201
|
Stanley A, Pedersen E, Brakebusch C, Quondamatteo F. Changes in dermal matrix in the absence of Rac1 in keratinocytes. J Anat 2016; 228:826-37. [PMID: 26889750 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes, in response to irritants, secrete pro-inflammatory mediators which recruit and activate immune and mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts, to repair the skin. Fibroblasts respond by synthesising collagen and promoting the crosslinking extracellular matrix (ECM). We recently showed that the deletion of Rac1 in keratinocytes causes heightened inflammation due to aberrant crosstalk with immune cells. Indeed, the skin of these mice shows a higher inflammatory response to the induction of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), and also even to treatment with a vehicle alone, compared with controls. As inflammation is intimately linked with fibrotic disease in the skin, this raised the question as to whether this deletion may also affect the deposition and arrangement of the dermal ECM. This study assessed the effects of Rac1 deletion in keratinocytes and of the heightened inflammatory status by induction of ICD on the tissue localisation and arrangements of dermal collagen. Qualitative analysis did not reveal evidence for the formation of pathologies in the dermis. However, quantitative analysis did reveal some perturbations in the dermal matrix, namely that only the combination of the lack of Rac1 and ICD affects the architectural organisation of the dermal collagen, and that a higher inflammatory state in the tissue (i.e. when Rac1 is deleted in the keratinocytes or ICD is induced in the skin, or a combination of both) influences the diameter of the collagen fibrils. It is proposed that this increase in the diameter of collagen fibrils due to inflammation may serve as pre-fibrotic marker enabling earlier determination of fibrosis and earlier treatment. This study has revealed previously unknown effects on the ECM due to the deletion of Rac1 in keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Stanley
- Skin and ECM Research Group, Anatomy NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
202
|
Krencik R, Hokanson KC, Narayan AR, Dvornik J, Rooney GE, Rauen KA, Weiss LA, Rowitch DH, Ullian EM. Dysregulation of astrocyte extracellular signaling in Costello syndrome. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:286ra66. [PMID: 25947161 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes produce an assortment of signals that promote neuronal maturation according to a precise developmental timeline. Is this orchestrated timing and signaling altered in human neurodevelopmental disorders? To address this question, the astroglial lineage was investigated in two model systems of a developmental disorder with intellectual disability caused by mutant Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) termed Costello syndrome: mutant HRAS human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and transgenic mice. Human iPSCs derived from patients with Costello syndrome differentiated to astroglia more rapidly in vitro than those derived from wild-type cell lines with normal HRAS, exhibited hyperplasia, and also generated an abundance of extracellular matrix remodeling factors and proteoglycans. Acute treatment with a farnesyl transferase inhibitor and knockdown of the transcription factor SNAI2 reduced expression of several proteoglycans in Costello syndrome iPSC-derived astrocytes. Similarly, mice in which mutant HRAS was expressed selectively in astrocytes exhibited experience-independent increased accumulation of perineuronal net proteoglycans in cortex, as well as increased parvalbumin expression in interneurons, when compared to wild-type mice. Our data indicate that astrocytes expressing mutant HRAS dysregulate cortical maturation during development as shown by abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling and implicate excessive astrocyte-to-neuron signaling as a possible drug target for treating mental impairment and enhancing neuroplasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krencik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenton C Hokanson
- Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aditi R Narayan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jill Dvornik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gemma E Rooney
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Luehders K, Sasai N, Davaapil H, Kurosawa-Yoshida M, Hiura H, Brah T, Ohnuma SI. The small leucine-rich repeat secreted protein Asporin induces eyes in Xenopus embryos through the IGF signalling pathway. Development 2016; 142:3351-61. [PMID: 26443635 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family proteins play important roles in a number of biological events. Here, we demonstrate that the SLRP family member Asporin (ASPN) plays a crucial role in the early stages of eye development in Xenopus embryos. During embryogenesis, ASPN is broadly expressed in the neuroectoderm of the embryo. Overexpression of ASPN causes the induction of ectopic eyes. By contrast, blocking ASPN function with a morpholino oligonucleotide (ASPN-MO) inhibits eye formation, indicating that ASPN is an essential factor for eye development. Detailed molecular analyses revealed that ASPN interacts with insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR) and is essential for activating the IGF receptor-mediated intracellular signalling pathway. Moreover, ASPN perturbed the Wnt, BMP and Activin signalling pathways, suggesting that ASPN thereby creates a favourable environment in which the IGF signal can dominate. ASPN is thus a novel secreted molecule essential for eye induction through the coordination of multiple signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Luehders
- Ocular Biology and Therapeutic unit (ORBIT), Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Ocular Biology and Therapeutic unit (ORBIT), Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hongorzul Davaapil
- Ocular Biology and Therapeutic unit (ORBIT), Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Maiko Kurosawa-Yoshida
- Department of Oncology, The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - Hitoshi Hiura
- Ocular Biology and Therapeutic unit (ORBIT), Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Tara Brah
- Ocular Biology and Therapeutic unit (ORBIT), Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- Ocular Biology and Therapeutic unit (ORBIT), Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK Department of Oncology, The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Dosio F, Arpicco S, Stella B, Fattal E. Hyaluronic acid for anticancer drug and nucleic acid delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:204-36. [PMID: 26592477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used in anticancer drug delivery, since it is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic; moreover, HA receptors are overexpressed on many tumor cells. Exploiting this ligand-receptor interaction, the use of HA is now a rapidly-growing platform for targeting CD44-overexpressing cells, to improve anticancer therapies. The rationale underlying approaches, chemical strategies, and recent advances in the use of HA to design drug carriers for delivering anticancer agents, are reviewed. Comprehensive descriptions are given of HA-based drug conjugates, particulate carriers (micelles, liposomes, nanoparticles, microparticles), inorganic nanostructures, and hydrogels, with particular emphasis on reports of preclinical/clinical results.
