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Safari F, Afarid M, Rastegari B, Borhani-Haghighi A, Barekati-Mowahed M, Behzad-Behbahani A. CRISPR systems: Novel approaches for detection and combating COVID-19. Virus Res 2021; 294:198282. [PMID: 33428981 PMCID: PMC7832022 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type V and VI CRISPR enzymes are RNA-guided, DNA and RNA-targeting effectors that allow specific gene knockdown. Cas12 and Cas13 are CRISPR proteins that are efficient agents for diagnosis and combating single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. The programmability of these proteins paves the way for the detection and degradation of RNA viruses by targeting RNAs complementary to its CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Approximately two-thirds of viruses causing diseases contain ssRNA genomes. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has infected more than 88 million people worldwide with near 2 million deaths since December 2019. Thus, accurate and rapid diagnostic and therapeutic tools are essential for early detection and treatment of this widespread infectious disease. For us, the CRISPR based platforms seem to be a plausible new approach for an accurate detection and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we talk about Cas12 and Cas13 CRISPR systems and their applications in diagnosis and treatment of RNA virus mediated diseases. In continue, the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, and its conventional diagnostics and antivirals will be discussed. Moreover, we highlight novel CRISPR based diagnostic platforms and therapies for COVID-19. We also discuss the challenges of diagnostic CRISPR based platforms as well as clarifying the proposed solution for high efficient selective in vivo delivery of CRISPR components into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afarid
- Shooshtari Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Rastegari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mazyar Barekati-Mowahed
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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202
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Park JS, Hsieh K, Chen L, Kaushik A, Trick AY, Wang T. Digital CRISPR/Cas-Assisted Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003564. [PMID: 33717855 PMCID: PMC7927608 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented demand for rapid diagnostics in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the spotlight onto clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated systems (Cas)-assisted nucleic acid detection assays. Already benefitting from an elegant detection mechanism, fast assay time, and low reaction temperature, these assays can be further advanced via integration with powerful, digital-based detection. Thus motivated, the first digital CRISPR/Cas-assisted assay-coined digitization-enhanced CRISPR/Cas-assisted one-pot virus detection (deCOViD)-is developed and applied toward SARS-CoV-2 detection. deCOViD is realized through tuning and discretizing a one-step, fluorescence-based, CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay into sub-nanoliter reaction wells within commercially available microfluidic digital chips. The uniformly elevated digital concentrations enable deCOViD to achieve qualitative detection in <15 min and quantitative detection in 30 min with high signal-to-background ratio, broad dynamic range, and high sensitivity-down to 1 genome equivalent (GE) µL-1 of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and 20 GE µL-1 of heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2, which outstrips its benchtop-based counterpart and represents one of the fastest and most sensitive CRISPR/Cas-assisted SARS-CoV-2 detection to date. Moreover, deCOViD can detect RNA extracts from clinical samples. Taken together, deCOViD opens a new avenue for advancing CRISPR/Cas-assisted assays and combating the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Liben Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Aniruddha Kaushik
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Alexander Y. Trick
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Tza‐Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
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203
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Rhouati A, Teniou A, Badea M, Marty JL. Analysis of Recent Bio-/Nanotechnologies for Coronavirus Diagnosis and Therapy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1485. [PMID: 33672772 PMCID: PMC7924586 DOI: 10.3390/s21041485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite barrier measures and physical distancing tailored by the populations worldwide, coronavirus continues to spread causing severe health and social-economic problems. Therefore, researchers are focusing on developing efficient detection and therapeutic platforms for SARS-CoV2. In this context, various biotechnologies, based on novel molecules targeting the virus with high specificity and affinity, have been described. In parallel, new approaches exploring nanotechnology have been proposed for enhancing treatments and diagnosis. We discuss in the first part of this review paper, the different biosensing and rapid tests based on antibodies, nucleic acids and peptide probes described since the beginning of the pandemic. Furthermore, given their numerous advantages, the contribution of nanotechnologies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Rhouati
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Higher National School of Biotechnology, Constantine 25016, Algeria;
| | - Ahlem Teniou
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Higher National School of Biotechnology, Constantine 25016, Algeria;
| | - Mihaela Badea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500039 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- Laboratoire BAE, Université de Perpignan Via domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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204
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Gao Y, Han Y, Wang C, Qiang L, Gao J, Wang Y, Liu H, Han L, Zhang Y. Rapid and sensitive triple-mode detection of causative SARS-CoV-2 virus specific genes through interaction between genes and nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1154:338330. [PMID: 33736792 PMCID: PMC7887451 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious, which threatens human health and has received increasing attention. So far, there is no specific drug or vaccine for COVID-19. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a rapid and sensitive early diagnosis platform, which is of great significance for physical separation of infected persons after rapid diagnosis. Here, we propose a colorimetric/SERS/fluorescence triple-mode biosensor based on AuNPs for the fast selective detection of viral RNA in 40 min. AuNPs with average size of 17 nm were synthesized, and colorimetric, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and fluorescence signals of sensors are simultaneously detected based on their basic aggregation property and affinity energy to different bio-molecules. The sensor achieves a limit detection of femtomole level in all triple modes, which is 160 fM in absorbance mode, 259 fM in fluorescence mode, and 395 fM in SERS mode. The triple-mode signals of the sensor are verified with each other to make the experimental results more accurate, and the capacity to recognize single-base mismatch in each working mode minimizes the false negative/positive reading of SARS-CoV-2. The proposed sensing platform provides a new way for the fast, sensitive, and selective detection of COVID-19 and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Gao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingkuan Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Le Qiang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yanhao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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205
