201
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Chen N, Tsai TC, Hsu KS. Exposure to Novelty Promotes Long-Term Contextual Fear Memory Formation in Juvenile Mice: Evidence for a Behavioral Tagging. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3956-3968. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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202
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Mercerón-Martínez D, Almaguer-Melian W, Alberti-Amador E, Calderón-Peña R, Bergado JA. Amygdala stimulation ameliorates memory impairments and promotes c-Fos activity in fimbria-fornix-lesioned rats. Synapse 2020; 74:e22179. [PMID: 32621298 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently we provided data showing that amygdala stimulation can ameliorate spatial memory impairments in rats with lesion in the fimbria-fornix (FF). The mechanisms for this improvement involve early gene expression and synthesis of BDNF, MAP-2, and GAP43 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Now we have studied which brain structures are activated by the amygdala using c-Fos as a marker of neural activation. First, we studied neuronal activation after tetanic stimulation to the amygdala in intact rats. We then carried out a second study in FF-lesioned rats in which the amygdala was stimulated 15 min after daily spatial memory training in the water maze. Our results showed that amygdala stimulation produces widespread brain activation, that includes cortical, thalamic, and brain stem structures. Activation was particularly intense in the dentate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex. Training in the water maze increased c-Fos positive nuclei in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in medial prefrontal cortex. Amygdala stimulation to trained FF-lesioned rats induced an increase of neural activity in the dentate gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex relative to the FF-lesioned, but not stimulated group, like the c-Fos activity seen in trained control rats. Based on these and previous results we explain the mechanisms of amygdala reinforcement of neural plasticity and the partial recovery of spatial memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daymara Mercerón-Martínez
- Department of Experimental Neurophysiology, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Havana, Cuba
| | - William Almaguer-Melian
- Department of Experimental Neurophysiology, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Havana, Cuba
| | - Esteban Alberti-Amador
- Department of Experimental Neurophysiology, International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Jorge A Bergado
- Universidad del Sinú "Elías Bechara Zainum", Montería, Colombia
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203
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Straub RH. The memory of the fatty acid system. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101049. [PMID: 32589906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mental memory system has sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Working memory "keeps things in mind in parallel" when performing complex tasks. Similar aspects can be found for immunological memory. However, there exists another one, the memory of the fatty acid system. This article shows sensory memory of the fatty acid system, which is the perception apparatus of small intestine enterocytes (CD36, SR-B1, FATP4, FABP1, FABP2) and hepatocytes. In these cells, the fatty acid short-term memory is located, consisting of a cytoplasmic lipid droplet cycle. Similar like a working memory in the brain, the short-term memory of enterocytes and hepatocytes use parallel processing and recourse to long-term fatty acid memory. The fatty acid long-term memory is far away from these primary points of uptake. It is located in the adipocyte and in cellular membranes. The process of building a fatty acid memory is described with constructs like sensing environmental material, encoding, consolidation, long-term storage, retrieval, re-encoding, re-consolidation, and renewed long-term storage. The article illustrates the dynamics of building a fatty acid memory, the information content of fatty acids including the code, the roles of fatty acids in the body, and a new understanding of the expression "you are what you eat". The memory of the fatty acid system, plays a decisive role in integrating environmental signals over time (diet and microbiome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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204
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La Touche R, Paris-Alemany A, Suso-Martí L, Martín-Alcocer N, Mercado F, Cuenca-Martínez F. Pain memory in patients with chronic pain versus asymptomatic individuals: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:1741-1751. [PMID: 32573001 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of this study was to assess pain memory as well as long-term episodic memory, both in patients with chronic pain (CP) and in asymptomatic participants (AP). METHODS A prospective cohort study design was used. Sixty-eight participants were divided into two groups: CP (n = 34) and AP (n = 34). The protocol consisted of taking eight tests, four painful provocation tests and four distracting tests, and completing a memory test on the order of the tests at the end of the experiment and at 1-month post-experiment. RESULTS Patients with CP showed acceptable concordance in the classification, in ascending order from lower to higher pain perception, both post-experiment and 1-month post-experiment (κ = 0.41-0.60, p < .001). No differences were found regarding recall of the order of the tests, but differences were found in painful tests isolated only post-experiment in the CP group with a moderate effect size (p < .05, d = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CP had a more reliable memory than AP in relation to the memory of the pain caused experimentally until at least 1 month after the experiment. Interspersing distraction tests appeared to result in increased complexity and difficulty in coding and decoding information in patients with CP, leading to similar reliable long-term memory consolidation in comparison with AP. SIGNIFICANCE Treatments directed towards chronic pain should consider the influence of painful memories and their establishment towards long-term explicit episodic memories in patients with chronic pain, as well as the influence of cognitive-evaluative and affective-motivational variables on memory. Not causing pain while implementing a treatment whose objective is to reduce pain could reduce the probability of developing new painful memories in patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy La Touche
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios, Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Paris-Alemany
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios, Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencia y Dolor Craneofacial (INDCRAN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Suso-Martí
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Martín-Alcocer
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios, Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Department of Psychology, Psychobiology Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Cuenca-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Superior de Estudios, Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento (INCIMOV), Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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205
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Propofol Modulates Early Memory Consolidation in Humans. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0537-19.2020. [PMID: 32295771 PMCID: PMC7307630 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0537-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of memory across time is crucial for adaptive behavior. Current theories posit that the underlying consolidation process depends on stabilization of synapses and reorganization of interactions between hippocampus and neocortex. However, the temporal properties of hippocampal-neocortical network reconfiguration during consolidation are still a matter of debate. Translational research on this issue is challenged by the paucity of techniques to transiently interfere with memory in the healthy human brain. Here, we report a neuro-pharmacological approach with the GABAAergic anesthetic propofol and a memory task sensitive to hippocampal dysfunction. Patients undergoing minor surgery learned word lists before injection of an anesthetic dose of propofol. Results show that administration of the drug shortly after learning (∼13 min) impairs recall after awakening but spares recognition. By contrast, later administration (∼105 min) has no effect. These findings suggest significant changes in memory networks very early after learning that are decisive for later recall. Propofol general anesthesia provides an experimental tool to modulate the first steps of hippocampus-mediated memory consolidation in humans.
