can readily be diagnosed using histomorphology alone in keratinising SCC. Confirmatory immunohistochemical analyses should always be applied in non-keratinising and basaloid tumours to exclude differential diagnoses, most prominently adenocarcinoma and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, which may have important therapeutic consequences. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification 2015, the diagnosis of SCC can be rendered in resections of morphologically ambiguous tumours with squamous immunophenotype. In biopsies and cytology preparations in the same setting the current guidelines propose a diagnosis of 'non-small-cell carcinoma, favour SCC' in TTF1-negative and p40-positive tumours to acknowledge a possible sampling bias and restrict extended immunohistochemical evaluation in order to preserve tissue for molecular testing. Most SCC feature a molecular 'tobacco-smoke signature' with enrichment in GG > TT mutations, in line with the strong epidemiological association of SCC with smoking. Targetable mutations are extremely rare but they do occur, in particular in younger and non- or light-smoking patients, warranting molecular investigations. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is a poorly differentiated SCC with a syncytial growth pattern and a usually prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and frequent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association. In this review, we describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of SCC and LEC and discuss the most pertinent differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Berezowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Maillard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Keyter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Bisig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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171
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Trono P, Ottavi F, Rosano' L. Novel insights into the role of Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in cancer progression: a new avenue of therapeutic intervention. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:31-39. [PMID: 38081526 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs), including DDR1 and DDR2, are a unique class of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activated by collagens at the cell-matrix boundary interface. The peculiar mode of activation makes DDRs as key cellular sensors of microenvironmental changes, with a critical role in all physiological and pathological processes governed by collagen remodeling. DDRs are widely expressed in fetal and adult tissues, and experimental and clinical evidence has shown that their expression is deregulated in cancer. Strong findings supporting the role of collagens in tumor progression and metastasis have led to renewed interest in DDRs. However, despite an increasing number of studies, DDR biology remains poorly understood, particularly the less studied DDR2, whose involvement in cancer progression mechanisms is undoubted. Thus, the understanding of a wider range of DDR2 functions and related molecular mechanisms is expected. To date, several lines of evidence support DDR2 as a promising target in cancer therapy. Its involvement in key functions in the tumor microenvironment makes DDR2 inhibition particularly attractive to achieve simultaneous targeting of tumor and stromal cells, and tumor regression, which is beneficial for improving the response to different types of anti-cancer therapies, including chemo- and immunotherapy. This review summarizes current research on DDR2, focusing on its role in cancer progression through its involvement in tumor and stromal cell functions, and discusses findings that support the rationale for future development of direct clinical strategies targeting DDR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Trono
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC)-CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo 00015 Rome
| | - Flavia Ottavi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM)-CNR, Via degli Apuli 4, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Laura Rosano'
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM)-CNR, Via degli Apuli 4, Rome 00185, Italy.
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172
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Akinjiyan FA, Ibitoye Z, Zhao P, Shriver LP, Patti GJ, Longmore GD, Fuh KC. DDR2-regulated arginase activity in ovarian cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes collagen production and tumor progression. Oncogene 2024; 43:189-201. [PMID: 37996700 PMCID: PMC10786713 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has poor survival outcomes particularly for advanced stage, metastatic disease. Metastasis is promoted by interactions of stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), with tumor cells. CAFs play a key role in tumor progression by remodeling the TME and extracellular matrix (ECM) to result in a more permissive environment for tumor progression. It has been shown that fibroblasts, in particular myofibroblasts, utilize metabolism to support ECM remodeling. However, the intricate mechanisms by which CAFs support collagen production and tumor progression are poorly understood. In this study, we show that the fibrillar collagen receptor, Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2), promotes collagen production in human and mouse omental CAFs through arginase activity. CAFs with high DDR2 or arginase promote tumor colonization in the omentum. In addition, DDR2-depleted CAFs had decreased ornithine levels leading to decreased collagen production and polyamine levels compared to WT control CAFs. Tumor cell invasion was decreased in the presence CAF conditioned media (CM) depleted of DDR2 or arginase-1, and this invasion defect was rescued in the presence of CM from DDR2-depleted CAFs that constitutively overexpressed arginase-1. Similarly, the addition of exogenous polyamines to CM from DDR2-depleted CAFs led to increased tumor cell invasion. We detected SNAI1 protein at the promoter region of the arginase-1 gene, and DDR2-depleted CAFs had decreased levels of SNAI1 protein at the arginase-1 promoter region. Furthermore, high stromal arginase-1 expression correlated with poor survival in ovarian cancer patients. These findings highlight how DDR2 regulates collagen production by CAFs in the tumor microenvironment by controlling the transcription of arginase-1, and CAFs are a major source of arginase activity and L-arginine metabolites in ovarian cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour A Akinjiyan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zainab Ibitoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peinan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Leah P Shriver
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Katherine C Fuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Varrone M, Tavernari D, Santamaria-Martínez A, Walsh LA, Ciriello G. CellCharter reveals spatial cell niches associated with tissue remodeling and cell plasticity. Nat Genet 2024; 56:74-84. [PMID: 38066188 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are organized in cellular niches, the composition and interactions of which can be investigated using spatial omics technologies. However, systematic analyses of tissue composition are challenged by the scale and diversity of the data. Here we present CellCharter, an algorithmic framework to identify, characterize, and compare cellular niches in spatially resolved datasets. CellCharter outperformed existing approaches and effectively identified cellular niches across datasets generated using different technologies, and comprising hundreds of samples and millions of cells. In multiple human lung cancer cohorts, CellCharter uncovered a cellular niche composed of tumor-associated neutrophil and cancer cells expressing markers of hypoxia and cell migration. This cancer cell state was spatially segregated from more proliferative tumor cell clusters and was associated with tumor-associated neutrophil infiltration and poor prognosis in independent patient cohorts. Overall, CellCharter enables systematic analyses across data types and technologies to decode the link between spatial tissue architectures and cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Varrone
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Tavernari
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Santamaria-Martínez
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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174
