201
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Pinho BR, Santos MM, Fonseca-Silva A, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Oliveira JMA. How mitochondrial dysfunction affects zebrafish development and cardiovascular function: an in vivo model for testing mitochondria-targeted drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 169:1072-90. [PMID: 23758163 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondria are a drug target in mitochondrial dysfunction diseases and in antiparasitic chemotherapy. While zebrafish is increasingly used as a biomedical model, its potential for mitochondrial research remains relatively unexplored. Here, we perform the first systematic analysis of how mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors affect zebrafish development and cardiovascular function, and assess multiple quinones, including ubiquinone mimetics idebenone and decylubiquinone, and the antimalarial atovaquone. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were chronically and acutely exposed to mitochondrial inhibitors and quinone analogues. Concentration-response curves, developmental and cardiovascular phenotyping were performed together with sequence analysis of inhibitor-binding mitochondrial subunits in zebrafish versus mouse, human and parasites. Phenotype rescuing was assessed in co-exposure assays. KEY RESULTS Complex I and II inhibitors induced developmental abnormalities, but their submaximal toxicity was not additive, suggesting active alternative pathways for complex III feeding. Complex III inhibitors evoked a direct normal-to-dead transition. ATP synthase inhibition arrested gastrulation. Menadione induced hypochromic anaemia when transiently present following primitive erythropoiesis. Atovaquone was over 1000-fold less lethal in zebrafish than reported for Plasmodium falciparum, and its toxicity partly rescued by the ubiquinone precursor 4-hydroxybenzoate. Idebenone and decylubiquinone delayed rotenone- but not myxothiazol- or antimycin-evoked cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study characterizes pharmacologically induced mitochondrial dysfunction phenotypes in zebrafish, laying the foundation for comparison with future studies addressing mitochondrial dysfunction in this model organism. It has relevant implications for interpreting zebrafish disease models linked to complex I/II inhibition. Further, it evidences zebrafish's potential for in vivo efficacy or toxicity screening of ubiquinone analogues or antiparasitic mitochondria-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brígida R Pinho
- REQUIMTE, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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202
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Iwasaki M, Franke AA, Hamada GS, Miyajima NT, Sharma S, Ishihara J, Takachi R, Tsugane S, Le Marchand L. Comparison of plasma levels of nutrient-related biomarkers among Japanese populations in Tokyo, Japan, São Paulo, Brazil, and Hawaii, USA. Eur J Cancer Prev 2015; 24:155-61. [PMID: 25633435 PMCID: PMC4313381 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of Japanese migrants have suggested that the increase in colorectal cancer rates occurring after migration is slower among Japanese Brazilians than among Japanese Americans. We hypothesized that this difference may partly reflect differences in vegetable and fruit intake between the populations. Using data from validation studies of food frequency questionnaires being used in comparative case-control studies of colorectal adenoma in Tokyo, São Paulo, and Hawaii, plasma carotenoid, retinol, tocopherol, and coenzyme Q10 levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma levels were compared by analysis of covariance between 142 Japanese in Tokyo, 79 Japanese Brazilians in São Paulo, and 78 Japanese Americans in Hawaii. Overall, we found significantly lower plasma carotenoid levels, except for lycopene levels, and retinol levels in Japanese Americans compared with Japanese in Tokyo and Japanese Brazilians. The plasma total carotenoid level was highest in Japanese Brazilians. Compared with the mean level among Japanese Brazilians (1741.2 ng/ml), P for difference was 0.03 among Japanese in Tokyo (1514.4 ng/ml) and less than 0.01 for Japanese Americans (1257.7 ng/ml). Plasma lycopene and tocopherol levels did not substantially differ between the three populations. We also found significantly lower plasma levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and total coenzyme Q10 in Japanese in Tokyo than in Japanese Americans and Japanese Brazilians. Higher levels of plasma carotenoids among Japanese Brazilians than among Japanese in Tokyo and Hawaii may have contributed to the slower pace of the increase in colorectal cancer rates observed in that population after migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Iwasaki
- aEpidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo bDepartment of Nutrition Management, Sagami Women's University, Kanagawa cDepartment of Community Preventive Medicine, Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan dEpidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA eNikkei Disease Prevention Center fSociedade Beneficente de Cotia Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil gDepartment of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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203
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Xie LX, Williams KJ, He CH, Weng E, Khong S, Rose TE, Kwon O, Bensinger SJ, Marbois BN, Clarke CF. Resveratrol and para-coumarate serve as ring precursors for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:909-19. [PMID: 25681964 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone) is a redox-active polyisoprenylated benzoquinone lipid essential for electron and proton transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The aromatic ring 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB) is commonly depicted as the sole aromatic ring precursor in Q biosynthesis despite the recent finding that para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) also serves as a ring precursor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Q biosynthesis. In this study, we employed aromatic (13)C6-ring-labeled compounds including (13)C6-4HB, (13)C6-pABA, (13)C6-resveratrol, and (13)C6-coumarate to investigate the role of these small molecules as aromatic ring precursors in Q biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, S. cerevisiae, and human and mouse cells. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, neither E. coli nor the mammalian cells tested were able to form (13)C6-Q when cultured in the presence of (13)C6-pABA. However, E. coli cells treated with (13)C6-pABA generated (13)C6-ring-labeled forms of 3-octaprenyl-4-aminobenzoic acid, 2-octaprenyl-aniline, and 3-octaprenyl-2-aminophenol, suggesting UbiA, UbiD, UbiX, and UbiI are capable of using pABA or pABA-derived intermediates as substrates. E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and human and mouse cells cultured in the presence of (13)C6-resveratrol or (13)C6-coumarate were able to synthesize (13)C6-Q. Future evaluation of the physiological and pharmacological responses to dietary polyphenols should consider their metabolism to Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian X Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Cuiwen H He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Emily Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - San Khong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Tristan E Rose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569 Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Beth N Marbois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
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204
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Brea-Calvo G, Haack TB, Karall D, Ohtake A, Invernizzi F, Carrozzo R, Kremer L, Dusi S, Fauth C, Scholl-Bürgi S, Graf E, Ahting U, Resta N, Laforgia N, Verrigni D, Okazaki Y, Kohda M, Martinelli D, Freisinger P, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Lamperti C, Lacson A, Navas P, Mayr JA, Bertini E, Murayama K, Zeviani M, Prokisch H, Ghezzi D. COQ4 mutations cause a broad spectrum of mitochondrial disorders associated with CoQ10 deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:309-17. [PMID: 25658047 PMCID: PMC4320255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are rare, clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by mutations in several genes encoding proteins involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis. CoQ10 is an essential component of the electron transport chain (ETC), where it shuttles electrons from complex I or II to complex III. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified five individuals carrying biallelic mutations in COQ4. The precise function of human COQ4 is not known, but it seems to play a structural role in stabilizing a multiheteromeric complex that contains most of the CoQ10 biosynthetic enzymes. The clinical phenotypes of the five subjects varied widely, but four had a prenatal or perinatal onset with early fatal outcome. Two unrelated individuals presented with severe hypotonia, bradycardia, respiratory insufficiency, and heart failure; two sisters showed antenatal cerebellar hypoplasia, neonatal respiratory-distress syndrome, and epileptic encephalopathy. The fifth subject had an early-onset but slowly progressive clinical course dominated by neurological deterioration with hardly any involvement of other organs. All available specimens from affected subjects showed reduced amounts of CoQ10 and often displayed a decrease in CoQ10-dependent ETC complex activities. The pathogenic role of all identified mutations was experimentally validated in a recombinant yeast model; oxidative growth, strongly impaired in strains lacking COQ4, was corrected by expression of human wild-type COQ4 cDNA but failed to be corrected by expression of COQ4 cDNAs with any of the mutations identified in affected subjects. COQ4 mutations are responsible for early-onset mitochondrial diseases with heterogeneous clinical presentations and associated with CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Junta de Andalucía and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Karall
