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Chen X, Cao R, Liu H, Zhang T, Yuan X, Xu S. MicroRNA‑15a‑5p‑targeting oncogene YAP1 inhibits cell viability and induces cell apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1301-1310. [PMID: 32945353 PMCID: PMC7447307 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to have important regulatory roles in the progression of several types of cancer, including cervical cancer (CC). However, the biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in CC remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine the functions of miRNAs in CC and the possible mechanisms. Using a microarray, it was identified that miRNA-15a-5p (miR-15a-5p) was one of the most down-regulated miRNAs in CC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. The low expression of miR-15a-5p was observed in CC tumor tissues with distant metastasis and in CC cell lines. In addition, the effects of miR-15a-5p upregulation on cell viability, apoptosis, invasion and migration of CC cells were investigated using CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. It was demonstrated that upregulation of miR-15a-5p significantly suppressed the viability, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of SiHa and C-33A cells. Furthermore, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a well-known oncogene, was confirmed to be directly targeted by miR-15a-5p and was found to be negatively regulated by miR-15a-5p. Further correlation analysis indicated that miR-15a-5p expression was negatively correlated with YAP1 expression in CC tissues. Notably, overexpression of YAP1 abrogated the tumor suppressive effects of miR-15a-5p in CC cells. Taken together, these present findings indicated that the miR-15a-5p/YAP1 axis may provide a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Haifang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Tuanying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Xinrong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, No.1 Hospital of Naval Force of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524005, P.R. China
| | - Shuxiang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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202
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Alpha KM, Xu W, Turner CE. Paxillin family of focal adhesion adaptor proteins and regulation of cancer cell invasion. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:1-52. [PMID: 32859368 PMCID: PMC7737098 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The paxillin family of proteins, including paxillin, Hic-5, and leupaxin, are focal adhesion adaptor/scaffolding proteins which localize to cell-matrix adhesions and are important in cell adhesion and migration of both normal and cancer cells. Historically, the role of these proteins in regulating the actin cytoskeleton through focal adhesion-mediated signaling has been well documented. However, studies in recent years have revealed additional functions in modulating the microtubule and intermediate filament cytoskeletons to affect diverse processes including cell polarization, vesicle trafficking and mechanosignaling. Expression of paxillin family proteins in stromal cells is also important in regulating tumor cell migration and invasion through non-cell autonomous effects on the extracellular matrix. Both paxillin and Hic-5 can also influence gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, while their own expression is frequently dysregulated in various cancers. Accordingly, these proteins may serve as valuable targets for novel diagnostic and treatment approaches in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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203
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Zhang DY, Lei JS, Sun WL, Wang DD, Lu Z. Follistatin Like 5 (FSTL5) inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:1798-1804. [PMID: 32740091 PMCID: PMC7469996 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in determining distant metastasis and intra-hepatic dissemination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Follistatin (FST) family members are considered to be an attractive therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators in cancers. As a derivative of FST, Follistatin Like 5 (FSTL5) may play a similar role in HCC cells. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of FSTL5 in HCC and its role in EMT. Methods FSTL5, E-cadherin and vimentin in HCC, and paracancerous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Correlation of FSTL5 expression with overall survival was assessed. The proliferation and invasion of HCC cell lines SK-Hep1 and MHCC-LM3 were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays. The expression of FSTL5, E-cadherin, and vimentin in HCC cells was examined by polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. T-test was used to analyze the difference in proliferation and invasion ability between groups. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to detect the correlation between the expression of FSTL5 and E-cadherin or vimentin. Results The expression of FSTL5 in HCC was lower than that in paracancerous tissues (9.97% vs. 82.55%, χ2 = 340.15, P < 0.001). Patients with high FSTL5 expression had a better prognosis (χ2 = 8.22, P = 0.004) and smaller tumor diameter (χ2 = 45.52, P < 0.001), less lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 5.58, P = 0.02), earlier tumor node metastasis stage (χ2 = 11.29, P = 0.001), a reduced number of tumors (χ2 = 5.05, P = 0.02), lower alpha-fetoprotein value (χ2 = 24.36, P < 0.001), more probability of hepatitis carrying (χ2 = 40.9, P < 0.001), and better liver function grade (χ2 = 5.21, P = 0.02). Immunohistochemistry showed that FSTL5 expression in HCC tissues was positively correlated with E-cadherin expression (r = 0.38, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with vimentin expression (r = −0.385, P < 0.001). Furthermore, over-expression of FSTL5 up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated the expression of vimentin in SK-Hep1 (negative control [NC] vs. FSTL5-interfering group [Lv-FSTL5]: E-cadherin [t = 45.03, P < 0.001], vimentin [t = 67, P < 0.001]) and MHCC-LM3 (NC vs. Lv-FSTL5: E-cadherin [t = 50, P < 0.001], vimentin [t = 72.75, P < 0.001]) cells at mRNA level. The same as protein level. In addition, the over-expression of FSTL5 inhibited the proliferation (NC vs. Lv-FSTL5: SK-Hep1, 3 d [t = 7.324, P = 0.018], 4 d [t = 6.23, P = 0.021], 5 d [t = 10.21, P = 0.003]; MHCC-LM3, 3 d [t = 4.32, P = 0.037], 4 d [t = 7.49, P = 0.012], 5 d [t = 9.3661, P = 0.009]) and invasion (NC vs. Lv-FSTL5: SK-Hep1, t = 21.57, P < 0.001; MHCC-LM3, t = 18.04, P < 0.001) of HCC cells. Conclusions Down-regulation of FSTL5 may contribute to EMT of HCC, and FSTL5 is a potential target in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
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204
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Ouyang H, Luong P, Frödin M, Hansen SH. p190A RhoGAP induces CDH1 expression and cooperates with E-cadherin to activate LATS kinases and suppress tumor cell growth. Oncogene 2020; 39:5570-5587. [PMID: 32641858 PMCID: PMC7426264 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ARHGAP35 gene encoding p190A RhoGAP (p190A) is significantly altered by both mutation and allelic deletion in human cancer, but the functional implications of such alterations are not known. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that p190A is a tumor suppressor using a xenograft mouse model with carcinoma cells harboring defined ARHGAP35 alterations. In vitro, restoration of p190A expression in carcinoma cells promotes contact inhibition of proliferation (CIP) through activation of LATS kinases and phosphorylation of the proto-oncogenic transcriptional co-activator YAP. In contrast, p190A forms harboring recurrent cancer mutations exhibit loss of function in modulating the Hippo pathway, inducing CIP, as well as attenuated suppression of tumor growth in mice. We determine that p190A promotes mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and elicits expression of a cassette of epithelial adherens junction-associated genes in a cell density-dependent manner. This cassette includes CDH1 encoding E-cadherin, which amplifies p190A-mediated LATS activation and is necessary for CIP. Oppositely, we establish that p190A is obligatory for E-cadherin to activate LATS kinases and induce CIP. Collectively, this work defines a novel mechanism by which p190A and E-cadherin cooperate in modulating Hippo signaling to suppress tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Ouyang
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Phi Luong
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Morten Frödin
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steen H Hansen
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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205
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Azad T, Rezaei R, Surendran A, Singaravelu R, Boulton S, Dave J, Bell JC, Ilkow CS. Hippo Signaling Pathway as a Central Mediator of Receptors Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082042. [PMID: 32722184 PMCID: PMC7463967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays a critical role in tissue and organ growth under normal physiological conditions, and its dysregulation in malignant growth has made it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the fight against cancer. To date, its complex signaling mechanisms have made it difficult to identify strong therapeutic candidates. Hippo signaling is largely carried out by two main activated signaling pathways involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)—the RTK/RAS/PI3K and the RTK-RAS-MAPK pathways. However, several RTKs have also been shown to regulate this pathway to engage downstream Hippo effectors and ultimately influence cell proliferation. In this text, we attempt to review the diverse RTK signaling pathways that influence Hippo signaling in the context of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Abera Surendran
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen Boulton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jaahnavi Dave
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (T.A.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (R.S.); (S.B.); (J.D.); (J.C.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-8899 (ext. 75208)
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206
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Hou P, Kapoor A, Zhang Q, Li J, Wu CJ, Li J, Lan Z, Tang M, Ma X, Ackroyd JJ, Kalluri R, Zhang J, Jiang S, Spring DJ, Wang YA, DePinho RA. Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling Enables Bypass of Oncogenic KRAS Dependency in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1058-1077. [PMID: 32341020 PMCID: PMC7334087 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS (KRAS*) is a key tumor maintenance gene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), motivating pharmacologic targeting of KRAS* and its effectors. Here, we explored mechanisms involving the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a potential basis for resistance to targeting KRAS*. Using the inducible Kras G12D;Trp53 -/- PDAC mouse model, gain-of-function screens of epigenetic regulators identified HDAC5 as the top hit enabling KRAS* independent tumor growth. HDAC5-driven escaper tumors showed a prominent neutrophil-to-macrophage switch relative to KRAS*-driven tumors. Mechanistically, HDAC5 represses Socs3, a negative regulator of chemokine CCL2, resulting in increased CCL2, which recruits CCR2+ macrophages. Correspondingly, enforced Ccl2 promotes macrophage recruitment into the TME and enables tumor recurrence following KRAS* extinction. These tumor-associated macrophages in turn provide cancer cells with trophic support including TGFβ to enable KRAS* bypass in a SMAD4-dependent manner. Our work uncovers a KRAS* resistance mechanism involving immune cell remodeling of the PDAC TME. SIGNIFICANCE: Although KRAS* is required for PDAC tumor maintenance, tumors can recur following KRAS* extinction. The capacity of PDAC cancer cells to alter the TME myeloid cell composition to support KRAS*-independent tumor growth illuminates novel therapeutic targets that may enhance the effectiveness of therapies targeting KRAS* and its pathway components.See related commentary by Carr and Fernandez-Zapico, p. 910.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Hou
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Avnish Kapoor
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhengdao Lan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xingdi Ma
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Ackroyd
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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207
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Panciera T, Citron A, Di Biagio D, Battilana G, Gandin A, Giulitti S, Forcato M, Bicciato S, Panzetta V, Fusco S, Azzolin L, Totaro A, Dei Tos AP, Fassan M, Vindigni V, Bassetto F, Rosato A, Brusatin G, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S. Reprogramming normal cells into tumour precursors requires ECM stiffness and oncogene-mediated changes of cell mechanical properties. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:797-806. [PMID: 32066931 PMCID: PMC7316573 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Defining the interplay between the genetic events and microenvironmental contexts necessary to initiate tumorigenesis in normal cells is a central endeavour in cancer biology. We found that receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-Ras oncogenes reprogram normal, freshly explanted primary mouse and human cells into tumour precursors, in a process requiring increased force transmission between oncogene-expressing cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Microenvironments approximating the normal softness of healthy tissues, or blunting cellular mechanotransduction, prevent oncogene-mediated cell reprogramming and tumour emergence. However, RTK-Ras oncogenes empower a disproportional cellular response to the mechanical properties of the cell's environment, such that when cells experience even subtle supra-physiological extracellular-matrix rigidity they are converted into tumour-initiating cells. These regulations rely on YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction, and YAP/TAZ target genes account for a large fraction of the transcriptional responses downstream of oncogenic signalling. This work lays the groundwork for exploiting oncogenic mechanosignalling as a vulnerability at the onset of tumorigenesis, including tumour prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Citron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Biagio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Giusy Battilana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gandin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Giulitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, CRIB, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato Fusco
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, CRIB, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Azzolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Totaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Franco Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, and Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanna Brusatin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Padua, Italy.