Collapse
|
205
|
Lian H, Zheng H. Signaling pathways regulating neuron-glia interaction and their implications in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2016; 136:475-91. [PMID: 26546579 PMCID: PMC4720533 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system. They play critical roles in neuronal homeostasis through their physical properties and neuron-glia signaling pathways. Astrocytes become reactive in response to neuronal injury and this process, referred to as reactive astrogliosis, is a common feature accompanying neurodegenerative conditions, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Reactive astrogliosis represents a continuum of pathobiological processes and is associated with morphological, functional, and gene expression changes of varying degrees. There has been a substantial growth of knowledge regarding the signaling pathways regulating glial biology and pathophysiology in recent years. Here, we attempt to provide an unbiased review of some of the well-known players, namely calcium, proteoglycan, transforming growth factor β, NFκB, and complement, in mediating neuron-glia interaction under physiological conditions as well as in Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses the role of astrocytic NFκB and calcium as well as astroglial secreted factors, including proteoglycans, TGFβ, and complement in mediating neuronal function and AD pathogenesis through direct interaction with neurons and through cooperation with microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lian
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, Xiamen University College of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Hinderer S, Layland SL, Schenke-Layland K. ECM and ECM-like materials - Biomaterials for applications in regenerative medicine and cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:260-9. [PMID: 26658243 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative strategies such as stem cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications are being developed with the aim to replace, remodel, regenerate or support damaged tissues and organs. In addition to careful cell type selection, the design of appropriate three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds is essential for the generation of bio-inspired replacement tissues. Such scaffolds are usually made of degradable or non-degradable biomaterials and can serve as cell or drug carriers. The development of more effective and efficient drug carrier systems is also highly relevant for novel cancer treatment strategies. In this review, we provide a summary of current approaches that employ ECM and ECM-like materials, or ECM-synthetic polymer hybrids, as biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine. We further discuss the utilization of such materials for cell and drug delivery, and highlight strategies for their use as vehicles for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
207
|
Hsueh MF, Khabut A, Kjellström S, Önnerfjord P, Kraus VB. Elucidating the Molecular Composition of Cartilage by Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:374-88. [PMID: 26632656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage consists of chondrocytes and two major components, a collagen-rich framework and highly abundant proteoglycans. Most prior studies defining the zonal distribution of cartilage have extracted proteins with guanidine-HCl. However, an unextracted collagen-rich residual is left after extraction. In addition, the high abundance of anionic polysaccharide molecules extracted from cartilage adversely affects the chromatographic separation. In this study, we established a method for removing chondrocytes from cartilage sections with minimal extracellular matrix protein loss. The addition of surfactant to guanidine-HCl extraction buffer improved protein solubility. Ultrafiltration removed interference from polysaccharides and salts. Almost four-times more collagen peptides were extracted by the in situ trypsin digestion method. However, as expected, proteoglycans were more abundant within the guanidine-HCl extraction. These different methods were used to extract cartilage sections from different cartilage layers (superficial, intermediate, and deep), joint types (knee and hip), and disease states (healthy and osteoarthritic), and the extractions were evaluated by quantitative and qualitative proteomic analyses. The results of this study led to the identifications of the potential biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA), OA progression, and the joint specific biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Hsueh
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Areej Khabut
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Kjellström
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, ‡Departments of Medicine, and §Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology and ¶Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University , SE 22184 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Abstract
Proteoglycans are proteins with pendant glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide side chains. The method described here enables the preparation of graft copolymers with glycosaminoglycan side chains, which mimic the structure and composition of proteoglycans. By controlling the stoichiometry, graft copolymers can be obtained with a wide range of glycosaminoglycan side-chain densities. The method presented here uses a three-step reaction mechanism to first functionalize a hyaluronic acid backbone, followed by reductive amination to couple the glycosaminoglycan side chain to the backbone, by the reducing end. Proteoglycan mimics like the ones proposed here could be used to study the structure-property relationships of proteoglycans and to introduce the biochemical and biomechanical properties of proteoglycans into biomaterials and therapeutic formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Kipper
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526-1370, USA.
| | - Laura W Place
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526-1370, USA
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Sepuru KM, Rajarathnam K. CXCL1/MGSA Is a Novel Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding Chemokine: STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE FOR TWO DISTINCT NON-OVERLAPPING BINDING DOMAINS. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4247-55. [PMID: 26721883 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the chemokine CXCL1/MGSA (hCXCL1) plays fundamental and diverse roles in pathophysiology, from microbial killing to cancer progression, by orchestrating the directed migration of immune and non-immune cells. Cellular trafficking is highly regulated and requires concentration gradients that are achieved by interactions with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). However, very little is known regarding the structural basis underlying hCXCL1-GAG interactions. We addressed this by characterizing the binding of GAG heparin oligosaccharides to hCXCL1 using NMR spectroscopy. Binding experiments under conditions at which hCXCL1 exists as monomers and dimers indicate that the dimer is the high-affinity GAG ligand. NMR experiments and modeling studies indicate that lysine and arginine residues mediate binding and that they are located in two non-overlapping domains. One domain, consisting of N-loop and C-helical residues (defined as α-domain) has also been identified previously as the GAG-binding domain for the related chemokine CXCL8/IL-8. The second domain, consisting of residues from the N terminus, 40s turn, and third β-strand (defined as β-domain) is novel. Eliminating β-domain binding by mutagenesis does not perturb α-domain binding, indicating two independent GAG-binding sites. It is known that N-loop and N-terminal residues mediate receptor activation, and we show that these residues are also involved in extensive GAG interactions. We also show that the GAG-bound hCXCL1 completely occlude receptor binding. We conclude that hCXCL1-GAG interactions provide stringent control over regulating chemokine levels and receptor accessibility and activation, and that chemotactic gradients mediate cellular trafficking to the target site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Krishna Rajarathnam
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
The Caenorhabditis elegans Ephrin EFN-4 Functions Non-cell Autonomously with Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans to Promote Axon Outgrowth and Branching. Genetics 2015; 202:639-60. [PMID: 26645816 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.185298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eph receptors and their cognate ephrin ligands play key roles in many aspects of nervous system development. These interactions typically occur within an individual tissue type, serving either to guide axons to their terminal targets or to define boundaries between the rhombomeres of the hindbrain. We have identified a novel role for the Caenorhabditis elegans ephrin EFN-4 in promoting primary neurite outgrowth in AIY interneurons and D-class motor neurons. Rescue experiments reveal that EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously in the epidermis to promote primary neurite outgrowth. We also find that EFN-4 plays a role in promoting ectopic axon branching in a C. elegans model of X-linked Kallmann syndrome. In this context, EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously in the body-wall muscle and in parallel with HS modification genes and HSPG core proteins. This is the first report of an epidermal ephrin providing a developmental cue to the nervous system.
