201
|
Mirzaei R, Dehkhodaie E, Bouzari B, Rahimi M, Gholestani A, Hosseini-Fard SR, Keyvani H, Teimoori A, Karampoor S. Dual role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on host and pathogen. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112352. [PMID: 34840032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of documents shows microbiota produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as crucial executors of diet-based microbial influence the host and bacterial pathogens. The production of SCFAs depends on the metabolic activity of intestinal microflora and is also affected by dietary changes. SCFAs play important roles in maintaining colonic health as an energy source, as a regulator of gene expression and cell differentiation, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Additionally, the regulated expression of virulence genes is critical for successful infection by an intestinal pathogen. Bacteria rely on sensing environmental signals to find preferable niches and reach the infectious state. This review will present data supporting the diverse functional roles of microbiota-derived butyrate, propionate, and acetate on host cellular activities such as immune modulation, energy metabolism, nervous system, inflammation, cellular differentiation, and anti-tumor effects, among others. On the other hand, we will discuss and summarize data about the role of these SCFAs on the virulence factor of bacterial pathogens. In this regard, receptors and signaling routes for SCFAs metabolites in host and pathogens will be introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Dehkhodaie
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Gholestani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Siddiqui MT, Cresci GAM. The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6025-6041. [PMID: 34819742 PMCID: PMC8608412 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s300989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) system contains many different types of immune cells, making it a key immune organ system in the human body. In the last decade, our knowledge has substantially expanded regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome and its complex interaction with the gut immune system. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and specifically butyrate, play an important role in mediating the effects of the gut microbiome on local and systemic immunity. Gut microbial alterations and depletion of luminal butyrate have been well documented in the literature for a number of systemic and GI inflammatory disorders. Although a substantial knowledge gap exists requiring the need for further investigations to determine cause and effect, there is heightened interest in developing immunomodulatory therapies by means of reprogramming of gut microbiome or by supplementing its beneficial metabolites, such as butyrate. In the current review, we discuss the role of endogenous butyrate in the inflammatory response and maintaining immune homeostasis within the intestine. We also present the experimental models and human studies which explore therapeutic potential of butyrate supplementation in inflammatory conditions associated with butyrate depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tausif Siddiqui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Human Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Shen B, Wang J, Guo Y, Gu T, Shen Z, Zhou C, Li B, Xu X, Li F, Zhang Q, Cai X, Dong H, Lu L. Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt-Induced Colitis Aggravates Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Liver Injury in Mice With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:756299. [PMID: 34795650 PMCID: PMC8593467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.756299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is also frequently observed in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Whether gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBD patients promotes the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the development of NASH in mice with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced colitis. Design: Dextran sulfate sodium salt was used to induce colitis, and high fat (HF), in combination with a high-fructose diet, was used to induce NASH in C57BL/6J male mice. Mice were treated with (1%) DSS to induce colitis in cycles, and each cycle consisted of 7 days of DSS administration followed by a 10-day interval. The cycles were repeated throughout the experimental period of 19 weeks. Pathological alterations in colitis and NASH were validated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), oil red O, Sirius red staining, and immunofluorescence. Gut microbiota was examined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and gene expression profiles of hepatic non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) were detected by RNA sequencing. Results: Dextran sulfate sodium salt administration enhanced the disruption of the gut-vascular barrier and aggravated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in mice with NASH. DSS-induced colitis was accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by alteration in the core microbiota composition. Compared with the HF group, the abundance of p_Proteobacteria and g_Bacteroides increased, while that of f_S24-7 decreased in the DSS + HF mice. Specifically, gut microbiota dysbiosis was characterized by enrichment of lipopolysaccharide producing bacteria and decreased abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Gene expression analysis of liver NPCs indicated that compared with the HF group, genes related to both inflammatory response and angiocrine signaling were altered in the DSS + HF group. The expression levels of inflammation-related and vascular development genes correlated significantly with the abundance of p_Proteobacteria, g_Bacteroides, or f_S24-7 in the gut microbiota, implying that gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by DSS might aggravate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by altering the gene expression in NPCs. Conclusion: Dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis may promote the progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis by inducing microbiota dysbiosis, which triggers an inflammatory response and disrupts angiocrine signaling in liver NPCs. The abundance of gut microbiota was associated with expression levels of inflammation-related genes in liver NPCs and may serve as a potential marker for the progression of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuecheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qidi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Abboud FM, Cicha MZ, Ericsson A, Chapleau MW, Singh MV. Altering Early Life Gut Microbiota Has Long-Term Effect on Immune System and Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752924. [PMID: 34777016 PMCID: PMC8586697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is regulated by immunological components. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) display a large population of proinflammatory CD161 + immune cells. We investigated the effect of early post-natal gut microbiota on the development of the immune system and resulting hypertension in the SHR. We first examined the microbial populations in the fecal samples of SHR and normotensive control WKY using 16S rDNA sequencing. We found that in the newborn SHR (1-week old) the gut microbiota was qualitatively and quantitatively different from the newborns of normotensive WKY. The representation of the predominant bacterial phylum Proteobacteria was significantly less in 1-week old SHR pups than in WKY (94.5% Proteobacteria in WKY vs. 65.2% in SHR neonates). Even within the phylum Proteobacteria, the colonizing genera in WKY and SHR differed dramatically. Whereas WKY microbiota was predominantly comprised of Escherichia-Shigella, SHR microbiota was represented by other taxa of Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae. In contrast, the representation of phylum Firmicutes in the neonatal SHR gut was greater than WKY. Cross-fostering newborn SHR pups by lactating WKY dams caused a dramatic shift in 1-week old cross-fostered SHR gut microbiota. The two major bacterial taxa of phylum Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae as well as Lactobacillus intestinalis, Proteus, Romboustia and Rothia were depleted after cross-fostering and were replaced by the predominant genera of WKY (Escherichia-Shigella). A proinflammatory IL-17F producing CD161 + immune cell population in the spleen and aorta of cross-fostered SHR was also reduced (30.7% in self-fostered SHR vs. 12.6% in cross-fostered SHR at 30 weeks of age) as was the systolic blood pressure in adult cross-fostered SHR at 10 weeks of age. Thus, altered composition of gut microbiota of SHR toward WKY at early neonatal age had a long-lasting effect on immune system by reducing proinflammatory immune cells and lowering systolic blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois M Abboud
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael Z Cicha
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aaron Ericsson
- Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mark W Chapleau
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Madhu V Singh
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Wang T, Wang P, Ge W, Shi C, Xiao G, Wang X, Lü X. The probiotic Companilactobacillus crustorum MN047 alleviates colitis-associated tumorigenesis via modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Food Funct 2021; 12:11331-11342. [PMID: 34668003 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of probiotics is a promising method to alleviate colorectal cancer (CRC) via modulating the intestinal microenvironment. This study aimed to assess the potential anti-CRC effect of Companilactobacillus crustorum MN047 on an azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated (CA)-CRC mouse model. Mice were gavaged with C. crustorum MN047 once daily (∼1 × 109 CFU per mouse). The CA-CRC ameliorating effect of this strain was investigated based on the gut microbiota, inflammation and intestinal barrier integrity. Results showed that C. crustorum MN047 could significantly attenuate tumorigenesis and inflammation via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, this probiotic could improve the intestinal barrier integrity by increasing the mRNA level of some tight junction-related proteins and reducing goblet cell loss. In addition, C. crustorum MN047 administration led to an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in harmful bacteria, thereby increasing SCFAs and reducing LPS levels. These results suggested that C. crustorum MN047 could partially ameliorate the formation of CA-CRC by modulating the gut microbiota, attenuating inflammation and enhancing the intestinal barrier integrity. Therefore, C. crustorum MN047 was a promising probiotic supplement for attenuating CA-CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wupeng Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gongnian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Dang G, Wu W, Zhang H, Everaert N. A new paradigm for a new simple chemical: butyrate & immune regulation. Food Funct 2021; 12:12181-12193. [PMID: 34752597 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in the host system. Among SCFAs, butyrate has received particular attention for its large effect on host immunity, particularly in supplying energy to enterocytes and producing immune cells. Butyrate enters the cells through the Solute Carrier Family 5 Member 8 (SLC5A8) transporters, then works as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC) that inhibits the activation of Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which down-regulates the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α. Meanwhile, butyrate acts as a ligand to activate G protein-coupled receptors GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109, promoting the expression of anti-inflammatory factors. Besides, it inhibits the proinflammatory factors. Further, it can also suppress the expression of chemokines and reduce inflammation to maintain host homeostasis. This paper reviews the research progress highlighting the potential function of butyrate as a factor impacting intestinal health, obesity and brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Weida Wu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Rustia AJ, Paterson JS, Best G, Sokoya EM. Microbial disruption in the gut promotes cerebral endothelial dysfunction. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15100. [PMID: 34755466 PMCID: PMC8578899 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is a group of conditions characterized by disorders of the cerebral vessels. Endothelial dysfunction renders the vasculature at risk of impaired blood flow and increases the potential of developing cerebrovascular disease. The gut microbiota has been recently identified as a possible risk factor of cerebrovascular disease. However, a direct link between gut microbiota and cerebral vascular function has not been established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of gut bacterial disruption on cerebral endothelial function. Male inbred Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive either drinking water with (n = 4) or without (n = 4) a cocktail of nonabsorbable broad-spectrum antibiotics (streptomycin, neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B). Three weeks of antibiotic treatment resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial load and shifts within the bacterial sub-populations as assessed using flow cytometry. Using pressure myography, we found that spontaneous tone significantly increased and L-NAME-induced vasoconstriction was significantly blunted in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) harvested from antibiotic-treated rats. ATP-mediated dilations were significantly blunted in MCAs from antibiotic-treated rats compared to their control counterparts. Immunoblotting revealed that the eNOS-P/total eNOS ratio was significantly reduced in cerebral artery lysates from antibiotic-treated rats compared to controls. Our findings suggest that disruption of the gut microbiota leads to cerebral endothelial dysfunction through reduction of eNOS activity. This study highlights the potential of the microbiota as a target to reverse endothelial dysfunction and a preventative approach to reducing risk of stroke and aneurysms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April J. Rustia