- Clinic for Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Federica Invernizzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Kremer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Dusi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Fauth
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Clinic for Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Ahting
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Verrigni
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Division of Translational Research, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; Division of Functional Genomics & Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kohda
- Division of Translational Research, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Unit of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Freisinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Reutlingen, 72764 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Atilano Lacson
- Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Junta de Andalucía and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba 266-0007, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation of the Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carettere Scientifico, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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205
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Allan CM, Awad AM, Johnson JS, Shirasaki DI, Wang C, Blaby-Haas CE, Merchant SS, Loo JA, Clarke CF. Identification of Coq11, a new coenzyme Q biosynthetic protein in the CoQ-synthome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7517-34. [PMID: 25631044 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone) is a redox active lipid composed of a fully substituted benzoquinone ring and a polyisoprenoid tail and is required for mitochondrial electron transport. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Q is synthesized by the products of 11 known genes, COQ1-COQ9, YAH1, and ARH1. The function of some of the Coq proteins remains unknown, and several steps in the Q biosynthetic pathway are not fully characterized. Several of the Coq proteins are associated in a macromolecular complex on the matrix face of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and this complex is required for efficient Q synthesis. Here, we further characterize this complex via immunoblotting and proteomic analysis of tandem affinity-purified tagged Coq proteins. We show that Coq8, a putative kinase required for the stability of the Q biosynthetic complex, is associated with a Coq6-containing complex. Additionally Q6 and late stage Q biosynthetic intermediates were also found to co-purify with the complex. A mitochondrial protein of unknown function, encoded by the YLR290C open reading frame, is also identified as a constituent of the complex and is shown to be required for efficient de novo Q biosynthesis. Given its effect on Q synthesis and its association with the biosynthetic complex, we propose that the open reading frame YLR290C be designated COQ11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Allan
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Agape M Awad
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Jarrett S Johnson
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Dyna I Shirasaki
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Charles Wang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Crysten E Blaby-Haas
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, the UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Joseph A Loo
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, the Department of Biological Chemistry, and the UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute,
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206
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Anderson CM, Kazantzis M, Wang J, Venkatraman S, Goncalves RLS, Quinlan CL, Ng R, Jastroch M, Benjamin DI, Nie B, Herber C, Van AAN, Park MJ, Yun D, Chan K, Yu A, Vuong P, Febbraio M, Nomura DK, Napoli JL, Brand MD, Stahl A. Dependence of brown adipose tissue function on CD36-mediated coenzyme Q uptake. Cell Rep 2015; 10:505-15. [PMID: 25620701 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses the inherent ability to dissipate metabolic energy as heat through uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. An essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is coenzyme Q (CoQ). While cells synthesize CoQ mostly endogenously, exogenous supplementation with CoQ has been successful as a therapy for patients with CoQ deficiency. However, which tissues depend on exogenous CoQ uptake as well as the mechanism by which CoQ is taken up by cells and the role of this process in BAT function are not well understood. Here, we report that the scavenger receptor CD36 drives the uptake of CoQ by BAT and is required for normal BAT function. BAT from mice lacking CD36 displays CoQ deficiency, impaired CoQ uptake, hypertrophy, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defective nonshivering thermogenesis. Together, these data reveal an important new role for the systemic transport of CoQ to BAT and its function in thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Anderson
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jinshan Wang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Subramaniam Venkatraman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Casey L Quinlan
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ryan Ng
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Martin Jastroch
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Daniel I Benjamin
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Biao Nie
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Candice Herber
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - An-Angela Ngoc Van
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael J Park
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dawee Yun
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karen Chan
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Angela Yu
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Vuong
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joseph L Napoli
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martin D Brand
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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207
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Jacobs G, Lieb W, Menke T, Döring F. Association between serum level of ubiquinol and NT-proBNP, a marker for chronic heart failure, in healthy elderly subjects. Biofactors 2015; 41:35-43. [PMID: 25728634 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquinone and ubiquinol represent the oxidized and reduced forms of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). CoQ10 is present in membranes of almost all human tissues and organs, with highest concentration in the heart. In patients with heart failure, serum levels of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are an indicator of disease severity. Here, we investigated the relationship between serum levels of CoQ10 and NT-proBNP in healthy volunteers of an elderly study population (mean age 52 years, n = 871). We found a negative association between serum levels of ubiquinol and NT-proBNP (P < 0.001). Accordingly, the CoQ10 redox state (% oxidized form of CoQ10) is positively associated with serum NT-proBNP level (P < 0.001). Compared to patients who survived a myocardial infarction (n = 21), healthy subjects have lower NT-proBNP level (500.39 ± 631.28 pg/ml vs. 76.90 ± 120.27 pg/ml, P < 0.001), higher ubiquinol serum level (0.43 ± 0.19 µmol/L vs. 0.71 ± 0.32 µmol/L; P < 0.001), and a lower CoQ10 redox state (27.6 ± 13.8% vs. 17.6 ± 10.1%; P < 0.001). Interestingly, ubiquinol supplementation (150 mg/day; 14 day; n = 53) slightly reduces the expression of CLCN6, a gene related to NT-proBNP level. In summary, higher serum levels of ubiquinol are associated with lower serum NT-proBNP levels in healthy elderly subjects. However, to what extent a high serum level of ubiquinol is a protective factor for heart failure remains to be elucidated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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208
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Lapointe J, Hughes B, Bigras E, Hekimi S. Compensatory elevation of voluntary activity in mouse mutants with impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/11/e12214. [PMID: 25413331 PMCID: PMC4255820 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in determining whole‐body metabolism and exercise
capacity. Genetic mouse models of mild mitochondrial dysfunction provide an opportunity to
understand how mitochondrial function affects these parameters. MCLK1 (a.k.a. Coq7) is an enzyme
implicated in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone (UQ; Coenzyme Q). Low levels of MCLK1 in
Mclk1+/− heterozygous mutants lead to abnormal
sub‐mitochondrial distribution of UQ, impaired mitochondrial function, elevated mitochondrial
oxidative stress, and increased lifespan. Here, we report that young
Mclk1+/− males, but not females, show a significant
decrease in whole‐body metabolic rate as measured by indirect calorimetry. Such a
sex‐specific effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on energy metabolism has also been reported
for heterozygous mice carrying a mutation for the gene encoding the “Rieske” protein
of mitochondrial complex III
(RISP+/P224S). We find that both
Mclk1+/− and
RISP+/P224S males are capable of
restoring their defective metabolic rates by making significantly more voluntary use of a running
wheel compared to wild type. However, this increase in voluntary activity does not reflect their
exercise capacity, which we found to be impaired as revealed by a shorter treadmill distance run
before exhaustion. In contrast to what is observed in
Mclk1+/− and
RISP+/P224S mutants,
Sod2+/− mice with elevated oxidative stress and
