201
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Bagherniya M, Khedmatgozar H, Fakheran O, Xu S, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural products as inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4804-4833. [PMID: 33856730 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that induces caspase-1 activation and the downstream substrates involved with the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a wide range of danger signals that derive from metabolic dysregulation. Activation of this complex often involves the adaptor ASC and upstream sensors including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, and pyrin, which are activated by different stimuli including infectious agents and changes in cell homeostasis. It has been shown that nutraceuticals and medicinal plants have antiinflammatory properties and could be used as complementary therapy in the treatment of several chronic diseases that are related to inflammation, for example, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Herb-based medicine has demonstrated protective effects against NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the possible mechanisms of action of these natural products. Thus, herb-based, natural products/compounds can be considered novel, practical, and accessible agents in chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Khedmatgozar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Fakheran
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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202
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Gastroprotective Effects of Polyphenols against Various Gastro-Intestinal Disorders: A Mini-Review with Special Focus on Clinical Evidence. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072090. [PMID: 33917379 PMCID: PMC8038706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are classified as an organic chemical with phenolic units that display an array of biological functions. However, polyphenols have very low bioavailability and stability, which make polyphenols a less bioactive compound. Many researchers have indicated that several factors might affect the efficiency and the metabolism (biotransformation) of various polyphenols, which include the gut microbiota, structure, and physical properties as well as its interactions with other dietary nutrients (macromolecules). Hence, this mini-review covers the two-way interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota (interplay) and how polyphenols are metabolized (biotransformation) to produce various polyphenolic metabolites. Moreover, the protective effects of numerous polyphenols and their metabolites against various gastrointestinal disorders/diseases including gastritis, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) like celiac disease (CED) are discussed. For this review, the authors chose only a few popular polyphenols (green tea polyphenol, curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin), and a discussion of their proposed mechanism underpinning the gastroprotection was elaborated with a special focus on clinical evidence. Overall, this contribution would help the general population and science community to identify a potent polyphenol with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, prebiotic, and immunomodulatory properties to combat various gut-related diseases or disorders (complementary therapy) along with modified lifestyle pattern and standard gastroprotective drugs. However, the data from clinical trials are much limited and hence many large-scale clinical trials should be performed (with different form/metabolites and dose) to confirm the gastroprotective activity of the above-mentioned polyphenols and their metabolites before recommendation.
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203
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Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Srivastava DS, Exadaktylos AK, Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Polyzos SA. Update on the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13737. [PMID: 32991019 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, Larisa, Greece
| | - David S Srivastava
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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204
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Teixeira LDL, Pilon G, Coutinho CP, Dudonné S, Dube P, Houde V, Desjardins Y, Lajolo FM, Marette A, Hassimotto NMA. Purple grumixama anthocyanins (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) attenuate obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:3680-3691. [PMID: 33900317 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03245j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Some polyphenols have been reported to modulate the expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism and insulin signaling, ameliorating metabolic disorders. We investigated the potential for the polyphenols of two varieties of grumixama, the purple fruit rich in anthocyanins and the yellow fruit, both also rich in ellagitannins, to attenuate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Mice were fed a high fat and high sucrose diet, supplemented daily with yellow and purple extracts (200 mg per kg of body weight) for eight weeks. Purple grumixama supplementation was found to decrease body weight gain, improve insulin sensitivity and glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia, and reduce hepatic triglyceride accumulation. A decrease in intrahepatic lipids in mice treated with the purple grumixama extract was associated with lipid metabolism modulation by the PPAR signaling pathway. LPL, ApoE, and LDLr were found to be down-regulated, while Acox1 and ApoB were found to be upregulated. Some of these genes were also modulated by the yellow extract. In addition, both extracts decreased oGTT and plasma LPS. The results were associated with the presence of phenolic acids and urolithins. In conclusion, most likely the anthocyanins from the purple grumixama phenolic extract is responsible for reducing obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane de L Teixeira
- Food Research Center-(FoRC-CEPID) and Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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205
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Dietary Polyphenols to Combat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut-Brain-Liver Axis: A Review of Possible Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3585-3600. [PMID: 33729777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of micronutrients widely existing in plant foods including fruits, vegetables, and teas that can improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, the existing knowledge of dietary polyphenols for the development of NAFLD regulated by intestinal microecology is discussed. Polyphenols can influence the vagal afferent pathway in the central and enteric nervous system to control NAFLD via gut-brain-liver cross-talk. The possible mechanisms involve in the alteration of microbial community structure, effects of gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), endogenous ethanol (EnEth)), and stimulation of gut-derived hormones (ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and leptin) based on the targets excavated from the gut-brain-liver axis. Consequently, the communication among the intestine, brain, and liver paves the way for new approaches to understand the underlying roles and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols in NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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206
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Beyaz Coşkun A, Sağdiçoğlu Celep AG. Therapeutic modulation methods of gut microbiota and gut-liver axis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6505-6515. [PMID: 33749411 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1902263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are considered global health problems that cause more than 1 million deaths each year. Due to the increase in the prevalence of liver diseases worldwide, studies on different treatment methods have increased. Some of these methods is diagnostic and therapeutic applications based on the examination of the intestinal and intestinal microbiota. In this study, research articles, systematic review and review in the literature were examined in order to determine gut-liver axis relationship and treatment methods for liver diseases with gut modulation methods. Studies related to the subject have been searched in Google Scholar and Pubmed databases. The keywords "liver disease" and "gut-liver axis" and "microbiota" and "gut modulation methods" or "probiotic" or "prebiotic" or "symbiotic" or "antibiotic" or "bile acid regulation" or "adsorbent" or "fecal microbiota transplantation" were used in the searches. Improvements have been achieved in biomarkers of liver diseases by providing intestinal modulation with probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic, antibiotic and adsorbents applications, bile acid regulation and fecal microbiota transplantation. In the results of experimental and clinical studies, it was seen that the therapeutic potential of the treatments performed by applying probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Beyaz Coşkun
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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207
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Palmas V, Pisanu S, Madau V, Casula E, Deledda A, Cusano R, Uva P, Vascellari S, Loviselli A, Manzin A, Velluzzi F. Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5532. [PMID: 33750881 PMCID: PMC7943584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Palmas
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Strada Statale 554- bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Pisanu
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Strada Statale 554- bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Veronica Madau
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Strada Statale 554- bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Casula
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Strada Statale 554- bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Cusano
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, Pula, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Uva
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, Pula, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sarah Vascellari
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Strada Statale 554- bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Strada Statale 554- bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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208
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Gut-liver axis modulation of Panax notoginseng saponins in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Int 2021; 15:350-365. [PMID: 33656663 PMCID: PMC8144126 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-related comorbidity, and it is characterized as a spectrum of liver abnormalities, including inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis. The gut-liver axis is implicated in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. A promising drug agent targeting the gut-liver axis is expected to reverse NAFLD. Methods We utilized high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and obesity-prone Lepob mice to examine the gut-liver regulation of the natural medicine Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) on NAFLD. Results PNS exhibited potent anti-lipogenesis and anti-fibrotic effects in NAFLD mice, that was associated with the TLR4-induced inflammatory signalling pathway in liver. More strikingly, PNS treatment caused a deceleration of gut-to-liver translocation of microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) products. PNS-induced TLR4 inhibition and restoration of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 proteins in the gut-liver axis contributed to the reverse of leaky gut, which in turn abolished by the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an agonist of TLR4. Specifically, hepatic steatosis in HFD-treated mice was attenuated by PNS through regulating AMPKα, but restored by the replenishment of LPS. Meanwhile, the anti-fibrotic effect of PNS was abolished by LPS stimulation via the overproduction of collagen I/IV and α-SMA. Conclusion PNS exerted hepatoprotection against NAFLD in both ob/ob and HFD-induced obese mice, primarily by mediating the gut-liver axis in a TLR4-dependent manner. Graphic abstract Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) ameliorated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and gut-liver axis-mediated pathogenesis of NAFLD is proposed to occur in a TLR4-dependent manner. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12072-021-10138-1.
