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Deficiency of Senescence Marker Protein 30 Exacerbates Cardiac Injury after Ischemia/Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:542. [PMID: 27077846 PMCID: PMC4848998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early myocardial reperfusion is an effective therapy but ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes lethal myocardial injury. The aging heart was reported to show greater cardiac damage after I/R injury than that observed in young hearts. Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30), whose expression decreases with age, plays a role in reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, the impact of SMP30 on myocardial I/R injury remains to be determined. In this study, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by reperfusion in wild-type (WT) and SMP30 knockout (KO) mice. After I/R, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the ratio of infarct area/area at risk were higher, left ventricular fractional shortening was lower, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was enhanced in SMP30 KO mice. Moreover, the previously increased phosphorylation of GSK-3β and Akt was lower in SMP30 KO mice than in WT mice. In cardiomyocytes, silencing of SMP30 expression attenuated Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation, and increased Bax to Bcl-2 ratio and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. These results suggested that SMP30 deficiency augments myocardial I/R injury through ROS generation and attenuation of Akt activation.
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202
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Zhou Y, Ning Z, Lee Y, Hambly BD, McLachlan CS. Shortened leukocyte telomere length in type 2 diabetes mellitus: genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and telomeric pathways. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:8. [PMID: 26951191 PMCID: PMC4781821 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current debate in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has focused on shortened leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as the result of a number of possible causes, including polymorphisms in mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) leading to oxidative stress, telomere regulatory pathway gene polymorphisms, or as a direct result of associated cardiovascular complications inducing tissue organ inflammation and oxidative stress. There is evidence that a heritable shorter telomere trait is a risk factor for development of T2DM. This review discusses the contribution and balance of genetic regulation of UCPs and telomere pathways in the context of T2DM. We discuss genotypes that are well known to influence the shortening of LTL, in particular OBFC1 and telomerase genotypes such as TERC. Interestingly, the interaction between short telomeres and T2DM risk appears to involve mitochondrial dysfunction as an intermediate process. A hypothesis is presented that genetic heterogeneity within UCPs may directly affect oxidative stress that feeds back to influence the fine balance of telomere regulation, cell cycle regulation and diabetes risk and/or metabolic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhixin Ning
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Yvonne Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, Level 3, Room 327, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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203
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Kallianpur KJ, Gerschenson M, Mitchell BI, LiButti DE, Umaki TM, Ndhlovu LC, Nakamoto BK, Chow DC, Shikuma CM. Oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with reduced volumes of hippocampus and subcortical gray matter in chronically HIV-infected patients. Mitochondrion 2016; 28:8-15. [PMID: 26923169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional relationships were examined between regional brain volumes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 47 HIV patients [mean age 51years; 81% with HIV RNA ≤50copies/mL] on combination antiretroviral therapy. The gene-specific DNA damage and repair assay measured mtDNA 8-oxo-dG break frequency. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3T. Higher mtDNA 8-oxo-dG was associated with lateral ventricular enlargement and with decreased volumes of hippocampus, pallidum, and total subcortical gray matter, suggesting the involvement of systemic mitochondrial-specific oxidative stress in chronic HIV-related structural brain changes and cognitive difficulties. Clarification of the mechanism may provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana J Kallianpur
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States.
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States
| | - Brooks I Mitchell
- Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States
| | - Daniel E LiButti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States
| | - Tracie M Umaki
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States; Department of Tropical Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States
| | - Beau K Nakamoto
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States; Straub Clinics and Hospital, Honolulu HI 96813, United States
| | - Dominic C Chow
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States
| | - Cecilia M Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu HI 96813, United States
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204
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Stary V, Puppala D, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Dillmann WH, Armoundas AA. SERCA2a upregulation ameliorates cellular alternans induced by metabolic inhibition. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:865-75. [PMID: 26846549 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00588.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac alternans has been associated with the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of impaired mitochondrial function in the genesis of cellular alternans and to examine whether modulating the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)ameliorates the level of alternans. Cardiomyocytes isolated from control and doxycyline-induced sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a)-upregulated mice were loaded with two different Ca(2+)indicators to selectively measure mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca(2+)using a custom-made fluorescence photometry system. The degree of alternans was defined as the alternans ratio (AR) [1 - (small Ca(2+)intensity)/(large Ca(2+)intensity)]. Blocking of complex I and II, cytochrome-coxidase, F0F1synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase of the electron transport chain, increased alternans in both control and SERCA2a mice (P< 0.01). Changes in AR in SERCA2a-upregulated mice were significantly less pronounced than those observed in control in seven of nine tested conditions (P< 0.04).N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), rescued alternans in myocytes that were previously exposed to an oxidizing agent (P< 0.001). CGP, an antagonist of the mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+)exchanger, had the most severe effect on AR. Exposure to cyclosporin A, a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore reduced CGP-induced alternans (P< 0.0001). The major findings of this study are that impairment of mitochondrial Ca(2+)cycling and energy production leads to a higher amplitude of alternans in both control and SERCA2a-upregulated mice, but changes in SERCA2a-upregulated mice are less severe, indicating that SERCA2a mice are more capable of sustaining electrical stability during stress. This suggests a relationship between sarcoplasmic Ca(2+)content and mitochondrial dysfunction during alternans, which may potentially help to understand changes in Ca(2+)signaling in myocytes from diseased hearts, leading to new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stary
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Dheeraj Puppala
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Antonis A Armoundas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
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205
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González Arbeláez LF, Ciocci Pardo A, Fantinelli JC, Mosca SM. Cyclosporine-A mimicked the ischemic pre- and postconditioning-mediated cardioprotection in hypertensive rats: Role of PKCε. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 100:266-75. [PMID: 26844384 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the action of cyclosporine-A (CsA) against reperfusion injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to the effects of ischemic pre- (IP) and postconditioning (IPC), examining the role played by PKCε. Isolated hearts were submitted to the following protocols: IC: 45 min global ischemia (GI) and 1h reperfusion (R); IP: a cycle of 5 min GI and 10 min of R prior to 45 min-GI; and IPC: three cycles of 30s-GI/30s-R at the start of R. Other hearts of the IC, IP and IPC groups received CsA (mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor) or chelerythrine (Che, non-selective PKC inhibitor). Infarct size (IS) was assessed. TBARS and reduced glutathione (GSH) content - as parameters of oxidative damage, the expression of P-Akt, P-GSK-3β, P-PKCε and cytochrome c (Cyc) release - as an index of mitochondrial permeability and the response of isolated mitochondria to Ca(2+) were also measured. IS similarly decreased in preconditioned, postconditioned and CsA treated heart showing the highest values in the combinations IP+CsA and IPC+CsA. TBARS decreased and GSH was partially preserved after all interventions. The content of P-Akt, P-GSK-3β and P-PKCε increased in cytosol and decreased in mitochondria after IP and IPC. In CsA treated hearts these enzymes increased in both fractions reaching the highest values. Cyc release was attenuated and the response of mitochondria to Ca(2+) was improved by the interventions. The beneficial effects of IP and IPC were annulled when PKC was inhibited with Che. A PKCε/VDAC association was also detected. These data show that, in SHR, the CsA treatment mimicked and reinforced the cardioprotective action afforded by IP and IPC in which PKCε-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial permeability appears as the main mechanism involved.
