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Soltan MA, Alhanshani AA, Shati AA, Alqahtani YA, Alshaya DS, Alharthi J, Altalhi SA, Fayad E, Zaki MSA, Eid RA. Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Interfere with Several Immune Components and Predict Poor Clinical Outcome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2254. [PMID: 37626750 PMCID: PMC10452213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is a well-known tumor suppressor gene as it functions as a cell cycle regulator. While several reports correlate the malfunction of CDKN2A with the initiation and progression of several types of human tumors, there is a lack of a comprehensive study that analyzes the potential effect of CDKN2A genetic alterations on the human immune components and the consequences of that effect on tumor progression and patient survival in a pan-cancer model. The first stage of the current study was the analysis of CDKN2A differential expression in tumor tissues and the corresponding normal ones and correlating that with tumor stage, grade, metastasis, and clinical outcome. Next, a detailed profile of CDKN2A genetic alteration under tumor conditions was described and assessed for its effect on the status of different human immune components. CDKN2A was found to be upregulated in cancerous tissues versus normal ones and that predicted the progression of tumor stage, grade, and metastasis in addition to poor prognosis under different forms of tumors. Additionally, CDKN2A experienced different forms of genetic alteration under tumor conditions, a characteristic that influenced the infiltration and the status of CD8, the chemokine CCL4, and the chemokine receptor CCR6. Collectively, the current study demonstrates the potential employment of CDKN2A genetic alteration as a prognostic and immunological biomarker under several types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Alhanshani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alharthi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Awwadh Altalhi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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202
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Castiglioni A, Yang Y, Williams K, Gogineni A, Lane RS, Wang AW, Shyer JA, Zhang Z, Mittman S, Gutierrez A, Astarita JL, Thai M, Hung J, Yang YA, Pourmohamad T, Himmels P, De Simone M, Elstrott J, Capietto AH, Cubas R, Modrusan Z, Sandoval W, Ziai J, Gould SE, Fu W, Wang Y, Koerber JT, Sanjabi S, Mellman I, Turley SJ, Müller S. Combined PD-L1/TGFβ blockade allows expansion and differentiation of stem cell-like CD8 T cells in immune excluded tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4703. [PMID: 37543621 PMCID: PMC10404279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TGFβ signaling is associated with non-response to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced cancers, particularly in the immune-excluded phenotype. While previous work demonstrates that converting tumors from excluded to inflamed phenotypes requires attenuation of PD-L1 and TGFβ signaling, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that TGFβ and PD-L1 restrain intratumoral stem cell-like CD8 T cell (TSCL) expansion and replacement of progenitor-exhausted and dysfunctional CD8 T cells with non-exhausted T effector cells in the EMT6 tumor model in female mice. Upon combined TGFβ/PD-L1 blockade IFNγhi CD8 T effector cells show enhanced motility and accumulate in the tumor. Ensuing IFNγ signaling transforms myeloid, stromal, and tumor niches to yield an immune-supportive ecosystem. Blocking IFNγ abolishes the anti-PD-L1/anti-TGFβ therapy efficacy. Our data suggest that TGFβ works with PD-L1 to prevent TSCL expansion and replacement of exhausted CD8 T cells, thereby maintaining the T cell compartment in a dysfunctional state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhe Zhang
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Minh Thai
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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203
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Gill AL, Wang PH, Lee J, Hudson WH, Ando S, Araki K, Hu Y, Wieland A, Im S, Gavora A, Medina CB, Freeman GJ, Hashimoto M, Reiner SL, Ahmed R. PD-1 blockade increases the self-renewal of stem-like CD8 T cells to compensate for their accelerated differentiation into effectors. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg0539. [PMID: 37624909 PMCID: PMC10798572 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
PD-1+TCF-1+ stem-like CD8 T cells act as critical resource cells for maintaining T cell immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer. In addition, they provide the proliferative burst of effector CD8 T cells after programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)-directed immunotherapy. However, it is not known whether checkpoint blockade diminishes the number of these stem-like progenitor cells as effector cell differentiation increases. To investigate this, we used the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Treatment of chronically infected mice with either αPD-1 or αPD-L1 antibody not only increased effector cell differentiation from the virus-specific stem-like CD8 T cells but also increased their proliferation so their numbers were maintained. The increased self-renewal of LCMV-specific stem-like CD8 T cells was mTOR dependent. We used microscopy to understand the division of these progenitor cells and found that after PD-1 blockade, an individual dividing cell could give rise to a differentiated TCF-1- daughter cell alongside a self-renewing TCF-1+ sister cell. This asymmetric division helped to preserve the number of stem-like cells. Moreover, we found that the PD-1+TCF-1+ stem-like CD8 T cells retained their transcriptional program and their in vivo functionality in terms of responding to viral infection and to repeat PD-1 blockade. Together, our results demonstrate that PD-1 blockade does not deplete the stem-like population despite increasing effector differentiation. These findings have implications for PD-1-directed immunotherapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Gill
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Peter H. Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Judong Lee
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - William H. Hudson
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Satomi Ando
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Koichi Araki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yinghong Hu
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University; Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sejin Im
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Autumn Gavora
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christopher B. Medina
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Masao Hashimoto
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Steven L. Reiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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204
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Humblin E, Korpas I, Lu J, Filipescu D, van der Heide V, Goldstein S, Vaidya A, Soares-Schanoski A, Casati B, Selvan ME, Gümüş ZH, Wieland A, Corrado M, Cohen-Gould L, Bernstein E, Homann D, Chipuk J, Kamphorst AO. Sustained CD28 costimulation is required for self-renewal and differentiation of TCF-1 + PD-1 + CD8 T cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg0878. [PMID: 37624910 PMCID: PMC10805182 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
During persistent antigen stimulation, such as in chronic infections and cancer, CD8 T cells differentiate into a hypofunctional programmed death protein 1-positive (PD-1+) exhausted state. Exhausted CD8 T cell responses are maintained by precursors (Tpex) that express the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) and high levels of the costimulatory molecule CD28. Here, we demonstrate that sustained CD28 costimulation is required for maintenance of antiviral T cells during chronic infection. Low-level CD28 engagement preserved mitochondrial fitness and self-renewal of Tpex, whereas stronger CD28 signaling enhanced glycolysis and promoted Tpex differentiation into TCF-1neg exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex). Furthermore, enhanced differentiation by CD28 engagement did not reduce the Tpex pool. Together, these findings demonstrate that continuous CD28 engagement is needed to sustain PD-1+ CD8 T cells and suggest that increasing CD28 signaling promotes Tpex differentiation into more functional effector-like Tex, possibly without compromising long-term responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Humblin
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Isabel Korpas
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiahua Lu
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Filipescu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Verena van der Heide
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simon Goldstein
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Abishek Vaidya
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessandra Soares-Schanoski
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Beatrice Casati
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Zeynep H. Gümüş
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC – James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) and Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jerry Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alice O. Kamphorst
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
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205
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Kim YJ, Rho KN, Jeong S, Lee GW, Kim HO, Cho HJ, Bae WK, Oh IJ, Lee SW, Cho JH. CD5 Expression Dynamically Changes During the Differentiation of Human CD8 + T Cells Predicting Clinical Response to Immunotherapy. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e35. [PMID: 37670812 PMCID: PMC10475823 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining the molecular dynamics associated with T cell differentiation enhances our understanding of T cell biology and opens up new possibilities for clinical implications. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of CD5 expression in CD8+ T cell differentiation and explored its potential clinical uses. Using PBMCs from 29 healthy donors, we observed a stepwise decrease in CD5 expression as CD8+ T cells progressed through the differentiation stages. Interestingly, we found that CD5 expression was initially upregulated in response to T cell receptor stimulation, but diminished as the cells underwent proliferation, potentially explaining the differentiation-associated CD5 downregulation. Based on the proliferation-dependent downregulation of CD5, we hypothesized that relative CD5 expression could serve as a marker to distinguish the heterogeneous CD8+ T cell population based on their proliferation history. In support of this, we demonstrated that effector memory CD8+ T cells with higher CD5 expression exhibited phenotypic and functional characteristics resembling less differentiated cells compared to those with lower CD5 expression. Furthermore, in the retrospective analysis of PBMCs from 30 non-small cell lung cancer patients, we found that patients with higher CD5 expression in effector memory T cells displayed CD8+ T cells with a phenotype closer to the less differentiated cells, leading to favorable clinical outcomes in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. These findings highlight the dynamics of CD5 expression as an indicator of CD8+ T cell differentiation status, and have implications for the development of predictive biomarker for ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Kim
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Kyung Na Rho
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Saei Jeong
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Gil-Woo Lee
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Lee
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
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206
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Sugiyarto G, Lau D, Hill SL, Arcia-Anaya D, Boulanger DSM, Parkes EE, James E, Elliott T. Reactivation of low avidity tumor-specific CD8 + T cells associates with immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007114. [PMID: 37586767 PMCID: PMC10432680 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. Further insights on the roles of CD8+ specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. METHODS CT26 models were treated with anti-PD-1 on days 3, 6 and 9 following subcutaneous tumor implantation generating variable responses during early tumor development. Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8+ T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. Functional characterization of high and low avidity GSW11-specific CD8+ T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq. In vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo adoptive transfer experiments were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of high and low avidity populations. RESULTS Treatment success with anti-PD-1 was associated with the preferential expansion of low avidity (Tetlo) GSW11-specific CD8+ T cells with Vβ TCR expressing clonotypes. High avidity T cells (Tethi), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. Tetlo demonstrated precursor exhausted or progenitor T cell phenotypes marked by higher expression of Tcf-1 and T-bet, and lower expression of the exhaustion markers CD39, PD-1 and Eomes compared with Tethi, whereas Tethi cells were terminally exhausted. Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tetlo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tethi, whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. In vitro studies showed that Tetlo exhibits higher cytotoxicity than Tethi. Adoptive transfer of Tetlo showed more effective tumor control than Tethi, and curative responses were achieved when Tetlo was combined with two doses of anti-PD-1. CONCLUSIONS Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. Future interventions may consider expanding low avidity populations via vaccination or adoptive transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessa Sugiyarto
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Luke Hill
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Arcia-Anaya
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denise S M Boulanger
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward James
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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207
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Won S, Lee C, Bae S, Lee J, Choi D, Kim M, Song S, Lee J, Kim E, Shin H, Basukala A, Lee TR, Lee D, Gho YS. Mass-produced gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles activate cancer antigen-specific stem-like CD8 + T cells which enables an effective combination immunotherapy with anti-PD-1. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12357. [PMID: 37563797 PMCID: PMC10415594 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the capability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to induce potent anti-tumour responses, large-scale production of bacterial EVs remains as a hurdle for their development as novel cancer immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we developed manufacturing processes for mass production of Escherichia coli EVs, namely, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). By combining metal precipitation and size-exclusion chromatography, we isolated 357 mg in total protein amount of E. coli OMVs, which was equivalent to 3.93 × 1015 particles (1.10 × 1010 particles/μg in total protein amounts of OMVs) from 160 L of the conditioned medium. We show that these mass-produced E. coli OMVs led to complete remission of two mouse syngeneic tumour models. Further analysis of tumour microenvironment in neoantigen-expressing tumour models revealed that E. coli OMV treatment causes increased infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells, especially those of cancer antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with high expression of TCF-1 and PD-1. Furthermore, E. coli OMVs showed synergistic anti-tumour activity with anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy, inducing substantial tumour growth inhibition and infiltration of activated cancer antigen-specific stem-like CD8+ T cells into the tumour microenvironment. These data highlight the potent anti-tumour activities of mass-produced E. coli OMVs as a novel candidate for developing next-generation cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solchan Won
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Seoyoon Bae
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECHPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- SL Bigen Inc.IncheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECHPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Dongsic Choi