- Chronic Disease Research LaboratoryFlinders Health and Medical InstituteCollege of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - James S. Paterson
- Microbial Systems LaboratoryCollege of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Giles Best
- Flow Cytometry FacilityFlinders Health and Medical Research InstituteCollege of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Elke M. Sokoya
- Chronic Disease Research LaboratoryFlinders Health and Medical InstituteCollege of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Wenzl FA, Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Kraler S, Lüscher TF, Costantino S, Paneni F. Inflammation in Metabolic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742178. [PMID: 34671656 PMCID: PMC8520939 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlapping pandemics of lifestyle-related diseases pose a substantial threat to cardiovascular health. Apart from coronary artery disease, metabolic disturbances linked to obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes directly compromise myocardial structure and function through independent and shared mechanisms heavily involving inflammatory signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic dysregulation causes systemic inflammation, which in turn aggravates cardiovascular disease. Indeed, elevated systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and metabolic substrates induce an inflammatory state in different cardiac cells and lead to subcellular alterations thereby promoting maladaptive myocardial remodeling. At the cellular level, inflammation-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, and lipotoxicity contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, extracellular matrix accumulation and microvascular disease. In cardiometabolic patients, myocardial inflammation is maintained by innate immune cell activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB-dependent pathways. Chronic low-grade inflammation progressively alters metabolic processes in the heart, leading to a metabolic cardiomyopathy (MC) phenotype and eventually to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In accordance with preclinical data, observational studies consistently showed increased inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic features in patients with HFpEF. Future treatment approaches of MC may target inflammatory mediators as they are closely intertwined with cardiac nutrient metabolism. Here, we review current evidence on inflammatory processes involved in the development of MC and provide an overview of nutrient and cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory effects stratified by cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Wenzl
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Schlender J, Behrens F, McParland V, Müller D, Wilck N, Bartolomaeus H, Holle J. Bacterial metabolites and cardiovascular risk in children with chronic kidney disease. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:17. [PMID: 34677718 PMCID: PMC8536815 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of the marked morbidity and mortality associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The classical cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension undoubtedly play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adult CKD patients; however, CVD is just as prominent in children with CKD who do not have these risk factors. Hence, the CKD-specific pathophysiology of CVD remains incompletely understood. In light of this, studying children with CKD presents a unique opportunity to analyze CKD-associated mechanisms of CVD more specifically and could help to unveil novel therapeutic targets. Here, we comprehensively review the interaction of the human gut microbiome and the microbial metabolism of nutrients with host immunity and cardiovascular end-organ damage. The human gut microbiome is evolutionary conditioned and modified throughout life by endogenous factors as well as environmental factors. Chronic diseases, such as CKD, cause significant disruption to the composition and function of the gut microbiome and lead to disease-associated dysbiosis. This dysbiosis and the accompanying loss of biochemical homeostasis in the epithelial cells of the colon can be the result of poor diet (e.g., low-fiber intake), medications, and underlying disease. As a result of dysbiosis, bacteria promoting proteolytic fermentation increase and those for saccharolytic fermentation decrease and the integrity of the gut barrier is perturbed (leaky gut). These changes disrupt local metabolite homeostasis in the gut and decrease productions of the beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, the enhanced proteolytic fermentation generates unhealthy levels of microbially derived toxic metabolites, which further accumulate in the systemic circulation as a consequence of impaired kidney function. We describe possible mechanisms involved in the increased systemic inflammation in CKD that is associated with the combined effect of SCFA deficiency and accumulation of uremic toxins. In the future, a more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the gut–kidney–heart interaction, mediated largely by immune dysregulation and inflammation, might allow us to target the gut microbiome more specifically in order to attenuate CKD-associated comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schlender
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Behrens
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 13316, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria McParland
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Müller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 13316, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 13316, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Holle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 13316, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites and Human Physical Performance. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110716. [PMID: 34822374 PMCID: PMC8619554 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes inhabiting the gut modulate the metabolism of the host. Cross-sectional studies have reported associations between physical performance and the gut microbiota (GM). Physical activity seems to increase GM diversity and the abundance of certain health-beneficial microbes. We reviewed the evidence from longitudinal studies on the connection between physically active lifestyle or long-term exercise interventions and the GM. We made literature searches using databases of Web of Science and PubMed Medline to collect human studies showing or not the associations between the GM and exercise. Many controversies exist in the studies. However, the longitudinal studies show that frequently, medium-intensity endurance exercise has yielded most beneficial effects on the GM, but the results vary depending on the study population and exercise protocol. In addition, the literature shows that certain microbes own the potency to increase physical activity and performance. Generally, a physically active lifestyle and exercise associate with a “healthy” GM. However, in previously sedentary subjects, the exercise-induced improvements in the GM seem to disappear unless the active lifestyle is continued. Unfortunately, several studies are not controlled for the diet. Thus, in the future, more longitudinal studies on the GM and physical performance are needed, with detailed dietary information.
Collapse
|
211
|
Lopes ME, dos Santos LM, Sacks D, Vieira LQ, Carneiro MB. Resistance Against Leishmania major Infection Depends on Microbiota-Guided Macrophage Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730437. [PMID: 34745100 PMCID: PMC8564857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells present a dual role during leishmaniasis: they constitute the first line of host defense but are also the main host cells for the parasite. Response against the infection that results in the control of parasite growth and lesion healing depends on activation of macrophages into a classical activated phenotype. We report an essential role for the microbiota in driving macrophage and monocyte-derived macrophage activation towards a resistance phenotype against Leishmania major infection in mice. Both germ-free and dysbiotic mice showed a higher number of myeloid innate cells in lesions and increased number of infected cells, mainly dermal resident and inflammatory macrophages. Despite developing a Th1 immune response characterized by the same levels of IFN-γ production as the conventional mice, germ-free mice presented reduced numbers of iNOS+ macrophages at the peak of infection. Absence or disturbance of host microbiota impaired the capacity of bone marrow-derived macrophage to be activated for Leishmania killing in vitro, even when stimulated by Th1 cytokines. These cells presented reduced expression of inos mRNA, and diminished production of microbicidal molecules, such as ROS, while presenting a permissive activation status, characterized by increased expression of arginase I and il-10 mRNA and higher arginase activity. Colonization of germ-free mice with complete microbiota from conventional mice rescued their ability to control the infection. This study demonstrates the essential role of host microbiota on innate immune response against L. major infection, driving host macrophages to a resistance phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Eustáquio Lopes
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Liliane Martins dos Santos
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - David Sacks
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Matheus B. Carneiro
- Laboratório de Gnotobiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Liu L, Li Q, Yang Y, Guo A. Biological Function of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Its Regulation on Intestinal Health of Poultry. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:736739. [PMID: 34733901 PMCID: PMC8558227 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.736739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites generated by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber (DF) in the hindgut. SCFAs are mainly composed of acetate, propionate and butyrate. Many studies have shown that SCFAs play a significant role in the regulation of intestinal health in poultry. SCFAs are primarily absorbed from the intestine and used by enterocytes as a key substrate for energy production. SCFAs can also inhibit the invasion and colonization of pathogens by lowering the intestinal pH. Additionally, butyrate inhibits the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which encodes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in intestinal cells via the PPAR-γ pathway. This pathway causes significant reduction of iNOS and nitrate, and inhibits the proliferation of Enterobacteriaceae to maintain overall intestinal homeostasis. SCFAs can enhance the immune response by stimulating cytokine production (e.g. TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10) in the immune cells of the host. Similarly, it has been established that SCFAs promote the differentiation of T cells into T regulatory cells (Tregs) and expansion by binding to receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), on immune cells. SCFAs have been shown to repair intestinal mucosa and alleviate intestinal inflammation by activating GPRs, inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), and downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factor genes. Butyrate improves tight-junction-dependent intestinal barrier function by promoting tight junction (TJ) assembly. In recent years, the demand for banning antibiotics has increased in poultry production. Therefore, it is extremely important to maintain the intestinal health and sustainable production of poultry. Taking nutrition strategies is important to regulate SCFA production by supplementing dietary fiber and prebiotics, SCFA-producing bacteria (SPB), and additives in poultry diet. However, excessive SCFAs will lead to the enteritis in poultry production. There may be an optimal level and proportion of SCFAs in poultry intestine, which benefits to gut health of poultry. This review summarizes the biological functions of SCFAs and their role in gut health, as well as nutritional strategies to regulate SCFA production in the poultry gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Liu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Kunming Xianghao Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Yajin Yang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Aiwei Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Wu Y, Xu H, Tu X, Gao Z. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Gut Microbiota Origin in Hypertension. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:730809. [PMID: 34650536 PMCID: PMC8506212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.730809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and its development involves multiple mechanisms. Gut microbiota has been reported to be closely linked to hypertension. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-the metabolites of gut microbiota-participate in hypertension development through various pathways, including specific receptors, immune system, autonomic nervous system, metabolic regulation and gene transcription. This article reviews the possible mechanisms of SCFAs in regulating blood pressure and the prospects of SCFAs as a target to prevent and treat hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Hongqing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Zhenyan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Bisenieks E, Vigante B, Petrovska R, Turovska B, Muhamadejev R, Soloduns V, Velena A, Pajuste K, Saso L, Klovins J, Duburs G, Mandrika I. The Specificity and Broad Multitarget Properties of Ligands for the Free Fatty Acid Receptors FFA3/GPR41 and FFA2/GPR43 and the Related Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor HCA2/GPR109A. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:987. [PMID: 34681211 PMCID: PMC8537386 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of ligand-receptor interactions postulated as "one compound-one target" has been evolving; a multi-target, pleiotropic approach is now considered to be realistic. Novel series of 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-5-oxoquinolines, pyranopyrimidines and S-alkyl derivatives of pyranopyrimidines have been synthesized in order to characterise their pleiotropic, multitarget activity on the FFA3/GPR41, FFA2/GPR43, and HCA2/GPR109A receptors. Hexahydroquinoline derivatives have been known to exhibit characteristic activity as FFA3/GPR41 ligands, but during this study we observed their impact on FFA2/GPR43 and HCA2/GPR109A receptors as well as their electron-donating activity. Oxopyranopyrimidine and thioxopyranopyrimidine type compounds have been studied as ligands of the HCA2/GPR109A receptor; nevertheless, they exhibited equal or higher activity towards FFA3/GPR41 and FFA2/GPR43 receptors. S-Alkyl derivatives of pyranopyrimidines that have not yet been studied as ligands of GPCRs were more active towards HCA2/GPR109A and FFA3/GPR41 receptors than towards FFA2/GPR43. Representative compounds from each synthesized series were able to decrease the lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and of a chemokine (MCP-1) in THP-1 macrophages, resembling the effect of HCA2/GPR109A ligand niacin and the endogenous ligand propionate. This study revealed groups of compounds possessing multitarget activity towards several receptors. The obtained data could be useful for further development of multitarget ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egils Bisenieks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Brigita Vigante
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Ramona Petrovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Baiba Turovska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Ruslan Muhamadejev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Vitalijs Soloduns
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Astrida Velena
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Gunars Duburs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Ilona Mandrika
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Cruz CS, Ricci MF, Vieira AT. Gut Microbiota Modulation as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Lung Infections. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724033. [PMID: 34557097 PMCID: PMC8453009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal and respiratory systems are colonized by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms called the microbiota. These microorganisms co-evolved over millions of years with the host, creating a symbiotic relationship that is fundamental for promoting host homeostasis by producing bioactive metabolites and antimicrobial molecules, and regulating the immune and inflammatory responses. Imbalance in the abundance, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota (known as dysbiosis) have been shown to increase host susceptibility to infections in the lungs, suggesting crosstalk between these organs. This crosstalk is now referred to as the gut-lung axis. Hence, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for modulation of gut microbiota has been studied based on their effectiveness in reducing the duration and severity of respiratory tract infections, mainly owing to their effects on preventing pathogen colonization and modulating the immune system. This review discusses the role and responses of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the gut-lung axis in the face of lung infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clênio Silva Cruz
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mayra Fernanda Ricci
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica Thomaz Vieira
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Eslick S, Thompson C, Berthon B, Wood L. Short-chain fatty acids as anti-inflammatory agents in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:838-856. [PMID: 34472619 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from microbial fermentation of prebiotic soluble fibers are noted for their anti-inflammatory benefits against obese systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to investigate the effect of SCFAs and prebiotic interventions on systemic inflammation in obesity. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies from 1947 to August 2019 were collected from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. STUDY SELECTION Of 61 included studies, 29 were of humans and 32 of animals. DATA EXTRACTION Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the critical appraisal checklist of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Data pertaining to population, intervention type and duration, and markers of systemic inflammation were extracted from included studies. RESULTS Of 29 included human studies, 3 of 4 SCFA interventions and 11 of 25 prebiotic interventions resulted in a significant decrease in ≥1 biomarker of systemic inflammation. Of 32 included animal studies, 10 of 11 SCFA interventions and 18 of 21 prebiotic interventions resulted in a significant reduction of ≥1 biomarker of systemic inflammation. Meta-analysis revealed that prebiotics in humans reduced levels of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (standard mean difference [SMD], -0.83; 95%CI: -1.56 to -0.11; I2: 86%; P = 0.02) and plasma lipopolysaccharide (SMD, -1.20; 95%CI: -1.89 to -0.51; I2: 87%; P = 0.0006), and reduced TNF-α levels in animals (SMD, -0.63; 95%CI: -1.19 to -0.07; P = 0.03). Heterogeneity among supplement types, duration, and dose across studies was significant. CONCLUSION Evidence from this review and meta-analysis supports the use of SCFAs and prebiotics as novel aids in treatment of obese systemic inflammation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020148529.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Eslick
- Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cherry Thompson
- Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Berthon
- Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- Level 2, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Lécuyer E, Le Roy T, Gestin A, Lacombe A, Philippe C, Ponnaiah M, Huré JB, Fradet M, Ichou F, Boudebbouze S, Huby T, Gautier E, Rhimi M, Maguin E, Kapel N, Gérard P, Venteclef N, Garlatti M, Chassaing B, Lesnik P. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Shape a Transmissible Gut Microbiota That Protects From Metabolic Diseases. Diabetes 2021; 70:2067-2080. [PMID: 34078628 PMCID: PMC8576430 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excess chronic contact between microbial motifs and intestinal immune cells is known to trigger a low-grade inflammation involved in many pathologies such as obesity and diabetes. The important skewing of intestinal adaptive immunity in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO) is well described, but how dendritic cells (DCs) participate in these changes is still poorly documented. To address this question, we challenged transgenic mice with enhanced DC life span and immunogenicity (DChBcl-2 mice) with a high-fat diet. Those mice display resistance to DIO and metabolic alterations. The DIO-resistant phenotype is associated with healthier parameters of intestinal barrier function and lower intestinal inflammation. DChBcl-2 DIO-resistant mice demonstrate a particular increase in tolerogenic DC numbers and function, which is associated with strong intestinal IgA, T helper 17, and regulatory T-cell immune responses. Microbiota composition and function analyses reveal that the DChBcl-2 mice microbiota is characterized by lower immunogenicity and an enhanced butyrate production. Cohousing experiments and fecal microbial transplantations are sufficient to transfer the DIO resistance status to wild-type mice, demonstrating that maintenance of DCs' tolerogenic ability sustains a microbiota able to drive DIO resistance. The tolerogenic function of DCs is revealed as a new potent target in metabolic disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelyne Lécuyer
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Le Roy
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne/INSERM, Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (nutriOmics), Hôpital Pitié- Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Gestin
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Lacombe
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Huré
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Magali Fradet
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Farid Ichou
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Samira Boudebbouze
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Thierry Huby
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Gautier
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Kapel
- Laboratoire de Coprologie Fonctionnelle, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1139, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Immunity and Metabolism of Diabetes (IMMEDIAB), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Garlatti
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute and Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
- INSERM, U1016, Team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases," Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM, UMRS 1166 Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Chen L, Huang Q, Zhao T, Sui L, Wang S, Xiao Z, Nan Y, Ai K. Nanotherapies for sepsis by regulating inflammatory signals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: New insight for treating COVID-19. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102046. [PMID: 34174559 PMCID: PMC8205260 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused up to 127 million cases of COVID-19. Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients develop severe illness, and approximately 40% of those with severe illness eventually die, corresponding to more than 2.78 million people. The pathological characteristics of COVID-19 resemble typical sepsis, and severe COVID-19 has been identified as viral sepsis. Progress in sepsis research is important for improving the clinical care of these patients. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of sepsis have led to the view that an uncontrolled inflammatory response and oxidative stress are core factors. However, in the traditional treatment of sepsis, it is difficult to achieve a balance between the inflammation, pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi), and patient tolerance, resulting in high mortality of patients with sepsis. In recent years, nanomaterials mediating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and the inflammatory response have shown previously unattainable therapeutic effects on sepsis. Despite these advantages, RONS and inflammatory response-based nanomaterials have yet to be extensively adopted as sepsis therapy. To the best of our knowledge, no review has yet discussed the pathogenesis of sepsis and the application of nanomaterials. To help bridge this gap, we discuss the pathogenesis of sepsis related to inflammation and the overproduction RONS, which activate pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-PRR signaling pathways. We also summarize the application of nanomaterials in the treatment of sepsis. As highlighted here, this strategy could synergistically improve the therapeutic efficacy against both RONS and inflammation in sepsis and may prolong survival. Current challenges and future developments for sepsis treatment are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, Hunan, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Sui
