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Should the pharmacological actions of dietary fatty acids in cardiometabolic disorders be classified based on biological or chemical function? Prog Lipid Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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202
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Shin SK, Kim MK, Lee YH, Shin DH, Shin MH, Chun BY, Choi BY. The cross-sectional relationship between dietary calcium intake and metabolic syndrome among men and women aged 40 or older in rural areas of Korea. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:328-35. [PMID: 26060546 PMCID: PMC4460066 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Studies conducted in Western populations have suggested that dietary calcium may protect against metabolic abnormalities, but there is little evidence of this effect in Asians, who have relatively low calcium intake. We evaluated the cross-sectional relationship between dietary calcium and metabolic syndrome among Korean men and women aged 40 years and over. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 6,375 subjects aged 40 years and over and were recruited between January 2005 and February 2010 from the baseline study of the Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study in Rural Communities (MRCohort). A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary information. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the modified criteria published in the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel. RESULTS Calcium intake was related inversely to metabolic syndrome in women (P-value = 0.0091), but not in men (P = 0.1842). Among metabolic components, high waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.0426) and high blood glucose (P = 0.0027) in women and hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0017) in men were inversely correlated with calcium intake. Excluding those who used calcium or multinutrient supplements did not attenuate the relationship between dietary calcium and metabolic abnormalities. CONCLUSION Dietary calcium intake from foods may be inversely related to metabolic syndrome, WC, and blood glucose among women in rural areas of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Kyoung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang Unviersity, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 133-791, Korea. ; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang Unviersity, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 133-791, Korea. ; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-794, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 705-701, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Byung-Yeol Chun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, and Health Promotion Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang Unviersity, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 133-791, Korea. ; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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203
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Kahleova H, Pelikanova T. Vegetarian Diets in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:448-58. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.976890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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204
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Yu Y, Song Y. Three clustering patterns among metabolic syndrome risk factors and their associations with dietary factors in Korean adolescents: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2007-2010. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:199-206. [PMID: 25861428 PMCID: PMC4388953 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Even though the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents is increasing, little is presently known about this syndrome in adolescents. This study aimed to cluster metabolic risk factors as well as examine the associations between identified patterns and nutrient intake using data from the Korean National Health Examination and Nutritional Assessment (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 2,958 subjects aged 10 to 18 years along with both biochemical and dietary data information were obtained from KNHANES 2007-2010. Six components of metabolic syndrome were used to identify any patterns via factor analysis. Individuals were categorized into quartile groups according to their pattern score. RESULTS Three clustering patterns with high loadings were identified and named as follows: 1) high blood pressure, 2) dyslipidemia, and 3) glucose abnormality patterns. The high blood pressure pattern showed high loadings of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, the dyslipidemia pattern showed high loadings of triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels, and the glucose abnormality pattern showed high loadings of fasting blood glucose levels. Intakes of fat and riboflavin were significantly decreased, whereas those of sodium and niacin were significantly increased across the quartiles in the dyslipidemia pattern. No nutrient intake except that of thiamin was significantly associated with the high blood pressure or glucose abnormality pattern. CONCLUSION Our findings show that metabolic syndrome risk factors in the Korean adolescent population are characterized by three distinct patterns, which are differentially associated with dietary factors. Characterizing metabolic risk factors and providing specific dietary guidelines for target groups are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Yu
- Major of Food and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu Bucheon, Gyeonggi 420-743, Korea
| | - YoonJu Song
- Major of Food and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu Bucheon, Gyeonggi 420-743, Korea
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205
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Maslova E, Rytter D, Bech BH, Henriksen TB, Olsen SF, Halldorsson TI. Maternal intake of fat in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health - A prospective study with 20 years of follow-up. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:475-483. [PMID: 25933442 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal fat intake during pregnancy in relation to offspring metabolic outcomes has been studied primarily in animal models, yet little is known about the association in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the association of total and subtype of fat consumption in pregnancy with anthropometric measures and biomarkers of adiposity and glucose metabolism in the offspring. METHODS A source population was 965 Danish pregnant women recruited in 1988-1989 with offspring follow-up at 20 years. Information on fat intake was collected in the 30(th) week of gestation, and we subdivided fat according to saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fat. Offspring body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were recorded at follow-up (n = 670-678), and biomarkers were quantified in a subset (n = 443) of participants. Multivariable linear and log-binomial regression were used to calculate effect estimates and 95% CI for a 1:1%energy substitution of carbohydrates for fat. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) BMI was 22.1 (3.3) and 22.8 (2.9) kg/m(2) in female and male offspring, respectively. The median (10th to 90th percentile) of maternal fat intake was 31% of energy [23,39]. We found no overall associations for maternal fat intake with female offspring anthropometry. However, for male offspring higher intake of MUFA during pregnancy was associated with higher insulin levels at 20 years (Q4 vs. Q1: %Δ: 37, 95% CI: 1, 86) accompanied by a non-significant 3.6 (95% CI: -1.1, 8.2) cm increase in WC. High maternal total fat intake (>=35% energy) was also associated with higher BMI (0.9, 95% CI: 0.2, 1.6) and WC (4.0, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.3) among male offspring. CONCLUSIONS A high fat diet during pregnancy may increase adiposity in adult male offspring. We surmise that maternal MUFA intake during this time included both MUFA and trans fat misclassified as MUFA, and that the associations observed may be more reflective of the latter exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Maslova
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Rytter
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Building 1260, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil H Bech
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Building 1260, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine B Henriksen
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Saemundargotu 2, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Norðurmýri, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Menezes MCD, Mingoti SA, Cardoso CS, Mendonça RDD, Lopes ACS. Intervention based on Transtheoretical Model promotes anthropometric and nutritional improvements - a randomized controlled trial. Eat Behav 2015; 17:37-44. [PMID: 25553558 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of an intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model on anthropometric and dietetic profile among women in the Primary Health Care in Brazil. DESIGN AND METHODS Randomized controlled trial. The control group participated in physical activity and open group-education regarding nutrition of usual care. The intervention group participated in 10 workshops based on the Transtheoretical Model. RESULTS Seventy-one women completed the study, with a mean age of 57.9±11.7years. Participants in the intervention group showed an improved body perception, reduced weight and body mass index post-intervention, and lower consumption of calories and foods high in fat. Significant weight reduction in the intervention group was associated with higher per capita income, reduced consumption of protein, reduced consumption of lipids, and the removal of visible fat from red meat and skin from chicken. CONCLUSION An intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model promoted reduction in consumption of foods high in calories and fat, with positive effects on weight and body perception. These results provide evidence of the applicability and benefit of the Transtheoretical Model within primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carvalho de Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group in Nutrition Interventions of University of Minas Gerais, 190 Alfredo Balena, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-100, Brazil.
| | - Sueli Aparecida Mingoti
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627 Antônio Carlos ave. Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 30161-970, Brazil.