Collapse
|
211
|
Freeman R, Boekhoven J, Dickerson MB, Naik RR, Stupp SI. Biopolymers and supramolecular polymers as biomaterials for biomedical applications. MRS BULLETIN 2015; 40:1089-1101. [PMID: 26989295 PMCID: PMC4790466 DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2015.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein- and peptide-based structural biopolymers are abundant building blocks of biological systems. Either in their natural forms, such as collagen, silk or fibronectin, or as related synthetic materials they can be used in various technologies. An emerging area is that of biomimetic materials inspired by protein-based biopolymers, which are made up of small molecules rather than macromolecules and can therefore be described as supramolecular polymers. These materials are very useful in biomedical applications because of their ability to imitate the extracellular matrix both in architecture and their capacity to signal cells. This article describes important features of the natural extracellular matrix and highlight how these features are being incorporated into biomaterials composed of biopolymers and supramolecular polymers. We particularly focus on the structures, properties, and functions of collagen, fibronectin, silk, and the supramolecular polymers inspired by them as biomaterials for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Freeman
- Simpson Querrey Institute of BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Simpson Querrey Institute of BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew B Dickerson
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7702
| | - Rajesh R Naik
- 711 Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7702
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute of BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Departments of Materials and Science & Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Shawky MS, Ricciardelli C, Lord M, Whitelock J, Ferro V, Britt K, Thompson EW. Proteoglycans: Potential Agents in Mammographic Density and the Associated Breast Cancer Risk. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2015; 20:121-31. [PMID: 26501889 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although increased mammographic density (MD) has been well established as a marker for increased breast cancer (BC) risk, its pathobiology is far from understood. Altered proteoglycan (PG) composition may underpin the physical properties of MD, and may contribute to the associated increase in BC risk. Numerous studies have investigated PGs, which are a major stromal matrix component, in relation to MD and BC and reported results that are sometimes discordant. Our review summarises these results and highlights discrepancies between PG associations with BC and MD, thus serving as a guide for identifying PGs that warrant further research towards developing chemo-preventive or therapeutic agents targeting preinvasive or invasive breast lesions, respectively.
Collapse
|
213
|
Martin-Rojas T, Mourino-Alvarez L, Alonso-Orgaz S, Rosello-Lleti E, Calvo E, Lopez-Almodovar LF, Rivera M, Padial LR, Lopez JA, de la Cuesta F, Barderas MG. iTRAQ proteomic analysis of extracellular matrix remodeling in aortic valve disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17290. [PMID: 26620461 PMCID: PMC4664895 DOI: 10.1038/srep17290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common worldwide cause of valve replacement. The aortic valve is a thin, complex, layered connective tissue with compartmentalized extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by specialized cell types, which directs blood flow in one direction through the heart. There is evidence suggesting remodeling of such ECM during aortic stenosis development. Thus, a better characterization of the role of ECM proteins in this disease would increase our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Aortic valve samples were collected from 18 patients which underwent aortic valve replacement (50% males, mean age of 74 years) and 18 normal control valves were obtained from necropsies (40% males, mean age of 69 years). The proteome of the samples was analyzed by 2D-LC MS/MS iTRAQ methodology. The results showed an altered expression of 13 ECM proteins of which 3 (biglycan, periostin, prolargin) were validated by Western blotting and/or SRM analyses. These findings are substantiated by our previous results demonstrating differential ECM protein expression. The present study has demonstrated a differential ECM protein pattern in individuals with AS, therefore supporting previous evidence of a dynamic ECM remodeling in human aortic valves during AS development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Martin-Rojas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso-Orgaz
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Esther Rosello-Lleti
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Rivera
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis R Padial
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Fernando de la Cuesta
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Maria G Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Donejko M, Przylipiak A, Rysiak E, Miltyk W, Galicka E, Przylipiak J, Zaręba I, Surazynski A. Hyaluronic acid abrogates ethanol-dependent inhibition of collagen biosynthesis in cultured human fibroblasts. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:6225-33. [PMID: 26648698 PMCID: PMC4664499 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol on collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts, and the role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in this process. Regarding the mechanism of ethanol action on human skin fibroblasts we investigated: expression of β1 integrin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR), signaling pathway protein expression: mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor, cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis, metalloproteinase activity, as well as the influence of HA on these processes. Materials and methods Collagen biosynthesis, activity of prolidase, DNA biosynthesis, and cytotoxicity were measured in confluent human skin fibroblast cultures that have been treated with 25, 50, and 100 mM ethanol and with ethanol and 500 µg/mL HA. Western blot analysis and zymography were performed to evaluate expression of collagen type I, β1 integrin receptor, IGF-IR, NF-κB protein, phospho-Akt protein, kinase MAPK, caspase 9 activity, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9 and MMP-2). Results Ethanol in a dose-dependent manner lead to the impairment of collagen biosynthesis in fibroblast cultures through decreasing prolidase activity and expression of β1 integrin and IGF-IR. This was accompanied by an increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis and lowered expression of the signaling pathway proteins induced by β1 integrin and IGF-IR, that is, MAPK (ERK1/2) kinases. The lowered amount of synthesized collagen and prolidase activity disturbance may also be due to the activation of NF-κB transcription factor, which inhibits collagen gene expression. It suggests that the decrease in fibroblast collagen production may be caused by the disturbance in its biosynthesis but not degradation. The application of HA has a protective effect on disturbances caused by the examined substances. It seems that regulatory mechanism of ethanol-induced collagen aberration take place at the level of collagen biosynthesis, since no effect of ethanol and HA was found on process of collagen degradation by MMP-2 and MMP-9. Conclusion This study provides evidence that ethanol impairs collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblasts, leading to a significant decrease in the amount of produced protein. This mechanism probably is due to downregulation of prolidase activity, expression of β1 integrin and IGF-IR receptors, and the signaling pathway proteins induced by these receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Donejko
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przylipiak
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Edyta Rysiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Galicka