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208
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Morita T, Kodama Y, Shiokawa M, Kuriyama K, Marui S, Kuwada T, Sogabe Y, Matsumori T, Kakiuchi N, Tomono T, Mima A, Ueda T, Tsuda M, Yamauchi Y, Nishikawa Y, Sakuma Y, Ota Y, Maruno T, Uza N, Nagasawa T, Chiba T, Seno H. CXCR4 in Tumor Epithelial Cells Mediates Desmoplastic Reaction in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4058-4070. [PMID: 32606001 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features abundant stromal cells with an excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), termed the desmoplastic reaction. CXCR4 is a cytokine receptor for stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) expressed in PDAC, but its roles in PDAC and the characteristic desmoplastic reaction remain unclear. Here, we generated a mouse model of PDAC with conditional knockout of Cxcr4 (KPC-Cxcr4-KO) by crossing Cxcr4 flox mice with Pdx1-Cre;KrasLSL-G12D/+;Trp53LSL-R172H/+ (KPC-Cxcr4-WT) mice to assess the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic cancers. Tumor cell characteristics of those two types were analyzed in vitro. In addition, CXCR4 expression in human pancreatic cancer specimens was evaluated by IHC staining. In KPC-Cxcr4-KO mice, the number and pathologic grade of PanIN lesions were reduced, but the frequency of pancreatic cancers did not differ from that in KPC-Cxcr4-WT mice. The pancreatic tumor phenotype in KPC-Cxcr4-KO mice was significantly larger and undifferentiated, characterized by abundant vimentin-expressing cancer cells, significantly fewer fibroblasts, and markedly less deposition of ECM. In vitro, KPC-Cxcr4-KO tumor cells exhibited higher proliferative and migratory activity than KPC-Cxcr4-WT tumor cells. Myofibroblasts induced invasion activity in KPC-Cxcr4-WT tumor cells, showing an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, whereas KPC-Cxcr4-KO tumor cells were unaffected by myofibroblasts, suggesting their unique nature. In human pancreatic cancer, undifferentiated carcinoma did not express CXCR4 and exhibited histologic and IHC features similar to those in KPC-Cxcr4-KO mice. In summary, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may play an important role in the desmoplastic reaction in PDAC, and loss of CXCR4 induces phenotype changes in undifferentiated carcinoma without a desmoplastic reaction. SIGNIFICANCE: The current study uncovers CXCR4 as a key regulator of desmoplastic reaction in PDAC and opens the way for new therapeutic approaches to overcome the chemoresistance in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shiokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Kuriyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saiko Marui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Sogabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsumori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruko Tomono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yojiro Sakuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Maruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Uza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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209
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Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of KRAS mutant cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10149. [PMID: 32576853 PMCID: PMC7311523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations are associated with DNA methylation changes that alter gene expression to drive cancer. Recent studies suggest that DNA methylation changes may be stochastic in nature, while other groups propose distinct signaling pathways responsible for aberrant methylation. Better understanding of DNA methylation events associated with oncogenic KRAS expression could enhance therapeutic approaches. Here we analyzed the basal CpG methylation of 11 KRAS-mutant and dependent pancreatic cancer cell lines and observed strikingly similar methylation patterns. KRAS knockdown resulted in unique methylation changes with limited overlap between each cell line. In KRAS-mutant Pa16C pancreatic cancer cells, while KRAS knockdown resulted in over 8,000 differentially methylated (DM) CpGs, treatment with the ERK1/2-selective inhibitor SCH772984 showed less than 40 DM CpGs, suggesting that ERK is not a broadly active driver of KRAS-associated DNA methylation. KRAS G12V overexpression in an isogenic lung model reveals >50,600 DM CpGs compared to non-transformed controls. In lung and pancreatic cells, gene ontology analyses of DM promoters show an enrichment for genes involved in differentiation and development. Taken all together, KRAS-mediated DNA methylation are stochastic and independent of canonical downstream effector signaling. These epigenetically altered genes associated with KRAS expression could represent potential therapeutic targets in KRAS-driven cancer.
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210
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Chai TF, Manu KA, Casey PJ, Wang M. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase is required for the impact of mutant KRAS on TAZ protein level and cancer cell self-renewal. Oncogene 2020; 39:5373-5389. [PMID: 32561852 PMCID: PMC7391290 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells possess the capacity for self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy. It is therefore crucial to understand the molecular regulators of stemness in the quest to develop effective cancer therapies. TAZ is a transcription activator that promotes stem cell functions in post-development mammalian cells; suppression of TAZ activity reduces or eliminates cancer stemness in select cancers. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) is the unique enzyme of the last step of posttranslational prenylation processing pathway that modifies several oncogenic proteins, including RAS. We found that suppression of ICMT results in reduced self-renewal/stemness in KRAS-driven pancreatic and breast cancer cells. Silencing of ICMT led to significant reduction of TAZ protein levels and loss of self-renewal ability, which could be reversed by overexpressing mutant KRAS, demonstrating the functional impact of ICMT modification on the ability of KRAS to control TAZ stability and function. Contrary to expectation, YAP protein levels appear to be much less susceptible than TAZ to the regulation by ICMT and KRAS, and YAP is less consequential in regulating stemness characteristics in these cells. Further, we found that the ICMT-dependent KRAS regulation of TAZ was mediated through RAF, but not PI3K, signaling. Functionally, we demonstrate that a signaling cascade from ICMT modification of KRAS to TAZ protein stability supports cancer cell self-renewal abilities in both in vitro and in vivo settings. In addition, studies using the proof-of-concept small molecule inhibitors of ICMT confirmed its role in regulating TAZ and self-renewal, demonstrating the potential utility of targeting ICMT to control aggressive KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Fan Chai
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Kanjoormana Aryan Manu
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Patrick J Casey
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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211
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Targeting the Hippo pathway in cancer, fibrosis, wound healing and regenerative medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:480-494. [PMID: 32555376 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway with key roles in organ development, epithelial homeostasis, tissue regeneration, wound healing and immune modulation. Many of these roles are mediated by the transcriptional effectors YAP and TAZ, which direct gene expression via control of the TEAD family of transcription factors. Dysregulated Hippo pathway and YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity is associated with various diseases, most notably cancer, making this pathway an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. This Review highlights the key findings from studies of Hippo pathway signalling across biological processes and diseases, and discusses new strategies and therapeutic implications of targeting this pathway.