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206
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Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q. Activation of mitochondrial calpain and increased cardiac injury: beyond AIF release. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H376-84. [PMID: 26637561 PMCID: PMC4796621 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00748.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 1 (CPN1) is a ubiquitous cysteine protease that exists in both cytosol and cardiac mitochondria. Mitochondrial CPN1 (mit-CPN1) is located in the intermembrane space and matrix. Activation of mit-CPN1 within the intermembrane space increases cardiac injury by releasing apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria during ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We asked if activation of mit-CPN1 is involved in mitochondrial injury during IR. MDL-28170 (MDL) was used to inhibit CPN1 in buffer-perfused hearts following 25-min ischemia and 30-min reperfusion. MDL treatment decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase into coronary effluent compared with untreated hearts, indicating that inhibition of CPN1 decreases cardiac injury. MDL also prevented the cleavage of spectrin (a substrate of CPN1) in cytosol during IR, supporting that MDL treatment decreased cytosolic calpain activation. In addition, MDL markedly improved calcium retention capacity compared with untreated heart, suggesting that MDL treatment decreases mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In addition, we found that IR led to decreased complex I activity, whereas inhibition of mit-CPN1 using MDL protected complex I. Pyruvate dehydrogenase content was decreased following IR. However, pyruvate dehydrogenase content was preserved in MDL-treated mitochondria. Taken together, MDL treatment decreased cardiac injury during IR by inhibiting both cytosolic and mit-CPN1. Activation of mit-CPN1 increases cardiac injury during IR by sensitizing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and impairing mitochondrial metabolism through damage of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;
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207
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Strifler G, Tuboly E, Szél E, Kaszonyi E, Cao C, Kaszaki J, Mészáros A, Boros M, Hartmann P. Inhaled Methane Limits the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Dysfunction during Experimental Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146363. [PMID: 26741361 PMCID: PMC4720186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methanogenesis can indicate the fermentation activity of the gastrointestinal anaerobic flora. Methane also has a demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential. We hypothesized that enriched methane inhalation can influence the respiratory activity of the liver mitochondria after an ischemia-reperfusion (IR) challenge. METHODS The activity of oxidative phosphorylation system complexes was determined after in vitro methane treatment of intact liver mitochondria. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to standardized 60-min warm hepatic ischemia inhaled normoxic air (n = 6) or normoxic air containing 2.2% methane, from 50 min of ischemia and throughout the 60-min reperfusion period (n = 6). Measurement data were compared with those on sham-operated animals (n = 6 each). Liver biopsy samples were subjected to high-resolution respirometry; whole-blood superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production was measured; hepatocyte apoptosis was detected with TUNEL staining and in vivo fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Significantly decreased complex II-linked basal respiration was found in the normoxic IR group at 55 min of ischemia and a lower respiratory capacity (~60%) and after 5 min of reperfusion. Methane inhalation preserved the maximal respiratory capacity at 55 min of ischemia and significantly improved the basal respiration during the first 30 min of reperfusion. The IR-induced cytochrome c activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and hepatocyte apoptosis were also significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS The normoxic IR injury was accompanied by significant functional damage of the inner mitochondrial membrane, increased cytochrome c activity, enhanced ROS production and apoptosis. An elevated methane intake confers significant protection against mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces the oxidative damage of the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Strifler
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Tuboly
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Szél
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kaszonyi
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chun Cao
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Kaszaki
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Mészáros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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208
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209
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Lu X, Kwong JQ, Molkentin JD, Bers DM. Individual Cardiac Mitochondria Undergo Rare Transient Permeability Transition Pore Openings. Circ Res 2015; 118:834-41. [PMID: 26712344 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitochondria produce ATP, especially critical for survival of highly aerobic cells, such as cardiac myocytes. Conversely, opening of mitochondrial high-conductance and long-lasting permeability transition pores (mPTP) causes respiratory uncoupling, mitochondrial injury, and cell death. However, low conductance and transient mPTP openings (tPTP) might limit mitochondrial Ca(2+) load and be cardioprotective, but direct evidence for tPTP in cells is limited. OBJECTIVE To directly characterize tPTP occurrence during sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release in adult cardiac myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we measured tPTP directly as transient drops in mitochondrial [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)]mito) and membrane potential (ΔΨm) in adult cardiac myocytes during cyclic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca release, by simultaneous live imaging of 500 to 1000 individual mitochondria. The frequency of tPTPs rose at higher [Ca(2+)]mito, [Ca(2+)]i, with 1 μmol/L peroxide exposure and in myocyte from failing hearts. The tPTPs were suppressed by preventing mitochondrial Ca(2+) influx, by mPTP inhibitor cyclosporine A, sanglifehrin, and in cyclophilin D knockout mice. These tPTP events were 57±5 s in duration, but were rare (occurring in <0.1% of myocyte mitochondria at any moment) such that the overall energetic cost to the cell is minimal. The tPTP pore size is much smaller than for permanent mPTP, as neither Rhod-2 nor calcein (600 Da) were lost. Thus, proteins and even molecules the size of NADH (663 Da) will be retained during these tPTP. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that tPTP openings (MitoWinks) may be molecularly related to pathological mPTP, but are likely to be normal physiological manifestation that benefits mitochondrial (and cell) survival by allowing individual mitochondria to reset themselves with little overall energetic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Lu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (X.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.Q.K., J.D.M.)
| | - Jennifer Q Kwong
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (X.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.Q.K., J.D.M.)
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (X.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.Q.K., J.D.M.)
| | - Donald M Bers
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (X.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.Q.K., J.D.M.).
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210
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Wang K, Zhang DL, Long B, An T, Zhang J, Zhou LY, Liu CY, Li PF. NFAT4-dependent miR-324-5p regulates mitochondrial morphology and cardiomyocyte cell death by targeting Mtfr1. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2007. [PMID: 26633713 PMCID: PMC4720883 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggest that the abnormal mitochondrial fission participates in pathogenesis of cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the molecular components regulating mitochondrial network in heart remain largely unidentified. Here we report that NFAT4, miR-324-5p and mitochondrial fission regulator 1 (Mtfr1) function in one signaling axis that regulates mitochondrial morphology and cardiomyocyte cell death. Knocking down Mtfr1 suppresses mitochondrial fission, apoptosis and myocardial infarction. Mtfr1 is a direct target of miR-324-5p, and miR-324-5p attenuates mitochondrial fission, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial infarction by suppressing Mtfr1 translation. Finally, we show that transcription factor NFAT4 inhibits miR-324-5p expression. Knockdown of NFAT4 suppresses mitochondrial fission and protects cardiomyocyte from apoptosis and myocardial infarction. Our study defines the NFAT4/ miR-324-5p/Mtfr1 axis, which participates in the regulation of mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and suggests potential new treatment avenues for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - D-L Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - T An
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L-Y Zhou
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - C-Y Liu
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - P-F Li
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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211
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Carreira VS, Fan Y, Kurita H, Wang Q, Ko CI, Naticchioni M, Jiang M, Koch S, Zhang X, Biesiada J, Medvedovic M, Xia Y, Rubinstein J, Puga A. Disruption of Ah Receptor Signaling during Mouse Development Leads to Abnormal Cardiac Structure and Function in the Adult. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142440. [PMID: 26555816 PMCID: PMC4640841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Theory proposes that the environment encountered during fetal life and infancy permanently shapes tissue physiology and homeostasis such that damage resulting from maternal stress, poor nutrition or exposure to environmental agents may be at the heart of adult onset disease. Interference with endogenous developmental functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), either by gene ablation or by exposure in utero to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent AHR ligand, causes structural, molecular and functional cardiac abnormalities and altered heart physiology in mouse embryos. To test if embryonic effects progress into an adult phenotype, we investigated whether Ahr ablation or TCDD exposure in utero resulted in cardiac abnormalities in adult mice long after removal of the agent. Ten-months old adult Ahr-/- and in utero TCDD-exposed Ahr+/+ mice showed sexually dimorphic abnormal cardiovascular phenotypes characterized by echocardiographic findings of hypertrophy, ventricular dilation and increased heart weight, resting heart rate and systolic and mean blood pressure, and decreased exercise tolerance. Underlying these effects, genes in signaling networks related to cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial function were differentially expressed. Cardiac dysfunction in mouse embryos resulting from AHR signaling disruption seems to progress into abnormal cardiac structure and function that predispose adults to cardiac disease, but while embryonic dysfunction is equally robust in males and females, the adult abnormalities are more prevalent in females, with the highest severity in Ahr-/- females. The findings reported here underscore the conclusion that AHR signaling in the developing heart is one potential target of environmental factors associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius S. Carreira