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Ilona Zaręba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surazynski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Gao R, Cao C, Zhang M, Lopez MC, Yan Y, Chen Z, Mitani Y, Zhang L, Zajac-Kaye M, Liu B, Wu L, Renne R, Baker HV, El-Naggar A, Kaye FJ. A unifying gene signature for adenoid cystic cancer identifies parallel MYB-dependent and MYB-independent therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12528-42. [PMID: 25587024 PMCID: PMC4350357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB activation is proposed to underlie development of adenoid cystic cancer (ACC), an aggressive salivary gland tumor with no effective systemic treatments. To discover druggable targets for ACC, we performed global mRNA/miRNA analyses of 12 ACC with matched normal tissues, and compared these data with 14 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) and 11 salivary adenocarcinomas (ADC). We detected a unique ACC gene signature of 1160 mRNAs and 22 miRNAs. MYB was the top-scoring gene (18-fold induction), however we observed the same signature in ACC without detectable MYB gene rearrangements. We also found 4 ACC tumors (1 among our 12 cases and 3 from public databases) with negligible MYB expression that retained the same ACC mRNA signature including over-expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes. Integration of this signature with somatic mutational analyses suggests that NOTCH1 and RUNX1 participate with MYB to activate ECM elements including the VCAN/HAPLN1 complex. We observed that forced MYB-NFIB expression in human salivary gland cells alters cell morphology and cell adhesion in vitro and depletion of VCAN blocked tumor cell growth of a short-term ACC tumor culture. In summary, we identified a unique ACC signature with parallel MYB-dependent and independent biomarkers and identified VCAN/HAPLN1 complexes as a potential target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruli Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chunxia Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria-Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zirong Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lizi Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rolf Renne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adel El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederic J Kaye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Eixelsberger T, Weber H, Nidetzky B. Probing of the reaction pathway of human UDP-xylose synthase with site-directed mutagenesis. Carbohydr Res 2015; 416:1-6. [PMID: 26342152 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-xylose (UDP-Xyl) synthase (UXS) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) to UDP-Xyl. The closely related UDP-glucuronic acid 4-epimerase (UGAE) interconverts UDP-GlcUA and UDP-galacturonic acid (UDP-GalUA) in a highly similar manner via the intermediate UDP-xylo-hexopyranos-4-uluronic acid (UDP-4-keto-GlcUA). Unlike UXS, however, UGAE prevents the decarboxylation. Human UXS (hUXS) and UGAE from Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit high structural similarity in the active site, but two catalytically important residues in hUXS (Glu(120) and Arg(277)) are replaced by Ser and Thr in the UGAE group. Additionally, Asn(176), which participates in substrate binding, is changed to Thr. We therefore analyzed single, double and triple mutants of hUXS carrying these substitutions to evaluate their significance for product specificity. All mutants showed considerably lower activities than wild-type hUXS (>1000-fold reduction). NMR spectroscopic analysis of the reaction products showed that UDP-β-L-threo-pentopyranos-4-ulose (UDP-4-keto-Xyl), UDP-Xyl or both, but no UDP-GalUA or UDP-4-keto-GlcUA were formed. Correlation of product characteristics, such as deuterium incorporation, with the amino acid replacements gave insights into structure-function relationships in UXS, suggesting that interaction between active site and overall enzyme structure rather than distinct conserved residues are decisive for product formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eixelsberger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Ventura RD, Padalhin AR, Min YK, Lee BT. Bone Regeneration Using Hydroxyapatite Sponge Scaffolds with In Vivo Deposited Extracellular Matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2649-61. [PMID: 26228909 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently an increased interest in studying the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its potential applications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The ECM plays an important role by providing adhesive substrates to cells during migration, morphogenesis, differentiation, and homeostasis by signaling biochemical and biomechanical cues to cells. In this study, the ECM was incorporated into hydroxyapatite by implanting sponge replica scaffolds in subcutaneous pockets in rats, and the implants were tested for bone regeneration potential. The resulting scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, DNA and RNA quantification, tissue staining, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, compressive strength testing, porosity, and pore size distribution analysis using bare scaffolds as a control reference. Biocompatibility was assessed using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and in vivo studies were carried out by implanting decellularized scaffolds in 11 mm radial defects in New Zealand rabbits for 4 and 8 weeks to determine the effect of the in vivo deposited ECM. Material characterization indicated that a 2-week decellularized scaffold was the best among the samples, with an evenly distributed ECM visible on hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections, a compressive strength of 2.53 ± 0.68 MPa, a porosity of 58.08 ± 3.32% and a pore size distribution range of 10-150 μm. In vivo results showed no severe inflammation, with increased cell infiltration followed by dense matrix deposition after 4 weeks and new bone formation at 8 weeks. The results indicate that incorporation of an in vivo deposited ECM into ceramic scaffolds can potentially improve bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiza Dolendo Ventura
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Reyes Padalhin
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Min
- 2 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,3 Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,3 Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Gkretsi V, Stylianou A, Papageorgis P, Polydorou C, Stylianopoulos T. Remodeling Components of the Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:214. [PMID: 26528429 PMCID: PMC4604307 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumor pathophysiology is characterized by an abnormal microenvironment that guides tumor progression and poses barriers to the efficacy of cancer therapies. Most common among tumor types are abnormalities in the structure of the tumor vasculature and stroma. Remodeling the tumor microenvironment with the aim to normalize any aberrant properties has the potential to improve therapy. In this review, we discuss structural abnormalities of the tumor microenvironment and summarize the therapeutic strategies that have been developed to normalize tumors as well as their potential to enhance therapy. Finally, we present different in vitro models that have been developed to analyze and better understand the effects of the tumor microenvironment on cancer cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus ; Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus
| | - Christiana Polydorou
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus , Nicosia , Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Jhala D, Vasita R. A Review on Extracellular Matrix Mimicking Strategies for an Artificial Stem Cell Niche. POLYM REV 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
220
|
Yang C, Fischer-Kešo R, Schlechter T, Ströbel P, Marx A, Hofmann I. Plakophilin 1-deficient cells upregulate SPOCK1: implications for prostate cancer progression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9567-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
221
|
Kuroda K, Okumura K, Isogai H, Isogai E. The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 and Mimics are Potential Anticancer Drugs. Front Oncol 2015; 5:144. [PMID: 26175965 PMCID: PMC4485164 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a critical role in innate host defense against microbial pathogens in many organisms. The human cathelicidin, LL-37, has a net positive charge and is amphiphilic, and can eliminate pathogenic microbes directly via electrostatic attraction toward negatively charged bacterial membranes. A number of studies have shown that LL-37 participates in various host immune systems, such as inflammatory responses and tissue repair, in addition to its antibacterial properties. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that it is also involved in the regulation of cancer. Indeed, previous studies have suggested that human LL-37 is involved in carcinogenesis via multiple reporters, such as FPR2 (FPRL1), epidermal growth factor receptor, and ERBb2, although LL-37 and its fragments and analogs also show anticancer effects in various cancer cell lines. This discrepancy can be attributed to peptide-based factors, host membrane-based factors, and signal regulation. Here, we describe the association between AMPs and cancer with a focus on anticancer peptide functions and selectivity in an effort to understand potential therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kuroda
