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Rizzo LB, Swardfager W, Maurya PK, Graiff MZ, Pedrini M, Asevedo E, Cassinelli AC, Bauer ME, Cordeiro Q, Scott J, Brietzke E, Cogo-Moreira H. An immunological age index in bipolar disorder: A confirmatory factor analysis of putative immunosenescence markers and associations with clinical characteristics. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1614. [PMID: 29691917 PMCID: PMC6877115 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to generate an immunological age (IA) trait on the basis of immune cell differentiation parameters, and to test whether the IA is related to age and disease characteristics. METHODS Forty-four euthymic type I bipolar disorder patients were included in this study. Five immunosenescence-related parameters were assessed: proportions of late-differentiated cells (e.g., CD3+CD8+CD28-CD27- and CD3-CD19+IgD-CD27-), and the expression of CD69, CD71, and CD152 after stimulation. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to generate an IA trait underling the 5 measures. RESULTS The best-fit model was constituted by 4 parameters that were each related to an underlying IA trait, with 1 cell population positively correlated (CD3+CD8+CD28-CD27- [λ = 0.544, where λ represents the loading of the parameter onto the IA trait] and 3 markers negatively correlated (CD69 [λ = -0.488], CD71 [λ = -0.833], and CD152 [λ = -0.674]). The IA trait was associated with chronological age (β = 0.360, p = .013) and the number of previous mood episodes (β = 0.426, p = .006). In a mediation model, 84% of the effect between manic episodes, and IA was mediated by body mass index. CONCLUSION In bipolar disorder type I, premature aging of the immune system could be reliably measured using an index that validated against chronological age, which was related to adverse metabolic effects of the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmcology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, India
| | - Maiara Zeni Graiff
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrini
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Cassinelli
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moisés E Bauer
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Scott
- Department of Academic Psychiatry, Wolfson Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience in Bipolar Disorder, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry (Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Graduate Program), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
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202
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Gardner JK, Jackaman C, Mamotte CDS, Nelson DJ. The Regulatory Status Adopted by Lymph Node Dendritic Cells and T Cells During Healthy Aging Is Maintained During Cancer and May Contribute to Reduced Responses to Immunotherapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:337. [PMID: 30560130 PMCID: PMC6287204 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased incidence of cancer. One contributing factor could be modulation of immune cells responsible for anti-tumor responses, such as dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. These immunological changes may also impact the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies in the elderly. The effects of healthy aging on DCs and T cells, and their impact on anti-mesothelioma immune responses, had not been reported. This study examined DCs and T cells in young (2–5 months; equivalent to 16–26 human years) and elderly (20–24 months; equivalent to 60–70 human years) healthy and mesothelioma-bearing C57BL/6J mice. During healthy aging, elderly lymph nodes adopted a regulatory profile, characterized by: (i) increased plasmacytoid DCs, (ii) increased expression of the adenosine-producing enzyme CD73 on CD11c+ cells, and (iii) increased expression of multiple regulatory markers (including CD73, the adenosine A2B receptor, CTLA-4, PD-1, ICOS, LAG-3, and IL-10) on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, compared to lymph nodes from young mice. Although mesotheliomas grew faster in elderly mice, the increased regulatory status observed in healthy elderly lymph node DCs and T cells was not further exacerbated. However, elderly tumor-bearing mice demonstrated reduced MHC-I, MHC-II and CD80 on CD11c+ cells, and decreased IFN-γ by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells within tumors, compared to young counterparts, implying loss of function. An agonist CD40 antibody based immunotherapy was less efficient at promoting tumor regression in elderly mice, which may be due to: (i) failure of elderly CD8+ T cells to up-regulate perforin, and (ii) increased expression of multiple regulatory markers on CD11c+ cells and T cells in elderly tumor-draining lymph nodes (including CD73, PD-1, ICOS, LAG-3, and TGF-β). Our findings suggest that checkpoint blockade may improve responses to immunotherapy in elderly hosts with mesothelioma, and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne K Gardner
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cyril D S Mamotte
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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203
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Wang JN, Cao XX, Zhao AL, Cai H, Wang X, Li J. Increased activated regulatory T cell subsets and aging Treg-like cells in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a case control study. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:187. [PMID: 30479566 PMCID: PMC6245875 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence have indicated that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in T cell-mediated immune response and development of multiple myeloma (MM). CD4+FoxP3+ T cells are composed of three phenotypically and functionally distinct subpopulations: CD45RA+FoxP3lo resting Tregs (rTregs), CD45RA-FoxP3hi activated Tregs (aTregs) and CD45RA-FoxP3lo non-suppressive T cells (non-Tregs). We aimed to clarify the frequency and function of these three subpopulations in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients. In addition, CD28-CD4+FoxP3+ Treg-like cell is a senescent regulatory T cell subset with partial suppressive function, which could be impaired during myelomagenesis. Methods we examined 20 patients with MGUS, 26 patients with newly diagnosed MM and 18 healthy volunteers. Flow cytometric analysis in peripheral blood and bone marrow was performed for frequency study. The immunosuppressive function of Treg subsets was assessed by their ability to suppress the proliferation of responder cells in co-culture. Concentration of cytokine from the culture supernatants of proliferation assay was measured using ELISA. Results The proportion of activated Tregs in CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in MGUS and MM patients than healthy controls (P = 0.01, P < 0.001) in both PB and BM; while the proportion of rTregs in MGUS, MM patients was significantly lower than that of controls (P = 0.02, P < 0.01) only in BM. There was no significant difference in frequencies of non-Tregs from MGUS to MM patients with normal controls (P = 0.14, P = 0.88). Significant increase in PB and BM Treg-like cells was observed in MGUS and MM cohort compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Treg-like cells in MM patients were significantly higher than those in MGUS patients (P < 0.01). The inhibition rate of aTreg in bone marrow of MM patients was significantly higher than that of rTreg (P < 0.01), while the inhibition rate of non-Treg was significantly lower than that of rTreg cells (P < 0.01). Functional assays revealed the suppressive and secretory abilities of three Treg subsets were intact in MM patients. Conclusions In summary, aTregs and aging Treg-like cells were quantitatively altered in MGUS and MM patients, which might be associated with disease progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Nuo Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Cao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Lin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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204
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Plaumann J, Engelhardt M, Awwad MHS, Echchannaoui H, Amman E, Raab MS, Hillengass J, Halama N, Neuber B, Müller-Tidow C, Goldschmidt H, Hundemer M. IL-10 inducible CD8 + regulatory T-cells are enriched in patients with multiple myeloma and impact the generation of antigen-specific T-cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1695-1707. [PMID: 30128739 PMCID: PMC11028289 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-mediated immunosuppression via regulatory T-cells is a key player among the various immune-escape mechanisms in multiple myeloma. We analyzed the generation, distribution, function and immunophenotype of CD8+CD28- regulatory T-cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Functionality of CD8+CD28- T-cells was assessed by immunological assays using ex vivo generated antigen-specific T-cells from patients with plasma cell dyscrasias and healthy donors. Detailed analysis of distribution, immunophenotype and cytotoxic potential of CD8+CD28- T-cells was performed by flow cytometry and ELISA. We found that the amount of CD8+CD28- T-cells was directly correlated with the suppression of antigen-specific T-cell responses in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. Analyzing the CD8+CD28- T-cells in detail, increased numbers of these cells were observed in the bone marrow (i.e., tumor microenvironment) of patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. Furthermore, we identified the expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) as a marker of immunosuppression and defined the CD8+CD28-CD57+LFA-1high population as the relevant immunosuppressive compartment. These regulatory T-cells act as immunosuppressors via soluble factors and incubation with IL-10 augmented their immunosuppressive capacity. The immunosuppressive regulatory network of IL-10 and the CD8+CD28-CD57+LFA-1high regulatory T-cells show unique characteristics and contribute to the tumor immune escape mechanism in patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Plaumann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed H S Awwad
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hakim Echchannaoui
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Amman
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc S Raab
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Neuber
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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205
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Abstract
Clinical research in neuro-oncology frequently classifies patients over 60-70 years of age as 'elderly', a designation intended to identify patients with the disease characteristics, psychosocial changes, and susceptibility to treatment toxicities associated with advancing age. The elderly account for a large proportion of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM), and this population is projected to increase. Their prognosis is inferior to that of GBM patients as a whole, and concerns over treatment toxicity may limit the aggressiveness with which they are treated. Recent clinical studies have assisted with therapeutic decision making in this cohort. Hypofractionated radiation with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide has been shown to increase survival without worsened quality of life in elderly patients with good functional status. Single modality radiation therapy or temozolomide therapy are frequently used in this population, and while neither has demonstrated superiority, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status is predictive of improved survival with temozolomide over radiation therapy. Despite these advances, ambiguity as to how to best define, assess, and treat this population remains. The specific response of elderly patients to emerging therapies, such as immunotherapies, is unclear. Advancing outcomes for elderly patients with GBM requires persistent efforts to include them in translational and clinical research endeavors, and concurrent dedication to the preservation of function and quality of life in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Harrison
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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206