- Department of BiochemistrySoonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanRepublic of Korea
| | - Min‐Gang Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | | | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - HaYoung Shin
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECHPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Anita Basukala
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECHPohangRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Dong‐Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- SL Bigen Inc.IncheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Life SciencesPOSTECHPohangRepublic of Korea
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208
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Schoenfeld DA, Moutafi M, Martinez S, Djureinovic D, Merkin RD, Adeniran A, Braun DA, Signoretti S, Choueiri TK, Parisi F, Hurwitz M, Rimm DL, Wei W, Jilaveanu L, Kluger HM. Immune dysfunction revealed by digital spatial profiling of immuno-oncology markers in progressive stages of renal cell carcinoma and in brain metastases. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007240. [PMID: 37586773 PMCID: PMC10432651 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to cancer progression and treatment response to therapy, including in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Prior profiling studies, including single-cell transcriptomics, often involve limited sample sizes and lack spatial orientation. The TME of RCC brain metastases, a major cause of morbidity, also remains largely uncharacterized. METHODS We performed digital spatial profiling on the NanoString GeoMx platform using 52 validated immuno-oncology markers on RCC tissue microarrays representing progressive stages of RCC, including brain metastases. We profiled 76 primary tumors, 27 adjacent histologically normal kidney samples, and 86 metastases, including 24 brain metastases. RESULTS We observed lower immune checkpoint (TIM-3 and CTLA-4), cytolytic (GZMA and GZMB), and T cell activation (CD25) protein expression in metastases compared with primary tumors in two separate cohorts. We also identified changes in macrophages in metastases, with brain metastases-susceptible patients showing less M1-like, inflammatory macrophage markers (HLA-DR and CD127) in metastatic samples. A comparison of brain metastases to extracranial metastases revealed higher expression of the anti-apoptotic, BCL-2-family protein BCL-XL and lower expression of the innate immune activator STING in brain metastases. Lower TIM-3 and CD40 in the TME of brain metastases appear to be associated with longer survival, a finding that requires further validation. CONCLUSIONS Compared with primary tumors, RCC metastases, including brain metastases, express lower levels of numerous markers of immune activation and current or investigational therapeutic targets. Our findings may have important implications for designing future biomarker and treatment studies and may aid in development of brain metastases-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Schoenfeld
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Myrto Moutafi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sandra Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dijana Djureinovic
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ross D Merkin
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeniran
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David A Braun
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fabio Parisi
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Hurwitz
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lucia Jilaveanu
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harriet M Kluger
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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209
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Langenbach M, Giesler S, Richtsfeld S, Costa-Pereira S, Rindlisbacher L, Wertheimer T, Braun LM, Andrieux G, Duquesne S, Pfeifer D, Woessner NM, Menssen HD, Taromi S, Duyster J, Börries M, Brummer T, Blazar BR, Minguet S, Turko P, Levesque MP, Becher B, Zeiser R. MDM2 Inhibition Enhances Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy by Increasing IL15 and MHC Class II Production. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:849-864. [PMID: 37071397 PMCID: PMC10524444 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) leads to impressive response rates but primary and secondary resistance to ICI reduces progression-free survival. Novel strategies that interfere with resistance mechanisms are key to further improve patient outcome during ICI therapy. P53 is often inactivated by mouse-double-minute-2 (MDM2), which may decrease immunogenicity of melanoma cells. We analyzed primary patient-derived melanoma cell lines, performed bulk sequencing analysis of patient-derived melanoma samples, and used melanoma mouse models to investigate the role of MDM2-inhibition for enhanced ICI therapy. We found increased expression of IL15 and MHC-II in murine melanoma cells upon p53 induction by MDM2-inhibition. MDM2-inhibitor induced MHC-II and IL15-production, which was p53 dependent as Tp53 knockdown blocked the effect. Lack of IL15-receptor in hematopoietic cells or IL15 neutralization reduced the MDM2-inhibition/p53-induction-mediated antitumor immunity. P53 induction by MDM2-inhibition caused anti-melanoma immune memory as T cells isolated from MDM2-inhibitor-treated melanoma-bearing mice exhibited anti-melanoma activity in secondary melanoma-bearing mice. In patient-derived melanoma cells p53 induction by MDM2-inhibition increased IL15 and MHC-II. IL15 and CIITA expressions were associated with a more favorable prognosis in patients bearing WT but not TP53-mutated melanoma. IMPLICATIONS MDM2-inhibition represents a novel strategy to enhance IL15 and MHC-II-production, which disrupts the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. On the basis of our findings, a clinical trial combining MDM2-inhibition with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Langenbach
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Giesler
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Richtsfeld
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Costa-Pereira
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Rindlisbacher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Wertheimer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas M. Braun
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine M. Woessner
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Sanaz Taromi
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Börries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Germany
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susana Minguet
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg
| | - Patrick Turko
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I - Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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210
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Basak D, Mondal S, Srivastava SK, Sarkar D, Sarkar I, Basu S, Bhoumik A, Chowdhury S, Pal DK, Chatterjee S. Intratumoral PD1 +CD38 +Tim3 + CD8 + T Cells in Pre-BCG Tumor Tissues Are Associated with Poor Responsiveness to BCG Immunotherapy in Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1939. [PMID: 37566017 PMCID: PMC10416886 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a standard of care therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which accounts for about 75% of newly diagnosed urothelial cancer. However, given the frequent recurrence and progression, identification of a pre-treatment biomarker capable of predicting responsiveness to BCG in NMIBC is of utmost importance. Herein, using multiparametric flow cytometry, we characterized CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood and tumor tissues collected from 27 pre-BCG patients bearing NMIBC to obtain immune correlates of bladder cancer prognosis and responsiveness to BCG therapy. We observed that intratumoral CD8+ T cell subsets were highly heterogenous in terms of their differentiation state and exist at different proportions in tumor tissues. Remarkably, among the different CD8+ T cell subsets present in the tumor tissues, the frequency of the terminally exhausted-like CD8+ T cell subset, marked as PD1+CD38+Tim3+ CD8+ T cells, was inversely correlated with a favorable outcome for patients and a responsiveness to BCG therapy. Moreover, we also noted that the intratumoral abundance of the progenitor exhausted-like PD1+CD8+ T cell subset in pre-BCG NMIBC tumor tissues was indicative of better recurrence-free survival after BCG. Collectively, our study led to the identification of biomarkers that can predict the therapeutic responsiveness of BCG in NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Basak
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Soumya Mondal
- Department of Urology, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata 700020, India
| | | | - Deborpita Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ishita Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sukanya Basu
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arpita Bhoumik
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Snehanshu Chowdhury
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata 700020, India
| | - Shilpak Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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211
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Micevic G, Daniels A, Flem-Karlsen K, Park K, Talty R, McGeary M, Mirza H, Blackburn HN, Sefik E, Cheung JF, Hornick NI, Aizenbud L, Joshi NS, Kluger H, Iwasaki A, Bosenberg MW, Flavell RA. IL-7R licenses a population of epigenetically poised memory CD8 + T cells with superior antitumor efficacy that are critical for melanoma memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304319120. [PMID: 37459511 PMCID: PMC10372654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304319120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of advanced melanoma after therapy is a major risk factor for reduced survival, and treatment options are limited. Antitumor immune memory plays a critical role in preventing melanoma recurrence and memory T cells could be a potent cell-based therapy, but the identity, and functional properties of the required immune cells are incompletely understood. Here, we show that an IL-7Rhi tumor-specific CD8+ population is critical for antitumor memory and can be epigenetically augmented to drive powerful antitumor immune responses. Using a model of functional antimelanoma memory, we found that high IL-7R expression selectively marks a CD8+ population in lymphoid organs that plays critical roles in maintaining tumor remission after immunotherapy or surgical resection. This population has intrinsic cytotoxic activity, lacks markers of exhaustion and has superior antitumor efficacy. IL-7Rhi cells have a functionally poised epigenetic landscape regulated by DNA methylation, which can be augmented by hypomethylating agents to confer improved survival and complete melanoma clearance in naive mice. Importantly, greater than 95% of tumor-specific T cells in draining lymph nodes after therapy express high levels of IL-7R. This overlap between IL-7Rhi and antigen-specific T cells allows for enrichment of a potent functional CD8+ population without determining antigen-specificity, which we demonstrate in a melanoma model without a known antigen. We identify that IL-7R expression in human melanoma is an independent prognostic factor of improved survival. These findings advance our basic understanding of antitumor memory and suggest a cell-based therapy using high IL-7R expression to enrich for a lymph node population with superior antitumor activity that can be augmented by hypomethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Micevic
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Andrew Daniels
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | | | - Koonam Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Ronan Talty
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Meaghan McGeary
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Haris Mirza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Holly N. Blackburn
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Julie F. Cheung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Noah I. Hornick
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Lilach Aizenbud
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Nikhil S. Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Marcus W. Bosenberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Center for Immuno-Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD20815
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212
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He A, Li X, Dai Z, Li Q, Zhang Y, Ding M, Wen ZF, Mou Y, Dong H. Nanovaccine-based strategies for lymph node targeted delivery and imaging in tumor immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:236. [PMID: 37482608 PMCID: PMC10364424 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic tumor vaccines have attracted considerable attention in the past decade; they can induce tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting immune memory and avoid non-specific and adverse side effects. However, the challenge in the field of therapeutic tumor vaccines is ensuring the delivery of immune components to the lymph nodes (LNs) to activate immune cells. The clinical response rate of traditional therapeutic tumor vaccines falls short of expectations due to inadequate lymph node delivery. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, a large number of nanoplatform-based LN-targeting nanovaccines have been exploited for optimizing tumor immunotherapies. In addition, some nanovaccines possess non-invasive visualization performance, which is benefit for understanding the kinetics of nanovaccine exposure in LNs. Herein, we present the parameters of nanoplatforms, such as size, surface modification, shape, and deformability, which affect the LN-targeting functions of nanovaccines. The recent advances in nanoplatforms with different components promoting LN-targeting are also summarized. Furthermore, emerging LNs-targeting nanoplatform-mediated imaging strategies to both improve targeting performance and enhance the quality of LN imaging are discussed. Finally, we summarize the prospects and challenges of nanoplatform-based LN-targeting and /or imaging strategies, which optimize the clinical efficacy of nanovaccines in tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao He
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhuo Dai
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhi-Fa Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Heng Dong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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213
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Damei I, Trickovic T, Mami-Chouaib F, Corgnac S. Tumor-resident memory T cells as a biomarker of the response to cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205984. [PMID: 37545498 PMCID: PMC10399960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) often include a substantial subset of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells enriched in tumor-specific T cells. These TRM cells play a major role in antitumor immune response. They are identified on the basis of their expression of the CD103 (αE(CD103)β7) and/or CD49a (α1(CD49a)β1) integrins, and the C-type lectin CD69, which are involved in tissue residency. TRM cells express several T-cell inhibitory receptors on their surface but they nevertheless react strongly to malignant cells, exerting a strong cytotoxic function, particularly in the context of blocking interactions of PD-1 with PD-L1 on target cells. These TRM cells form stable conjugates with autologous tumor cells and interact with dendritic cells and other T cells within the tumor microenvironment to orchestrate an optimal in situ T-cell response. There is growing evidence to indicate that TGF-β is essential for the formation and maintenance of TRM cells in the tumor, through the induction of CD103 expression on activated CD8+ T cells, and for the regulation of TRM effector functions through bidirectional integrin signaling. CD8+ TRM cells were initially described as a prognostic marker for survival in patients with various types of cancer, including ovarian, lung and breast cancers and melanoma. More recently, these tumor-resident CD8+ T cells have been shown to be a potent predictive biomarker of the response of cancer patients to immunotherapies, including therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we will highlight the major characteristics of tumor TRM cell populations and the possibilities for their exploitation in the design of more effective immunotherapy strategies for cancer.