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Okumura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Isogai
- Animal Research Center, Sapporo Medical University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Rønning SB, Carlson CR, Stang E, Kolset SO, Hollung K, Pedersen ME. Syndecan-4 Regulates Muscle Differentiation and Is Internalized from the Plasma Membrane during Myogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129288. [PMID: 26068620 PMCID: PMC4467083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-4 has been reported to be crucial for muscle differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms still remain to be fully understood. During in vitro differentiation of bovine muscle cells immunocytochemical analyses showed strong labelling of syndecan-4 intracellularly, in close proximity with Golgi structures, in membranes of intracellular vesicles and finally, in the nuclear area including the nuclear envelope. Chase experiments showed that syndecan-4 was internalized from the plasma membrane during this process. Furthermore, when syndecan-4 was knocked down by siRNA more myotubes were formed, and the expression of myogenic transcription factors, β1-integrin and actin was influenced. However, when bovine muscle cells were treated with a cell-penetrating peptide containing the cytoplasmic region of syndecan-4, myoblast fusion and thus myotube formation was blocked, both in normal cells and in syndecan-4 knock down cells. Altogether this suggests that the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 is important in regulation of myogenesis. The internalization of syndecan-4 from the plasma membrane during muscle differentiation and the nuclear localization of syndecan-4 in differentiated muscle cells may be part of this regulation, and is a novel aspect of syndecan biology which merits further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathrine R. Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Stang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein O. Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
223
|
Jacob RS, Ghosh D, Singh PK, Basu SK, Jha NN, Das S, Sukul PK, Patil S, Sathaye S, Kumar A, Chowdhury A, Malik S, Sen S, Maji SK. Self healing hydrogels composed of amyloid nano fibrils for cell culture and stem cell differentiation. Biomaterials 2015; 54:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
224
|
Hyaluronan based hydrogels provide an improved model to study megakaryocyte-matrix interactions. Exp Cell Res 2015; 346:1-8. [PMID: 26027944 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosamminoglican involved in cell biology as well as a relevant polymer for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Megakaryocytes (Mks) are immersed in a mesh of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that regulate their maturation in the bone marrow (BM) and the release of platelets into the bloodstream. While fibrous ECMs such as collagens and fibronectin have been demonstrated to differently regulate Mk function and platelet release, the role of HA, that fills the majority of the BM extracellular interstitial space, has not been investigated so far. Here we demonstrated that, although human Mks express HA receptors, they are not affected by HA in terms of in vitro differentiation, maturation and platelet formation. Importantly, chemical properties of HA were exploited to generate hydrogels with entrapped ECMs that represent a useful model to more closely mimic the tridimensional characteristics of the BM environment for studying Mk function. In conclusion, in this work we demonstrated that HA is an ideal candidate for a 3D ex vivo model of human BM ECM component environment.
Collapse
|
225
|
Ahn S, Deravi LF, Park SJ, Dabiri BE, Kim JS, Parker KK, Shin K. Self-organizing large-scale extracellular-matrix protein networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2838-2845. [PMID: 25833069 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungkuk Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
226
|
Quttainah M, Al-Hejailan R, Saleh S, Parhar R, Conca W, Bulwer B, Moorjani N, Catarino P, Elsayed R, Shoukri M, AlJufan M, AlShahid M, Ouban A, Al-Halees Z, Westaby S, Collison K, Al-Mohanna F. Progression of matrixin and cardiokine expression patterns in an ovine model of heart failure and recovery. Int J Cardiol 2015; 186:77-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
227
|
Binsker U, Kohler TP, Krauel K, Kohler S, Schwertz H, Hammerschmidt S. Pneumococcal Adhesins PavB and PspC Are Important for the Interplay with Human Thrombospondin-1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14542-55. [PMID: 25897078 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human matricellular glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 (hTSP-1) is released by activated platelets and mediates adhesion of Gram-positive bacteria to various host cells. In staphylococci, the adhesins extracellular adherence protein (Eap) and autolysin (Atl), both surface-exposed proteins containing repeating structures, were shown to be involved in the acquisition of hTSP-1 to the bacterial surface. The interaction partner(s) on the pneumococcal surface was hitherto unknown. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that pneumococcal adherence and virulence factor B (PavB) and pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) are key players for the interaction of Streptococcus pneumoniae with matricellular hTSP-1. PavB and PspC are pneumococcal surface-exposed adhesins and virulence factors exhibiting repetitive sequences in their core structure. Heterologously expressed fragments of PavB and PspC containing repetitive structures exhibit hTSP-1 binding activity as shown by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance studies. Binding of hTSP-1 is charge-dependent and inhibited by heparin. Importantly, the deficiency in PavB and PspC reduces the recruitment of soluble hTSP-1 by pneumococci and decreases hTSP-1-mediated pneumococcal adherence to human epithelial cells. Platelet activation assays suggested that PavB and PspC are not involved in the activation of purified human platelets by pneumococci. In conclusion, this study indicates a pivotal role of PavB and PspC for pneumococcal recruitment of soluble hTSP-1 to the bacterial surface and binding of pneumococci to host cell-bound hTSP-1 during adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Binsker
- From the Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany and
| | - Thomas P Kohler
- From the Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany and
| | - Krystin Krauel
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kohler
- From the Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany and
| | - Hansjörg Schwertz
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- From the Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany and
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Kouvidi K, Nikitovic D, Berdiaki A, Tzanakakis GN. Hyaluronan/RHAMM interactions in mesenchymal tumor pathogenesis: role of growth factors. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 123:319-49. [PMID: 25081535 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800092-2.00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosarcoma belongs to the sarcoma cancer group, which are spindle cell malignancies of mesenchymal origin, and owe their name to the predominant cell line that is present within the tumor. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complicated structure that surrounds and supports cells within tissues. Its main components are proteoglycans, collagens, glycoproteins, hyaluronan (HA), and several matrix-degrading enzymes. During cancer progression, significant changes can be observed in the structural and mechanical properties of ECM components. The ECM provides a physical scaffold to which tumor cells attach and migrate. Thus, it is required for key cellular events such as cell motility, adhesion, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Importantly, fibrosarcomas were shown to have a high content and turnover of ECM components including HA, proteoglycans, collagens, fibronectin, and laminin. In this review, we will focus on the HA component of fibrosarcoma ECM and critically discuss its role and involved mechanisms during fibrosarcoma pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kouvidi