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206
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Inayat S, Qandeel, Nazariahangarkolaee M, Singh S, McNaughton BL, Whishaw IQ, Mohajerani MH. Low acetylcholine during early sleep is important for motor memory consolidation. Sleep 2020; 43:zsz297. [PMID: 31825510 PMCID: PMC7294415 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptic homeostasis theory of sleep proposes that low neurotransmitter activity in sleep optimizes memory consolidation. We tested this theory by asking whether increasing acetylcholine levels during early sleep would weaken motor memory consolidation. We trained separate groups of adult mice on the rotarod walking task and the single pellet reaching task, and after training, administered physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to increase cholinergic tone in subsequent sleep. Post-sleep testing showed that physostigmine impaired motor skill acquisition of both tasks. Home-cage video monitoring and electrophysiology revealed that physostigmine disrupted sleep structure, delayed non-rapid-eye-movement sleep onset, and reduced slow-wave power in the hippocampus and cortex. Additional experiments showed that: (1) the impaired performance associated with physostigmine was not due to its effects on sleep structure, as 1 h of sleep deprivation after training did not impair rotarod performance, (2) a reduction in cholinergic tone by inactivation of cholinergic neurons during early sleep did not affect rotarod performance, and (3) stimulating or blocking muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors did not impair rotarod performance. Taken together, the experiments suggest that the increased slow wave activity and inactivation of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors during early sleep due to reduced acetylcholine contribute to motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsoon Inayat
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qandeel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Surjeet Singh
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce L McNaughton
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Ian Q Whishaw
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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207
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Packard PA, Steiger TK, Fuentemilla L, Bunzeck N. Neural oscillations and event-related potentials reveal how semantic congruence drives long-term memory in both young and older humans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9116. [PMID: 32499519 PMCID: PMC7272459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory can improve when incoming information is congruent with known semantic information. This so-called congruence effect has widely been shown in younger adults, but age-related changes and neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, congruence improved recognition memory in younger and older adults (i.e. congruence effect), with only weak evidence for age-related decline in one behavioral study. In an EEG study, however, no significant behavioral differences in the congruence effect could be observed between age-groups. In line with this observation, electroencephalography data show that, in both groups, congruence led to widespread differences in Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), starting at around 400 ms after stimulus onset, and theta, alpha and beta oscillations (4-20 Hz). Importantly, these congruence-related ERPs were associated to increases in memory performance for congruent items, in both age groups. Finally, the described ERPs and neural oscillations in the theta-alpha range (5-13 Hz) were less pronounced in the elderly despite a preserved congruence effect. Together, semantic congruence increases long-term memory across the lifespan, and, at the neural level, this could be linked to neural oscillations in the theta, alpha and beta range, as well as ERPs that were previously associated with semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau A Packard
- Institute of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Tineke K Steiger
- Institute of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lluís Fuentemilla
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nico Bunzeck
- Institute of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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208
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Bréchet L, Hausmann SB, Mange R, Herbelin B, Blanke O, Serino A. Subjective feeling of re-experiencing past events using immersive virtual reality prevents a loss of episodic memory. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01571. [PMID: 32342631 PMCID: PMC7303386 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personally meaningful past episodes, defined as episodic memories (EM), are subjectively re-experienced from the natural perspective and location of one's own body, as described by bodily self-consciousness (BSC). Neurobiological mechanisms of memory consolidation suggest how initially irrelevant episodes may be remembered, if related information makes them gain importance later in time, leading for instance, to a retroactive memory strengthening in humans. METHODS Using an immersive virtual reality system, we were able to directly manipulate the presence or absence of one's body, which seems to prevent a loss of initially irrelevant, self-unrelated past events. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our findings provide an evidence that personally meaningful memories of our past are not fixed, but may be strengthened by later events, and that body-related integration is important for the successful recall of episodic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bréchet
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien B Hausmann
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robin Mange
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Serino
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,MySpace Lab, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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209
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210
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Dringenberg HC. The history of long-term potentiation as a memory mechanism: Controversies, confirmation, and some lessons to remember. Hippocampus 2020; 30:987-1012. [PMID: 32442358 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP) provided the first, direct evidence for long-lasting synaptic plasticity in the living brain. Consequently, LTP was proposed to serve as a mechanism for information storage among neurons, thus providing the basis for the behavioral and psychological phenomena of learning and long-term memory formation. However, for several decades, the LTP-memory hypothesis remained highly controversial, with inconsistent and contradictory evidence providing a barrier to its general acceptance. This review summarizes the history of these early debates, challenges, and experimental strategies (successful and unsuccessful) to establish a link between LTP and memory. Together, the empirical evidence, gathered over a period of about four decades, strongly suggests that LTP serves as one of the mechanisms affording learning and memory storage in neuronal circuits. Notably, this body of work also offers some important lessons that apply to the broader fields of behavioral and cognitive neuroscience. As such, the history of LTP as a learning mechanism provides valuable insights to neuroscientists exploring the relations between brain and psychological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Dringenberg
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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211
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Tukker JJ, Beed P, Schmitz D, Larkum ME, Sachdev RNS. Up and Down States and Memory Consolidation Across Somatosensory, Entorhinal, and Hippocampal Cortices. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:22. [PMID: 32457582 PMCID: PMC7227438 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of a day, brain states fluctuate, from conscious awake information-acquiring states to sleep states, during which previously acquired information is further processed and stored as memories. One hypothesis is that memories are consolidated and stored during "offline" states such as sleep, a process thought to involve transfer of information from the hippocampus to other cortical areas. Up and Down states (UDS), patterns of activity that occur under anesthesia and sleep states, are likely to play a role in this process, although the nature of this role remains unclear. Here we review what is currently known about these mechanisms in three anatomically distinct but interconnected cortical areas: somatosensory cortex, entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampus. In doing so, we consider the role of this activity in the coordination of "replay" during sleep states, particularly during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples. We conclude that understanding the generation and propagation of UDS may provide key insights into the cortico-hippocampal dialogue linking archi- and neocortical areas during memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Tukker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Prateep Beed
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew E Larkum
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
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212