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212
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Huang Z, Su B, Liu F, Zhang N, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Zhen Z, Liang S, Liang S, Chen L, Luo W, Claret FX, Huang Y, Xu T. YAP1 Promotes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5629-5642. [PMID: 32606777 PMCID: PMC7306475 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s247699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with HBsAg (+) commonly present with high frequencies of distant metastasis and poor survival rate; however, the mechanism has not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression between HBsAg (+) and HBsAg (-) of NPC patients, then analyzed the relationship of YAP1 with survival. We further explored the anti-tumor role in NPC cell lines using YAP1 siRNA technique, and checked whether YAP1 regulatesepithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT). The relationship between HBV X protein (HBx) and YAP1 was also tested using Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. Finally, we explored anti-YAP1 to inhibit tumor metastasis using the xenograft mice model. RESULTS In the current study, we found that YAP1 expression was higher in HBsAg (+) samples than in the HBsAg (-) samples, as a clinical signature, suggesting that YAP1 could be used as a prognostic factor for NPC. Our results showed that the HBx could regulate YAP1, further promoting cellular invasiveness through EMT. Anti-YAP1 can also decrease metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that YAP1 is a promising prognostic factor in NPC and could be used as a potential treatment target for NPC with HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bojin Su
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510630, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilong Ye
- Department of Infection, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghe Zhen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiang Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lushi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijun Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - François X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77030, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program and Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan528000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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213
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Wang Z, Hausmann S, Lyu R, Li TM, Lofgren SM, Flores NM, Fuentes ME, Caporicci M, Yang Z, Meiners MJ, Cheek MA, Howard SA, Zhang L, Elias JE, Kim MP, Maitra A, Wang H, Bassik MC, Keogh MC, Sage J, Gozani O, Mazur PK. SETD5-Coordinated Chromatin Reprogramming Regulates Adaptive Resistance to Targeted Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:834-849.e13. [PMID: 32442403 PMCID: PMC8187079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive targeted therapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are poorly understood. Here, we identify SETD5 as a major driver of PDAC resistance to MEK1/2 inhibition (MEKi). SETD5 is induced by MEKi resistance and its deletion restores refractory PDAC vulnerability to MEKi therapy in mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. SETD5 lacks histone methyltransferase activity but scaffolds a co-repressor complex, including HDAC3 and G9a. Gene silencing by the SETD5 complex regulates known drug resistance pathways to reprogram cellular responses to MEKi. Pharmacological co-targeting of MEK1/2, HDAC3, and G9a sustains PDAC tumor growth inhibition in vivo. Our work uncovers SETD5 as a key mediator of acquired MEKi therapy resistance in PDAC and suggests a context for advancing MEKi use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Wang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simone Hausmann
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruitu Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tie-Mei Li
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shane M Lofgren
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natasha M Flores
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Fuentes
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcello Caporicci
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ze Yang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Cory Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Julien Sage
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Or Gozani
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Pawel K Mazur
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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214
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Wang Z, Xia F, Labib M, Ahmadi M, Chen H, Das J, Ahmed SU, Angers S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Nanostructured Architectures Promote the Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition for Invasive Cells. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5324-5336. [PMID: 32369335 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic modulation of cellular phenotypes between the epithelial and mesenchymal states-the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)-plays an important role in cancer progression. Nanoscale topography of culture substrates is known to affect the migration and EMT of cancer cells. However, existing platforms heavily rely on simple geometries such as grooved lines or cylindrical post arrays, which may oversimplify the complex interaction between cells and nanotopography in vivo. Here, we use electrodeposition to construct finely controlled surfaces with biomimetic fractal nanostructures as a means of examining the roles of nanotopography during the EMT/MET process. We found that nanostructures in the size range of 100 to 500 nm significantly promote MET for invasive breast and prostate cancer cells. The "METed" cells acquired distinct expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, displayed perturbed morphologies, and exhibited diminished migration and invasion, even after the removal of a nanotopographical stimulus. The phosphorylation of GSK-3 was decreased, which further tuned the expression of Snail and modulated the EMT/MET process. Our findings suggest that invasive cancer cells respond to the geometries and dimensions of complex nanostructured architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Moloud Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Haijie Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sharif U Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
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215
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Hsu PC, Yang CT, Jablons DM, You L. The Crosstalk between Src and Hippo/YAP Signaling Pathways in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061361. [PMID: 32466572 PMCID: PMC7352956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of new therapies, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies, has improved the survival of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in the last decade. Some NSCLC patients still do not benefit from therapies or encounter progressive disease during the course of treatment because they have intrinsic resistance, acquired resistance, or lack a targetable driver mutation. More investigations on the molecular biology of NSCLC are needed to find useful biomarkers for current therapies and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein that interacts with cell surface growth factor receptors and the intracellular signaling pathway to maintain cell survival tumorigenesis in NSCLC. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is one of the main effectors of the Hippo pathway and has been identified as a promoter of drug resistance, cancer progression, and metastasis in NSCLC. Here, we review studies that have investigated the activation of YAP as mediated by Src kinases and demonstrate that Src regulates YAP through three main mechanisms: (1) direct phosphorylation; (2) the activation of pathways repressing Hippo kinases; and (3) Hippo-independent mechanisms. Further work should focus on the efficacy of Src inhibitors in inhibiting YAP activity in NSCLC. In addition, future efforts toward developing potentially reasonable combinations of therapy targeting the Src–YAP axis using other therapies, including targeted therapies and/or immunotherapies, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chih Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (P.-C.H.); (D.M.J.)
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - David M. Jablons
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (P.-C.H.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Liang You
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (P.-C.H.); (D.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-476-6906
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216
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Hidalgo-Sastre A, Desztics J, Dantes Z, Schulte K, Ensarioglu HK, Bassey-Archibong B, Öllinger R, Engleiter T, Rayner L, Einwächter H, Daniel JM, Altaee ASA, Steiger K, Lesina M, Rad R, Reichert M, von Figura G, Siveke JT, Schmid RM, Lubeseder-Martellato C. Loss of Wasl improves pancreatic cancer outcome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:127275. [PMID: 32434991 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested an oncogenic role for the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP, encoded by the Wasl gene), but thus far, little is known about its function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we performed in silico analysis of WASL expression in PDAC patients and found a correlation between low WASL expression and prolonged survival. To clarify the role of Wasl in pancreatic carcinogenesis, we used 2 oncogenic Kras-based PDAC mouse models with pancreas-specific Wasl deletion. In line with human data, both mouse models had an increased survival benefit due to either impaired tumor development in the presence of the tumor suppressor Trp53 or the delayed tumor progression and senescent phenotype upon genetic ablation of Trp53. Mechanistically, loss of Wasl resulted in cell-autonomous senescence through displacement of the N-WASP binding partners WASP-interacting protein (WIP) and p120ctn; vesicular accumulation of GSK3β, as well as YAP1 and phosphorylated β-catenin, which are components of the destruction complex; and upregulation of Cdkn1a(p21), a master regulator of senescence. Our findings, thus, indicate that Wasl functions in an oncogenic manner in PDAC by promoting the deregulation of the p120-catenin/β-catenin/p21 pathway. Therefore, strategies to reduce N-WASP activity might improve the survival outcomes of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hidalgo-Sastre
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Judit Desztics
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Zahra Dantes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schulte
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Hilal Kabadayi Ensarioglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey
| | | | - Rupert Öllinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Thomas Engleiter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Lyndsay Rayner
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henrik Einwächter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Katia Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
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217
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Wang K, Song K, Ma Z, Yao Y, Liu C, Yang J, Xiao H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhao W. Identification of EMT-related high-risk stage II colorectal cancer and characterisation of metastasis-related genes. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:410-417. [PMID: 32435058 PMCID: PMC7403418 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our laboratory previously reported an individual-level prognostic signature for patients with stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). However, this signature was not applicable for RNA-sequencing datasets. In this study, we constructed a robust epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)- related gene pair prognostic signature. Methods Based on EMT-related genes, metastasis-associated gene pairs were identified between metastatic and non-metastatic samples. Then, we selected prognosis-associated gene pairs, which were significantly correlated with disease-free survival of stage II CRC using multivariate Cox regression model, as the EMT-related prognosis signature. Results An EMT-related signature composed of fifty-one gene pairs (51-GPS) for prediction-relapse risk of patients with stage II CRC was developed, whose prognostic efficiency was validated in independent datasets. Moreover, 51-GPS achieved better predictive performance than other reported signatures, including a commercial signature Oncotype Dx colon cancer and an immune-related gene pair signature. Besides, EMT-related functional gene sets achieved high enrichment scores in high-risk samples. Especially, loss-of-function antisense approach showed that DEGs between the predicted two clusters were metastasis-related. Conclusions The EMT-related gene pair signature can identify the high relapse-risk patients with stage II CRC, which can facilitate individualised management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Huiting Xiao
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jiashuai Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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218
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Ross C, Szczepanek K, Lee M, Yang H, Qiu T, Sanford JD, Hunter K. The genomic landscape of metastasis in treatment-naïve breast cancer models. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008743. [PMID: 32463822 PMCID: PMC7282675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the principle cause of mortality for breast cancer and presents a critical challenge because secondary lesions are often refractory to conventional treatments. While specific genetic alterations are tightly linked to primary tumor development and progression, the role of genetic alteration in the metastatic process is not well-understood. The theory of tumor evolution postulated by Peter Nowell in 1976 has yet to be proven in the context of metastasis. Therefore, in order to investigate how somatic evolution contributes to breast cancer metastasis, we performed exome, whole genome, and RNA sequencing of matched metastatic and primary tumors from pre-clinical mouse models of breast cancer. Here we show that in a treatment-naïve setting, recurrent single nucleotide variants and copy number variation, but not gene fusion events, play key metastasis-driving roles in breast cancer. For instance, we identified recurrent mutations in Kras, a known driver of colorectal and lung tumorigenesis that has not been previously implicated in breast cancer metastasis. However, in a set of in vivo proof-of-concept experiments we show that the Kras G12D mutation is sufficient to significantly promote metastasis using three syngeneic allograft models. The work herein confirms the existence of metastasis-driving mutations and presents a novel framework to identify actionable metastasis-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ross
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karol Szczepanek
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Howard Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tinghu Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack D. Sanford
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kent Hunter
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Metastasis Susceptibility Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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219
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Lee HJ, Pham T, Chang MT, Barnes D, Cai AG, Noubade R, Totpal K, Chen X, Tran C, Hagenbeek T, Wu X, Eastham-Anderson J, Tao J, Lee W, Bastian BC, Carbone M, Webster JD, Dey A. The Tumor Suppressor BAP1 Regulates the Hippo Pathway in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1656-1668. [PMID: 31988076 PMCID: PMC11161028 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is mutated in a hereditary cancer syndrome with a high risk for mesothelioma and melanocytic tumors. Here, we show that pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia driven by oncogenic mutant KrasG12D progressed to pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the absence of BAP1. The Hippo pathway was deregulated in BAP1-deficient pancreatic tumors, with the tumor suppressor LATS exhibiting enhanced ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Therefore, BAP1 may limit tumor progression by stabilizing LATS and thereby promoting activity of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. SIGNIFICANCE: BAP1 is mutated in a broad spectrum of tumors. Pancreatic Bap1 deficiency causes acinar atrophy but combines with oncogenic Ras to produce pancreatic tumors. BAP1-deficient tumors exhibit deregulation of the Hippo pathway.See related commentary by Brekken, p. 1624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-June Lee
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Trang Pham
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew T Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Dwight Barnes
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Allen G Cai
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Klara Totpal
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Xu Chen
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher Tran
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Thijs Hagenbeek
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Xiumin Wu
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Janet Tao
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Wyne Lee
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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220
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YAP Activity is Not Associated with Survival of Uveal Melanoma Patients and Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6209. [PMID: 32277165 PMCID: PMC7148330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental studies have demonstrated an essential role for the Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway in GNAQ/GNA11-induced tumorigenesis in uveal melanoma (UM). However, the association between YAP activity and clinical outcomes remains elusive. We investigated possible associations between YAP activity and clinicopathological features including survival outcomes in patients with UM using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and our local cohort. We estimated YAP activity by mRNA expression levels, Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) for the TCGA cohort, and immunohistochemical YAP staining for the local cohort. In the TCGA cohort, most clinicopathological features including tumor stage, mitotic counts, mutation of genes, and tumor sizes did not significantly differ between low and high YAP activity groups. In the local cohort, YAP nuclear-positive staining was observed in 30 (42%) of 72 patients with primary UM. UM-specific survival was not significantly different between tumors with low and high YAP activities. Unlike mesothelioma cells harboring a mutation of negative regulators of YAP, the survival of multiple UM cell lines was not significantly reduced by YAP/TAZ depletion. Our results suggest that the effect of YAP on development, growth, and invasion of UM in actual patients is less than previously demonstrated in experimental studies.