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Liu A, Zhang S, Wang M, Zhang L, Xu S, Nasimian A, Li S, Zhao S, Cao X, Tian J, Yu Y, Fan Z, Xiao K, Zhao H, Kazi JU, Ma L, Sun J. DDR1/2 enhance KIT activation and imatinib resistance of primary and secondary KIT mutants in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:75-93. [PMID: 37737519 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are predominantly initiated by KIT mutations. In this study, we observed that discoidin domain receptors 1 and 2 (DDR1 and DDR2) exhibited high expression in GISTs, were associated with KIT, and enhanced the activation of both wild-type KIT and primary KIT mutants. Inhibition of DDR1/2 led to a reduction in the activation of KIT and its downstream signaling molecules, ultimately impairing GIST cell survival and proliferation in vitro. Consequently, treatment of mice carrying germline KIT/V558A mutation with DDR1/2 inhibitor significantly impeded tumor growth, and the combined use of DDR1/2 inhibitor and imatinib, the first-line targeted therapeutic agent for GISTs, markedly enhanced tumor growth suppression. In addition, DDR1/2 inhibition resulted in decreased KIT expression, while KIT inhibition led to upregulation of DDR1/2 expression in GISTs. The presence of DDR1/2 also decreased the sensitivity of wild-type KIT or primary KIT mutants to imatinib, indicating a possible role for DDR1/2 in promoting GIST survival during KIT-targeted therapy. The development of drug-resistant secondary KIT mutations is a primary factor contributing to GIST recurrence following targeted therapy. Similar to primary KIT mutants, DDR1/2 can associate with and enhance the activation of secondary KIT mutants, further diminishing their sensitivity to imatinib. In summary, our data demonstrate that DDR1/2 contribute to KIT activation in GISTs and strengthen resistance to imatinib for both primary and secondary KIT mutants, providing a rationale for further exploration of DDR1/2 targeting in GIST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shaoting Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ming Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liangying Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shidong Xu
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmad Nasimian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shujing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Sien Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xu Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinhai Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Emergency, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Sun M, Lv F, Qin C, Du D, Li W, Liu S. The Potential Mechanism of Liujunzi Decoction in the Treatment of Breast Cancer based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:702-726. [PMID: 38415453 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128289900240219104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liujunzi Decoction (LJZD) is a potential clinical treatment for Breast Cancer (BC), but the active ingredients and mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the target gene of LJZD compatibility and the possible mechanism of action in the treatment of breast cancer by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS Based on TCMSP, ETCM, and BATMAN database searching and screening to obtain the ingredients of LJZD, the related targets were obtained. Breast cancer-related targets were collected through GEO, Geencards, OMIM, and other databases, and drug-disease Venn diagrams were drawn by R. The PPI network map was constructed by using Cytoscape. The intersecting targets were imported into the STRING database, and the core targets were analyzed and screened. The intersected targets were analyzed by the DAVID database for GO and KEGG enrichment. AutoDock Vina and Gromacs were used for molecular docking and simulation of the core targets and active ingredients. RESULTS 126 active ingredients of LJZD were obtained; 241 targets related to breast cancer were sought after screening, and 180 intersection targets were identified through Venn diagram analysis. The core targets were FOS and ESR1. KEGG enrichment analysis mainly involved PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and other signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study has explored the possible targets and signaling pathways of LJZD in treating breast cancer through network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. Molecular docking and simulation have further validated the potential mechanism of action of LJZD in breast cancer treatment, providing essential experimental data for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Feng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Chunmeng Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Songqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
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Kang B, Xiao H, Ackley T, Shao L. Cancer Sample Analysis Utilizing Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Array and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2825:151-171. [PMID: 38913308 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3946-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal microarray, including single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), enables the detection of DNA copy-number loss and/or gain associated with unbalanced chromosomal aberrations. In addition, SNP array and aCGH with SNP component also detect copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH). Here we describe the chromosomal microarray procedure from the sample preparation using extracted DNA to the scanning of the array chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kang
- Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd Ackley
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lina Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Noronha V, Menon NS, Patil VM, Chandrakanth M, More S, Dhanawat A, Chowdhary OR, Singh AC, Goud S, Shah S, Karuvandan N, Jobanputra KN, Shah DK, Shah MJ, Sarma R, Patel D, Joarder R, Kumar P, John A, Kaur J, Bagra S, Purandare N, Janu A, Mahajan A, Prabhash K. A Comparative Study Evaluating the Quality of Life and Survival Outcomes in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy Versus Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in the Third Line and Beyond Setting for Advanced NSCLC. JTO Clin Res Rep 2024; 5:100622. [PMID: 38292414 PMCID: PMC10827558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The outcomes in advanced NSCLC have improved owing to the availability of more effective systemic and improved supportive care. This has increased the number of patients who seek treatment in the third line and beyond setting. We conducted this study to compare the quality of life (QoL), toxicity, and outcomes in patients receiving chemotherapy and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in this setting. Methods In this phase 3, randomized, open-label study, patients with stage III or IV NSCLC with disease progression on at least two prior lines of chemotherapy, with a life expectancy of at least 3 months, without prior EGFR TKI exposure, and stable brain metastases (if any) were included. Patients were randomized to receive chemotherapy (gemcitabine or docetaxel or paclitaxel or vinorelbine) or an EGFR TKI (erlotinib or gefitinib). The primary end point was the change in QoL at 8 to 10 weeks; the secondary outcomes were safety and overall survival (OS). Patients underwent clinical evaluation at every visit, and toxicity was assessed as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03. A radiological tumor response assessment was done every 8 to 12 weeks from the start of therapy. The QoL was assessed using the EORTC QLQ C30 and LC13 questionnaires. The change in QoL scores was calculated as the difference between scores at baseline and scores at 8 to 10 weeks (Δ) for each QoL domain. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mean difference (Δ) for each domain. OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional regression analysis. Results A total of 246 patients were enrolled in the study, with 123 in each arm. There was a male predominance with 69.1% male patients in the chemotherapy arm and 70.7% in the EGFR TKI arm. The median age of patients in the chemotherapy arm was 54 years and 55 years in the chemotherapy and EGFR TKI arms, respectively. There was no significant difference in the change in QoL at baseline and the second visit (Δ) in both arms in all domains of EORTC QLQ C30 except cognitive function (p = 0.0045) and LC13 except alopecia (0.01249). The mean Δ Global Health Status was -28 in the chemotherapy arm and -26.8 in the EGFR TKI arm; this was not statistically significant (p = 0.973). The median follow-up was 88.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.04-137.15). On the intention-to-treat analysis, the median PFS was 3.13 months (95% CI: 2.15-4.11) in the chemotherapy arm and 2.26 months (95% CI: 2.1-2.43) in the EGFR TKI arm, with hazard ratio at 1.074 (95% CI: 0.83-1.38) (p = 0.58). There were 120 deaths in each arm. The median OS was 7.63 months (95% CI: 5.96-9.30) in the chemotherapy arm and 7.5 months in the EGFR TKI arm (95% CI: 5.85-9.14); hazard ratio at 1.033 (95% CI: 0.80-1.33) (p = 0.805). The toxicity profile was similar in both arms except for a significantly higher incidence of fatigue (p = 0.043), peripheral neuropathy (0.000), alopecia, hypokalemia (0.037), and pedal edema (0.007) in the chemotherapy arm and dry skin (p = 0.000) and skin rash (p = 0.019) in the EGFR TKI arm. Conclusions There was no significant difference in most QoL scales (except cognitive function and alopecia), OS, and PFS of patients with advanced NSCLC receiving an EGFR TKI as compared with chemotherapy TKI in the third-line setting. The toxicity profile is consistent with the known toxicities of the agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nandini S. Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Maruti Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - M.V. Chandrakanth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sucheta More