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van Kesteren MTR, Meeter M. How to optimize knowledge construction in the brain. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2020; 5:5. [PMID: 32655882 PMCID: PMC7339924 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-020-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Well-structured knowledge allows us to quickly understand the world around us and make informed decisions to adequately control behavior. Knowledge structures, or schemas, are presumed to aid memory encoding and consolidation of new experiences so we cannot only remember the past, but also guide behavior in the present and predict the future. However, very strong schemas can also lead to unwanted side effects such as false memories and misconceptions. To overcome this overreliance on a schema, we should aim to create robust schemas that are on the one hand strong enough to help to remember and predict, but also malleable enough to avoid such undesirable side effects. This raises the question as to whether there are ways to deliberately influence knowledge construction processes, with the goal to reach such optimally balanced schemas. Here, we will discuss how the mnemonic processes in our brains build long-term knowledge and, more specifically, how different phases of memory formation (encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and reconsolidation) contribute to this schema build-up. We finally provide ways how to best keep a balance between generalized semantic and detailed episodic memories, which can prove very useful in, e.g., educational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke Tina Renée van Kesteren
- Section of Education Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Meeter
- Section of Education Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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213
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Tominaga-Yoshino K, Urakubo T, Ueno Y, Kawaai K, Saito S, Tashiro T, Ogura A. Transient appearance of Ca 2+ -permeable AMPA receptors is crucial for the production of repetitive LTP-induced synaptic enhancement (RISE) in cultured hippocampal slices. Hippocampus 2020; 30:763-769. [PMID: 32320117 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that repetitive induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by glutamate (100 μM, 3 min, three times at 24-hr intervals) provoked long-lasting synaptic enhancement accompanied by synaptogenesis in rat hippocampal slice cultures, a phenomenon termed RISE (repetitive LTP-induced synaptic enhancement). Here, we examined the role of Ca2+ -permeable (CP) AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in the establishment of RISE. We first found a component sensitive to the Joro-spider toxin (JSTX), a blocker of CP-AMPARs, in a field EPSP recorded from CA3-CA1 synapses at 2-3 days after stimulation, but this component was not found for 9-10 days. We also observed that rectification of AMPAR-mediated current appeared only 2-3 days after stimulation, using a whole-cell patch clamp recording from CA1 pyramidal neurons. These findings indicate that CP-AMPAR is transiently expressed in the developing phase of RISE. The blockade of CP-AMPARs by JSTX for 24 hr at this developing phase inhibited RISE establishment, accompanied by the loss of small synapses at the ultrastructural level. These results suggest that transiently induced CP-AMPARs play a critical role in synaptogenesis in the developing phase of long-lasting hippocampal synaptic plasticity, RISE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tominaga-Yoshino
- Department of Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Urakubo
- Department of Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ueno
- Department of Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kawaai
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama-Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama-Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ogura
- Department of Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
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214
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Rapid acquisition through fast mapping: stable memory over time and role of prior knowledge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:177-189. [PMID: 32295838 PMCID: PMC7164514 DOI: 10.1101/lm.050138.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been intensive debates on whether healthy adults acquire new word knowledge through fast mapping (FM) by a different mechanism from explicit encoding (EE). In this study, we focused on this issue and investigated to what extent retention interval, prior knowledge (PK), and lure type modulated memory after FM and EE. Healthy young participants were asked to learn novel word-picture associations through both FM and EE. Half of the pictures were from familiar categories (i.e., high PK) and the other half were from unfamiliar categories (i.e., low PK). After 10 min and 1 wk, the participants were tested by forced-choice (FC) tasks, with lures from different categories (Experiment 1) or from the same categories of the target pictures (Experiment 2). Pseudowords were used to denote names of the novel pictures and baseline performance was controlled for each task. The results showed that in both Experiments 1 and 2, memory performance remained stable after FM, while it declined after EE from 10 min to 1 wk. Moreover, the effect of PK appeared at 10 min after FM while at 1 wk after EE in Experiment 2. PK enhanced memory of word-picture associations when the lures were from the same categories (Experiment 2), rather than from different categories (Experiment 1). These results were largely confirmed in Experiment 3 when encoding condition was manipulated as a between-subjects factor, while lure type as a within-subjects factor. The findings suggest that different from EE, FM facilitates rapid acquisition and consolidation of word-picture knowledge, and highlight that PK plays an important role in this process by enhancing access to detailed information.
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215
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Sun L, Zhou H, Cichon J, Yang G. Experience and sleep-dependent synaptic plasticity: from structure to activity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190234. [PMID: 32248786 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is important for learning and memory. With increasing evidence linking sleep states to changes in synaptic strength, an emerging view is that sleep promotes learning and memory by facilitating experience-induced synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the function of sleep in regulating cortical synaptic plasticity. Specifically, we outline the electroencephalogram signatures of sleep states (e.g. slow-wave sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, spindles), sleep state-dependent changes in gene and synaptic protein expression, synaptic morphology, and neuronal and network activity. We highlight studies showing that post-experience sleep potentiates experience-induced synaptic changes and discuss the potential mechanisms that may link sleep-related brain activity to synaptic structural remodelling. We conclude that both synapse formation or strengthening and elimination or weakening occur across sleep. This sleep-dependent synaptic plasticity plays an important role in neuronal circuit refinement during development and after learning, while sleep disorders may contribute to or exacerbate the development of common neurological diseases. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Cichon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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216
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Boutin A, Doyon J. A sleep spindle framework for motor memory consolidation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190232. [PMID: 32248783 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindle activity has repeatedly been found to contribute to brain plasticity and consolidation of both declarative and procedural memories. Here we propose a framework for motor memory consolidation that outlines the essential contribution of the hierarchical and multi-scale periodicity of spindle activity, as well as of the synchronization and interaction of brain oscillations during this sleep-dependent process. We posit that the clustering of sleep spindles in 'trains', together with the temporally organized alternation between spindles and associated refractory periods, is critical for efficient reprocessing and consolidation of motor memories. We further argue that the long-term retention of procedural memories relies on the synchronized (functional connectivity) local reprocessing of new information across segregated, but inter-connected brain regions that are involved in the initial learning process. Finally, we propose that oscillatory synchrony in the spindle frequency band may reflect the cross-structural reactivation, reorganization and consolidation of motor, and potentially declarative, memory traces within broader subcortical-cortical networks during sleep. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boutin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CIAMS, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université d'Orléans, CIAMS, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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217
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Does sleep contribute to the consolidation of motor memory? MANUELLE MEDIZIN 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-020-00674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It has been assumed that sleep promotes consolidation in motor learning; however, some publications have questioned its supposed effect. Differentiated statements on the subject are difficult because the conglomerate of influencing factors is large. The fact that memory, sleep, consolidation and motor task can be considered generic terms for different processes also contributes to the complexity.