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Reinhard J, Joachim SC, Faissner A. Extracellular matrix remodeling during retinal development. Exp Eye Res 2015; 133:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
230
|
Ishikawa M, Sawada Y, Yoshitomi T. Structure and function of the interphotoreceptor matrix surrounding retinal photoreceptor cells. Exp Eye Res 2015; 133:3-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
231
|
Theocharis AD, Skandalis SS, Neill T, Multhaupt HAB, Hubo M, Frey H, Gopal S, Gomes A, Afratis N, Lim HC, Couchman JR, Filmus J, Sanderson RD, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV, Karamanos NK. Insights into the key roles of proteoglycans in breast cancer biology and translational medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:276-300. [PMID: 25829250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans control numerous normal and pathological processes, among which are morphogenesis, tissue repair, inflammation, vascularization and cancer metastasis. During tumor development and growth, proteoglycan expression is markedly modified in the tumor microenvironment. Altered expression of proteoglycans on tumor and stromal cell membranes affects cancer cell signaling, growth and survival, cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Despite the high complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer, the rapid evolution in our knowledge that proteoglycans are among the key players in the breast tumor microenvironment suggests their potential as pharmacological targets in this type of cancer. It has been recently suggested that pharmacological treatment may target proteoglycan metabolism, their utilization as targets for immunotherapy or their direct use as therapeutic agents. The diversity inherent in the proteoglycans that will be presented herein provides the potential for multiple layers of regulation of breast tumor behavior. This review summarizes recent developments concerning the biology of selected proteoglycans in breast cancer, and presents potential targeted therapeutic approaches based on their novel key roles in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hinke A B Multhaupt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Hubo
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Helena Frey
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Sandeep Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angélica Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos Afratis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1720 2nd Ave. S, WTI 602B, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- University of Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Benarroch EE. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Regulation, effects, and potential clinical relevance. Neurology 2015; 85:1417-27. [PMID: 25817841 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
233
|
Abstract
In this special issue of Matrix Biology centered on proteoglycan biology we have assembled a blend of articles focused on the state-of-the-art of proteoglycanology. The field has greatly expanded in the past three decades and now encompasses all the areas of biology. This special issue is divided into five chapters describing hyaluronan metabolism, biosynthetic and catabolic pathways of proteoglycans and their roles in inflammation, cancer, repair and development. We hope that the new original work and the reviews from recognized leaders will stimulate investigations in this exciting and fertile field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Haus 74, Z. 3.108a, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Faria-Oliveira F, Carvalho J, Belmiro CLR, Ramalho G, Pavão M, Lucas C, Ferreira C. Elemental biochemical analysis of the polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:685-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Faria-Oliveira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Portugal
| | - Celso LR Belmiro
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Campus of Macaé RJ Brazil
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology; Institute of Medical Biochemistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; RJ Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ramalho
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology; Institute of Medical Biochemistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; RJ Brazil
| | - Mauro Pavão
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology; Institute of Medical Biochemistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; RJ Brazil
| | - Cândida Lucas
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Portugal
| | - Célia Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Kalbitzer L, Franke K, Möller S, Schnabelrauch M, Pompe T. Glycosaminoglycan functionalization of mechanically and topologically defined collagen I matrices. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8902-8910. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01737h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A sequential preparation approach provides the option to functionalize collagen I networks with glycosaminoglycans independently of network topology and mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Kalbitzer
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biosciences
- Pharmacy and Psychology
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
| | - Katja Franke
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biosciences
- Pharmacy and Psychology
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
| | | | | | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biosciences
- Pharmacy and Psychology
- Universität Leipzig
- Leipzig 04103
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Abstract
The biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) dictate tissue-specific cell behaviour. The molecules that are associated with the ECM of each tissue, including collagens, proteoglycans, laminins and fibronectin, and the manner in which they are assembled determine the structure and the organization of the resultant ECM. The product is a specific ECM signature that is comprised of unique compositional and topographical features that both reflect and facilitate the functional requirements of the tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna K Mouw
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Guanqing Ou
- 1] Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco. [2] University of California San Francisco and University of California Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- 1] Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco. [2] Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco. [3] Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. [4] Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco. [5] UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Extracellular matrix assembly: a multiscale deconstruction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014. [PMID: 25370693 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3902 10.1038/nrm3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) dictate tissue-specific cell behaviour. The molecules that are associated with the ECM of each tissue, including collagens, proteoglycans, laminins and fibronectin, and the manner in which they are assembled determine the structure and the organization of the resultant ECM. The product is a specific ECM signature that is comprised of unique compositional and topographical features that both reflect and facilitate the functional requirements of the tissue.
Collapse
|
238
|
Abstract
The biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) dictate tissue-specific cell behaviour. The molecules that are associated with the ECM of each tissue, including collagens, proteoglycans, laminins and fibronectin, and the manner in which they are assembled determine the structure and the organization of the resultant ECM. The product is a specific ECM signature that is comprised of unique compositional and topographical features that both reflect and facilitate the functional requirements of the tissue.