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Mindi Naticchioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Sheryl Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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212
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Mei J, Leung NLC, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced Emission: Together We Shine, United We Soar! Chem Rev 2015; 115:11718-940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5139] [Impact Index Per Article: 571.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Mei
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson L. C. Leung
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech
Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry,
HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Molecular
Functional Materials, Division of Biomedical Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong
Innovative Research Team, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Laboratory, State
Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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213
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Li PT, Tsai YJ, Lee MJ, Chen CT. Increased Histone Deacetylase Activity Involved in the Suppressed Invasion of Cancer Cells Survived from ALA-Mediated Photodynamic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23994-4010. [PMID: 26473836 PMCID: PMC4632734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have found that cancer cells survived from 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) have abnormal mitochondrial function and suppressed cellular invasiveness. Here we report that both the mRNA expression level and enzymatic activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) were elevated in the PDT-derived variants with dysfunctional mitochondria. The activated HDAC deacetylated histone H3 and further resulted in the reduced migration and invasion, which correlated with the reduced expression of the invasion-related genes, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), paternally expressed gene 1 (PEG1), and miR-355, the intronic miRNA. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we further demonstrate the reduced amount of acetylated histone H3 on the promoter regions of MMP9 and PEG1, supporting the down-regulation of these two genes in PDT-derived variants. These results indicate that HDAC activation induced by mitochondrial dysfunction could modulate the cellular invasiveness and its related gene expression. This argument was further verified in the 51-10 cybrid cells with the 4977 bp mtDNA deletion and A375 ρ⁰ cells with depleted mitochondria. These results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction might suppress tumor invasion through modulating histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Tzu Li
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jane Tsai
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jen Lee
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Tin Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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214
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Granger DN, Kvietys PR. Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept. Redox Biol 2015; 6:524-551. [PMID: 26484802 PMCID: PMC4625011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 918] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue oxygenation, has been a focus of basic and clinical research for over 4-decades. While a variety of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continues to receive much attention as a critical factor in the genesis of reperfusion injury. As a consequence, considerable effort has been devoted to identifying the dominant cellular and enzymatic sources of excess ROS production following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Of the potential ROS sources described to date, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase (Nox), mitochondria, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase have gained a status as the most likely contributors to reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and represent priority targets for therapeutic intervention against reperfusion-induced organ dysfunction and tissue damage. Although all four enzymatic sources are present in most tissues and are likely to play some role in reperfusion injury, priority and emphasis has been given to specific ROS sources that are enriched in certain tissues, such as xanthine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract and mitochondria in the metabolically active heart and brain. The possibility that multiple ROS sources contribute to reperfusion injury in most tissues is supported by evidence demonstrating that redox-signaling enables ROS produced by one enzymatic source (e.g., Nox) to activate and enhance ROS production by a second source (e.g., mitochondria). This review provides a synopsis of the evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury, the clinical implications of this phenomenon, and summarizes current understanding of the four most frequently invoked enzymatic sources of ROS production in post-ischemic tissue. Reperfusion injury is implicated in a variety of human diseases and disorders. Evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury continues to grow. Several enzymes are candidate sources of ROS in post-ischemic tissue. Inter-enzymatic ROS-dependent signaling enhances the oxidative stress caused by I/R. .
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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215
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Sarker-Nag A, Hutcheon AEK, Karamichos D. Mitochondrial Profile and Responses to TGF-β Ligands in Keratoconus. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:900-7. [PMID: 26430764 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1078361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Keratoconus (KC) is a complex corneal dystrophy with multifactorial etiology. Previous studies have shown evidence of mitochondrial abnormalities in KC; however, the exact cause of these abnormalities remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify if transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms play a role in the regulation of mitochondrial proteins in human KC cells (HKC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human corneal fibroblasts (HCF) and HKC were isolated and cultured for 4 weeks in three different conditions: (a) CONTROL MEM + 10%FBS, (b) MEM + 10%FBS + TGF-β1 and (c) MEM + 10%FBS + TGF-β3. All samples were processed for mitochondrial damage analysis using real-time PCR. RESULTS We quantified and analyzed 84 mitochondrial and five housekeeping genes in HCFs and HKCs. Our data showed that when TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β3 were compared with control in HCFs, nine genes were significantly different; however, no genes were significantly regulated by the TGF-β isoforms in HKCs. Significant differences were also seen in seven genes when HFCs were compared with HKCs, in all three conditions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data support the growing consensus that mitochondrial dysfunction is a key player in KC disease. These in vitro data show clear links between mitochondrial function and TGF-β isoforms, with TGF-β1 severely disrupting KC-mitochondrial function, while TGF-β3 maintained it, thus suggesting that TGF-β may play a role in KC-disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhee Sarker-Nag
- a Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Audrey E K Hutcheon
- b Schepens Eye Research Institute/MEE and Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- a Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,c Department of Cell Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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216
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Angione C, Costanza J, Carapezza G, Lió P, Nicosia G. Multi-Target Analysis and Design of Mitochondrial Metabolism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133825. [PMID: 26376088 PMCID: PMC4574446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing and optimizing biological models is often identified as a research priority in biomedical engineering. An important feature of a model should be the ability to find the best condition in which an organism has to be grown in order to reach specific optimal output values chosen by the researcher. In this work, we take into account a mitochondrial model analyzed with flux-balance analysis. The optimal design and assessment of these models is achieved through single- and/or multi-objective optimization techniques driven by epsilon-dominance and identifiability analysis. Our optimization algorithm searches for the values of the flux rates that optimize multiple cellular functions simultaneously. The optimization of the fluxes of the metabolic network includes not only input fluxes, but also internal fluxes. A faster convergence process with robust candidate solutions is permitted by a relaxed Pareto dominance, regulating the granularity of the approximation of the desired Pareto front. We find that the maximum ATP production is linked to a total consumption of NADH, and reaching the maximum amount of NADH leads to an increasing request of NADH from the external environment. Furthermore, the identifiability analysis characterizes the type and the stage of three monogenic diseases. Finally, we propose a new methodology to extend any constraint-based model using protein abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Angione
- Computer Laboratory-University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jole Costanza
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carapezza
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science-University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Lió
- Computer Laboratory-University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Nicosia
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science-University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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217
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Jayasundara N, Kozal JS, Arnold MC, Chan SSL, Di Giulio RT. High-Throughput Tissue Bioenergetics Analysis Reveals Identical Metabolic Allometric Scaling for Teleost Hearts and Whole Organisms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137710. [PMID: 26368567 PMCID: PMC4569437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal metabolic rate, a fundamental metric in biology, demonstrates an allometric scaling relationship with body size. Fractal-like vascular distribution networks of biological systems are proposed to underlie metabolic rate allometric scaling laws from individual organisms to cells, mitochondria, and enzymes. Tissue-specific metabolic scaling is notably absent from this paradigm. In the current study, metabolic scaling relationships of hearts and brains with body size were examined by improving on a high-throughput whole-organ oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis method in five biomedically and environmentally relevant teleost model species. Tissue-specific metabolic scaling was compared with organismal routine metabolism (RMO2), which was measured using whole organismal respirometry. Basal heart OCR and organismal RMO2 scaled identically with body mass in a species-specific fashion across all five species tested. However, organismal maximum metabolic rates (MMO2) and pharmacologically-induced maximum cardiac metabolic rates in zebrafish Danio rerio did not show a similar relationship with body mass. Brain metabolic rates did not scale with body size. The identical allometric scaling of heart and organismal metabolic rates with body size suggests that hearts, the power generator of an organism’s vascular distribution network, might be crucial in determining teleost metabolic rate scaling under routine conditions. Furthermore, these findings indicate the possibility of measuring heart OCR utilizing the high-throughput approach presented here as a proxy for organismal metabolic rate—a useful metric in characterizing organismal fitness. In addition to heart and brain OCR, the current approach was also used to measure whole liver OCR, partition cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters using pharmacological agents, and estimate heart and brain glycolytic rates. This high-throughput whole-organ bioenergetic analysis method has important applications in toxicology, evolutionary physiology, and biomedical sciences, particularly in the context of investigating pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jordan S. Kozal