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214
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Li X, Korkut A. Recurrent composite markers of cell types and states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549344. [PMID: 37503180 PMCID: PMC10370072 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Determining concise sets of genomic markers that identify cell types and states within tissue ecosystems remains challenging. To address this challenge, we developed Recurrent Composite Markers for Biological Identities with Neighborhood Enrichment (RECOMBINE). Validations of RECOMBINE with simulation and transcriptomics data in bulk, single-cell and spatial resolutions demonstrated the method's ability for unbiased selection of composite markers that characterize biological subpopulations. RECOMBINE captured markers of mouse visual cortex from single-cell RNA sequencing data and provided a gene panel for targeted spatial transcriptomics profiling. RECOMBINE identified composite markers of CD8 T cell states including GZMK + HAVCR2 - effector memory cells associated with anti-PD1 therapy response. The method outperformed differential gene expression analysis in characterizing a rare cell subpopulation within mouse intestine. Using RECOMBINE, we uncovered hierarchical gene programs of inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity in breast and skin tumors. In conclusion, RECOMBINE offers a data-driven approach for unbiased selection of composite markers, resulting in improved interpretation, discovery, and validation of cell types and states.
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215
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Zheng Z, Wieder T, Mauerer B, Schäfer L, Kesselring R, Braumüller H. T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Unravelling the Function of Different T Cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11673. [PMID: 37511431 PMCID: PMC10380781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are very limited, and the prognosis using combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic drug and a targeted agent, e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor or tyrosine kinase, remains poor. Therefore, mCRC is associated with a poor median overall survival (mOS) of only 25-30 months. Current immunotherapies with checkpoint inhibitor blockade (ICB) have led to a substantial change in the treatment of several cancers, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. In CRC, ICB has only limited effects, except in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors, which comprise about 15% of sporadic CRC patients and about 4% of patients with metastatic CRC. The vast majority of sporadic CRCs are microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors with low levels of infiltrating immune cells, in which immunotherapy has no clinical benefit so far. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors requires the presence of infiltrating T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). This makes T cells the most important effector cells in the TME, as evidenced by the establishment of the immunoscore-a method to estimate the prognosis of CRC patients. The microenvironment of a tumor contains several types of T cells that are anti-tumorigenic, such as CD8+ T cells or pro-tumorigenic, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells. However, even CD8+ T cells show marked heterogeneity, e.g., they can become exhausted, enter a state of hyporesponsiveness or become dysfunctional and express high levels of checkpoint molecules, the targets for ICB. To kill cancer cells, CD8+ T cells need the recognition of the MHC class I, which is often downregulated on colorectal cancer cells. In this case, a population of unconventional T cells with a γδ T cell receptor can overcome the limitations of the conventional CD8+ T cells with an αβT cell receptor. γδ T cells recognize antigens in an MHC-independent manner, thus acting as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we discuss the effects of different T cell subsets in colorectal cancer with a special emphasis on γδ T cells and the possibility of using them in CAR-T cell therapy. We explain T cell exclusion in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer and the possibilities to overcome this exclusion to enable immunotherapy even in these "cold" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zheng
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schäfer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heidi Braumüller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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216
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Pichler AC, Carrié N, Cuisinier M, Ghazali S, Voisin A, Axisa PP, Tosolini M, Mazzotti C, Golec DP, Maheo S, do Souto L, Ekren R, Blanquart E, Lemaitre L, Feliu V, Joubert MV, Cannons JL, Guillerey C, Avet-Loiseau H, Watts TH, Salomon BL, Joffre O, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Schwartzberg PL, Lucca LE, Martinet L. TCR-independent CD137 (4-1BB) signaling promotes CD8 +-exhausted T cell proliferation and terminal differentiation. Immunity 2023; 56:1631-1648.e10. [PMID: 37392737 PMCID: PMC10649891 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB)-activating receptor represents a promising cancer immunotherapeutic target. Yet, the cellular program driven by CD137 and its role in cancer immune surveillance remain unresolved. Using T cell-specific deletion and agonist antibodies, we found that CD137 modulates tumor infiltration of CD8+-exhausted T (Tex) cells expressing PD1, Lag-3, and Tim-3 inhibitory receptors. T cell-intrinsic, TCR-independent CD137 signaling stimulated the proliferation and the terminal differentiation of Tex precursor cells through a mechanism involving the RelA and cRel canonical NF-κB subunits and Tox-dependent chromatin remodeling. While Tex cell accumulation induced by prophylactic CD137 agonists favored tumor growth, anti-PD1 efficacy was improved with subsequent CD137 stimulation in pre-clinical mouse models. Better understanding of T cell exhaustion has crucial implications for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Our results identify CD137 as a critical regulator of Tex cell expansion and differentiation that holds potential for broad therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Pichler
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadège Carrié
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Cuisinier
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Samira Ghazali
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Allison Voisin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Labex DEVweCAN, INSERM, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Mazzotti
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Maheo
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura do Souto
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Rüçhan Ekren
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Blanquart
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Lea Lemaitre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Feliu
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Véronique Joubert
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jennifer L Cannons
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camille Guillerey
- Cancer Immunotherapies Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Benoit L Salomon
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Joffre
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Labex DEVweCAN, INSERM, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Cell Signaling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liliana E Lucca
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Ludovic Martinet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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217
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Zhang Z, Chen H, Yan D, Chen L, Sun J, Zhou M. Deep learning identifies a T-cell exhaustion-dependent transcriptional signature for predicting clinical outcomes and response to immune checkpoint blockade. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:37. [PMID: 37433793 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have brought unprecedented advances in cancer treatment, but responses are limited to a fraction of patients. Therefore, sustained and substantial efforts are required to advance clinical and translational investigation on managing patients receiving ICB. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in molecular profiles of T-cell exhaustion (TEX) during ICB treatment using single-cell and bulk transcriptome analysis, and demonstrated distinct exhaustion molecular profiles associated with ICB response. By applying an ensemble deep-learning computational framework, we identified an ICB-associated transcriptional signature consisting of 16 TEX-related genes, termed ITGs. Incorporating 16 ITGs into a machine-learning model called MLTIP achieved reliable predictive power for clinical ICB response with an average AUC of 0.778, and overall survival (pooled HR = 0.093, 95% CI, 0.031-0.28, P < 0.001) across multiple ICB-treated cohorts. Furthermore, the MLTIP consistently demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to other well-established markers and signatures, with an average increase in AUC of 21.5%. In summary, our results highlight the potential of this TEX-dependent transcriptional signature as a tool for precise patient stratification and personalized immunotherapy, with clinical translation in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongxue Yan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
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218
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Apollonio B, Spada F, Petrov N, Cozzetto D, Papazoglou D, Jarvis P, Kannambath S, Terranova-Barberio M, Amini RM, Enblad G, Graham C, Benjamin R, Phillips E, Ellis R, Nuamah R, Saqi M, Calado DP, Rosenquist R, Sutton LA, Salisbury J, Zacharioudakis G, Vardi A, Hagner PR, Gandhi AK, Bacac M, Claus C, Umana P, Jarrett RF, Klein C, Deutsch A, Ramsay AG. Tumor-activated lymph node fibroblasts suppress T cell function in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166070. [PMID: 37219943 PMCID: PMC10313378 DOI: 10.1172/jci166070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent transcriptomic-based analysis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has highlighted the clinical relevance of LN fibroblast and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) signatures within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the immunomodulatory role of fibroblasts in lymphoma remains unclear. Here, by studying human and mouse DLBCL-LNs, we identified the presence of an aberrantly remodeled fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network expressing elevated fibroblast-activated protein (FAP). RNA-Seq analyses revealed that exposure to DLBCL reprogrammed key immunoregulatory pathways in FRCs, including a switch from homeostatic to inflammatory chemokine expression and elevated antigen-presentation molecules. Functional assays showed that DLBCL-activated FRCs (DLBCL-FRCs) hindered optimal TIL and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell migration. Moreover, DLBCL-FRCs inhibited CD8+ TIL cytotoxicity in an antigen-specific manner. Notably, the interrogation of patient LNs with imaging mass cytometry identified distinct environments differing in their CD8+ TIL-FRC composition and spatial organization that associated with survival outcomes. We further demonstrated the potential to target inhibitory FRCs to rejuvenate interacting TILs. Cotreating organotypic cultures with FAP-targeted immunostimulatory drugs and a bispecific antibody (glofitamab) augmented antilymphoma TIL cytotoxicity. Our study reveals an immunosuppressive role of FRCs in DLBCL, with implications for immune evasion, disease pathogenesis, and optimizing immunotherapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Apollonio