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209
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Huang W, Kong D. The intestinal microbiota as a therapeutic target in the treatment of NAFLD and ALD. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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210
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Wen JJ, Li MZ, Gao H, Hu JL, Nie QX, Chen HH, Zhang YL, Xie MY, Nie SP. Polysaccharides from fermented Momordica charantia L. with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 ameliorate metabolic disorders and gut microbiota change in obese rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:2617-2630. [PMID: 33634806 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02600j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by overweight resulting from fat accumulation, along with disturbance of metabolism and gut microbiota. Fermentation, as a green processing method, is beneficial for improving the nutrition capacity of food components. Polysaccharides are considered as one of the important components in food and are also potential supplements for anti-obesity treatment. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides from fermented and non-fermented Momordica charantia L. with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 (FP and NFP) on obese rats by serum metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis. Metabolomics results revealed that abnormal lipid metabolism was formed due to obesity. The supplement of FP and NFP improved the glycerophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and amino acid metabolism of the obese rats, which alleviated the hypercholesterolemia and overweight in rats. Furthermore, the disorder of gut microbiota was ameliorated by FP and NFP. FP promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as phylum Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and genera Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. FP also reduced several harmful bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria and genera Helicobacter. The positive correlation of the weight loss and lowering of serum lipids with the increased beneficial bacteria further elucidated that the anti-obesity effect of FP in obese rats is associated with the regulation of gut microbiota and serum metabolites. The results of this study could provide information for developing probiotic products in the future that may have beneficial effects on the prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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211
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Mu HN, Zhou Q, Yang RY, Tang WQ, Li HX, Wang SM, Li J, Chen WX, Dong J. Caffeic acid prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet through gut microbiota modulation in mice. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110240. [PMID: 33992352 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is derived from many plants and may have the ability to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation. The gut microbiota produces lipopolysaccharides and further influences hepatic lipid metabolism, and thus plays an important role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether the beneficial effects of CA are associated with the gut microbiota remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the benefits of experimental treatment with CA on the gut microbiota and metabolic functions in a mouse model of NAFLD. In this study, C57BL/6J mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and were then fed a HFD supplemented with or without CA for another 8 weeks. HFD induced obesity and increased accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, serum biochemical parameters and gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Microbiota composition was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing, and analysis revealed that HFD led to dysbiosis, accompanied by endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation. CA reverted the imbalance in the gut microbiota and related lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation, thus inhibiting deregulation of lipid metabolism-related gene expression. Our results support the possibility that CA can be used as a therapeutic approach for obesity-associated NAFLD via its anti-inflammatory and prebiotic integrative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Na Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Rui-Yue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Wei-Qing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Si-Ming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Wen-Xiang Chen
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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Effects of Flaxseed and Multi-Carbohydrase Enzymes on the Cecal Microbiota and Liver Inflammation of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030600. [PMID: 33668845 PMCID: PMC7996337 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wheat and flaxseed are used worldwide to produce omega-3 (ω-3) enriched poultry meat and eggs, however, wheat and flaxseed contain some anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). In addition, the supplementation of feed additive including enzymes usually alleviate the deleterious influence of ANFs. Therefore, we conducted the current study of laying hens fed with two diets (corn/flaxseed and wheat/flaxseed, supplemented with three enzymes), for a period of 10 weeks. Here, we found a clear increase in the fat weight of birds fed with corn diet as compared with wheat diet. Moreover, a high level of secretory IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 and comparatively higher inflammatory changes in the liver tissue were found in birds fed with corn diet as compared with wheat diet. The gut microbial composition of hens fed with corn diet was clearly different than that of birds fed a wheat diet. In conclusion, our findings suggest that inflammatory changes in laying birds were mediated by a corn diet with flaxseed and enzymes instead of a wheat diet. Additionally, in the wheat-fed group, enzyme-b and -c showed more encouraging results as compared to enzyme-a indicating that wheat diet might be a preferable diet for commercial layers poultry farms. Abstract Background: The use of wheat and flaxseed to produce omega-3 (ω-3) enriched poultry meat and eggs is very popular in the world. However, wheat and flaxseed contain some anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), and enzymes are usually used to alleviate the deleterious influence of ANFs. Method: A 2 × 3 two factors design was used in the experiment. A total of 540 twenty-week-old Nongda-3 laying hens were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments, two diets (corn/flaxseed and wheat/flaxseed), and three enzymes (enzyme-a contains neutral protease 10,000, xylanase 35,000, β-mannanase 1500, β-glucanase 2000, cellulose 500, amylase 100, and pectinase 10,000 (U g−1); enzyme-b contains alkaline protease 40,000 and neutral protease 10,000 (U g−1); enzyme-c contains alkaline protease 40,000, neutral protease 10,000, and cellulase 4000 (U g−1). Results: There was an interaction between dietary treatment and supplemental enzymes for liver weight and liver inflammatory cytokines of broilers. A significant increase was observed in the fat weight of birds fed a corn diet as compared with a wheat diet. A corn diet and wheat diet with the addition of enzyme-a (p < 0.001) showed the highest level of liver fat followed by enzyme-c (p < 0.01) and enzyme-b. Moreover, a high level of secretory IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 and comparatively higher inflammatory changes in the liver tissue were found in birds fed a corn diet as compared with a wheat diet, and enzyme-b showed more beneficial effects as compared with enzyme-a and -c. The gut microbial composition of hens fed a corn diet was significantly different than that of birds fed a wheat diet. Bacteroides were significantly (p < 0.05) abundant in the corn-fed birds as compared with wheat-fed birds. However, Firmicutes were less abundant in the wheat-fed birds than the corn-fed birds (16.99 vs. 31.80%, respectively). The microbial community at the genus level differed significantly in the dietary groups and we observed that Bacteroides are the predominant cecal microbiota. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of co-factors, carbohydrates, vitamins, protein, and energy were expressed at slightly higher levels in the microbiota of the wheat-fed birds, whereas, metabolic pathways for nucleotides, lipids, and glycine were expressed at higher levels in the wheat-fed birds. Furthermore, expression of the growth and cellular processes pathway and endocrine system pathway levels were predicted to be higher for the wheat-fed group as compared with the corn-fed group. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings suggest that inflammatory changes in laying birds were mediated by a corn diet with flaxseed and enzymes instead of a wheat diet. Additionally, in the wheat-fed group, enzyme-b and -c showed more encouraging results as compared to enzyme-a.