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mariah C. Arnold
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sherine S. L. Chan
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard T. Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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218
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Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. Heart mitochondria and calpain 1: Location, function, and targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2372-8. [PMID: 26259540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 1 is an ubiquitous Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine protease. Although calpain 1 has been found in cardiac mitochondria, the exact location within mitochondrial compartments and its function remain unclear. The aim of the current review is to discuss the localization of calpain 1 in different mitochondrial compartments in relationship to its function, especially in pathophysiological conditions. Briefly, mitochondrial calpain 1 (mit-CPN1) is located within the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix. Activation of the mit-CPN1 within intermembrane space cleaves apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), whereas the activated mit-CPN1 within matrix cleaves complex I subunits and metabolic enzymes. Inhibition of the mit-CPN1 could be a potential strategy to decrease cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Physiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
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219
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Liao X, Zhang R, Lu Y, Prosdocimo DA, Sangwung P, Zhang L, Zhou G, Anand P, Lai L, Leone TC, Fujioka H, Ye F, Rosca MG, Hoppel CL, Schulze PC, Abel ED, Stamler JS, Kelly DP, Jain MK. Kruppel-like factor 4 is critical for transcriptional control of cardiac mitochondrial homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3461-76. [PMID: 26241060 DOI: 10.1172/jci79964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for tissue health, and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to numerous diseases, including heart failure. Here, we have shown that the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) governs mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolic function, dynamics, and autophagic clearance. Adult mice with cardiac-specific Klf4 deficiency developed cardiac dysfunction with aging or in response to pressure overload that was characterized by reduced myocardial ATP levels, elevated ROS, and marked alterations in mitochondrial shape, size, ultrastructure, and alignment. Evaluation of mitochondria isolated from KLF4-deficient hearts revealed a reduced respiration rate that is likely due to defects in electron transport chain complex I. Further, cardiac-specific, embryonic Klf4 deletion resulted in postnatal premature mortality, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and altered mitochondrial maturation. We determined that KLF4 binds to, cooperates with, and is requisite for optimal function of the estrogen-related receptor/PPARγ coactivator 1 (ERR/PGC-1) transcriptional regulatory module on metabolic and mitochondrial targets. Finally, we found that KLF4 regulates autophagy flux through transcriptional regulation of a broad array of autophagy genes in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these findings identify KLF4 as a nodal transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis.
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220
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de Lima Portella R, Lynn Bickta J, Shiva S. Nitrite Confers Preconditioning and Cytoprotection After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:307-27. [PMID: 26094636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitrite is now recognized as an intrinsic signaling molecule that mediates a number of biological processes. One of the most reproducible effects of nitrite is its ability to mediate cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This robust phenomenon has been reproduced by a number of investigators in varying animal models focusing on different target organs. Furthermore, nitrite's cytoprotective versatility is highlighted by its ability to mediate delayed preconditioning and remote conditioning in addition to acute protection. RECENT ADVANCES In the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. CRITICAL ISSUES The mitochondrion, which is essential to both the progression of I/R injury and the protection afforded by preconditioning, has emerged as a major subcellular target for nitrite. This review will outline the role of the mitochondrion in I/R injury and preconditioning, review the accumulated preclinical studies demonstrating nitrite-mediated cytoprotection, and finally focus on the known interactions of nitrite with mitochondria and their role in the mechanism of nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These studies set the stage for current clinical trials testing the efficacy of nitrite to prevent warm and cold I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janelle Lynn Bickta
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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221
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Koentges C, Pfeil K, Meyer-Steenbuck M, Lother A, Hoffmann MM, Odening KE, Hein L, Bode C, Bugger H. Preserved recovery of cardiac function following ischemia-reperfusion in mice lacking SIRT3. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:72-80. [PMID: 26524632 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lack of the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) impairs mitochondrial function and increases the susceptibility to induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Because these alterations contribute to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, we hypothesized that SIRT3 deficiency may increase cardiac injury following myocardial IR. Hearts of 10-week-old mice were perfused in the isolated working mode and subjected to 17.5 min of global no-flow ischemia, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Measurements before ischemia revealed a decrease in cardiac power (-20%) and rate pressure product (-15%) in SIRT3(-/-) mice. Mitochondrial state 3 respiration (-15%), ATP synthesis (-39%), and ATP/O ratios (-29%) were decreased in hearts of SIRT3(-/-) mice. However, percent recovery of cardiac power (WT 94% ± 9%; SIRT3(-/-) 89% ± 9%) and rate pressure product (WT 89% ± 16%; SIRT3(-/-) 96% ± 3%) following IR was similar in both groups. Myocardial infarct size was not increased in SIRT3(-/-) mice following permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Left ventricular pressure and dP/dtmax, and mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis were not different between groups following LAD ligation. Thus, despite pre-existing defects in cardiac function and mitochondrial respiratory capacity in SIRT3(-/-) mice, SIRT3 deficiency does not additionally impair cardiac function following IR or following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Koentges
- a Division of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Pfeil
- a Division of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Achim Lother
- a Division of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany.,b Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael M Hoffmann
- c Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja E Odening
- a Division of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- b Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- a Division of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Bugger
- a Division of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
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222
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Abstract
Mitochondrial quality is a crucial determinant of cell viability, and mitochondrial autophagy plays a central role in this control mechanism. Based on studies in yeast, numerous investigations of this process have been conducted, and the framework of mammalian mitochondrial autophagy is progressively appearing. However, many enigmas about the molecular mechanisms involved remain unsolved. Furthermore, the pathological significance of mitochondrial autophagy in the heart remains largely unclear. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of mitochondrial autophagy in mammals with reference to that in yeast. Regarding the process in yeast, some points of uncertainty have arisen. We also summarize recent advances in the research of autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy in the heart. This article is a part of a review series on Autophagy in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Saito
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark.
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223
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Wang X, Cheng Y, Xue H, Yue Y, Zhang W, Li X. Fargesin as a potential β₁ adrenergic receptor antagonist protects the hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:16-25. [PMID: 26025856 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fargesin displayed similar chromatographic retention peak to metoprolol in the cardiac muscle/cell membrane chromatography (CM/CMC) and β1 adrenergic receptor/cell membrane chromatography (β1AR/CMC) models. To provide more biological information about fargesin, we investigated the effects of fargesin on isoproterenol-(ISO-) induced cells injury in the high expression β1 adrenergic receptor/Chinese hamster ovary-S (β1AR/CHO-S) cells and occluding the left coronary artery- (LAD-) induced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in rats. The results in vitro showed that ISO-induced canonical cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) levels were decreased by fargesin in β1AR/CHO-S cells. Fargesin attenuated the serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and improved histopathological changes of ischemic myocardium compared with the I/R rats. Similar results were obtained with Evans Blue/TTC staining, in which fargesin notably reduced infarct size. Moreover, compared with the I/R group, fargesin increased COX release and the activities of some endogenous antioxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), but suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA), and intracellular ROS release. Additionally, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay demonstrated fargesin suppressed myocardial apoptosis, which may be related to inhibition of caspase-3 activity. Taken together, these results provided substantial evidences that fargesin as a potential β1AR antagonist through cAMP/PKA pathway could protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. The underlining mechanism may be related to inhibiting oxidative stress and myocardial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Cheng
- Shanxi Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China.