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Sun Y, Yu L, Liu C, Ye S, Chen W, Li D, Huang W. One-tube SARS-CoV-2 detection platform based on RT-RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a. J Transl Med 2021; 19:74. [PMID: 33593370 PMCID: PMC7884969 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world, affecting a large percentage of the population. When lifting certain mandatory measures for an economic restart, robust surveillance must be established and implemented, with nucleic acid detection for SARS-CoV-2 as an essential component. METHODS We tried to develop a one-tube detection platform based on RT-RPA (Reverse Transcription and Recombinase Polymerase Isothermal Amplification) and DNA Endonuclease-Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter (DETECTR) technology, termed OR-DETECTR, to detect SARS-CoV-2. We designed RT-RPA primers of the RdRp and N genes following the SARS-CoV-2 gene sequence. We optimized reaction components so that the detection process could be carried out in one tube. Specificity was demonstrated by detecting nucleic acid samples from pseudoviruses from seven human coronaviruses and Influenza A (H1N1). Clinical samples were used to validate the platform and all results were compared to rRT-PCR. RNA standards and pseudoviruses diluted by different gradients were used to demonstrate the detection limit. Additionally, we have developed a lateral flow assay based on OR-DETECTR for detecting COVID-19. RESULTS The OR-DETECTR detection process can be completed in one tube, which takes approximately 50 min. This method can specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 from seven human coronaviruses and Influenza A (H1N1), with a low detection limit of 2.5 copies/µl input (RNA standard) and 1 copy/µl input (pseudovirus). Results of six samples from SARS-CoV-2 patients, eight samples from patients with fever but no SARS-CoV-2 infection, and one mixed sample from 40 negative controls showed that OR-DETECTR is 100% consistent with rRT-PCR. The lateral flow assay based on OR-DETECTR can be used for the detection of COVID-19, and the detection limit is 2.5 copies/µl input. CONCLUSIONS The OR-DETECTR platform for the detection of COVID-19 is rapid, accurate, tube closed, easy-to-operate, and free of large instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- Department of Urology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518039, China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Urology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518039, China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shanting Ye
- Department of Urology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518039, China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518039, China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Dechang Li
- Yuebei Second People's Hospital, Shaoguan, 512000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weiren Huang
- Department of Urology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518039, China.
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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206
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CRISPR/Cas9-Based Lateral Flow and Fluorescence Diagnostics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8020023. [PMID: 33673107 PMCID: PMC7918862 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas) proteins can be designed to bind specified DNA and RNA sequences and hold great promise for the accurate detection of nucleic acids for diagnostics. We integrated commercially available reagents into a CRISPR/Cas9-based lateral flow assay that can detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequences with single-base specificity. This approach requires minimal equipment and represents a simplified platform for field-based deployment. We also developed a rapid, multiplex fluorescence CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease cleavage assay capable of detecting and differentiating SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B, and respiratory syncytial virus in a single reaction. Our findings provide proof-of-principle for CRISPR/Cas9 point-of-care diagnosis as well as a scalable fluorescent platform for identifying respiratory viral pathogens with overlapping symptomology.
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207
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Jain S, Nehra M, Kumar R, Dilbaghi N, Hu T, Kumar S, Kaushik A, Li CZ. Internet of medical things (IoMT)-integrated biosensors for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113074. [PMID: 33596516 PMCID: PMC7866895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On global scale, the current situation of pandemic is symptomatic of increased incidences of contagious diseases caused by pathogens. The faster spread of these diseases, in a moderately short timeframe, is threatening the overall population wellbeing and conceivably the economy. The inadequacy of conventional diagnostic tools in terms of time consuming and complex laboratory-based diagnosis process is a major challenge to medical care. In present era, the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) is in demand for fast detection of infectious diseases along with “on-site” results that are helpful in timely and early action for better treatment. In addition, POCT devices also play a crucial role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases by offering real-time testing and lab quality microbial diagnosis within minutes. Timely diagnosis and further treatment optimization facilitate the containment of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Presently, efforts are being made to support such POCT by the technological development in the field of internet of medical things (IoMT). The IoMT offers wireless-based operation and connectivity of POCT devices with health expert and medical centre. In this review, the recently developed POC diagnostics integrated or future possibilities of integration with IoMT are discussed with focus on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases like malaria, dengue fever, influenza A (H1N1), human papilloma virus (HPV), Ebola virus disease (EVD), Zika virus (ZIKV), and coronavirus (COVID-19). The IoMT-assisted POCT systems are capable enough to fill the gap between bioinformatics generation, big rapid analytics, and clinical validation. An optimized IoMT-assisted POCT will be useful in understanding the diseases progression, treatment decision, and evaluation of efficacy of prescribed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - TonyY Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805-8531, United States.