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Zhou H, Ma C, Wang C, Gong L, Zhang Y, Li Y. Research progress in use of traditional Chinese medicine monomer for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173976. [PMID: 33639194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and the change of eating habits, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. However, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, it is urgent to find safe, efficient, and economical anti-NAFLD drugs. Compared with western medicines that possess fast lipid-lowering effect, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have attracted increasing attention for the treatment of NAFLD due to their unique advantages such as multi-targets and multi-channel mechanisms of action. TCM monomers have been proved to treat NAFLD through regulating various pathways, including inflammation, lipid production, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and intestinal microbiota. In particular, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), nuclear transcription factor kappa (NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p53 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are considered as important molecular targets for ameliorating NAFLD by TCM monomers. Therefore, by searching PubMed, Web of Science and SciFinder databases, this paper updates and summarizes the experimental and clinical evidence of TCM monomers for the treatment of NAFLD in the past six years (2015-2020), thus providing thoughts and prospects for further exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and TCM monomer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Zhao T, Wang Z, Liu Z, Xu Y. Pivotal Role of the Interaction Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota on Disease Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:336-346. [PMID: 32208116 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200324151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the recognition of the important role of gut microbiota in both health and disease progression, attempts to modulate its composition, as well as its co-metabolism with the organism, have attracted special attention. Abundant studies have demonstrated that dysfunction or imbalance of gut microbiota is closely related to disease progression, including endocrine diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Herbal medicines have been applied to prevent and treat diseases worldwide for hundreds of years. Although the underlying mechanism seems to be complex, one of the important ones is through modulating gut microbiota. In this review, co-metabolism between herbal medicines and microbiota, as well as the potential pathways are summarized from most recent published papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
| | - Zhe Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
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Maalouly G, Hajal J, Noujeim C, Choueiry M, Nassereddine H, Smayra V, Saliba Y, Fares N. New insights in gut-liver axis in wild-type murine imiquimod-induced lupus. Lupus 2021; 30:926-936. [PMID: 33596715 DOI: 10.1177/0961203321995254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal and hepatic manifestations of lupus seem to be underestimated in comparison to other major organ lesions. Although recent data point to gut-liver axis involvement in lupus, gut permeability dysfunction and liver inflammation need to be more investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess fecal calprotectin, intestinal tight junction proteins and liver inflammation pathway in wild-type murine imiquimod- induced lupus. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were topically treated on their right ears with 1.25 mg of 5% imiquimod cream, three times per week for six weeks. Fecal calprotectin was collected at day 0, 22 and 45. Renal, liver and intestinal pathology, as well as inflammatory markers, intestinal tight junction proteins, and E. coli protein in liver were assessed at sacrifice. RESULTS At six weeks, lupus nephritis was confirmed on histopathology and NGAL and KIM-1 expression. Calprotectin rise started at day 22 and persists at day 45. Protein expression of Claudine, ZO-1 and occludin was significantly decreased. E. coli protein was significantly increased in liver with necro-inflammation and increased TLR4, TLR7, and pNFκB/NFκB liver expression. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate early fecal calprotectin increase and liver activation of TLR4- NFκB pathway in wild-type murine imiquimod-induced lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Maalouly
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Noujeim
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel Choueiry
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Nassereddine
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Smayra
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nassim Fares
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Li A, Wang N, Li N, Li B, Yan F, Song Y, Hou J, Huo G. Modulation effect of chenpi extract on gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13541. [PMID: 33570789 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study employed high-fat diet (HFD) induced murine model to assess the relationship between the lipid-lowering effect of aged citrus peel (chenpi) extract and the alterations of gut microbiota. The results showed that intake of chenpi extract for 12 week dose-dependently suppressed HFD-induced body weight, food intake, Lee's index, together with decreased the level of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, chenpi extract administration up-regulated the abundance and diversity of fecal microbiota and down-regulated the ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes, which was characterized by the lower family of Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae, and higher family of Bacteroidales_S24-7, Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Consistently, at the genus levels, chenpi extract treatment reversed the expansions of Helicobacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Desulfovibrio, while increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Alistipes (belonging to Rikenellaceae family), Anaerotruncus and Odoribacter (belonging to Ruminococcaceae family), which were significantly negatively correlated with the levels of the serum lipid parameters. In conclusion, our findings indicated that anti-obesity ability of chenpi extract might be related to the improvement of gut microbiota imbalance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: With the improvement of living standards, the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes has increased significantly, and it has become a public health problem that seriously affects the health of the people. Chenpi contains a large amount of active ingredients, flavonoids, and other compounds, which can promote the absorption of the digestive system and have good effects on diseases such as the cardiovascular system. Our previous study has confirmed that the chenpi extract effectively regulated the glucose and lipid metabolism disorder induced by high-fat diet. However, it is not clear whether the effect is closely related to the improvement of gut microbiota. Accordingly, our result would provide a theoretical basis for future research on the relationship between obesity, chenpi extract, and gut microbiota, and support additional understanding of its potential anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fenfen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Song
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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New insight and potential therapy for NAFLD: CYP2E1 and flavonoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111326. [PMID: 33556870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased year by year; however, due to its complicated pathogenesis, there is no effective treatment so far. It is reported that Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays an indispensable role in the development of NAFLD, and numerous studies have shown that flavonoids have a hepatoprotective effect and can exert a beneficial effect on NAFLD by regulating the activity of CYP2E1. Therefore, flavonoids may become effective drugs for the treatment of NAFLD in the future. This prompted us to review the research progress of the pathological mechanism of NAFLD and the impact of CYP2E1 activity changes during the pathological process, and to summarize the protective effect of flavonoids against CYP2E1 activity.