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Bai J, Zhao J, Al-Ansi W, Wang J, Xue L, Liu J, Wang Y, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Oat β-glucan alleviates DSS-induced colitis via regulating gut microbiota metabolism in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:8976-8993. [PMID: 34382058 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide, while oat β-glucan has been shown to suppress the progress of colitis in UC mice. However, the underlying mechanism of oat β-glucan in ameliorating colitis is unclear and the role of gut microbiota in the protective effect of oat β-glucan against colitis remains unknown. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effect of oat β-glucan on gut microbiota in colitis mice and explore the health effect related mechanism. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce the colitis model in mice. The results showed that β-glucan treatment attenuated hematochezia, splenomegaly and colon shortening in colitis mice. Histological evaluation of H&E and TUNEL staining showed that β-glucan treatment suppressed DSS-induced colonic inflammatory infiltration and reduced cell apoptosis levels of colon tissues. mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors were also significantly reduced in the β-glucan group. Moreover, β-glucan treatment increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins. Analysis of gut microbiota community showed that β-glucan treatment modulated gut microbial composition and structure at the OTU level in colitis mice. Further analysis of gut microbial metabolism revealed that β-glucan treatment significantly increased acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations, and affected microbial metabolome in colitis mice. Notably, the increased acetate and propionate concentrations could directly affect pro-inflammatory factor expression levels and tight junction protein levels. In contrast, the changes in metabolic profiles affected pro-inflammatory factor levels and thus affected tight junction protein levels. Overall, our study revealed that oat β-glucan ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice simultaneously through regulating gut-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial metabolic biomarkers. Our study demonstrated that oat β-glucan could be an effective nutritional intervention strategy towards targeting gut microbiota metabolism for ameliorating colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Cooking Science and Technology, Jiangsu College of Tourism, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Yu L, Zhang L, Duan H, Zhao R, Xiao Y, Guo M, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Tian F. The Protection of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661 Against Benzopyrene-Induced Toxicity via Regulation of the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2021; 12:736129. [PMID: 34447391 PMCID: PMC8383074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the protection of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8661, a candidate probiotic with excellent benzopyrene (B[a]P)-binding capacity in vitro, against B[a]P-induced toxicity in the colon and brain of mice. Mice that received B[a]P alone served as the model group. Each mouse in the L. plantarum treatment groups were administered 2×109 colony forming unit (CFU) of L. plantarum strains once daily, followed by an oral dose of B[a]P at 50 mg/kg body weight. Behavior, biochemical indicators in the colon and brain tissue, and the gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in the gut were investigated. Compared to the treatment in the model group, CCFM8661 treatment effectively reduced oxidative stress in the brain, improved behavioral performance, increased intestinal barrier integrity, and alleviated histopathological changes in mice. Moreover, CCFM8661 increased the gut microbiota diversity and abundance of Ruminococcus and Lachnospiraceae and reduced the abundance of pro-inflammatory Turicibacter spp. Additionally, the production of SCFAs was significantly increased by L. plantarum CCFM8661. Our results suggest that CCFM8661 is effective against acute B[a]P-induced toxicity in mice and that it can be considered as an effective and easy dietary intervention against B[a]P toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruohan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Moylan HEC, Nguyen-Ngo C, Lim R, Lappas M. The short-chain fatty acids butyrate and propionate protect against inflammation-induced activation of mediators involved in active labor: implications for preterm birth. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:452-468. [PMID: 32236411 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth is a global health issue affecting up to 20% of pregnancies and leaves a legacy of neurodevelopmental complications. Inflammation has been implicated in a significant proportion of preterm births, where pro-inflammatory insults trigger production of additional pro-inflammatory and pro-labor mediators. Thus, novel therapeutics that can target inflammation may be a novel avenue for preventing preterm birth and improving adverse fetal outcomes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate and propionate, are dietary metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the gut. SCFAs are known to possess anti-inflammatory properties and have been found to function through G-coupled-receptors and histone deacetylases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SCFAs on pro-inflammatory and pro-labor mediators in an in vitro model of preterm birth. Primary human cells isolated from myometrium and fetal membranes (decidua, amnion mesenchymal and amnion epithelial cells) were stimulated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or interleukin 1B (IL1B). The SCFAs butyrate and propionate suppressed inflammation-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, adhesion molecules, the uterotonic prostaglandin PGF2alpha and enzymes involved in remodeling of myometrium and degradation of the fetal membranes. Notably, propionate and butyrate also suppressed inflammation-induced prostaglandin signaling and myometrial cell contraction. These effects appear to be mediated through suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. These results suggest that the SCFAs may be able to prevent myometrial contractions and rupture of membranes. Further in vivo studies are warranted to identify the efficacy of SCFAs as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic to prevent inflammation-induced spontaneous preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hope Eveline Carter Moylan
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Graef FA, Celiberto LS, Allaire JM, Kuan MTY, Bosman ES, Crowley SM, Yang H, Chan JH, Stahl M, Yu H, Quin C, Gibson DL, Verdu EF, Jacobson K, Vallance BA. Fasting increases microbiome-based colonization resistance and reduces host inflammatory responses during an enteric bacterial infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009719. [PMID: 34352037 PMCID: PMC8341583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing food intake is a common host response to infection, yet it remains unclear whether fasting is detrimental or beneficial to an infected host. Despite the gastrointestinal tract being the primary site of nutrient uptake and a common route for infection, studies have yet to examine how fasting alters the host's response to an enteric infection. To test this, mice were fasted before and during oral infection with the invasive bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Fasting dramatically interrupted infection and subsequent gastroenteritis by suppressing Salmonella's SPI-1 virulence program, preventing invasion of the gut epithelium. Virulence suppression depended on the gut microbiota, as Salmonella's invasion of the epithelium proceeded in fasting gnotobiotic mice. Despite Salmonella's restored virulence within the intestines of gnotobiotic mice, fasting downregulated pro-inflammatory signaling, greatly reducing intestinal pathology. Our study highlights how food intake controls the complex relationship between host, pathogen and gut microbiota during an enteric infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A. Graef
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Larissa S. Celiberto
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joannie M. Allaire
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mimi T. Y. Kuan
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Else S. Bosman
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Crowley
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hyungjun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin H. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Stahl
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongbing Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Candice Quin
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- Farncombe Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Chen L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wang D, Ke Y, Zeng X. Propionate and Butyrate Produced by Gut Microbiota after Probiotic Supplementation Attenuate Lung Metastasis of Melanoma Cells in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100096. [PMID: 34061433 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The beneficial effects of probiotics in reducing gastrointestinal inflammation and in preventing colorectal cancer have been reported, but the mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory effect of probiotics in inhibiting extra-intestinal tumor progression remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This study shows that probiotic supplementation attenuate lung metastasis of melanoma cells in mice. Feeding mice with VSL#3 probiotics change the composition and proportion of gut microbiota. The changes in gut bacteria composition, such as in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Streptococcus, and Lachnoclostridium, are associated with the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. The concentrations of propionate and butyrate are upregulated in gut and blood after feeding VSL#3, and the increase in propionate and butyrate levels promotes the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) in lung endothelial cells and the recruitment of T helper 17 (Th17) cells to the lungs via the CCL20/chemokine receptor 6 axis. The recruitment of Th17 cells decreases the number of tumor foci in lungs and attenuates the lung metastasis of melanoma cells in mice. CONCLUSIONS The results provide new information on the role and mechanisms of action of probiotics in attenuating extra-intestinal tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Dake Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yueshuang Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen of immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. To successfully establish an infection, A. fumigatus needs to use host carbon sources, such as acetate, present in the body fluids and peripheral tissues. However, utilization of acetate as a carbon source by fungi in the context of infection has not been investigated. This work shows that acetate is metabolized via different pathways in A. fumigatus and that acetate utilization is under the regulatory control of a transcription factor (TF), FacB. A. fumigatus acetate utilization is subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR), although this is only partially dependent on the TF and main regulator of CCR CreA. The available extracellular carbon source, in this case glucose and acetate, significantly affected A. fumigatus virulence traits such as secondary metabolite secretion and cell wall composition, with the latter having consequences for resistance to oxidative stress, antifungal drugs, and human neutrophil-mediated killing. Furthermore, deletion of facB significantly impaired the in vivo virulence of A. fumigatus in both insect and mammalian models of invasive aspergillosis. This is the first report on acetate utilization in A. fumigatus, and this work further highlights the importance of available host-specific carbon sources in shaping fungal virulence traits and subsequent disease outcome, and a potential target for the development of antifungal strategies. IMPORTANCE Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen in humans. During infection, A. fumigatus is predicted to use host carbon sources, such as acetate, present in body fluids and peripheral tissues, to sustain growth and promote colonization and invasion. This work shows that A. fumigatus metabolizes acetate via different pathways, a process that is dependent on the transcription factor FacB. Furthermore, the type and concentration of the extracellular available carbon source were determined to shape A. fumigatus virulence determinants such as secondary metabolite secretion and cell wall composition. Subsequently, interactions with immune cells are altered in a carbon source-specific manner. FacB is required for A. fumigatus in vivo virulence in both insect and mammalian models of invasive aspergillosis. This is the first report that characterizes acetate utilization in A. fumigatus and highlights the importance of available host-specific carbon sources in shaping virulence traits and potentially subsequent disease outcome.