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Withers SS, Moore PF, Chang H, Choi JW, McSorley SJ, Kent MS, Monjazeb AM, Canter RJ, Murphy WJ, Sparger EE, Rebhun RB. Multi-color flow cytometry for evaluating age-related changes in memory lymphocyte subsets in dogs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:64-74. [PMID: 29859828 PMCID: PMC6197816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While dogs are increasingly being utilized as large-animal models of disease, important features of age-related immunosenescence in the dog have yet to be evaluated due to the lack of defined naïve vs. memory T lymphocyte phenotypes. We therefore performed multi-color flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and aged beagles, and determined the differential cytokine production by proposed memory subsets. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in aged dogs displayed increased cytokine production, and decreased proliferative capacity. Antibodies targeting CD45RA and CD62L, but less so CD28 or CD44, defined canine cells that consistently exhibited properties of naïve-, central memory-, effector memory-, and terminal effector-like CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets. Older dogs demonstrated decreased frequencies of naïve-like CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and an increased frequency of terminal effector-like CD8+ T lymphocytes. Overall findings revealed that aged dogs displayed features of immunosenescence similar to those reported in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita S Withers
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hong Chang
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jin W Choi
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98 & Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98 & Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, G-140, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, G-140, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95716, USA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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207
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Duggal NA. Reversing the immune ageing clock: lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Biogerontology 2018; 19:481-496. [PMID: 30269199 PMCID: PMC6223743 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that ageing is accompanied by remodelling of the immune system, including reduced numbers of naïve T cells, increased senescent or exhausted T cells, compromise to monocyte, neutrophil and natural killer cell function and an increase in systemic inflammation. In combination these changes result in increased risk of infection, reduced immune memory, reduced immune tolerance and immune surveillance, with significant impacts upon health in old age. More recently it has become clear that the rate of decline in the immune system is malleable and can be influenced by environmental factors such as physical activity as well as pharmacological interventions. This review discusses briefly our current understanding of immunesenescence and then focuses on lifestyle interventions and therapeutic strategies that have been shown to restore immune functioning in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University, Birmingham, UK.
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208
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Elias G, Souquette A, Heynderickx S, De Meester I, Jansens H, Beutels P, Van Damme P, Smits E, Thomas PG, Van Tendeloo V, Ogunjimi B. Altered CD4 + T cell immunity in nurses occupationally exposed to viral pathogens. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 194:192-204. [PMID: 30076783 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen exposure, including but not limited to herpesviruses, moulds the shape of the immune system, both at a basal state and in response to immune challenge. However, little is known about the impact of high exposure to other viruses on baseline immune signatures and how the immune system copes with repetitive exposures to maintain a balanced functionality. Here we investigated baseline immune signatures, including detailed T cell phenotyping, antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and cytokine profile in paediatric (PED) nurses, who have high occupational exposure to viral pathogens including varicella zoster virus (VZV) and respiratory viruses, and in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses, as a control group with infrequent occupational exposure. Our results show a lower CD4+ T cell response to two VZV proteins (IE62 and gE) and to tetanus toxoid (TT) in PED nurses who are cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative, compared to CMV-seronegative NICU nurses, and that the decline might be more pronounced the more sustained the exposure. This decline might be due to an attrition of VZV- and TT-specific T cells as a result of the continuous pressure on the CD4+ T cell compartment. Moreover, our data suggest that the distinct T cell phenotypes known to be associated with CMV-seropositivity might be less prominent in PED nurses compared to NICU nurses, implying a plausible attenuating effect of occupational exposure on CMV-associated immunosenescence. Overall, this pilot study reveals an impact of occupational exposure to viral pathogens on CD4+ T cell immunity and supports further investigation in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elias
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A Souquette
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Heynderickx
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - I De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H Jansens
- Department of Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium
| | - P Beutels
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Van Damme
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - V Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B Ogunjimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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209
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Ryu DH, Yu HT, Kim SA, Lee YM, Hong SH, Yoon YR, Kim DJ, Kim HC, Moon HB, Shin EC, Lee DH. Is Chronic Exposure to Low-Dose Organochlorine Pesticides a New Risk Factor of T-cell Immunosenescence? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1159-1167. [PMID: 29991517 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: T-cell immunosenescence, a hallmark of an aging immune system, is potentially linked to the risk of developing cancer and other aging-related diseases. Chronic infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been widely studied as a risk factor for T-cell immunosenescence, but the role of persistent chemicals has never been examined. As a typical example of persistent chemicals, we evaluated whether organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are related to T-cell immunosenescence in the general population.Methods: Serum concentrations of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and trans-nonachlor were measured in 95 Korean adults ages 30 to 64 years. T-cell immunosenescence was assessed by the frequencies of CD8+CD57+, CD8+CD28-, CD4+CD57+, and CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes in 20 mL of fresh peripheral blood.Results: The senescence of CD8+ T lymphocytes was the most consistently associated with OCPs. For quartiles of measurements of OCPs, adjusted mean percentages of CD8+CD57+ and CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes in the CD8+ T lymphocyte population were 23.9, 27.6, 31.0, and 38.7 (P trend < 0.01) and 25.6, 27.3, 28.0, and 35.5 (P trend = 0.02), respectively. When we compared the strength of the associations among OCPs, CMV IgG titer, and age, OCPs showed the strongest association with markers of immunosenescence. Importantly, the association between OCPs and immunosenescence markers was more prominent among participants without known risk factors, such as a young age or low CMV immunoglobulin G titer.Conclusions: Chronic exposure to low-dose OCPs may be a new risk factor for T-cell immunosenescence.Impact: T-cell immunosenescence may be one possible mechanism linking low-dose OCPs and many chronic diseases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1159-67. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-A Kim
- BK 21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,BK 21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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210
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Banna GL, Passiglia F, Colonese F, Canova S, Menis J, Addeo A, Russo A, Cortinovis DL. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A tool to improve patients' selection. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 129:27-39. [PMID: 30097235 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of reliable predictive biomarkers of efficacy or resistance to immune-oncology (I-O) agents is a major issue for translational research and clinical practice. However, along with PDL1 and molecular features other clinical, radiological and laboratory factors can be considered for the selection of those patients who would not be the best candidate for immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs). We examined these factors, emerging from the results of currently available studies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), aiming to provide a useful and manageable tool which can help Oncologists in their everyday clinical practice. A thorough patient evaluation and close clinical monitoring, due to limited, early or inconclusive currently available data, should be deserved for patients with a pre-existing symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, age >75 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) ≥ 1, a time to progression (TTP) < three months and progressive disease (PD) as the best response to the previous treatment, hepatitis or HIV-infections, high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), or on treatment with high-dose steroids, when the use of ICPIs is considered. Limited data are available to consider that ICPIs are safe in patients with interstitial lung disease, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and autommune diseases. Early evidence on steroids, vaccinations and antibiotics suggest their possible interaction with ICPIs and need to be more investigated in clinical trials. Oncogene-addicted NSCLC harboring EGFR-mutations and low tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs) seems not to gain benefit from I-O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126, Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Jessica Menis
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Italy
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211
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Maga P, Mikolajczyk TP, Partyka L, Siedlinski M, Maga M, Krzanowski M, Malinowski K, Luc K, Nizankowski R, Bhatt DL, Guzik TJ. Involvement of CD8+ T cell subsets in early response to vascular injury in patients with peripheral artery disease in vivo. Clin Immunol 2018; 194:26-33. [PMID: 29936303 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adaptive immunity is critical in vascular remodelling following arterial injury. We hypothesized that acute changes in T cells at a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) site could serve as an index of their potential interaction with the injured vascular wall. METHODS AND RESULTS T cell subsets were characterised in 45 patients with Rutherford 3-4 peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoing PTA. Direct angioplasty catheter blood sampling was performed before and immediately after the procedure. PTA was associated with an acute reduction of α/β-TcR CD8+ T cells. Further characterisation revealed significant reduction in pro-atherosclerotic CD28nullCD57+ T cells, effector (CD45RA+CCR7-) and effector memory (CD45RA-CCR7-) cells, in addition to cells bearing activation (CD69, CD38) and tissue homing/adhesion markers (CD38, CCR5). CONCLUSIONS The acute reduction observed here is likely due to the adhesion of cells to the injured vascular wall, suggesting that immunosenescent, activated effector CD8+ cells have a role in the early vascular injury immune response following PTA in PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Maga
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Angio-Medcus Angiology Clinic, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Maga
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Malinowski
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kevin Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Nizankowski
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
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212