major mitochondrial dysfunction did not increase voluntary activity. Our study reveals a
sex‐specific effect on how impaired mitochondrial function impacts whole‐body energy
metabolism and locomotory behavior, and contributes to the understanding of the metabolic and
behavioral consequences of mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondria play a crucial role in determining whole‐body metabolism, lifespan and
exercise capacity. This study reports sex‐specific effects of mitochondrial dysfunction,
resulting in increased spontaneous activity in response to impaired metabolic rates. These findings
contribute to the understanding of the metabolic and behavioral consequences of mitochondrial
disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lapointe
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College St., Sherbrooke, J1M 0C8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bryan Hughes
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eve Bigras
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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209
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Yilmaz LS, Walhout AJM. Worms, bacteria, and micronutrients: an elegant model of our diet. Trends Genet 2014; 30:496-503. [PMID: 25172020 PMCID: PMC4399232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrients are required in small proportions in a diet to carry out key metabolic roles for biomass and energy production. Humans receive micronutrients either directly from their diet or from gut microbiota that metabolize other nutrients. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its bacterial diet provide a relatively simple and genetically tractable model to study both direct and microbe-mediated effects of micronutrients. Recently, this model has been used to gain insight into the relationship between micronutrients, physiology, and metabolism. In particular, two B-type vitamins, vitamin B12 and folate, have been studied in detail. Here we review how C. elegans and its bacterial diet provide a powerful interspecies systems biology model that facilitates the precise delineation of micronutrient effects and the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfu Safak Yilmaz
- Program in Systems Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Albertha J M Walhout
- Program in Systems Biology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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210
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Fischer A, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Döring F. Promotion of growth by Coenzyme Q10 is linked to gene expression in C. elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:920-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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211
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Bates A, Shen Q, Hiebert JB, Thimmesch A, Pierce JD. Myocardial energetics and ubiquinol in diastolic heart failure. Nurs Health Sci 2014; 16:428-33. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Bates
- Olathe Cardiology Services; Olathe Medical Center; Olathe Kansas USA
| | - Qiuhua Shen
- School of Nursing; The University of Kansas; Kansas City Kansas USA
| | - John B. Hiebert
- Cardiovascular Specialists of Lawrence; Lawrence Memorial Hospital; Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - Amanda Thimmesch
- School of Nursing; The University of Kansas; Kansas City Kansas USA
| | - Janet D. Pierce
- School of Nursing; The University of Kansas; Kansas City Kansas USA
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212
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Sale ST, Parvez H, Yeltiwar RKR, Vivekanandan G, Pundir AJ, Jain P. A comparative evaluation of topical and intrasulcular application of coenzyme Q10 (Perio Q™) gel in chronic periodontitis patients: A clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:461-5. [PMID: 25210260 PMCID: PMC4158587 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.138690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Coenzyme Q10 is a well-studied antioxidant in the medical literature, but studies regarding its efficacy in periodontal diseases are few. coenzymeoenzyme Q10 serves as an endogenous antioxidant and its increased concentration in the diseased gingiva effectively suppresses advanced periodontal inflammation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (Perio Q™) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 18 patients were enrolled for the study. The selected subjects were treated in three different quadrants randomly. The control quadrant was treated by scaling and root planing only, while the other two test quadrants were treated by intra-pocket application of gel combined with scaling or root planing and topical applications combined with scaling and root planning, respectively. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index and probing pocket depth were assessed at baseline and at the 2(nd) week and 4(th) weeks. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in all clinical parameters in the test sites seen at the end of the 4-week period. Sites with bleeding on probing were reduced more in the test group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Coenzyme Q10 can be said to have a beneficial effect on periodontitis when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Tenka Sale
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Humera Parvez
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Gopinath Vivekanandan
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Aena Jain Pundir
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Priya Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
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213
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Ramirez O, Motta-Mena LB, Cordova A, Garza KM. A small library of synthetic di-substituted 1, 4-naphthoquinones induces ROS-mediated cell death in murine fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106828. [PMID: 25197824 PMCID: PMC4157788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of compound libraries and their concurrent assessment as selective reagents for probing and modulating biological function continues to be an active area of chemical biology. Microwave-assisted solid-phase Dötz benzannulation reactions have been used to inexpensively synthesize 2, 3-disubstituted-1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Herein, we report the biological testing of a small library of such compounds using a murine fibroblast cell line (L929). Assessment of cellular viability identified three categories of cytotoxic compounds: no toxicity, low/intermediate toxicity and high toxicity. Increased levels of Annexin-V-positive staining and of caspase 3 activity confirmed that low, intermediate, and highly toxic compounds promote cell death. The compounds varied in their ability to induce mitochondrial depolarization and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic compounds triggered mitochondrial depolarization, while one highly cytotoxic compound did not. In addition, all cytotoxic compounds promoted increased intracellular ROS but the cells were only partially protected from compound-induced apoptosis when in the presence of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or ascorbic acid suggesting utilization of additional pro-death mechanisms. In summary, nine of twelve (75%) 1, 4-naphthoquinone synthetic compounds were cytotoxic. Although the mitochondria did not appear to be a central target for induction of cell death, all of the cytotoxic compounds induced ROS formation. Thus, the data demonstrate that the synthesis regime effectively created cytotoxic compounds highlighting the potential use of the regime and its products for the identification of biologically relevant reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ramirez
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura B. Motta-Mena
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amanda Cordova
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristine M. Garza
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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214
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Controlled sumoylation of the mevalonate pathway enzyme HMGS-1 regulates metabolism during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3880-9. [PMID: 25187565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414748111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many metabolic pathways are critically regulated during development and aging but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation. One key metabolic cascade in eukaryotes is the mevalonate pathway. It catalyzes the synthesis of sterol and nonsterol isoprenoids, such as cholesterol and ubiquinone, as well as other metabolites. In humans, an age-dependent decrease in ubiquinone levels and changes in cholesterol homeostasis suggest that mevalonate pathway activity changes with age. However, our knowledge of the mechanistic basis of these changes remains rudimentary. We have identified a regulatory circuit controlling the sumoylation state of Caenorhabditis elegans HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS-1). This protein is the ortholog of human HMGCS1 enzyme, which mediates the first committed step of the mevalonate pathway. In vivo, HMGS-1 undergoes an age-dependent sumoylation that is balanced by the activity of ULP-4 small ubiquitin-like modifier protease. ULP-4 exhibits an age-regulated expression pattern and a dynamic cytoplasm-to-mitochondria translocation. Thus, spatiotemporal ULP-4 activity controls the HMGS-1 sumoylation state in a mechanism that orchestrates mevalonate pathway activity with the age of the organism. To expand the HMGS-1 regulatory network, we combined proteomic analyses with knockout studies and found that the HMGS-1 level is also governed by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We propose that these conserved molecular circuits have evolved to govern the level of mevalonate pathway flux during aging, a flux whose dysregulation is associated with numerous age-dependent cardiovascular and cancer pathologies.