Objective
The aim of this literature overview is to clarify the terminology and to describe what is known about how sleep contributes to the consolidation of motor memory regarding the different characteristics of consolidation and motor tasks.
Methods
A first literature screening in PubMed included the terms consolidation, sleep, memory, motor learning and memory in various combinations. Furthermore, keywords describing distinct parts of the generic terms were used for searching.
Results
The current evidence for the dependency of the different neurophysiological characteristics of the generic terms on sleep is presented including resulting contradictions and methodological criticism. Based on the literature, the question whether sleep promotes consolidation can only be answered in reductionist approaches and for individual influencing factors. The results even suggest that improvements in exercise quality may have been achieved through errors in study design, which, however, may lead to recommendations for future studies.
Conclusion
No final statement can be made on the subject at this time; however, at least it can be considered as evidence-based that sleep does not harm motor memory consolidation.
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218
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Local Targeted Memory Reactivation in Human Sleep. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1435-1446.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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219
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A Backup of Hippocampal Spatial Code outside the Hippocampus? New Light on Systems Memory Consolidation. Neuron 2020; 106:204-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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220
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Quet E, Majchrzak M, Cosquer B, Morvan T, Wolff M, Cassel JC, Pereira de Vasconcelos A, Stéphan A. The reuniens and rhomboid nuclei are necessary for contextual fear memory persistence in rats. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:955-968. [PMID: 32146556 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Memory persistence refers to the process by which a temporary, labile memory is transformed into a stable and long-lasting state. This process involves a reorganization of brain networks at systems level, which requires functional interactions between the hippocampus (HP) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The reuniens (Re) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei of the ventral midline thalamus are bidirectionally connected with both regions, and we previously demonstrated their crucial role in spatial memory persistence. We now investigated, in male rats, whether specific manipulations of ReRh activity also affected contextual and cued fear memory persistence. We showed that the permanent ReRh lesion impaired remote, but not recent contextual fear memory. Tone-cued recent and remote fear memory were spared by the lesion. In intact rats, acute chemogenetic ReRh inhibition conducted before recall of either recent or remote contextual fear memories produced no effect, indicating that the ReRh nuclei are not required for retrieval of such memories. This was also suggested by a functional cellular imaging approach, as retrieval did not alter c-fos expression in the ReRh. Collectively, these data are compatible with a role for the ReRh in 'off-line' consolidation of a contextual fear memory and support the crucial importance of ventral midline thalamic nuclei in systems consolidation of memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Quet
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, LNCA, UMR7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNCA UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Majchrzak
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, LNCA, UMR7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNCA UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Cosquer
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, LNCA, UMR7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNCA UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Morvan
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, LNCA, UMR7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNCA UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Wolff
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INCIA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, INCIA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Cassel
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, LNCA, UMR7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNCA UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Pereira de Vasconcelos
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, LNCA, UMR7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNCA UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Stéphan
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, LNCA, UMR7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LNCA UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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221
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Mahzari M, Kambal M, Mohammed T, Alshahrani A, Al wadi F. Use of Concept Retrieval Technique as an Assessment Tool of Long-term Knowledge of Medical Students. HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hpe.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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222
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The Many Faces of Forgetting: Toward a Constructive View of Forgetting in Everyday Life. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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223
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Klorfeld-Auslender S, Censor N. Visual-oculomotor interactions facilitate consolidation of perceptual learning. J Vis 2020; 19:11. [PMID: 31185093 DOI: 10.1167/19.6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual skill learning is commonly considered a manifestation of brain plasticity. Following encoding, consolidation of the skill may result in between-session performance gains. A great volume of studies have demonstrated that during the offline consolidation interval, the skill is susceptible to external inputs that modify the preformed representation of the memory, affecting future performance. However, while basic visual perceptual learning is thought to be mediated by sensory brain regions or their higher-order readout pathways, the possibility of visual-oculomotor interactions affecting the consolidation interval and reshaping visual learning remains uncharted. Motivated by findings mapping connections between oculomotor behavior and visual performance, we examined whether visual consolidation can be facilitated by visual-oculomotor interactions. To this aim, we paired reactivation of an oculomotor memory with consolidation of a typical visual texture discrimination task. Importantly, the oculomotor memory was encoded by learning of the pure motor component of the movement, removing visual cues. When brief reactivation of the oculomotor memory preceded the visual task, visual gains were substantially enhanced compared with those achieved by visual practice per se and were strongly related to the magnitude of oculomotor gains, suggesting that the brain utilizes oculomotor memory to enhance basic visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitzan Censor
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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224
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Effects of wakeful resting versus social media usage after learning on the retention of new memories. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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225
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Bailes C, Caldwell M, Wamsley EJ, Tucker MA. Does sleep protect memories against interference? A failure to replicate. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220419. [PMID: 32053586 PMCID: PMC7018054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Across a broad spectrum of memory tasks, retention is superior following a night of sleep compared to a day of wake. However, this result alone does not clarify whether sleep merely slows the forgetting that would otherwise occur as a result of information processing during wakefulness, or whether sleep actually consolidates memories, protecting them from subsequent retroactive interference. Two influential studies suggested that sleep protects memories against the subsequent retroactive interference that occurs when participants learn new yet overlapping information (interference learning). In these studies, interference learning was much less detrimental to memory following a night of sleep compared to a day of wakefulness, an indication that sleep supports this important aspect of memory consolidation. In the current replication study, we repeated the protocol of and, additionally, we examined the impact of intrinsic motivation on performance in sleep and wake participants. We were unable to replicate the finding that sleep protects memories against retroactive interference, with the detrimental effects of interference learning being essentially the same in wake and sleep participants. We also found that while intrinsic motivation benefitted task acquisition it was not a modulator of sleep-wake differences in memory processing. Although we cannot accept the null hypothesis that sleep has no role to play in reducing the negative impact of interference, the findings draw into question prior evidence for sleep’s role in protecting memories against interference. Moreover, the current study highlights the importance of replicating key findings in the study of sleep’s impact on memory processing before drawing strong conclusions that set the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Bailes