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Yin J, Peng X, Lin J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Gao H, Tian X, Zhang R, Zhao G. Quercetin amelioratesAspergillus fumigatuskeratitis by inhibiting fungal growth, toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107435. [PMID: 33550031 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis. METHODS Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and C57BL/6 mice were stimulated by A. fumigatus and treated with quercetin or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) after infection. In HCECs, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and cytotoxicity tests (CCK-8) were used to detect the antifungal effect and cytotoxicity of quercetin. In mice with A. fumigatuskeratitis, clinical score, plate counting and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were performed to evaluate the effects of quercetin in vivo. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay and immunofluorescence staining were applied to assess neutrophil recruitment and infiltration. Real time PCR (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory mediators. RESULTS Compared with DMSO control, quercetin (16-64 μM) significantly inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting cell viability in HCECs. In corneas of mice with A. fumigatuskeratitis, quercetin decreased clinical score and fungal load, and reduced neutrophil recruitment and infiltration to the corneal stroma. Moreover, quercetin attenuated the expression of inflammatory mediators including toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), TLR-2, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that quercetin treatment can ameliorate A. fumigatus keratitis by inhibiting the growth of A. fumigatus, decreasing neutrophil recruitment and infiltration, and downregulating the productions of TLR-4, TLR-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1, indicating quercetin is likely to become a potential therapeutic agent in FK treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, NO. 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266042, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
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Moorthy M, Sundralingam U, Palanisamy UD. Polyphenols as Prebiotics in the Management of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020299. [PMID: 33540692 PMCID: PMC7913110 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease growing at an alarming rate and numerous preclinical studies have proven the role of polyphenols in managing this disease. This systematic review explores the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in the management of obesity among animals fed on a high-fat diet. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-four studies reported a significant reduction in obesity-related parameters. Most notably, 83% of the studies showed a decrease in either body weight/visceral adiposity/plasma triacylglyceride. Furthermore, 42 studies reported a significant improvement in gut microbiota (GM), significantly affecting the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Blautia, Roseburia, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Desulfovibrio. Polyphenols’ anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties were associated with their ability to modulate GM. This review supports the notion of polyphenols as effective prebiotics in ameliorating HFD-induced metabolic derangements in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanambal Moorthy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usha Sundralingam
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Uma D. Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-5514-5840 or +6012-38-09-092
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Li X, Yang L, Xu M, Qiao G, Li C, Lin L, Zheng G. Smilax china L. polyphenols alleviates obesity and inflammation by modulating gut microbiota in high fat/high sucrose diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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221
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Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Anti-inflammatory potential of Quercetin in COVID-19 treatment. J Inflamm (Lond) 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 33509217 PMCID: PMC7840793 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus causing severe inflammatory pneumonia, so that excessive inflammation is considered a risk factor for the disease. According to reports, cytokine storm is strongly responsible for death in such patients. Some of the consequences of severe inflammation and cytokine storms include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Phylogenetic findings show more similarity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with bat coronaviruses, and less with SARS-CoV. Quercetin is a carbohydrate-free flavonoid that is the most abundant flavonoid in vegetables and fruits and has been the most studied to determine the biological effects of flavonoids. Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes assembling in response to cytosolic PAMP and DAMPs, whose function is to generate active forms of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Activation or inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is affected by regulators such as TXNIP, SIRT1 and NRF2. Quercetin suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome by affecting these regulators. Quercetin, as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and inflammatory compound, is probably a potential treatment for severe inflammation and one of the main life-threatening conditions in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeedi-Boroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical, Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
- ImmunologyToday, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Xie X, Zhang L, Yuan S, Li H, Zheng C, Xie S, Sun Y, Zhang C, Wang R, Jin Y. Val-Val-Tyr-Pro protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and gut-liver axis activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1439-1455. [PMID: 33400402 PMCID: PMC7875918 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Val‐Val‐Tyr‐Pro (VVYP) peptide is one of the main active components of Globin digest (GD). Our previous studies indicated that VVYP could protect against acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute liver failure in mice and decrease blood lipid level. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of VVYP in the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have not been discovered. Our present study was designed to investigate the preventive effect of VVYP on NASH and its underlying specific mechanisms. We found that VVYP inhibited the cytotoxicity and lipid accumulation in L‐02 cells that were exposed to a mixture of free fatty acid (FFA). VVYP effectively alleviated the liver injury induced by methionine‐choline‐deficient (MCD) diet, demonstrated by reducing the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/triglycerides (TG)/non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and improving liver histology. VVYP decreased expression levels of lipid synthesis‐related genes and reduced levels of the proinflammation cytokines in the liver of mice fed by MCD diet. Moreover, VVYP inhibited the increased level of LPS and reversed the liver mitochondria dysfunction induced by MCD diet. Meanwhile, VVYP significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Eubacteriaceae, coriobacteriacease, Desulfovibrionaceae, S24‐7 and Bacteroidia in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice, however, VVYP reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus. Moreover, VVYP conferred the protective effect of intestinal barrier via promoting the expression of the mucins and tight junction (TJ)‐associated genes and inhibited subsequent liver inflammatory responses. These results indicated that the protective role of VVYP on NASH is mediated by modulating gut microbiota imbalance and related gut‐liver axis activation. VVYP might be a promising drug candidate for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshu Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Shun Yuan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Huilan Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaojun Zheng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongbing Sun
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Rikang Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Antileishmanial Activity of Lignans, Neolignans, and Other Plant Phenols. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 115:115-176. [PMID: 33797642 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64853-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SM) from organisms have served medicinal chemists over the past two centuries as an almost inexhaustible pool of new drugs, drug-like skeletons, and chemical probes that have been used in the "hunt" for new biologically active molecules with a "beneficial effect on human mind and body." Several secondary metabolites, or their derivatives, have been found to be the answer in the quest to search for new approaches to treat or even eradicate many types of diseases that oppress humanity. A special place among SM is occupied by lignans and neolignans. These phenolic compounds are generated biosynthetically via radical coupling of two phenylpropanoid monomers, and are known for their multitarget activity and low toxicity. The disadvantage of the relatively low specificity of phenylpropanoid-based SM turns into an advantage when structural modifications of these skeletons are made. Indeed, phenylpropanoid-based SM previously have proven to offer great potential as a starting point in drug development. Compounds such as Warfarin® (a coumarin-based anticoagulant) as well as etoposide and teniposide (podophyllotoxin-based anticancer drugs) are just a few examples. At the beginning of the third decade of the twenty-first century, the call for the treatment of more than a dozen rare or previously "neglected" diseases remains for various reasons unanswered. Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease that desperately needs new ways of treatment, is just one of these. This disease is caused by more than 20 leishmanial parasites that are pathogenic to humans and are spread by as many as 800 sandfly species across subtropical areas of the world. With continuing climate changes, the presence of Leishmania parasites and therefore leishmaniasis, the disease caused by these parasites, is spreading from previous locations to new areas. Thus, leishmaniasis is affecting each year a larger proportion of the world's population. The choice of appropriate leishmaniasis treatment depends on the severity of the disease and its form of manifestation. The success of current drug therapy is often limited, due in most cases to requiring long hospitalization periods (weeks to months) and the toxicity (side effects) of administered drugs, in addition to the increasing resistance of the parasites to treatment. It is thus important to develop new drugs and treatments that are less toxic, can overcome drug resistance, and require shorter periods of treatment. These aspects are especially important for the populations of developing countries. It was reported that several phenylpropanoid-based secondary metabolites manifest interesting antileishmanial activities and are used by various indigenous people to treat leishmaniasis. In this chapter, the authors shed some light on the various biological activities of phenylpropanoid natural products, with the main focus being on their possible applications in the context of antileishmanial treatment.
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Simental-Mendía LE, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendía M, Sánchez-García A, Rodríguez-Ramírez M. Beneficial Effects of Plant-Derived Natural Products on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:257-272. [PMID: 33861449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming in one of the most prevalent liver diseases that leads to liver transplantation. This health problem is a multisystem disease with a complex pathogenesis that involves liver, adipose tissue, gut, and muscle. Although several pharmacological agents have been investigated to prevent or treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, currently there is no effective treatment for the management of this chronic liver disease. Nonetheless, the use of natural products has emerged as a alternative therapeutic for the treatment of hepatic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, insulin-sensitizing, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective properties. In the present review, we have discussed the evidence from experimental and clinical studies regarding the potential beneficial effects of plant-derived natural products (quercetin, resveratrol, berberine, pomegranate, curcumin, cinnamon, green tea, coffee, garlic, ginger, ginseng, and gingko biloba) for the treatment or prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México.
| | - Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Adriana Sánchez-García
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Mariana Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México
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Morsy MD, Aboonq MS, ALsleem MA, Abusham AA. Taurine prevents high-fat diet-induced-hepatic steatosis in rats by direct inhibition of hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and activation of AMPK. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:72-85. [PMID: 32691860 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated if the protective effect of taurine against high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis involves modulating the hepatic activity of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and levels/activity of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1/2 (SREBP1/2). Rats were divided into four groups (n = 12/group) as (a) STD, fed standard diet (3.85 kcal/g); (b) STD + taurine (500 mg/kg); (c) HFD, fed HFD (4.73 kcal/g); and (d) HFD + taurine. All treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Independent of food intake or modulating glucose or insulin levels, taurine administration to STD and HFD-fed rats significantly lowered weekly weight gain and the accumulation of the retroperitoneal, visceral and subcutaneous fats. In both groups, taurine also reduced serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and reduced hepatic mRNA and protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1), HMG-CoA-reductase and HMG-CoA synthetase. In control rats only, taurine reduced hepatic levels of mature forms of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-1/2. In HFD-fed rats, taurine reduced SREBP-1/2 precursor and mature forms in the livers of HFD-fed rats. Besides, taurine significantly increased levels of glutathione (GSH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the activity of AMPK and its downstream β-oxidation genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) in the livers of both the control and HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, taurine protects against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis stimulating antioxidant levels, and concomitant stimulating hepatic β-oxidation and suppressing lipid synthesis, mediated by activation of AMPK and suppression of SREBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Darwesh Morsy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Alkoom, Egypt
| | - Moutasem Salih Aboonq
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abadi ALsleem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalla Abdelrahim Abusham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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226
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Liu H, Zhu H, Xia H, Yang X, Yang L, Wang S, Wen J, Sun G. Different effects of high-fat diets rich in different oils on lipids metabolism, oxidative stress and gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2020; 141:110078. [PMID: 33641963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the different effects of high-fat (HF) diets rich in different oils on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and gut mirobiota. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) control group (CG) was fed with normal diet, (2) olive oil (OO) group was fed with high-fat diet containing OO, (3) lard oil (LO) group was fed with high-fat diet containing LO, (4) soybean oil (SO) group was fed with high-fat diet containing SO. After 12 weeks, serum lipids, and oxidative stress indices were analyzed. Gut microbiota analysis was carried out based on the sequencing results of 16S rRNA. High fat diet can increase serum and liver lipids and upregulate sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c related genes expression. Serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in LO group were significantly higher than those in CG and OO groups. In CG, the family Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae had the large effect sizes. HF diets resulted in the increase of Actinobacteria and Enterococcaceae abundance, and the decrease of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria Lactobacillales and microbiota diversity. The abundance of Actinobacteria and Lactobacillales is the link to the serum TC and MDA levels. HF diets have the harmful influence on the serum lipids, oxidative stress and endothelial function. They can also cause gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hangju Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 2100009, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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227
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Mu H, Zhou Q, Yang R, Zeng J, Li X, Zhang R, Tang W, Li H, Wang S, Shen T, Huang X, Dou L, Dong J. Naringin Attenuates High Fat Diet Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis in Mice. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585066. [PMID: 33281780 PMCID: PMC7691324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising annually, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut bacteria plays a causal role in NAFLD. Naringin, a natural flavanone enriched in citrus fruits, is reported to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation, but to date, no investigations have examined whether the benefits of naringin are associated with the gut bacteria. Thus, we investigated whether the antilipidemic effects of naringin are related to modulating the gut bacteria and metabolic functions. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, then fed an HFD with or without naringin administration for another 8 weeks. Naringin intervention reduced the body weight gain, liver lipid accumulation, and lipogenesis and attenuated plasma biochemical parameters in HFD-fed mice. Gut bacteria analysis showed that naringin altered the community compositional structure of the gut bacteria characterized by increased benefits and fewer harmful bacteria. Additionally, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that at the genus level, Allobaculum, Alloprevotella, Butyricicoccus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Parasutterella and uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae were negatively correlated and Campylobacter, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, Faecalibaculum and Fusobacterium were positively correlated with serum lipid levels. These results strongly suggest that naringin may be used as a potential agent to prevent gut dysbiosis and alleviate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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228
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Human mesenchymal stem cells treatment improved hepatic lesions and reversed gut microbiome disorder in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21660-21673. [PMID: 33168782 PMCID: PMC7695425 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are urgently needed. We investigated the effect of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the intestinal flora in NASH treatment. We isolated the hMSCs from the umbilical cords and divided male C57BL/6 mice into three groups, namely, chow, methionine-choline-deficient (MCD), and MCD+hMSCs. After collecting the feces and liver of the mice, we evaluated the histological changes in the liver and measured the inflammatory and fibrogenesis cytokines. Fecal microbiome and metabolome were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. The hMSCs treatment could alleviate hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis induced by MCD diet. It could also reverse the microbiome and metabolome disorders in the NASH model. Correlation analysis of the interaction among bacteria amplified the effects of the bacteria in host. In conclusion, hMSCs treatment could improve NASH-related lesions and reverse gut microbiome and metabolome disorder in NASH.
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229
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Hai Y, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Ma X, Qi X, Xiao J, Xue W, Luo Y, Yue T. Advance on the absorption, metabolism, and efficacy exertion of quercetin and its important derivatives. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yuanxiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yingzhi Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiao Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo ‐ Ourense Campus Ourense E‐32004 Spain
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro‐products (Yangling) Ministry of Agriculture Beijing P. R. China
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230
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Uchiyama H, Dowaki M, Kadota K, Arima H, Sugiyama K, Tozuka Y. Single-stranded β-1,3-1,6-glucan as a carrier for improved dissolution and membrane permeation of poorly water-soluble compounds. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116698. [PMID: 32829826 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a water-soluble, single-stranded β-1,3/1,6-glucan (ssβ-glucan), recovered by hydrothermal treatment, to enhance the solubility and membrane permeability of poorly water-soluble compounds was examined. As a poorly water-soluble model compound, quercetin (QUE) was used. The aqueous solubility of spray-dried particles (SDPs) of QUE/ssβ-glucan was significantly enhanced compared with that of the untreated QUE powder and the physical mixture of QUE/ssβ-glucan. Fourier-transform infrared spectra and small-angle X-ray scattering suggested strong interactions between ssβ-glucan and QUE in the SDPs, which was attributable to QUE entrapment in the helical ssβ-glucan structure. The amount of QUE infused into Caco-2 cells from QUE/ssβ-glucan SDPs was 16-fold and 5-fold higher than the amount infused from untreated QUE powder and the physical mixture of QUE/ssβ-glucan, respectively. These results showed that water-soluble ssβ-glucan improved QUE dissolution and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Mayu Dowaki
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Sugiyama
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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231
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Alves-Santos AM, Sugizaki CSA, Lima GC, Naves MMV. Prebiotic effect of dietary polyphenols: A systematic review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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232