| | - Clareci Silva Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Universidade de São João Del Rei, Research Group in Epidemiology and Evaluation of New Technologies in Health, 400 Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho ave. Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Raquel de Deus Mendonça
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group in Nutrition Interventions of University of Minas Gerais, 190 Alfredo Balena, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-100, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristine Souza Lopes
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group in Nutrition Interventions of University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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207
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Ramezani Tehrani F, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Simbar M, Azizi F. A population-based study of the relationship between idiopathic hirsutism and metabolic disturbances. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:155-62. [PMID: 25200999 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association of idiopathic hirsutism, insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. METHODS Participants of this study included 137 women with idiopathic hirsutism and 698 women as controls selected from two large population-based cross-sectional studies including 1,772 reproductive-aged women. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of the participants were measured and compared; for instance, insulin resistance was estimated through the homeostatic model assessment and the metabolic syndrome was detected using the Joint Interim Statement. RESULTS Mean age, body mass index and other anthropometric measures including waist and hip circumferences were statistically higher in women with idiopathic hirsutism. No differences were observed in blood pressure, glucose and lipid profiles, homeostatic model assessment or the prevalence of insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic syndrome in women with idiopathic hirsutism and controls after adjustment of age and body mass index. In the subgroup of women with metabolic syndrome, fasting glucose levels of those with idiopathic hirsutism were significantly higher than controls, after adjustment of age and body mass index as 114 ± 25.85 vs. 103.52 ± 41.90 mg/dL, P = 0.003. Furthermore, the age and body mass index-adjusted prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in women with idiopathic hirsutism were higher than controls as 16.8 vs. 4.6%, OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.59-5.38. A threshold of 74.5 cm for waist circumference had the optimal combined sensitivity and specificity for prediction of insulin resistance in women with idiopathic hirsutism, though this value was 90.5 cm for controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that although the overall metabolic characteristics were similar in women with idiopathic hirsutism and controls, glycemic disturbances were more often seen in those suffered from metabolic syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - S Behboudi-Gandevani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh Street, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - M Simbar
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - F Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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208
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McNeilly AD, Stewart CA, Sutherland C, Balfour DJK. High fat feeding is associated with stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and reduced anxiety in the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 52:272-80. [PMID: 25544739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that diet-induced obesity is associated with insulin resistance and impaired feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyper-secretion of glucocorticoid, evoked by feeding rats a high fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks, also influences behavioural and neural responses to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test of anxiety. HF-fed animals exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviour in the EPM but were also hyperactive in this test. Covariant analysis established that the anxiolytic-like behaviour was not secondary to the increase in activity. The HF diet significantly increased basal levels of plasma corticosterone. The groups exposed to the EPM also displayed increased plasma corticosterone levels compared to the relevant control group, although the increment was smaller in the HF-fed animals. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactivity in the cytoplasmic fraction of parietal cortex and hypothalamus and the particulate fraction of the parietal cortex were increased by HF feeding. The behavioural changes evoked by HF feeding did not correlate significantly with changes in GR immunoreactivity in each treatment group or 5-HT turnover in the brain areas studied. It is concluded that anxiolytic properties evoked in the EPM by high fat feeding are unlikely to be related to the changes in HPA function seen in animals fed this diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D McNeilly
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
| | - Caroline A Stewart
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - David J K Balfour
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
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209
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Shinagawa FB, Santana FCD, Mancini-Filho J. Efeito do óleo de semente de uva prensado a frio nos marcadores bioquímicos e perfil inflamatório de ratos. REV NUTR 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-52732015000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do consumo crônico do óleo de semente de uva, obtido do mercado brasileiro, nos marcadores bioquímicos e inflamatórios de ratos saudáveis. Métodos: Ratos Wistar, recém-desmamados e saudáveis, receberam por 65 dias óleo de semente de uva e soja em duas concentrações (3 e 6 mL/kg de peso corporal). Os parâmetros avaliados foram a ingestão alimentar, peso corporal e dos tecidos hepático, cerebral e adiposo retroperitonial; neste último, foi ainda realizado o perfil de ácidos graxos. A análise dos parâmetros bioquímicos, peroxidação lipídica e perfil inflamatório através da quantificação das citocinas TNF-α, IL-10 e IL-6 foi realizada no soro. Resultados: O óleo de semente de uva, independentemente da dose administrada, promoveu maior acúmulo de gordura no tecido hepático e aumento nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica do soro. Verificou-se que, quando consumido na maior dose, houve maior incorporação do ácido graxo linoleico no tecido adiposo retroperitonial. Modificações nos parâmetros bioquímicos e inflamatórios séricos não foram observadas. Conclusão: O consumo de óleo de semente de uva não provocou alterações metabólicas significantes em nenhuma das doses administradas ainda que se tenha observado uma elevação nos níveis de peroxidação lipídica sérica.
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de Almeida-Pititto B, Dias ML, de Moraes ACF, Ferreira SRG, Franco DR, Eliaschewitz FG. Type 2 diabetes in Brazil: epidemiology and management. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2015; 8:17-28. [PMID: 25609989 PMCID: PMC4298341 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s72542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most important epidemic diseases in the world this century, and accounts for 90% of cases of diabetes globally. Brazil is one of the most important examples of the alarming picture of T2DM in emergent societies, being the country with the fourth largest number of people with diabetes. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on diabetes in Brazil, specifically looking at the epidemiology and management of T2DM. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and LILACS to identify articles containing information on diabetes in Brazil. Official documents from the Brazilian government, World Health Organization, and International Diabetes Federation were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monike Lourenço Dias
- Department of Endocrinology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra RG Ferreira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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211
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Ishii M, Maeda A, Tani S, Akagawa M. Palmitate induces insulin resistance in human HepG2 hepatocytes by enhancing ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of key insulin signaling molecules. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 566:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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212
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Wong YV, Cook P, Somani BK. The association of metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:570674. [PMID: 25873954 PMCID: PMC4385647 DOI: 10.1155/2015/570674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing prevalence of kidney stones over the last 2 decades worldwide. Many studies have indicated a possible association between metabolic syndrome and kidney stone disease, particularly in overweight and obese patients. Many different definitions of metabolic syndrome have been suggested by various organizations, although the definition by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) is universally considered as the most acceptable definition. The IDF definition revolves around 4 core components: obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of urolithiasis resulting from metabolic syndrome, amongst which are the insulin resistance and Randall's plaque hypothesis. Similarly the pathophysiology of calcium and uric acid stone formation has been investigated to determine a connection between the two conditions. Studies have found many factors contributing to urolithiasis in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, out of which obesity, overweight, and sedentary lifestyles have been identified as major etiological factors. Primary and secondary prevention methods therefore tend to revolve mainly around lifestyle improvements, including dietary and other preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee V. Wong
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Paul Cook
- Department of Biochemical Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Bhaskar K. Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- *Bhaskar K. Somani:
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Tinkov AA, Popova EV, Polyakova VS, Kwan OV, Skalny AV, Nikonorov AA. Adipose tissue chromium and vanadium disbalance in high-fat fed Wistar rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:176-81. [PMID: 25194956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of the current study is to investigate the relationship between adipose tissue chromium and vanadium content and adipose tissue dysfunction in a model of diet-induced obesity. A total of 26 female Wistar rats were fed either standard or high-fat diet (31.6% of fat from total caloric content) for 3 months. High-fat-feeding resulted in 21 and 33% decrease in adipose tissue chromium and vanadium content, respectively. No change was seen in hair chromium or vanadium levels. Statistical analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation of adipose tissue Cr and V with animal morphometric parameters and adipocyte size. Significant inverse dependence was observed between adipose tissue Cr and V and serum leptin and proinflammatory cytokines' levels. At the same time, adipose tissue Cr and V levels were characterized by positive correlation between serum adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio. Adipose tissue Cr and V were inversely correlated (p<0.05) with insulin and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) levels. Cr and V concentrations were not correlated with serum glucose in either high-fat fed or control rats; however, both serum glucose and HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in high-fat fed, compared to control, rats. The results allow to hypothesize that impairment of adipose tissue Cr and V content plays a certain role in the development of adipose tissue endocrine dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya St., 6, Orenburg 460008, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Popova
- Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya St., 6, Orenburg 460008, Russia
| | - Valentina S Polyakova
- Department of Pathologic Anatomy, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya St., 6, Orenburg 460008, Russia
| | - Olga V Kwan
- Institute of Bioelementology (Russian Satellite Centre of Trace Element, Institute for UNESCO), Orenburg State University, Pobedy Ave. 13, Orenburg 460352, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, Zemlyanoy Val Str. 46, Moscow 105064, Russia; Institute of Bioelementology (Russian Satellite Centre of Trace Element, Institute for UNESCO), Orenburg State University, Pobedy Ave. 13, Orenburg 460352, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Nikonorov
- Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya St., 6, Orenburg 460008, Russia.