Collapse
|
239
|
Faria-Oliveira F, Carvalho J, Belmiro CLR, Martinez-Gomariz M, Hernaez ML, Pavão M, Gil C, Lucas C, Ferreira C. Methodologies to generate, extract, purify and fractionate yeast ECM for analytical use in proteomics and glycomics. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:244. [PMID: 25344425 PMCID: PMC4219020 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. At the same time it plays crucial roles in cellular communication and signalling, with implications in spatial organisation, motility and differentiation. Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. However, the roles and composition of this microbial ECM are still poorly understood. RESULTS This work presents a protocol to produce S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM in an equally highly reproducible manner. Additionally, methodologies for the extraction and fractionation into protein and glycosidic analytical pure fractions were improved. These were subjected to analytical procedures, respectively SDS-PAGE, 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS, and DAE and FPLC. Additional chemical methods were also used to test for uronic acids and sulphation. CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. yECM from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans displayed a different proteome and glycoside fractions. S. cerevisiae yECM presented two well-defined polysaccharides with different mass/charge, and C. albicans ECM presented a single different one. The chemical methods further suggested the presence of uronic acids, and chemical modification, possibly through sulphate substitution. All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Faria-Oliveira
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Joana Carvalho
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Celso L R Belmiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro/ Polo de Macaé, Macaé, Brazil.
| | - Montserrat Martinez-Gomariz
- Unidad de Proteómica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Parque Científico de Madrid UCM-PCM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Luisa Hernaez
- Unidad de Proteómica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Parque Científico de Madrid UCM-PCM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mauro Pavão
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Concha Gil
- Unidad de Proteómica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Parque Científico de Madrid UCM-PCM), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Microbiología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cândida Lucas
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Célia Ferreira
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Surface glycosaminoglycans protect eukaryotic cells against membrane-driven peptide bacteriocins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:677-81. [PMID: 25331698 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04427-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic elimination of surface glycosaminoglycans or inhibition of their sulfation provokes sensitizing of HT-29 and HeLa cells toward the peptide bacteriocins nisin A, plantaricin C, and pediocin PA-1/AcH. The effect can be partially reversed by heparin, which also lowers the susceptibility of Lactococcus lactis to nisin A. These data indicate that the negative charge of the glycosaminoglycan sulfate residues binds the positively charged bacteriocins, thus protecting eukaryotic cells from plasma membrane damage.
Collapse
|
241
|
Maridonneau-Parini I. Control of macrophage 3D migration: a therapeutic challenge to limit tissue infiltration. Immunol Rev 2014; 262:216-31. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- CNRS UMR 5089; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Donejko M, Przylipiak A, Rysiak E, Głuszuk K, Surażyński A. Influence of caffeine and hyaluronic acid on collagen biosynthesis in human skin fibroblasts. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1923-8. [PMID: 25342885 PMCID: PMC4206198 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s69791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caffeine on collagen biosynthesis in human skin fibroblasts and the influence of hyaluronic acid (HA) on this process. Materials and methods Collagen, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and prolidase activity were measured in confluent human skin fibroblast cultures that had been treated with 1, 2, and 5 mM caffeine and with caffeine and 500 μg/mL HA. Western immunoblot analysis was performed to evaluate expression of β1-integrin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor phospho-Akt protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase (phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Results Caffeine inhibited collagen biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of this process was found at the level of prolidase activity. Caffeine significantly inhibited the enzyme activity. The addition of HA had no effect on collagen biosynthesis or prolidase activity in fibroblasts incubated with caffeine. Caffeine also had an inhibitory effect on DNA biosynthesis. HA, however, did not have any significant effect on this process. The inhibition of the expression of β1-integrin and insulin-like growth factor receptor in fibroblasts incubated with the caffeine indicates a possible mechanism of inhibition of collagen biosynthesis. Conclusion Caffeine reduces collagen synthesis in human cultured skin fibroblasts. HA did not have any significant protective effect on this process. This is the first study to our knowledge that reports caffeine-induced inhibition of collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Donejko
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przylipiak
- Department of Esthetic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Edyta Rysiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głuszuk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Benny P, Badowski C, Lane EB, Raghunath M. Making more matrix: enhancing the deposition of dermal-epidermal junction components in vitro and accelerating organotypic skin culture development, using macromolecular crowding. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:183-92. [PMID: 25058150 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the most accessible tissues for experimental biomedical sciences, and cultured skin cells represent one of the longest-running clinical applications of stem cell therapy. However, culture-generated skin mimetic multicellular structures are still limited in their application by the time taken to develop these constructs in vitro and by their incomplete differentiation. The development of a functional dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) is one of the most sought after aspects of cultured skin, and one of the hardest to recreate in vitro. At the DEJ, dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes interact to form an interlinked basement membrane of extracellular matrix (ECM), which forms as a concerted action of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Successful formation of this basement membrane is essential for take and stability of cultured skin autografts. We studied interactive matrix production by monocultures and cocultures of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in an attempt to improve the efficiency of basement membrane production in culture using mixed macromolecular crowding (mMMC); resulting ECM were enriched with the deposition of collagens I, IV, fibronectin, and laminin 332 (laminin 5) and also in collagen VII, the anchoring fibril component. Our in vitro data point to fibroblasts, rather than keratinocytes, as the major cellular contributors of the DEJ. Not only did we find more collagen VII production and deposition by fibroblasts in comparison to keratinocytes, but also observed that decellularized fibroblast ECM stimulated the production and deposition of collagen VII by keratinocytes, over and above that of keratinocyte monocultures. In confrontation cultures, keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed spontaneous segregation and demarcation of cell boundaries by DEJ protein deposition. Finally, mMMC was used in a classical organotypic coculture protocol with keratinocytes seeded over fibroblast-containing collagen gels. Applied during the submerged phase, mMMC was sufficient to accelerate the emergence of collagen VII along the de novo DEJ, together with stronger transglutaminase activity in the neoepidermis. Our findings corroborate the role of fibroblasts as important players in producing collagen VII and inducing collagen VII deposition in the DEJ, and that macromolecular crowding leads to organotypic epidermal differentiation in tissue culture in a significantly condensed time frame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Benny
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Place LW, Kelly SM, Kipper MJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Proteoglycan-Mimetic Graft Copolymers with Tunable Glycosaminoglycan Density. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3772-80. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Place
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sean M. Kelly
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Matt J. Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. Glycoconj J 2014; 31:593-602. [PMID: 25218438 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. GAGs are also critically important in the developmental biology of all multicellular animals. GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results of these analyses showed that all four families of GAGs were detected in all egg components. Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. Chondroitin sulfates were much more plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane. Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. Eggs might provide a potential new source of GAGs.