Collapse
|
225
|
Bifidobacterium Longum: Protection against Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8030297. [PMID: 34337079 PMCID: PMC8324359 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades. IBD is generally associated with the change of the immune system and gut microbiota, and the conventional treatments usually result in some side effects. Bifidobacterium longum, as colonizing bacteria in the intestine, has been demonstrated to be capable of relieving colitis in mice and can be employed as an alternative or auxiliary way for treating IBD. Here, the mechanisms of the Bifidobacterium longum in the treatment of IBD were summarized based on previous cell and animal studies and clinical trials testing bacterial therapies. This review will be served as a basis for future research on IBD treatment.
Collapse
|
226
|
Al-Roub A, Akhter N, Al-Sayyar A, Wilson A, Thomas R, Kochumon S, Al-Rashed F, Al-Mulla F, Sindhu S, Ahmad R. Short Chain Fatty Acid Acetate Increases TNFα-Induced MCP-1 Production in Monocytic Cells via ACSL1/MAPK/NF-κB Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147683. [PMID: 34299302 PMCID: PMC8304091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, a byproduct of dietary fiber metabolism by gut bacteria, has multiple immunomodulatory functions. The anti-inflammatory role of acetate is well documented; however, its effect on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production is unknown. Similarly, the comparative effect of SCFA on MCP-1 expression in monocytes and macrophages remains unclear. We investigated whether acetate modulates TNFα-mediated MCP-1/CCL2 production in monocytes/macrophages and, if so, by which mechanism(s). Monocytic cells were exposed to acetate with/without TNFα for 24 h, and MCP-1 expression was measured. Monocytes treated with acetate in combination with TNFα resulted in significantly greater MCP-1 production compared to TNFα treatment alone, indicating a synergistic effect. On the contrary, treatment with acetate in combination with TNFα suppressed MCP-1 production in macrophages. The synergistic upregulation of MCP-1 was mediated through the activation of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1). However, the inhibition of other bioactive lipid enzymes [carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) or serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT)] did not affect this synergy. Moreover, MCP-1 expression was significantly reduced by the inhibition of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB signaling. The inhibition of ACSL1 attenuated the acetate/TNFα-mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB. Increased NF-κB/AP-1 activity, resulting from acetate/TNFα co-stimulation, was decreased by ACSL1 inhibition. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the proinflammatory effects of acetate on TNF-α-mediated MCP-1 production via the ACSL1/MAPK/NF-κB axis in monocytic cells, while a paradoxical effect was observed in THP-1-derived macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areej Al-Roub
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.-R.); (N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (A.W.); (R.T.); (S.K.); (F.A.-R.)
| | - Nadeem Akhter
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.-R.); (N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (A.W.); (R.T.); (S.K.); (F.A.-R.)
| | - Amnah Al-Sayyar
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.-R.); (N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (A.W.); (R.T.); (S.K.); (F.A.-R.)
| | - Ajit Wilson
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.-R.); (N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (A.W.); (R.T.); (S.K.); (F.A.-R.)
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.-R.); (N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (A.W.); (R.T.); (S.K.); (F.A.-R.)
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.-R.); (N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (A.W.); (R.T.); (S.K.); (F.A.-R.)
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.-R.); (N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (A.W.); (R.T.); (S.K.); (F.A.-R.)
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics & Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (A.A.-R.); (N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (A.W.); (R.T.); (S.K.); (F.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +965-2224-2999 (ext. 4311)
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Liu J, Xu S, Liu S, Chen B. miR‑3613‑3p/MAP3K2/p38/caspase‑3 pathway regulates the heat‑stress‑induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:633. [PMID: 34278472 PMCID: PMC8280962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified microRNA (miRNA/miR)-3613-3p as a heat stress (HS)-related miRNA in endothelial cells that can lead to apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying the miR-3613-3p-mediated apoptosis of HS-exposed endothelial cells remains unclear. In the present study, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to determine protein and miRNA expression levels, respectively. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, caspase-3 activity measurements and DNA fragmentation assays were performed to detect apoptosis. To evaluate whether mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2) was a direct target of miR-3613-3p, a luciferase reporter assay was performed. In addition, transient transfection was used to carry out loss- and gain-of-function experiments. The results revealed that miR-3613-3p expression was reduced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following HS, which led to apoptosis. Mechanistically, following HS, a decrease in miR-3613-3p binding to the 3′-untranslated region of MAP3K2 directly upregulated its expression, and the downstream p38 and caspase-3 pathways, thereby leading to apoptosis. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that HS suppressed miR-3613-3p expression, which activated the MAP3K2/p38/caspase-3 pathway, leading to the apoptosis of HUVECs. In conclusion, the miR-3613-3p/MAP3K2/p38/caspase-3 pathway may serve an indispensable role in regulating the progression of apoptosis, indicating a regulatory role of miR-3613-3p in the pathophysiology of HS-exposed endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hefei Boe Hospital Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Siya Xu
- Department of Emergency, Central Theater General Hospital of The People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Central Theater General Hospital of The People's Liberation Army of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bingguan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hefei Boe Hospital Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Bongiovanni T, Yin MOL, Heaney L. The Athlete and Gut Microbiome: Short-chain Fatty Acids as Potential Ergogenic Aids for Exercise and Training. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1143-1158. [PMID: 34256388 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced in the gut via microbial fermentation of dietary fibers referred to as microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). Acetate, propionate, and butyrate have been observed to regulate host dietary nutrient metabolism, energy balance, and local and systemic immune functions. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown links between the presence of bacteria-derived SCFAs and host health through the blunting of inflammatory processes, as well as purported protection from the development of illness associated with respiratory infections. This bank of evidence suggests that SCFAs could be beneficial to enhance the athlete's immunity, as well as act to improve exercise recovery via anti-inflammatory activity and to provide additional energy substrates for exercise performance. However, the mechanistic basis and applied evidence for these relationships in humans have yet to be fully established. In this narrative review, we explore the existing knowledge of SCFA synthesis and the functional importance of the gut microbiome composition to induce SCFA production. Further, changes in gut microbiota associated with exercise and various dietary MACs are described. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research and practical applications, including how these metabolites could be manipulated through dietary fiber intake to optimize immunity and energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liam Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Beale AL, O'Donnell JA, Nakai ME, Nanayakkara S, Vizi D, Carter K, Dean E, Ribeiro RV, Yiallourou S, Carrington MJ, Marques FZ, Kaye DM. The Gut Microbiome of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020654. [PMID: 34212778 PMCID: PMC8403331 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) include hypertension, age, sex, and obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota independently contributes to each one of these risk factors, potentially mediated via gut microbial‐derived metabolites such as short‐chain fatty acids. In this study, we determined whether the gut microbiota were associated with HFpEF and its risk factors. Methods and Results We recruited 26 patients with HFpEF and 67 control participants from 2 independent communities. Patients with HFpEF were diagnosed by exercise right heart catheterization. We assessed the gut microbiome by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and food intake by the food frequency questionnaire. There was a significant difference in α‐diversity (eg, number of microbes) and β‐diversity (eg, type and abundance of microbes) between both cohorts of controls and patients with HFpEF (P=0.001). We did not find an association between β‐diversity and specific demographic or hemodynamic parameters or risk factors for HFpEF. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, a commonly used marker of gut dysbiosis, was lower, but not significantly so (P=0.093), in the patients with HFpEF. Compared with controls, the gut microbiome of patients with HFpEF was depleted of bacteria that are short‐chain fatty acid producers. Consistent with this, participants with HFpEF consumed less dietary fiber (17.6±7.7 versus 23.2±8.8 g/day; P=0.016). Conclusions We demonstrate key changes in the gut microbiota in patients with HFpEF, including the depletion of bacteria that generate metabolites known to be important for cardiovascular homeostasis. Further studies are required to validate the role of these gut microbiota and metabolites in the pathophysiology of HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Beale
- Heart Failure Research Group Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia.,Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Joanne A O'Donnell
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Michael E Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Shane Nanayakkara
- Heart Failure Research Group Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Donna Vizi
- Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Kaye Carter
- Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Eliza Dean
- Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Australia
| | - Stephanie Yiallourou
- Pre-Clinical Disease and Prevention Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Melinda J Carrington
- Pre-Clinical Disease and Prevention Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Heart Failure Research Group Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Melbourne Australia.,Department of Cardiology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia.,Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Wang T, Zhang L, Wang P, Liu Y, Wang G, Shan Y, Yi Y, Zhou Y, Liu B, Wang X, Lü X. Lactobacillus coryniformis MXJ32 administration ameliorates azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer via reshaping intestinal microenvironment and alleviating inflammatory response. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:85-99. [PMID: 34185157 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gut microbiota has been reported to contribute to either prevent or promote colorectal cancer (CRC), and treatment with probiotics might be a promising intervention method. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-CRC effects of Lactobacillus coryniformis MXJ32 on a colitis-associated (CA)-CRC mouse model. METHODS The CA-CRC mouse model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg azoxymethane and followed by three 7-day cycles of 2% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water with a 14-day recovery period. Mice were supplemented with L. coryniformis MXJ32 by oral gavage (1 × 109 CFU/day/mouse). The CA-CRC attenuating effects of this probiotic were assessed via intestinal barrier integrity, inflammation, and gut microenvironment. RESULTS Treatment with L. coryniformis MXJ32 could significantly inhibit the total number of tumors and the average tumor diameter. This probiotic administration prevented the damage of intestinal barrier function by enhancing the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1) and recovering the loss of goblet cells. Moreover, L. coryniformis MXJ32 alleviated intestinal inflammation via down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-γ, and IL-17a) and chemokines (Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl3, Cxcl5, and Ccl7). In addition, L. coryniformis MXJ32 supplementation increased the abundance of some beneficial bacteria (such as SCFAs-producing bacteria, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Faecalibaculum) and decreased the abundance of some harmful bacteria (such as pro-inflammatory bacteria, Desulfovibrio and Helicobacter), which in turn attenuated the overexpression of inflammation. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus coryniformis MXJ32 could effectively ameliorate CA-CRC via regulating intestinal microenvironment, alleviating inflammation, and intestinal barrier damage, which further suggested that L. coryniformis MXJ32 could be considered as a functional food ingredient for the alleviation of CA-CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leshan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gangtu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bianfang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