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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208
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Chaibun T, Puenpa J, Ngamdee T, Boonapatcharoen N, Athamanolap P, O'Mullane AP, Vongpunsawad S, Poovorawan Y, Lee SY, Lertanantawong B. Rapid electrochemical detection of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:802. [PMID: 33547323 PMCID: PMC7864991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnosis of COVID-19 depends on quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), which is time-consuming and requires expensive instrumentation. Here, we report an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor based on isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. The assay involves the hybridization of the RCA amplicons with probes that were functionalized with redox active labels that are detectable by an electrochemical biosensor. The one-step sandwich hybridization assay could detect as low as 1 copy/μL of N and S genes, in less than 2 h. Sensor evaluation with 106 clinical samples, including 41 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 9 samples positive for other respiratory viruses, gave a 100% concordance result with qRT-PCR, with complete correlation between the biosensor current signals and quantitation cycle (Cq) values. In summary, this biosensor could be used as an on-site, real-time diagnostic test for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyarat Chaibun
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tatchanun Ngamdee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute (PDTI), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpat Athamanolap
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Anthony Peter O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sompong Vongpunsawad
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Su Yin Lee
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Benchaporn Lertanantawong
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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209
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Huang D, Shi Z, Qian J, Bi K, Fang M, Xu Z. A CRISPR-Cas12a-derived biosensor enabling portable personal glucose meter readout for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1587-1596. [PMID: 33410130 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the whole world and caused significant difficulties in the prevention and control of the epidemic. In this case, several detection methods have been established based on nucleic acid diagnostic techniques and immunoassays to achieve sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, most methods are still largely dependent on professional instruments, highly trained operators, and centralized laboratories. These limitations gravely diminish their practicality and portability. Herein, a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) Cas12a based assay was developed for portable, rapid and sensitive of SARS-CoV-2. In this assay, samples were quickly pretreated and amplified by reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification under mild conditions. Then, by combining the CRISPR Cas12a system and a glucose-producing reaction, the signal of the virus was converted to that of glucose, which can be quantitatively read by a personal glucose meter in a few seconds. Nucleocapsid protein gene was tested as a model target, and the sensitivity for quantitative detection was as low as 10 copies/μl, which basically meet the needs of clinical diagnosis. In addition, with the advantages of lower material cost, shorter detection time, and no requirement for professional instrument in comparison with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, this assay is expected to provide a powerful technical support for the early diagnosis and intervention during epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Bi
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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210
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Mohamadian M, Chiti H, Shoghli A, Biglari S, Parsamanesh N, Esmaeilzadeh A. COVID-19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3303. [PMID: 33305456 PMCID: PMC7883242 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus tentatively named SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, a central city in China, was announced by the World Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that has become a major public health concern after the outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and 2012, respectively. As of 29 October 2020, the total number of COVID-19 cases had reached over 44 million worldwide, with more than 1.17 million confirmed deaths. DISCUSSION SARS-CoV-2 infected patients usually present with severe viral pneumonia. Similar to SARS-CoV, the virus enters respiratory tract cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor 2. The structural proteins play an essential role in budding the virus particles released from different host cells. To date, an approved vaccine or treatment option of a preventive character to avoid severe courses of COVID-19 is still not available. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we provide a brief review of the general biological features of CoVs and explain the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and diagnostic approaches regarding monitoring future infectivity and prevent emerging COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mohamadian
- Department of Molecular MedicineBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research CenterZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Alireza Shoghli
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Sajjad Biglari
- School of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research CenterZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of ImmunologyZanjan University of Medical ScienceZanjanIran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research CenterZanjan University of Medical ScienceZanjanIran
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Lee CY, Degani I, Cheong J, Lee JH, Choi HJ, Cheon J, Lee H. Fluorescence polarization system for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113049. [PMID: 33540323 PMCID: PMC7846465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prompt diagnosis, patient isolation, and contact tracing are key measures to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molecular tests are the current gold standard for COVID-19 detection, but are carried out at central laboratories, delaying treatment and control decisions. Here we describe a portable assay system for rapid, onsite COVID-19 diagnosis. Termed CODA (CRISPR Optical Detection of Anisotropy), the method combined isothermal nucleic acid amplification, activation of CRISPR/Cas12a, and signal generation in a single assay, eliminating extra manual steps. Importantly, signal detection was based on the ratiometric measurement of fluorescent anisotropy, which allowed CODA to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. For point-of-care operation, we built a compact, standalone CODA device integrating optoelectronics, an embedded heater, and a microcontroller for data processing. The developed system completed SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection within 20 min of sample loading; the limit of detection reached 3 copy/μL. When applied to clinical samples (10 confirmed COVID-19 patients; 10 controls), the rapid CODA test accurately classified COVID-19 status, in concordance with gold-standard clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yeol Lee
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for Nanomedicine, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ismail Degani
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiyong Cheong
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for Nanomedicine, Seoul, South Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for Nanomedicine, Seoul, South Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for Nanomedicine, Seoul, South Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hakho Lee
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for Nanomedicine, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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212
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Affiliation(s)
- Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST and CIBER-BBN, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical & Computer Engineering and Bioengineering Departments, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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213
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Li F, Ye Q, Chen M, Xiang X, Zhang J, Pang R, Xue L, Wang J, Gu Q, Lei T, Wei X, Ding Y, Wu Q. Cas12aFDet: A CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescence platform for sensitive and specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4c. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1151:338248. [PMID: 33608071 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas12a system has displayed remarkable potential in the development of new methods for nucleic acid detection owing to the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a. Despite the tremendous development in recent years, existing CRISPR/Cas12a-based methods have several limitations such as the time-consuming process, which takes up to 2 h, and the risk of aerosol contamination during DNA amplicon transfer. Herein, we propose a CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescence detection platform named "Cas12aFDet" for rapid nucleic acid detection that overcomes these limitations. By integrating PCR or recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) methods with Cas12a-mediated cleavage in a sealed reaction tube, Cas12aFDet-based detection of amplified products could be accomplished within 15 min, while avoiding amplicon contamination. The detection limits of PCR-based Cas12aFDet and RAA-based Cas12aFDet were determined to be 3.37 × 101 cfu/mL and 1.35 × 102 cfu/mL of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4c in pure culture, respectively. Most importantly, RAA-based Cas12aFDet exhibited 0.64 aM sensitivity for DNA detection, and showed high specificity for detection of other serotypes of Listeria and non-Listeria strains. Furthermore, the feasibility of the RAA-based Cas12aFDet method was evaluated in spiked and natural samples, enabling the quantitative detection of 1.35 × 108-1.35 × 103 cfu/g fresh grass carp of the target L. monocytogenes serotype 4c, and the results obtained for 22 natural aquatic samples were highly consistent with those of the culture-based serotyping method. The established Cas12aFDet platform is expected to provide a new paradigm for the sensitive and specific detection of pathogens in food safety and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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214
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González-González E, Lara-Mayorga IM, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Zhang YS, Martínez-Chapa SO, Santiago GTD, Alvarez MM. Colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for cost-effective and quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2: the change in color in LAMP-based assays quantitatively correlates with viral copy number. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:169-178. [PMID: 33399137 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01658f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to detect and amplify SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequences using a set of in-house designed initiators that target regions encoding the N protein. We were able to detect and amplify SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in the range of 62 to 2 × 105 DNA copies by this straightforward method. Using synthetic SARS-CoV-2 samples and RNA extracts from patients, we demonstrate that colorimetric LAMP is a quantitative method comparable in diagnostic performance to RT-qPCR (i.e., sensitivity of 92.85% and specificity of 81.25% in a set of 44 RNA extracts from patients analyzed in a hospital setting).