Collapse
|
246
|
Ciuciu AI, Cywiński PJ. Two-photon polymerization of hydrogels – versatile solutions to fabricate well-defined 3D structures. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
247
|
Gaudet AD, Popovich PG. Extracellular matrix regulation of inflammation in the healthy and injured spinal cord. Exp Neurol 2014; 258:24-34. [PMID: 25017885 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the body, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structure and organization to tissues and also helps regulate cell migration and intercellular communication. In the injured spinal cord (or brain), changes in the composition and structure of the ECM undoubtedly contribute to regeneration failure. Less appreciated is how the native and injured ECM influences intraspinal inflammation and, conversely, how neuroinflammation affects the synthesis and deposition of ECM after CNS injury. In all tissues, inflammation can be initiated and propagated by ECM disruption. Molecules of ECM newly liberated by injury or inflammation include hyaluronan fragments, tenascins, and sulfated proteoglycans. These act as "damage-associated molecular patterns" or "alarmins", i.e., endogenous proteins that trigger and subsequently amplify inflammation. Activated inflammatory cells, in turn, further damage the ECM by releasing degradative enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). After spinal cord injury (SCI), destabilization or alteration of the structural and chemical compositions of the ECM affects migration, communication, and survival of all cells - neural and non-neural - that are critical for spinal cord repair. By stabilizing ECM structure or modifying their ability to trigger the degradative effects of inflammation, it may be possible to create an environment that is more conducive to tissue repair and axon plasticity after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Gaudet
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 670 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 670 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Quantitative proteomics at different depths in human articular cartilage reveals unique patterns of protein distribution. Matrix Biol 2014; 40:34-45. [PMID: 25193283 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The articular cartilage of synovial joints ensures friction-free mobility and attenuates mechanical impact on the joint during movement. These functions are mediated by the complex network of extracellular molecules characteristic for articular cartilage. Zonal differences in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are well recognized. However, knowledge about the precise molecular composition in the different zones remains limited. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of ECM molecules along the surface-to-bone axis, using quantitative non-targeted as well as targeted proteomics.\ In a discovery approach, iTRAQ mass spectrometry was used to identify all extractable ECM proteins in the different layers of a human lateral tibial plateau full thickness cartilage sample. A targeted MRM mass spectrometry approach was then applied to verify these findings and to extend the analysis to four medial tibial plateau samples. In the lateral tibial plateau sample, the unique distribution patterns of 70 ECM proteins were identified, revealing groups of proteins with a preferential distribution to the superficial, intermediate or deep regions of articular cartilage. The detailed analysis of selected 29 proteins confirmed these findings and revealed similar distribution patterns in the four medial tibial plateau samples. The results of this study allow, for the first time, an overview of the zonal distribution of a broad range of cartilage ECM proteins and open up further investigations of the functional roles of matrix proteins in the different zones of articular cartilage in health and disease.
Collapse
|
249
|
The motile breast cancer phenotype roles of proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:124321. [PMID: 25140302 PMCID: PMC4129668 DOI: 10.1155/2014/124321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The consecutive stages of cancer growth and dissemination are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment. Importantly, cell-associated and tumor microenvironment glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycan (PG) content and distribution are markedly altered during tumor pathogenesis and progression. GAGs and PGs perform multiple functions in specific stages of the metastatic cascade due to their defined structure and ability to interact with both ligands and receptors regulating cancer pathogenesis. Thus, GAGs/PGs may modulate downstream signaling of key cellular mediators including insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptors (ERs), or Wnt members. In the present review we will focus on breast cancer motility in correlation with their GAG/PG content and critically discuss mechanisms involved. Furthermore, new approaches involving GAGs/PGs as potential prognostic/diagnostic markers or as therapeutic agents for cancer-related pathologies are being proposed.
Collapse
|
250
|
Roy DM, Walsh LA. Candidate prognostic markers in breast cancer: focus on extracellular proteases and their inhibitors. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2014; 6:81-91. [PMID: 25114586 PMCID: PMC4090043 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s46020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the complex network of proteins that surrounds cells in multicellular organisms. Due to its diverse nature and composition, the ECM has a multifaceted role in both normal tissue homeostasis and pathophysiology. It provides structural support, segregates tissues from one another, and regulates intercellular communication. Furthermore, the ECM sequesters a wide range of growth factors and cytokines that may be released upon specific and well-coordinated cues. Regulation of the ECM is performed by the extracellular proteases, which are tasked with cleaving and remodeling this intricate and diverse protein matrix. Accordingly, extracellular proteases are differentially expressed in various tissue types and in many diseases such as cancer. In fact, metastatic dissemination of tumor cells requires degradation of extracellular matrices by several families of proteases, including metalloproteinases and serine proteases, among others. Extracellular proteases are emerging as strong candidate cancer biomarkers for aiding and predicting patient outcome. Not surprisingly, inhibition of these protumorigenic enzymes in animal models of metastasis has shown impressive therapeutic effects. As such, many of these proteolytic inhibitors are currently in various phases of clinical investigation. In addition to direct approaches, aberrant expression of extracellular proteases in disease states may also facilitate the selective delivery of other therapeutic or imaging agents. Herein, we outline extracellular proteases that are either bona fide or probable prognostic markers in breast cancer. Furthermore, using existing patient data and multiple robust statistical analyses, we highlight several extracellular proteases and associated inhibitors (eg, uPA, ADAMs, MMPs, TIMPs, RECK) that hold the greatest potential as clinical biomarkers. With the recent advances in high-throughput technology and targeted therapies, the incorporation of extracellular protease status in breast cancer patient management may have a profound effect on improving outcomes in this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Roy
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|