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aditya Dhanawat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Oindrila Roy Chowdhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Supriya Goud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Srushti Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Naveen Karuvandan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Minit Jalan Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rupjyoti Sarma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhwaniben Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ritam Joarder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Anupa John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Saurabh Bagra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilendu Purandare
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Janu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Mahajan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Pandey R, Bisht P, Wal P, Murti K, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. SMAC Mimetics for the Treatment of Lung Carcinoma: Present Development and Future Prospects. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1334-1352. [PMID: 38275029 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575269644231120104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, which originate from lung tissue often lead to lung carcinoma and are more likely due to smoking as well as inhaled environmental toxins. It is widely recognized that tumour cells evade the ability of natural programmed death (apoptosis) and facilitates tumour progression and metastasis. Therefore investigating and targeting the apoptosis pathway is being utilized as one of the best approaches for decades. OBJECTIVE This review describes the emergence of SMAC mimetic drugs as a treatment approach, its possibilities to synergize the response along with current limitations as well as future perspective therapy for lung cancer. METHOD Articles were analysed using search engines and databases namely Pubmed and Scopus. RESULT Under cancerous circumstances, the level of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) gets elevated, which suppresses the pathway of programmed cell death, plus supports the proliferation of lung cancer. As it is a major apoptosis regulator, natural drugs that imitate the IAP antagonistic response like SMAC mimetic agents/Diablo have been identified to trigger cell death. SMAC i.e. second mitochondria activators of caspases is a molecule produced by mitochondria, stimulates apoptosis by neutralizing/inhibiting IAP and prevents its potential responsible for the activation of caspases. Various preclinical data have proven that these agents elicit the death of lung tumour cells. Apart from inducing apoptosis, these also sensitize the cancer cells toward other effective anticancer approaches like chemo, radio, or immunotherapies. There are many SMAC mimetic agents such as birinapant, BV-6, LCL161, and JP 1201, which have been identified for diagnosis as well as treatment purposes in lung cancer and are also under clinical investigation. CONCLUSION SMAC mimetics acts in a restorative way in the prevention of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
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JIA KEGANG, WANG YAWEI, CAO QI, WANG YOUYU. Extensive prediction of drug response in mutation-subtype-specific LUAD with machine learning approach. Oncol Res 2023; 32:409-419. [PMID: 38186568 PMCID: PMC10765129 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.042863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer diagnosis and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Therapeutic failure in lung cancer (LUAD) is heavily influenced by drug resistance. This challenge stems from the diverse cell populations within the tumor, each having unique genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic profiles. Such variations lead to varied therapeutic responses, thereby contributing to tumor relapse and disease progression. Methods The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was used in this investigation to obtain the mRNA expression dataset, genomic mutation profile, and drug sensitivity information of NSCLS. Machine Learning (ML) methods, including Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neurol Network (ANN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were used to predict the response status of each compound based on the mRNA and mutation characteristics determined using statistical methods. The most suitable method for each drug was proposed by comparing the prediction accuracy of different ML methods, and the selected mRNA and mutation characteristics were identified as molecular features for the drug-responsive cancer subtype. Finally, the prognostic influence of molecular features on the mutational subtype of LUAD in publicly available datasets. Results Our analyses yielded 1,564 gene features and 45 mutational features for 46 drugs. Applying the ML approach to predict the drug response for each medication revealed an upstanding performance for SVM in predicting Afuresertib drug response (area under the curve [AUC] 0.875) using CIT, GAS2L3, STAG3L3, ATP2B4-mut, and IL15RA-mut as molecular features. Furthermore, the ANN algorithm using 9 mRNA characteristics demonstrated the highest prediction performance (AUC 0.780) in Gefitinib with CCL23-mut. Conclusion This work extensively investigated the mRNA and mutation signatures associated with drug response in LUAD using a machine-learning approach and proposed a priority algorithm to predict drug response for different drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- KEGANG JIA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - YAWEI WANG
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - QI CAO
- Department of Assisted Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - YOUYU WANG
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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180
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Ye R, Wang A, Bu B, Luo P, Deng W, Zhang X, Yin S. Viral oncogenes, viruses, and cancer: a third-generation sequencing perspective on viral integration into the human genome. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1333812. [PMID: 38188304 PMCID: PMC10768168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1333812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between viruses and cancer has intrigued scientists for decades. Certain viruses have been shown to be vital in the development of various cancers by integrating viral DNA into the host genome and activating viral oncogenes. These viruses include the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B and C Viruses (HBV and HCV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-1), which are all linked to the development of a myriad of human cancers. Third-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized our ability to study viral integration events at unprecedented resolution in recent years. They offer long sequencing capabilities along with the ability to map viral integration sites, assess host gene expression, and track clonal evolution in cancer cells. Recently, researchers have been exploring the application of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) nanopore sequencing and Pacific BioSciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing in cancer research. As viral integration is crucial to the development of cancer via viruses, third-generation sequencing would provide a novel approach to studying the relationship interlinking viral oncogenes, viruses, and cancer. This review article explores the molecular mechanisms underlying viral oncogenesis, the role of viruses in cancer development, and the impact of third-generation sequencing on our understanding of viral integration into the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Ye
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Einstein Pathology Single-cell & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bronx, NY, United States
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Angelina Wang
- Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brady Bu
- Horace Mann School, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Pengxiang Luo
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Einstein Pathology Single-cell & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bronx, NY, United States