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224
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Monoamine Oxidases as Potential Contributors to Oxidative Stress in Diabetes: Time for a Study in Patients Undergoing Heart Surgery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:515437. [PMID: 26101773 PMCID: PMC4458524 DOI: 10.1155/2015/515437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathomechanism causally linked to the progression of chronic cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Mitochondria have emerged as the most relevant source of reactive oxygen species, the major culprit being classically considered the respiratory chain at the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the past decade, several experimental studies unequivocally demonstrated the contribution of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) at the outer mitochondrial membrane to the maladaptative ventricular hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction. This paper addresses the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathogenesis of heart failure and diabetes together with the mounting evidence for an emerging role of MAO inhibition as putative cardioprotective strategy in both conditions.
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225
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Christiansen LB, Dela F, Koch J, Hansen CN, Leifsson PS, Yokota T. Impaired cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1237-47. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00727.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are important players in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, but their roles in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remain unknown. We examined whether mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity was impaired with enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in HCM. Cardiac and skeletal muscles were obtained from 9 domestic cats with spontaneously occurring HCM with preserved left ventricular systolic function and from 15 age-matched control cats. Mitochondrial OXPHOS capacities with nonfatty acid and fatty acid substrates in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were assessed using high-resolution respirometry. ROS release originating from isolated mitochondria was assessed by spectrofluorometry. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were also measured as a marker of oxidative damage. Mitochondrial ADP-stimulated state 3 respiration with complex I-linked nonfatty acid substrates and with fatty acid substrates, respectively, was significantly lower in the hearts of HCM cats compared with control cats. Mitochondrial ROS release during state 3 with complex I-linked substrates and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the heart were significantly increased in cats with HCM. In contrast, there were no significant differences in mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity, mitochondrial ROS release, and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle between groups. Mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity with both nonfatty acid substrates and fatty acid substrates was impaired with increased mitochondrial ROS release in the feline HCM heart. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of HCM and support the hypothesis that restoration of the redox state in the mitochondria is beneficial in the treatment of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte B. Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Jørgen Koch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina N. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Pall S. Leifsson
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
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Fingerprinting of metabolic states by NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy in living cells: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medpho.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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227
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Pathak RK, Kolishetti N, Dhar S. Targeted nanoparticles in mitochondrial medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 7:315-29. [PMID: 25348382 PMCID: PMC4397104 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the so-called 'energy factory of cells' not only produce energy but also contribute immensely in cellular mortality management. Mitochondrial dysfunctions result in various diseases including but not limited to cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the recent years, targeting mitochondria emerged as an attractive strategy to control mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases. Despite the desire to direct therapeutics to the mitochondria, the actual task is more difficult due to the highly complex nature of the mitochondria. The potential benefits of integrating nanomaterials with properties such as biodegradability, magnetization, and fluorescence into a single object of nanoscale dimensions can lead to the development of hybrid nanomedical platforms for targeting therapeutics to the mitochondria. Only a handful of nanoparticles based on metal oxides, gold nanoparticles, dendrons, carbon nanotubes, and liposomes were recently engineered to target mitochondria. Most of these materials face tremendous challenges when administered in vivo due to their limited biocompatibility. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles emerged as eminent candidates for effective drug delivery. In this review, we highlight the current advancements in the development of biodegradable nanoparticle platforms as effective targeting tools for mitochondrial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Pathak
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
- PartiKula LLC, 7777 Davie Rd., Hollywood, FL 33024
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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228
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Aguirre-Rueda D, Guerra-Ojeda S, Aldasoro M, Iradi A, Obrador E, Mauricio MD, Vila JM, Marchio P, Valles SL. WIN 55,212-2, agonist of cannabinoid receptors, prevents amyloid β1-42 effects on astrocytes in primary culture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122843. [PMID: 25874692 PMCID: PMC4395436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer´s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative illness involving synaptic dysfunction with extracellular accumulation of Aβ1-42 toxic peptide, glial activation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, can lead to neuronal death. Endogenous cannabinoid system is implicated in physiological and physiopathological events in central nervous system (CNS), and changes in this system are related to many human diseases, including AD. However, studies on the effects of cannabinoids on astrocytes functions are scarce. In primary cultured astrocytes we studied cellular viability using MTT assay. Inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators were determined by ELISA and Western-blot techniques both in the presence and absence of Aβ1-42 peptide. Effects of WIN 55,212-2 (a synthetic cannabinoid) on cell viability, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress were also determined. Aβ1-42 diminished astrocytes viability, increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels and p-65, COX-2 and iNOS protein expression while decreased PPAR-γ and antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn SOD. WIN 55,212-2 pretreatment prevents all effects elicited by Aβ1-42. Furthermore, cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 also increased cell viability and PPAR-γ expression in control astrocytes. In conclusion cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 increases cell viability and anti-inflammatory response in cultured astrocytes. Moreover, WIN 55,212-2 increases expression of anti-oxidant Cu/Zn SOD and is able to prevent inflammation induced by Aβ1-42 in cultured astrocytes. Further studies would be needed to assess the possible beneficial effects of cannabinoids in Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aguirre-Rueda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Iradi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D. Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Mª Vila
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Marchio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Soraya L. Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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229
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The protective effect of lipoic acid on selected cardiovascular diseases caused by age-related oxidative stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:313021. [PMID: 25949771 PMCID: PMC4407629 DOI: 10.1155/2015/313021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be the primary cause of many cardiovascular diseases, including endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Oxidative stress increases during the aging process, resulting in either increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or decreased antioxidant defense. The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease is directly related to age. Aging is also associated with oxidative stress, which in turn leads to accelerated cellular senescence and organ dysfunction. Antioxidants may help lower the incidence of some pathologies of cardiovascular diseases and have antiaging properties. Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural antioxidant which is believed to have a beneficial effect on oxidative stress parameters in relation to diseases of the cardiovascular system.
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230
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Abstract
The heart is a very special organ in the body and has a high requirement for metabolism due to its constant workload. As a consequence, to provide a consistent and sufficient energy a high steady-state demand of metabolism is required by the heart. When delicately balanced mechanisms are changed by physiological or pathophysiological conditions, the whole system's homeostasis will be altered to a new balance, which contributes to the pathologic process. So it is no wonder that almost every heart disease is related to metabolic shift. Furthermore, aging is also found to be related to the reduction in mitochondrial function, insulin resistance, and dysregulated intracellular lipid metabolism. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as an energy sensor to detect intracellular ATP/AMP ratio and plays a pivotal role in intracellular adaptation to energy stress. During different pathology (like myocardial ischemia and hypertension), the activation of cardiac AMPK appears to be essential for repairing cardiomyocyte's function by accelerating ATP generation, attenuating ATP depletion, and protecting the myocardium against cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis. In this overview, we will talk about the normal heart's metabolism, how metabolic shifts during aging and different pathologies, and how AMPK regulates metabolic changes during these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY 14214
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231
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Lotz C, Zhang J, Fang C, Liem D, Ping P. Isoflurane protects the myocardium against ischemic injury via the preservation of mitochondrial respiration and its supramolecular organization. Anesth Analg 2015; 120:265-74. [PMID: 25383718 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane has been demonstrated to limit myocardial ischemic injury. This effect is hypothesized to be mediated in part via effects on mitochondria. We investigated the hypothesis that isoflurane maintains mitochondrial respiratory chain functionality, in turn limiting mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial membrane disintegration during myocardial ischemic injury. METHODS Mice (9-12 weeks of age) received isoflurane (1.0 minimum alveolar concentration) 36 hours before a 30-minute coronary artery occlusion that was followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated at a time point corresponding to 4 hours of reperfusion. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazoliumchloride staining was used to determine myocardial infarct size. Mitochondrial respiratory chain functionality was investigated using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as well as specific biochemical assays. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was quantified via the formation of malondialdehyde; mitochondrial membrane integrity was assessed by Ca-induced swelling. Protein identification was achieved via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. RESULTS Thirty-one mice were studied. Mice receiving isoflurane displayed a reduced myocardial infarct size (P = 0.0011 versus ischemia/reperfusion [I/R]), accompanied by a preserved activity of respiratory complex III (P = 0.0008 versus I/R). Isoflurane stabilized mitochondrial supercomplexes consisting of oligomers from complex III/IV (P = 0.0086 versus I/R). Alleviation of mitochondrial damage after isoflurane treatment was further demonstrated as decreased malondialdehyde formation (P = 0.0019 versus I/R) as well as a diminished susceptibility to Ca-induced swelling (P = 0.0010 versus I/R). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that isoflurane protects the heart from ischemic injury by maintaining the in vivo functionality of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These effects may result in part from the preservation of mitochondrial supramolecular organization and minimized oxidative damage, circumventing the loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lotz
- From the Department of Physiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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232
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Myocardial mitochondrial and contractile function are preserved in mice lacking adiponectin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119416. [PMID: 25785965 PMCID: PMC4364743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin deficiency leads to increased myocardial infarct size following ischemia reperfusion and to exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy following pressure overload, entities that are causally linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. In skeletal muscle, lack of adiponectin results in impaired mitochondrial function. Thus, it was our objective to investigate whether adiponectin deficiency impairs mitochondrial energetics in the heart. At 8 weeks of age, heart weight-to-body weight ratios were not different between adiponectin knockout (ADQ-/-) mice and wildtypes (WT). In isolated working hearts, cardiac output, aortic developed pressure and cardiac power were preserved in ADQ-/- mice. Rates of fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation and glycolysis were unchanged between groups. While myocardial oxygen consumption was slightly reduced (-24%) in ADQ-/- mice in isolated working hearts, rates of maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis in saponin-permeabilized cardiac fibers were preserved in ADQ-/- mice with glutamate, pyruvate or palmitoyl-carnitine as a substrate. In addition, enzymatic activity of respiratory complexes I and II was unchanged between groups. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and SIRT1 activity were not decreased, expression and acetylation of PGC-1α were unchanged, and mitochondrial content of OXPHOS subunits was not decreased in ADQ-/- mice. Finally, increasing energy demands due to prolonged subcutaneous infusion of isoproterenol did not differentially affect cardiac contractility or mitochondrial function in ADQ-/- mice compared to WT. Thus, mitochondrial and contractile function are preserved in hearts of mice lacking adiponectin, suggesting that adiponectin may be expendable in the regulation of mitochondrial energetics and contractile function in the heart under non-pathological conditions.