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Effect of Supplementing Synthetic Amino Acids in Low-protein Diet and Subsequent Re-feeding on Growth Performance, Serum Lipid Profile and Chemical Body Composition of Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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215
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Hazewindus M, Haenen GRMM, Weseler AR, Bast A. Protection against chemotaxis in the anti-inflammatory effect of bioactives from tomato ketchup. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114387. [PMID: 25551565 PMCID: PMC4281064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of tomato products has been associated with a decreased risk for chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, the anti-inflammatory potential of tomato ketchup was evaluated by studying the effect of tomato ketchup extracts and bioactives from tomato ketchup on human monocytes and vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were pre-treated for 1 h with either individual bioactives (7.5 µM lycopene, 1.4 µM α-tocopherol or 55 µM ascorbic acid) or a combination of these three compounds, or with the hydrophilic or lipophilic tomato ketchup extracts or with the two extracts combined. After the pretreatment, the cells were washed and challenged with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 6 h. The medium was used for the determination of the release of cytokines and the chemotaxis of monocytes. Inflammatory protein expression and production were assayed with real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. It was found that tomato ketchup extracts significantly reduced gene expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 in HUVEC after the inflammatory challenge, whereas the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. Chemotaxis was effectively impeded as demonstrated by a reduced monocyte migration. This effect correlated with the reduction of IL-8 production in the presence of the test compounds and extracts. The results consistently emphasize the contribution of lycopene to the anti-inflammatory effect of tomato ketchup. Other compounds in tomato ketchup such as α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid appeared to strengthen the anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene. The tomato ketchup extracts subtly interfered with several inflammatory phases that inhibit chemotaxis. Such a pleotropic mode of action exemplifies its potential mitigation of diseases characterized by prolonged low grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Hazewindus
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guido R. M. M. Haenen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Antje R. Weseler
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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216
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Tan MC, Ng OC, Wong TW, Joseph A, Hejar AR, Rushdan AA. Dietary compliance, dietary supplementation and traditional remedy usage of type 2 diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular disease. Clin Nutr Res 2014; 4:18-31. [PMID: 25713789 PMCID: PMC4337920 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This analytical cross-sectional study examined the nutrient intakes, dietary compliance, dietary supplementation and traditional remedy usage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients from selected tertiary hospitals in multi-racial Malaysia. We compared the different characteristics of T2DM patients with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). Socio-demographic status, dietary intakes, dietary supplementation, traditional remedy use, medical history, anthropometric measurements and clinical characteristics were obtained from face-to-face interviews. A total of 313 patients who were treated for T2DM participated in this study, in which 36.1% of them had CVD. The mean age of study subjects was 55.7 ± 9.2 years; mean diabetes duration was 10.1 ± 8.1 years; 52.1% were females; and 47.0% were Malays. The mean total energy intake of the subjects was 1674 ± 694 kcal/day, and patients with CVD consumed higher total calories (p = 0.001). Likewise, the mean carbohydrate, protein and total fat intake of CVD patients were significantly higher than non-CVD patients (p < 0.05), while mean intakes of cholesterol, fibre, minerals and all vitamins were comparable between CVD and non-CVD patients. Regardless of CVD status, a notably high proportion of the subjects did not meet the recommendations of the Medical Nutrition Therapy Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes for total energy, carbohydrate, protein, total fat, and fibre intakes. Meanwhile, 52.4% used at least one dietary supplement and 12.1% took single traditional remedy or in various combinations. Traditional remedies and supplement intake did not differ between CVD and non-CVD subjects. It is suggested that T2DM patients should be educated based on their personalized dietary intake, dietary supplementation and traditional remedy usage. The recommendations for T2DM patients shall be met to achieve the optimal metabolic goals and minimize the potential diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Chieng Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ooi Chuan Ng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Teck Wee Wong
- Heart and Lung Centre, iHEAL Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur, 59200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anthony Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Hejar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Rushdan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Abstract
Overconsumption of dietary fat contributes to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that high dietary fat may promote these metabolic states not only by providing calories but also by inducing impaired control of energy balance. In normal metabolic states, fat interacts with various organs or receptors to generate signals for the regulation of energy balance. Many of these interactions are impaired by high-fat diets or in obesity, contributing to the development or maintenance of obesity. These impairments may arise largely from fundamental alterations in the hypothalamus where all peripheral signals are integrated to regulate energy balance. This review focuses on various mechanisms by which fat is sensed at different stages of ingestion, circulation, storage, and utilization to regulate food intake, and how these individual mechanisms are altered by high-fat diets or in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang H Youn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
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218
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Woo HD, Shin A, Kim J. Dietary patterns of Korean adults and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111593. [PMID: 25365577 PMCID: PMC4218781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing in Korea and has been associated with dietary habits. The aim of our study was to identify the relationship between dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Using a validated food frequency questionnaire, we employed a cross-sectional design to assess the dietary intake of 1257 Korean adults aged 31 to 70 years. To determine the participants’ dietary patterns, we considered 37 predefined food groups in principal components analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. The abdominal obesity criterion was modified using Asian guidelines. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the metabolic syndrome were calculated across the quartiles of dietary pattern scores using log binomial regression models. The covariates used in the model were age, sex, total energy intake, tobacco intake, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 19.8% in men and 14.1% in women. The PCA identified three distinct dietary patterns: the ‘traditional’ pattern, the ‘meat’ pattern, and the ‘snack’ pattern. There was an association of increasing waist circumference and body mass index with increasing score in the meat dietary pattern. The multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratio of metabolic syndrome for the highest quartile of the meat pattern in comparison with the lowest quartile was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.00–2.15, p for trend = 0.016). A positive association between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the dietary pattern score was found only for men with the meat dietary pattern (2.15, 95% CI: 1.10–4.21, p for trend = 0.005). The traditional pattern and the snack pattern were not associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The meat dietary pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Dong Woo
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
- * E-mail:
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219
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Chiu S, Williams PT, Dawson T, Bergman RN, Stefanovski D, Watkins SM, Krauss RM. Diets high in protein or saturated fat do not affect insulin sensitivity or plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr 2014; 144:1753-9. [PMID: 25332473 PMCID: PMC4195419 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.197624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous human studies reported inconsistent effects of dietary protein and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on insulin action and glucose metabolism. Similarly, it is unclear whether saturated fat (SF) intake influences these metabolic variables. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the effects of high [30% of energy (%E)] vs. moderate (20%E) intakes of protein (primarily whey) on insulin action and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in the context of both high (15%E) and low (7%E) SF diets. METHODS The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial in 158 overweight and obese men and women. After a 4-wk baseline diet [55%E carbohydrate, 15%E protein, 30%E fat (7%E SF)], participants were randomly assigned to 4 wk of either the baseline diet or 1 of 4 test diets containing 35%E carbohydrate and either 20%E or 30%E protein and either 7%E or 15%E SF. Frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance tests were administered after each dietary period. RESULTS Other than significantly higher fasting glucose concentrations for high vs. moderate protein intakes with a low-fat diet (difference ± SE: 0.47 ± 0.14 mmol/L; P = 0.001), there were no significant effects of dietary protein or SF on glucose metabolism, plasma insulin, or concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins. Changes in plasma BCAAs across all diets were negatively correlated with changes in the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (ρ = -0.18, P = 0.03) and positively correlated with changes in the acute insulin response to glucose (ρ = 0.15, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that short-term intake of BCAAs can influence insulin dynamics. However, in this group of overweight and obese individuals, neither high protein nor SF intake affected insulin sensitivity or plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00508937.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Chiu