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Pandey M, Shah SK, Gromiha MM. Computational approaches for identifying disease-causing mutations in proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 139:141-171. [PMID: 38448134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in genome sequencing have expanded the scope of investigating mutations in proteins across different diseases. Amino acid mutations in a protein alter its structure, stability and function and some of them lead to diseases. Identification of disease-causing mutations is a challenging task and it will be helpful for designing therapeutic strategies. Hence, mutation data available in the literature have been curated and stored in several databases, which have been effectively utilized for developing computational methods to identify deleterious mutations (drivers), using sequence and structure-based properties of proteins. In this chapter, we describe the contents of specific databases that have information on disease-causing and neutral mutations followed by sequence and structure-based properties. Further, characteristic features of disease-causing mutations will be discussed along with computational methods for identifying cancer hotspot residues and disease-causing mutations in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Suraj Kumar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India; International Research Frontiers Initiative, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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Haga Y, Sakamoto Y, Kajiya K, Kawai H, Oka M, Motoi N, Shirasawa M, Yotsukura M, Watanabe SI, Arai M, Zenkoh J, Shiraishi K, Seki M, Kanai A, Shiraishi Y, Yatabe Y, Matsubara D, Suzuki Y, Noguchi M, Kohno T, Suzuki A. Whole-genome sequencing reveals the molecular implications of the stepwise progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8375. [PMID: 38102134 PMCID: PMC10724178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the development of tumors, particularly at early stages, still remains mostly elusive. Here, we report whole-genome long and short read sequencing analysis of 76 lung cancers, focusing on very early-stage lung adenocarcinomas such as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. The obtained data is further integrated with bulk and spatial transcriptomic data and epigenomic data. These analyses reveal key events in lung carcinogenesis. Minimal somatic mutations in pivotal driver mutations and essential proliferative factors are the only detectable somatic mutations in the very early-stage of AIS. These initial events are followed by copy number changes and global DNA hypomethylation. Particularly, drastic changes are initiated at the later AIS stage, i.e., in Noguchi type B tumors, wherein cancer cells are exposed to the surrounding microenvironment. This study sheds light on the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma from integrated pathological and molecular viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Haga
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakamoto
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Keiko Kajiya
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kawai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miho Oka
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoi
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina, Kita-Adachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirasawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaya Yotsukura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Miyuki Arai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Junko Zenkoh
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Clinical Cancer Research Division, Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1370-1 Okamoto, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8533, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
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Ghosh I, Dey Ghosh R, Mukhopadhyay S. Identification of genes associated with gall bladder cell carcinogenesis: Implications in targeted therapy of gall bladder cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:2053-2063. [PMID: 38173427 PMCID: PMC10758643 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i12.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is becoming a very devastating form of hepatobiliary cancer in India. Every year new cases of GBC are quite high in India. Despite recent advanced multimodality treatment options, the survival of GBC patients is very low. If the disease is diagnosed at the advanced stage (with local nodal metastasis or distant metastasis) or surgical resection is inoperable, the prognosis of those patients is very poor. So, perspectives of targeted therapy are being taken. Targeted therapy includes hormone therapy, proteasome inhibitors, signal transduction and apoptosis inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, and immunotherapeutic agents. One such signal transduction inhibitor is the specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA). For developing siRNA-mediated therapy shRNA, although several preclinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of these key molecules have been performed using gall bladder cells, many more clinical trials are required. To date, many such genes have been identified. This review will discuss the recently identified genes associated with GBC and those that have implications in its treatment by siRNA or shRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata 700094, India
| | - Ruma Dey Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata 700094, India
| | - Soma Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, Kolkata 700094, India
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184
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Kim Y, Jang E, Hyun Shin J, Kim M, Choi D, Chung H. Identification of gallbladder cancer by direct near-infrared measurement of deuterated chloroform-extracted organic phase from human bile. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123139. [PMID: 37463552 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic scheme enabling direct measurement of organic phase extracted from human bile with no spectral interference from the extraction solvent was demonstrated for identification of gallbladder (GB) cancer. This scheme is used to recognize the different lipid contents in bile samples from GB cancer patients using NIR spectroscopy for disease identification. To this end, the extraction solvent should provide an absorption-free NIR region to observe peaks of related metabolite. For this purpose, deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) is uniquely suited as an extraction medium because it has few absorption peaks in the 4380-4100 cm-1 range, where intense peaks for lipids and cholesterol are located. This exploratory study used 37 bile samples (obtained from five normal subjects and nine GB polyp, 11 gallstone, six hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and six GB cancer patients). The transmission NIR spectra of the organic phases extracted using CDCl3 in a commercial glass vial were directly measured. The peak intensities of the GB cancer samples were lower than those of the other samples, and the differences were statistically significant, with a confidence interval greater than 99.0%. The lower lipid and cholesterol contents in the organic phases of the GB cancer samples were effectively identified in the corresponding NIR spectra. Therefore, the proposed NIR scheme is simpler and faster than the previous infrared (IR) measurement approach that requires solvent drying to highlight the buried metabolite peaks under a solvent absorption band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Shin
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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185
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Kwon J, Zhang J, Mok B, Allsup S, Kim C, Toretsky J, Han C. USP13 drives lung squamous cell carcinoma by switching lung club cell lineage plasticity. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:204. [PMID: 38093367 PMCID: PMC10717271 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with high mortality and limited targeted therapies. USP13 is one of the most amplified genes in LUSC, yet its role in lung cancer is largely unknown. Here, we established a novel mouse model of LUSC by overexpressing USP13 on KrasG12D/+; Trp53flox/flox background (KPU). KPU-driven lung squamous tumors faithfully recapitulate key pathohistological, molecular features, and cellular pathways of human LUSC. We found that USP13 altered lineage-determining factors such as NKX2-1 and SOX2 in club cells of the airway and reinforced the fate of club cells to squamous carcinoma development. We showed a strong molecular association between USP13 and c-MYC, leading to the upregulation of squamous programs in murine and human lung cancer cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that USP13 is a molecular driver of lineage plasticity in club cells and provide mechanistic insight that may have potential implications for the treatment of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntae Kwon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C, USA
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C, USA
| | - Boram Mok
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C, USA
| | - Samuel Allsup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C, USA
| | - Chul Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C, USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington D.C, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington D.C, USA
| | - Jeffrey Toretsky
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington D.C, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington D.C, USA
| | - Cecil Han
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington D.C, USA.