De la Fuente M. The Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in the Health and Illness Condition: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1345-1360. [PMID: 33935086 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trillions of commensal microbes live in our body, the majority in the gut. This gut microbiota is in constant interaction with the homeostatic systems, the nervous, immune and endocrine systems, being fundamental for their appropriate development and function as well as for the neuroimmunoendocrine communication. The health state of an individual is understood in the frame of this communication, in which the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a relevant example. This bidirectional axis is constituted in early age and is affected by many environmental and lifestyle factors such as diet and stress, among others, being involved in the adequate maintenance of homeostasis and consequently in the health of each subject and in his/her rate of aging. For this, an alteration of gut microbiota, as occurs in a dysbiosis, and the associated gut barrier deterioration and the inflammatory state, affecting the function of immune, endocrine and nervous systems, in gut and in all the locations, is in the base of a great number of pathologies as those that involve alterations in the brain functions. There is an age-related deterioration of microbiota and the homeostatic systems due to oxi-inflamm-aging, and thus the risk of aging associated pathologies such as the neurodegenerative illness. Currently, this microbiota-gut-brain axis has been considered to have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and represents an important target in the prevention and slowdown of the development of this pathology. In this context, the use of probiotics seems to be a promising help.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid. Institute of Investigation of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Xu X, Wang K, Cao X, Li Z, Zhou Y, Ren J, Liu F. Gut Microbial Metabolite Short-Chain Fatt Acids Partially Reverse Surgery and Anesthesia-Induced Behavior Deficits in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:664641. [PMID: 34168535 PMCID: PMC8217457 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.664641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that damages of gut microbiota are strongly associated with central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). The present study investigated the role of gut microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in surgery-induced cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Adult male C57BL/6J mice received either SCFA mixture or saline orally for 4 weeks, and then partial hepatectomy was performed. The fecal supernatant of surgical mice was transplanted to normal mice for 3 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) and open-field tests were used to evaluate behavioral performance on postoperative or post-transplantation days 3 and 7. In the MWM test, pretreatment with exogenous SCFAs partially reversed surgery-induced impairments in crossing times and the time spent in the target quadrant on postoperative day 3 (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). In the open-field test, compared with the surgical mice, exogenous SCFA administration prior to surgery partially improved the locomotor activity (p < 0.05) and anxiety-like behavior (p < 0.05) on postoperative day 3. Surgical trauma and anesthesia enhanced ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression (p < 0.001), increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001), and inhibited SCFA production (p < 0.001) on postoperative day 3. The expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also decreased (p < 0.001). Overall, surgical trauma and anesthesia exacerbated cognitive impairment, enhanced neuroinflammatory responses, and inhibited SCFA production. Pretreatment with SCFAs attenuated these effects partially by reversing microglial overactivation, inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses, and enhancing BDNF expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuezhao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiancong Ren
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Khan A, Paneni F, Jandeleit-Dahm K. Cell-specific epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1165-1187. [PMID: 33988232 PMCID: PMC8314213 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium arteries that can lead to life-threatening cerebrovascular and cardiovascular consequences such as heart failure and stroke and is a major contributor to cardiovascular-related mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis development is a complex process that involves specific structural, functional and transcriptional changes in different vascular cell populations at different stages of the disease. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has discovered not only disease-related cell-specific transcriptomic profiles but also novel subpopulations of cells once thought as homogenous cell populations. Vascular cells undergo specific transcriptional changes during the entire course of the disease. Epigenetics is the instruction-set-architecture in living cells that defines and maintains the cellular identity by regulating the cellular transcriptome. Although different cells contain the same genetic material, they have different epigenomic signatures. The epigenome is plastic, dynamic and highly responsive to environmental stimuli. Modifications to the epigenome are driven by an array of epigenetic enzymes generally referred to as writers, erasers and readers that define cellular fate and destiny. The reversibility of these modifications raises hope for finding novel therapeutic targets for modifiable pathological conditions including atherosclerosis where the involvement of epigenetics is increasingly appreciated. This article provides a critical review of the up-to-date research in the field of epigenetics mainly focusing on in vivo settings in the context of the cellular role of individual vascular cell types in the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Yang M, Yang Y, He Q, Zhu P, Liu M, Xu J, Zhao M. Intestinal Microbiota-A Promising Target for Antiviral Therapy? Front Immunol 2021; 12:676232. [PMID: 34054866 PMCID: PMC8149780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is thought to be an important biological barrier against enteric pathogens. Its depletion, however, also has curative effects against some viral infections, suggesting that different components of the intestinal microbiota can play both promoting and inhibitory roles depending on the type of viral infection. The two primary mechanisms by which the microbiota facilitates or inhibits viral invasion involve participation in the innate and adaptive immune responses and direct or indirect interaction with the virus, during which the abundance and composition of the intestinal microbiota might be changed by the virus. Oral administration of probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and antibiotics are major therapeutic strategies for regulating intestinal microbiota balance. However, these three methods have shown limited curative effects in clinical trials. Therefore, the intestinal microbiota might represent a new and promising supplementary antiviral therapeutic target, and more efficient and safer methods for regulating the microbiota require deeper investigation. This review summarizes the latest research on the relationship among the intestinal microbiota, anti-viral immunity and viruses and the most commonly used methods for regulating the intestinal microbiota with the goal of providing new insight into the antiviral effects of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Straß S, Schwamborn A, Keppler M, Cloos N, Guezguez J, Guse JH, Burnet M, Laufer S. Synthesis, Characterization, and in vivo Distribution of Intracellular Delivered Macrolide Short-Chain Fatty Acid Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2254-2269. [PMID: 33787081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have a range of effects in metabolism and immune regulation. We have observed that delivery of SCFAs to lysosomes has potent immune regulatory effects, possibly as a surrogate signal for the presence of anaerobic organisms. To better understand the pharmacology of lysosomal SCFA donors, we investigated the distribution and metabolism of propionate and butyrate donors. Each analog (1 a and 2 a) can donate three SCFA equivalents via ester hydrolysis through six intermediate metabolites. The compounds are stabilized by low pH, and stability in cells is usually higher than in medium, but is cell-type specific. Butyrate derivatives were found to be more stable than propionates. Tri-esters were more stable than di- or mono-esters. The donors were surprisingly stable in vivo, and hydrolysis of each position was organ specific. Jejunum and liver caused rapid loss of 4'' esters. The gut metabolite pattern by i. v. differed from that of p.o. application, suggesting luminal and apical enzyme effects in the gut epithelium. Central organs could de-esterify the 11-position. Levels in lung relative to other organs were higher by p.o. than via i. v., suggesting that delivery route can influence the observed pharmacology and that gut metabolites distribute differently. The donors were largely eliminated by 24 h, following near linear decline in organs. The observed levels and distribution were found to be consistent with pharmacodynamic effects, particularly in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Straß
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Schwamborn
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Keppler
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natascha Cloos
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jamil Guezguez
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Burnet
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Benmeziane-Derradji F. Evaluation of camel milk: gross composition-a scientific overview. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:308. [PMID: 33961132 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several works have been dedicated to the study of the composition of camel milk around the world. In this review, camel milk basic nutrients (protein, fat, lactose, minerals, and vitamin) have been reviewed. Many researchers stated that camel milk has several therapeutic properties due to its particular composition, especially its low cholesterol content and high content of vitamin C. It contains higher percentage of total salts, calcium, protective proteins, and some of the oligoelements, such as iron, copper, and zinc. This extraordinary and unique composition of camel milk makes it an excellent food for populations who live in regions (arid and semi-arid) where plants (fruits and vegetable) are uncommon. This scientific insight into the gross composition of camel milk could encourage consumers to incorporate this food into their diet and encourages dairy industry operators to consider the possible transformation of camel milk and its use as an ingredient in food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida Benmeziane-Derradji
- Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Chadli Bendjedid University of El-Tarf, PB 73, 36000, El Tarf, Algeria. .,Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biophysics, Biochemistry and Scientometry, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Bejaia University, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Binvignat M, Sokol H, Mariotti-Ferrandiz E, Berenbaum F, Sellam J. Osteoarthritis and gut microbiome. Joint Bone Spine 2021; 88:105203. [PMID: 33962035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Binvignat
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Inserm UMRS_938, FHU PaCeMM, 184, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Gastroenterology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Inserm UMRS_938, FHU PaCeMM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Encarnita Mariotti-Ferrandiz
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Immunology-Immunopathology- Immunotherapy- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm URMS_959, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Inserm UMRS_938, FHU PaCeMM, 184, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Sellam
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Inserm UMRS_938, FHU PaCeMM, 184, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Vignesh R, Velu V, Sureban SM. Could Nutraceutical Approaches Possibly Attenuate the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:667733. [PMID: 33968808 PMCID: PMC8102864 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.667733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Vignesh
- Preclinical Department, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL RCMP), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sripathi M. Sureban
- Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Section, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Li XC, Wu BS, Jiang Y, Li J, Wang ZF, Ma C, Li YR, Yao J, Jin XQ, Li ZQ. Temozolomide-Induced Changes in Gut Microbial Composition in a Mouse Model of Brain Glioma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1641-1652. [PMID: 33907383 PMCID: PMC8071088 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s298261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is associated with the progression of brain tumors. However, the alterations in gut microbiota observed during glioma growth and temozolomide (TMZ) therapy remain poorly understood. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were implanted with GL261 glioma cells. TMZ/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCC) was administered through gavage for five consecutive days (from 8 to 12 days after implantation). Fecal samples were collected before (T0) and on days 7 (T1), 14 (T2), and 28 (T3) after implantation. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing followed by absolute and relative quantitation analyses. Results Nineteen genera were altered during glioma progression with the most dramatic changes in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. During glioma growth, Lactobacillus abundance decreased in the early stage (T1) and then gradually increased (T2, T3); Intestinimonas abundance exhibited a persistent increase; Anaerotruncus showed a transient increase (T2) and then a subsequent decrease (T3). Similar longitudinal changes in Intestinimonas and Anaerotruncus abundance were observed in TMZ-treated mice, but the decrease of Anaerotruncus at T3 in the TMZ-treated group was less than that in the vehicle-treated group. No significant change in Lactobacillus was observed after TMZ treatment. Additionally, compared to vehicle control, TMZ treatment led to an enrichment in Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium. Conclusion Glioma development and progression altered the composition of gut microbiota. Induction of Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium as well as the prevention of the reduction in Anaerotruncus may contribute to the anti-tumor effect of TMZ. This study helps to reveal the association between levels of specific microbial species in the gut and the anti-tumor effect of TMZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Second Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Second Clinical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Jin
- Emergency Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Jahan D, Peile E, Sheikh MA, Islam S, Parasnath S, Sharma P, Iskandar K, Dhingra S, Charan J, Hardcastle TC, Samad N, Chowdhury TS, Dutta S, Haque M. Is it time to reconsider prophylactic antimicrobial use for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation? a narrative review of antimicrobials in stem cell transplantation. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1259-1280. [PMID: 33711240 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1902304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving procedure for multiple types of hematological cancer, autoimmune diseases, and genetic-linked metabolic diseases in humans. Recipients of HSCT transplant are at high risk of microbial infections that significantly correlate with the presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and the degree of immunosuppression. Infection in HSCT patients is a leading cause of life-threatening complications and mortality. AREAS COVERED This review covers issues pertinent to infection in the HSCT patient, including bacterial and viral infection; strategies to reduce GVHD; infection patterns; resistance and treatment options; adverse drug reactions to antimicrobials, problems of antimicrobial resistance; perturbation of the microbiome; the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and antimicrobial peptides. We highlight potential strategies to minimize the use of antimicrobials. EXPERT OPINION Measures to control infection and its transmission remain significant HSCT management policy and planning issues. Transplant centers need to consider carefully prophylactic use of antimicrobials for neutropenic patients. The judicious use of appropriate antimicrobials remains a crucial part of the treatment protocol. However, antimicrobials' adverse effects cause microbiome diversity and dysbiosis and have been shown to increase morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, 111/1/A Distillery Road, Gandaria Beside Dhupkhola, Dhaka 1204, Bangladesh
| | - Ed Peile
- Department of Medical Education, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sharlene Parasnath
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, 800 Vusi Mzimela Road, Cato Manor, Durban, South Africa
| | - Paras Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, BVM College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, India
| | - Katia Iskandar
- Lebanese University, School of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institute National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Universite Paul Sabatier UT3, INSERM, UMR1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Timothy Craig Hardcastle
- Trauma Service, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Mayville, South Africa.,Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, UKZN, South Africa
| | - Nandeeta Samad
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Kasprzak-Drozd K, Oniszczuk T, Stasiak M, Oniszczuk A. Beneficial Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3715. [PMID: 33918284 PMCID: PMC8038165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains an intricate community of microorganisms, referred to as the gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, medicines and environmental factors, particularly diet. Growing evidence supports the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extraintestinal metabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in preventing metabolic diseases have been subjected to intense investigation over the last twenty years. As our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota advances and our knowledge of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of polyphenols accumulates, there emerges a need to examine the prebiotic role of dietary polyphenols. This review firstly overviews the importance of the GM in health and disease and then reviews the role of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and how they impact on host health benefits. Inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites and the vital balance between the two in maintaining the host gut homeostasis are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Stasiak
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Murakami R, Hashikura N, Yoshida K, Xiao JZ, Odamaki T. Growth-promoting effect of alginate on Faecalibacterium prausnitzii through cross-feeding with Bacteroides. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110326. [PMID: 34053530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a commensal gut bacterium that is thought to provide protection against inflammatory diseases. However, this bacterium is extremely oxygen sensitive, which limits its industrial application as a probiotic. The use of prebiotics to increase the abundance of this bacterium in the gut is an alternative strategy to achieve its possible health-promoting effect. We evaluated nine substances as candidate prebiotics for F. prausnitzii using a pH-controlled single-batch fermenter as a human gut microbiota model. Of them, alginate markedly increased the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii, as determined by the significant increase in the number of 16S rRNA sequences corresponding to this bacterial taxon in the fecal fermentation samples detected by real-time PCR. However, F. prausnitzii strains were incapable of utilizing alginate in monoculture, implying that an interaction with another gut microbe was required. There was a positive correlation between the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii and that of Bacteroides when cultured in medium containing alginate as the sole carbon source, indicative of cross-feeding between these bacteria. Interestingly, the ratio of acetic acid, a known substrate for F. prausnitzii, produced by Bacteroides was significantly higher in the alginate-containing medium than in media containing other prebiotic candidates. Bacterially degraded alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) remained in the medium after Bacteroides monoculture, and an isolate of F. prausnitzii was able to utilize a portion of them. Genomic sequencing revealed that the strain that consumed the AOS contained an ATP-binding cassette transporter, an alginate lyase, and AlgQ1/2 homologs encoding solute-binding proteins. Furthermore, in real-time PCR analyses, AlgQ1/2 homologs were detected in fecal samples collected from 309 of 452 (68.4%) Japanese subjects. Thus, the products of alginate assimilation by Bacteroides may promote the growth of F. prausnitzii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Murakami
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Nanami Hashikura
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Sun Y, Wu D, Zeng W, Chen Y, Guo M, Lu B, Li H, Sun C, Yang L, Jiang X, Gao Q. The Role of Intestinal Dysbacteriosis Induced Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Disorder in Inflammaging in Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:618265. [PMID: 33816331 PMCID: PMC8012722 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.618265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging induced chronic systemic inflammatory response is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS) development; however, the detailed mechanism is yet to be elucidated. Objective To explore the underlying mechanism of how aging aggravates AS advancement. Methods A young (five-week-old, YM) and aged group (32-week-old, OM) male apoE-/- mice with a high fat diet were used as models, and age-matched male wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) mice were used as controls. AS lesion size, serum lipid profile, cytokines, and gut microbiota-derived LPS were analyzed after 32 weeks of diet intervention. A correlation analysis between the 16S rRNA sequencing of the feces and serum metabolomics profiles was applied to examine the effect of their interactions on AS. Results ApoE-/- mice developed severe atherosclerosis and inflammation in the aorta compared to the WT groups, and aged apoE-/- mice suffered from a more severe AS lesion than their younger counterparts and had low-grade systemic inflammation. Furthermore, increased levels of serum LPS, decreased levels of SCFAs production, as well as dysfunction of the ileal mucosal barrier were detected in aged mice compared with their younger counterparts. There were significant differences in the intestinal flora composition among the four groups, and harmful bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae_FCS020, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, Acetatifactor, Lachnoclostridium and Lactobacillus_gasseri were significantly increased in the aged apoE-/- mice compared with the other groups. Concurrently, metabolomics profiling revealed that components involved in the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway such as 20-HETE, PGF2α, arachidonic acid, and LTB4 were significantly higher in the aged AS group than in the other groups. This suggested that metabolic abnormalities and disorders of intestinal flora occurred in AS mice. Conclusions Aging not only altered the gut microbiome community but also substantially disturbed metabolic conditions. Our results confirm that AA metabolism is associated with the imbalance of the intestinal flora in the AS lesions of aged mice. These findings may offer new insights regarding the role of gut flora disorders and its consequent metabolite changed in inflammaging during AS development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Sun
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Danbin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yefei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun Sun
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Gasaly N, Hermoso MA, Gotteland M. Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063061. [PMID: 33802759 PMCID: PMC8002420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes current evidence supporting butyrate impact in the homeostatic regulation of the digestive ecosystem in health and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Butyrate is mainly produced by bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum. It stimulates mature colonocytes and inhibits undifferentiated malignant and stem cells. Butyrate oxidation in mature colonocytes (1) produces 70–80% of their energetic requirements, (2) prevents stem cell inhibition by limiting butyrate access to crypts, and (3) consumes oxygen, generating hypoxia and maintaining luminal anaerobiosis favorable to the microbiota. Butyrate stimulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the GPR41 and GPR109A receptors, and inhibits HDAC in different cell types, thus stabilizing the gut barrier function and decreasing inflammatory processes. However, some studies indicate contrary effects according to butyrate concentrations. IBD patients exhibit a lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate content. Additionally, colonocyte butyrate oxidation is depressed in these subjects, lowering luminal anaerobiosis and facilitating the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae that contribute to inflammation. Accordingly, gut dysbiosis and decreased barrier function in IBD seems to be secondary to the impaired mitochondrial disturbance in colonic epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-989-059-222
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Yuan T, Qian H, Yu X, Meng J, Lai CT, Jiang H, Zhao JN, Bao NR. Proteomic analysis reveals rotator cuff injury caused by oxidative stress. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622320987057. [PMID: 33796243 PMCID: PMC7975570 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320987057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Rotator cuff tendinopathy is common and is related to pain and dysfunction.