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Taylor Dawson
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | | | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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220
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Dibaba DT, Xun P, Fly AD, Yokota K, He K. Dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1301-9. [PMID: 24975384 PMCID: PMC4198467 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate quantitatively the association between dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome by combining the relevant published articles using meta-analysis. METHODS We reviewed the relevant literature in PubMed and EMBASE published up until August 2013 and obtained additional information through Google or a hand search of the references in relevant articles. A random-effects or fixed-effects model, as appropriate, was used to pool the effect sizes on metabolic syndrome comparing individuals with the highest dietary magnesium intake with those having the lowest intake. The dose-response relationship was assessed for every 100-mg/day increment in magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome. RESULT Six cross-sectional studies, including a total of 24 473 individuals and 6311 cases of metabolic syndrome, were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. A weighted inverse association was found between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.59, 0.81) comparing the highest with the lowest group. For every 100-mg/day increment in magnesium intake, the overall risk of having metabolic syndrome was lowered by 17% (odds ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0. 77, 0.89). CONCLUSION Findings from the present meta-analysis suggest that dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Further studies, in particular well-designed longitudinal cohort studies and randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, are warranted to provide solid evidence and to establish causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Dibaba
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health--Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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221
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Lima NDS, de Oliveira E, da Silva APS, Maia LDA, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Effects of Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) treatment on leptin resistance and inflammatory parameters in obese rats primed by early weaning. Life Sci 2014; 115:29-35. [PMID: 25241125 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the effects of yerba mate treatment over 30 days on body weight, food intake, hypothalamic leptin action and inflammatory profile in adult rats that were weaned early. MAIN METHODS To induce early weaning, the teats of lactating rats were blocked with a bandage to interrupt milk access for the last 3 days of lactation (EW group). Control offspring had free access to milk throughout lactation. On postnatal day (PN) 150, EW offspring were subdivided into: EW and M groups were treated with water and mate aqueous solution (1g/kg BW/day, gavage), respectively, for 30 days. Control offspring received water by gavage. On PN180, offspring were killed. KEY FINDINGS EW group presented hyperphagia; higher adiposity; higher NPY and TNF-α expression in the ARC nucleus; higher TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the adipose tissue; and lower IL-10 levels in the adipose tissue. These characteristics were normal in M group. As expected, the leptin injection in control offspring caused lower food intake. However, EW group exhibited no change in food intake after the leptin injection, indicating leptin resistance. In contrast, M group had a normal response to the leptin injection. SIGNIFICANCE Thirty days of mate treatment prevented the development of hyperphagia, overweight, visceral obesity and central leptin resistance. This beneficial effect on the satiety of M offspring most likely occurred after the improvement of inflammatory markers in the hypothalamus and adipocytes, which suggests that Ilex paraguariensis plays an important role in the management of obesity by acting on the inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Lígia de Albuquerque Maia
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
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222
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Lee YJ, Nam GE, Seo JA, Yoon T, Seo I, Lee JH, Im D, Bahn KN, Jeong SA, Kang TS, Ahn JH, Kim DH, Kim NH. Nut consumption has favorable effects on lipid profiles of Korean women with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2014; 34:814-20. [PMID: 25238912 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nut consumption has been studied for its cardioprotective effects. However, the findings of clinical intervention studies are inconsistent; and no intervention studies have been conducted in the Korean population. We hypothesized that nut supplementation may have favorable influence on metabolic markers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of nut consumption on metabolic parameters and biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function in Korean adults with metabolic syndrome. To this end, we designed a randomized, parallel, controlled dietary intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02023749). Subjects with metabolic syndrome and a body mass index of at least 23 kg/m(2) were randomized to the Control group and the Nut group, which received supplementation with 30 g/d of mixed nuts (walnuts, peanuts, and pine nuts) for 6 weeks. Sixty volunteers were included in the final analysis. Metabolic markers were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study. Total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly improved in the Nut group compared to those in the Control group (P = .023 and P = .016, respectively) in women. Biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function did not significantly change from baseline in either group. Thus, supplementing a usual diet with mixed nuts for 6 weeks had favorable effects on several lipid parameters in Korean women with metabolic syndrome. These findings present a possible mechanism for the cardioprotective effects of nut consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Lee
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan-si, South Korea.
| | - Ji A Seo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan-si, South Korea
| | - Taehyung Yoon
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ilwon Seo
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Donggil Im
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Nyeo Bahn
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Si An Jeong
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Tae Seok Kang
- Nutrition and Functional Food Research Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Ahn
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan-si, South Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan-si, South Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Korea University Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan-si, South Korea.
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223
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Unraveling the complex relationship triad between lipids, obesity, and inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:502749. [PMID: 25258478 PMCID: PMC4166426 DOI: 10.1155/2014/502749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity today stands at the intersection between inflammation and metabolic disorders causing an aberration of immune activity, and resulting in increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and pulmonary inflammation to name a few. Increases in mortality and morbidity in obesity related inflammation have initiated studies to explore different lipid mediated molecular pathways of attempting resolution that uncover newer therapeutic opportunities of anti-inflammatory components. Majorly the thromboxanes, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and so forth form the group of lipid mediators influencing inflammation. Of special mention are the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids that regulate inflammatory mediators of interest in hepatocytes and adipocytes via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. They also exhibit profound effects on eicosanoid production. The inflammatory cyclooxygenase pathway arising from arachidonic acid is a critical step in the progression of inflammatory responses. New oxygenated products of omega-3 metabolism, namely, resolvins and protectins, behave as endogenous mediators exhibiting powerful anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory actions via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this review we attempt to discuss the complex pathways and links between obesity and inflammation particularly in relation to different lipid mediators.