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Domenico Cozzetto
- BRC Translational Bioinformatics at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despoina Papazoglou
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jarvis
- 5th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- BRC Genomics Research Platform at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Graham
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben Benjamin
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosamond Nuamah
- BRC Genomics Research Platform at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mansoor Saqi
- BRC Translational Bioinformatics at Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dinis P. Calado
- Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lesley A. Sutton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Salisbury
- Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Vardi
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ruth F. Jarrett
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alan G. Ramsay
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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219
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Abdel-Hafiz HA, Schafer JM, Chen X, Xiao T, Gauntner TD, Li Z, Theodorescu D. Y chromosome loss in cancer drives growth by evasion of adaptive immunity. Nature 2023; 619:624-631. [PMID: 37344596 PMCID: PMC10975863 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) is observed in multiple cancer types, including 10-40% of bladder cancers1-6, but its clinical and biological significance is unknown. Here, using genomic and transcriptomic studies, we report that LOY correlates with poor prognoses in patients with bladder cancer. We performed in-depth studies of naturally occurring LOY mutant bladder cancer cells as well as those with targeted deletion of Y chromosome by CRISPR-Cas9. Y-positive (Y+) and Y-negative (Y-) tumours grew similarly in vitro, whereas Y- tumours were more aggressive than Y+ tumours in immune-competent hosts in a T cell-dependent manner. High-dimensional flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that Y- tumours promote striking dysfunction or exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in the tumour microenvironment. These findings were validated using single-nuclei RNA sequencing and spatial proteomic evaluation of human bladder cancers. Of note, compared with Y+ tumours, Y- tumours exhibited an increased response to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy in both mice and patients with cancer. Together, these results demonstrate that cancer cells with LOY mutations alter T cell function, promoting T cell exhaustion and sensitizing them to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. This work provides insights into the basic biology of LOY mutation and potential biomarkers for improving cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna M Schafer
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Oro Valley, AZ, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy D Gauntner
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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220
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Anderson ND, Birch J, Accogli T, Criado I, Khabirova E, Parks C, Wood Y, Young MD, Porter T, Richardson R, Albon SJ, Popova B, Lopes A, Wynn R, Hough R, Gohil SH, Pule M, Amrolia PJ, Behjati S, Ghorashian S. Transcriptional signatures associated with persisting CD19 CAR-T cells in children with leukemia. Nat Med 2023; 29:1700-1709. [PMID: 37407840 PMCID: PMC10353931 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the context of relapsed and refractory childhood pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL), CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells often induce durable remissions, which requires the persistence of CAR-T cells. In this study, we systematically analyzed CD19 CAR-T cells of 10 children with R/R B-ALL enrolled in the CARPALL trial via high-throughput single-cell gene expression and T cell receptor sequencing of infusion products and serial blood and bone marrow samples up to 5 years after infusion. We show that long-lived CAR-T cells developed a CD4/CD8 double-negative phenotype with an exhausted-like memory state and distinct transcriptional signature. This persistence signature was dominant among circulating CAR-T cells in all children with a long-lived treatment response for which sequencing data were sufficient (4/4, 100%). The signature was also present across T cell subsets and clonotypes, indicating that persisting CAR-T cells converge transcriptionally. This persistence signature was also detected in two adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with decade-long remissions who received a different CD19 CAR-T cell product. Examination of single T cell transcriptomes from a wide range of healthy and diseased tissues across children and adults indicated that the persistence signature may be specific to long-lived CAR-T cells. These findings raise the possibility that a universal transcriptional signature of clinically effective, persistent CD19 CAR-T cells exists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Birch
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Theo Accogli
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Criado
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Richardson
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Albon
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Bilyana Popova
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Andre Lopes
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Robert Wynn
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachael Hough
- Children and Young People's Cancer Service, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Satyen H Gohil
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Martin Pule
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Persis J Amrolia
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sara Ghorashian
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
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221
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Lee MH, Theodoropoulos J, Huuhtanen J, Bhattacharya D, Järvinen P, Tornberg S, Nísen H, Mirtti T, Uski I, Kumari A, Peltonen K, Draghi A, Donia M, Kreutzman A, Mustjoki S. Immunologic Characterization and T cell Receptor Repertoires of Expanded Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1260-1276. [PMID: 37484198 PMCID: PMC10361538 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The successful use of expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in adoptive TIL therapies has been reported, but the effects of the TIL expansion, immunophenotype, function, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the infused products relative to the tumor microenvironment (TME) are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the tumor samples (n = 58) from treatment-naïve patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), "pre-rapidly expanded" TILs (pre-REP TIL, n = 15) and "rapidly expanded" TILs (REP TIL, n = 25) according to a clinical-grade TIL production protocol, with single-cell RNA (scRNA)+TCRαβ-seq (TCRαβ sequencing), TCRβ-sequencing (TCRβ-seq), and flow cytometry. REP TILs encompassed a greater abundance of CD4+ than CD8+ T cells, with increased LAG-3 and low PD-1 expressions in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments compared with the pre-REP TIL and tumor T cells. The REP protocol preferentially expanded small clones of the CD4+ phenotype (CD4, IL7R, KLRB1) in the TME, indicating that the largest exhausted T cell clones in the tumor do not expand during the expansion protocol. In addition, by generating a catalog of RCC-associated TCR motifs from >1,000 scRNA+TCRαβ-seq and TCRβ-seq RCC, healthy and other cancer sample cohorts, we quantified the RCC-associated TCRs from the expansion protocol. Unlike the low-remaining amount of anti-viral TCRs throughout the expansion, the quantity of the RCC-associated TCRs was high in the tumors and pre-REP TILs but decreased in the REP TILs. Our results provide an in-depth understanding of the origin, phenotype, and TCR specificity of RCC TIL products, paving the way for a more rationalized production of TILs. Significance TILs are a heterogenous group of immune cells that recognize and attack the tumor, thus are utilized in various clinical trials. In our study, we explored the TILs in patients with kidney cancer by expanding the TILs using a clinical-grade protocol, as well as observed their characteristics and ability to recognize the tumor using in-depth experimental and computational tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hee Lee
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason Theodoropoulos
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Huuhtanen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Dipabarna Bhattacharya
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petrus Järvinen
- Abdominal Center, Urology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Tornberg
- Abdominal Center, Urology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Nísen
- Abdominal Center, Urology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ilona Uski
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Kumari
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karita Peltonen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna Kreutzman
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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222
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Pillai R, LeBoeuf SE, Hao Y, New C, Blum JLE, Rashidfarrokhi A, Huang SM, Bahamon C, Wu WL, Karadal-Ferrena B, Herrera A, Ivanova E, Cross M, Bossowski JP, Ding H, Hayashi M, Rajalingam S, Karakousi T, Sayin VI, Khanna KM, Wong KK, Wild R, Tsirigos A, Poirier JT, Rudin CM, Davidson SM, Koralov SB, Papagiannakopoulos T. Glutamine antagonist DRP-104 suppresses tumor growth and enhances response to checkpoint blockade in KEAP1 mutant lung cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546750. [PMID: 37425844 PMCID: PMC10327154 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1 frequently occur in lung cancer and are associated with resistance to standard of care treatment, highlighting the need for the development of targeted therapies. We have previously shown that KEAP1 mutant tumors have increased glutamine consumption to support the metabolic rewiring associated with NRF2 activation. Here, using patient-derived xenograft models and antigenic orthotopic lung cancer models, we show that the novel glutamine antagonist DRP-104 impairs the growth of KEAP1 mutant tumors. We find that DRP-104 suppresses KEAP1 mutant tumor growth by inhibiting glutamine-dependent nucleotide synthesis and promoting anti-tumor CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. Using multimodal single-cell sequencing and ex vivo functional assays, we discover that DRP-104 reverses T cell exhaustion and enhances the function of CD4 and CD8 T cells culminating in an improved response to anti-PD1 therapy. Our pre-clinical findings provide compelling evidence that DRP-104, currently in phase 1 clinical trials, offers a promising therapeutic approach for treating patients with KEAP1 mutant lung cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by combining DRP-104 with checkpoint inhibition, we can achieve suppression of tumor intrinsic metabolism and augmentation of anti-tumor T cell responses.