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Mary Caldwell
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Erin J. Wamsley
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Matthew A. Tucker
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina
- * E-mail:
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226
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Guo H, Yuan K, Zhang Z, Xue Y, Yan W, Meng S, Zhu W, Wu P, Bao Y, Shi J, Zhang W, Lu L, Han Y. Pi4KIIα Regulates Unconditioned Stimulus-Retrieval-Induced Fear Memory Reconsolidation through Endosomal Trafficking of AMPA Receptors. iScience 2020; 23:100895. [PMID: 32088394 PMCID: PMC7038502 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting memory reconsolidation is an effective intervention for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Disrupting unconditioned stimulus (US)-retrieval-induced fear memory reconsolidation has become an effective therapeutic approach to attenuate fear memory, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that US-retrieval-dependent increase in phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (Pi4KIIα) promotes early endosomal trafficking of AMPA receptors, leading to the enhancement of synaptic efficacy in basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons. The inhibition of Pi4KIIα by an inhibitor or short hairpin RNA impaired contextual fear memory reconsolidation. This disruptive effect persisted for at least 2 weeks, which was restored by Pi4KIIα overexpression with TAT-Pi4KIIα. Furthermore, the blockade of early endosomal trafficking following US retrieval reduced synaptosomal membrane GluA1 levels and decreased subsequent fear expression. These data demonstrate that Pi4KIIα in the BLA is crucial for US-retrieval-induced fear memory reconsolidation, the inhibition of which might be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating PTSD. Unconditioned stimulus (US) retrieval induces a transient increase in Pi4KIIα expression Pi4KIIα regulates early endosomal trafficking of AMPARs during memory reconsolidation Pi4KIIα contributes to US-retrieval-induced synaptic enhancement in rat BLA Pi4KIIα inhibition after US retrieval impairs fear expression and shows long-term effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanxue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shiqiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weili Zhu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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227
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Gonzalez H, Bloise L, Maza FJ, Molina VA, Delorenzi A. Memory built in conjunction with a stressor is privileged: Reconsolidation-resistant memories in the crab Neohelice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:108-118. [PMID: 32017969 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of memory processes are conserved throughout evolution, a feature based on the hypothesis of a common origin of the high-order memory centers in bilateral animals. Reconsolidation is just one example. The possibility to interfere with long-term memory expression during reconsolidation has been proposed as potentially useful in clinical application to treat traumatic memories. However, several pieces of evidence in rodents show that either robust fear memories or stressful events applied before acquisition promote reconsolidation-resistant memories, i.e., memories that are resistant to the interfering effect of drugs on memory reconsolidation. Conceivably, the generation of these reconsolidation-resistant fear memories also occurs in humans. Is the induction of reconsolidation-resistant memories part of the dynamics of memory processes conserved throughout evolution? In the semiterrestrial crab Neohelice granulata, memory reconsolidation is triggered by a short reminder without reinforcement. Here, we show that an increase in the salience of the aversive stimulus augmented the memory strength; nonetheless, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide still disrupted the reconsolidation process. However, crabs stressed by a water-deprivation episode before a strong training session built up a memory that was now reconsolidation-resistant. We tested whether these reconsolidation-resistant effects can be challenged by changing parametric conditions of memory-reminder sessions; multiple memory reactivations without reinforcement were not able to trigger the labilization-reconsolidation of this resistant memory. Overall, the present findings suggest that generation of reconsolidation-resistant memories can be another part of the dynamics of memory processes conserved throughout evolution that protects privileged information from change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Gonzalez
- Departamento de Fisiologíay Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIByNE-CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA, Argentina.
| | - Leonardo Bloise
- Departamento de Fisiologíay Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIByNE-CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA, Argentina.
| | - Francisco J Maza
- Departamento de Fisiologíay Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIByNE-CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA, Argentina.
| | - Víctor A Molina
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, IFEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Delorenzi
- Departamento de Fisiologíay Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIByNE-CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA, Argentina.
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228
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Li C, Yang J. Role of the hippocampus in the spacing effect during memory retrieval. Hippocampus 2020; 30:703-714. [PMID: 32022387 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that distributed learning (DL) leads to improved memory performance compared with massed learning (ML) (i.e., spacing effect). However, the extent to which the hippocampus is involved in the spacing effect at shorter and longer retention intervals remains unclear. To address this issue, two groups of participants were asked to encode face-scene pairs at 20-min, 1-day, and 1-month intervals before they were scanned using fMRI during an associative recognition task. The pairs were repeated six times in either a massed (i.e., six times in 1 day) or a distributed (i.e., six times over 3 days, twice per day) manner. The results showed that compared with that in the ML group, the activation of the left hippocampus was stronger in the DL group when the participants retrieved old pairs correctly and rejected new pairs correctly at different retention intervals. In addition, the posterior hippocampus was more strongly activated when the new associations were rejected correctly after DL than ML, especially at the 1-month interval. Hence, our results provide evidence that the hippocampus is involved in better memory performance after DL compared to ML at both shorter and longer retention intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongjiong Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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229
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Baena D, Cantero JL, Fuentemilla L, Atienza M. Weakly encoded memories due to acute sleep restriction can be rescued after one night of recovery sleep. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1449. [PMID: 31996775 PMCID: PMC6989495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is thought to play a complementary role in human memory processing: sleep loss impairs the formation of new memories during the following awake period and, conversely, normal sleep promotes the strengthening of the already encoded memories. However, whether sleep can strengthen deteriorated memories caused by insufficient sleep remains unknown. Here, we showed that sleep restriction in a group of participants caused a reduction in the stability of EEG activity patterns across multiple encoding of the same event during awake, compared with a group of participants that got a full night's sleep. The decrease of neural stability patterns in the sleep-restricted group was associated with higher slow oscillation-spindle coupling during a subsequent night of normal sleep duration, thereby suggesting the instantiation of restorative neural mechanisms adaptively supporting cognition and memory. Importantly, upon awaking, the two groups of participants showed equivalent retrieval accuracy supported by subtle differences in the reinstatement of encoding-related activity: it was longer lasting in sleep-restricted individuals than in controls. In addition, sustained reinstatement over time was associated with increased coupling between spindles and slow oscillations. Taken together, these results suggest that the strength of prior encoding might be an important moderator of memory consolidation during sleep. Supporting this view, spindles nesting in the slow oscillation increased the probability of correct recognition only for weakly encoded memories. Current results demonstrate the benefit that a full night's sleep can induce to impaired memory traces caused by an inadequate amount of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baena
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, 41013, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, 41013, Spain.,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Fuentemilla
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Spain.,Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, 41013, Spain. .,CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain.