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington D.C, USA.
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186
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Yoo W, Song YW, Kim J, Ahn J, Kim J, Shin Y, Ryu JK, Kim KK. Molecular basis for SOX2-dependent regulation of super-enhancer activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11999-12019. [PMID: 37930832 PMCID: PMC10711550 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors (TFs) like SOX2 are vital for stemness and cancer through enhancing gene expression within transcriptional condensates formed with coactivators, RNAs and mediators on super-enhancers (SEs). Despite their importance, how these factors work together for transcriptional condensation and activation remains unclear. SOX2, a pioneer TF found in SEs of pluripotent and cancer stem cells, initiates SE-mediated transcription by binding to nucleosomes, though the mechanism isn't fully understood. To address SOX2's role in SEs, we identified mSE078 as a model SOX2-enriched SE and p300 as a coactivator through bioinformatic analysis. In vitro and cell assays showed SOX2 forms condensates with p300 and SOX2-binding motifs in mSE078. We further proved that SOX2 condensation is highly correlated with mSE078's enhancer activity in cells. Moreover, we successfully demonstrated that p300 not only elevated transcriptional activity but also triggered chromatin acetylation via its direct interaction with SOX2 within these transcriptional condensates. Finally, our validation of SOX2-enriched SEs showcased their contribution to target gene expression in both stem cells and cancer cells. In its entirety, this study imparts valuable mechanistic insights into the collaborative interplay of SOX2 and its coactivator p300, shedding light on the regulation of transcriptional condensation and activation within SOX2-enriched SEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanki Yoo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Wei Song
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdae Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyung Ryu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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187
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Obreque J, Vergara-Gómez L, Venegas N, Weber H, Owen GI, Pérez-Moreno P, Leal P, Roa JC, Bizama C. Advances towards the use of gastrointestinal tumor patient-derived organoids as a therapeutic decision-making tool. Biol Res 2023; 56:63. [PMID: 38041132 PMCID: PMC10693174 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2022 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) removed the requirement that drugs in development must undergo animal testing before clinical evaluation, a declaration that now demands the establishment and verification of ex vivo preclinical models that closely represent tumor complexity and that can predict therapeutic response. Fortunately, the emergence of patient-derived organoid (PDOs) culture has enabled the ex vivo mimicking of the pathophysiology of human tumors with the reassembly of tissue-specific features. These features include histopathological variability, molecular expression profiles, genetic and cellular heterogeneity of parental tissue, and furthermore growing evidence suggests the ability to predict patient therapeutic response. Concentrating on the highly lethal and heterogeneous gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, herein we present the state-of-the-art and the current methodology of PDOs. We highlight the potential additions, improvements and testing required to allow the ex vivo of study the tumor microenvironment, as well as offering commentary on the predictive value of clinical response to treatments such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Obreque
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolás Venegas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Pérez-Moreno
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Biomedicine and Translational Research Lab, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Office 526, 8330024, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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188
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Baranov E, Nowak JA. Pathologic Evaluation of Therapeutic Biomarkers in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:635-650. [PMID: 37863556 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular testing is an essential component of the pathologic evaluation of colorectal carcinoma providing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive therapeutic information. Mismatch repair status evaluation is required for all tumors. Advanced and metastatic tumors also require determination of tumor mutational burden, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutation status, ERBB2 amplification status, and NTRK and RET gene rearrangement status to guide therapy. Multiple assays, including immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability testing, MLH1 promoter methylation, and next-generation sequencing, are typically needed. Pathologists must be aware of these requirements to optimally triage tissue. Advances in colorectal cancer molecular diagnostics will continue to drive refinements in colorectal cancer personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Baranov
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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189
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Nützinger J, Bum Lee J, Li Low J, Ling Chia P, Talisa Wijaya S, Chul Cho B, Min Lim S, Soo RA. Management of HER2 alterations in non-small cell lung cancer - The past, present, and future. Lung Cancer 2023; 186:107385. [PMID: 37813015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
HER2 mutations, which account for 2-4% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are distinct molecular alterations identified via next generation sequencing (NGS). Previously, treatment outcomes in HER2-mutant metastatic NSCLC were dismal, showing limited clinical benefit with platinum-based chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy. In contrast to HER2-altered breast and gastric cancer, HER2-mutant NSCLC does not benefit from HER2 targeting agents such as trastuzumab or TDM1. HER2 mutations are also inherently different from HER2 overexpression and amplification. Currently, trastuzumab deruxtecan, a HER2 targeting antibody drug conjugate (ADC) is the first and only approved treatment option for patients with HER2-mutant metastatic NSCLC after failure with standard treatment. In this review, we summarized the biology of HER2 and detection of HER2 overexpression, amplification and mutations, as well as general landscape of landmark and ongoing clinical trials encompassing from chemotherapy to targeted agents, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), ADCs and investigational agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorn Nützinger
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jia Li Low
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Puey Ling Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.
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190
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Towery EA, Papke DJ. Emerging mesenchymal tumour types and biases in the era of ubiquitous sequencing. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:802-812. [PMID: 37550012 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
New tumour types are being described at increasing frequency, and most new tumour types are now identified via retrospective review of next-generation sequencing data. This contrasts with the traditional, morphology-based method of identifying new tumour types, and while the sequencing-based approach has accelerated progress in the field, it has also introduced novel and under-recognised biases. Here, we discuss tumour types identified based on morphology, including superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumour, pseudoendocrine sarcoma and cutaneous clear cell tumour with melanocytic differentiation and ACTIN::MITF fusion. We also describe tumour types identified primarily by next-generation sequencing, including epithelioid and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma, round cell neoplasms with EWSR1::PATZ1 fusion, cutaneous melanocytic tumour with CRTC1::TRIM11 fusion, clear cell tumour with melanocytic differentiation and MITF::CREM fusion and GLI1-altered mesenchymal neoplasms, including nested glomoid neoplasm.