However, the pathological mechanism of rotator cuff injury and shoulder pain
is unclear. Objective: to investigate the pathological mechanism of rotator
cuff injury and shoulder pain, and screen out the marker proteins related to
rotator cuff injury by proteomics. Methods: Subacromial synovium specimens were collected from patients undergoing
shoulder arthroscopic surgery. The experimental group were patients with
rotator cuff repair surgery, and the control group were patients with
habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint. Pathological examination was
performed, and then followed by non-labeled quantitative proteomic
detection. Finally, from analysis of the biological information of the
samples, specific proteins related to rotator cuff injury and shoulder pain
were deduced by functional analysis of differential proteins. Results: All the patients in experimental groups were representative. A large number
of adipocytes and inflammatory cells were found in the pathological sections
of the experimental group; the proteomics analysis screen identified 80
proteins with significant differences, and the analysis of protein function
revealed that S100A11 (p = 0.011), PLIN4
(p = 0.017), HYOU1 (p = 0.002) and
CLIC1 (p = 0.007) were closely related to oxidative stress
and chronic inflammation. Conclusion: Rotator cuff injury is closely related to oxidative stress and chronic
inflammatory response, and the results suggest that the expression of
S100A11, PLIN4, HYOU1 and CLIC1 in the synovium of rotator cuff injury
provides a new marker for the study of its pathological mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Teng Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ni-Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Lorente-Picón M, Laguna A. New Avenues for Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics: Disease-Modifying Strategies Based on the Gut Microbiota. Biomolecules 2021; 11:433. [PMID: 33804226 PMCID: PMC7998286 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects 1% of the population over the age of 60 years, and for which no disease-modifying treatments exist. Neurodegeneration and neuropathology in different brain areas are manifested as both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients. Recent interest in the gut-brain axis has led to increasing research into the gut microbiota changes in PD patients and their impact on disease pathophysiology. As evidence is piling up on the effects of gut microbiota in disease development and progression, another front of action has opened up in relation to the potential usage of microbiota-based therapeutic strategies in treating gastrointestinal alterations and possibly also motor symptoms in PD. This review provides status on the different strategies that are in the front line (i.e., antibiotics; probiotics; prebiotics; synbiotics; dietary interventions; fecal microbiota transplantation, live biotherapeutic products), and discusses the opportunities and challenges the field of microbiome research in PD is facing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lorente-Picón
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Laguna
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2021; 2021:6655380. [PMID: 33777139 PMCID: PMC7979298 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic infection of the respiratory system caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) was found in many parts of the COVID-19 patients including the stool, suggesting a potential interaction with the host's gut microbiome. The gut microbiome also plays major roles in immunity and inflammation. It also impacts pulmonary functions through the gut-lung axis. There have been recent reports of the importance of the host microbiome in infection and pathogenicity. The understanding of the gut and lung microbiomes would open the gate to new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
248
|
Rauf A, Khalil AA, Rahman UU, Khalid A, Naz S, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Urtecho EZ, de Albuquerque RDDG, Anwar S, Alamri A, Saini RK, Rengasamy KRR. Recent advances in the therapeutic application of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6034-6054. [PMID: 33703960 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important frontier in understanding the human body's homeostasis and the development of diseases. Gut flora in human beings regulates various metabolic functionalities, including enzymes, amino acid synthesis, bio-transformation of bile acid, fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs), generation of indoles and polyamines (PAs), and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Among all the metabolites produced by gut microbiota, SCFAs, the final product of fermentation of dietary fibers by gut microbiota, receive lots of attention from scientists due to their pharmacological and physiological characteristics. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of SCFAs in the interaction between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism is still needed in-depth research. This review highlights the recent biotechnological advances in applying SCFAs as important metabolites to treat various diseases and maintain colonic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ubaid-Ur- Rahman
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahood Khalid
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Naz
- Deaprtment of Biotechnology, Woman University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian
| | | | | | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | | | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, North West Province, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Effects of persistent modulation of intestinal microbiota on SIV/HIV vaccination in rhesus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:34. [PMID: 33707443 PMCID: PMC7952719 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine to prevent HIV transmission has not yet been achieved. Modulation of the microbiome via probiotic therapy has been suggested to result in enhanced mucosal immunity. Here, we evaluated whether probiotic therapy could improve the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SIV/HIV vaccination. Rhesus macaques were co-immunized with an SIV/HIV DNA vaccine via particle-mediated epidermal delivery and an HIV protein vaccine administered intramuscularly with Adjuplex™ adjuvant, while receiving daily oral Visbiome® probiotics. Probiotic therapy alone led to reduced frequencies of colonic CCR5+ and CCR6+ CD4+ T cells. Probiotics with SIV/HIV vaccination led to similar reductions in colonic CCR5+ CD4+ T cell frequencies. SIV/HIV-specific T cell and antibody responses were readily detected in the periphery of vaccinated animals but were not enhanced with probiotic treatment. Combination probiotics and vaccination did not impact rectal SIV/HIV target populations or reduce the rate of heterologous SHIV acquisition during the intrarectal challenge. Finally, post-infection viral kinetics were similar between all groups. Thus, although probiotics were well-tolerated when administered with SIV/HIV vaccination, vaccine-specific responses were not significantly enhanced. Additional work will be necessary to develop more effective strategies of microbiome modulation in order to enhance mucosal vaccine immunogenicity and improve protective immune responses.
Collapse
|
250
|
IL-33 Is Involved in the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Butyrate and Propionate on TNFα-Activated Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052447. [PMID: 33671042 PMCID: PMC7957702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate and propionate) are able to diminish endothelial cell activation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intracellular IL-33 mediates the effects of butyrate and propionate on TNFα-induced IL-8 production and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. In addition, it was investigated whether regulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways are involved. Intracellular IL-33 was measured in human endothelial cells (HUVECs) pre-incubated for 24 h with butyrate (0.1 mM or 5 mM), propionate (0.3 mM or 10 mM), or trichostatin A (TSA, 0.5 μM) prior to TNFα (1 ng/mL) stimulation (24 h). The effects of butyrate, propionate, and TSA on TNFα-induced IL-8, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways in normal HUVECs and IL-33 siRNA (siIL-33)-transfected HUVECs were compared to study the role of IL-33 in the protective effects of butyrate and propionate. Endogenous IL-33 was highly expressed in the perinuclear in HUVECs, which was significantly reduced by TNFα stimulation. The TNFα-induced reduction in IL-33 was prevented by pre-incubation with butyrate or propionate. Butyrate (0.1 mM), propionate (0.3 mM), and TSA inhibited the IL-8 production and activation of NF-κB. Interestingly, this effect was not observed in siIL-33-transfected HUVECs. The effects of butyrate (5 mM), propionate (10 mM), and TSA (0.5 μM) on VCAM-1 expression and activation of MAPK signaling pathways were not affected by siIL-33 transfection. In conclusion, we showed that the inhibitory effects of butyrate and propionate on TNFα-induced IL-8 production were mediated by the HDACs/IL-33/NF-κB pathway, while their effects on VCAM-1 expression might be associated with the HDACs/MAPK signaling pathway, independently of IL-33.
Collapse
|