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230
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de Sousa AVC, Grittner U, Rujescu D, Külzow N, Flöel A. Impact of 3-Day Combined Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation-Visuospatial Training on Object-Location Memory in Healthy Older Adults and Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:223-244. [PMID: 32280093 PMCID: PMC7306891 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associative object-location memory (OLM) is known to decline even in normal aging, and this process is accelerated in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Given the lack of curative treatment for Alzheimer's disease, activating cognitive resources during its preclinical phase might prevent progression to dementia. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) combined with an associative episodic memory training on OLM in MCI patients and in healthy elderly (HE). METHODS In a single-blind cross-over design, 16 MCI patients and 32 HE underwent a 3-day visuospatial OLM training paired with either 20 min or 30 s (sham) atDCS (1 mA, right temporoparietal cortex). Effects on immediate (training success) and long-term memory (1-month) were investigated by conducting Mixed Model analyses. In addition, the impact of combined intervention on within-session (online) and on between-session (offline) performance were explored. RESULTS OLM training+atDCS enhanced training success only in MCI patients, but not HE (difference n.s.). Relative performance gain was similar in MCI patients compared to HE under atDCS. No beneficial effect was found after 1-month. Exploratory analyses suggested a positive impact on online, but a negative effect on offline performance in MCI patients. In both groups, exploratory post-hoc analyses indicated an association between initially low-performers and greater benefit from atDCS. CONCLUSION Cognitive training in MCI may be enhanced by atDCS, but further delineation of the impact of current brain state, as well as temporal characteristics of multi-session atDCS-training application, may be needed to induce longer-lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Vieira Cavalcanti de Sousa
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Külzow
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
- Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Neurological Rehabilitation Clinic, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research, Berlin, Germany
- University Medicine Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
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231
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Tucker MA, Humiston GB, Summer T, Wamsley E. Comparing the Effects of Sleep and Rest on Memory Consolidation. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:79-91. [PMID: 32099493 PMCID: PMC7007500 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s223917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is ample evidence that overnight sleep and daytime naps benefit memory retention, compared to comparable amounts of active wakefulness. Yet recent evidence also suggests that a period of post-training rest (eg, quiet wakefulness with eyes closed) provides a similar memory benefit compared to wake. However, the relative benefits of sleep vs quiet waking rest on memory remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the extent to which sleep provides a unique memory benefit, above and beyond that conferred by quiet waking rest. METHODS In a sample of healthy undergraduate students (N=83), we tested the effect of 30 mins of post-learning sleep, rest, or active wake on concept learning (dot pattern classification) and declarative memory (word pair associates) across a 4-hr daytime training-retest interval. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypotheses, we found no differences in performance between the three conditions for either task. The findings are interpreted with reference to methodological considerations including the length of the experimental interval, the nature of the tasks used, and challenges inherent in creating experimental conditions that can be executed by participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Graelyn B Humiston
- Furman University, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Theodore Summer
- Furman University, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Erin Wamsley
- Furman University, Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Greenville, SC, USA
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232
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Hadamitzky M, Lückemann L, Pacheco-López G, Schedlowski M. Pavlovian Conditioning of Immunological and Neuroendocrine Functions. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:357-405. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of behaviorally conditioned immunological and neuroendocrine functions has been investigated for the past 100 yr. The observation that associative learning processes can modify peripheral immune functions was first reported and investigated by Ivan Petrovic Pavlov and his co-workers. Their work later fell into oblivion, also because so little was known about the immune system’s function and even less about the underlying mechanisms of how learning, a central nervous system activity, could affect peripheral immune responses. With the employment of a taste-avoidance paradigm in rats, this phenomenon was rediscovered 45 yr ago as one of the most fascinating examples of the reciprocal functional interaction between behavior, the brain, and peripheral immune functions, and it established psychoneuroimmunology as a new research field. Relying on growing knowledge about efferent and afferent communication pathways between the brain, neuroendocrine system, primary and secondary immune organs, and immunocompetent cells, experimental animal studies demonstrate that cellular and humoral immune and neuroendocrine functions can be modulated via associative learning protocols. These (from the classical perspective) learned immune responses are clinically relevant, since they affect the development and progression of immune-related diseases and, more importantly, are also inducible in humans. The increased knowledge about the neuropsychological machinery steering learning and memory processes together with recent insight into the mechanisms mediating placebo responses provide fascinating perspectives to exploit these learned immune and neuroendocrine responses as supportive therapies, the aim being to reduce the amount of medication required, diminishing unwanted drug side effects while maximizing the therapeutic effect for the patient’s benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Lückemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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van der Meij J, Martinez-Gonzalez D, Beckers GJL, Rattenborg NC. Intra-"cortical" activity during avian non-REM and REM sleep: variant and invariant traits between birds and mammals. Sleep 2019; 42:5195213. [PMID: 30462347 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mammalian-based theories propose that the varying patterns of neuronal activity occurring in wakefulness and sleep reflect different modes of information processing. Neocortical slow-waves, hippocampal sharp-wave ripples, and thalamocortical spindles occurring during mammalian non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep are proposed to play a role in systems-level memory consolidation. Birds show similar NREM and REM (rapid eye-movement) sleep stages to mammals; however, it is unclear whether all neurophysiological rhythms implicated in mammalian memory consolidation are also present. Moreover, it is unknown whether the propagation of slow-waves described in the mammalian neocortex occurs in the avian "cortex" during natural NREM sleep. We used a 32-channel silicon probe connected to a transmitter to make intracerebral recordings of the visual hyperpallium and thalamus in naturally sleeping pigeons (Columba livia). As in the mammalian neocortex, slow-waves during NREM sleep propagated through the hyperpallium. Propagation primarily occurred in the thalamic input layers of the hyperpallium, regions that also showed the greatest slow-wave activity (SWA). Spindles were not detected in both the visual hyperpallium, including regions receiving thalamic input, and thalamus, using a recording method that readily detects spindles in mammals. Interestingly, during REM sleep fast gamma bursts in the hyperpallium (when present) were restricted to the thalamic input layers. In addition, unlike mice, the decrease in SWA from NREM to REM sleep was the greatest in these layers. Taken together, these variant and invariant neurophysiological aspects of avian and mammalian sleep suggest that there may be associated mechanistic and functional similarities and differences between avian and mammalian sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline van der Meij
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Dolores Martinez-Gonzalez
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Gabriël J L Beckers
- Cognitive Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels C Rattenborg
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Seewiesen, Germany
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Abstract
The FIFA World Cup football tournament is one of the most widely watched sporting events in the world. Particularly, the Argentina national football team has appeared in five World-Cup finals and support for this team has been a long-standing tradition in this country. In the present study, we asked whether the FIFA World Cup constructs a significant collective memory and to what extent this informal memory is similar to collective memories acquired in more formal settings. An online memory task was conducted asking a large group of Argentinian adults (N=407) which country was the winner, the runner-up, and the host of each tournament from 1930 to 2014. In addition, participants were asked to rank the emotional content and the response confidence of each tournament. Finally, participants reported a number of keywords associated with each tournament, to measure memory detail. Our results reveal the existence of a robust collective memory for the World Cup events, showing a high degree of memory accuracy and detail with regard to the history of the tournaments. Furthermore, an independent replication study (N=124) confirmed our findings. More specifically, we found evidence for general principles of individual memories in FIFA World-Cup informal collective memories. These results suggest that informal collective memories share common attributes with more formal collective memories such as those found in presidents or wars. Thus, collective memory properties may be independent of the conditions under which their acquisition occurs.