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Hu J, Sun C, Bernatchez C, Xia X, Hwu P, Dotti G, Li S. T-cell Homing Therapy for Reducing Regulatory T Cells and Preserving Effector T-cell Function in Large Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2920-2934. [PMID: 29391351 PMCID: PMC6004229 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Infused autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells typically surround malignant lesions or penetrate small tumor nodules but fail to penetrate large solid tumors, significantly compromising their antitumor impact. Strategies to overcome this primary challenge are largely required.Experimental Design: We tested the effects of IL12 plus doxorubicin on T-cell penetration and efficacy in solid tumors in a murine lung cancer model, a murine breast carcinoma lung metastasis model, and two human xenograft tumor models bearing large tumors (>10 mm).Results: Intriguingly, this simple approach increased the numbers, the distribution, and the depth of penetration of infused CD8+ T cells in these tumors, including both TILs and CAR T cells. This combined treatment halted tumor progression and significantly extended survival time. Studies of the underlying mechanism revealed multiple effects. First, the combined treatment maintained the high ratios of immune-stimulatory receptors to immune-inhibitory receptors on infiltrated CD8+ T cells, reduced the accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and enhanced the numbers of T-bet+ effector T cells in the tumors. Second, doxorubicin induced chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, which may attract NKG2D+CD8+ T cells to tumors, and this effect was boosted by IL12-induced IFNγ accumulation in tumors, promoting the penetration of NKG2D+CD8+ T cells.Conclusions: The deep penetration of infused T cells associated with combined IL12 plus doxorubicin yielded striking therapeutic effects in murine and human xenograft solid tumors. This approach might broaden the application of T-cell therapy to a wider range of solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2920-34. ©2018 AACRSee related commentary by Berraondo et al., p. 2716.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chuang Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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213
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Rožman P. The potential of non-myeloablative heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for extending a healthy life span. GeroScience 2018; 40:221-242. [PMID: 29948868 PMCID: PMC6060192 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex multifactorial process, a prominent component being the senescence of the immune system. Consequently, immune-related diseases develop, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and life-threatening infections, which impact on health and longevity. Rejuvenating the aged immune system could mitigate these diseases, thereby contributing to longevity and health. Currently, an appealing option for rejuvenating the immune system is heterochronous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haHSCT), where healthy autologous bone marrow/peripheral blood stem cells are collected during the youth of an individual, cryopreserved, and re-infused when he or she has reached an older age. After infusion, young hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the compromised immune system and improve immune function. Several studies using animal models have achieved substantial extension of the life span of animals treated with haHSCT. Therefore, haHSCT could be regarded as a potential procedure for preventing age-related immune defects and extending healthy longevity. In this review, the pros, cons, and future feasibility of this approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primož Rožman
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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214
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Fatone MC, Pavone F, Lauletta G, Russi S. Features of peripheral CD8 +CD57 + lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:166-174. [PMID: 29845877 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1477132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an acquired condition characterized by the presence of autoantibodies recognizing erythrocyte-related antigens. Several components of the immune system are involved in disease pathogenesis. Among them, as for other autoimmune disorders, a role for specific CD8+CD57+ regulatory cells subset could be hypothesized. We evaluated this lymphocyte subset by flow cytometry in 18 AIHA patients randomly selected in a retrospective population of 29 cases. Secondary forms were observed in 65.5% of cases, whereas frequencies of warm, cold, mixed, and atypical forms were similar. Cold agglutinins and cryoglobulins tested positive in 44.8% and 10.3% of cases, respectively. These patients exhibited a higher frequency of peripheral vascular symptoms (odds ratio = 8.2, p = .04) and complement consumption (odds ratio = 7.2, p = .02). Frequency of CD8+CD57+ cells resulted significantly higher in AIHA patients than in control group (17.0 ± 15.8% vs 8.2 ± 5.0%, p = .04). Regardless of therapeutic schedule, patients with partial or no response to therapy (8/18) showed higher frequencies of CD8+CD57+ cells as compared with controls (23.6 ± 21.3% vs 8.9 ± 4.9%, p = .01), whereas 10/18 complete responders (CR) showed lower levels of CD8+CD57+ cells (11.7 ± 6.9%, p = .11). CR and controls showed similar values (p = .24). This study suggests that monitoring this lymphocyte subset before and after treatment administration might have a prognostic value. Moreover, CD8+CD57+ cells may represent a possible therapeutic target to restore the normal balance between lymphocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Fatone
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Fabio Pavone
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Gianfranco Lauletta
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Sabino Russi
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.,b Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero in Vulture , Pz , Italy
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215
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Chen BH, Carty CL, Kimura M, Kark JD, Chen W, Li S, Zhang T, Kooperberg C, Levy D, Assimes T, Absher D, Horvath S, Reiner AP, Aviv A. Leukocyte telomere length, T cell composition and DNA methylation age. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1983-1995. [PMID: 28930701 PMCID: PMC5636670 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Both leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and DNA methylation age are strongly associated with chronological age. One measure of DNA methylation age─ the extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA)─ is highly predictive of all-cause mortality. We examined the relation between LTL and EEAA. LTL was measured by Southern blots and leukocyte DNA methylation was determined using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI; n=804), the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; n=909) and the Bogalusa Heart study (BHS; n=826). EEAA was computed using 71 DNA methylation sites, further weighted by proportions of naïve CD8+ T cells, memory CD8+ T cells, and plasmablasts. Shorter LTL was associated with increased EEAA in participants from the WHI (r=-0.16, p=3.1x10-6). This finding was replicated in the FHS (r=-0.09, p=6.5x10-3) and the BHS (r=-0.07, p=3.8x 10-2). LTL was also inversely related to proportions of memory CD8+ T cells (p=4.04x10-16) and positively related to proportions of naive CD8+ T cells (p=3.57x10-14). These findings suggest that for a given age, an individual whose blood contains comparatively more memory CD8+ T cells and less naive CD8+ T cells would display a relatively shorter LTL and an older DNA methylation age, which jointly explain the striking ability of EEAA to predict mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Chen
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cara L Carty
- Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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216
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Williams-Gray CH, Wijeyekoon RS, Scott KM, Hayat S, Barker RA, Jones JL. Abnormalities of age-related T cell senescence in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:166. [PMID: 29807534 PMCID: PMC5972443 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wealth of evidence implicates both central and peripheral immune changes as contributing to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is critical to better understand this aspect of PD given that it is a tractable target for disease-modifying therapy. Age-related changes are known to occur in the immune system (immunosenescence) and might be of particular relevance in PD given that its prevalence rises with increasing age. We therefore sought to investigate this with respect to T cell replicative senescence, a key immune component of human ageing. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted from blood samples from 41 patients with mild PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-2, mean (SD) disease duration 4.3 (1.2) years) and 41 age- and gender-matched controls. Immunophenotyping was performed with flow cytometry using markers of T lymphocyte activation and senescence (CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA-DR, CD38, CD28, CCR7, CD45RA, CD57, CD31). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology was measured given its proposed relevance in driving T cell senescence. RESULTS Markers of replicative senescence in the CD8+ population were strikingly reduced in PD cases versus controls (reduced CD57 expression (p = 0.005), reduced percentage of 'late differentiated' CD57loCD28hi cells (p = 0.007) and 'TEMRA' cells (p = 0.042)), whilst expression of activation markers (CD28) was increased (p = 0.005). This was not driven by differences in CMV seropositivity. No significant changes were observed in the CD4 population. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that the peripheral immune profile in PD is distinctly atypical for an older population, with a lack of the CD8+ T cell replicative senescence which characterises normal ageing. This suggests that 'abnormal' immune ageing may contribute to the development of PD, and markers of T cell senescence warrant further investigation as potential biomarkers in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - R S Wijeyekoon
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - K M Scott
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - S Hayat
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - R A Barker
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - J L Jones
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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217
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Fernández-Ruiz M, Giménez E, Vinuesa V, Ruiz-Merlo T, Parra P, Amat P, Montejo M, Paez-Vega A, Cantisán S, Torre-Cisneros J, Fortún J, Andrés A, San Juan R, López-Medrano F, Navarro D, Aguado JM. Regular monitoring of cytomegalovirus-specific cell-mediated immunity in intermediate-risk kidney transplant recipients: predictive value of the immediate post-transplant assessment. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:381.e1-381.e10. [PMID: 29803844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies on monitoring of post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) are limited by single-centre designs and disparate risk categories. We aimed to assess the clinical value of a regular monitoring strategy in a large multicentre cohort of intermediate-risk kidney transplant (KT) recipients. METHODS We recruited 124 CMV-seropositive KT recipients with no T-cell-depleting induction pre-emptively managed at four Spanish institutions. CMV-specific interferon-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were counted through the first post-transplant year by intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation with pp65 and immediate early-1 peptides (mean of six measurements per patient). The primary outcome was the occurrence of any CMV event (asymptomatic infection and/or disease). Optimal cut-off values for CMV-specific T cells were calculated at baseline and day 15. RESULTS Twelve-month cumulative incidence of CMV infection and/or disease was 47.6%. Patients with pre-transplant CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell count <1.0 cells/μL had greater risk of CMV events (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.84; p 0.054). When the CMI assessment was performed in the immediate post-transplant period (day 15), the presence of <2.0 CD8+ T cells/μL (aHR 2.18; p 0.034) or <1.0 CD4+ T cells/μL (aHR 2.43; p 0.016) also predicted the subsequent development of a CMV event. In addition, lower counts of CMV-specific CD4+ (but not CD8+) T cells at days 60 and 180 were associated with a higher incidence of late-onset events. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring for CMV-specific CMI in intermediate-risk KT recipients must be regular to reflect dynamic changes in overall immunosuppression and individual susceptibility. The early assessment at post-transplant day 15 remains particularly informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Giménez