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224
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Pohlmeier AM, Phy JL, Watkins P, Boylan M, Spallholz J, Harris KS, Cooper JA. Effect of a low-starch/low-dairy diet on fat oxidation in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1237-44. [PMID: 25109619 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects between 4%-18% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with increased risk of obesity and obesity-related disease. PCOS is associated with hyperinsulinemia, which is known to impair fat oxidation. Research shows that carbohydrates from dairy and starch-based foods cause greater postprandial insulin secretion than carbohydrates from nonstarchy vegetables and fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an ad libitum 8-week low-starch/low-dairy diet would improve fasting and postprandial fat oxidation after a high saturated fat liquid meal (HSFLM) in overweight and obese women with PCOS. Prospective 8-week dietary intervention using a low-starch/low-dairy diet in 10 women (body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) and ≤45 kg/m(2)) with PCOS. Indirect calorimetry was used at fasting and for 5 h following consumption of the HSFLM to determine respiratory exchange ratio (RER), macronutrient oxidation, and energy expenditure (EE) at week 0 and week 8. Participants had a reduction in body weight (-8.1 ± 1.8 kg, p < 0.05) and fasting insulin (-19.5 ± 8.9 μg/mL, p < 0.05) after dietary intervention; however, these were not significantly correlated with improved fat oxidation. There was a reduction in fasting RER, and fasting and postprandial carbohydrate oxidation, and an increase in fasting and postprandial fat oxidation after adjusting for body weight. There was also significant difference in incremental area under the curve from pre- to post-diet for fat (0.06 ± 0.00 g/kg per 5 h; p < 0.001) and carbohydrate oxidation (-0.29 ± 0.06 g/kg per 5 h; p < 0.001), but not for RER or EE. In conclusion, an 8-week low-starch/low-dairy diet increased fat oxidation in overweight and obese women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Pohlmeier
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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225
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Austin AW, Gordon JL, Lavoie KL, Arsenault A, Dasgupta K, Bacon SL. Differential association of insulin resistance with cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression. Diabet Med 2014; 31:994-1000. [PMID: 24754892 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations of depressive symptoms with insulin resistance, evaluating somatic and cognitive depressive symptoms separately. METHODS A total of 328 individuals (mean age 60 years) referred for exercise stress testing, taking part in the Mechanisms and Outcomes of Silent Myocardial Ischemia study, completed the Beck Depression Inventory II. A fasting venous blood sample was collected for assessments of insulin and glucose level; the HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) was calculated. In principal component analysis, Beck Depression Inventory II items were forced to load onto two components (somatic and cognitive depressive symptoms). Adjusting for age, sex, BMI, medication use, smoking, physical activity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, general linear model analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the components and log HOMA-IR . RESULTS Principal component analysis showed that nine items loaded onto a cognitive depressive symptoms component and 10 items loaded onto a somatic depressive symptoms component. When examined separately, both components were significantly associated with log HOMA-IR however, when including both components simultaneously in the model, only somatic depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with log HOMA-IR. Back-transformed, a one-unit change in somatic depressive symptoms was associated with a 1.07 (95% CI 1.002, 1.14) change in HOMA-IR and a one-unit change in cognitive depressive symptoms was associated with a 1.03 (95% CI 0.97, 1.14) change in HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Somatic depressive symptoms seem to be more strongly associated with insulin resistance than do cognitive depressive symptoms. Monitoring somatic depressive symptoms may be more appropriate than monitoring cognitive depressive symptoms among depressed individuals with high insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Austin
- Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre, Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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226
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Fujihara K, Sugawara A, Heianza Y, Sairenchi T, Irie F, Iso H, Doi M, Shimano H, Watanabe H, Sone H, Ota H. Utility of the triglyceride level for predicting incident diabetes mellitus according to the fasting status and body mass index category: the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:1152-69. [PMID: 25030050 DOI: 10.5551/jat.22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The levels of lipids, especially triglycerides (TG), and obesity are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Although typically measured in fasting individuals, non-fasting lipid measurements play an important role in predicting future DM. This study compared the predictive efficacy of lipid variables according to the fasting status and body mass index (BMI) category. METHODS Data were collected for 39,196 nondiabetic men and 87,980 nondiabetic women 40-79years of age who underwent health checkups in Ibaraki-Prefecture, Japan in 1993 and were followed through 2007. The hazard ratios (HRs) for DM in relation to sex, the fasting status and BMI were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 8,867 participants, 4,012 men and 4,855 women, developed DM during a mean follow-up of 5.5 years. TG was found to be an independent predictor of incident DM in both fasting and non-fasting men and non-fasting women. The multivariable-adjusted HR for DM according to the TG quartile (Q) 4 vs. Q1 was 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.34) in the non-fasting men with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9). This trend was also observed in the non-fasting women with a normal BMI. That is, the multivariable-adjusted HRs for DM for TG Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared with Q1 were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.23), 1.17 (95%CI: 1.03, 1.34) and 1.48 (95%CI: 1.30, 1.69), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The fasting and non-fasting TG levels in men and non-fasting TG levels in women are predictive of future DM among those with a normal BMI. Clinicians must pay attention to those individuals at high risk for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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Sachleben JR, Yi R, Volden PA, Conzen SD. Aliphatic chain length by isotropic mixing (ALCHIM): determining composition of complex lipid samples by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2014; 59:161-73. [PMID: 24831341 PMCID: PMC4479961 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-014-9836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the amounts and types of lipids present in mixtures is important in fields as diverse as medicine, food science, and biochemistry. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can quantify the total amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in mixtures, but identifying the length of saturated fatty acid or the position of unsaturation by NMR is a daunting challenge. We have developed an NMR technique, aliphatic chain length by isotropic mixing, to address this problem. Using a selective total correlation spectroscopy technique to excite and transfer magnetization from a resolved resonance, we demonstrate that the time dependence of this transfer to another resolved site depends linearly on the number of aliphatic carbons separating the two sites. This technique is applied to complex natural mixtures allowing the identification and quantification of the constituent fatty acids. The method has been applied to whole adipocytes demonstrating that it will be of great use in studies of whole tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Sachleben
- Biomolecular NMR Core Facility, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA,
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228
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Trepanowski JF, Varady KA. Veganism Is a Viable Alternative to Conventional Diet Therapy for Improving Blood Lipids and Glycemic Control. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:2004-13. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.736093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Anti-Obesity Effect and Action Mechanism ofAdenophora triphyllaRoot Ethanol Extract in C57BL/6 Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:544-50. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Effect of dietary intake of avocado oil and olive oil on biochemical markers of liver function in sucrose-fed rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:595479. [PMID: 24860825 PMCID: PMC4016882 DOI: 10.1155/2014/595479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes, along with cardiovascular and hepatic factors, are associated with the development of diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. We evaluated the effect of avocado oil supplementation (centrifuged and solvent extracted), compared with olive oil, upon the hepatic function in sucrose-fed rats. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups: control (basal diet), a sucrose-fed group (basal diet plus 30% sucrose solution), and three other groups (S-OO, S-AOC, and S-AOS, indicating basal diet plus 30% sucrose solution plus olive oil OO, avocado oil extracted by centrifugation AOC or using solvent AOS, resp.). Glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, direct bilirubin, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, and α-amylase concentrations were determined and avocado oil effect on them was studied. In some cases the induced metabolic alteration significantly affected total protein and bilirubin levels and also had a highly significant effect on α-amylase levels. AOC and AOS exhibited effects similar to those of olive oil, according to the nonsignificant difference in fatty acid profile observed by other authors. Avocado oil consumption could be beneficial in the control of altered metabolic profile illnesses as it presents effects on hepatic function biochemical markers similar to olive oil.