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215
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Nguyen TPT, Casarin A, Desbats MA, Doimo M, Trevisson E, Santos-Ocaña C, Navas P, Clarke CF, Salviati L. Molecular characterization of the human COQ5 C-methyltransferase in coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1628-38. [PMID: 25152161 PMCID: PMC4331671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coq5 catalyzes the only C-methylation involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q (Q or ubiquinone) in humans and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As one of eleven polypeptides required for Q production in yeast, Coq5 has also been shown to assemble with the multi-subunit complex termed the CoQ-synthome. In humans, mutations in several COQ genes cause primary Q deficiency, and a decrease in Q biosynthesis is associated with mitochondrial, cardiovascular, kidney and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we characterize the human COQ5 polypeptide and examine its complementation of yeast coq5 point and null mutants. We show that human COQ5 RNA is expressed in all tissues and that the COQ5 polypeptide is associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane on the matrix side. Previous work in yeast has shown that point mutations within or adjacent to conserved COQ5 methyltransferase motifs result in a loss of Coq5 function but not Coq5 steady state levels. Here, we show that stabilization of the CoQ-synthome within coq5 point mutants or by over-expression of COQ8 in coq5 null mutants permits the human COQ5 homolog to partially restore coq5 mutant growth on respiratory media and Q6 content. Immunoblotting against the human COQ5 polypeptide in isolated yeast mitochondria shows that the human Coq5 polypeptide migrates in two-dimensional blue-native/SDS-PAGE at the same high molecular mass as other yeast Coq proteins. The results presented suggest that human and Escherichia coli Coq5 homologs expressed in yeast retain C-methyltransferase activity but are capable of rescuing the coq5 yeast mutants only when the CoQ-synthome is assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa P T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Alberto Casarin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Mara Doimo
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
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216
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Licitra F, Puccio H. An overview of current mouse models recapitulating coenzyme q10 deficiency syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:180-6. [PMID: 25126051 DOI: 10.1159/000362942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, is an essential lipophilic molecule present in all cellular membranes and involved in a variety of cellular functions, in particular as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and as a potent antioxidant. CoQ is synthesized endogenously through a complex metabolic pathway involving over 10 different components. Primary CoQ10 deficiency in humans, due to mutations in genes involved in CoQ biosynthesis, is a heterogeneous group of rare disorders presenting severe and complex clinical symptoms. The generation of mouse models deficient in CoQ is important to further clarify the cellular function of CoQ and to unravel the complexity in the pathophysiological consequences of CoQ deficiency. This review summarizes the current knowledge on mouse models of primary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Licitra
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Strasbourg, France ; Inserm, U596, Strasbourg, France ; CNRS, UMR7104, Strasbourg, France ; Collège de France, Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France ; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Strasbourg, France ; Inserm, U596, Strasbourg, France ; CNRS, UMR7104, Strasbourg, France ; Collège de France, Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France ; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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217
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Garrido-Maraver J, Cordero MD, Oropesa-Ávila M, Fernández Vega A, de la Mata M, Delgado Pavón A, de Miguel M, Pérez Calero C, Villanueva Paz M, Cotán D, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coenzyme q10 therapy. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:187-97. [PMID: 25126052 DOI: 10.1159/000360101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For a number of years, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics; later studies demonstrated its presence in other subcellular fractions and in blood plasma, and extensively investigated its antioxidant role. These 2 functions constitute the basis for supporting the clinical use of CoQ10. Also, at the inner mitochondrial membrane level, CoQ10 is recognized as an obligatory cofactor for the function of uncoupling proteins and a modulator of the mitochondrial transition pore. Furthermore, recent data indicate that CoQ10 affects the expression of genes involved in human cell signaling, metabolism and transport, and some of the effects of CoQ10 supplementation may be due to this property. CoQ10 deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, mitochondrial diseases, aging-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, and muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ10 levels as well as different ataxias and encephalomyopathies. CoQ10 treatment does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ10 absorption and tissue distribution. Oral administration of CoQ10 is a frequent antioxidant strategy in many diseases that may provide a significant symptomatic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Garrido-Maraver
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ; Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández Vega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel de Miguel
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez Calero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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218
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Fernández-Ayala DJM, Jiménez-Gancedo S, Guerra I, Navas P. Invertebrate models for coenzyme q10 deficiency. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:170-9. [PMID: 25126050 DOI: 10.1159/000362751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human syndrome of coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency is a heterogeneous mitochondrial disease characterized by a diminution of CoQ content in cells and tissues that affects all the electron transport processes CoQ is responsible for, like the electron transference in mitochondria for respiration and ATP production and the antioxidant capacity that it exerts in membranes and lipoproteins. Supplementation with external CoQ is the main attempt to address these pathologies, but quite variable results have been obtained ranging from little response to a dramatic recovery. Here, we present the importance of modeling human CoQ deficiencies in animal models to understand the genetics and the pathology of this disease, although the election of an organism is crucial and can sometimes be controversial. Bacteria and yeast harboring mutations that lead to CoQ deficiency are unable to grow if they have to respire but develop without any problems on media with fermentable carbon sources. The complete lack of CoQ in mammals causes embryonic lethality, whereas other mutations produce tissue-specific diseases as in humans. However, working with transgenic mammals is time and cost intensive, with no assurance of obtaining results. Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have been used for years as organisms to study embryonic development, biogenesis, degenerative pathologies, and aging because of the genetic facilities and the speed of working with these animal models. In this review, we summarize several attempts to model reliable human CoQ deficiencies in invertebrates, focusing on mutant phenotypes pretty similar to those observed in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Sandra Jiménez-Gancedo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Guerra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
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219
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The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and α-Tocopherol in Skim Milk–Based Extender for Preservation of Caspian Stallion Semen in Cool Condition. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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220
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de Dieu Ndikubwimana J, Lee BH. Enhanced production techniques, properties and uses of coenzyme Q10. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1917-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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221
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Yen HC, Liu CC, Kan CC, Chen CS, Wei HR. Suppression of coenzyme Q₁₀ levels and the induction of multiple PDSS and COQ genes in human cells following oligomycin treatment. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1125-34. [PMID: 25002068 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.936865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant and essential for the electron transport chain. We previously demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide enhanced CoQ10 levels, whereas disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential by a chemical uncoupler suppressed CoQ10 levels, in human 143B cells. In this study, we investigated how CoQ10 levels and expression of two PDSS and eight COQ genes were affected by oligomycin, which inhibited ATP synthesis at Complex V without uncoupling the mitochondria. We confirmed that oligomycin increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondria-dependent ATP production in 143B cells. We also demonstrated that CoQ10 levels were decreased by oligomycin after 42 or 48 h of treatment, but not at earlier time points. Expression of PDSS2 and COQ2-COQ9 were up-regulated after 18-hour oligomycin treatment, and the expression of PPARGC1A (PGC1-1α) elevated concurrently. Knockdown of PPARGC1A down-regulated the basal mRNA levels of PDSS2 and five COQ genes and suppressed the induction of COQ8 and COQ9 genes by oligomycin, but did not affect CoQ10 levels under these conditions. N-acetylcysteine suppressed the augmentation of ROS levels and the enhanced expression of COQ2, COQ4, COQ7, and COQ9 induced by oligomycin, but did not modulate the changes in CoQ10 levels. These results suggested that the condition of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oligomycin decreased CoQ10 levels independent of oxidative stress. Up-regulation of PDSS2 and several COQ genes by oligomycin might be regulated by multiple mechanisms, including the signaling pathways mediated by PGC-1α and ROS, but it would not restore CoQ10 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Yen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