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo González-González
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. and Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Itzel Montserrat Lara-Mayorga
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico and Alfa Medical Center, Guadalupe, CP 67100, NL, Mexico
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, MA, USA
| | - Sergio O Martínez-Chapa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecátrónica y Eléctrica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. and Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnologico de Monterrey, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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215
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Andryukov BG, Besednova NN, Kuznetsova TA, Fedyanina LN. Laboratory-Based Resources for COVID-19 Diagnostics: Traditional Tools and Novel Technologies. A Perspective of Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11010042. [PMID: 33451039 PMCID: PMC7828525 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, has provoked a global healthcare and economic crisis. The control over the spread of the disease requires an efficient and scalable laboratory-based strategy for testing the population based on multiple platforms to provide rapid and accurate diagnosis. With the onset of the pandemic, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method has become a standard diagnostic tool, which has received wide clinical use. In large-scale and repeated examinations, these tests can identify infected patients with COVID-19, with their accuracy, however, dependent on many factors, while the entire process takes up to 6–8 h. Here we also describe a number of serological systems for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. These are used to assess the level of population immunity in various categories of people, as well as for retrospective diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 in patients. However, the widespread use of traditional diagnostic tools in the context of the rapid spread of COVID-19 is hampered by a number of limitations. Therefore, the sharp increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 necessitates creation of new rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific tests. In this regard, we focus on new laboratory technologies such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), which have proven to work well in the COVID-19 diagnostics and can become a worthy alternative to traditional laboratory-based diagnostics resources. To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, the healthcare system requires a combination of various types of laboratory diagnostic testing techniques, whodse sensitivity and specificity increases with the progress in the SARS-CoV-2 research. The testing strategy should be designed in such a way to provide, depending on the timing of examination and the severity of the infection in patients, large-scale and repeated examinations based on the principle: screening–monitoring–control. The search and development of new methods for rapid diagnostics of COVID-19 in laboratory, based on new analytical platforms, is still a highly important and urgent healthcare issue. In the final part of the review, special emphasis is made on the relevance of the concept of personalized medicine to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the light of the recent studies carried out to identify the causes of variation in individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris G. Andryukov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.N.B.); (T.A.K.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4232-304-647
| | - Natalya N. Besednova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.N.B.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (N.N.B.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Ludmila N. Fedyanina
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
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216
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Jayamohan H, Lambert CJ, Sant HJ, Jafek A, Patel D, Feng H, Beeman M, Mahmood T, Nze U, Gale BK. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review of molecular diagnostic tools including sample collection and commercial response with associated advantages and limitations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:49-71. [PMID: 33073312 PMCID: PMC7568947 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented global pandemic known as SARS-CoV-2 has exercised to its limits nearly all aspects of modern viral diagnostics. In doing so, it has illuminated both the advantages and limitations of current technologies. Tremendous effort has been put forth to expand our capacity to diagnose this deadly virus. In this work, we put forth key observations in the functionality of current methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing. These methods include nucleic acid amplification-, CRISPR-, sequencing-, antigen-, and antibody-based detection methods. Additionally, we include analysis of equally critical aspects of COVID-19 diagnostics, including sample collection and preparation, testing models, and commercial response. We emphasize the integrated nature of assays, wherein issues in sample collection and preparation could impact the overall performance in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Jayamohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Christopher J Lambert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Himanshu J Sant
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Alexander Jafek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Haidong Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Michael Beeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Tawsif Mahmood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ugochukwu Nze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Bruce K Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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217