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221
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Prognostic Value of Poorly Differentiated Clusters in Liver Metastatic Lesions of Colorectal Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 43:1341-1348. [PMID: 31318710 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is the most common pattern of metastases or recurrence in colorectal carcinoma; however, no robust pathologic prognostic factors have been identified. This study aimed to verify the prognostic value of poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) in liver metastatic lesions and to clarify the correlation between PDC in liver metastatic lesions (PDC) and the primary tumor histology. Consecutive patients who underwent resection for CRLM were pathologically reviewed. PDC was defined as cancer clusters comprising ≥5 cancer cells and lacking glandular formation and was quantifiably graded as G1 (<5 clusters), G2 (5 to 9 clusters), and G3 (≥10 clusters) based on the highest number of clusters observed under ×20 magnification. The cohort comprised 204 patients. PDC was classified as G1, G2, and G3 for 68, 69, and 67 patients, respectively, and it was significantly associated with PDC grade in the primary tumor (P<0.001). Among the potential prognostic factors, tumor budding in the primary tumor, PDC in the primary tumor, the number of liver metastases, extrahepatic metastasis, and PDC significantly influenced overall survival (OS) after CRLM resection. According to the PDC grade, the 5-year OS rates were 68.9%, 48.3%, and 39.5% for G1, G2, and G3 (P<0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis for OS showed that PDC grade, tumor budding in the primary tumor, the number of liver metastasis and extrahepatic metastasis were independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, there is a correlation in the PDC grade between the primary tumor and liver metastatic lesion, and PDC grade could be a promising new prognostic factor after CRLM resection.
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222
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Cheng D, Jin L, Chen Y, Xi X, Guo Y. YAP promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition by upregulating Slug expression in human colorectal cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:701-710. [PMID: 32355518 PMCID: PMC7191148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) contributes to the development of multiple tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms involved in YAP-induced CRC migration and invasion are not fully elucidated. By performing immunohistochemistry (IHC), we found that YAP is highly expressed in CRC tissues and significantly correlated with invasive depth. The expression of YAP was elevated in CRC cell lines. Therefore, we sought to illustrate whether the up-regulation of YAP contributes to CRC the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here migration and transwell assays showed that YAP overexpression promoted migration and invasion inCRC cells. YAP knockdown inhibited migration and invasion in CRC cells. Furthermore, western blotting showed that CRC YAP overexpression causes the down-regulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and the up-regulation of the EMT-related transcription factor Slug, which in turn promotes the EMT in CRC. YAP knockdown inhibited EMT by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating Slug. Furthermore, in YAP-overexpressing CRC cells, Slug knockdown promoted E-cadherin expression and inhibited EMT. In CRC cells with low expression of YAP, high expression of Slug can inhibit E-cadherin expression and promote EMT. Importantly, luciferase assays confirmed that YAP directly transcriptionally activated Slug expression. Based on the above results, our study shows that YAP is a driver of EMT in CRC, which inhibits E-cadherin expression by activating transcriptional Slug expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of MedicineHubei Province, China
| | - Lan Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of MedicineHubei Province, China
| | - Yunhe Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of MedicineHubei Province, China
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of MedicineHubei Province, China
- The Biomedical Research Foundation, Hubei University of MedicineHubei Province, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of MedicineHubei Province, China
- The Biomedical Research Foundation, Hubei University of MedicineHubei Province, China
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223
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Shih DJH, Nayyar N, Bihun I, Dagogo-Jack I, Gill CM, Aquilanti E, Bertalan M, Kaplan A, D'Andrea MR, Chukwueke U, Ippen FM, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Camarda ND, Lastrapes M, McCabe D, Kuter B, Kaufman B, Strickland MR, Martinez-Gutierrez JC, Nagabhushan D, De Sauvage M, White MD, Castro BA, Hoang K, Kaneb A, Batchelor ED, Paek SH, Park SH, Martinez-Lage M, Berghoff AS, Merrill P, Gerstner ER, Batchelor TT, Frosch MP, Frazier RP, Borger DR, Iafrate AJ, Johnson BE, Santagata S, Preusser M, Cahill DP, Carter SL, Brastianos PK. Genomic characterization of human brain metastases identifies drivers of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Genet 2020; 52:371-377. [PMID: 32203465 PMCID: PMC7136154 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) frequently cause patient mortality. To identify genomic alterations that promote brain metastases, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 73 BM-LUAD cases. Using case-control analyses, we discovered candidate drivers of brain metastasis by identifying genes with more frequent copy-number aberrations in BM-LUAD compared to 503 primary LUADs. We identified three regions with significantly higher amplification frequencies in BM-LUAD, including MYC (12 versus 6%), YAP1 (7 versus 0.8%) and MMP13 (10 versus 0.6%), and significantly more frequent deletions in CDKN2A/B (27 versus 13%). We confirmed that the amplification frequencies of MYC, YAP1 and MMP13 were elevated in an independent cohort of 105 patients with BM-LUAD. Functional assessment in patient-derived xenograft mouse models validated the notion that MYC, YAP1 or MMP13 overexpression increased the incidence of brain metastasis. These results demonstrate that somatic alterations contribute to brain metastases and that genomic sequencing of a sufficient number of metastatic tumors can reveal previously unknown metastatic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J H Shih
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivanna Bihun
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Corey M Gill
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Aquilanti
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mia Bertalan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan R D'Andrea
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ugonma Chukwueke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Maria Ippen
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas D Camarda
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Lastrapes
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Devin McCabe
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben Kuter
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Kaufman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew R Strickland
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Gutierrez
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepika Nagabhushan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magali De Sauvage
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael D White
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandyn A Castro
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Kaneb
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily D Batchelor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Hye Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Anna S Berghoff
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Parker Merrill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan P Frazier
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell R Borger
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce E Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott L Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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224
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The Prospect of Identifying Resistance Mechanisms for Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Circulating Tumor Cells: Is Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition a Key Player? Prostate Cancer 2020; 2020:7938280. [PMID: 32292603 PMCID: PMC7149487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7938280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is initially driven by excessive androgen receptor (AR) signaling with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) being a major therapeutic approach to its treatment. However, the development of drug resistance is a significant limitation on the effectiveness of both first-line and more recently developed second-line ADTs. There is a need then to study AR signaling within the context of other oncogenic signaling pathways that likely mediate this resistance. This review focuses on interactions between AR signaling, the well-known phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathway, and an emerging mediator of these pathways, the Hippo/YAP1 axis in metastatic castrate-resistant PCa, and their involvement in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a feature of disease progression and ADT resistance. Analysis of these pathways in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an opportunity to evaluate their utility as biomarkers and address their importance in the development of resistance to current ADT with potential to guide future therapies.