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222
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Jacobs G, Nöthlings U, Lieb W, Menke T, Döring F. Ubiquinol reduces gamma glutamyltransferase as a marker of oxidative stress in humans. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:427. [PMID: 24996614 PMCID: PMC4105833 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduced form of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), ubiquinol (Q10H2), serves as a potent antioxidant in mitochondria and lipid membranes. There is evidence that Q10H2 protects against oxidative events in lipids, proteins and DNA. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is associated with cardiovascular diseases. In a physiological range, activity of GGT is a potential early and sensitive marker of inflammation and oxidative stress.In this study, we first examined the relationship between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity in 416 healthy participants between 19 and 62 years of age in a cross-sectional study (cohort I). In the second step, 53 healthy males (21-48 years of age; cohort II) underwent a 14-day Q10H2 supplementation (150 mg/d) to evaluate the effect of Q10H2 supplementation on serum GGT activity and GGT1 gene expression. FINDINGS There was a strong positive association between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity in cohort I. However, a gender-specific examination revealed differences between male and female volunteers regarding the association between CoQ10 status and serum GGT activity. Q10H2 supplementation (cohort II) caused a significant decrease in serum GGT activity from T0 to T14 (p < 0.001). GGT1 mRNA levels declined 1.49-fold after Q10H2 supplementation. Of note, other liver enzymes (i.e., aspartate aminotransferase, AST) were not affected by Q10H2 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS CoQ10 level is positively associated with serum GGT activity. Supplementation with Q10H2 reduces serum GGT activity. This effect might be caused by gene expression. Overall, we provide preliminary evidence that higher Q10H2 levels improve oxidative stress via reduction of serum GGT activity in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN26780329.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Döring
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Heinrich-Hecht-Platz 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Effects of various squalene epoxides on coenzyme Q and cholesterol synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:977-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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224
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Schlondorff J. How many Achilles' heels does a podocyte have? An update on podocyte biology: Table 1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:1091-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bennetts P, Shen Q, Thimmesch AR, Diaz FJ, Clancy RL, Pierce JD. Effects of ubiquinol with fluid resuscitation following haemorrhagic shock on rat lungs, diaphragm, heart and kidneys. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1007-15. [PMID: 24860150 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.078600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic shock (HS) and fluid resuscitation can lead to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to ischaemia-reperfusion injury and organ damage. Ubiquinol is a potent antioxidant that decreases ROS. This study examined the effects of ubiquinol administered with fluid resuscitation following controlled HS. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to treatment [ubiquinol, 1 mg (100 g body weight)(-1)] or control groups. Rats were subjected to 60 min of HS by removing 40% of the total blood volume to a mean arterial pressure ∼45-55 mmHg. The animals were resuscitated with blood and lactated Ringer solution, with or without ubiquinol, and monitored for 120 min. At the end of the experiments, the rats were killed and the lungs, diaphragm, heart and kidneys harvested. Leucocytes were analysed for mitochondrial superoxide at baseline, end of shock and 120 min following fluid resuscitation using MitoSOX Red. Diaphragms were examined for hydrogen peroxide using dihydrofluorescein diacetate and confocal microscopy. The apoptosis in lungs, diaphragm, heart and kidneys was measured using fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange and ethidium bromide. Leucocyte mitochondrial superoxide levels were significantly lower in rats that received ubiquinol than in the control animals. Production of hydrogen peroxide and apoptosis were significantly reduced in the organs of rats treated with ubiquinol. These findings suggest that ubiquinol, administered with fluid resuscitation after HS, attenuates ROS production and apoptosis. Thus, ubiquinol is a potent antioxidant that may be used as a potential treatment to reduce organ injury following haemorrhagic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bennetts
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia Education, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Qiuhua Shen
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | | | - Francisco J Diaz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Richard L Clancy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Janet D Pierce
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Onur S, Niklowitz P, Fischer A, Metges CC, Grune T, Menke T, Rimbach G, Döring F. A comparative study into alterations of coenzyme Q redox status in ageing pigs, mice, and worms. Biofactors 2014; 40:346-54. [PMID: 24578032 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q derivatives (CoQ) are lipid soluble antioxidants that are synthesized endogenously in almost all species and function as an obligatory cofactor of the respiratory chain. There is evidence that CoQ status is altered by age in several species. Here we determined level and redox-state of CoQ in different age groups of pigs, mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. Since these species are very different with respect to lifespan, reproduction and physiology, our approach could provide some general tendencies of CoQ status in ageing organisms. We found that CoQ level decreases with age in pigs and mice, whereas CoQ content increases in older worms. As observed in all three species, ubiquinone, the oxidized form of CoQ, increases with age. Additionally, we were able to show that supplementation of ubiquinol-10, the reduced form of human CoQ10 , slightly increases lifespan of post-reproductive worms. In conclusion, the percentage of the oxidized form of CoQ increases with age indicating higher oxidative stress or rather a decreased anti-oxidative capacity of aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Onur
- Division of Molecular Prevention, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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228
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Brandmeyer
- Emily A. Brandmeyer is a staff nurse at Via Christi Hospital in Wichita, Kan. Qiuhua Shen is an assistant professor; Amanda R. Thimmesch is a research associate; and Janet D. Pierce is a professor, all at the University of Kansas School of Nursing in Kansas City
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229
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Aussel L, Pierrel F, Loiseau L, Lombard M, Fontecave M, Barras F. Biosynthesis and physiology of coenzyme Q in bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1004-11. [PMID: 24480387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinone, also called coenzyme Q, is a lipid subject to oxido-reduction cycles. It functions in the respiratory electron transport chain and plays a pivotal role in energy generating processes. In this review, we focus on the biosynthetic pathway and physiological role of ubiquinone in bacteria. We present the studies which, within a period of five decades, led to the identification and characterization of the genes named ubi and involved in ubiquinone production in Escherichia coli. When available, the structures of the corresponding enzymes are shown and their biological function is detailed. The phenotypes observed in mutants deficient in ubiquinone biosynthesis are presented, either in model bacteria or in pathogens. A particular attention is given to the role of ubiquinone in respiration, modulation of two-component activity and bacterial virulence. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 18th European Bioenergetic Conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Aussel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283 Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA - Université Grenoble I - CNRS, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Laurent Loiseau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283 Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Murielle Lombard
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, UPMC, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcellin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, UPMC, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcellin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR 7283 Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier 13009 Marseille, France.