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Zheng YZ, Chen JT, Li J, Wu XJ, Wen JZ, Liu XZ, Lin LY, Liang XY, Huang HY, Zha GC, Yang PK, Li LJ, Zhong TY, Liu L, Cheng WJ, Song XN, Lin M. Reverse Transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay With Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay for Rapid Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:613304. [PMID: 33598439 PMCID: PMC7882697 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.613304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has challenged the public health globally. With the increasing requirement of detection for SARS-CoV-2 outside of the laboratory setting, a rapid and precise Point of Care Test (POCT) is urgently needed. METHODS Targeting the nucleocapsid (N) gene of SARS-CoV-2, specific primers, and probes for reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification coupled with lateral flow dipstick (RT-RAA/LFD) platform were designed. For specificity evaluation, it was tested with human coronaviruses, human influenza A virus, influenza B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and hepatitis B virus, respectively. For sensitivity assay, it was estimated by templates of recombinant plasmid and pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. For clinical assessment, 100 clinical samples (13 positive and 87 negatives for SARS-CoV-2) were tested via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and RT-RAA/LFD, respectively. RESULTS The limit of detection was 1 copies/μl in RT-RAA/LFD assay, which could be conducted within 30 min at 39°C, without any cross-reaction with other human coronaviruses and clinical respiratory pathogens. Compared with RT-qPCR, the established POCT assay offered 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity in the detection of clinical samples. CONCLUSION This work provides a convenient POCT tool for rapid screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of suspected patients in SARS-CoV-2 endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Zheng
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xian-Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Wen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaozhou, China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, China
| | - Li-Yun Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, China
| | - Hui-Ying Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, China
| | - Guang-Cai Zha
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Pei-Kui Yang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Lie-Jun Li
- Department of Research and Development, Chaozhou Hybribio Limited Corporation, Chaozhou, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Wei-Jia Cheng
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Song
- Department of Human Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Lin,
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218
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Fabiani L, Saroglia M, Galatà G, De Santis R, Fillo S, Luca V, Faggioni G, D'Amore N, Regalbuto E, Salvatori P, Terova G, Moscone D, Lista F, Arduini F. Magnetic beads combined with carbon black-based screen-printed electrodes for COVID-19: A reliable and miniaturized electrochemical immunosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112686. [PMID: 33086175 PMCID: PMC7833515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus over the world generated COVID-19 pandemic event as reported by World Health Organization on March 2020. The huge issue is the high infectivity and the absence of vaccine and customised drugs allowing for hard management of this outbreak, thus a rapid and on site analysis is a need to contain the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we developed an electrochemical immunoassay for rapid and smart detection of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in saliva. The electrochemical assay was conceived for Spike (S) protein or Nucleocapsid (N) protein detection using magnetic beads as support of immunological chain and secondary antibody with alkaline phosphatase as immunological label. The enzymatic by-product 1-naphtol was detected using screen-printed electrodes modified with carbon black nanomaterial. The analytical features of the electrochemical immunoassay were evaluated using the standard solution of S and N protein in buffer solution and untreated saliva with a detection limit equal to 19 ng/mL and 8 ng/mL in untreated saliva, respectively for S and N protein. Its effectiveness was assessed using cultured virus in biosafety level 3 and in saliva clinical samples comparing the data using the nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested with Real-Time PCR. The agreement of the data, the low detection limit achieved, the rapid analysis (30 min), the miniaturization, and portability of the instrument combined with the easiness to use and no-invasive sampling, confer to this analytical tool high potentiality for market entry as the first highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 detection in untreated saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fabiani
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saroglia
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galatà
- GTS Consulting S.r.l., Via Consolare Pompea 1, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Fillo
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Luca
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nino D'Amore
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Genciana Terova
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Arduini
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED, Via Renato Rascel 30, 00128, Rome, Italy.
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219
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Machado BAS, Hodel KVS, Barbosa-Júnior VG, Soares MBP, Badaró R. The Main Molecular and Serological Methods for Diagnosing COVID-19: An Overview Based on the Literature. Viruses 2020; 13:E40. [PMID: 33383888 PMCID: PMC7823618 DOI: 10.3390/v13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic tests have been considered as the main alternative for the control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a correct diagnosis allows for decision making when facing the disease, particularly as there is a lack of effective therapeutic protocols and vaccines. Thus, in this review, we summarized the main diagnostic approaches currently available for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans based on studies available in article databases. The tests can be organized into two main categories: nucleic acid-based tests, recommended for the initial detection of the virus, and serological tests, recommended for assessing the disease progression. The studies have shown that the performance of diagnostic methods depends on different factors, such as the type of samples and the characteristics of each assay. It was identified that the positivity of the tests is mainly related to the onset of symptoms. We also observed that point-of-care diagnoses are considered as one of the main trends in this area, due to the low-cost and simplicity of the assay; however, the analytical performance must be critically analyzed. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical role of diagnostic technologies in the control of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (V.G.B.-J.); (M.B.P.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (V.G.B.-J.); (M.B.P.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Valdir Gomes Barbosa-Júnior
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (V.G.B.-J.); (M.B.P.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (V.G.B.-J.); (M.B.P.S.); (R.B.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Badaró
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (V.G.B.-J.); (M.B.P.S.); (R.B.)