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223
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Zhang T, Li W, Diwu D, Chen L, Chen X, Wang H. Efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in treating patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197044. [PMID: 37435087 PMCID: PMC10331819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite numerous immunotherapy and chemotherapy regimens available for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), it remains unclear which regimen is the most effective and safest; relative studies comparing such regimens are scarce. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy combinations with chemotherapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. In addition, for the first time, comparisons among the first-line systemic regimens on OS and PFS in ES-SCLC by each time node were made. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholars, and ClinicalTrials.gov, and major international conferences were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding comparing immunotherapy combinations with chemotherapy as first-line treatments for patients with advanced ES-SCLC from inception to 1 November. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were generated for dichotomous variants by RStudio 4.2.1. The outcomes comprised overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events of grade 3 or higher (Grade ≥ 3 AEs). Results Eventually, a total of nine RCTs reporting 4,352 individuals with nine regimens were enrolled. The regimens were ipilimumabnu (Ipi), atezolizumab (Atez), durvalumab plus tremelimumab (Durv-Trem), durvalumab (Durv), pembrolizumab (Pemb), adebrelimab (Adeb), serplulimab (Serp), atezolizumab plus tiragolumab (Atez-Tira), and nivolumab (Nivo). With regard to OS, serplulimab (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.81) was found to yield the best OS benefit when compared with chemotherapy. Meanwhile, serplulimab had the highest probability (46.11%) for better OS. Furthermore, compared with chemotherapy, serplulimab significantly increased the OS rate from the 6th to the 21st month. With regard to PFS, serplulimab (HR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.59) was found to yield the best PFS benefit when compared with chemotherapy. Simultaneously, serplulimab had the highest probability (94.48%) for better PFS. Serplulimab was also a long-lasting first-line regimen in both OS and PFS from a longitudinal perspective. In addition, there was no significant difference among the various treatment options for ORR and grade ≥3 AEs. Conclusion Considering OS, PFS, ORR, and safety profiles, serplulimab with chemotherapy should be recommended as the best therapy for patients with ES-SCLC. Certainly, more head-to-head studies are needed to confirm these findings. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022373291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Danbei Diwu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Health, Brooks College (Sunnyvale), Sunnyvale, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Lee J, Lee K, Bae H, Lee K, Lee S, Ma J, Jo K, Kim I, Jee B, Kang M, Im SJ. IL-15 promotes self-renewal of progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells during persistent antigenic stimulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117092. [PMID: 37409128 PMCID: PMC10319055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic infections and cancer, exhausted CD8 T cells exhibit heterogeneous subpopulations. TCF1+PD-1+ progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells (Tpex) can self-renew and give rise to Tim-3+PD-1+ terminally differentiated CD8 T cells that retain their effector functions. Tpex cells are thus essential to maintaining a pool of antigen-specific CD8 T cells during persistent antigenic stimulation, and only they respond to PD-1-targeted therapy. Despite their potential as a crucial therapeutic target for immune interventions, the mechanisms controlling the maintenance of virus-specific Tpex cells remain to be determined. We observed approximately 10-fold fewer Tpex cells in the spleens of mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) one-year post-infection (p.i.) than at three months p.i. Similar to memory CD8 T cells, Tpex cells have been found to undergo self-renewal in the lymphoid organs, prominently the bone marrow, during chronic LCMV infection. Furthermore, ex vivo treatment with IL-15 preferentially induced the proliferation of Tpex cells rather than the terminally differentiated subsets. Interestingly, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of LCMV-specific exhausted CD8 T cells after ex vivo IL-15 treatment compared with those before treatment revealed increased expression of ribosome-related genes and decreased expression of genes associated with the TCR signaling pathway and apoptosis in both Tpex and Ttex subsets. The exogenous administration of IL-15 to chronically LCMV-infected mice also significantly increased self-renewal of Tpex cells in the spleen and bone marrow. In addition, we assessed the responsiveness of CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from renal cell carcinoma patients to IL-15. Similar to the data we obtained from chronic viral infection in mice, the expansion of the Tpex subset of PD-1+ CD8 TILs upon ex vivo IL-15 treatment was significantly higher than that of the terminally differentiated subset. These results show that IL-15 could promote self-renewal of Tpex cells, which has important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Bae
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhee Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Solhwi Lee
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhui Ma
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjo Jo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ijun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - ByulA Jee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Im
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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225
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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226
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Tian W, Qin G, Jia M, Li W, Cai W, Wang H, Zhao Y, Bao X, Wei W, Zhang Y, Shao Q. Hierarchical transcriptional network governing heterogeneous T cell exhaustion and its implications for immune checkpoint blockade. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198551. [PMID: 37398674 PMCID: PMC10311999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fundamental principle of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is to protect tumor-infiltrating T cells from being exhausted. Despite the remarkable success achieved by ICB treatment, only a small group of patients benefit from it. Characterized by a hypofunctional state with the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, exhausted T (Tex) cells are a major obstacle in improving ICB. T cell exhaustion is a progressive process which adapts to persistent antigen stimulation in chronic infections and cancers. In this review, we elucidate the heterogeneity of Tex cells and offer new insights into the hierarchical transcriptional regulation of T cell exhaustion. Factors and signaling pathways that induce and promote exhaustion are also summarized. Moreover, we review the epigenetic and metabolic alterations of Tex cells and discuss how PD-1 signaling affects the balance between T cell activation and exhaustion, aiming to provide more therapeutic targets for applications of combinational immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaofeng Qin
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Cai
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangjing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangzhi Wei
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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227
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Guan Q, Han M, Guo Q, Yan F, Wang M, Ning Q, Xi D. Strategies to reinvigorate exhausted CD8 + T cells in tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1204363. [PMID: 37398660 PMCID: PMC10311918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1204363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell exhaustion is a stable dysfunctional state driven by chronic antigen stimulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Differentiation of exhausted CD8+ T cells (CD8+ TEXs) is accompanied by extensive transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. CD8+ TEXs are mainly characterized by impaired proliferative and cytotoxic capacity as well as the increased expression of multiple co-inhibitory receptors. Preclinical tumor studies and clinical cohorts have demonstrated that T cell exhaustion is firmly associated with poor clinical outcomes in a variety of cancers. More importantly, CD8+ TEXs are regarded as the main responder to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, to date, a large number of cancer patients have failed to achieve durable responses after ICB. Therefore, improving CD8+ TEXs may be a breakthrough point to reverse the current dilemma of cancer immunotherapy and eliminate cancers. Strategies to reinvigorate CD8+ TEXs in TME mainly include ICB, transcription factor-based therapy, epigenetic therapy, metabolism-based therapy and cytokine therapy, which target on different aspects of exhaustion progression. Each of them has its advantages and application scope. In this review, we mainly focus on the major advances of current strategies to reinvigorate CD8+ TEXs in TME. We summarize their efficacy and mechanisms, identify the promising monotherapy and combined therapy and propose suggestions to enhance the treatment efficacy to significantly boost anti-tumor immunity and achieve better clinical outcomes.
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228
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Bayerl F, Meiser P, Donakonda S, Hirschberger A, Lacher SB, Pedde AM, Hermann CD, Elewaut A, Knolle M, Ramsauer L, Rudolph TJ, Grassmann S, Öllinger R, Kirchhammer N, Trefny M, Anton M, Wohlleber D, Höchst B, Zaremba A, Krüger A, Rad R, Obenauf AC, Schadendorf D, Zippelius A, Buchholz VR, Schraml BU, Böttcher JP. Tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 programs cDC1 dysfunction to impair intratumoral orchestration of anti-cancer T cell responses. Immunity 2023; 56:1341-1358.e11. [PMID: 37315536 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are critical for anti-cancer immunity. Protective anti-cancer immunity is thought to require cDC1s to sustain T cell responses within tumors, but it is poorly understood how this function is regulated and whether its subversion contributes to immune evasion. Here, we show that tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) programmed a dysfunctional state in intratumoral cDC1s, disabling their ability to locally orchestrate anti-cancer CD8+ T cell responses. Mechanistically, cAMP signaling downstream of the PGE2-receptors EP2 and EP4 was responsible for the programming of cDC1 dysfunction, which depended on the loss of the transcription factor IRF8. Blockade of the PGE2-EP2/EP4-cDC1 axis prevented cDC1 dysfunction in tumors, locally reinvigorated anti-cancer CD8+ T cell responses, and achieved cancer immune control. In human cDC1s, PGE2-induced dysfunction is conserved and associated with poor cancer patient prognosis. Our findings reveal a cDC1-dependent intratumoral checkpoint for anti-cancer immunity that is targeted by PGE2 for immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bayerl
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippa Meiser
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sainitin Donakonda
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Hirschberger
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Lacher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Marie Pedde
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris D Hermann
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anais Elewaut
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz Knolle
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Healthcare, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Ramsauer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas J Rudolph
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Kirchhammer
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Trefny
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Anton
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Höchst
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Zaremba
- Department for Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Achim Krüger
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna C Obenauf
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department for Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara U Schraml
- Walter-Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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229
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Baxter AE, Huang H, Giles JR, Chen Z, Wu JE, Drury S, Dalton K, Park SL, Torres L, Simone BW, Klapholz M, Ngiow SF, Freilich E, Manne S, Alcalde V, Ekshyyan V, Berger SL, Shi J, Jordan MS, Wherry EJ. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes BAF and PBAF differentially regulate epigenetic transitions in exhausted CD8 + T cells. Immunity 2023; 56:1320-1340.e10. [PMID: 37315535 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell exhaustion (Tex) limits disease control during chronic viral infections and cancer. Here, we investigated the epigenetic factors mediating major chromatin-remodeling events in Tex-cell development. A protein-domain-focused in vivo CRISPR screen identified distinct functions for two versions of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex in Tex-cell differentiation. Depletion of the canonical SWI/SNF form, BAF, impaired initial CD8+ T cell responses in acute and chronic infection. In contrast, disruption of PBAF enhanced Tex-cell proliferation and survival. Mechanistically, PBAF regulated the epigenetic and transcriptional transition from TCF-1+ progenitor Tex cells to more differentiated TCF-1- Tex subsets. Whereas PBAF acted to preserve Tex progenitor biology, BAF was required to generate effector-like Tex cells, suggesting that the balance of these factors coordinates Tex-cell subset differentiation. Targeting PBAF improved tumor control both alone and in combination with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Thus, PBAF may present a therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney Drury
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine Dalton
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simone L Park
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leonel Torres
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brandon W Simone
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Max Klapholz
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Freilich
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victor Alcalde
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Viktoriya Ekshyyan
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Martha S Jordan
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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230