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235
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Morgan DP, Tamminen J, Seale-Carlisle TM, Mickes L. The impact of sleep on eyewitness identifications. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:170501. [PMID: 31903193 PMCID: PMC6936295 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sleep aids the consolidation of recently acquired memories. Evidence strongly indicates that sleep yields substantial improvements on recognition memory tasks relative to an equivalent period of wake. Despite the known benefits that sleep has on memory, researchers have not yet investigated the impact of sleep on eyewitness identifications. Eyewitnesses to crimes are often presented with a line-up (which is a type of recognition memory test) that contains the suspect (who is innocent or guilty) and fillers (who are known to be innocent). Sleep may enhance the ability to identify the guilty suspect and not identify the innocent suspect (i.e. discriminability). Sleep may also impact reliability (i.e. the likelihood that the identified suspect is guilty). In the current study, we manipulated the presence or the absence of sleep in a forensically relevant memory task. Participants witnessed a video of a mock crime, made an identification or rejected the line-up, and rated their confidence. Critically, some participants slept between witnessing the crime and making a line-up decision, while others remained awake. The prediction that participants in the sleep condition would have greater discriminability compared to participants in the wake condition was not supported. There were also no differences in reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Morgan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. Tamminen
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | | | - L. Mickes
- Department of Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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236
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Martini M, Sachse P. Factors modulating the effects of waking rest on memory. Cogn Process 2019; 21:149-153. [PMID: 31768703 PMCID: PMC7002326 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-019-00942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Study results indicate that moments of unoccupied rest immediately after learning serve an essential cognitive function: memory consolidation. However, there also are findings suggesting that waking rest after learning has similar effects on delayed memory performance as an active wake condition, where participants work on a cognitive distractor task. Based on these studies, we highlight several potentially modulating factors of the so-called resting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Martini
- University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Pierre Sachse
- University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, Innsbruck, Austria
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237
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Cieślik P, Domin H, Chocyk A, Gruca P, Litwa E, Płoska A, Radulska A, Pelikant-Małecka I, Brański P, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. Simultaneous activation of mGlu 2 and muscarinic receptors reverses MK-801-induced cognitive decline in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2019; 174:107866. [PMID: 31785263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The activity of an allosteric agonist of muscarinic M1 receptor, VU0357017, and a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of M5 receptor, VU0238429, were investigated alone or in combination with the mGlu2 receptor PAM, LY487379 using the following behavioural tests: prepulse inhibition (PPI), novel object recognition (NOR), and spatial delayed alternation (SDA). VU0357017 (10 and 20 mg/kg) and VU0238429 (5 and 10 mg/kg) reversed deficits in PPI while VU0238429 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) was effective in SDA. The simultaneous administration of subeffective doses of M1 or M5 activators (5, 1, or 0.25 mg/kg) with LY487379 (0.5 mg/kg) induced the same effect as that observed for the active dose of each compound. Selective M1 or M5 receptor blockers antagonized the effect exerted by these combinations, and pharmacokinetic studies confirmed independent transport through the blood-brain barrier. The expression of both receptors (M1 and M5) was established in brain structures involved in cognition (neocortex, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex) in both the rat and the mouse brains by immunofluorescence staining. Specifically, double neuronal staining of mGlu2-M1 and mGlu2-M5 receptors was observed in many areas of the rat brain, while the number of double-stained mGlu2-M1 receptors was moderate in the mouse brain with no mGlu2-M5 colocalization. Finally, the combined administration of subeffective doses of the compounds did not alter prolactin levels or motor coordination, in contrast to the compounds given alone at the highest dose or in combination with standard neuroleptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Helena Domin
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chocyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Ewa Litwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Małecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Brański
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smetna Street, Poland.
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Closed-Loop Acoustic Stimulation Enhances Sleep Oscillations But Not Memory Performance. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0306-19.2019. [PMID: 31604814 PMCID: PMC6831893 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0306-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow oscillations and spindle activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep have been implicated in memory consolidation. Closed-loop acoustic stimulation has previously been shown to enhance slow oscillations and spindle activity during sleep and improve verbal associative memory. We assessed the effect of closed-loop acoustic stimulation during a daytime nap on a virtual reality spatial navigation task in 12 healthy human subjects in a randomized within-subject crossover design. We show robust enhancement of slow oscillation and spindle activity during sleep. However, no effects on behavioral performance were observed when comparing real versus sham stimulation. To explore whether memory enhancement effects were task specific and dependent on nocturnal sleep, in a second experiment with 19 healthy subjects, we aimed to replicate a previous study that used closed-loop acoustic stimulation to enhance memory for word pairs. The methods used were as close as possible to those used in the original study, except that we used a double-blind protocol, in which both subject and experimenter were unaware of the test condition. Again, we successfully enhanced slow oscillation and spindle power, but again did not strengthen associative memory performance with stimulation. We conclude that enhancement of sleep oscillations may be insufficient to enhance memory performance in spatial navigation or verbal association tasks, and provide possible explanations for lack of behavioral replication.