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Mayneris-Perxachs J, Sala-Vila A, Chisaguano M, Castellote AI, Estruch R, Covas MI, Fitó M, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Lamuela-Raventós R, Ros E, López-Sabater MC. Effects of 1-year intervention with a Mediterranean diet on plasma fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in a population at high cardiovascular risk. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85202. [PMID: 24651160 PMCID: PMC3961210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important public concern due to its increasing prevalence. An altered fatty acid composition has been associated with MetS, but the Mediterranean diet has been shown to have a protective effect. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as assessed by the biomarkers of food supplied, on the plasma fatty acid composition and its relation with MetS after 1 year of intervention. METHODS A total of 424 subjects were randomly selected from the PREDIMED randomized dietary trial after completing a 1-year intervention program. Participants aged 55 to 80 years and at high risk of cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to three dietary interventions: Mediterranean diet supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts, or a low-fat diet. RESULTS After 1 year of intervention participants in the virgin olive oil group showed significantly increased plasma concentrations of palmitic and oleic acids, but reduced proportions of margaric, stearic, and linoleic acids. In turn, subjects in the nut group showed significantly increased levels of palmitic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids, but reduced proportions of myristic, margaric, palmitoleic, and dihommo-γ-linoleic acids. Increases in the biomarkers of foods supplied to the Mediterranean diet groups, i.e., oleic and α-linolenic acids, were beneficially associated with the incidence, reversion and prevalence of MetS. No weight changes were observed among participants. CONCLUSIONS The nut and olive oil diets induced a fatty acid composition that has been shown to be beneficial in the face of MetS. Therefore, a Mediterranean diet rich in fats of vegetable origin may be a useful tool for the management of MetS without the need for concerns over weight gain due to its high fat content. TRIAL REGISTRATION Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Chisaguano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Castellote
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institut for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institut for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XARTA-INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Jeppesen C, Bjerregaard P, Jørgensen ME. Dietary patterns in Greenland and their relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:462-70. [PMID: 23399043 PMCID: PMC10282280 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001300013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traditional Inuit dietary patterns have been found to be beneficial for CVD but have not been investigated in relation to glucose intolerance. We examined the association between dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). DESIGN Cross-sectional design with a priori derived dietary patterns from an FFQ resulted in five patterns: imported meat (n 196), traditional food (n 601), balanced diet (n 126), unhealthy diet (n 652) and standard diet (n 799). SETTING Associations between dietary patterns and glucose-related outcomes were tested by linear and logistic regression analyses. Data included: dietary intake by FFQ, waist circumference, ethnicity, frequency of alcohol intake and smoking, physical activity, and oral glucose tolerance test results. Fasting participants and those without diagnosed T2DM were classified into normal glucose tolerance, IGT, IFG or T2DM. HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index) and HOMA-β (homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function) were calculated. SUBJECTS Data included 2374 Inuit, aged 18+ years. RESULTS Participants with a traditional dietary pattern had higher fasting plasma glucose (mean 5·73 (95% CI 5·68, 5·78) mmol/l, P < 0·0001) and lowest HOMA-β (48·66 (95% CI 46·86, 50·40), P < 0·0001). The traditional diet gave significantly higher odds for IFG and T2DM than the balanced diet, imported meat diet, standard diet and unhealthy diet. CONCLUSIONS Traditional food was positively associated with T2DM, IFG and fasting plasma glucose, and negatively associated with β-cell function, compared with a standard diet. The imported meat diet seemed the best in relation to glucose intolerance, with lowest fasting plasma glucose and lowest odds for IFG and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jeppesen
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2nd floor, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2nd floor, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Sudhakara G, Mallaiah P, Sreenivasulu N, Sasi Bhusana Rao B, Rajendran R, Saralakumari D. Beneficial effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Caralluma fimbriata against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in Wistar male rats. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:311-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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234
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Ristic-Medic D, Perunicic-Pekovic G, Rasic-Milutinovic Z, Takic M, Popovic T, Arsic A, Glibetic M. Effects of dietary milled seed mixture on fatty acid status and inflammatory markers in patients on hemodialysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:563576. [PMID: 24578648 PMCID: PMC3919090 DOI: 10.1155/2014/563576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant seeds have gained interest for their health benefits due to their fatty acid content. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary consumption of milled sesame/pumpkin/flax seed mixture on glycemic control, serum lipids, phospholipid fatty acid status, and inflammatory factors in patients on hemodialysis. METHODS Thirty patients with well nutrition status (18 male, 12 female) were enrolled in the study. Participants consumed 30 g of milled sesame/pumpkin/flax (6 g/6 g/18 g, resp.) seeds mixture added to their habitual diet. RESULTS Total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and levels of linoleic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic (DGLA), arachidonic, alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid were increased after 12 weeks of supplementation. A significant decrease of the serum triglyceride level (P < 0.001), glucose, insulin, calculated IR HOMA (P < 0.05), and inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and hs-CRP, P < 0.001) was observed after seed mixture treatment. The serum levels of CRP and TNF-alpha negative correlate with ALA, DHA, and DGLA. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicated that dietary milled sesame/pumpkin/flax seed mixture added to a habitual diet lowered triglyceride and CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels, affect glycemic control and improved fatty acid profile and pruritus symptoms in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Ristic-Medic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Perunicic-Pekovic
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical Hospital Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Rasic-Milutinovic
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 102, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities with insulin resistance as its central component, is increasing in prevalence and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current evidence supports an aggressive intervention approach that comprises lifestyle modification in conjunction with drug treatment of the MS components. Healthier eating and regular exercise greatly reduce waistline and body mass index, lower blood pressure and improve lipid profile. Lifestyle modification has been proven to prevent T2DM development. Nevertheless, appropriate treatment of MS components often requires pharmacologic intervention with insulin-sensitizing agents, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, while statins and fibrates, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are the first-line lipid-modifying or antihypertensive drugs. Only severely obese patients require specific drug treatments. Very often, drug combinations will be necessary to manage multiple risk factors. As we progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the MS, new targets for therapies will probably be identified and new treatments will prove to be even more efficacious than those currently available for the management of this life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bianchi
- University of Pisa, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cisanello University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
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Kim KA, Lee IA, Gu W, Hyam SR, Kim DH. β-Sitosterol attenuates high-fat diet-induced intestinal inflammation in mice by inhibiting the binding of lipopolysaccharide to toll-like receptor 4 in the NF-κB pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:963-72. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ah Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - In-Ah Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Wan Gu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Supriya R. Hyam
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
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Abstract
Approximately 20 %-25 % of adults worldwide have metabolic syndrome. Vegetarian and vegan diets have demonstrated effectiveness in improving body weight, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors, as compared with conventional therapeutic approaches, and are potentially useful in the prevention of metabolic syndrome. This article consists of two steps: (1) a review of the literature on studies examining vegetarian and vegan diets and metabolic syndrome and (2) a review of foods and nutrients that are protective against or associated with metabolic syndromes that may help to explain the beneficial effects of plant-based dietary approaches for metabolic syndrome. The present review found eight observational research studies, and no intervention studies, examining the association of plant-based dietary approaches with metabolic syndrome. These studies, conducted mostly in Asian populations, yielded varying results. The majority, however, found better metabolic risk factors and lowered risk of metabolic syndrome among individuals following plant-based diets, as compared with omnivores. Some dietary components that are lower in the diets of vegetarians, such as energy intake, saturated fat, heme iron, and red and processed meat, may influence metabolic syndrome risk. In addition, plant-based diets are higher in fruits, vegetables, and fiber, which are protective against the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior Discovery I, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Office #552, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA,