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Xu L, Li D, Ramadan S, Li Y, Klein N. Facile biosensors for rapid detection of COVID-19. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 170:112673. [PMID: 33038584 PMCID: PMC7528898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently the world is being challenged by a public health emergency caused by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Extensive efforts in testing for coronavirus infection, combined with isolating infected cases and quarantining those in contact, have proven successful in bringing the epidemic under control. Rapid and facile screening of this disease is in high demand. This review summarises recent advances in strategies reported by international researchers and engineers concerning how to tackle COVID-19 via rapid testing, mainly through nucleic acid- and antibody- testing. The roles of biosensors as powerful analytical tools are emphasized for the detection of viral RNAs, surface antigens, whole viral particles, antibodies and other potential biomarkers in human specimen. We critically review in depth newly developed biosensing methods especially for in-field and point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, this review describes possible future strategies for virus rapid detection. It helps researchers working on novel sensor technologies to tailor their technologies in a way to address the challenge for effective detection of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhou Xu
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sami Ramadan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Norbert Klein
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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221
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Pang B, Xu J, Liu Y, Peng H, Feng W, Cao Y, Wu J, Xiao H, Pabbaraju K, Tipples G, Joyce MA, Saffran HA, Tyrrell DL, Zhang H, Le XC. Isothermal Amplification and Ambient Visualization in a Single Tube for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Loop-Mediated Amplification and CRISPR Technology. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16204-16212. [PMID: 33238709 PMCID: PMC7724759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a single-tube assay for SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples. This assay combined advantages of reverse transcription (RT) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) enzyme Cas12a. Our assay is able to detect SARS-CoV-2 in a single tube within 40 min, requiring only a single temperature control (62 °C). The RT-LAMP reagents were added to the sample vial, while CRISPR Cas12a reagents were deposited onto the lid of the vial. After a half-hour RT-LAMP amplification, the tube was inverted and flicked to mix the detection reagents with the amplicon. The sequence-specific recognition of the amplicon by the CRISPR guide RNA and Cas12a enzyme improved specificity. Visible green fluorescence generated by the CRISPR Cas12a system was recorded using a smartphone camera. Analysis of 100 human respiratory swab samples for the N and/or E gene of SARS-CoV-2 produced 100% clinical specificity and no false positive. Analysis of 50 samples that were detected positive using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) resulted in an overall clinical sensitivity of 94%. Importantly, this included 20 samples that required 30-39 threshold cycles of RT-qPCR to achieve a positive detection. Integration of the exponential amplification ability of RT-LAMP and the sequence-specific processing by the CRISPR-Cas system into a molecular assay resulted in improvements in both analytical sensitivity and specificity. The single-tube assay is beneficial for future point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Jingyang Xu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Yanming Liu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Hanyong Peng
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Wei Feng
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Yiren Cao
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Huyan Xiao
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Kanti Pabbaraju
- Provincial
Laboratory for Public Health (ProvLab), Alberta Precision Laboratories, 3030 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4W4
| | - Graham Tipples
- Provincial
Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Precision
Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospitals, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J2
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Michael A. Joyce
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Holly A. Saffran
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine
and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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222
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Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Lukas H, Tu J, Min J, Yang Y, Xu C, Rossiter HB, Gao W. SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring. MATTER 2020; 3:1981-1998. [PMID: 33043291 PMCID: PMC7535803 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global challenge for public health systems. Ultrasensitive and early identification of infection is critical in preventing widespread COVID-19 infection by presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, especially in the community and in-home settings. We demonstrate a multiplexed, portable, wireless electrochemical platform for ultra-rapid detection of COVID-19: the SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex. It detects viral antigen nucleocapsid protein, IgM and IgG antibodies, as well as the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein, based on our mass-producible laser-engraved graphene electrodes. We demonstrate ultrasensitive, highly selective, and rapid electrochemical detection in the physiologically relevant ranges. We successfully evaluated the applicability of our SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex platform with COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative blood and saliva samples. Based on this pilot study, our multiplexed immunosensor platform may allow for high-frequency at-home testing for COVID-19 telemedicine diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca M Torrente-Rodríguez
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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223
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Funari R, Chu KY, Shen AQ. Detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by gold nanospikes in an opto-microfluidic chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112578. [PMID: 32911317 PMCID: PMC7467868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to active research in its associated diagnostics and medical treatments. While quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most reliable method to detect viral genes of SARS-CoV-2, serological tests for specific antiviral antibodies are also important as they identify false negative qRT-PCR responses, track how effectively the patient's immune system is fighting the infection, and are potentially helpful for plasma transfusion therapies. In this work, based on the principle of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), we develop an opto-microfluidic sensing platform with gold nanospikes, fabricated by electrodeposition, to detect the presence and amount of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in 1μL of human plasma diluted in 1mL of buffer solution, within ∼30min. The target antibody concentration can be correlated with the LSPR wavelength peak shift of gold nanospikes caused by the local refractive index change due to the antigen-antibody binding. This label-free microfluidic platform achieves a limit of detection of ∼0.08ng/mL (∼0.5pM), falling under the clinical relevant concentration range. We demonstrate that our opto-microfluidic platform offers a promising point-of-care testing tool to complement standard serological assays and make SARS-CoV-2 quantitative diagnostics easier, cheaper, and faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Funari
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Kang-Yu Chu
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
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224
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Niu A, McDougal A, Ning B, Safa F, Luk A, Mushatt DM, Nachabe A, Zwezdaryk KJ, Robinson J, Peterson T, Socola F, Safah H, Hu T, Saba NS. COVID-19 in allogeneic stem cell transplant: high false-negative probability and role of CRISPR and convalescent plasma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:2354-2356. [PMID: 32541689 PMCID: PMC7294520 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Allografts
- COVID-19/diagnosis
- COVID-19/etiology
- COVID-19/therapy
- COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods
- COVID-19 Serological Testing
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- False Negative Reactions
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunocompromised Host
- Leukemia, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, B-Cell/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pandemics
- SARS-CoV-2
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Niu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - April McDougal
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Firas Safa
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alfred Luk