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230
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González-Mariscal I, García-Testón E, Padilla S, Martín-Montalvo A, Pomares-Viciana T, Vazquez-Fonseca L, Gandolfo-Domínguez P, Santos-Ocaña C. Regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis in yeast: A new complex in the block. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:63-70. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo; Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Sevilla Spain
| | - Elena García-Testón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo; Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Sevilla Spain
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center; Sanford Research USD; Sioux Falls SD USA
| | - Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo; Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Sevilla Spain
| | - Teresa Pomares-Viciana
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo; Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Sevilla Spain
| | - Luis Vazquez-Fonseca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo; Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Sevilla Spain
| | - Pablo Gandolfo-Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo; Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Sevilla Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo; Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Sevilla Spain
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231
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Lapointe J. Mitochondria as promising targets for nutritional interventions aiming to improve performance and longevity of sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:809-21. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lapointe
- Dairy and Swine R & D Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke QC Canada
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232
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Del Pozo-Cruz J, Rodríguez-Bies E, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Navas-Enamorado I, Tung BT, Navas P, López-Lluch G. Physical activity affects plasma coenzyme Q10 levels differently in young and old humans. Biogerontology 2014; 15:199-211. [PMID: 24384733 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (Q) is a key lipidic compound for cell bioenergetics and membrane antioxidant activities. It has been shown that also has a central role in the prevention of oxidation of plasma lipoproteins. Q has been associated with the prevention of cholesterol oxidation and several aging-related diseases. However, to date no clear data on the levels of plasma Q during aging are available. We have measured the levels of plasmatic Q10 and cholesterol in young and old individuals showing different degrees of physical activity. Our results indicate that plasma Q10 levels in old people are higher that the levels found in young people. Our analysis also indicates that there is no a relationship between the degree of physical activity and Q10 levels when the general population is studied. However, very interestingly, we have found a different tendency between Q10 levels and physical activity depending on the age of individuals. In young people, higher activity correlates with lower Q10 levels in plasma whereas in older adults this ratio changes and higher activity is related to higher plasma Q10 levels and higher Q10/Chol ratios. Higher Q10 levels in plasma are related to lower lipoperoxidation and oxidized LDL levels in elderly people. Our results highlight the importance of life habits in the analysis of Q10 in plasma and indicate that the practice of physical activity at old age can improve antioxidant capacity in plasma and help to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Del Pozo-Cruz
- Dpto. Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
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233
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Zhou J, Li W, Xie Q, Hou Y, Zhan S, Yang X, Xu X, Cai J, Huang Z. Effects of simvastatin on glucose metabolism in mouse MIN6 cells. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:376570. [PMID: 24995341 PMCID: PMC4065655 DOI: 10.1155/2014/376570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin on insulin secretion in mouse MIN6 cells and the possible mechanism. MIN6 cells were, respectively, treated with 0 μ M, 2 μ M, 5 μ M, and 10 μ M simvastatin for 48 h. Radio immunoassay was performed to measure the effect of simvastatin on insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. Luciferase method was used to examine the content of ATP in MIN6 cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to measure the mRNA and protein levels of inward rectifier potassium channel 6.2 (Kir6.2), voltage-dependent calcium channel 1.2 (Cav1.2), and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), respectively. ATP-sensitive potassium current and L-type calcium current were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results showed that high concentrations of simvastatin (5 μ M and 10 μ M) significantly reduced the synthesis and secretion of insulin compared to control groups in MIN6 cells (P < 0.05). ATP content in simvastatin-treated cells was lower than in control cells (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the mRNA and protein expression of Kir6.2 increased with treatment of simvastatin (P < 0.05), and mRNA and protein expression of Cav1.2 and GLUT2 decreased in response to simvastatin (P < 0.05). Moreover, simvastatin increased the ATP-sensitive potassium current and reduced the L-type calcium current. These results suggest that simvastatin inhibits the synthesis and secretion of insulin through a reduction in saccharometabolism in MIN6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yuxi Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Shaopeng Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
- *Jun Cai: and
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
- *Zhengrong Huang:
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234
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Laredj LN, Licitra F, Puccio HM. The molecular genetics of coenzyme Q biosynthesis in health and disease. Biochimie 2013; 100:78-87. [PMID: 24355204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q, or ubiquinone, is an endogenously synthesized lipid-soluble antioxidant that plays a major role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Although extensively studied for decades, recent data on coenzyme Q have painted an exciting albeit incomplete picture of the multiple facets of this molecule's function. In humans, mutations in the genes involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q lead to a heterogeneous group of rare disorders, with most often severe and debilitating symptoms. In this review, we describe the current understanding of coenzyme Q biosynthesis, provide a detailed overview of human coenzyme Q deficiencies and discuss the existing mouse models for coenzyme Q deficiency. Furthermore, we briefly examine the current state of affairs in non-mitochondrial coenzyme Q functions and the latter's link to statin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila N Laredj
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Illkirch, France; Inserm, U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, Illkirch, France
| | - Floriana Licitra
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Illkirch, France; Inserm, U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, Illkirch, France
| | - Hélène M Puccio
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Illkirch, France; Inserm, U596, Illkirch, France; CNRS, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, Illkirch, France.
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235
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Liu C, Sun Z, Shen S, Lin L, Li T, Tian B, Hua Y. Identification and characterization of the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase in Deinococcus radiodurans. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:219-24. [PMID: 24151908 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Deinococcus radiodurans strain R1 utilizes multiple antioxidants including a unique carotenoid, deinoxanthin, to fight again oxidative stress. Most of the enzymes involved in the deinoxanthin biosynthetic pathway have been identified. However, the enzyme catalysing the synthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which is a precursor of carotenoid biosynthesis, has yet to be identified. Two putative isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IPPS) homologues (DR1395 and DR932) were screened out by analysis of conserved amino acid regions, and their biochemical functions were investigated. Gene mutation, gene expression in Escherichia coli and analysis of carotenoid products were used to investigate the functions of these candidates. The results suggested that DR1395 encodes the protein for GGPP synthesis. Site-directed mutant analysis indicated that the amino acid composition of and around the first aspartate-rich motif is vital for GGPP synthase function. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Deinococcus radiodurans strain R1 produces a unique carotenoid product, deinoxanthin, as an antioxidant. In this study, DR1395 was identified as the gene encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) for entrance to deinoxanthin biosynthesis in D. radiodurans. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis studies on DR1395 identified the effect of amino acid composition of the aspartate-rich motif on the production of this carotenoid. This study demonstrated the entrance step in the deinoxanthin biosynthetic pathway. These results can be useful in genetic engineering strategies for deinoxanthin production including enhancement of GGPPS gene expression in D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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236
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Sousa M, Teixeira VH, Soares J. Dietary strategies to recover from exercise-induced muscle damage. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 65:151-63. [PMID: 24180469 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.849662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustive or unaccustomed intense exercise can cause exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and its undesirable consequences may decrease the ability to exercise and to adhere to a training programme. This review briefly summarises the muscle damage process, focusing predominantly on oxidative stress and inflammation as contributing factors, and describes how nutrition may be positively used to recover from EIMD. The combined intake of carbohydrates and proteins and the use of antioxidants and/or anti-inflammatory nutrients within physiological ranges are interventions that may assist the recovery process. Although the works studying food instead of nutritional supplements are very scarce, their results seem to indicate that food might be a favourable option as a recovery strategy. To date, the only tested foods were milk, cherries, blueberries and pomegranate with promising results. Other potential solutions are foods rich in protein, carbohydrates, antioxidants and/or anti-inflammatory nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sousa
- Faculdade de Desporto, Centro de Investigação, Formação, Intervenção e Inovação em Desporto (CIFI2D)
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237
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Parmar SS, Jaiwal A, Dhankher OP, Jaiwal PK. Coenzyme Q10 production in plants: current status and future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:152-64. [PMID: 24090245 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.823594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or Ubiquinone10 (UQ10), an isoprenylated benzoquinone, is well-known for its role as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration. It is a sole representative of lipid soluble antioxidant that is synthesized in our body. In recent years, it has been found to be associated with a range of patho-physiological conditions and its oral administration has also reported to be of therapeutic value in a wide spectrum of chronic diseases. Additionally, as an antioxidant, it has been widely used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, neutraceuticals, and functional foods as well as in anti-aging creams. Since its limited dietary uptake and decrease in its endogenous synthesis in the body with age and under various diseases states warrants its adequate supply from an external source. To meet its growing demand for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, there is a great interest in the commercial production of CoQ10. Various synthetic and fermentation of microbial natural producers and their mutated strains have been developed for its commercial production. Although, microbial production is the major industrial source of CoQ10 but due to low yield and high production cost, other cost-effective and alternative sources need to be explored. Plants, being photosynthetic, producing high biomass and the engineering of pathways for producing CoQ10 directly in food crops will eliminate the additional step for purification and thus could be used as an ideal and cost-effective alternative to chemical synthesis and microbial production of CoQ10. A better understanding of CoQ10 biosynthetic enzymes and their regulation in model systems like E. coli and yeast has led to the use of metabolic engineering to enhance CoQ10 production not only in microbes but also in plants. The plant-based CoQ10 production has emerged as a cost-effective and environment-friendly approach capable of supplying CoQ10 in ample amounts. The current strategies, progress and constraints of CoQ10 production in plants are discussed in this review.