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Gavil NV, Scott MC, Weyu E, Smith OC, O’Flanagan SD, Wijeyesinghe S, Lotfi-Emran S, Shiao SL, Vezys V, Masopust D. Chronic antigen in solid tumors drives a distinct program of T cell residence. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd5976. [PMID: 37267383 PMCID: PMC10569081 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add5976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of healthy tissue reveal signatures that identify resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM), which survey tissues without recirculating. The density of TRM phenotype cells within solid tumors correlates favorably with prognosis, suggesting that intratumoral residents control cancer. However, residence has not been directly tested, and intratumoral TRM phenotype cells could instead reflect aspects of the microenvironment that correlate with prognosis. Using a breast cancer model in mice, we found that conventional TRM markers do not inform the tumor residence of either bystander or tumor-specific cells, which exhibit further distinct phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment and healthy mammary tissue. Rather, tumor-specific, stem progenitor CD8+ T cells migrate to tumors and become resident while acquiring select markers of exhaustion. These data indicate that tonic antigen stimulation and the tumor environment drive distinct programs of residence compared with healthy tissues and that tumor immunity is sustained by continued migration of tumor-specific stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah V. Gavil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Milcah C. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eyob Weyu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Olivia C. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen D. O’Flanagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sahar Lotfi-Emran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen L. Shiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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231
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Ding J, Wang H, Hou R, Shi Y, Fan H, Li Y, Mei J, Zhang Q, Ruan T, Xu J. Total T Cell Density and Expression of T Memory Stem Cell Markers are Associated with Better Prognosis in Colon Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2285-2294. [PMID: 37304906 PMCID: PMC10254622 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s411122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved limited clinical effectiveness in colon cancer. Stem memory T cells (TSCMs) and in-situ cytotoxic T cells are dominant contributors to host immunity. Currently, data on the correlation between TSCM and T cell abundance and clinicopathological characteristics in colon cancer are largely unavailable. Methods In-situ cytotoxic T cells are identified based on the quantification of CD3+ and CD8+ markers using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the core of the tumor and the invasive margin of the tumor. The expression of representative markers of TSCMs, CD27 and CD95, was assayed using IHC in colon cancer tissues. Correlations between the levels of each marker and the clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognosis were evaluated. Results High densities of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells correlated with stage I-II tumors, whereas a lower infiltration of cytotoxic T cells correlated with advanced-stage tumors. CD27 and CD95 were both expressed in the membrane of T cells present in the tumor stroma and their levels showed a negative correlation with the TNM stage. CD3, CD8, and CD27 were expressed at the same locations simultaneously, indicating their coordinated action against cancer. In addition, cytotoxic T cell densities and CD27 and CD95 expression remained independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusion In-situ cytotoxic T cells and TSCMs play important roles in colon cancer development. TSCMs marker CD27 and CD95 were both indicators of survival in patients with colon cancer. Thus, it is believed that TSCMs represent a desirable population for future use in combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghong Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingyan Ruan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junying Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People’s Republic of China
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Tadepalli S, Clements DR, Saravanan S, Hornero RA, Lüdtke A, Blackmore B, Paulo JA, Gottfried-Blackmore A, Seong D, Park S, Chan L, Kopecky BJ, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Lavine KJ, Murphy JP, Mack M, Graves EE, Idoyaga J. Rapid recruitment and IFN-I-mediated activation of monocytes dictate focal radiotherapy efficacy. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd7446. [PMID: 37294749 PMCID: PMC10340791 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into immunosuppressive cells is associated with the low efficacy of preclinical nonconformal radiotherapy (RT) for tumors. However, nonconformal RT (non-CRT) does not mimic clinical practice, and little is known about the role of monocytes after RT modes used in patients, such as conformal RT (CRT). Here, we investigated the acute immune response induced by after CRT. Contrary to non-CRT approaches, we found that CRT induces a rapid and robust recruitment of monocytes to the tumor that minimally differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages or dendritic cells but instead up-regulate major histocompatibility complex II and costimulatory molecules. We found that these large numbers of infiltrating monocytes are responsible for activating effector polyfunctional CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that reduce tumor burden. Mechanistically, we show that monocyte-derived type I interferon is pivotal in promoting monocyte accumulation and immunostimulatory function in a positive feedback loop. We also demonstrate that monocyte accumulation in the tumor microenvironment is hindered when RT inadvertently affects healthy tissues, as occurs in non-CRT. Our results unravel the immunostimulatory function of monocytes during clinically relevant modes of RT and demonstrate that limiting the exposure of healthy tissues to radiation has a positive therapeutic effect on the overall antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Derek R. Clements
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sanjana Saravanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Anja Lüdtke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Beau Blackmore
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andres Gottfried-Blackmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - David Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Leslie Chan
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Kopecky
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Bâtiment de Médecine Moléculaire, Villejuif 94800, France
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Patrick Murphy
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Edward E. Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5101, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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233
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Magen A, Hamon P, Fiaschi N, Soong BY, Park MD, Mattiuz R, Humblin E, Troncoso L, D'souza D, Dawson T, Kim J, Hamel S, Buckup M, Chang C, Tabachnikova A, Schwartz H, Malissen N, Lavin Y, Soares-Schanoski A, Giotti B, Hegde S, Ioannou G, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Hennequin C, Le Berichel J, Zhao Z, Ward SC, Fiel I, Kou B, Dobosz M, Li L, Adler C, Ni M, Wei Y, Wang W, Atwal GS, Kundu K, Cygan KJ, Tsankov AM, Rahman A, Price C, Fernandez N, He J, Gupta NT, Kim-Schulze S, Gnjatic S, Kenigsberg E, Deering RP, Schwartz M, Marron TU, Thurston G, Kamphorst AO, Merad M. Intratumoral dendritic cell-CD4 + T helper cell niches enable CD8 + T cell differentiation following PD-1 blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Med 2023; 29:1389-1399. [PMID: 37322116 PMCID: PMC11027932 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite no apparent defects in T cell priming and recruitment to tumors, a large subset of T cell rich tumors fail to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We leveraged a neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 trial in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as additional samples collected from patients treated off-label, to explore correlates of response to ICB within T cell-rich tumors. We show that ICB response correlated with the clonal expansion of intratumoral CXCL13+CH25H+IL-21+PD-1+CD4+ T helper cells ("CXCL13+ TH") and Granzyme K+ PD-1+ effector-like CD8+ T cells, whereas terminally exhausted CD39hiTOXhiPD-1hiCD8+ T cells dominated in nonresponders. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones that expanded post-treatment were found in pretreatment biopsies. Notably, PD-1+TCF-1+ (Progenitor-exhausted) CD8+ T cells shared clones mainly with effector-like cells in responders or terminally exhausted cells in nonresponders, suggesting that local CD8+ T cell differentiation occurs upon ICB. We found that these Progenitor CD8+ T cells interact with CXCL13+ TH within cellular triads around dendritic cells enriched in maturation and regulatory molecules, or "mregDC". These results suggest that discrete intratumoral niches that include mregDC and CXCL13+ TH control the differentiation of tumor-specific Progenitor exhasuted CD8+ T cells following ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Magen
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pauline Hamon
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathalie Fiaschi
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Brian Y Soong
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Park
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphaël Mattiuz
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Etienne Humblin
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leanna Troncoso
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darwin D'souza
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Travis Dawson
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Kim
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Hamel
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Buckup
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christie Chang
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Tabachnikova
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hara Schwartz
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nausicaa Malissen
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonit Lavin
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra Soares-Schanoski
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruno Giotti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samarth Hegde
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Ioannou
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clotilde Hennequin
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Le Berichel
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- The Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen C Ward
- The Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Fiel
- The Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baijun Kou
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Michael Dobosz
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Lianjie Li
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Christina Adler
- Molecular Profiling & Data Science, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Molecular Profiling & Data Science, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Molecular Profiling & Data Science, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Molecular Profiling & Data Science, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Gurinder S Atwal
- Molecular Profiling & Data Science, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Kunal Kundu
- VI NEXT, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Kamil J Cygan
- VI NEXT, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Alexander M Tsankov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Namita T Gupta
- Molecular Profiling & Data Science, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ephraim Kenigsberg
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raquel P Deering
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Myron Schwartz
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas U Marron
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Department of Oncology & Angiogenesis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA.
| | - Alice O Kamphorst
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miriam Merad
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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234
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Li C, Zhang L, Jin Q, Jiang H, Wu C. CD39 (ENTPD1) in tumors: a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker. Biomark Med 2023; 17:563-576. [PMID: 37713234 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a regulator of the dynamic balance between immune-activated extracellular ATP and immunosuppressive adenosine, CD39 ectonucleotidase impairs the ability of immune cells to exert anticancer immunity and plays an important role in the immune escape of tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment. In addition, CD39 has been studied in cancer patients to evaluate the prognosis, the efficacy of immunotherapy (e.g., PD-1 blockade) and the prediction of recurrence. This article reviews the importance of CD39 in tumor immunology, summarizes the preclinical evidence on targeting CD39 to treat tumors and focuses on the potential of CD39 as a biomarker to evaluate the prognosis and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiqi Jin
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoyun Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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235
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Conarty JP, Wieland A. The Tumor-Specific Immune Landscape in HPV+ Head and Neck Cancer. Viruses 2023; 15:1296. [PMID: 37376596 DOI: 10.3390/v15061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agent of several anogenital cancers as well as head and neck cancers, with HPV+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) becoming a rapidly growing public health issue in the Western world. Due its viral etiology and potentially its subanatomical location, HPV+ HNSCC exhibits an immune microenvironment which is more inflamed and thus distinct from HPV-negative HNSCC. Notably, the antigenic landscape in most HPV+ HNSCC tumors extends beyond the classical HPV oncoproteins E6/7 and is extensively targeted by both the humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of HPV-specific immune responses in patients with HPV+ HNSCC. We highlight the localization, antigen specificity, and differentiation states of humoral and cellular immune responses, and discuss their similarities and differences. Finally, we review currently pursued immunotherapeutic treatment modalities that attempt to harness HPV-specific immune responses for improving clinical outcomes in patients with HPV+ HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Conarty
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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236