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Vinuesa
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - T Ruiz-Merlo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Parra
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Amat
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Montejo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Paez-Vega
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, University Hospital "Reina Sofia", University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - S Cantisán
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, University Hospital "Reina Sofia", University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - J Torre-Cisneros
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, University Hospital "Reina Sofia", University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - J Fortún
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital "Ramón y Cajal", Instituto "Ramón y Cajal" de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Andrés
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - R San Juan
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - F López-Medrano
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Navarro
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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218
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van der Geest KSM, Kroesen BJ, Horst G, Abdulahad WH, Brouwer E, Boots AMH. Impact of Aging on the Frequency, Phenotype, and Function of CD161-Expressing T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:752. [PMID: 29725326 PMCID: PMC5917671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-aging is associated with perturbed immune responses in the elderly. CD161-expressing T cells, i.e., the previously described subsets of CD161+ CD4+ T cells, CD161high CD8+ T cells, and CD161int CD8+ T cells, are highly functional, pro-inflammatory T cells. These CD161-expressing T cells are critical in immunity against microbes, while possibly contributing to autoimmune diseases. So far, little is known about the impact of aging on the frequency, phenotype, and function of these CD161-expressing T cells. In the current study, we investigated the impact of aging on CD161+ CD4+ T cells, CD161high CD8+ T cells, and CD161int CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood samples of 96 healthy subjects (age 20–84). Frequencies of CD161+ CD4+ T cells and CD161int CD8+ T cells were stable with aging, whereas frequencies of CD161high CD8+ T cells declined. Although CD161high CD8+ T cells were mostly T cell receptor-Vα7.2+ mucosal-associated invariant T cells, CD161 expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed a limited expression of markers for gamma–delta T cells or invariant natural killer (NK) T cells, in both young and old subjects. In essence, CD161-expressing T cells showed a similar memory phenotype in young and old subjects. The expression of the inhibitory NK receptor KLRG1 was decreased on CD161+ CD4+ T cells of old subjects, whereas the expression of other NK receptors by CD161-expressing T cells was unaltered with age. The expression of cytotoxic effector molecules was similar in CD161high and CD161int CD8+ T cells of young and old subjects. The ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines was preserved in CD161high and CD161int CD8+ T cells of old subjects. However, the percentages of IFN-γ+ and interleukin-17+ cells were significantly lower in CD161+ CD4+ T cells of old individuals than those of young individuals. In addition, aging was associated with a decrease of nonclassic T helper 1 cells, as indicated by decreased percentages of CD161-expressing cells within the IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cell compartment of old subjects. Taken together, aging is associated with a numerical decline of circulating CD161high CD8+ T cells, as well as a decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CD161+ CD4+ T cells. These aging-associated changes could contribute to perturbed immunity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelis S M van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerda Horst
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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219
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Wang Q, van Timmeren MM, Petersen AH, Yuan J, Moser J, Brouwer E, Westra J, Boots AMH, Heeringa P. Age-determined severity of anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibody-mediated glomerulonephritis in mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:254-264. [PMID: 28186568 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (AAV) is a typical disease of the elderly. In AAV, there is an age-specific increase in disease incidence with age being a predictor of disease outcome. In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution of age to the development of AAV employing a mouse model of anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis. Methods Anti-MPO IgG and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated glomerulonephritis was induced in 3- and 18-month-old C57Bl6 mice. Clinical and pathological parameters of disease severity, alterations in the immune system and kidney specific changes in these mice were evaluated. Results Eighteen-month-old mice developed increased disease severity upon injection of anti-MPO IgG/LPS compared with 3-month-old mice. This was evidenced by increased albuminuria, more extensive glomerular capillary necrosis and increased glomerular neutrophil accumulation. Glomerular crescent formation was mild in both young and old mice. Old mice displayed higher plasma interleukin-6 levels as well as higher proportions of circulating neutrophils and activated monocytes compared with young mice. In addition, renal mRNA levels of inflammatory genes and endothelial adhesion molecules were higher in 18-month-old mice compared with 3-month-old mice. Conclusion In conclusion, our results indicate that aged mice develop more severe clinical and pathological disease upon induction of anti-MPO IgG/LPS-mediated glomerulonephritis. These findings may be attributed to age-related changes in the immune system as well as in the kidney itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjan M van Timmeren
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen H Petersen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jill Moser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - AnneMieke M H Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Elias R, Giobbie-Hurder A, McCleary NJ, Ott P, Hodi FS, Rahma O. Efficacy of PD-1 & PD-L1 inhibitors in older adults: a meta-analysis. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:26. [PMID: 29618381 PMCID: PMC5885356 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway demonstrated promising activities in variety of malignancies, however little is known regarding their efficacy in adults aged ≥65 years. Methods We conducted a systematic review and a study-level meta-analysis to explore efficacy of ICIs based on age, younger vs older than 65 years. We included in this analysis randomized controlled phase II or III studies in patients with metastatic solid tumors that compared efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors to a non-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Aggregated estimates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) are based on random/mixed effects (RE) models to allow for heterogeneity between the studies. Results Initial search identified 53 articles, 17 were randomized controlled trials that compared nivolumab, pembrolizumab or atezolizumab to chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Only 9 trials reported hazard ratiios (HR) for OS based on age and were included in this meta-analysis. Out of those studies seven reported HR for PFS but only 4 studies included subgroup-analysis based on age for PFS. The overall estimated random-effects HR for death was 0.64 with 95% CI of 0.54–0.76 in patients ≥65 years vs. 0.68 with 95% CI of 0.61–0.75 in patients < 65 years. The overall estimated random-effects for HR for progression was 0.74 with 95% CI of 0.60–0.92 in patients ≥65 years vs. 0.73 with 95% CI of 0.61–0.88 in patients < 65 years. Conclusions PD-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and PD-L1 (atezolizumab) inhibitors had comparable efficacy in adults younger vs ≥ 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawad Elias
- Sections of Hematology Oncology and geriatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Jackson McCleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Osama Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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221
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Duggal NA, Pollock RD, Lazarus NR, Harridge S, Lord JM. Major features of immunesenescence, including reduced thymic output, are ameliorated by high levels of physical activity in adulthood. Aging Cell 2018. [PMID: 29517845 PMCID: PMC5847865 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that aging is accompanied by remodelling of the immune system including thymic atrophy and increased frequency of senescent T cells, leading to immune compromise. However, physical activity, which influences immunity but declines dramatically with age, is not considered in this literature. We assessed immune profiles in 125 adults (55-79 years) who had maintained a high level of physical activity (cycling) for much of their adult lives, 75 age-matched older adults and 55 young adults not involved in regular exercise. The frequency of naïve T cells and recent thymic emigrants (RTE) were both higher in cyclists compared with inactive elders, and RTE frequency in cyclists was no different to young adults. Compared with their less active counterparts, the cyclists had significantly higher serum levels of the thymoprotective cytokine IL-7 and lower IL-6, which promotes thymic atrophy. Cyclists also showed additional evidence of reduced immunesenescence, namely lower Th17 polarization and higher B regulatory cell frequency than inactive elders. Physical activity did not protect against all aspects of immunesenescence: CD28-ve CD57+ve senescent CD8 T-cell frequency did not differ between cyclists and inactive elders. We conclude that many features of immunesenescence may be driven by reduced physical activity with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Arora Duggal
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research; Institute of Inflammation and Ageing; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Ross D. Pollock
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Norman R. Lazarus
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Stephen Harridge
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Janet M. Lord
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research; Institute of Inflammation and Ageing; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Inflammation; University Hospital Birmingham; Birmingham UK
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Immune signatures predicting responses to immunomodulatory antibody therapy. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:91-96. [PMID: 29550661 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the first immunomodulatory antibody was licensed by the FDA in 2011 for treating melanoma it has remained the case that only a certain proportion of cancer patients respond favourably to a particular therapy. Recent results from combining two or more different antibodies each targeting a different immune checkpoint indicate that the proportion of responding patients can be increased, but thus far there are no such therapies routinely yielding clinical benefit in 100% of patients in any cancer type. Therefore, predicting which patients will respond to a particular therapy remains of the utmost importance in order to maximise treatment efficacy and minimise side-effects and costs. Moreover, determining biomarkers predicting responses may provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for success or failure of that therapy. This article reviews seminal papers mostly from the past two years of progress in this area of intense investigation, and mostly in melanoma, the tumour type for which the largest body of data exists thus far.