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233
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Dare AJ, Bolton EA, Pettigrew GJ, Bradley JA, Saeb-Parsy K, Murphy MP. Kidney donation after circulatory death (DCD): state of the art. Kidney Int 2015; 5:163-168. [PMID: 25965144 PMCID: PMC4427662 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury to the kidney occurs in a range of clinically important scenarios including hypotension, sepsis and in surgical procedures such as cardiac bypass surgery and kidney transplantation, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Mitochondrial oxidative damage is a significant contributor to the early phases of IR injury and may initiate a damaging inflammatory response. Here we assessed whether the mitochondria targeted antioxidant MitoQ could decrease oxidative damage during IR injury and thereby protect kidney function. To do this we exposed kidneys in mice to in vivo ischemia by bilaterally occluding the renal vessels followed by reperfusion for up to 24 h. This caused renal dysfunction, measured by decreased creatinine clearance, and increased markers of oxidative damage. Administering MitoQ to the mice intravenously 15 min prior to ischemia protected the kidney from damage and dysfunction. These data indicate that mitochondrial oxidative damage contributes to kidney IR injury and that mitochondria targeted antioxidants such as MitoQ are potential therapies for renal dysfunction due to IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Dare
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge BioMedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eleanor A Bolton
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gavin J Pettigrew
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - J Andrew Bradley
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge BioMedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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234
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Lai L, Jin JC, Xu ZQ, Ge YS, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Spectroscopic and Microscopic Studies on the Mechanism of Mitochondrial Toxicity Induced by CdTe QDs Modified with Different Ligands. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:727-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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235
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Bonomini F, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Metabolic syndrome, aging and involvement of oxidative stress. Aging Dis 2015; 6:109-20. [PMID: 25821639 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity and insulin resistance, is dramatically increasing in Western and developing countries. This disorder consists of a cluster of metabolic conditions, such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-low-density lipoproteins, hypo-high-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance, abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertension, that-in combination with genetic susceptibility and abdominal obesity-are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and renal, liver and heart diseases. One of the defects in metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases is excess of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species generated by mitochondria, or from other sites within or outside the cell, cause damage to mitochondrial components and initiate degradative processes. Such toxic reactions contribute significantly to the aging process. In this article we review current understandings of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome related disease and its possible contribution to accelerated senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonomini
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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236
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Rashed E, Lizano P, Dai H, Thomas A, Suzuki CK, Depre C, Qiu H. Heat shock protein 22 (Hsp22) regulates oxidative phosphorylation upon its mitochondrial translocation with the inducible nitric oxide synthase in mammalian heart. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119537. [PMID: 25746286 PMCID: PMC4352051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Stress-inducible heat shock protein 22 (Hsp22) confers protection against ischemia through induction of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Hsp22 overexpression in vivo stimulates cardiac mitochondrial respiration, whereas Hsp22 deletion in vivo significantly reduces respiration. We hypothesized that Hsp22-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function is dependent upon its mitochondrial translocation together with iNOS. Methods and Results Adenoviruses harboring either the full coding sequence of Hsp22 (Ad-WT-Hsp22) or a mutant lacking a N-terminal 20 amino acid putative mitochondrial localization sequence (Ad-N20-Hsp22) were generated, and infected in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Compared to β-Gal control, WT-Hsp22 accumulated in mitochondria by 2.5 fold (P<0.05) and increased oxygen consumption rates by 2-fold (P<0.01). This latter effect was abolished upon addition of the selective iNOS inhibitor, 1400W. Ad-WT-Hsp22 significantly increased global iNOS expression by about 2.5-fold (P<0.01), and also increased iNOS mitochondrial localization by 4.5 fold vs β-gal (P<0.05). Upon comparable overexpression, the N20-Hsp22 mutant did not show significant mitochondrial translocation or stimulation of mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, although N20-Hsp22 did increase global iNOS expression by 4.6-fold, it did not promote iNOS mitochondrial translocation. Conclusion Translocation of both Hsp22 and iNOS to the mitochondria is necessary for Hsp22-mediated stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Rashed
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Huacheng Dai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Andrew Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Carolyn K. Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Christophe Depre
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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237
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Lee YH, Verwilst P, Park N, Lee JH, Kim JS. Organelle-selective di-(2-picolyl)amine-appended water-soluble fluorescent sensors for Cu(II): synthesis, photophysical and in vitro studies. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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238
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Sharp WW. Dynamin-related protein 1 as a therapeutic target in cardiac arrest. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:243-52. [PMID: 25659608 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality, defibrillation technologies, and implementation of therapeutic hypothermia, less than 10 % of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims survive to hospital discharge. New resuscitation therapies have been slow to develop, in part, because the pathophysiologic mechanisms critical for resuscitation are not understood. During cardiac arrest, systemic cessation of blood flow results in whole body ischemia. CPR and the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), both result in immediate reperfusion injury of the heart that is characterized by severe contractile dysfunction. Unlike diseases of localized ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (myocardial infarction and stroke), global IR injury of organs results in profound organ dysfunction with far shorter ischemic times. The two most commonly injured organs following cardiac arrest resuscitation, the heart and brain, are critically dependent on mitochondrial function. New insights into mitochondrial dynamics and the role of the mitochondrial fission protein Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in apoptosis have made targeting these mechanisms attractive for IR therapy. In animal models, inhibiting Drp1 following IR injury or cardiac arrest confers protection to both the heart and brain. In this review, the relationship of the major mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 to ischemic changes in the heart and its targeting as a new therapeutic target following cardiac arrest are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willard W Sharp
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 5068, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA,
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239
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Acetyl-L-carnitine increases mitochondrial protein acetylation in the aged rat heart. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 145:39-50. [PMID: 25660059 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previously we showed that in vivo treatment of elderly Fisher 344 rats with acetylcarnitine abolished the age-associated defect in respiratory chain complex III in interfibrillar mitochondria and improved the functional recovery of the ischemic/reperfused heart. Herein, we explored mitochondrial protein acetylation as a possible mechanism for acetylcarnitine's effect. In vivo treatment of elderly rats with acetylcarnitine restored cardiac acetylcarnitine content and increased mitochondrial protein lysine acetylation and increased the number of lysine-acetylated proteins in cardiac subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria. Enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial β-oxidation, and ATP synthase of the respiratory chain showed the greatest acetylation. Acetylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, complex V, and aspartate aminotransferase was accompanied by decreased catalytic activity. Several proteins were found to be acetylated only after treatment with acetylcarnitine, suggesting that exogenous acetylcarnitine served as the acetyl-donor. Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that acetylcarnitine treatment also induced changes in mitochondrial protein amount; a two-fold or greater increase/decrease in abundance was observed for thirty one proteins. Collectively, our data provide evidence for the first time that in the aged rat heart in vivo administration of acetylcarnitine provides acetyl groups for protein acetylation and affects the amount of mitochondrial proteins.