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238
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Zhou L, Huang TW, Wang JY, Sun S, Chen G, Poplawsky A, He YW. The rice bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae produces 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid via XanB2 for use in xanthomonadin, ubiquinone, and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:1239-48. [PMID: 23718125 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-13-0112-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of rice bacterial blight, produces membrane-bound yellow pigments, referred to as xanthomonadins. Xanthomonadins protect the pathogen from photodamage and host-induced perioxidation damage. They are also required for epiphytic survival and successful host plant infection. Here, we show that XanB2 encoded by PXO_3739 plays a key role in xanthomonadin and coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis in X. oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99A. A xanB2 deletion mutant exhibits a pleiotropic phenotype, including xanthomonadin deficiency, producing less exopolysaccharide (EPS), lower viability and H2O2 resistance, and lower virulence. We further demonstrate that X. oryzae pv. oryzae produces 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) via XanB2. 3-HBA is associated with xanthomonadin biosynthesis while 4-HBA is mainly used as a precursor for coenzyme Q (CoQ)8 biosynthesis. XanB2 is the alternative source of 4-HBA for CoQ8 biosynthesis in PXO99A. These findings suggest that the roles of XanB2 in PXO99A are generally consistent with those in X. campestris pv. campestris. The present study also demonstrated that X. oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99A has evolved several specific features in 3-HBA and 4-HBA signaling. First, our results showed that PXO99A produces less 3-HBA and 4-HBA than X. campestris pv. campestris and this is partially due to a degenerated 4-HBA efflux pump. Second, PXO99A has evolved unique xanthomonadin induction patterns via 3-HBA and 4-HBA. Third, our results showed that 3-HBA or 4-HBA positively regulates the expression of gum cluster to promote EPS production in PXO99A. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that XanB2 is a key metabolic enzyme linking xanthomonadin, CoQ, and EPS biosynthesis, which are collectively essential for X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathogenesis.
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239
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Chiang CC, Huang TN, Lin YW, Chen KH, Chiang BH. Enhancement of 4-acetylantroquinonol B production by supplementation of its precursor during submerged fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9160-9165. [PMID: 23930581 DOI: 10.1021/jf402187q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The antiproliferation activity of the ethanol extract of A. cinnamomea mycelium on hepatocellular cancer cells HepG2 was found to be associated with aroma intensity of the broth during fermentation. We hypothesized that some of the volatile compounds are the precursors of the key bioactive component 4-acetylantroquinonol B of this fungus. The major volatile compounds of A. cinnamomea were identified by GC/MS, and they are oct-1-en-3-ol, linalool, methyl phenylacetate, nerolidol, γ-cadinene and 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA). TMBA and nerolidol were further selected and used as supplements during fermentation. It was found that both of them could increase the production of 4-acetylantroquinonol B and enhance the antiproliferation activity of the fungus. In addition, the TMBA was identified as the most promising supplement for increasing the bioactivity of A. cinnamomea during cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chi Chiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
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240
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Parkinson MH, Schulz JB, Giunti P. Co-enzyme Q10 and idebenone use in Friedreich's ataxia. J Neurochem 2013; 126 Suppl 1:125-41. [PMID: 23859348 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia is a debilitating progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with cardiomyopathy and other features. The underlying cause is a deficiency of the mitochondrial protein frataxin which causes mitochondrial iron deposition, increased oxidative stress and impaired adenosine triphosphate production. Over the last 15 years, multiple clinical trials have assessed the efficacy of antioxidant agents in this disease. This article reviews trials of the two most important agents, namely co-enzyme Q10 and idebenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Parkinson
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Abstract
Nutraceuticals are food products that that can provide medical or health benefits by preventing or treating disease processes. The high costs associated with assisted reproductive techniques for male infertility have led consumers to find less expensive alternatives for potential treatment. Nutraceuticals are widely available and have many antioxidant properties. This articles reviews the current English literature regarding readily available nutraceuticals and their potential effects on male infertility and potential side effects with excess intake.
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242
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Martín-Montalvo A, González-Mariscal I, Pomares-Viciana T, Padilla-López S, Ballesteros M, Vazquez-Fonseca L, Gandolfo P, Brautigan DL, Navas P, Santos-Ocaña C. The phosphatase Ptc7 induces coenzyme Q biosynthesis by activating the hydroxylase Coq7 in yeast. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28126-37. [PMID: 23940037 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the components of mitochondrial metabolism has potential benefits for health span and lifespan because the maintenance of efficient mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity is associated with improved health and survival. In yeast, mitochondrial function requires the tight control of several metabolic processes such as coenzyme Q biosynthesis, assuring an appropriate energy supply and antioxidant functions. Many mitochondrial processes are regulated by phosphorylation cycles mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases. In this study, we determined that the mitochondrial phosphatase Ptc7p, a Ser/Thr phosphatase, was required to regulate coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis, which in turn activated aerobic metabolism and enhanced oxidative stress resistance. We showed that Ptc7p phosphatase specifically activated coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis through the dephosphorylation of the demethoxy-Q6 hydroxylase Coq7p. The current findings revealed that Ptc7p is a regulator of mitochondrial metabolism that is essential to maintain proper function of the mitochondria by regulating energy metabolism and oxidative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- From the Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
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Jiménez N, Curiel JA, Reverón I, de Las Rivas B, Muñoz R. Uncovering the Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 gallate decarboxylase involved in tannin degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4253-63. [PMID: 23645198 PMCID: PMC3697502 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00840-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium able to degrade tannins by the subsequent action of tannase and gallate decarboxylase enzymes. The gene encoding tannase had previously been identified, whereas the gene encoding gallate decarboxylase is unknown. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of gallic-acid induced L. plantarum extracts showed a 54-kDa protein which was absent in the uninduced cells. This protein was identified as Lp_2945, putatively annotated UbiD. Homology searches identified ubiD-like genes located within three-gene operons which encoded the three subunits of nonoxidative aromatic acid decarboxylases. L. plantarum is the only bacterium in which the lpdC (lp_2945) gene and the lpdB and lpdD (lp_0271 and lp_0272) genes are separated in the chromosome. Combination of extracts from recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the lpdB, lpdC, and lpdC genes demonstrated that LpdC is the only protein required to yield gallate decarboxylase activity. However, the disruption of these genes in L. plantarum revealed that the lpdB and lpdC gene products are essential for gallate decarboxylase activity. Similar to L. plantarum tannase, which exhibited activity only in esters derived from gallic and protocatechuic acids, purified His6-LpdC protein from E. coli showed decarboxylase activity against gallic and protocatechuic acids. In contrast to the tannase activity, gallate decarboxylase activity is widely present among lactic acid bacteria. This study constitutes the first genetic characterization of a gallate decarboxylase enzyme and provides new insights into the role of the different subunits of bacterial nonoxidative aromatic acid decarboxylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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245
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Coenzyme Q10 depletion in medical and neuropsychiatric disorders: potential repercussions and therapeutic implications. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:883-903. [PMID: 23761046 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant, a membrane stabilizer, and a vital cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, enabling the generation of adenosine triphosphate. It additionally regulates gene expression and apoptosis; is an essential cofactor of uncoupling proteins; and has anti-inflammatory, redox modulatory, and neuroprotective effects. This paper reviews the known physiological role of CoQ10 in cellular metabolism, cell death, differentiation and gene regulation, and examines the potential repercussions of CoQ10 depletion including its role in illnesses such as Parkinson's disease, depression, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia. CoQ10 depletion may play a role in the pathophysiology of these disorders by modulating cellular processes including hydrogen peroxide formation, gene regulation, cytoprotection, bioenegetic performance, and regulation of cellular metabolism. CoQ10 treatment improves quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease and may play a role in delaying the progression of that disorder. Administration of CoQ10 has antidepressive effects. CoQ10 treatment significantly reduces fatigue and improves ergonomic performance during exercise and thus may have potential in alleviating the exercise intolerance and exhaustion displayed by people with myalgic encepholamyletis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Administration of CoQ10 improves hyperalgesia and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia. The evidence base for the effectiveness of treatment with CoQ10 may be explained via its ability to ameliorate oxidative stress and protect mitochondria.