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223
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Hid Cadena R, Abdulahad WH, Hospers GAP, Wind TT, Boots AMH, Heeringa P, Brouwer E. Checks and Balances in Autoimmune Vasculitis. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29520282 PMCID: PMC5827159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated changes in the immune system including alterations in surface protein expression are thought to contribute to an increased susceptibility for autoimmune diseases. The balance between the expression of coinhibitory and costimulatory surface protein molecules, also known as immune checkpoint molecules, is crucial in fine-tuning the immune response and preventing autoimmunity. The activation of specific inhibitory signaling pathways allows cancer cells to evade recognition and destruction by the host immune system. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to treat cancer has proven to be effective producing durable antitumor responses in multiple cancer types. However, one of the disadvantages derived from the use of these agents is the appearance of inflammatory manifestations termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These irAEs are often relatively mild, but more severe irAEs have been reported as well including several forms of vasculitis. In this article, we argue that age-related changes in expression and function of immune checkpoint molecules lead to an unstable immune system, which is prone to tolerance failure and autoimmune vasculitis development. The topic is introduced by a case report from our hospital describing a melanoma patient treated with ICIs and who subsequently developed biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Following this case report, we present an in-depth review on the role of immune checkpoint pathways in the development and progression of autoimmune vasculitis and its relation with an aging immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hid Cadena
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - G A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T T Wind
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Grebenciucova E, Berger JR. Immunosenescence: the Role of Aging in the Predisposition to Neuro-Infectious Complications Arising from the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 17:61. [PMID: 28669032 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights some of the important changes in the immune system that occur in the process of normal aging. Immunosenescence as a concept is directly relevant to the world of neuro-inflammation, as it may be a contributing factor to the risks associated with some of the current immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies used in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and other inflammatory disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Profound qualitative and quantitative changes occur in the adaptive and innate immunity compartments during aging. These changes may explain why patients of older age are at an increased risk of infections and infection-associated mortality. Immunosenescence-associated changes may be additive or synergistic with the effects produced by immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive medications. Clinicians should exercise a high level of vigilance in monitoring the risk of infections in older patients on these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grebenciucova
- Multiple Sclerosis Division, The Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Convention Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Joseph R Berger
- Multiple Sclerosis Division, The Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Convention Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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225
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Gasmi M, Sellami M, Denham J, Padulo J, Kuvacic G, Selmi W, Khalifa R. Time-restricted feeding influences immune responses without compromising muscle performance in older men. Nutrition 2018; 51-52:29-37. [PMID: 29571007 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of 12 wk of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on complete blood cell counts, natural killer cells, and muscle performance in 20- and 50-year-old men. METHODS Forty active and healthy participants were randomly divided into young experimental, young control, aged experimental, and aged control group. Experimental groups participated in TRF. Before (P1) and after (P2) TRF, participants performed a maximal exercise test to quantify muscle power. Resting venous blood samples were collected for blood count calculation. RESULTS No changes were identified in muscle power in all groups after TRF (P > 0.05). At P1, red cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly higher in young participants compared with elderly participants (P < 0.05). At P2, this age effect was not found in red cells between the young experimental group and the aged experimental group (P > 0.05). At P1, white blood cells and neutrophils were significantly higher in young participants compared with elderly participants (P < 0.05). At P2, only neutrophils decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in experimental groups without significant (P > 0.05) difference among them. Lymphocytes decreased significantly in the aged experimental group at P2 (P < 0.05), whereas NKCD16+ and NKCD56+ decreased significantly in experimental groups at P2 (P < 0.05). TRF had no effect on CD3, CD4+, and CD8+ levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TRF decreases hematocrit, total white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in young and older men. TRF may be effective in preventing inflammation by decreasing natural killer cells. As such, TRF could be a lifestyle strategy to reduce systemic low-grade inflammation and age-related chronic diseases linked to immunosenescence, without compromising physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Gasmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maha Sellami
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia; Tunisian Research Laboratory Sport Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Joshua Denham
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia; Tunisian Research Laboratory Sport Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia; University e-campus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Goran Kuvacic
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Walid Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Khalifa
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
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226
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Dedeoglu B, Litjens NHR, Klepper M, Kraaijeveld R, Verschoor W, Baan CC, Betjes MGH. CD4 + CD28 null T cells are not alloreactive unless stimulated by interleukin-15. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:341-350. [PMID: 28858434 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory, cytotoxic CD4+ CD28null T cells can be substantially expanded in patients with end-stage renal disease. These cells have been associated with the risk for rejection, but their alloreactive potential is unknown. CD4+ CD28null T cells were stimulated with HLA-mismatched antigen presenting cells in the absence/presence of exogenous cytokines. Alloreactive potential was evaluated based on proliferation, degranulation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. Further, their suppressive capacity was assessed by measuring inhibition of proliferating alloreactive CD28+ T cells. CD4+ CD28null T cells contained alloreactive (CD137+ ) T cells but did not proliferate in response to allogeneic stimulation, unless interleukin (IL)-15 was added. However, they could proliferate on stimulation with cytomegalovirus antigen without exogenous cytokines. IL-15 increased the frequency of proliferating alloreactive CD4+ CD28null T cells to 30.5% without inducing CD28 expression (P < .05). After allogeneic stimulation together with IL-15 and IL-21, frequency of degranulating CD107a+ CD4+ CD28null T cells increased significantly from 0.6% to 5.8% (P < .001). Granzyme B and perforin positivity remained similar, but production of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α increased by the combination of IL-15 and IL-21 (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively). Finally, CD4+ CD28null T cells did not show significant suppression. Thus, CD4+ CD28null T cells represent a population with absent alloreactivity unless IL-15 is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dedeoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Kraaijeveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Verschoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Callender LA, Carroll EC, Beal RWJ, Chambers ES, Nourshargh S, Akbar AN, Henson SM. Human CD8 + EMRA T cells display a senescence-associated secretory phenotype regulated by p38 MAPK. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29024417 PMCID: PMC5770853 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is accompanied by a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We show here that primary human senescent CD8+ T cells also display a SASP comprising chemokines, cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling proteases that are unique to this subset and contribute to age‐associated inflammation. We found the CD8+CD45RA+CD27−EMRA subset to be the most heterogeneous, with a population aligning with the naïve T cells and another with a closer association to the effector memory subset. However, despite the differing processes that give rise to these senescent CD8+ T cells once generated, they both adopt a unique secretory profile with no commonality to any other subset, aligning more closely with senescence than quiescence. Furthermore, we also show that the SASP observed in senescent CD8+ T cells is governed by p38 MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Callender
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Elizabeth C. Carroll
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Robert W. J. Beal
- Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Emma S. Chambers
- Division of Infection and Immunity; University College London; London WC1E 6JF UK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity; University College London; London WC1E 6JF UK
| | - Sian M. Henson
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
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CD8+CD28- T cells: not only age-related cells but a subset of regulatory T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:734-736. [PMID: 29375130 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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van der Heiden M, Berbers GAM, Fuentes S, van Zelm MC, Boots AMH, Buisman AM. An Explorative Biomarker Study for Vaccine Responsiveness after a Primary Meningococcal Vaccination in Middle-Aged Adults. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1962. [PMID: 29375578 PMCID: PMC5768620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prevention of infectious diseases in the elderly is essential to establish healthy aging. Yet, immunological aging impairs successful vaccination of the elderly. Predictive biomarkers for vaccine responsiveness in middle-aged adults may help to identify responders and non-responders before reaching old age. Therefore, we aimed to determine biomarkers associated with low and high responsiveness toward a primary vaccination in middle-aged adults, for which a tetravalent meningococcal vaccine was used as a model. Methods Middle-aged adults (50–65 years of age, N = 100), receiving a tetravalent meningococcal vaccination, were divided into low and high responders using the functional antibody titers at 28 days postvaccination. A total of 48 parameters, including absolute numbers of immune cells and serum levels of cytokines and biochemical markers, were determined prevaccination in all participants. Heat maps and multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to reveal immune phenotype characteristics and associations of the low and high responders. Results Several significant differences in prevaccination immune markers were observed between the low and high vaccine responders. Moreover, RDA analysis revealed a significant association between the prevaccination immune phenotype and vaccine responsiveness. In particular, our analysis pointed at high numbers of CD4 T cells, especially naïve CD4 and regulatory T subsets, to be associated with low vaccine responsiveness. In addition, low responders showed lower prevaccination IL-1Ra levels than high responders. Conclusion This explorative biomarker study shows associations between the prevaccination immune phenotype and vaccine responsiveness after a primary meningococcal vaccination in middle-aged adults. Consequently, these results provide a basis for predictive biomarker discovery for vaccine responsiveness that will require validation in larger cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van der Heiden