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225
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Yang H, Lu Y, Lan W, Huang B, Lin J. Down-regulated Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 4 Predicts Poor Progression in Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3675-3684. [PMID: 32284764 PMCID: PMC7150457 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify potential key candidate genes, whose expression and clinical significance was further assessed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Three original microarray datasets (GSE41328, GSE22598, and GSE23878) from NCBI-GEO were used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC. Online database analyses through Oncomine and GEIPA were performed to evaluate SLC4A4 expression and explore the prognostic merit of SLC4A4 expression, which was further confirmed by analyses from QPCR based cDNA array and IHC based tissue microarray (TMA). STRING website was used to explore the interaction between SLC4A4 with other DEGs based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Results: Analysis of three original microarray datasets from GEO identified 82 shared, differentially expressed genes (28 upregulated and 54 down-regulated) in CRC tissues. Online analyses from Oncomine and GEIPA revealed lower SLC4A4 mRNA expression in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, which were further confirmed by QPCR based cDNA array and IHC based TMA analyses on both mRNA and protein levels. Survival analyses through GEIPA and from TMA demonstrated that low SLC4A4 expression is correlated with worse overall survival among patients with CRC. Survival analysis from Kaplan-meier plotter demonstrated that low SLC4A4 expression is significantly associated with poor progression (including relapse-free survival, overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival, post-progression survival) of patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer. PPI analysis found that SLC4A4 is highly correlated with various genes, including SLC9A3, SLC26A6, ENSG00000214921, SLC26A4, SLC9A3R1, and SLC9A1. Conclusion: The mRNA and protein levels of SLC4A4 were decreased in CRC tissues, and low expression of SLC4A4 significantly correlated with shorter survival of CRC patients and poorer progression of patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer, suggesting potential role of SLC4A4 on tumor suppression and prognostic prediction in multiple malignancies including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yao Lu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Weilan Lan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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226
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Guo Q, Quan M, Dong J, Bai J, Wang J, Han R, Wang W, Cai Y, Lv YQ, Chen Q, Xu H, Lyu HD, Deng L, Zhou D, Xiao X, De Langhe S, Billadeau DD, Lou Z, Zhang JS. The WW domains dictate isoform-specific regulation of YAP1 stability and pancreatic cancer cell malignancy. Theranostics 2020; 10:4422-4436. [PMID: 32292505 PMCID: PMC7150473 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP1 is a key mediator of the Hippo pathway capable of exerting a profound effect on organ size as well as tumorigenesis. Alternative mRNA splicing of human YAP1 results in at least 8 protein isoforms that differ within the 2nd WW motif and the transcriptional activation domain. Methods: To investigate the isoform-specific differences in their mRNA expression, transcriptional activity and tumor-promoting function, we cloned cDNA encoding all of the eight YAP1 protein isoforms. Then, we examined their mRNA expression, subcellular localization, transcriptional regulation properties, interactions with key regulatory partners, and protein stability in response to changes in cell density, as well as their effects on pancreatic cancer cell malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Multiple YAP1 mRNA isoforms are expressed in commonly used pancreatic cancer lines as well as human pancreatic cancer PDX lines. Based on the analysis of heterologous reporter and endogenous target genes, all YAP1 isoforms are capable of activating transcription, albeit to a different extent. Importantly, we unveiled a marked discrepancy between the mRNA and protein expression levels of the YAP1-1 and YAP1-2 isoforms. We further discovered that the YAP1-2 isoform, which contains two tandem WW motifs, is less stable at the protein level, particularly at high cell densities. Mechanistically, we found that the presence of the 2nd WW motif in YAP1-2 facilitates the de novo formation of the YAP1-2/AMOT/LATS1 complex and contributes to a stronger binding of YAP1-2 to LATS1 and subsequently increased YAP1-2 ubiquitination and degradation by β-TRCP. Conclusion: Our data reveals a potent effect of YAP1-1 on pancreatic cancer malignancy in vitro and in vivo and provides novel mechanistic insight into isoform-specific and cell density-dependent regulation of YAP1 stability, as well as its impact on cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Meiyu Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jinglai Dong
- Center for Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yaxin Cai
- Center for Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lv
- Center for Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qianjie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Huijing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Han-Deng Lyu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Liancheng Deng
- Center for Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Depu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xueyuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research, and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Division of Oncology Research, and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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227
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Hippo/YAP Signaling Pathway: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Bone Paediatric Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030645. [PMID: 32164350 PMCID: PMC7139637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most prevalent bone pediatric tumors. Despite intensive basic and medical research studies to discover new therapeutics and to improve current treatments, almost 40% of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma patients succumb to the disease. Patients with poor prognosis are related to either the presence of metastases at diagnosis or resistance to chemotherapy. Over the past ten years, considerable interest for the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway has taken place within the cancer research community. This signaling pathway operates at different steps of tumor progression: Primary tumor growth, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastatic dissemination. This review discusses the current knowledge about the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in cancer and specifically in paediatric bone sarcoma progression.
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228
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Le R, Huang Y, Zhao A, Gao S. Lessons from expanded potential of embryonic stem cells: Moving toward totipotency. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:123-130. [PMID: 32305172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells possess fascinating capacity of self-renewal and developmental potential, leading to significant progress in understanding the molecular basis of pluripotency, disease modeling, and reprogramming technology. Recently, 2-cell-like embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and expanded potential stem cells or extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) generated from early-cleavage embryos display some features of totipotent embryos. These cell lines provide valuable in vitro models to study underlying principles of totipotency, cell plasticity, and lineage segregation. In this review, we summarize the current progress in this filed and highlight the application potentials of these cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Le
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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229
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Thompson BJ. YAP/TAZ: Drivers of Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Resistance to Therapy. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900162. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Thompson
- EMBL AustraliaJohn Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National University 131 Garran Rd, Acton 2602 Canberra ACT Australia
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230
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Song S, Wang Z, Li Y, Ma L, Jin J, Scott AW, Xu Y, Estrella JS, Song Y, Liu B, Johnson RL, Ajani JA. PPARδ Interacts with the Hippo Coactivator YAP1 to Promote SOX9 Expression and Gastric Cancer Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:390-402. [PMID: 31796534 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite established functions of PPARδ in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis, the mechanisms underlying its role in gastric cancer are undefined. Here, we demonstrate that SOX9 was dramatically induced by stably expressing PPARδ and by its agonist GW501516 in human gastric cancer cell lines. PPARδ knockdown in patient-derived gastric cancer cells dramatically reduced SOX9 expression and transcriptional activity, with corresponding decreases in invasion and tumor sphere formation. Mechanistically, PPARδ induced SOX9 transcription through direct interaction with and activation of the Hippo coactivator YAP1. PPARδ-YAP1 interaction occurred via the C-terminal domain of YAP1, and both TEAD- and PPARE-binding sites were required for SOX9 induction. Notably, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic ablation of YAP1 or SOX9 abolished PPARδ-mediated oncogenic functions. Finally, expression of PPARδ, YAP1, and SOX9 were significantly correlated with each other and with poor survival in a large cohort of human gastric cancer tissues. Thus, these findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which PPARδ promotes gastric tumorigenesis through interaction with YAP1 and highlights the PPARδ/YAP1/SOX9 axis as a novel therapeutic target in human gastric cancer. IMPLICATIONS: Our discovery of a new model supports a distinct paradigm for PPARδ and a crucial oncogenic function of PPARδ in gastric cancer through convergence on YAP1/TEAD signaling. Therefore, PPARδ/YAP1/SOX9 axis could be a novel therapeutic target that can be translated into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ailing W Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | | | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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231
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Yang W, Yang S, Zhang F, Cheng F, Wang X, Rao J. Influence of the Hippo-YAP signalling pathway on tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and its implications on cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:399. [PMID: 32355843 PMCID: PMC7186717 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A large number of immune cells are present in the tumour microenvironment (TME), of which, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most important and highly infiltrated cells, and mainly include the M1 type classically activated and M2 type alternatively activated TAMs. Both cell types are known to play an important role in tumour initiation and proliferation. It has recently been confirmed that the TAMs in tumours tend to be dominated by the M2 type. However, the precise mechanism underlying TAM recruitment and polarization in the immune microenvironment remains to be elucidated. The Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP) signalling pathway is one of the most extensively discussed mechanism for the regulation of tumour proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion in recent years. To date, several studies have revealed that YAP is involved in the interrelating interactions between tumour and immune cells, particularly the TAMs. In this review, we have summarized the mechanism by which the YAP regulates the activity of TAMs and its impact on the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing 210029, China
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232
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Dong X, Yang Z, Yang H, Li D, Qiu X. Long Non-coding RNA MIR4435-2HG Promotes Colorectal Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis Through miR-206/YAP1 Axis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:160. [PMID: 32154166 PMCID: PMC7044350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. In the current study, the objective was the exploration of the role played by lncRNA MIR4435-2HG in CRC proliferation and metastasis. Methods: lncRNA MIR4435-2HG expression and its association with CRC were analyzed using database and clinical specimens. The influences exerted by MIR4435-2HG on cell proliferating process, invading process, and migrating process of CRC were identified after MIR4435-2HG knockdown. The influences exerted by MIR4435-2HG on tumor growth and metastasis were assessed in vivo. The underlying mechanistic associations between MIR4435-2HG, microRNA miR-206, and the transcription factor Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) were assessed using bioinformatics and a luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: MIR4435-2HG was highly expressed in CRC tissue in contrast with that in regular tissues and displayed relations to poor prognosis. MIR4435-2HG knockdown could suppress CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Moreover, MIR4435-2HG knockdown inhibited CRC growth and liver metastasis in vitro. We found MIR4435-2HG knockdown reduced YAP1, CTGF, AREG, vimentin, Snail, Slug, and Twist expression but enhanced E-cadherin expression. Functionally, MIR4435-2HG acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate YAP1 by sponging miR-206. Conclusions: MIR4435-2HG promoted CRC growth and metastasis through miR-206/YAP1 axis and is likely to play prognostic marker roles and be therapeutically targeted in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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233