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Determination of coenzyme Q10 tissue status via high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in swine tissues (Sus scrofa domestica). Anal Biochem 2013; 437:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cornelius N, Byron C, Hargreaves I, Guerra PF, Furdek AK, Land J, Radford WW, Frerman F, Corydon TJ, Gregersen N, Olsen RKJ. Secondary coenzyme Q10 deficiency and oxidative stress in cultured fibroblasts from patients with riboflavin responsive multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3819-27. [PMID: 23727839 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for the energy production of the cells and as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. CoQ10 links the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation to the respiratory chain by accepting electrons from electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). Recently, it was shown that a group of patients with the riboflavin responsive form of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (RR-MADD) carrying inherited amino acid variations in ETF-QO also had secondary CoQ10 deficiency with beneficial effects of CoQ10 treatment, thus adding RR-MADD to an increasing number of diseases involving secondary CoQ10 deficiency. In this study, we show that moderately decreased CoQ10 levels in fibroblasts from six unrelated RR-MADD patients were associated with increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with CoQ10, but not with riboflavin, could normalize the CoQ10 level and decrease the level of ROS in the patient cells. Additionally, riboflavin-depleted control fibroblasts showed moderate CoQ10 deficiency, but not increased mitochondrial ROS, indicating that variant ETF-QO proteins and not CoQ10 deficiency are the causes of mitochondrial ROS production in the patient cells. Accordingly, the corresponding variant Rhodobacter sphaeroides ETF-QO proteins, when overexpressed in vitro, bind a CoQ10 pseudosubstrate, Q10Br, less tightly than the wild-type ETF-QO protein, suggesting that molecular oxygen can get access to the electrons in the misfolded ETF-QO protein, thereby generating superoxide and oxidative stress, which can be reversed by CoQ10 treatment.
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Hajj Chehade M, Loiseau L, Lombard M, Pecqueur L, Ismail A, Smadja M, Golinelli-Pimpaneau B, Mellot-Draznieks C, Hamelin O, Aussel L, Kieffer-Jaquinod S, Labessan N, Barras F, Fontecave M, Pierrel F. ubiI, a new gene in Escherichia coli coenzyme Q biosynthesis, is involved in aerobic C5-hydroxylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20085-92. [PMID: 23709220 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.480368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or Q) is a redox-active lipid found in organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals in which it plays a crucial role in energy-generating processes. Q biosynthesis is a complex pathway that involves multiple proteins. In this work, we show that the uncharacterized conserved visC gene is involved in Q biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, and we have renamed it ubiI. Based on genetic and biochemical experiments, we establish that the UbiI protein functions in the C5-hydroxylation reaction. A strain deficient in ubiI has a low level of Q and accumulates a compound derived from the Q biosynthetic pathway, which we purified and characterized. We also demonstrate that UbiI is only implicated in aerobic Q biosynthesis and that an alternative enzyme catalyzes the C5-hydroxylation reaction in the absence of oxygen. We have solved the crystal structure of a truncated form of UbiI. This structure shares many features with the canonical FAD-dependent para-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase and represents the first structural characterization of a monooxygenase involved in Q biosynthesis. Site-directed mutagenesis confirms that residues of the flavin binding pocket of UbiI are important for activity. With our identification of UbiI, the three monooxygenases necessary for aerobic Q biosynthesis in E. coli are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hajj Chehade
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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Jacewicz A, Izumi A, Brunner K, Schnell R, Schneider G. Structural insights into the UbiD protein family from the crystal structure of PA0254 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63161. [PMID: 23671667 PMCID: PMC3650080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase (UbiD) catalyzes the conversion of 3-polyprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate to 2-polyprenylphenol in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone. Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains two genes (PA0254 and PA5237) that are related in sequence to putative UbiD enzymes. A bioinformatics analysis suggests that the UbiD sequence family can be divided into two subclasses, with PA5237 and PA0254 belonging to different branches of this family. The three-dimensional structure of PA0254 has been determined using single wavelength anomalous diffraction and molecular replacement in two different crystal forms to resolutions of 1.95 and 2.3 Å, respectively. The subunit of PA0254 consists of three domains, an N-terminal α/β domain, a split β-barrel with a similar fold of a family of flavin reductases and a C-terminal α/β domain with a topology characteristic for the UbiD protein family. The middle domain contains a metal binding site adjacent to a large open cleft that may represent the active site. The two protein ligands binding a magnesium ion, His188 and Glu229, invariant in the PA0254 subclass, are also conserved in a corresponding metal site found in one of the FMN binding proteins from the split β-barrel fold family. PA0254 forms, in contrast to the hexameric UbiD from E. coli and P. aeruginosa, a homo-dimer. Insertion of four residues in a loop region in the PA0254 type enzymes results in structural differences that are incompatible with hexamer assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jacewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atsushi Izumi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Brunner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Schnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (RS); (GS)
| | - Gunter Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (RS); (GS)
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Differential proteome analysis of chikungunya virus infection on host cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61444. [PMID: 23593481 PMCID: PMC3622599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus that has caused multiple unprecedented and re-emerging outbreaks in both tropical and temperate countries. Despite ongoing research efforts, the underlying factors involved in facilitating CHIKV replication during early infection remains ill-characterized. The present study serves to identify host proteins modulated in response to early CHIKV infection using a proteomics approach. Methodology and Principal Findings The whole cell proteome profiles of CHIKV-infected and mock control WRL-68 cells were compared and analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE). Fifty-three spots were found to be differentially modulated and 50 were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Eight were significantly up-regulated and 42 were down-regulated. The mRNA expressions of 15 genes were also found to correlate with the corresponding protein expression. STRING network analysis identified several biological processes to be affected, including mRNA processing, translation, energy production and cellular metabolism, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and cell cycle regulation. Conclusion/Significance This study constitutes a first attempt to investigate alteration of the host cellular proteome during early CHIKV infection. Our proteomics data showed that during early infection, CHIKV affected the expression of proteins that are involved in mRNA processing, host metabolic machinery, UPP, and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) regulation (in favour of virus survival, replication and transmission). While results from this study complement the proteomics results obtained from previous late host response studies, functional characterization of these proteins is warranted to reinforce our understanding of their roles during early CHIKV infection in humans.
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