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Susana Fuentes
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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230
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The influence and impact of ageing and immunosenescence (ISC) on adaptive immunity during multiple sclerosis (MS) and the animal counterpart experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:64-81. [PMID: 29101043 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human ageing process encompasses mechanisms that effect a decline in homeostasis with increased susceptibility to disease and the development of chronic life-threatening illness. Increasing age affects the immune system which undergoes a progressive loss of efficiency, termed immunosenescence (ISC), to impact on quantitative and functional aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. The human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS) and the corresponding animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are strongly governed by immunological events that primarily involve the adaptive arm of the immune response. MS and EAE are frequently characterised by a chronic pathology and a protracted disease course which thereby creates the potential for exposure to the inherent, on-going effects and consequences of ISC. Collective evidence is presented to confirm the occurrence of established and unendorsed biological markers of ISC during the development of both diseases. Moreover, results are discussed from studies during the course of MS and EAE that reveal a premature upregulation of ISC-related biomarkers which indicates untimely alterations to the adaptive immune system. The effects of ISC and a prematurely aged immune system on autoimmune-associated neurodegenerative conditions such as MS and EAE are largely unknown but current evaluation of data justifies and encourages further investigation.
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231
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Brummelman J, Pilipow K, Lugli E. The Single-Cell Phenotypic Identity of Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:63-124. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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232
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Xu-Monette ZY, Zhang M, Li J, Young KH. PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade: Have We Found the Key to Unleash the Antitumor Immune Response? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1597. [PMID: 29255458 PMCID: PMC5723106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1–PD-L1 interaction is known to drive T cell dysfunction, which can be blocked by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. However, studies have also shown that the function of the PD-1–PD-L1 axis is affected by the complex immunologic regulation network, and some CD8+ T cells can enter an irreversible dysfunctional state that cannot be rescued by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. In most advanced cancers, except Hodgkin lymphoma (which has high PD-L1/L2 expression) and melanoma (which has high tumor mutational burden), the objective response rate with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy is only ~20%, and immune-related toxicities and hyperprogression can occur in a small subset of patients during PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. The lack of efficacy in up to 80% of patients was not necessarily associated with negative PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, suggesting that the roles of PD-1/PD-L1 in immune suppression and the mechanisms of action of antibodies remain to be better defined. In addition, important immune regulatory mechanisms within or outside of the PD-1/PD-L1 network need to be discovered and targeted to increase the response rate and to reduce the toxicities of immune checkpoint blockade therapies. This paper reviews the major functional and clinical studies of PD-1/PD-L1, including those with discrepancies in the pathologic and biomarker role of PD-1 and PD-L1 and the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. The goal is to improve understanding of the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy, as well as enhance the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance mechanisms and unleash the antitumor immune response to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, JiangSu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, NanJing, JiangSu Province, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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233
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Jeng MY, Hull PA, Fei M, Kwon HS, Tsou CL, Kasler H, Ng CP, Gordon DE, Johnson J, Krogan N, Verdin E, Ott M. Metabolic reprogramming of human CD8 + memory T cells through loss of SIRT1. J Exp Med 2017; 215:51-62. [PMID: 29191913 PMCID: PMC5748845 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved SIRT1–FoxO1 axis plays a new role in human CD8+ T cell metabolism and function. Progression from the naive to the terminally differentiated memory state is accompanied by the loss of SIRT1 and FoxO1 expression, which derepresses glycolytic and cytotoxic capacities of CD8+CD28– T cells under resting conditions. The expansion of CD8+CD28– T cells, a population of terminally differentiated memory T cells, is one of the most consistent immunological changes in humans during aging. CD8+CD28– T cells are highly cytotoxic, and their frequency is linked to many age-related diseases. As they do not accumulate in mice, many of the molecular mechanisms regulating their fate and function remain unclear. In this paper, we find that human CD8+CD28– T cells, under resting conditions, have an enhanced capacity to use glycolysis, a function linked to decreased expression of the NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1. Global gene expression profiling identified the transcription factor FoxO1 as a SIRT1 target involved in transcriptional reprogramming of CD8+CD28– T cells. FoxO1 is proteasomally degraded in SIRT1-deficient CD8+CD28– T cells, and inhibiting its activity in resting CD8+CD28+ T cells enhanced glycolytic capacity and granzyme B production as in CD8+CD28– T cells. These data identify the evolutionarily conserved SIRT1–FoxO1 axis as a regulator of resting CD8+ memory T cell metabolism and activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Y Jeng
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Philip A Hull
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mingjian Fei
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hye-Sook Kwon
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Herb Kasler
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Che-Ping Ng
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - David E Gordon
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Quantitative Biology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffrey Johnson
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Quantitative Biology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nevan Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,Quantitative Biology Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA .,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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234
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Aged T cells and cardiovascular disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:1009-1010. [PMID: 29176745 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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235
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Subhi Y, Nielsen MK, Molbech CR, Oishi A, Singh A, Nissen MH, Sørensen TL. T-cell differentiation and CD56+ levels in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:2436-2452. [PMID: 29165313 PMCID: PMC5723695 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are prevalent age-related diseases characterized by exudative changes in the macula. Although they share anatomical and clinical similarities, they are also distinctly characterized by their own features, e.g. vascular abnormalities in PCV and drusen-mediated progression in neovascular AMD. PCV remains etiologically uncharacterized, and ongoing discussion is whether PCV and neovascular AMD share the same etiology or constitute two substantially different diseases. In this study, we investigated T-cell differentiation and aging profile in human patients with PCV, patients with neovascular AMD, and age-matched healthy control individuals. Fresh venous blood was prepared for flow cytometry to investigate CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell differentiation (naïve, central memory, effector memory, effector memory CD45ra+), loss of differentiation markers CD27 and CD28, and expression of aging marker CD56. Patients with PCV were similar to the healthy controls in all aspects. In patients with neovascular AMD we found significantly accelerated T-cell differentiation (more CD28-CD27- cells) and aging (more CD56+ cells) in the CD8+ T-cell compartment. These findings suggest that PCV and neovascular AMD are etiologically different in terms of T cell immunity, and that neovascular AMD is associated with T-cell immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Subhi
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Krogh Nielsen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher Rue Molbech
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Akio Oishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö-Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Eye Research Unit, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Clinical Eye Research Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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236
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CD28neg. T lymphocytes of a melanoma patient harbor tumor immunity and a high frequency of germline-encoded and public TCRs. Immunol Res 2017; 66:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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237
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Wang C, Zhang T, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu C, Liu H, Li L, Ding K, Wang T, Wang H, Shao Z, Fu R. The shortening telomere length of T lymphocytes maybe associated with hyper‑function in servere aplastic anemia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1015-1021. [PMID: 29115638 PMCID: PMC5780068 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a primary disorder of severe bone marrow failure characterizing with extreme pancytopenia and a profound diminution of bone marrow progenitor cells, which is associated with T cell hyper‑function. Abnormal telomere shortening of bone marrow mononuclear cell has been reported in AA, which may lead to genomic instability, and result in cell senescence or apoptosis. Notably, certain studies identfieid that lymphocytes of shortening telomere length have undergone apoptosis escape in autoimmune diseases. In order to investigate the association between telomere lengths and function of T lymphocytes in SAA, the relative telomere lengths (RTLs) of different subtypes of T lymphocytes were investigated by flow‑fluorescent in situ hybridization in 30 patients with SAA and 25 healthy controls. Then the levels of expression of cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28), CD158 and CD70 were measured, which represent the function of T lymphocytes. The apoptosis rate and the cell cycle progression of CD8+T lymphocytes, and the level of secretion interferon‑γ and tumor necrosis factor‑α were also measured. Finally, the correlation between telomere length and these functional events of CD8+T lymphocytes was analyzed in patients with SAA. The results showed that RTLs of CD8+T lymphocytes in SAA were significantly shorter compared with those in controls. Furthermore, in patients with SAA, CD8+T lymphocytes are associated with T cell hyper‑function, which is related to the RTL. Thus, the shorter RTLs of CD8+T lymphocytes in SAA may be associated with hyper‑function of these cells, which contribute to the pathogenesis of SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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238