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Lim N, Townsend PA. Cdc6 as a novel target in cancer: Oncogenic potential, senescence and subcellular localisation. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1528-1534. [PMID: 32010971 PMCID: PMC7496346 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cdc6 is a key replication licencing factor with a pivotal role in regulating the process of DNA replication, rendering it an important investigatory focus in tumourigenesis. Indeed, Cdc6 overexpression has been found to be a feature in certain tumours and has been associated as an early event in malignancies. With a focus on pancreatic cancer, there are evidence of its convergence in downstream pathways implicated in major genetic alterations found in pancreatic cancer, primarily KRAS. There is also data of its direct influence on protumourigenic processes as a transcriptional regulator, repressing the key tumour suppressor loci CDH1 (E‐Cadherin) and influencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, gene amplification of Cdc6 as well as of E2F (an upstream regulator of Cdc6) have also been found to be a key feature in tumours overexpressing Cdc6, further highlighting this event as a potential driver of tumourigenesis. In this review, we summarise the evidence for the role of Cdc6 overexpression in cancer, specifically that of pancreatic cancer. More importantly, we recapitulate the role of Cdc6 as part of the DNA damage response and on senescence—an important antitumour barrier—in the context of pancreatic cancer. Finally, recent emerging observations suggest that the potential of the subcellular localisation of Cdc6 in inducing senescence. In this regard, we speculate and hypothesise potentially exploitable mechanisms in the context of inducing senescence via a novel pathway involving cytoplasmic retention of Cdc6 and Cyclin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lim
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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234
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Chang YC, Wu JW, Wang CW, Jang ACC. Hippo Signaling-Mediated Mechanotransduction in Cell Movement and Cancer Metastasis. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 6:157. [PMID: 32118029 PMCID: PMC7025494 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo kinase signaling cascade governs cell proliferation, tissue differentiation and organ size, and can promote tumor growth and cancer metastasis when dysregulated. Unlike conventional signaling pathways driven by ligand-receptor binding to initiate downstream cascades, core Hippo kinases are activated not only by biochemical cues but also by mechanical ones generated from altered cell shape, cell polarity, cell-cell junctions or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. In this review, we focus on recent advances showing how mechanical force acts through the actin cytoskeleton to regulate the Hippo pathway during cell movement and cancer invasion. We also discuss how this force affects YAP-dependent tissue growth and cell proliferation, and how disruption of that homeostatic relationship contributes to cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiuan Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Wei Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Wen Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Anna C-C Jang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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235
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Pocaterra A, Romani P, Dupont S. YAP/TAZ functions and their regulation at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/2/jcs230425. [PMID: 31996398 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ proteins are transcriptional coactivators encoded by paralogous genes, which shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in response to multiple inputs, including the Hippo pathway. In the nucleus, they pair with DNA-binding factors of the TEAD family to regulate gene expression. Nuclear YAP/TAZ promote cell proliferation, organ overgrowth, survival to stress and dedifferentiation of post-mitotic cells into their respective tissue progenitors. YAP/TAZ are required for growth of embryonic tissues, wound healing and organ regeneration, where they are activated by cell-intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Surprisingly, this activity is dispensable in many adult self-renewing tissues, where YAP/TAZ are constantly kept in check. YAP/TAZ lay at the center of a complex regulatory network including cell-autonomous factors but also cell- and tissue-level structural features such as the mechanical properties of the cell microenvironment, the establishment of cell-cell junctions and of basolateral tissue polarity. Enhanced levels and activity of YAP/TAZ are observed in many cancers, where they sustain tumor growth, drug resistance and malignancy. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biological functions of YAP/TAZ and their regulatory mechanisms, and highlight their position at the center of a complex signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pocaterra
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romani
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, via Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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236
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Bolan PO, Zviran A, Brenan L, Schiffman JS, Dusaj N, Goodale A, Piccioni F, Johannessen CM, Landau DA. Genotype-Fitness Maps of EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Chart the Evolutionary Landscape of Resistance for Combination Therapy Optimization. Cell Syst 2020; 10:52-65.e7. [PMID: 31668800 PMCID: PMC6981068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer evolution poses a central obstacle to cure, as resistant clones expand under therapeutic selection pressures. Genome sequencing of relapsed disease can nominate genomic alterations conferring resistance but sample collection lags behind, limiting therapeutic innovation. Genome-wide screens offer a complementary approach to chart the compendium of escape genotypes, anticipating clinical resistance. We report genome-wide open reading frame (ORF) resistance screens for first- and third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and a MEK inhibitor. Using serial sampling, dose gradients, and mathematical modeling, we generate genotype-fitness maps across therapeutic contexts and identify alterations that escape therapy. Our data expose varying dose-fitness relationship across genotypes, ranging from complete dose invariance to paradoxical dose dependency where fitness increases in higher doses. We predict fitness with combination therapy and compare these estimates to genome-wide fitness maps of drug combinations, identifying genotypes where combination therapy results in unexpected inferior effectiveness. These data are applied to nominate combination optimization strategies to forestall resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asaf Zviran
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lisa Brenan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joshua S Schiffman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Dan A Landau
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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237
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Malouf GG, Flippot R, Dong Y, Dinatale RG, Chen YB, Su X, Compérat E, Rouprêt M, Mano R, Blum KA, Yao H, Mouawad R, Spano JP, Khayat D, Karam JA, Ho TH, Tickoo SK, Russo P, Hsieh JJ, Tannir NM, Hakimi AA. Molecular characterization of sarcomatoid clear cell renal cell carcinoma unveils new candidate oncogenic drivers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:701. [PMID: 31959902 PMCID: PMC6971072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomatoid clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (sRCC) are associated with dismal prognosis. Genomic alterations associated with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation are poorly characterized. We sought to define the genomic landscape of sRCC and uncover potentially actionable therapeutic targets. We assessed the genomic landscape of sRCC using targeted panel sequencing including patients with microdissected sarcomatoid and epithelial components. Along with common genomic alterations associated with clear-cell histology, we found that Hippo was one of the most frequently altered pathways in these tumours. Hippo alterations were differentially enriched in sRCC compared to non-sRCC. Functional analysis showed that Hippo members mutations were associated with higher nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ, core effectors of the Hippo pathway. In a NF2-mutant sRCC model, YAP1 knockdown and NF2 reconstitution suppressed cell proliferation, tumour growth and invasion, both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we show that Hippo pathway alterations are a feature of sRCC, and enable the exploration of the Hippo pathway as a novel potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Strasbourg, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France.
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yiyu Dong
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renzo G Dinatale
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eva Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Roy Mano
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle A Blum
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roger Mouawad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Spano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Inserm UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Khayat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Epigenomics Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Russo
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Abraham A Hakimi
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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238
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Zhang Q, Liu N, Bai J, Zhou Q, Mao J, Xu L, Liu J, Wei H, Ren C, Wu X, Wang M, Zhao B, Cong YS. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase is a novel target of Hippo-YAP pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:4178-4188. [PMID: 31950551 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902147r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by maintaining telomere homeostasis, a hallmark of cancer. However, the mechanisms by which telomerase is reactivated or upregulated during tumorigenesis remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that the Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) regulates the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Ectopic expression or physiological activation of YAP increases hTERT expression, whereas knockdown of YAP decreases the expression of hTERT. YAP binds to the hTERT promoter through interaction with the TEA domain family transcription factors and activates hTERT transcription. Furthermore, sustained YAP hyperactivation promotes telomerase activity and extends telomere length, with increased hTERT expression. In addition, we show that hTERT expression is positively correlated with YAP activation in human liver cancer tissues. Together, our results demonstrate that YAP promotes hTERT expression, which could contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wei
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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239
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Kurppa KJ, Liu Y, To C, Zhang T, Fan M, Vajdi A, Knelson EH, Xie Y, Lim K, Cejas P, Portell A, Lizotte PH, Ficarro SB, Li S, Chen T, Haikala HM, Wang H, Bahcall M, Gao Y, Shalhout S, Boettcher S, Shin BH, Thai T, Wilkens MK, Tillgren ML, Mushajiang M, Xu M, Choi J, Bertram AA, Ebert BL, Beroukhim R, Bandopadhayay P, Awad MM, Gokhale PC, Kirschmeier PT, Marto JA, Camargo FD, Haq R, Paweletz CP, Wong KK, Barbie DA, Long HW, Gray NS, Jänne PA. Treatment-Induced Tumor Dormancy through YAP-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming of the Apoptotic Pathway. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:104-122.e12. [PMID: 31935369 PMCID: PMC7146079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eradicating tumor dormancy that develops following epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, is an attractive therapeutic strategy but the mechanisms governing this process are poorly understood. Blockade of ERK1/2 reactivation following EGFR TKI treatment by combined EGFR/MEK inhibition uncovers cells that survive by entering a senescence-like dormant state characterized by high YAP/TEAD activity. YAP/TEAD engage the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factor SLUG to directly repress pro-apoptotic BMF, limiting drug-induced apoptosis. Pharmacological co-inhibition of YAP and TEAD, or genetic deletion of YAP1, all deplete dormant cells by enhancing EGFR/MEK inhibition-induced apoptosis. Enhancing the initial efficacy of targeted therapies could ultimately lead to prolonged treatment responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Kurppa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ciric To
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mengyang Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amir Vajdi
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erik H Knelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yingtian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Klothilda Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Portell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patrick H Lizotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heidi M Haikala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haiyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Magda Bahcall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sophia Shalhout
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Steffen Boettcher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bo Hee Shin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tran Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Margaret K Wilkens
- Experimental Therapeutics Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Michelle L Tillgren
- Experimental Therapeutics Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Mierzhati Mushajiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jihyun Choi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arrien A Bertram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark M Awad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Experimental Therapeutics Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Paul T Kirschmeier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cloud P Paweletz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, LC4114, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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240