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191
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Dehem A, Mazieres J, Chour A, Guisier F, Ferreira M, Boussageon M, Girard N, Moro-Sibilot D, Cadranel J, Zalcman G, Ricordel C, Wislez M, Munck C, Poulet C, Gauvain C, Descarpentries C, Wasielewski E, Cortot AB, Baldacci S. Characterization of 164 patients with NRAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2023; 186:107393. [PMID: 37839252 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NRAS mutations are observed in less than 1% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical data regarding this rare subset of lung cancer are scarce and response to systemic treatment such as chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has never been reported. METHODS All consecutive patients with an NRAS mutated NSCLC, diagnosed between August 2014 and November 2020 in 14 French centers, were included. Clinical and molecular data were collected and reviewed from medical records. RESULTS Out of the 164 included patients, 106 (64.6%) were men, 150 (91.5%) were current or former smokers, and 104 (63.4%) had stage IV NSCLC at diagnosis. The median age was 62 years, and the most frequent histology was adenocarcinoma (81.7%). NRAS activating mutations were mostly found in codon 61 (70%), while codon 12 and 13 alterations were observed in 16.5% and 4.9% of patients, respectively. Programmed death ligand-1 expression level <1%/1-49%/≥50% were respectively found in 30.8%/27.1%/42.1% of tumors. With a median follow-up of 12.5 months, median overall survival (OS) of stage IV patients was 15.3 months (95% CI 9.9-27.6). No significant difference in OS was found according to the type of mutation (codon 61 vs. other), HR = 1.12 (95% CI 0.65-1.95). Among stage IV patients treated with platinum-based doublet (n = 66), ICI (n = 48), or combination of both (n = 10), objective response rate, and median progression free survival were respectively 45% and 5.8 months, 35% and 6.9 months, 70% and 8.6 months. CONCLUSION NRAS mutated NSCLC are characterized by a high frequency of smoking history and codon 61 mutations. Further studies are needed to confirm the encouraging outcome of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Dehem
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Thoracic Oncology Department, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Mazieres
- Thoracic Oncology, Respiratory Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - Hôpital Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | - Ali Chour
- Respiratory Department, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon Cancer Institute, Lyon, France; Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florian Guisier
- Department of Pneumology, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle - CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Ferreira
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Functional Exploration, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Girard
- Thorax Institute, Institut Curie, Paris, France and Paris Saclay, UVSQ, UFR Simone Veil, Versailles, France
| | | | - Jacques Cadranel
- Pneumology and Thoracic Oncology department, APHP Paris - Hôpital Tenon and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Université Paris Cité, Institut du Cancer AP-HP.Nord, Thoracic Oncology Department, CIC INSERM 1425, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Wislez
- Oncology Thoracic Unit Pulmonology Department, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Camille Munck
- Pneumologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Claire Poulet
- Pneumology department, CHU Amiens-Picardie - Site Sud, Amiens, France
| | - Clément Gauvain
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Thoracic Oncology Department, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clotilde Descarpentries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology « Hormonology Metabolism Nutrition Oncology », CHU lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Wasielewski
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Thoracic Oncology Department, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexis B Cortot
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Thoracic Oncology Department, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Simon Baldacci
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Thoracic Oncology Department, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther, F-59000 Lille, France.
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192
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Doghish AS, El-Husseiny AA, Khidr EG, Elrebehy MA, Elballal MS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Abdel Mageed SS, Zaki MB, Mohammed OA, Khaled R, El-Dakroury WA, Noureldin S, Moustafa YM, Mangoura SA, Gedawy EM, Abulsoud AI. Decoding the role of miRNAs in oral cancer pathogenesis: A focus on signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 252:154949. [PMID: 37992507 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is the predominant type originating in the head and neck region. The incidence of OC is mostly associated with behavioral risk factors, including tobacco smoking and excessive alcohol intake. Additionally, there is a lower but still significant association with viral infections such as human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr viruses. Furthermore, it has been observed that heritable genetic variables are linked to the risk of OC, in addition to the previously mentioned acquired risk factors. The current absence of biomarkers for OC diagnosis contributes to the frequent occurrence of advanced-stage diagnoses among patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have been observed to exert a significant effect on the transcriptional control of target genes involved in cancer, either through direct or indirect mechanisms. miRNAs are a class of short ncRNAs that play a role in regulating gene expression by enabling mRNA degradation or translational repression at the post-transcriptional phase. miRNAs are known to play a fundamental role in the development of cancer and the regulation of oncogenic cell processes. Notch signaling, PTEN/Akt/mTOR axis, KRAS mutation, JAK/STAT signaling, P53, EGFR, and the VEGFs have all been linked to OC, and miRNAs have been shown to have a role in all of these. The dysregulation of miRNA has been identified in cases of OC and is linked with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Khaled
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Salma Noureldin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Safwat Abdelhady Mangoura
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ehab M Gedawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, P.O. Box 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
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Hu H, Yan T, Zhu H, Zhan W, Zhang J, Wang S, Jiang L, Escobar D, Zhang T. A novel immune checkpoint-related signature for prognosis and immune analysis in breast cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5139-5159. [PMID: 37930605 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevailing forms of cancer globally. Immunotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in improving the overall survival of breast cancer. The aim of us was to formulate a novel signature predicated on immune checkpoint-related genes (ICGs) that could anticipate the prognosis and further analyze the immune status of patients with breast cancer. After acquiring data, we pinpointed the definitive ICGs for constructing the prognostic model of breast cancer. We constructed a novel prognostic model and created a fresh risk score called Immune Checkpoint-related Risk Score in breast cancer (ICRSBC). The nomogram was constructed to evaluate the accuracy of the model, and the new web-based tool was created to be more intuitive for predicting prognosis. We also investigated immunotherapy responsiveness and analyzed the tumor mutational burden (TMB) in ICRSBC subgroups. The ICRSBC was found to have significant correlations with the immune environment, immunotherapy responsiveness, and TMB. The expression levels of the 9 ICGs that construct the prognostic model and their promoter methylation levels are significantly different between breast cancer and normal tissues. Furthermore, the mutation profiles, the copy number alterations, and the levels of protein expression also exhibit marked disparities among the 9 ICGs. We have identified and validated a novel signature related to ICGs that is strongly associated with breast cancer progression. This signature enables us to create a risk score for prognosticating the survival and assessing the immune status of individuals affected by breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendi Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David Escobar