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David M Mushatt
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Adeem Nachabe
- Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James Robinson
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tim Peterson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Francisco Socola
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hana Safah
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tony Hu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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225
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Wang X, Shang X, Huang X. Next-generation pathogen diagnosis with CRISPR/Cas-based detection methods. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1682-1691. [PMID: 32643563 PMCID: PMC7473117 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1793689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ideal methods for detecting pathogens should be sensitive, specific, rapid, cost-effective and instrument-free. Conventional nucleic acid pathogen detection strategies, mostly PCR-based techniques, have various limitations, such as expensive equipment, reagents and skilled performance. Recently, CRISPR/Cas-based methods have burst onto the scene, with the potential to power the pathogen detection field. Here we introduce these unique methods and discuss its hurdles and promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Suzhou Maximum Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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226
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2). Genomic analysis has revealed that bat and pangolin coronaviruses are phylogenetically related to SARS-CoV-2. The actual origin and passage history of the virus are unknown, but human-human transmission of the virus has been confirmed. Several diagnostic techniques have been developed to detect COVID-19 in this prevailing pandemic period. In this review, we provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. The origin, structure, current diagnostic techniques, such as molecular assays based on oligonucleotides, immunoassay-based detection, nanomaterial-based biosensing, and distinctive sample based detection are also discussed. Furthermore, our review highlights the admissible treatment strategies for COVID-19 and future perspectives on the development of biosensing techniques and vaccines for the diagnosis and prevention of the disease, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Chellasamy
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Saravanan Govindaraju
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
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227
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228
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Vatankhah M, Azizi A, Sanajouyan Langeroudi A, Ataei Azimi S, Khorsand I, Kerachian MA, Motaei J. CRISPR-based biosensing systems: a way to rapidly diagnose COVID-19. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:225-241. [PMID: 33245685 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1849010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus has highlighted the challenges of detecting viral infections, especially in resource-limited settings. The SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission chain is interrupted when screening and diagnosis can be performed on a large scale by identifying asymptomatic or moderately symptomatic patients. Diagnosis of COVID-19 with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been limited due to inadequate access to complex, expensive equipment and reagents, which has impeded efforts to reduce the spread of virus transmission. Recently, the development of several diagnostic platforms based on the CRISPR-Cas system has reduced the dependence on RT-PCR. The first CRISPR-based diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The biosensing systems have several important features that make them suitable for point-of-care tests, including the speed of design and synthesis of each platform in less than a few days, an assay time of 1-2 h, and the cost of materials and reagents less than one dollar per test. The HUDSON-SHERLOCK and STOPCovid biosensing systems, as field-deployable and rapid diagnostic tests, can detect low-copy viruses in body fluids without nucleic acid extraction and with minimal equipment. In addition, Cas13-based treatment strategies could potentially be an effective antiviral strategy for the prevention and treatment of emerging pandemic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we describe recent advances in CRISPR-based diagnostic platforms with an emphasis on their use in the rapid diagnosis and potential treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Vatankhah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amir Azizi
- Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | | | - Sajad Ataei Azimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Imaneh Khorsand
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Motaei
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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229
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Alhalaili B, Popescu IN, Kamoun O, Alzubi F, Alawadhia S, Vidu R. Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV and Other Pandemic/Epidemic Respiratory Viruses: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6591. [PMID: 33218097 PMCID: PMC7698809 DOI: 10.3390/s20226591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered a public health emergency of international concern. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused this pandemic has spread rapidly to over 200 countries, and has drastically affected public health and the economies of states at unprecedented levels. In this context, efforts around the world are focusing on solving this problem in several directions of research, by: (i) exploring the origin and evolution of the phylogeny of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome; (ii) developing nanobiosensors that could be highly effective in detecting the new coronavirus; (iii) finding effective treatments for COVID-19; and (iv) working on vaccine development. In this paper, an overview of the progress made in the development of nanobiosensors for the detection of human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is presented, along with specific techniques for modifying the surface of nanobiosensors. The newest detection methods of the influenza virus responsible for acute respiratory syndrome were compared with conventional methods, highlighting the newest trends in diagnostics, applications, and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 causative virus) nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alhalaili
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (B.A.); (F.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ileana Nicoleta Popescu
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Mechanics, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia Street, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Olfa Kamoun
- Physics of Semiconductor Devices Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Feras Alzubi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (B.A.); (F.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sami Alawadhia
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (B.A.); (F.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ruxandra Vidu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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230
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Parihar A, Ranjan P, Sanghi SK, Srivastava AK, Khan R. Point-of-Care Biosensor-Based Diagnosis of COVID-19 Holds Promise to Combat Current and Future Pandemics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7326-7343. [PMID: 35019474 PMCID: PMC7571308 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and rapid detection of viruses plays an extremely important role in disease prevention, diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. Early screening of viral infection among the population has the potential to combat the spread of infection. However, the traditional methods of virus detection being used currently, such as plate culturing and quantitative RT-PCR, give promising results, but they are time-consuming and require expert analysis and costly equipment and reagents; therefore, they are not affordable by people in low socio-economic groups in developing countries. Further, mass or bulk testing chosen by many governments to tackle the pandemic situation has led to severe shortages of testing kits and reagents and hence are affecting the demand and supply chain drastically. We tried to include all the reported current scenario-based biosensors such as electrochemical, optical, and microfluidics, which have the potential to replace mainstream diagnostic methods and therefore could pave the way to combat COVID-19. Apart from this, we have also provided information on commercially available biosensors for detection of SARS-CoV-2 along with the challenges in development of better diagnostic approaches. It is therefore expected that the content of this review will help researchers to design and develop more sensitive advanced commercial biosensor devices for early diagnosis of viral infection, which can open up avenues for better and more specific therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Department of Genetics,