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Bedi O, Aggarwal S, Trehanpati N, Ramakrishna G, Grewal AS, Krishan P. In vitro targeted screening and molecular docking of stilbene, quinones, and flavonoid on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes for anti-adipogenic actions. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2093-2106. [PMID: 32588069 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic disorders like obesity, NAFLD and T2DM, adipocytes are dysfunctional. Hence, pharmacological interventions have importance in preventing differentiation of adipocytes and stimulating lipid uptake. We, therefore, investigated the effects of arbutin (ARB), purpurin (PUR), quercetin (QR), and pterostilbene (PTS) on adipocyte differentiation and lipid uptake using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Further, in silico docking studies were achieved to investigate interactions of ARB, PUR, QR, and PTS with beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) and thioesterase (TE) domains of fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzyme. Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of selected pharmacological agents by Oil Red O staining and in vitro fatty acid uptake analysis. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the binding interactions of selected compounds with KR and TE domains of FAS enzyme. All these agents significantly decrease the adipocyte differentiation and showed the stimulatory effect on fatty acid uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, PTS and PUR proved to be anti-adipogenic, whereas ARB and QR showed significant effect on fatty acid uptake, compared to others. Similarly, all the compounds displayed significant binding interactions with KR and TE domains of FAS enzyme, supporting the results of in vitro studies. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Savera Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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233
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Gu X, Shi Y, Chen X, Sun Z, Luo W, Hu X, Jin G, You S, Qian Y, Wu W, Liang G, Wu G, Chen Z, Chen X. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:153319. [PMID: 32950951 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress play essential roles in the occurrence and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a natural chalcone, exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of ISL on DCM using high glucose (HG)-challenged cultured cardiomyocytes and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Embryonic rat heart-derived H9c2 cells challenged with a high concentration of glucose were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ISL. STZ-induced diabetic mice were used to study the effects of ISL in DCM in vivo. Furthermore, cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and apoptosis were explored both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS ISL effectively inhibited HG-induced hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis probably by alleviating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. Results from in vivo experiments showed that ISL exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant stress activities that were characterized by the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis, which resulted in the maintenance of cardiac function. The protective effects of ISL against inflammation and oxidative stress were mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results provided compelling evidence that ISL, by virtue of neutralizing excessive inflammatory response and oxidative stress, could be a promising agent in the treatment of DCM. Targeting the MAPKs and Nrf2 signaling pathway might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujuan Shi
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jiangshan People's Hospital, Jiangshan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zijia Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengban You
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zimiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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234
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Li Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Lam CWK, Li Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Jiang Z. Immobilization of cell membrane onto a glucose-Zn-based porous coordination polymer and its application to rapid screening of potentially active compounds from Vaccinium corymbosum L. leaves. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:630. [PMID: 33125573 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel glucose-Zn-based porous coordination polymer (PCP) was selected as a carrier of cell membranes (CMs) to fabricate CM-coated PCP (CMPCP) for rapid screening of potentially active compounds from natural products. The cell disruption and the amount of maximum CMs adsorbed on PCP were optimized according to the amount of immobilized protein. This new kind of matrix exhibited good reproducibility and stability, and was applied for fishing potentially active compounds from the extracts of Vaccinium corymbosum L. leaves (VCL). Using LC-MS/MS, chlorogenic acid and quercetin were identified as the potentially active compounds through comparison of normal and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-modeled CMPCP. Our results suggested that the proposed approach based on CMPCP was environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and convenient in terms of green porous material, stable protein loading capacity, and accessible operation process. The developed method could provide a promising platform for efficient drug discovery from natural product resources.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
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235
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Pei Y, Otieno D, Gu I, Lee SO, Parks JS, Schimmel K, Kang HW. Effect of quercetin on nonshivering thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 88:108532. [PMID: 33130188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activating nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising strategy to prevent obesity. This study investigated whether quercetin supplementation improves obesity in mice by increasing nonshivering thermogenesis in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. Compared to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, mice fed a HFD supplemented with 1% quercetin (HFDQ) had reduced body weight and total plasma cholesterol. In HFDQ-fed mice, retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT) weight was decreased, and browning effect and lipolysis were increased. HFDQ-fed mice had increased expression of nonshivering thermogenesis genes in BAT, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α), cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (CIDEA), and mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mtTFA). Quercetin supplementation increased genes and proteins in β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in HFD-fed mice, which were suppressed by an AMPK inhibitor or an ADRB3 antagonist. Energy expenditure and core body temperature were not changed by quercetin, but physical activity was increased in HFDQ mice during dark periods at room and cold temperatures. Quercetin also decreased the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and increased short-chain fatty acid production in the feces of HFD-fed mice. In summary, quercetin supplementation in HFD-fed mice may attenuate obesity. Although the study did not show consistency in data at molecular and pathophysiological levels between BAT function and obesity, it also shows promising health effects of quercetin, accompanied by improved physical activity and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Pei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dammah Otieno
- Applied Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Inah Gu
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith Schimmel
- Applied Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
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236
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Ding JH, Jin Z, Yang XX, Lou J, Shan WX, Hu YX, Du Q, Liao QS, Xie R, Xu JY. Role of gut microbiota via the gut-liver-brain axis in digestive diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6141-6162. [PMID: 33177790 PMCID: PMC7596643 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i40.6141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional information interaction system between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract, in which gut microbiota plays a key role. The gut microbiota forms a complex network with the enteric nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the neuroendocrine and neuroimmunity of the CNS, which is called the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Due to the close anatomical and functional interaction of the gut-liver axis, the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis has attracted increased attention in recent years. The microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis mediates the occurrence and development of many diseases, and it offers a direction for the research of disease treatment. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of the gut microbiota in the irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, functional dyspepsia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy via the gut-liver-brain axis, and the focus is to clarify the potential mechanisms and treatment of digestive diseases based on the further understanding of the microbiota-gut- liver-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei-Xi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan-Xia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiu-Shi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
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237
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Fernández LP, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: Implications in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577420. [PMID: 33194695 PMCID: PMC7655926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the course of this multistage and multifactorial disease, a set of alterations takes place, with genetic and environmental factors modulating tumorigenesis and disease progression. Metabolic alterations of tumors are well-recognized and are considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolic competences in order to efficiently supply their novel demands of energy to sustain cell proliferation and metastasis. At present, there is a growing interest in understanding the metabolic switch that occurs during tumorigenesis. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism has emerged as essential for tumor development and progression. Indeed, several investigations have demonstrated the consequences of lipid metabolism alterations in cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, three basic steps occurring during metastasis. In addition, obesity and associated metabolic alterations have been shown to augment the risk of cancer and to worsen its prognosis. Consequently, an extensive collection of tumorigenic steps has been shown to be modulated by lipid metabolism, not only affecting the growth of primary tumors, but also mediating progression and metastasis. Besides, key enzymes involved in lipid-metabolic pathways have been associated with cancer survival and have been proposed as prognosis biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will analyze the impact of obesity and related tumor microenviroment alterations as modifiable risk factors in cancer, focusing on the lipid alterations co-occurring during tumorigenesis. The value of precision technologies and its application to target lipid metabolism in cancer will also be discussed. The degree to which lipid alterations, together with current therapies and intake of specific dietary components, affect risk of cancer is now under investigation, and innovative therapeutic or preventive applications must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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238