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Free Fatty Acids and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 121:267-92. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800101-1.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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239
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Arcego DM, Krolow R, Lampert C, Noschang C, Ferreira AG, Scherer E, Wyse AT, Dalmaz C. Isolation during the prepubertal period associated with chronic access to palatable diets: Effects on plasma lipid profile and liver oxidative stress. Physiol Behav 2014; 124:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hoppeler H, Baum O, Lurman G, Mueller M. Molecular mechanisms of muscle plasticity with exercise. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1383-412. [PMID: 23733647 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle phenotype is subject to considerable malleability depending on use. Low-intensity endurance type exercise leads to qualitative changes of muscle tissue characterized mainly by an increase in structures supporting oxygen delivery and consumption. High-load strength-type exercise leads to growth of muscle fibers dominated by an increase in contractile proteins. In low-intensity exercise, stress-induced signaling leads to transcriptional upregulation of a multitude of genes with Ca(2+) signaling and the energy status of the muscle cells sensed through AMPK being major input determinants. Several parallel signaling pathways converge on the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α, perceived as being the coordinator of much of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. High-load training is dominated by a translational upregulation controlled by mTOR mainly influenced by an insulin/growth factor-dependent signaling cascade as well as mechanical and nutritional cues. Exercise-induced muscle growth is further supported by DNA recruitment through activation and incorporation of satellite cells. Crucial nodes of strength and endurance exercise signaling networks are shared making these training modes interdependent. Robustness of exercise-related signaling is the consequence of signaling being multiple parallel with feed-back and feed-forward control over single and multiple signaling levels. We currently have a good descriptive understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling muscle phenotypic plasticity. We lack understanding of the precise interactions among partners of signaling networks and accordingly models to predict signaling outcome of entire networks. A major current challenge is to verify and apply available knowledge gained in model systems to predict human phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hoppeler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Sommerweiss D, Gorski T, Richter S, Garten A, Kiess W. Oleate rescues INS-1E β-cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis by preventing activation of the unfolded protein response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:770-6. [PMID: 24189472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs), such as palmitate, cause β-cell apoptosis whereas unsaturated FFAs, e.g. oleate, are not harmful. The toxicity of palmitate could be mediated through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which triggers the activation of a signal responding cascade also called unfolded protein response (UPR). We investigated whether or not palmitate induced β-cell apoptosis through UPR activation and whether or not oleate as a monounsaturated fatty acid could counteract these effects. METHODS INS-1E β-cells were incubated with palmitate [0.5mM], oleate [1mM] or the combination [0.5/1mM] for 1, 6 and 24h. Viability and induction of apoptosis were measured by WST-1 assay and FITC-Annexin/PI-staining, respectively. Western blot analyses were performed for UPR specific proteins and mRNA expression of target molecules was determined by qPCR. RESULTS Palmitate significantly decreased viability (29±8.8%) of INS-1E β-cells compared to controls after 24h. Stimulation with oleate showed no effect on viability but the combination of oleate and palmitate improved viability compared to palmitate treated cells (55±9.3%) or controls (26±5.3%). The number of apoptotic cells was increased 2-fold after 24h incubation with palmitate compared to controls. Again, oleate showed no effect but in combination ameliorated the effect of palmitate to control level. Phosphorylation of eIF2α was increased after 6 and 24h incubation with palmitate. In contrast, oleate had no effect and in combination prevented phosphorylation of eIF2α. Increased Xbp1 splicing was visible already 6h after palmitate treatment and remained elevated at 24h. The combination with oleate abolished Xbp1 splicing. Interestingly, mRNA expression of the chaperones Bip, Pdi, Calnexin and Grp94 was not altered by FFA treatment. Only the proapoptotic transcription factor Chop was significantly enhanced by palmitate incubation. In accordance with sustained cell survival the combination as well as oleate alone, did not result in increased Chop levels compared to controls. In summary, we showed that oleate protects INS-1E β-cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis by the suppression of ER stress which was independent of chaperone activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietlind Sommerweiss
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Houser DS, Champagne CD, Crocker DE. A non-traditional model of the metabolic syndrome: the adaptive significance of insulin resistance in fasting-adapted seals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:164. [PMID: 24198811 PMCID: PMC3814516 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in modern society is perceived as a pathological consequence of excess energy consumption and reduced physical activity. Its presence in relation to the development of cardiovascular risk factors has been termed the metabolic syndrome, which produces increased mortality and morbidity and which is rapidly increasing in human populations. Ironically, insulin resistance likely evolved to assist animals during food shortages by increasing the availability of endogenous lipid for catabolism while protecting protein from use in gluconeogenesis and eventual oxidation. Some species that incorporate fasting as a predictable component of their life history demonstrate physiological traits similar to the metabolic syndrome during prolonged fasts. One such species is the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), which fasts from food and water for periods of up to 4 months. During this time, ∼90% of the seals metabolic demands are met through fat oxidation and circulating non-esterified fatty acids are high (0.7-3.2 mM). All life history stages of elephant seal studied to date demonstrate insulin resistance and fasting hyperglycemia as well as variations in hormones and adipocytokines that reflect the metabolic syndrome to some degree. Elephant seals demonstrate some intriguing adaptations with the potential for medical advancement; for example, ketosis is negligible despite significant and prolonged fatty acid oxidation and investigation of this feature might provide insight into the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. The parallels to the metabolic syndrome are likely reflected to varying degrees in other marine mammals, most of which evolved on diets high in lipid and protein content but essentially devoid of carbohydrate. Utilization of these natural models of insulin resistance may further our understanding of the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome in humans and better assist the development of preventative measures and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian S. Houser
- Department of Conservation and Biological Research, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Dorian S. Houser, Department of Conservation and Biological Research, National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106, USA e-mail:
| | - Cory D. Champagne
- Department of Conservation and Biological Research, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E. Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
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Kim YS, Lee YM, Kim JH, Kim JS. Polygonum cuspidatum inhibits pancreatic lipase activity and adipogenesis via attenuation of lipid accumulation. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:282. [PMID: 24160551 PMCID: PMC3819703 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity causes metabolic disease and is a serious health problem around the world. Polygonum cuspidatum (POCU1b) has been used clinically for the treatment of constipation, gallstones, hepatitis, and inflammation in East Asian countries. The principal aim of this study was to investigate for the first time whether the extract of Polygonum cuspidatum (POCU) biologically affects adipogenesis in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods Fractions (n-hexan, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) of POCU ethanol extract were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase. Of the fractions, the n-butanol of POCU ethanol extract (POCU1b) was examined anti-obesity activity in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes. To examine the inhibitory effect of POCU1b on adipogenesis, 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated every the other day with POCU1b at various concentrations (0 ~ 25 μg/mL) for twelve days. Oil-red O staining and triglyceride content assay were performed to determine the lipid accumulation. The expression of mRNA and proteins associated lipid accumulation was measured using RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. We also examined the effect of POCU1b on level of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes with POCU1b at various concentrations during adipocyte differentiation. Results POCU1b exhibited the most pronounced inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase activity. We found that POCU1b inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by the reduced formation of lipid droplets and decreased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity. We also showed that the expression levels of adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and perilipin (a protein that coats lipid droplets in adipocytes) were both reduced after POCU1b treatment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-α) proteins, both major adipogenic transcription factors, were markedly reduced by POCU1b. Moreover, ADRP, perilipin, C/EBP-α, and PPAR-γ mRNA levels were also reduced by POCU1b. Levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) were elevated after POCU1b treatment (5, 10, and 25) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-obesity effects of POCU1b involve the inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and adipogenesis via the down-regulation of lipid accumulation.