Barkatullah University, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh - 462026, India
| | - Pushpesh Ranjan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and
Processes Research Institute, CSIR-AMPRI,
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh - 462026, India
| | - Sunil K. Sanghi
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and
Processes Research Institute, CSIR-AMPRI,
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462026, India
| | - Avanish K. Srivastava
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and
Processes Research Institute, CSIR-AMPRI,
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462026, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and
Processes Research Institute, CSIR-AMPRI,
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462026, India
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231
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Berlanda SF, Breitfeld M, Dietsche CL, Dittrich PS. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technology for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2020; 93:311-331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon F. Berlanda
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Breitfeld
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudius L. Dietsche
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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232
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Pal P, Ibrahim M, Niu A, Zwezdaryk KJ, Tatje E, Robinson WR, Ko L, Satyavarapu I, Jones WE, Nachabe A, Luk A, Mushatt DM, Halvorson K, Denson JL, Smith CC, Simeone F, Davis G, Gill SK, McDougal A, Vigh AS, Peterson TG, Ning B, Hu T, Socola F, Robinson J, Safah H, Saba NS. Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in severe pulmonary disease: A report of 17 patients. Transfus Med 2020; 31:217-220. [PMID: 33073895 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pal
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Moayed Ibrahim
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alex Niu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elise Tatje
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - William R Robinson
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leta Ko
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ishwarya Satyavarapu
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wallace E Jones
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Adeem Nachabe
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alfred Luk
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David M Mushatt
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karin Halvorson
- Section of Pulmonary Disease, Critical care and Environmental Medicine, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joshua L Denson
- Section of Pulmonary Disease, Critical care and Environmental Medicine, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles C Smith
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Touro LCMC Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Francesco Simeone
- Section of Pulmonary Disease, Critical care and Environmental Medicine, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gaynelle Davis
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sukhmani K Gill
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - April McDougal
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aniko S Vigh
- Clinical Research Department, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tim G Peterson
- Section of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tony Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Francisco Socola
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - James Robinson
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hana Safah
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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233
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Liu R, He L, Hu Y, Luo Z, Zhang J. A serological aptamer-assisted proximity ligation assay for COVID-19 diagnosis and seeking neutralizing aptamers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12157-12164. [PMID: 34123223 PMCID: PMC8162504 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 plays an essential role in the current epidemic prevention and control. Despite the promise of nucleic acid and antibody tests, there is still a great challenge to reduce the misdiagnosis, especially for asymptomatic individuals. Here we report a generalizable method for highly specific and ultrasensitive detection of serum COVID-19-associated antigens based on an aptamer-assisted proximity ligation assay. The sensor is based on binding two aptamer probes to the same protein target that brings the ligation DNA region into close proximity, thereby initiating ligation-dependent qPCR amplification. Using this system, serum nucleocapsid protein has been detected quantitatively by converting protein recognition into a detectable qPCR signal using a simple, homogeneous and fast detection workflow in ∼2 hours. In addition, this system has also been transformed into a universal platform for measuring specific interactions between spike S1 and its receptor ACE2, and more importantly demonstrated the feasibility for screening and investigation of potential neutralizing aptamers. Since in vitro selection can obtain aptamers selective for many COVID-19-associated antigens, the method demonstrated here will serve as an important tool for the diagnosis and therapeutics of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lei He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Core Facility Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Binhu Hospital of Hefei City Hefei 230022 China
| | - Zhaofeng Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Core Facility Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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234
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Everitt ML, Tillery A, David MG, Singh N, Borison A, White IM. A critical review of point-of-care diagnostic technologies to combat viral pandemics. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1146:184-199. [PMID: 33461715 PMCID: PMC7548029 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic of 2019-2020 pointedly revealed the lack of diagnostic solutions that are able to keep pace with the rapid spread of the virus. Despite the promise of decades of lab-on-a-chip research, no commercial products were available to deliver rapid results or enable testing in the field at the onset of the pandemic. In this critical review, we assess the current state of progress on the development of point-of-care technologies for the diagnosis of viral diseases that cause pandemics. While many previous reviews have reported on progress in various lab-on-a-chip technologies, here we address the literature from the perspective of the testing needs of a rapidly expanding pandemic. First, we recommend a set of requirements to heed when designing point-of-care diagnostic technologies to address the testing needs of a pandemic. We then review the current state of assay technologies with a focus on isothermal amplification and lateral-flow immunoassays. Though there is much progress on assay development, we argue that the largest roadblock to deployment exists in sample preparation. We summarize current approaches to automate sample preparation and discuss both the progress and shortcomings of these developments. Finally, we provide our recommendations to the field of specific challenges to address in order to prepare for the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela L Everitt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Alana Tillery
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Martha G David
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Nikita Singh
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Aviva Borison
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Ian M White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, United States.
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235
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Li S, Li S, Disoma C, Zheng R, Zhou M, Razzaq A, Liu P, Zhou Y, Dong Z, Du A, Peng J, Hu L, Huang J, Feng P, Jiang T, Xia Z. SARS‐CoV‐2: Mechanism of infection and emerging technologies for future prospects. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2168. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Li
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Cyrollah Disoma
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Pinjia Liu
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yuzheng Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
- Section of Infection and Immunity Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Zijun Dong
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Ashuai Du
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of General Surgery Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- The First Hospital of Changsha University of South China Changsha China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Central South University Changsha China
- School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Center for Systems Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- Department of Cell Biology School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases Central South University Changsha China
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