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Hui Z, Ren Y, Zhang D, Chen Y, Yu W, Cao J, Liu L, Wang T, Xiao S, Zheng L, Pu Y, Wei F, You J, Ren X. PD-1 blockade potentiates neoadjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC via increasing CD127 + and KLRG1 + CD8 T cells. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:48. [PMID: 37231145 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of PD-1 blockade with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has achieved unprecedented clinical success in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to NAC alone, but the underlying mechanisms by which PD-1 blockade augments the effects of chemotherapy remain incompletely elucidated. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on CD45+ immune cells isolated from surgically resected fresh tumors of seven NSCLC patients receiving NAC or neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and chemotherapy (NAPC). Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed on FFPE tissues before and after NAC or NAPC from 65 resectable NSCLC patients, and results were validated with GEO dataset. NAC resulted in an increase only of CD20+ B cells, whereas NAPC increased the infiltration of CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD127+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD8+CD127+ and CD8+KLRG1+ T cells. Synergistic increase in B and T cells promotes favorable therapeutic response after NAPC. Spatial distribution analysis discovered that CD8+ T cells and their CD127+ and KLRG1+ subsets were in closer proximity to CD4+ T/CD20+ B cells in NAPC versus NAC. GEO dataset validated that B-cell, CD4, memory, and effector CD8 signatures correlated with therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes. The addition of PD-1 blockade to NAC promoted anti-tumor immunity through T and B cells recruitment in the tumor microenvironment and induced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells skewed toward CD127+ and KLRG1+ phenotypes, which may be assisted by CD4+ T cells and B cells. Our comprehensive study identified key immune cell subsets exerting anti-tumor responses during PD-1 blockade therapy and that may be therapeutically targeted to improve upon existing immunotherapies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Hui
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yulin Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Shanshan Xiao
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Liuqing Zheng
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yue Pu
- Department of R&D, Hangzhou Repugene Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Jian You
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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237
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Du F, Yang LH, Liu J, Wang J, Fan L, Duangmano S, Liu H, Liu M, Wang J, Zhong X, Zhang Z, Wang F. The role of mitochondria in the resistance of melanoma to PD-1 inhibitors. J Transl Med 2023; 21:345. [PMID: 37221594 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common tumours and has the highest mortality rate of all types of skin cancers worldwide. Traditional and novel therapeutic approaches, including surgery, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have shown good efficacy in the treatment of melanoma. At present, the mainstay of treatment for melanoma is immunotherapy combined with other treatment strategies. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 inhibitors, are not particularly effective in the clinical treatment of patients with melanoma. Changes in mitochondrial function may affect the development of melanoma and the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors. To elucidate the role of mitochondria in the resistance of melanoma to PD-1 inhibitors, this review comprehensively summarises the role of mitochondria in the occurrence and development of melanoma, targets related to the function of mitochondria in melanoma cells and changes in mitochondrial function in different cells in melanoma resistant to PD-1 inhibitors. This review may help to develop therapeutic strategies for improving the clinical response rate of PD-1 inhibitors and prolonging the survival of patients by activating mitochondrial function in tumour and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Han Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianpeng Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwit Duangmano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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238
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Jani S, Church CD, Nghiem P. Insights into anti-tumor immunity via the polyomavirus shared across human Merkel cell carcinomas. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172913. [PMID: 37287968 PMCID: PMC10242112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and augmenting cancer-specific immunity is impeded by the fact that most tumors are driven by patient-specific mutations that encode unique antigenic epitopes. The shared antigens in virus-driven tumors can help overcome this limitation. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a particularly interesting tumor immunity model because (1) 80% of cases are driven by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins that must be continually expressed for tumor survival; (2) MCPyV oncoproteins are only ~400 amino acids in length and are essentially invariant between tumors; (3) MCPyV-specific T cell responses are robust and strongly linked to patient outcomes; (4) anti-MCPyV antibodies reliably increase with MCC recurrence, forming the basis of a standard clinical surveillance test; and (5) MCC has one of the highest response rates to PD-1 pathway blockade among all solid cancers. Leveraging these well-defined viral oncoproteins, a set of tools that includes over 20 peptide-MHC class I tetramers has been developed to facilitate the study of anti-tumor immunity across MCC patients. Additionally, the highly immunogenic nature of MCPyV oncoproteins forces MCC tumors to develop robust immune evasion mechanisms to survive. Indeed, several immune evasion mechanisms are active in MCC, including transcriptional downregulation of MHC expression by tumor cells and upregulation of inhibitory molecules including PD-L1 and immunosuppressive cytokines. About half of patients with advanced MCC do not persistently benefit from PD-1 pathway blockade. Herein, we (1) summarize the lessons learned from studying the anti-tumor T cell response to virus-positive MCC; (2) review immune evasion mechanisms in MCC; (3) review mechanisms of resistance to immune-based therapies in MCC and other cancers; and (4) discuss how recently developed tools can be used to address open questions in cancer immunotherapy. We believe detailed investigation of this model cancer will provide insight into tumor immunity that will likely also be applicable to more common cancers without shared tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Jani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Candice D. Church
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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239
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Naito Y, Koyama S, Masuhiro K, Hirai T, Uenami T, Inoue T, Osa A, Machiyama H, Watanabe G, Sax N, Villa J, Kinugasa-Katayama Y, Nojima S, Yaga M, Hosono Y, Okuzaki D, Satoh S, Tsuda T, Nakanishi Y, Suga Y, Morita T, Fukushima K, Nishide M, Shiroyama T, Miyake K, Iwahori K, Hirata H, Nagatomo I, Yano Y, Tamiya M, Kumagai T, Takemoto N, Inohara H, Yamasaki S, Yamashita K, Aoshi T, Akbay EA, Hosen N, Shintani Y, Takamatsu H, Mori M, Takeda Y, Kumanogoh A. Tumor-derived semaphorin 4A improves PD-1-blocking antibody efficacy by enhancing CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity and proliferation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0718. [PMID: 37205755 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have caused revolutionary changes in cancer treatment, but low response rates remain a challenge. Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) modulates the immune system through multiple mechanisms in mice, although the role of human Sema4A in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. This study demonstrates that histologically Sema4A-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) responded significantly better to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody than Sema4A-negative NSCLC. Intriguingly, SEMA4A expression in human NSCLC was mainly derived from tumor cells and was associated with T cell activation. Sema4A promoted cytotoxicity and proliferation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells without terminal exhaustion by enhancing mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and polyamine synthesis, which led to improved efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in murine models. Improved T cell activation by recombinant Sema4A was also confirmed using isolated tumor-infiltrating T cells from patients with cancer. Thus, Sema4A might be a promising therapeutic target and biomarker for predicting and promoting ICI efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Kashiwa,Chiba, and Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Masuhiro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirai
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uenami
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Osa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Machiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Kashiwa,Chiba, and Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nicolas Sax
- KOTAI Biotechnologies Inc., Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yumi Kinugasa-Katayama
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moto Yaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Hosono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, WPI, IFReC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI, IFReC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Satoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Morita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Fukushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI, IFReC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiroyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Miyake
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yano
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takemoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, WPI, IFReC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, RIMD, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Taiki Aoshi
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, WPI, IFReC, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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240
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Zhang J, Lei F, Tan H. The development of CD8 T-cell exhaustion heterogeneity and the therapeutic potentials in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166128. [PMID: 37275913 PMCID: PMC10232978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are essential lymphocytes with cytotoxic properties for antitumor immunotherapy. However, during chronic infection or tumorigenesis, these cells often become dysfunctional with a gradually depleted ability to release cytokines and the exhibition of reduced cytotoxicity, the state referred to as "T-cell exhaustion" (Tex). This unique state was characterized by the increasing expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors, and interventions targeting immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have been considered as a promising strategy to stimulate T-cell killing. Recent investigations have demonstrated that exhausted T cells not only display functional, metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic differences but also comprise a heterogeneous group of cells. In this review, we summarize the current findings on dynamic differentiation process during Tex heterogeneity development in cancer and chronic infection. We discuss how the responses to immunotherapy are determined by these distinct subsets and highlight prospective approaches for improving the efficacy of ICB therapy for cancer by leveraging the heterogeneity of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Lei
- Lab of Liver Disease, Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Lab of Liver Disease, Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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241
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Geels SN, Moshensky A, Sousa RS, Walker BL, Singh R, Gutierrez G, Hwang M, Mempel TR, Nie Q, Othy S, Marangoni F. Interruption of the Intratumor CD8:Treg Crosstalk Improves the Efficacy of PD-1 Immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.15.540889. [PMID: 37292782 PMCID: PMC10245792 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.540889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PD-1 blockade unleashes the potent antitumor activity of CD8 cells but can also promote immunosuppressive T regulatory (Treg) cells, which may worsen response to immunotherapy. Tumor Treg inhibition is a promising strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance; however, the mechanisms supporting tumor Tregs during PD-1 immunotherapy are largely unexplored. Here, we report that PD-1 blockade increases tumor Tregs in mouse models of immunogenic tumors, including melanoma, and metastatic melanoma patients. Unexpectedly, Treg accumulation was not caused by Treg-intrinsic inhibition of PD-1 signaling but instead depended on an indirect effect of activated CD8 cells. CD8 cells colocalized with Tregs within tumors and produced IL-2, especially after PD-1 immunotherapy. IL-2 upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein ICOS on tumor Tregs, causing their accumulation. ICOS signaling inhibition before PD-1 immunotherapy resulted in increased control of immunogenic melanoma. Thus, interrupting the intratumor CD8:Treg crosstalk is a novel strategy that may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients.
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242
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Wu SY, Zhang SW, Ma D, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Chen L, Song XQ, Ma XY, Xu Y, Chai WJ, Jin X, Shao ZM, Jiang YZ. CCL19 + dendritic cells potentiate clinical benefit of anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. MED 2023:S2666-6340(23)00140-X. [PMID: 37201522 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extensive involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) in immune contexture indicates their potent value in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding DC diversity in patient cohorts may strengthen the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS Single-cell profiling of breast tumors from two clinical trials was performed to investigate DC heterogeneity. Multiomics, tissue characterization, and pre-clinical experiments were used to evaluate the role of the identified DCs in the tumor microenvironment. Four independent clinical trials were leveraged to explore biomarkers to predict ICI and chemotherapy outcomes. FINDINGS We identified a distinct CCL19-expressing functional state of DCs associated with favorable responses to anti-programmed death (ligand)-1 (PD-(L)1), which displayed migratory and immunomodulatory phenotypes. These cells were correlated with antitumor T cell immunity and the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures and lymphoid aggregates, defining immunogenic microenvironments in triple-negative breast cancer. In vivo, CCL19+ DC deletion by Ccl19 gene ablation dampened CCR7+CD8+ T cells and tumor elimination in response to anti-PD-1. Notably, high circulating and intratumoral CCL19 levels were associated with superior response and survival in patients receiving anti-PD-1 but not chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered a critical role of DC subsets in immunotherapy, which has implications for designing novel therapies and patient stratification strategies. FUNDING This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Project of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader, the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC), and the Shanghai Health Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Song
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Chai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Precision Cancer Medical Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201315, China.
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Precision Cancer Medical Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 201315, China.