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Lai TP, Zhang N, Noh J, Mender I, Tedone E, Huang E, Wright WE, Danuser G, Shay JW. A method for measuring the distribution of the shortest telomeres in cells and tissues. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1356. [PMID: 29116081 PMCID: PMC5676791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved methods to measure the shortest (not just average) telomere lengths (TLs) are needed. We developed Telomere Shortest Length Assay (TeSLA), a technique that detects telomeres from all chromosome ends from <1 kb to 18 kb using small amounts of input DNA. TeSLA improves the specificity and efficiency of TL measurements that is facilitated by user friendly image-processing software to automatically detect and annotate band sizes, calculate average TL, as well as the percent of the shortest telomeres. Compared with other TL measurement methods, TeSLA provides more information about the shortest telomeres. The length of telomeres was measured longitudinally in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during human aging, in tissues during colon cancer progression, in telomere-related diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in mice and other organisms. The results indicate that TeSLA is a robust method that provides a better understanding of the shortest length of telomeres. Short telomeres are a hallmark of senescence and can result in genomic instability as well as cancer progression. Here, the authors present TeSLA, a technique to accurately detect telomeres under 1 kb in length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Po Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jungsik Noh
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ilgen Mender
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Enzo Tedone
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ejun Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Woodring E Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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239
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Ferrara R, Mezquita L, Auclin E, Chaput N, Besse B. Immunosenescence and immunecheckpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients: Does age really matter? Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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240
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Dedeoglu B, Litjens NHR, de Weerd AE, Dor FJ, Klepper M, Reijerkerk D, Baan CC, Betjes MGH. T-Cell Composition of the Lymph Node Is Associated with the Risk for Early Rejection after Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1416. [PMID: 29163492 PMCID: PMC5663687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The T-cell composition within the lymph node (LN) of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients differs from the composition within the circulation. Activation of the alloreactive T-cell response within secondary lymphoid organs is important after organ transplantation. However, to date no data are present on LN T-cell subsets and the risk for acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Methods T cells from LNs of ESRD patients were analyzed for frequency of recent thymic emigrants, relative telomere length, expression of differentiation markers, and were related to the development of early acute rejection (EAR), occurring within 3 months after renal transplantation (RT). Furthermore, the alloreactive potential of mononuclear cells isolated from the LN and peripheral blood of 10 patients was analyzed. Measures of alloreactive potential included proliferation, cytokine production, frequencies of interferon-gamma-producing cells, and the presence of cytotoxic molecules. Results Patients with EAR were younger (p = 0.019), cytomegalovirus-seropositive (p = 0.037) and usually received dialysis prior to RT (p = 0.030). Next to this, patients with EAR showed a lower CD4:CD8 ratio (p = 0.027) within the LN. T cells from the LN were similar with regard to alloreactive capacity compared with those within the circulation. Univariate regression analysis showed that the CD4:CD8 ratio (OR: 0.67, p = 0.039), patient age (OR: 0.93, p = 0.024), and preemptive RT (OR: 0.11, p = 0.046) were associated with EAR. After a multivariate analysis, only the CD4:CD8 ratio (OR: 0.58, p = 0.019) and preemptive RT (OR:0.05, p = 0.012) were associated with EAR. Conclusion A lower CD4:CD8 ratio in the LN is associated with a higher risk for the development of rejection within 3 months after RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burç Dedeoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies E de Weerd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank Jmf Dor
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Derek Reijerkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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241
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Pallikkuth S, de Armas L, Rinaldi S, Pahwa S. T Follicular Helper Cells and B Cell Dysfunction in Aging and HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1380. [PMID: 29109730 PMCID: PMC5660291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4 T cells that provide critical signals to antigen-primed B cells in germinal centers to undergo proliferation, isotype switching, and somatic hypermutation to generate long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells during an immune response. The quantity and quality of Tfh cells therefore must be tightly controlled to prevent immune dysfunction in the form of autoimmunity and, on the other hand, immune deficiency. Both Tfh and B cell perturbations appear during HIV infection resulting in impaired antibody responses to vaccines such as seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine, also seen in biologic aging. Although many of the HIV-associated defects improve with antiretroviral therapy (ART), excess immune activation and antigen-specific B and T cell responses including Tfh function are still impaired in virologically controlled HIV-infected persons on ART. Interestingly, HIV infected individuals experience increased risk of age-associated pathologies. This review will discuss Tfh and B cell dysfunction in HIV infection and highlight the impact of chronic HIV infection and aging on Tfh-B cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lesley de Armas
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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242
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Fuschiotti P. Current perspectives on the role of CD8+ T cells in systemic sclerosis. Immunol Lett 2017; 195:55-60. [PMID: 28987475 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite long-standing recognition of the importance of T cells in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), the role of CD8+ T cells in disease pathogenesis has not been well studied. Our work has shown that over-production of the pro-fibrotic cytokine IL-13 by peripheral blood effector/memory CD8+ T cells is critical for predisposing patients to more severe forms of cutaneous fibrosis. Moreover, IL-13-producing CD8+ T cells induce a pro-fibrotic phenotype in normal and SSc dermal fibroblasts, and exhibit a strong cytotoxic activity ex vivo. We also found that CD8+ T cells are predominantly abundant in the skin lesions of patients in the early stages of diffuse cutaneous (dc)SSc compare to late-stage disease patients. Isolation of CD8+ T cells from the lesional skin of early active dcSSc patients, established that they are skin-resident, express cytolytic molecules and co-express extremely high levels of IL-13 and IFNγ. Other recent studies corroborate these findings and together strongly suggest that CD8+ T cells contribute to SSc pathogenesis through the production of high levels of cytokines with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic function as well as by exhibiting a cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Fuschiotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, S709 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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243
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Tetanus Toxoid carrier protein induced T-helper cell responses upon vaccination of middle-aged adults. Vaccine 2017; 35:5581-5588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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244
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Clouthier DL, Ohashi PS. Costimulation, a surprising connection for immunotherapy. Science 2017; 355:1373-1374. [PMID: 28360282 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek L Clouthier
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Marciani DJ. Effects of immunomodulators on the response induced by vaccines against autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:393-402. [PMID: 28906131 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1373766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A promising treatment for T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases is the induction of immune tolerance by modulating the immune response against self-antigens, an objective that may be achieved by vaccination. There are two main types of vaccines currently under development. The tolerogenic vaccines, composed of proteins formed by a cytokine fused to a self-antigen, which usually induce tolerance by eliminating the T-cells that are immune reactive against the self-antigen. The immunogenic vaccines, comprised of a self-antigen plus a sole Th2 adjuvant either free or conjugated, that alleviate autoimmunity by switching the immune response against the self-antigen, from a damaging pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 to an anti-inflammatory Th2 immunity. Another type of vaccines is the DNA vaccines, where cells transiently express the self-antigen encoded by DNA, which induces a Th2 immunity. Actually, DNA vaccines can benefit from the presence of an adjuvant that elicits a systemic sole Th2 immunity to enhance the initially weak immune response characteristic of these vaccines. While in the tolerogenic vaccines, cytokines are the endogenous immunomodulators, in the immunogenic vaccines, the adjuvants are exogenous agents that elicit Th2 immunity with a production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antibodies against the self-antigen. Because the commonly used Th2 adjuvant alum, fails to induce an effective immunity in the elderly population, it is unlikely that it would be widely used. Another Th2 adjuvant, the oil/water emulsions mixed with the antigen, while effective in vaccines against infectious agents, due to potential aldehydes in their formulation may be not suitable for autoimmune vaccines. A unique compound is glatiramer, which seems to be both a random polypeptide antigen and an immune modulator that biases the response to Th2 immunity. Its mechanism of action seems to implicate binding to MHC-II, which alters the outcome of T-cell signaling, leading to anergy. Glatiramer, while effective in the treatment of multiple sclerosis has not shown efficacy in other autoimmune diseases. An important new group of promising sole Th2 adjuvants are the fucosylated glycans, which by binding to DC-SIGN bias dendritic cells to Th2 immunity while inhibiting Th1/Th7 immunities. These glycans are similar to those produced by parasitic helminths to prevent inflammatory responses by mammalian hosts. A novel group of sole Th2 adjuvants are some plant-derived fucosylated triterpene glycosides, which share the immune modulatory properties from the fucosylated glycans. These glycosides have also an aldehyde group that delivers an alternative co-stimulatory signal to T-cells, averting the anergy associated with aging due to the loss of the CD28 receptor on T-cells. Hence, the development of vaccines to treat and/or prevent autoimmune conditions and some proteopathies, will significantly benefit from the availability of new sole Th2 adjuvants that while inducing an anti-inflammatory immunity, they do not abrogate pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 immunities.