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Taolan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Ma M, Guo B, Lu H, Hong L. SCN4B inhibits the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with better prognosis. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023; 17:1233-1245. [PMID: 37826914 PMCID: PMC10730470 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major type of non-small cell lung cancer with low a survival rate caused by metastasis. SCN4B encoding voltage-gated sodium channel β subunit is regarded as a metastasis-suppressor gene. We aim to explore how SCN4B influences the progression and prognosis of LUAD. METHODS The gene expression profiles of 585 LUAD samples in TCGA and GSE31210, GSE116959, and GSE72094 datasets from the GEO database were downloaded for analysis. Differentially expressed genes were obtained through the "limma" package. The "clusterProfiler" package was used to conduct GSEA. Survival analysis was conducted via "survival" and "survminer" packages. Transcription factors regulating SCN4B expression were screened by correlation analysis and further predicted by FIMO. Infiltration of immune cells was analyzed by CIBERSORT. ESTIMATE algorithm was used to evaluate the immune-related scores. RESULTS SCN4B expressed higher in normal samples than in LUAD samples and higher in female samples than male samples. One hundred and twenty-six pathways were significantly enriched between high and low SCN4B expression groups. Six transcription factors' expressions were positively related to SCN4B expression, and ChIP-seq data from "Cistrome" verified that TAL1 and ERG might bind to the upstream sequence of SCN4B. SCN4B expression was significantly correlated with activated memory CD4 T cells, resting mast cells, and monocytes. TMB status, three scores based on ESTIMATE algorithm, and expression of three immune checkpoints showed significant differences between SCN4B high- and low-expression groups. SCN4B could be considered as an independent prognostic signature of LUAD patients that higher expression represents a better prognosis. CONCLUSION SCN4B expresses higher in normal samples, and SCN4B is able to be an independent prognostic signature for LUAD patients. TAL1 and ERG may regulate the expression of SCN4B by binding its upstream sequences. Our research is valuable in improving the effectiveness of treatment in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minting Ma
- Department of OncologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of OncologyThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina
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195
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Patel S, Patel JD. Current and Emerging Treatment Options for Patients with Metastatic EGFR-Mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Progression on Osimertinib and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: A Podcast Discussion. Adv Ther 2023; 40:5579-5590. [PMID: 37801233 PMCID: PMC10611612 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are widely treated with osimertinib, the preferred first-line treatment option. However, disease progression inevitably occurs, driven by EGFR-dependent or EGFR-independent mechanisms of resistance. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the recommended treatment following progression with osimertinib but responses to platinum-based chemotherapy are transient. Salvage therapies, which are used after progression on platinum-based chemotherapy, have poor clinical outcomes in addition to substantial toxicity. In this podcast, we discuss the current treatment landscape and emerging therapeutic options for patients with metastatic EGFR-mutated NSCLC whose disease has progressed following treatment with osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy.Podcast audio available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patel
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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196
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Sahu H, Patil VM, Menon N, Singh AK, Biswas S, Janu A, Chakraborty N, Prabhash K, Noronha V. Infections in Patients with Advanced-stage Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-mutant Lung Cancer - a Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomised Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:811-812. [PMID: 37838606 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sahu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Janu
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Liu SX, Wang C, Lin RB, Ding WY, Roy G, Wang HB, Yang T, Liu Q, Luo YL, Jin SL, Zeng MS, Zhao B, Zhong Q. Super-enhancer driven SOX2 promotes tumor formation by chromatin re-organization in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104870. [PMID: 37967508 PMCID: PMC10679863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant head and neck cancer with a high incidence in Southern China and Southeast Asia. Patients with remote metastasis and recurrent NPC have poor prognosis. Thus, a better understanding of NPC pathogenesis may identify novel therapies to address the unmet clinical needs. METHODS H3K27ac ChIP-seq and HiChIP was applied to understand the enhancer landscapes and the chromosome interactions. Whole genome sequencing was conducted to analyze the relationship between genomic variations and epigenetic dysregulation. CRISPRi and JQ1 treatment were used to evaluate the transcriptional regulation of SOX2 SEs. Colony formation assay, survival analysis and in vivo subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft assays were applied to explore the function and clinical relevance of SOX2 in NPC. FINDINGS We globally mapped the enhancer landscapes and generated NPC enhancer connectomes, linking NPC specific enhancers and SEs. We found five overlapped genes, including SOX2, among super-enhancer regulated genes, survival related genes and NPC essential genes. The mRNA expression of SOX2 was repressed when applying CRISPRi targeting different SOX2 SEs or JQ1 treatment. Next, we identified a genetic variation (Chr3:181422197, G > A) in SOX2 SE which is correlated with higher expression of SOX2 and poor survival. In addition, SOX2 was highly expressed in NPC and is correlated with short survival in patients with NPC. Knock-down of SOX2 suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrated the super-enhancer landscape with chromosome interactions and identified super-enhancer driven SOX2 promotes tumorigenesis, suggesting that SOX2 is a potential therapeutic target for patients with NPC. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Chong Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ruo-Bin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Wei-Yue Ding
- School of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Gaurab Roy
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Ling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Shui-Lin Jin
- School of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China.