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Klein S, Mischke J, Beruldsen F, Prinz I, Antunes DA, Cornberg M, Kraft ARM. Individual Epitope-Specific CD8 + T Cell Immune Responses Are Shaped Differently during Chronic Viral Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050716. [PMID: 37242386 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark in chronic viral infections are exhausted antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and the inability of the immune system to eliminate the virus. Currently, there is limited information on the variability of epitope-specific T cell exhaustion within one immune response and the relevance to the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. The aim of this study was a comprehensive analysis and comparison of three lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses (NP396, GP33 and NP205) in a chronic setting with immune intervention, e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, in regard to the TCR repertoire. These responses, though measured within the same mice, were individual and independent from each other. The massively exhausted NP396-specific CD8+ T cells revealed a significantly reduced TCR repertoire diversity, whereas less-exhausted GP33-specific CD8+ T cell responses were rather unaffected by chronicity in regard to their TCR repertoire diversity. NP205-specific CD8+ T cell responses showed a very special TCR repertoire with a prominent public motif of TCR clonotypes that was present in all NP205-specific responses, which separated this from NP396- and GP33-specific responses. Additionally, we showed that TCR repertoire shifts induced by ICI therapy are heterogeneous on the epitope level, by revealing profound effects in NP396-, less severe and opposed effects in NP205-, and minor effects in GP33-specific responses. Overall, our data revealed individual epitope-specific responses within one viral response that are differently affected by exhaustion and ICI therapy. These individual shapings of epitope-specific T cell responses and their TCR repertoires in an LCMV mouse model indicates important implications for focusing on epitope-specific responses in future evaluations for therapeutic approaches, e.g., for chronic hepatitis virus infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mischke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Finn Beruldsen
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dinler A Antunes
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), c/o CRC Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke R M Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), c/o CRC Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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244
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Caruso B, Moran AE. Thymic expression of immune checkpoint molecules and their implication for response to immunotherapies. Trends Cancer 2023:S2405-8033(23)00063-8. [PMID: 37173189 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is responsible for generating a diverse T cell repertoire that is tolerant to self, but capable of responding to various immunologic insults, including cancer. Checkpoint blockade has changed the face of cancer treatment by targeting inhibitory molecules, which are known to regulate peripheral T cell responses. However, these inhibitory molecules and their ligands are expressed during T cell development in the thymus. In this review, we describe the underappreciated role of checkpoint molecule expression during the formation of the T cell repertoire and detail the importance of inhibitory molecules in regulating T cell lineage commitment. Understanding how these molecules function in the thymus may inform therapeutic strategies for better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Caruso
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy E Moran
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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245
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Li J, Wu C, Hu H, Qin G, Wu X, Bai F, Zhang J, Cai Y, Huang Y, Wang C, Yang J, Luan Y, Jiang Z, Ling J, Wu Z, Chen Y, Xie Z, Deng Y. Remodeling of the immune and stromal cell compartment by PD-1 blockade in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell 2023:S1535-6108(23)00137-X. [PMID: 37172580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy can induce complete responses in mismatch repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (d-MMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, the underlying mechanism for pathological complete response (pCR) to immunotherapy has not been completely understood. We utilize single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the dynamics of immune and stromal cells in 19 patients with d-MMR/MSI-H CRC who received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade. We found that in tumors with pCR, there is a concerted decrease in CD8+ Trm-mitotic, CD4+ Tregs, proinflammatory IL1B+ Mono and CCL2+ Fibroblast following treatment, while the proportions of CD8+ Tem, CD4+ Th, CD20+ B, and HLA-DRA+ Endothelial cells increase. Proinflammatory features in the tumor microenvironment mediate the persistence of residual tumors by modulating CD8+ T cells and other response-associated immune cell populations. Our study provides valuable resources and biological insights into the mechanism of successful ICI therapy and potential targets for improving treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Huabin Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ge Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xueqian Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Yizhao Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Zehang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Jiayu Ling
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yaoxu Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510627, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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246
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Gaglia G, Burger ML, Ritch CC, Rammos D, Dai Y, Crossland GE, Tavana SZ, Warchol S, Jaeger AM, Naranjo S, Coy S, Nirmal AJ, Krueger R, Lin JR, Pfister H, Sorger PK, Jacks T, Santagata S. Lymphocyte networks are dynamic cellular communities in the immunoregulatory landscape of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:871-886.e10. [PMID: 37059105 PMCID: PMC10193529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are key for immune surveillance of tumors, but our understanding of the spatial organization and physical interactions that facilitate lymphocyte anti-cancer functions is limited. We used multiplexed imaging, quantitative spatial analysis, and machine learning to create high-definition maps of lung tumors from a Kras/Trp53-mutant mouse model and human resections. Networks of interacting lymphocytes ("lymphonets") emerged as a distinctive feature of the anti-cancer immune response. Lymphonets nucleated from small T cell clusters and incorporated B cells with increasing size. CXCR3-mediated trafficking modulated lymphonet size and number, but T cell antigen expression directed intratumoral localization. Lymphonets preferentially harbored TCF1+ PD-1+ progenitor CD8+ T cells involved in responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Upon treatment of mice with ICB or an antigen-targeted vaccine, lymphonets retained progenitor and gained cytotoxic CD8+ T cell populations, likely via progenitor differentiation. These data show that lymphonets create a spatial environment supportive of CD8+ T cell anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gaglia
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megan L Burger
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97212, USA; School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97212, USA
| | - Cecily C Ritch
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danae Rammos
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grace E Crossland
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sara Z Tavana
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Simon Warchol
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Alex M Jaeger
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Santiago Naranjo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shannon Coy
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ajit J Nirmal
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Krueger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hanspeter Pfister
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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247
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Ramachandran M, Vaccaro A, van de Walle T, Georganaki M, Lugano R, Vemuri K, Kourougkiaouri D, Vazaios K, Hedlund M, Tsaridou G, Uhrbom L, Pietilä I, Martikainen M, van Hooren L, Olsson Bontell T, Jakola AS, Yu D, Westermark B, Essand M, Dimberg A. Tailoring vascular phenotype through AAV therapy promotes anti-tumor immunity in glioma. Cancer Cell 2023:S1535-6108(23)00136-8. [PMID: 37172581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are aggressive brain tumors that are largely immunotherapy resistant. This is associated with immunosuppression and a dysfunctional tumor vasculature, which hinder T cell infiltration. LIGHT/TNFSF14 can induce high endothelial venules (HEVs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), suggesting that its therapeutic expression could promote T cell recruitment. Here, we use a brain endothelial cell-targeted adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to express LIGHT in the glioma vasculature (AAV-LIGHT). We found that systemic AAV-LIGHT treatment induces tumor-associated HEVs and T cell-rich TLS, prolonging survival in αPD-1-resistant murine glioma. AAV-LIGHT treatment reduces T cell exhaustion and promotes TCF1+CD8+ stem-like T cells, which reside in TLS and intratumoral antigen-presenting niches. Tumor regression upon AAV-LIGHT therapy correlates with tumor-specific cytotoxic/memory T cell responses. Our work reveals that altering vascular phenotype through vessel-targeted expression of LIGHT promotes efficient anti-tumor T cell responses and prolongs survival in glioma. These findings have broader implications for treatment of other immunotherapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Vaccaro
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tiarne van de Walle
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Georganaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kalyani Vemuri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Despoina Kourougkiaouri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Vazaios
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Hedlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgia Tsaridou
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ilkka Pietilä
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miika Martikainen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olsson Bontell
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asgeir S Jakola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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248
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Fernandez-Rodriguez L, Cianciaruso C, Bill R, Trefny MP, Klar R, Kirchhammer N, Buchi M, Festag J, Michel S, Kohler RH, Jones E, Maaske A, Vom Berg J, Kobold S, Kashyap AS, Jaschinski F, Dixon KO, Pittet MJ, Zippelius A. Dual TLR9 and PD-L1 targeting unleashes dendritic cells to induce durable antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006714. [PMID: 37208130 PMCID: PMC10201251 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have been a breakthrough in clinical oncology, these therapies fail to produce durable responses in a significant fraction of patients. This lack of long-term efficacy may be due to a poor pre-existing network linking innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we present an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based strategy that dually targets toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), aiming to overcome resistance to anti-PD-L1 monoclonal therapy. METHODS We designed a high-affinity immunomodulatory IM-TLR9:PD-L1-ASO antisense oligonucleotide (hereafter, IM-T9P1-ASO) targeting mouse PD-L1 messenger RNA and activating TLR9. Then, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to validate the IM-T9P1-ASO activity, efficacy, and biological effects in tumors and draining lymph nodes. We also performed intravital imaging to study IM-T9P1-ASO pharmacokinetics in the tumor. RESULTS IM-T9P1-ASO therapy, unlike PD-L1 antibody therapy, results in durable antitumor responses in multiple mouse cancer models. Mechanistically, IM-T9P1-ASO activates a state of tumor-associated dendritic cells (DCs), referred to here as DC3s, which have potent antitumor potential but express the PD-L1 checkpoint. IM-T9P1-ASO has two roles: it triggers the expansion of DC3s by engaging with TLR9 and downregulates PD-L1, thereby unleashing the antitumor functions of DC3s. This dual action leads to tumor rejection by T cells. The antitumor efficacy of IM-T9P1-ASO depends on the antitumor cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12), produced by DC3s, and Batf3, a transcription factor required for DC development. CONCLUSIONS By simultaneously targeting TLR9 and PD-L1, IM-T9P1-ASO amplifies antitumor responses via DC activation, leading to sustained therapeutic efficacy in mice. By highlighting differences and similarities between mouse and human DCs, this study could serve to develop similar therapeutic strategies for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Cianciaruso
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruben Bill
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcel P Trefny
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Klar
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co KG, Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicole Kirchhammer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Buchi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Festag
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co KG, Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sven Michel
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co KG, Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elham Jones
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andre Maaske
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co KG, Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Jaschinski
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co KG, Planegg Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karen O Dixon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy - ranging from immune-checkpoint blockade therapy to adoptive cellular therapy and vaccines - have revolutionized cancer treatment paradigms, yet the variability in clinical responses to these agents has motivated intense interest in understanding how the T cell landscape evolves with respect to response to immune intervention. Over the past decade, the advent of multidimensional single-cell technologies has provided the unprecedented ability to dissect the constellation of cell states of lymphocytes within a tumour microenvironment. In particular, the rapidly expanding capacity to definitively link intratumoural phenotypes with the antigen specificity of T cells provided by T cell receptors (TCRs) has now made it possible to focus on investigating the properties of T cells with tumour-specific reactivity. Moreover, the assessment of TCR clonality has enabled a molecular approach to track the trajectories, clonal dynamics and phenotypic changes of antitumour T cells over the course of immunotherapeutic intervention. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular states and antigen specificities of antitumour T cells and examine how fine characterization of T cell dynamics in patients has provided meaningful insights into the mechanisms underlying effective cancer immunotherapy. We highlight those T cell subsets associated with productive T cell responses and discuss how diverse immunotherapies might leverage the pre-existing tumour-reactive T cell pool or instruct de novo generation of antitumour specificities. Future studies aimed at elucidating the factors associated with the elicitation of productive antitumour T cell immunity are anticipated to instruct the design of more efficacious treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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250
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Ding JT, Yang KP, Zhou HN, Huang YF, Li H, Zong Z. Landscapes and mechanisms of CD8 + T cell exhaustion in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149622. [PMID: 37180158 PMCID: PMC10166832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte, are a key component of the tumor immune system, but they enter a hyporeactive T cell state in long-term chronic inflammation, and how to rescue this depleted state is a key direction of research. Current studies on CD8+ T cell exhaustion have found that the mechanisms responsible for their heterogeneity and differential kinetics may be closely related to transcription factors and epigenetic regulation, which may serve as biomarkers and potential immunotherapeutic targets to guide treatment. Although the importance of T cell exhaustion in tumor immunotherapy cannot be overstated, studies have pointed out that gastric cancer tissues have a better anti-tumor T cell composition compared to other cancer tissues, which may indicate that gastrointestinal cancers have more promising prospects for the development of precision-targeted immunotherapy. Therefore, the present study will focus on the mechanisms involved in the development of CD8+ T cell exhaustion, and then review the landscapes and mechanisms of T cell exhaustion in gastrointestinal cancer as well as clinical applications, which will provide a clear vision for the development of future immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tong Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang-Ping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao-Nan Zhou
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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