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Mathews DV, Wakwe WC, Kim SC, Lowe MC, Breeden C, Roberts ME, Farris AB, Strobert EA, Jenkins JB, Larsen CP, Ford ML, Townsend R, Adams AB. Belatacept-Resistant Rejection Is Associated With CD28 + Memory CD8 T Cells. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2285-2299. [PMID: 28502128 PMCID: PMC5573634 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, newer therapies have been designed to more specifically target rejection in an effort to improve efficacy and limit unwanted toxicity. Belatacept, a CD28-CD80/86 specific reagent, is associated with superior patient survival and graft function compared with traditional therapy, but its adoption as a mainstay immunosuppressive therapy has been tempered by increased rejection rates. It is essential that the underlying mechanisms associated with this rejection be elucidated before belatacept is more widely used. To that end, we designed a study in a nonhuman primate kidney transplant model where animals were treated with either a belatacept- or a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen. Interestingly, we found that elevated pretransplant frequencies of CD28+ CD8+ TEMRA cells are associated with rejection on belatacept but not tacrolimus treatment. Further analysis showed that the CD28+ CD8+ TEMRA cells rapidly lose CD28 expression after transplant in those animals that go on to reject with the allograft infiltrate being predominantly CD28- . These data suggest that CD28+ memory T cells may be resistant to belatacept, capable of further differentiation including loss of CD28 expression while maintaining effector function. The unique signaling requirements of CD28+ memory T cells provide opportunities for the development of targeted therapies, which may synergize with belatacept to prevent costimulation-independent rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - WC Wakwe
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - SC Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - MC Lowe
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - C Breeden
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - AB Farris
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - JB Jenkins
- Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - CP Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA,Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - ML Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - AB Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA,Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA
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Cortes-Cerisuelo M, Laurie SJ, Mathews DV, Winterberg PD, Larsen CP, Adams AB, Ford ML. Increased Pretransplant Frequency of CD28 + CD4 + T EM Predicts Belatacept-Resistant Rejection in Human Renal Transplant Recipients. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2350-2362. [PMID: 28502091 PMCID: PMC5599135 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While most human T cells express the CD28 costimulatory molecule constitutively, it is well known that age, inflammation, and viral infection can drive the generation of CD28null T cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that CD28null cell effector function is not impacted by the presence of the CD28 costimulation blocker belatacept. As such, a prevailing hypothesis suggests that CD28null cells may precipitate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection. However, CD28+ cells possess more proliferative and multifunctional capacity, factors that may increase their ability to successfully mediate rejection. Here, we performed a retrospective immunophenotypic analysis of adult renal transplant recipients who experienced acute rejection on belatacept treatment as compared to those who did not. Intriguingly, our findings suggest that patients possessing higher frequency of CD28+ CD4+ TEM prior to transplant were more likely to experience acute rejection following treatment with a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen. Mechanistically, CD28+ CD4+ TEM contained significantly more IL-2 producers. In contrast, CD28null CD4+ TEM isolated from stable belatacept-treated patients exhibited higher expression of the 2B4 coinhibitory molecule as compared to those isolated from patients who rejected. These data raise the possibility that pretransplant frequencies of CD28+ CD4+ TEM could be used as a biomarker to predict risk of rejection following treatment with belatacept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - A B Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - M L Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
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248
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Gardner JK, Mamotte CD, Jackaman C, Nelson DJ. Modulation of dendritic cell and T cell cross-talk during aging: The potential role of checkpoint inhibitory molecules. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 38:40-51. [PMID: 28736117 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) undergo continuous changes throughout life, and there is evidence that elderly DCs have a reduced capacity to stimulate T cells, which may contribute to impaired anti-tumour immune responses in elderly people with cancer. Changes in checkpoint inhibitory molecules/pathways during aging may be one mechanism that impairs the ability of elderly DCs to activate T cells. However, little is currently known regarding the combined effects of aging and cancer on DC and T cell inhibitory molecules/pathways. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the influence of aging and cancer on key DC and T cell inhibitory molecules/pathways, the potential underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to their modulation, and the possibility of therapeutically targeting inhibitory molecules in elderly cancer patients.
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249
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Yu HT, Youn JC, Kim JH, Seong YJ, Park SH, Kim HC, Lee WW, Park S, Shin EC. Arterial Stiffness Is Associated With Cytomegalovirus-Specific Senescent CD8 + T Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006535. [PMID: 28847915 PMCID: PMC5634298 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness is a well‐known predictor of future cardiovascular events. Search for the underlying mechanism of arterial stiffening is still under way. We investigated the relationship between arterial stiffness and cytomegalovirus infection in terms of T‐cell senescence. Methods and Results Arterial stiffness was evaluated using pulse wave velocity measurements in 415 Koreans (age 59±12 years). We also investigated the frequency of CD57+ or CD28null senescent T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes and analyzed which immune parameters were correlated with pulse wave velocity. Furthermore, cytomegalovirus‐specific T cells were stimulated with overlapping peptides covering pp65 protein, and T‐cell function was evaluated by intracellular cytokine staining of interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and CD107a. In a multivariate analysis, it was found that the frequency of CD57+ cells in the CD8+ T‐cell subset was independently correlated with pulse wave velocity after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, diabetes mellitus history, smoking history, body mass index, blood pressure, serum creatinine, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Cytomegalovirus pp65‐specific T cells were more frequently observed in the CD8+CD57+ population than in the CD8+CD57− population, and multivariate analysis revealed that the frequency of cytomegalovirus pp65‐specific interferon‐γ+, tumor necrosis factor‐α+, or CD107a+ cells in the CD8+ T‐cell subset was independently correlated with pulse wave velocity as well. Conclusions We demonstrate that arterial stiffness is associated with senescent CD57+ T cells and CMV pp65‐specific T cells in the CD8+ T‐cell subset. The precise role of cytomegalovirus‐specific, senescent T cells in vascular aging needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Tae Yu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.,Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Youn
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.,Division of Cardiology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Seong
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Vaccinology, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
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Abstract
Systems-biology approaches in immunology take various forms, but here we review strategies for measuring a broad swath of immunological functions as a means of discovering previously unknown relationships and phenomena and as a powerful way of understanding the immune system as a whole. This approach has rejuvenated the field of vaccine development and has fostered hope that new ways will be found to combat infectious diseases that have proven refractory to classical approaches. Systems immunology also presents an important new strategy for understanding human immunity directly, taking advantage of the many ways the immune system of humans can be manipulated.
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