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Li C, Shao J, Li P, Feng J, Li J, Wang C. Circulating tumor DNA as liquid biopsy in lung cancer: Biological characteristics and clinical integration. Cancer Lett 2023; 577:216365. [PMID: 37634743 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer maintains high morbidity and mortality rate globally despite significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine. Pathological analysis of tumor tissue, the current gold standard for lung cancer diagnosis, is intrusive and intrinsically confined to evaluating the limited amount of tissues that could be physically extracted. However, tissue biopsy has several limitations, including the invasiveness of the procedure and difficulty in obtaining samples for patients at advanced stages., there Additionally,has been no major breakthrough in tumor biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, particularly for early-stage lung cancer. Liquid biopsy has been considered a feasible auxiliary tool for tearly dianosis, evaluating treatment responses and monitoring prognosis of lung cancer. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), an ideal biomarker of liquid biopsy, has emerged as one of the most reliable tools for monitoring tumor processes at molecular levels. Herein, this review focuses on tumor heterogeneity to elucidate the superiority of liquid biopsy and retrospectively discussdeciphersolution. We systematically elaborate ctDNA biological characteristics, introduce methods for ctDNA detection, and discuss the current role of plasma ctDNA in lung cancer management. Finally, we summarize the drawbacks of ctDNA analysis and highlight its potential clinical application in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaming Feng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Chaudhary P, Xu X, Wang G, Hoj JP, Rampersad RR, Asselin-Labat ML, Ting S, Kim W, Tamayo P, Pendergast AM, Onaitis MW. Activation of KrasG12D in Subset of Alveolar Type II Cells Enhances Cellular Plasticity in Lung Adenocarcinoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2400-2411. [PMID: 37882674 PMCID: PMC10668634 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We have previously identified alveolar type II cell as the cell-of-origin of KrasG12D-induced lung adenocarcinoma using cell lineage-specific inducible Cre mouse models. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function genetic models, we discovered that active Notch signaling and low Sox2 levels dictate the ability of type II cells to proliferate and progress into lung adenocarcinoma upon KrasG12D activation. Here, we examine the phenotype of type II cells after Kras activation and find evidence for proliferation of cells that coexpress type I and type II markers. Three-dimensional organoid culture and transplantation studies determine that these dual-positive cells are highly plastic and tumor initiating in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis reveals that these dual-positive cells are enriched in Ras/MAPK, EGFR, and Notch pathways. Furthermore, the proliferation of these cells requires active Notch signaling and is inhibited by genetic/chemical Sox2 upregulation. Our findings could provide new therapeutic strategies to target KRAS-activated lung adenocarcinomas. SIGNIFICANCE Identification of progenitor like tumor-initiating cells in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma may allow development of novel targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chaudhary
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Surgery, Duke Medicine, Durham, North California
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, North California
| | - Guangfang Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jacob P. Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, North California
| | | | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Stephanie Ting
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - William Kim
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, North California
| | - Mark W. Onaitis
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, Duke Medicine, Durham, North California
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Planchard D, Jänne PA, Cheng Y, Yang JCH, Yanagitani N, Kim SW, Sugawara S, Yu Y, Fan Y, Geater SL, Laktionov K, Lee CK, Valdiviezo N, Ahmed S, Maurel JM, Andrasina I, Goldman J, Ghiorghiu D, Rukazenkov Y, Todd A, Kobayashi K. Osimertinib with or without Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutated Advanced NSCLC. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1935-1948. [PMID: 37937763 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2306434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that is selective for EGFR-TKI-sensitizing and EGFR T790M resistance mutations. Evidence suggests that the addition of chemotherapy may extend the benefits of EGFR-TKI therapy. METHODS In this phase 3, international, open-label trial, we randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio patients with EGFR-mutated (exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation) advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had not previously received treatment for advanced disease to receive osimertinib (80 mg once daily) with chemotherapy (pemetrexed [500 mg per square meter of body-surface area] plus either cisplatin [75 mg per square meter] or carboplatin [pharmacologically guided dose]) or to receive osimertinib monotherapy (80 mg once daily). The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival. Response and safety were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 557 patients underwent randomization. Investigator-assessed progression-free survival was significantly longer in the osimertinib-chemotherapy group than in the osimertinib group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.79; P<0.001). At 24 months, 57% (95% CI, 50 to 63) of the patients in the osimertinib-chemotherapy group and 41% (95% CI, 35 to 47) of those in the osimertinib group were alive and progression-free. Progression-free survival as assessed according to blinded independent central review was consistent with the primary analysis (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.80). An objective (complete or partial) response was observed in 83% of the patients in the osimertinib-chemotherapy group and in 76% of those in the osimertinib group; the median response duration was 24.0 months (95% CI, 20.9 to 27.8) and 15.3 months (95% CI, 12.7 to 19.4), respectively. The incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse events from any cause was higher with the combination than with monotherapy - a finding driven by known chemotherapy-related adverse events. The safety profile of osimertinib plus pemetrexed and a platinum-based agent was consistent with the established profiles of the individual agents. CONCLUSIONS First-line treatment with osimertinib-chemotherapy led to significantly longer progression-free survival than osimertinib monotherapy among patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC. (Funded by AstraZeneca; FLAURA2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04035486.).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Planchard
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Ying Cheng
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - James C-H Yang
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Sang-We Kim
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Shunichi Sugawara
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Yan Yu
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Yun Fan
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Sarayut L Geater
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Konstantin Laktionov
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Chee K Lee
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Natalia Valdiviezo
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Samreen Ahmed
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Jean-Marc Maurel
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Igor Andrasina
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Goldman
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Dana Ghiorghiu
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Yuri Rukazenkov
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Alex Todd
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
| | - Kunihiko Kobayashi
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers, Villejuif, and the Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Paris - both in France (D.P.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (P.A.J.); the Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun (Y.C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin (Y.Y.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou (Y.F.) - all in China; the Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei (J.C.-H.Y.); the Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo (N.Y.), the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai (S.S.), and the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka (K.K.) - all in Japan; the Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (S.-W.K.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand (S.L.G.); the Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (K.L.); the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia (C.K.L.); the Department of Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Surquillo, Peru (N.V.); the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester (S.A.), and Oncology Research and Development (D.G., Y.R.) and Oncology Biometrics (A.T.), AstraZeneca, Cambridge - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Oncology, Rondebosch Oncology Centre, Cape Town, South Africa (J.-M.M.); the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Východoslovenský Onkologický Ústav, Košice, Slovakia (I.A.); and the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G.)
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