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Haghbin H, Gangwani MK, Ravi SJK, Perisetti A, Aziz M, Goyal H, Nawras A, Sodeman T. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atrial fibrillation: possible pathophysiological links and therapeutic interventions. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:603-614. [PMID: 33162737 PMCID: PMC7599354 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share common risk factors and appear to have an association. Independently, the incidence and prevalence of both diseases are on the rise. Epidemiological evidence, experimental studies and various randomized clinical trials suggest a link between the 2 entities, delineating cumulative risks and clinical strategies to improve outcomes. Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, inflammatory milieu, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system are likely common pathophysiological mechanisms linking AF and NAFLD. In this article we review the known pathways and pathophysiology that link the 2 conditions. This review also discusses therapies that target both NAFLD and AF, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, metformin, and vitamin E. We further discuss other potential medications that have shown effects in NAFLD or AF through anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, or renin-angiotensin system inhibiting effects. Future epidemiological studies are needed to establish a direct causal relationship between NAFLD and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Haghbin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio (Hossein Haghbin, Muhammad Aziz)
| | - Manesh Kumar Gangwani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Hospital St. Louis, Missouri (Manesh Kumar Gangwani)
| | - Shri Jai Kirshan Ravi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Pennsylvania (Shri Jai Kirshan Ravi)
| | - Abhilash Perisetti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas (Abhilash Perisetti)
| | - Muhammad Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio (Hossein Haghbin, Muhammad Aziz)
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Pennsylvania (Hemant Goyal)
| | - Ali Nawras
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio (Ali Nawras, Thomas Sodeman), USA
| | - Thomas Sodeman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio (Ali Nawras, Thomas Sodeman), USA
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239
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High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of proposed mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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240
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Sayed AM, Hassanein EH, Salem SH, Hussein OE, Mahmoud AM. Flavonoids-mediated SIRT1 signaling activation in hepatic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 259:118173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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241
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Leonardi BF, Gosmann G, Zimmer AR. Modeling Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000249. [PMID: 32978870 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Standardized animal models represent one of the most valuable tools available to understand the mechanism underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to seek for new therapeutic strategies. However, there is considerable variability in the studies conducted with this essential purpose. This review presents an updated discussion of the most recent studies using diverse experimental conditions to induce MetS in rodents with unbalanced diets, discusses the key findings in metabolic outcomes, and critically evaluates what we have been learned from them and how to advance in the field. The study includes scientific reports sourced from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, published between January 2013 and June 2020, which used hypercaloric diets to induce metabolic disorders, and address the impact of the diet on metabolic parameters. The collected data are used as support to discuss variables such as sex, species, and age of the animals, the most favorable type of diet, and the ideal diet length to generate metabolic changes. The experimental characteristics propose herein improve the performance of a preclinical model that resembles the human MetS and will guide researchers to investigate new therapeutic alternatives with confidence and higher translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Leonardi
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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242
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Gori M, Giannitelli SM, Zancla A, Mozetic P, Trombetta M, Merendino N, Rainer A. Quercetin and hydroxytyrosol as modulators of hepatic steatosis: A NAFLD-on-a-chip study. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:142-152. [PMID: 32889748 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organs-on-chip (OoCs) are catching on as a promising and valuable alternative to animal models, in line with the 3Rs initiative. OoCs enable the creation of three-dimensional (3D) tissue microenvironments with physiological and pathological relevance at unparalleled precision and complexity, offering new opportunities to model human diseases and to test the potential therapeutic effect of drugs, while overcoming the limited predictive accuracy of conventional 2D culture systems. Here, we present a liver-on-a-chip model to investigate the effects of two naturally occurring polyphenols, namely quercetin and hydroxytyrosol, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a high-content analysis readout methodology. NAFLD is currently the most common form of chronic liver disease; however, its complex pathogenesis is still far from being elucidated, and no definitive treatment has been established so far. In our experiments, we observed that both polyphenols seem to restrain the progression of the free fatty acid-induced hepatocellular steatosis, showing a cytoprotective effect due to their antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties. In conclusion, the findings of the present work could guide novel strategies to contrast the onset and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Gori
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Zancla
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, Lecce, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
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243
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Khlifi R, Dhaouefi Z, Toumia IB, Lahmar A, Sioud F, Bouhajeb R, Bellalah A, Chekir-Ghedira L. Erica multiflora extract rich in quercetin-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside alleviates high fat and fructose diet-induced fatty liver disease by modulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways in Wistar rats. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108490. [PMID: 32920086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The wide morbidity of obesity has heightened interest in providing natural and safe compounds to maintain optimal health. The present study was designed to determine the chemical constituents and the effects of methanol leaf extract from Erica multiflora (M-EML) on mitigating high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MS). LC-MS/MS characterization of M-EML allowed the identification of 14 secondary metabolites and showed that quercetin-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside were the main compounds of our extract. In the in vivo study, the oral administration of M-EML (250 mg/kg) during the last 4 weeks of the experimentation alleviated HFFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, M-EML treatment significantly normalized body and liver weight, allowed to a sharp decline in plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL-c by 32%, 35% and 66%, respectively. Moreover, hepatic enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, lipase and uric acid levels have been diminished in treated group. Histopathology of the liver confirmed the changes induced by HFFD and the hepatoprotective effect of M-EML. The supply of M-EML reduced NO production and cellular lysosomal enzyme activity by 44% and 60%, respectively compared to HFFD. Besides, M-EML showed decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (259.5±47.35 pg/ml and 56.08±1.56 pg/ml) of TNF-α and IL-6, respectively. In addition, M-EML reduced liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. In contrast, these enzymatic activities have been disrupted in HFFD rats. Overall, M-EML prevented obesity through the modulation of metabolic syndrome, reducing inflammation and promoting antioxidant enzymes activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Khlifi
- Unity of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Zaineb Dhaouefi
- Unity of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imène Ben Toumia
- Unity of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aida Lahmar
- Unity of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Sioud
- Unity of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Bouhajeb
- Unity of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Bellalah
- Department of Pathology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Chekir-Ghedira
- Unity of Bioactive and Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES49, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenna Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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244
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Wang P, Gao J, Ke W, Wang J, Li D, Liu R, Jia Y, Wang X, Chen X, Chen F, Hu X. Resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice via modulating the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:83-98. [PMID: 32305646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with anti-obesity effects. However, the mechanisms of anti-obesity remain unclear due to its low bioavailability. Recent evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity. This spurred us to investigate whether the anti-obesity effects of RSV are related to modulations in the gut microbiota and metabolic functions. Here, RSV significantly improved metabolic phenotype and intestinal oxidative stress in the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. A multi-omics approach was used to systematically profile the microbial signatures at both the phylogenetic and functional levels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenome. At the phylogenetic level, RSV treatment significantly modulated the gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice, characterized with increased Blautia abundance and decreased Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group abundance. At the functional level, RSV significantly decreased the enrichment of pathways linked to host metabolic disease and increased the enrichment of pathways involved in the generation of small metabolites. Besides, the fecal microbiota transplantation experiment showed anti-obesity and microbiota-modulating effects similar to those observed in the oral RSV-feeding experiment. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis and antibiotic treatment verified that 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) were the two gut metabolites of RSV, which contribute to improving lipid metabolism in vitro. Moreover, the content of 4-HPA and 3-HPP exhibited strong correlation with the intestinal oxidative state. We concluded that the RSV-mediated alteration of gut microbiota, related gut metabolites and redox state of the intestinal environment contributed to prevention of metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Weixin Ke