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Reggiani F, Gobbi G, Ciarrocchi A, Ambrosetti DC, Sancisi V. Multiple roles and context-specific mechanisms underlying YAP and TAZ-mediated resistance to anti-cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188341. [PMID: 31931113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving resistance to anti-cancer drugs is both a crucial step to define markers of response to therapy and a clinical need in many cancer settings. YAP and TAZ transcriptional cofactors behave as oncogenes in different cancer types. Deregulation of YAP/TAZ expression or alterations in components of the multiple signaling pathways converging on these factors are important mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy, target therapy and hormone therapy. Moreover, response to immunotherapy may also be affected by YAP/TAZ activities in both tumor and microenvironment cells. For these reasons, various compounds inhibiting YAP/TAZ function by different direct and indirect mechanisms have been proposed as a mean to counter-act drug resistance in cancer. A particularly promising approach may be to simultaneously target both YAP/TAZ expression and their transcriptional activity through BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reggiani
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giulia Gobbi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Sancisi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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241
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Kim JW, Berrios C, Kim M, Schade AE, Adelmant G, Yeerna H, Damato E, Iniguez AB, Florens L, Washburn MP, Stegmaier K, Gray NS, Tamayo P, Gjoerup O, Marto JA, DeCaprio J, Hahn WC. STRIPAK directs PP2A activity toward MAP4K4 to promote oncogenic transformation of human cells. eLife 2020; 9:53003. [PMID: 31913126 PMCID: PMC6984821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations involving serine-threonine phosphatase PP2A subunits occur in a range of human cancers, and partial loss of PP2A function contributes to cell transformation. Displacement of regulatory B subunits by the SV40 Small T antigen (ST) or mutation/deletion of PP2A subunits alters the abundance and types of PP2A complexes in cells, leading to transformation. Here, we show that ST not only displaces common PP2A B subunits but also promotes A-C subunit interactions with alternative B subunits (B’’’, striatins) that are components of the Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex. We found that STRN4, a member of STRIPAK, is associated with ST and is required for ST-PP2A-induced cell transformation. ST recruitment of STRIPAK facilitates PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of MAP4K4 and induces cell transformation through the activation of the Hippo pathway effector YAP1. These observations identify an unanticipated role of MAP4K4 in transformation and show that the STRIPAK complex regulates PP2A specificity and activity. Cells maintain a fine balance of signals that promote or counter cell growth and division. Two sets of enzymes – called kinases and phosphatases – contribute to this balance. In general, kinases “switch on” other proteins by tagging them with a phosphate molecule. This process is called phosphorylation. Phosphatases, on the other hand, dephosphorylate these proteins, switching them off. Cancer cells often have mutations that activate kinases to drive cancer growth. The same cells can have mutations that inactivate the phosphatases or reduce their abundance. The roles of phosphatases in cancer are still being studied. One major hurdle in this research is that it is not always clear how they recognize the proteins they dephosphorylate. Protein phosphatase 2A (or PP2A for short) is one of the phosphatases that is often mutated or deleted in human cancers. Even just reduced levels of PP2A can promote cancer. Kim, Berrios, Kim, Schade et al. used an experimental trick to decrease the phosphatase activity of PP2A in human cells growing in a dish. Biochemical analysis of these cells showed that, as expected, many proteins were now in their phosphorylated states. Unexpectedly, however, some proteins were dephosphorylated under these conditions. One of these proteins was called MAP4K4. In the case of MAP4K4, the dephosphorylated state contributes to the growth of the cancer cell. Kim et al. carried out further genetic and biochemical experiments to show that, in these cells, PP2A and MAP4K4 stay physically connected to one another. This connection was enabled by a group of proteins called the STRIPAK complex. The STRIPAK proteins directed the remaining PP2A towards MAP4K4. Low levels or activity of PP2A could, therefore, promote cancer in a different way. Taken together, PP2A is not a single phosphatase that always turns proteins off, but rather is a dual switch that turns off some proteins while turning on others. Future experiments will explore to what extent these findings also apply in tumors. Information about how mutations in PP2A affect human cancers could suggest new targets for cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Kim
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Division of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Christian Berrios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Miju Kim
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Amy E Schade
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Guillaume Adelmant
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Huwate Yeerna
- Division of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Emily Damato
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Amanda Balboni Iniguez
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States
| | - Kim Stegmaier
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Division of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ole Gjoerup
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - James DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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242
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Shin SM, Kim JS, Park SW, Jun SY, Kweon HJ, Choi DK, Lee D, Cho YB, Kim YS. Direct targeting of oncogenic RAS mutants with a tumor-specific cytosol-penetrating antibody inhibits RAS mutant-driven tumor growth. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2174. [PMID: 31998840 PMCID: PMC6962039 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutant (RASMUT) proteins have been considered undruggable via conventional antibody regimens owing to the intracellular location restricting conventional-antibody accessibility. Here, we report a pan-RAS-targeting IgG antibody, inRas37, which directly targets the intracellularly activated form of various RASMUT subtypes after tumor cell-specific internalization into the cytosol to block the interactions with effector proteins, thereby suppressing the downstream signaling. Systemic administration of inRas37 exerted a potent antitumor activity in a subset of RASMUT tumor xenografts in mice, but little efficacy in RASMUT tumors with concurrent downstream PI3K mutations, which were overcome by combination with a PI3K inhibitor. The YAP1 protein was up-regulated as an adaptive resistance-inducing response to inRas37 in RASMUT-dependent colorectal tumors; accordingly, a combination of inRas37 with a YAP1 inhibitor manifested synergistic antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Our study offers a promising pan-RAS-targeting antibody and the corresponding therapeutic strategy against RASMUT tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Yong Jun
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kweon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ki Choi
- Orum Therapeutics Inc., Daejeon 34050, Republic of Korea
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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243
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Hobbs GA, Baker NM, Miermont AM, Thurman RD, Pierobon M, Tran TH, Anderson AO, Waters AM, Diehl JN, Papke B, Hodge RG, Klomp JE, Goodwin CM, DeLiberty JM, Wang J, Ng RWS, Gautam P, Bryant KL, Esposito D, Campbell SL, Petricoin EF, Simanshu DK, Aguirre AJ, Wolpin BM, Wennerberg K, Rudloff U, Cox AD, Der CJ. Atypical KRAS G12R Mutant Is Impaired in PI3K Signaling and Macropinocytosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:104-123. [PMID: 31649109 PMCID: PMC6954322 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allele-specific signaling by different KRAS alleles remains poorly understood. The KRAS G12R mutation displays uneven prevalence among cancers that harbor the highest occurrence of KRAS mutations: It is rare (∼1%) in lung and colorectal cancers, yet relatively common (∼20%) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), suggesting context-specific properties. We evaluated whether KRASG12R is functionally distinct from the more common KRASG12D- or KRASG12V-mutant proteins (KRASG12D/V). We found that KRASG12D/V but not KRASG12R drives macropinocytosis and that MYC is essential for macropinocytosis in KRASG12D/V- but not KRASG12R-mutant PDAC. Surprisingly, we found that KRASG12R is defective for interaction with a key effector, p110α PI3K (PI3Kα), due to structural perturbations in switch II. Instead, upregulated KRAS-independent PI3Kγ activity was able to support macropinocytosis in KRASG12R-mutant PDAC. Finally, we determined that KRASG12R-mutant PDAC displayed a distinct drug sensitivity profile compared with KRASG12D-mutant PDAC but is still responsive to the combined inhibition of ERK and autophagy. SIGNIFICANCE: We determined that KRASG12R is impaired in activating a key effector, p110α PI3K. As such, KRASG12R is impaired in driving macropinocytosis. However, overexpression of PI3Kγ in PDAC compensates for this deficiency, providing one basis for the prevalence of this otherwise rare KRAS mutant in pancreatic cancer but not other cancers.See related commentary by Falcomatà et al., p. 23.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aaron Hobbs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicole M Baker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Ryan D Thurman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Timothy H Tran
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Andrew M Waters
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - J Nathaniel Diehl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bjoern Papke
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard G Hodge
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer E Klomp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Craig M Goodwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan M DeLiberty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Junning Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond W S Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dominic Esposito
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Dhirendra K Simanshu
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Udo Rudloff
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland.
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Channing J Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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244
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Dai H, Shao YW, Tong X, Wu X, Pang J, Feng A, Yang Z. YAP1 amplification as a prognostic factor of definitive chemoradiotherapy in nonsurgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1628-1637. [PMID: 31851786 PMCID: PMC7050074 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Definitive chemoradiation therapy (dCRT) is the standard treatment for patients with nonsurgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), yet patients have demonstrated great variations in their responses to dCRT and inevitably progressed following treatment. Methods To identify prognostic biomarkers, we performed targeted next‐generation sequencing of 416 cancer‐related genes on primary tumors from 47 nonsurgical ESCC patients prior to dCRT treatment. The association between genetic alterations and patients' local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Results TP53 (78% of patients), NOTCH1 (32%), ARID1A (13%), FAT1 (13%), and CDKN2A (13%) were commonly mutated in ESCC patients, while gene amplifications frequently occurred in MCL1 (36%), FGF19 (34%), MYC (32%), CCND1 (27%), ZNF217 (15%), CDKN2A (13%), and YAP1 (11%). Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical factors and genetic alterations indicated that sex is an independent prognostic factor, with males tending to have better LRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; 95%CI, 0.08‐0.77, P = .015) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.35; 95%CI, 0.13‐0.93, P = .030) following dCRT. Meanwhile, YAP1 amplification (n = 7) was an adverse prognostic factor, and patients with this alteration demonstrated a tendency toward worse outcomes with shorter LRFS (HR, 4.06; 95%CI, 1.26‐13.14, P = .019) and OS (HR, 2.78; 95%CI, 0.95‐8.17, P = .062). In a subgroup analysis, while sex and M‐stage were controlled, a much stronger negative effect of YAP1 amplification vs wild‐type in LRFS was observed (log‐rank P = .0067). Conclusion The results suggested that YAP1 amplification is a potentially useful biomarker for predicting treatment outcomes and identifying patients with a high risk of relapse who should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Dai
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc, Nanjing, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alei Feng
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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245
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Yu S, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhang Z, Zhao G, Xu J. CLDN6 promotes tumor progression through the YAP1-snail1 axis in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:949. [PMID: 31827075 PMCID: PMC6906326 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Claudin6 (CLDN6), a member of the tight junction family, is a molecule involved in intercellular adhesion, acting as a physical barrier that prevents solutes and water from freely passing through the extracellular space. CLDN6 has important biological functions, and its abnormal expression is associated with Hepatitis C infection. However, there is limited research regarding its role in gastric cancer. In this study, we found that the expression of CLDN6 mRNA and protein was upregulated in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, which indicated poor prognosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that abnormal CLDN6 expression was associated with enhanced proliferation and invasion abilities of gastric cancer. CLDN6 reduced the phosphorylation of LATS1/2 and YAP1 by interacting with LATS1/2 in the Hippo signaling pathway. Thus, CLDN6 affected the entry of YAP1 into the nucleus, causing changes in downstream target genes. Moreover, YAP1 interacted with snail1 to affect the process of EMT and enhanced the invasive ability of GC cells. Collectively, CLDN6 promoted the proliferation and invasive ability of gastric cancer by affecting YAP1 and YAP1-snail1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Site Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yeqian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China.