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240
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Disatnik MH, Hwang S, Ferreira JCB, Mochly-Rosen D. New therapeutics to modulate mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in cardiac diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:279-87. [PMID: 25652199 PMCID: PMC4333238 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The processes that control the number and shape of the mitochondria (mitochondrial dynamics) and the removal of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) have been the subject of intense research. Recent work indicates that these processes may contribute to the pathology associated with cardiac diseases. This review describes some of the key proteins that regulate these processes and their potential as therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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241
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Skemiene K, Liobikas J, Borutaite V. Anthocyanins as substrates for mitochondrial complex I - protective effect against heart ischemic injury. FEBS J 2015; 282:963-71. [PMID: 25586661 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, a subclass of flavonoids, are known to protect against myocardial ischemia; however, little is known about their direct, acute effects on mitochondria injured by the ischemic insult. In this study, the effects of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (Dp3G), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg3G) on the activity of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were studied in mitochondria isolated from normal rat hearts and rat hearts subjected to ischemia for 45 min. Cy3G and Dp3G increased the activity of complex I, measured in the presence or absence of coenzyme Q1 (CoQ1 ), in ischemia-damaged mitochondria, whereas in nonischemic mitochondria the effect was observed only in the absence of CoQ1 . Dp3G and Cy3G but not Pg3G increased state 3 respiration and ATP synthesis with NADH-dependent substrates in mitochondria after ischemia. The results suggest that certain anthocyanins can act as electron acceptors at complex I, and bypass ischemia-induced inhibition, resulting in increased ATP production after ischemia. This study provides new information on a possible role of certain anthocyanins in the regulation of energy metabolism in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Skemiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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242
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Kwong JQ, Molkentin JD. Physiological and pathological roles of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the heart. Cell Metab 2015; 21:206-214. [PMID: 25651175 PMCID: PMC4616258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening results in mitochondrial energetic dysfunction, organelle swelling, rupture, and typically a type of necrotic cell death. However, acute opening of the MPTP has a critical physiologic role in regulating mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling and metabolism. Despite the physiological and pathological roles that the MPTP orchestrates, the proteins that comprise the pore itself remain an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we will discuss the molecular composition of the MPTP and its role in regulating cardiac physiology and disease. A better understanding of MPTP structure and function will likely suggest novel cardioprotective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Q Kwong
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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243
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Chen J, Wong HS, Ko KM. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production mediates ursolic acid-induced mitochondrial uncoupling and glutathione redox cycling, with protection against oxidant injury in H9c2 cells. Food Funct 2015; 6:549-57. [PMID: 25515785 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00715h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, is a ubiquitous compound widely distributed in many plants, fruits and medicinal herbs worldwide. A previous study in our laboratory has shown that UA can increase the mitochondrial ATP generation capacity (ATP-GC) and a glutathione-dependent antioxidant response, thereby protecting against oxidant injury in H9c2 cells in vitro and rat hearts ex vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the cellular protective effects induced by UA remains largely unknown. The present study has shown that pre-incubation with UA produces a transient increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential in H9c2 cells, which was accompanied by increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Studies using an antioxidant (dimethylthiourea) indicated that the suppression of mitochondrial ROS completely abrogated the UA-induced enhancement of mitochondrial uncoupling and glutathione reductase (GR)-mediated glutathione redox cycling, as well as protection against menadione cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells. Co-incubation with specific inhibitors of uncoupling proteins and GR almost completely prevented the cytoprotection afforded by UA against menadione-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells. The results obtained so far suggest that UA-induced mitochondrial ROS production can elicit mitochondrial uncoupling and glutathione-dependent antioxidant responses, which offer cytoprotection against oxidant injury in H9c2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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244
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Vijay V, Han T, Moland CL, Kwekel JC, Fuscoe JC, Desai VG. Sexual dimorphism in the expression of mitochondria-related genes in rat heart at different ages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117047. [PMID: 25615628 PMCID: PMC4304718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Moreover, sex and age are considered major risk factors in the development of CVDs. Mitochondria are vital for normal cardiac function, and regulation of mitochondrial structure and function may impact susceptibility to CVD. To identify potential role of mitochondria in sex-related differences in susceptibility to CVD, we analyzed the basal expression levels of mitochondria-related genes in the hearts of male and female rats. Whole genome expression profiling was performed in the hearts of young (8-week), adult (21-week), and old (78-week) male and female Fischer 344 rats and the expression of 670 unique genes related to various mitochondrial functions was analyzed. A significant (p<0.05) sexual dimorphism in expression levels of 46, 114, and 41 genes was observed in young, adult and old rats, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis revealed the influence of sex on various biological pathways related to cardiac energy metabolism at different ages. The expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism was significantly different between the sexes in young and adult rat hearts. Adult male rats also showed higher expression of genes associated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex compared to females. In young and adult hearts, sexual dimorphism was not noted in genes encoding oxidative phosphorylation. In old rats, however, a majority of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation had higher expression in females compared to males. Such basal differences between the sexes in cardiac expression of genes associated with energy metabolism may indicate a likely involvement of mitochondria in susceptibility to CVDs. In addition, female rats showed lower expression levels of apoptotic genes in hearts compared to males at all ages, which may have implications for better preservation of cardiac mass in females than in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Vijay
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Tao Han
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Carrie L. Moland
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joshua C. Kwekel
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - James C. Fuscoe
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Varsha G. Desai
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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245
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Hatami S, Zavareh S, Salehnia M, Lashkarbolouki T, Ghorbanian MT, Karimi I. Total oxidative status of mouse vitrified pre-antral follicles with pre-treatment of alpha lipoic acid. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 18:181-8. [PMID: 24842145 PMCID: PMC4048483 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1258.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cryopreservation of pre-antral follicles is a hopeful technique to preserve female fertility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels of mouse vitrified pre-antral follicles in the presence of alpha lipoic acid (ALA). Methods: Isolated pre-antral follicles (140–150 µm in diameter) were divided into vitrified–warmed and fresh groups. Each group was subjected to in vitro maturation with or without ALA for 12 days, followed by adding human chronic gonadotropin to induce ovulation. In vitro fertilization was performed to evaluate their developmental competence. In parallel, the amount of ROS and TAC were assessed after 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of culture by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin assay and ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, respectively. Results: The respective rates of survival, antrum formation, and metaphase II oocytes were significantly higher in ALA-supplemented groups compared to the groups not treated with ALA. TAC and ROS levels were significantly decreased and increased, respectively during the culture period up to 96 h in the absence of ALA in both vitrified and non-vitrified samples. However, with pretreatment of ALA, TAC levels were increased significantly and remained constant up to 96 h in vitrified-warmed pre-antral follicles, while ROS levels completely returned to the level of starting point after 96 h of culture in the presence of ALA. Conclusion: Pretreatment of ALA positively influences development of pre-antral follicles in vitrified and non-vitrified samples through increasing follicular TAC level and decreasing ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hatami
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Zavareh
| | - Saeed Zavareh
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Zavareh.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Salehnia