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Daotong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruolin Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ni Y, Ni L, Zhuge F, Fu Z. The Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites, Novel Targets for Treating and Preventing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000375. [PMID: 32738185 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide, along with obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD involves a series of liver abnormalities from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The gut-liver axis plays an important role in the development of NAFLD, which depends mainly on regulation of the gut microbiota and its bacterial products. These intestinal bacterial species and their metabolites, including bile acids, tryptophan catabolites, and branched-chain amino acids, regulate adipose tissue and intestinal homeostasis and contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this review, the current evidence regarding the key role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD is highlighted, and the advances in the progression and applied prospects of gut microbiota-targeted dietary and exercise therapies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Liyang Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
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246
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Sato S, Mukai Y. Modulation of Chronic Inflammation by Quercetin: The Beneficial Effects on Obesity. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:421-431. [PMID: 32848440 PMCID: PMC7425105 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s228361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, obesity induces chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and the vascular system. Quercetin is the major representative of the flavonoid subclass of flavonols, which is ubiquitously contained within natural plants such as green tea, and vegetables, including onions and apples. Researchers have focused greater attention to the beneficial physiological roles of quercetin, which has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects on insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in obesity-related diseases. Also, the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin on intestinal microbiota have been demonstrated in obesity. In addition, there is increasing evidence that quercetin is associated with epigenetic activities in cancer, and in maternal undernutrition during gestation and lactation. In this review, we focus on the chemical properties of quercetin, its dietary sources in obesity, and its anti-inflammatory effects on insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, intestinal microbiota, and maternal under-nutrition with epigenetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Sato
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Yuuka Mukai
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Work, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan
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247
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Brandt A, Rajcic D, Jin CJ, Sánchez V, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Fortifying diet with rapeseed oil instead of butterfat attenuates the progression of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and impairment of glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2020; 109:154283. [PMID: 32497536 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absolute dietary fat intake but even more so fatty acid pattern is discussed to be critical in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we determined if switching a butterfat enriched diet to a rapeseed oil (RO) enriched diet affects progression of an existing NAFLD and glucose intolerance in mice. METHODS For eight weeks, female C57Bl/6J mice were either fed a liquid control (C) or a butterfat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (BFC, 25E% butterfat) to induce early signs of steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in mice. For additional five weeks mice received either BFC or C or a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich and control diet, in which butterfat was replaced with RO (ROFC and CRO). Markers of glucose metabolism, liver damage and intestinal barrier were assessed. RESULTS Exchanging butterfat with RO attenuated the progression of BFC diet-induced NAFLD and glucose intolerance. Beneficial effects of RO were associated with lower portal endotoxin levels and an attenuation of the induction of the toll-like receptor-4-dependent signaling cascades in liver. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activity was induced in small intestine of ROFC-fed mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, exchanging butterfat with RO attenuated the progression of diet-induced steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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248
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Lu JF, Zhu MQ, Zhang H, Liu H, Xia B, Wang YL, Shi X, Peng L, Wu JW. Neohesperidin attenuates obesity by altering the composition of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:12053-12071. [PMID: 32729978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903102rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders are associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, disrupted intestinal barrier, and chronic inflammation. Neohesperidin (Neo), a natural polyphenol abundant in citrus fruits, is known for its preventative and therapeutic effects on numerous diseases. Here, we report that Neo administration attenuates weight gain, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). Also, Neo administration substantially restores gut barrier damage, metabolic endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in fecal samples revealed that Neo administration reverses HFD-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis: an increase in the diversity of gut microbiota and alteration in the composition of intestinal microbiota (particularly in the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes). Furthermore, systemic antibiotic treatment abolishes the beneficial effects of Neo in body weight control, suggesting that the effect of Neo on obesity attenuation largely depends on the gut microbiota. More importantly, we demonstrate that the impact of Neo on the regulation of obesity could be transferred from Neo-treated mice to HFD-fed mice via fecal microbiota transplantation. Collectively, our data highlight the efficacy of Neo as a prebiotic agent for attenuating obesity, implying a potential mechanism for gut microbiota mediated the beneficial effect of Neo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin'e Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Lactobacillus casei YRL577 ameliorates markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver and alters expression of genes within the intestinal bile acid pathway. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:521-529. [PMID: 32718371 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the main cause of end-stage liver disease. Probiotics have the potential effect of alleviating NAFLD. The aim of this study was to explore functional probiotics and their underlying mechanisms. The bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in thirty-four strains was determined in vitro. Then, C57BL/6 mice were used to explore the effects of probiotics on NAFLD. Body weight and food intake were measured, and serum lipid concentrations, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines levels were determined using commercial kits. The expressions of intestinal bile acid pathway genes were evaluated via real-time PCR. The results showed that Lactobacillus casei YRL577 and L. paracasei X11 had higher BSH activity. L. casei YRL577 significantly reduced liver weight and liver index and could regulate the levels of lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines as compared with L. paracasei X11. Furthermore, the results indicated that L. casei YRL577 up-regulated the mRNA levels of farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor 15, whereas down-regulated the mRNA level of apical Na-dependent bile acid transporter. These findings suggested that L. casei YRL577 modified genes in the intestinal bile acid pathway which might contribute to the alleviation of NAFLD.
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Fries-Craft K, Anast JM, Schmitz-Esser S, Bobeck EA. Host immunity and the colon microbiota of mice infected with Citrobacter rodentium are beneficially modulated by lipid-soluble extract from late-cutting alfalfa in the early stages of infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236106. [PMID: 32673362 PMCID: PMC7365448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa is a forage legume commonly associated with ruminant livestock production that may be a potential source of health-promoting phytochemicals. Anecdotal evidence from producers suggests that later cuttings of alfalfa may be more beneficial to non-ruminants; however, published literature varies greatly in measured outcomes, supplement form, and cutting. The objective of this study was to measure body weight, average daily feed intake, host immunity, and the colon microbiota composition in mice fed hay, aqueous, and chloroform extracts of early (1st) and late (5th) cutting alfalfa before and after challenge with Citrobacter rodentium. Prior to inoculation, alfalfa supplementation did not have a significant impact on body weight or feed intake, but 5th cutting alfalfa was shown to improve body weight at 5- and 6-days post-infection compared to 1st cutting alfalfa (P = 0.02 and 0.01). Combined with the observation that both chloroform extracts improved mouse body weight compared to control diets in later stages of C. rodentium infection led to detailed analyses of the immune system and colon microbiota in mice fed 1st and 5th cutting chloroform extracts. Immediately following inoculation, 5th cutting chloroform extracts significantly reduced the relative abundance of C. rodentium (P = 0.02) and did not display the early lymphocyte recruitment observed in 1st cutting extract. In later timepoints, both chloroform extracts maintained lower splenic B-cell and macrophage populations while increasing the relative abundance of potentially beneficially genera such as Turicibacter (P = 0.02). At 21dpi, only 5th cutting chloroform extracts increased the relative abundance of beneficial Akkermansia compared to the control diet (P = 0.02). These results suggest that lipid soluble compounds enriched in late-cutting alfalfa modulate pathogen colonization and early immune responses to Citrobacter rodentium, contributing to protective effects on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Fries-Craft
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - J. M. Anast
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - S. Schmitz-Esser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - E. A. Bobeck
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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