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China.
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246
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Zinatizadeh MR, Miri SR, Zarandi PK, Chalbatani GM, Rapôso C, Mirzaei HR, Akbari ME, Mahmoodzadeh H. The Hippo Tumor Suppressor Pathway (YAP/TAZ/TEAD/MST/LATS) and EGFR-RAS-RAF-MEK in cancer metastasis. Genes Dis 2019; 8:48-60. [PMID: 33569513 PMCID: PMC7859453 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo Tumor Suppressor Pathway is the main pathway for cell growth that regulates tissue enlargement and organ size by limiting cell growth. This pathway is activated in response to cell cycle arrest signals (cell polarity, transduction, and DNA damage) and limited by growth factors or mitogens associated with EGF and LPA. The major pathway consists of the central kinase of Ste20 MAPK (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Hpo (Drosophila melanogaster) or MST kinases (mammalian) that activates the mammalian AGC kinase dmWts or LATS effector (MST and LATS). YAP in the nucleus work as a cofactor for a wide range of transcription factors involved in proliferation (TEA domain family, TEAD1-4), stem cells (Oct4 mononuclear factor and SMAD-related TGFβ effector), differentiation (RUNX1), and Cell cycle/apoptosis control (p53, p63, and p73 family members). This is due to the diverse roles of YAP and may limit tumor progression and establishment. TEAD also coordinates various signal transduction pathways such as Hippo, WNT, TGFβ and EGFR, and effects on lack of regulation of TEAD cancerous genes, such as KRAS, BRAF, LKB1, NF2 and MYC, which play essential roles in tumor progression, metastasis, cancer metabolism, immunity, and drug resistance. However, RAS signaling is a pivotal factor in the inactivation of Hippo, which controls EGFR-RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-mediated interaction of Hippo signaling. Thus, the loss of the Hippo pathway may have significant consequences on the targets of RAS-RAF mutations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Catarina Rapôso
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences State University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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247
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Fearing BV, Jing L, Barcellona MN, Witte SE, Buchowski JM, Zebala LP, Kelly MP, Luhmann S, Gupta MC, Pathak A, Setton LA. Mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivators MRTF-A and YAP/TAZ regulate nucleus pulposus cell phenotype through cell shape. FASEB J 2019; 33:14022-14035. [PMID: 31638828 PMCID: PMC6894097 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802725rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the adult nucleus pulposus (NP) are critically important in maintaining overall disc health and function. NP cells reside in a soft, gelatinous matrix that dehydrates and becomes increasingly fibrotic with age. Such changes result in physical cues of matrix stiffness that may be potent regulators of NP cell phenotype and may contribute to a transition toward a senescent and fibroblastic NP cell with a limited capacity for repair. Here, we investigate the mechanosignaling cues generated from changes in matrix stiffness in directing NP cell phenotype and identify mechanisms that can potentially preserve a biosynthetically active, juvenile NP cell phenotype. Using a laminin-functionalized polyethylene glycol hydrogel, we show that when NP cells form rounded, multicell clusters, they are able to maintain cytosolic localization of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A, a coactivator of serum-response factor (SRF), known to promote fibroblast-like behaviors in many cells. Upon preservation of a rounded shape, human NP cells similarly showed cytosolic retention of transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralogue PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) with associated decline in activation of its transcription factor TEA domain family member-binding domain (TEAD). When changes in cell shape occur, leading to a more spread, fibrotic morphology associated with stronger F-actin alignment, SRF and TEAD are up-regulated. However, targeted deletion of either cofactor was not sufficient to overcome shape-mediated changes observed in transcriptional activation of SRF or TEAD. Findings show that substrate stiffness-induced promotion of F-actin alignment occurs concomitantly with a flattened, spread morphology, decreased NP marker expression, and reduced biosynthetic activity. This work indicates cell shape is a stronger indicator of SRF and TEAD mechanosignaling pathways than coactivators MRTF-A and YAP/TAZ, respectively, and may play a role in the degeneration-associated loss of NP cellularity and phenotype.-Fearing, B. V., Jing, L., Barcellona, M. N., Witte, S. E., Buchowski, J. M., Zebala, L. P., Kelly, M. P., Luhmann, S., Gupta, M. C., Pathak, A., Setton, L. A. Mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivators MRTF-A and YAP/TAZ regulate nucleus pulposus cell phenotype through cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey V. Fearing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Liufang Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marcos N. Barcellona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Savannah Est Witte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacob M. Buchowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lukas P. Zebala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael P. Kelly
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott Luhmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Munish C. Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amit Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lori A. Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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248
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Initiation of human mammary cell tumorigenesis by mutant KRAS requires YAP inactivation. Oncogene 2019; 39:1957-1968. [PMID: 31772328 PMCID: PMC7044112 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High YAP activity is associated with poor prognosis human breast cancers, but its role during the initial stage of mammary cell transformation is unknown. To address this question, we designed experiments that exploit the ability of KRASG12D-transduced subsets of freshly isolated normal human mammary cells to form invasive tumors rapidly and efficiently when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Initial examination of the newly developing tumors thus generated revealed a consistent marked loss of nuclear YAP, independent of the initial primary human mammary cell type transduced. Conversely, co-transduction of the same subsets of primary human mammary cells with KRASG12D plus the constitutively active YAPS127A prevented tumor formation. These findings contrast with the enhanced display of transformed properties obtained when the immortalized, but non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells are transduced just with YAPS127A. In addition, we show that YAPS127A-transduction of the human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line (that carry a similar KRAS mutation) enhances their metastatic activity in vivo. We also discover that the KRASG12D-induced early loss of YAP in primary human mammary cells is associated with their induced secretion of amphiregulin. Collectively, these findings suggest that YAP can differentially affect the acquisition of malignant properties by human mammary cells at different stages of their transformation.
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249
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YAP Levels Combined with Plasma CEA Levels Are Prognostic Biomarkers for Early-Clinical-Stage Patients of Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2170830. [PMID: 31886181 PMCID: PMC6899294 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2170830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Surgical operation is routinely applied to patients with CRC. An important part of postoperative care for patients is to assess the prognosis of patients, especially those with early-stage cancers. However, effective biomarkers for CRC prognosis remain inadequate. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic potential of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in early-stage CRC. Methods A total of 116 matched pairs of CRC tissues and adjacent normal mucosae as well as 73 cases of metastatic lymph nodes were analyzed. Results The results show that CRC tissues exhibited higher YAP expression compared with the adjacent normal mucosae. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that YAP expression in the CRC or lymphatic metastatic tissues was clearly higher than that in normal mucosae (P < 0.01), whereas that in CRC tissues with lymphatic metastasis was higher than that in tissues without lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). YAP expression is associated with serosal invasion, lymphatic metastasis, lymph node ratio, remote metastasis, Dukes stage, and CEA levels (P < 0.05). YAP and CEA are independent predictors of the survival of CRC patients (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). YAP predicted CRC prognosis primarily for patients with late-clinical-stage CRC (P=0.002), but not for patients with early-clinical-stage CRC (P=0.083). However, patients with high YAP and high CEA levels exhibited lower overall survival rates than those with low YAP expression in early-clinical-stage CRC (P < 0.001). Conclusion High YAP levels in the cancer tissues combined with high plasma CEA levels are potential biomarkers for predicting CRC prognosis in the early clinical stage.
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250
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Xu W, Zhou G, Wang H, Liu Y, Chen B, Chen W, Lin C, Wu S, Gong A, Xu M. Circulating lncRNA SNHG11 as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2901-2912. [PMID: 31633800 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that tumour cells release substantial amounts of RNA into the bloodstream, in which RNA strongly resists RNases and is present at sufficient levels for quantitative analyses. Our study aimed to discover blood-based markers for the early detection of CRC and to ascertain their efficiency in discriminating healthy controls, patients with polyps and adenomas and cancer patients. We first analysed and screened ZFAS1, SNHG11, LINC00909 and LINC00654 in a bioinformatics database and then collected clinical plasma samples for preliminary small-scale analysis and further large-scale verification. We then explored the mechanism of dominant lncRNA SNHG11 expression in CRC by in vitro and in vivo assays. The combination of ZFAS1, SNHG11, LINC00909 and LINC00654 showed high diagnostic performance for CRC (AUC: 0.937), especially early-stage disease (AUC: 0.935). Plasma levels of the four candidate lncRNAs were significantly reduced in postoperative samples compared to preoperative samples. A panel including these four lncRNAs performed well in distinguishing patient groups with different stages of colon disease, and SNHG11 exhibited the greatest diagnostic ability to identify precancerous lesions and early-stage tumour formation. Mechanistically, high SNHG11 expression promotes proliferation and metastasis by targeting the Hippo pathway. Taken together, the data indicate that SNHG11 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC and a potential biomarker for the early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gai Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Jiangbei People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Baoding Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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