- College of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Lashkarbolouki
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Zavareh.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Ghorbanian
- School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran. Zavareh.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Isaac Karimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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246
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Kitani T, Kami D, Kawasaki T, Nakata M, Matoba S, Gojo S. Direct human mitochondrial transfer: a novel concept based on the endosymbiotic theory. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1233-6. [PMID: 24815168 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in eukaryotes, and mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in several diseases. Therefore, intercellular mitochondrial transfer has been proposed as a mechanism for cell-based therapy. In addition, internalization of isolated mitochondria cells by simple coincubation was reported to improve mitochondrial function in the recipient cells. However, substantial evidence for internalization of isolated mitochondria is still lacking, and its precise mechanism remains elusive. We tested whether enriched mitochondria can be internalized into cultured human cells by simple coincubation using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Mitochondria were isolated from endometrial gland-derived mesenchymal cells (EMCs) or EMCs stably expressing mitochondrial-targeted red fluorescent protein (EMCs-DsRed-mito), and enriched by anti-mitochondrial antibody-conjugated microbeads. They were coincubated with isogeneic EMCs stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Live fluorescence imaging clearly showed that DsRed-labeled mitochondria accumulated in the cytoplasm of EMCs stably expressing GFP around the nucleus. Flow cytometry confirmed the presence of a distinct population of GFP and DsRed double-positive cells within the recipient cells. In addition, transfer efficiency depended on mitochondrial concentration, indicating that human cells may possess the inherent ability to internalize mitochondria. Therefore, this study supports the application of direct transfer of isogeneic mitochondria as a novel approach for the treatment of diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - D Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Kawasaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Nakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Attene-Ramos MS, Huang R, Michael S, Witt KL, Richard A, Tice RR, Simeonov A, Austin CP, Xia M. Profiling of the Tox21 chemical collection for mitochondrial function to identify compounds that acutely decrease mitochondrial membrane potential. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:49-56. [PMID: 25302578 PMCID: PMC4286281 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding whether different environmental chemicals and druglike molecules impact mitochondrial function represents an initial step in predicting exposure-related toxicity and defining a possible role for such compounds in the onset of various diseases. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify individual chemicals and general structural features associated with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). METHODS We used a multiplexed [two end points in one screen; MMP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content] quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) approach combined with informatics tools to screen the Tox21 library of 10,000 compounds (~ 8,300 unique chemicals) at 15 concentrations each in triplicate to identify chemicals and structural features that are associated with changes in MMP in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Approximately 11% of the compounds (913 unique compounds) decreased MMP after 1 hr of treatment without affecting cell viability (ATP content). In addition, 309 compounds decreased MMP over a concentration range that also produced measurable cytotoxicity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in MMP assay/IC50 in viability assay ≤ 3; p < 0.05]. More than 11% of the structural clusters that constitute the Tox21 library (76 of 651 clusters) were significantly enriched for compounds that decreased the MMP. CONCLUSIONS Our multiplexed qHTS approach allowed us to generate a robust and reliable data set to evaluate the ability of thousands of drugs and environmental compounds to decrease MMP. The use of structure-based clustering analysis allowed us to identify molecular features that are likely responsible for the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias S Attene-Ramos
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Pannala VR, Dash RK. Mechanistic characterization of the thioredoxin system in the removal of hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:42-55. [PMID: 25451645 PMCID: PMC4280359 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system, which consists of a family of proteins, including thioredoxin (Trx), peroxiredoxin (Prx), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), plays a critical role in the defense against oxidative stress by removing harmful hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Specifically, Trx donates electrons to Prx to remove H2O2 and then TrxR maintains the reduced Trx concentration with NADPH as the cofactor. Despite a great deal of kinetic information gathered on the removal of H2O2 by the Trx system from various sources/species, a mechanistic understanding of the associated enzymes is still not available. We address this issue by developing a thermodynamically consistent mathematical model of the Trx system which entails mechanistic details and provides quantitative insights into the kinetics of the TrxR and Prx enzymes. Consistent with experimental studies, the model analyses of the available data show that both enzymes operate by a ping-pong mechanism. The proposed mechanism for TrxR, which incorporates substrate inhibition by NADPH and intermediate protonation states, well describes the available data and accurately predicts the bell-shaped behavior of the effect of pH on the TrxR activity. Most importantly, the model also predicts the inhibitory effects of the reaction products (NADP(+) and Trx(SH)2) on the TrxR activity for which suitable experimental data are not available. The model analyses of the available data on the kinetics of Prx from mammalian sources reveal that Prx operates at very low H2O2 concentrations compared to their human parasite counterparts. Furthermore, the model is able to predict the dynamic overoxidation of Prx at high H2O2 concentrations, consistent with the available data. The integrated Prx-TrxR model simulations well describe the NADPH and H2O2 degradation dynamics and also show that the coupling of TrxR- and Prx-dependent reduction of H2O2 allowed ultrasensitive changes in the Trx concentration in response to changes in the TrxR concentration at high Prx concentrations. Thus, the model of this sort is very useful for integration into computational H2O2 degradation models to identify its role in physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Pannala
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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New insights into the chemical and biochemical basis of the "yang-invigorating" action of chinese yang-tonic herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:856273. [PMID: 25610483 PMCID: PMC4295141 DOI: 10.1155/2014/856273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the practice of traditional Chinese medicine, many Yang-tonic herbs have been used for retarding the decline in bodily function and delaying the onset of age-related diseases. Our earlier studies have demonstrated that Yang-invigorating herbs/formulations protect against oxidative injury in various organs and also extend the median lifespan in mice. This lifespan extension was associated with an upregulation of cellular antioxidant status including that of mitochondria whose functional capacity is also increased by “Yang-invigorating” herbs/formulations. In this paper, we propose that triterpenes and phytosterols, which are ubiquitously found in Yang-tonic herbs, may be the chemical entities responsible for enhancing mitochondrial functional and antioxidant capacity and thus the “Yang-invigorating” action. The biochemical mechanism underlying this “Yang-invigorating” action may involve a sustained production of low levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to an increased activity of the electron transport chain, with the possible involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling. The increase in mitochondrial functional capacity can retard the decline in bodily function during aging, whereas the mitochondrial ROS production is instrumental in eliciting a glutathione antioxidant response via redox-sensitive signaling pathways, which can delay the onset of age-related diseases.
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250
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He L, Lin W, Xu Q, Wei H. A unique type of pyrrole-based cyanine fluorophores with turn-on and ratiometric fluorescence signals at different pH regions for sensing pH in enzymes and living cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:22326-33. [PMID: 25408468 DOI: 10.1021/am506322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of new functional fluorescent dyes has attracted great attention. Herein we have described a novel strategy to design a unique type of cyanine dyes by attaching two indolium moieties at the α-positions of the pyrrole core. The new type of cyanine dyes is named as PyCy fluorophores. Importantly, PyCy dyes can exhibit an exceptional feature, fluorescence turn-on response at pH varying from acidic to near-neutral conditions, and a ratiometric fluorescence response at pH varying from near-neutral to basic conditions. By taking advantage of the fluorescence turn-on response of PyCy2 at pH varying from acidic to near-neutral conditions and emission properties of PyCy2, we have demonstrated that a small-molecule fluorescent probe can image pH variations in living cells. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that PyCy2 can sense real-time pH changes under alkaline conditions induced by enzymes based on the ratiometric fluorescence response of PyCy2 at pH varying from near-neutral to basic conditions. We expect that the new design strategy for PyCy fluorophores may prompt the development of a wide variety of cyanine derivatives with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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