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Neves FA, Cortez E, Bernardo AF, Mattos ABM, Vieira AK, Malafaia TDO, Thole AA, Rodrigues-Cunha ACDS, Garcia-Souza EP, Sichieri R, Moura AS. Heart energy metabolism impairment in Western-diet induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:50-7. [PMID: 24314865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional transition has contributed to growing obesity, mainly by changing eating habits of the population. The mechanisms by which diet-induced obesity leads to cardiac injury are not completely understood, but it is known that obesity is associated to impaired cardiac function and energy metabolism, increasing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism impairment related to Western diet-induced obesity. After weaning, male Swiss mice were fed a Western diet for 16 weeks in order to induce obesity. After this period, the content of proteins involved in heart energy metabolism GLUT1, cytosolic lysate and plasma membrane GLUT4, AMPK, pAMPK, IRβ, IRS-1, PGC-1α, CPT1 and UCP2 was evaluated. Also, the oxidative phosphorylation of myocardial fibers was measured by high-resolution respirometry. Mice in the Western diet group (WG) presented altered biometric parameters compared to those in control group, including higher body weight, increased myocardial lipid deposition and glucose intolerance, which demonstrate the obesogenic role of Western diet. WG presented increased CPT1 and UCP2 contents and decreased IRS-1, plasma membrane GLUT4 and PGC-1α contents. In addition, WG presented cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced biogenesis, demonstrating a lower capacity of carbohydrates and fatty acid oxidation and also decreased coupling between oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Cardiac metabolism impairment related to Western diet-induced obesity is probably due to damaged myocardial oxidative capacity, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondria uncoupling, which compromise the bioenergetic metabolism of heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana A Neves
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dietary conjugated α-linolenic acid did not improve glucose tolerance in a neonatal pig model. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:761-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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White DL, Collinson A. Red meat, dietary heme iron, and risk of type 2 diabetes: the involvement of advanced lipoxidation endproducts. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:403-11. [PMID: 23858089 PMCID: PMC3941820 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of disordered iron homeostasis in the diabetic condition, with links proposed between dietary iron intakes and both the risk of disease and the risk of complications of advanced disease. In the United States, Britain, and Canada, the largest dietary contributors of iron are cereals and cereal products and meat and meat products. This review discusses the findings of cohort studies and meta-analyses of heme iron and red meat intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes. These suggest that processed red meat is associated with increased risk, with high intakes of red meat possibly also associated with a small increased risk. Historically, humans have relied on large quantities of heme iron and red meat in their diets, and therefore it is paradoxical that iron from meat sources should be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. A reason for this association may be drawn from studies of dietary advanced glycation and lipoxidation endproducts present in processed food and the mechanisms by which insulin output by pancreatic islet cells might be influenced by the protein modifications present in processed red meat.
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Vasskog T, Andersen JH, Hansen E, Svenson J. Characterization and cytotoxicity studies of the rare 21:4 n-7 acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids from the marine opisthobranch Scaphander lignarius, isolated using bioassay guided fractionation. Mar Drugs 2013; 10:2676-2690. [PMID: 23342390 PMCID: PMC3528118 DOI: 10.3390/md10122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine opisthobranch Scaphander lignarius has been analyzed in the systematic search for novel bioactive compounds in Arctic marine organisms using bioassay guided fractionation. A number of highly cytotoxic fractions were shown to contain mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Selected PUFAs were isolated and identified using both liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was shown that the opisthobranch contained unusual PUFAs such as several ω3 fatty acids and the ω7 heneicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid (21:4 n-7) not isolated before. The organism was shown to be a very rich source of PUFAs and the activity of the isolated compounds against a range of human cancer cell lines (melanoma, colon carcinoma and breast carcinoma) is further reported. The ω7 PUFA was significantly more cytotoxic in comparison with reference ω6 arachidonic and ω3 eicosapentaenoic acid. A noteworthy non-selective cytotoxicity against normal lung fibroblasts was also established. The paper contains isolation protocols in addition to cytotoxicity data of the isolated compounds. The potential of marine mollusks as a source for rare PUFAs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Vasskog
- Norut—Northern Research Institute, PO Box 6434, Tromsø Science Park, N-9294 Tromsø, Norway;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Espen Hansen
- Marbio, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (J.H.A.); (E.H.)
| | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +47-776-45505; Fax: +47-776-44765
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Petrofsky JS, Laymon M, Lee H, Yim J, Harnandez E, Dequine D, Thorsen L, Lovell K, Andrade J. CoQ10 and endothelial function in Asians from Korea compared to Asians born in the United States and US born Caucasians. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:339-46. [PMID: 23666274 PMCID: PMC3659004 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The vascular endothelium is the interface between the blood and vascular smooth muscle in arteries. It is easily damaged by oxidative stress. Recent studies show that Asians are more susceptible than Caucasians to impairment of endothelial function. This study examined endothelial function in US-born Caucasians, Asians from Korea, and US-born Asians (almost all Korean decent) and examined the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on endothelial function. Material/Methods Twenty Caucasians and 30 Asians participated (<35 years old, males and females). Endothelial function was assessed by the skin blood flow response to local heat using a thermode for 6 minutes at 44°C and by vascular occlusion for 4 minutes followed by release and measurement of skin blood flow for 2 minutes. In the US-born subjects, the experiments were repeated after 2-week administration of CoQ10 or a placebo. Results When applying 6 minutes of local heat at 44°C, the skin blood flows were significantly higher in Caucasians than both Asian groups Asians. Likewise after vascular occlusion, the blood flow response was greater in Caucasians compared to Asians. Asians born in Asia had the lowest response of the 3 groups of subjects. Administering CoQ10 for 2 weeks eliminated much of the difference between the groups, whereas there was no difference with a placebo. Conclusions These findings suggest that Asians either born in Asia or the US may have lower endothelial function than Caucasians. This may be explained, in part, by genetic variations causing increased oxidative stress from westernized diets in Asians. Co enzyme Q10 administration narrows the difference between the groups.
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Otranto M, Nascimento APD, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Insulin resistance impairs cutaneous wound healing in mice. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:464-72. [PMID: 23627416 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with significant changes in skin combined with metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate the effects of insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet on cutaneous wound healing. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed standard chow (SC group) or high-fat chow (HFC group) for 30 weeks. On day 0 (28th week), an excisional wound was performed. After 14 days (30th week), the mice were euthanized. Starting from the 8th week, the HFC group had a higher body weight. The HFC group became intolerant to glucose, resistant to insulin, and presented increased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The wound area was greater in the HFC group. The inflammatory infiltrate and the amount of "fibroblast-like" cells increased in superficial regions of the lesions in the HFC group. The collagen fibers were more organized and denser in the SC group. Hydroxyproline levels were lower in the HFC group. The nitric oxide synthase-2-positive cells were higher in the HFC group. Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels were higher in the HFC group. The expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-β were higher in the HFC group. These findings support the hypothesis that insulin resistance leads to delayed cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Otranto
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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