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239
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Liu X, Kuzum D. Hippocampal-Cortical Memory Trace Transfer and Reactivation Through Cell-Specific Stimulus and Spontaneous Background Noise. Front Comput Neurosci 2019; 13:67. [PMID: 31680922 PMCID: PMC6798041 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays important roles in memory formation and retrieval through sharp-wave-ripples. Recent studies have shown that certain neuron populations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibit coordinated reactivations during awake ripple events. These experimental findings suggest that the awake ripple is an important biomarker, through which the hippocampus interacts with the neocortex to assist memory formation and retrieval. However, the computational mechanisms of this ripple based hippocampal-cortical coordination are still not clear due to the lack of unified models that include both the hippocampal and cortical networks. In this work, using a coupled biophysical model of both CA1 and PFC, we investigate possible mechanisms of hippocampal-cortical memory trace transfer and the conditions that assist reactivation of the transferred memory traces in the PFC. To validate our model, we first show that the local field potentials generated in the hippocampus and PFC exhibit ripple range activities that are consistent with the recent experimental studies. Then we demonstrate that during ripples, sequence replays can successfully transfer the information stored in the hippocampus to the PFC recurrent networks. We investigate possible mechanisms of memory retrieval in PFC networks. Our results suggest that the stored memory traces in the PFC network can be retrieved through two different mechanisms, namely the cell-specific input representing external stimuli and non-specific spontaneous background noise representing spontaneous memory recall events. Importantly, in both cases, the memory reactivation quality is robust to network connection loss. Finally, we find out that the quality of sequence reactivations is enhanced by both increased number of SWRs and an optimal background noise intensity, which tunes the excitability of neurons to a proper level. Our study presents a mechanistic explanation for the memory trace transfer from the hippocampus to neocortex through ripple coupling in awake states and reports two different mechanisms by which the stored memory traces can be successfully retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Duygu Kuzum
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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240
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Du X, Zhan L, Chen G, Guo D, Li C, Moscovitch M, Yang J. Differential activation of the medial temporal lobe during item and associative memory across time. Neuropsychologia 2019; 135:107252. [PMID: 31698009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in associative memory. One central issue is whether the involvement of the hippocampus in associative memory remains stable or declines with the passage of time. In the majority of studies, memory performance declines with delay, confounding attempts at interpreting differences in hippocampal activation over time. To address this issue, we tried to equate behavioral performance as much as possible across time for memory of items and associations separately. After encoding words and word pairs, participants were tested for item and associative memories at four time intervals: 20-min, 1-day, 1-week, and 1-month. The results revealed that MTL activation differed over time for associative and item memories. For associative memory, the activation of the anterior hippocampus decreased from 20-min to 1-day then remained stable, whereas in the posterior hippocampus, the activation was comparable for different time intervals when old pairs were correctly retrieved. The hippocampal activation also remained stable when recombined pairs were correctly rejected. As this condition controls for familiarity of the individual items, correct performance depends only on associative memory. For item memory, hippocampal activation declined progressively from 20-min to 1-week and remained stable afterwards. By contrast, the activation in the perirhinal/entorhinal cortex increased over time irrespective of item and associative memories. Drawing on Tulving's distinction between recollection and familiarity, we interpret this pattern of results in accordance with Trace Transformation Theory, which states that as memories are transformed with time and experience, the neural structures mediating item and associative memories will vary according to the underlying representations to which the memories have been transformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Du
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lexia Zhan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dingrong Guo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cuihong Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jiongjiong Yang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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241
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Thalamic low frequency activity facilitates resting-state cortical interhemispheric MRI functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2019; 201:115985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Ferreira C, Charest I, Wimber M. Retrieval aids the creation of a generalised memory trace and strengthens episode-unique information. Neuroimage 2019; 201:115996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Ferman S, Kishon-Rabin L, Ganot-Budaga H, Karni A. Deficits in Explicit Language Problem Solving Rather Than in Implicit Learning in Specific Language Impairment: Evidence From Learning an Artificial Morphological Rule. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:3790-3807. [PMID: 31560600 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-17-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to delineate differences between children with specific language impairment (SLI), typical age-matched (TAM) children, and typical younger (TY) children in learning and mastering an undisclosed artificial morphological rule (AMR) through exposure and usage. Method Twenty-six participants (eight 10-year-old children with SLI, 8 TAM children, and ten 8-year-old TY children) were trained to master an AMR across multiple training sessions. The AMR required a phonological transformation of verbs depending on a semantic distinction: whether the preceding noun was animate or inanimate. All participants practiced the application of the AMR to repeated and new (generalization) items, via judgment and production tasks. Results The children with SLI derived significantly less benefit from practice than their peers in learning most aspects of the AMR, even exhibiting smaller gains compared to the TY group in some aspects. Children with SLI benefited less than TAM and even TY children from training to judge and produce repeated items of the AMR. Nevertheless, despite a significant disadvantage in baseline performance, the rate at which they mastered the task-specific phonological regularities was as robust as that of their peers. On the other hand, like 8-year-olds, only half of the SLI group succeeded in uncovering the nature of the AMR and, consequently, in generalizing it to new items. Conclusions Children with SLI were able to learn language aspects that rely on implicit, procedural learning, but experienced difficulties in learning aspects that relied on the explicit uncovering of the semantic principle of the AMR. The results suggest that some of the difficulties experienced by children with SLI when learning a complex language regularity cannot be accounted for by a broad, language-related, procedural memory disability. Rather, a deficit-perhaps a developmental delay in the ability to recruit and solve language problems and establish explicit knowledge regarding a language task-can better explain their difficulties in language learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Communication Disorders, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Liat Kishon-Rabin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Communication Disorders, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hila Ganot-Budaga
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Communication Disorders, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Avi Karni
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Israel
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Israel
- FMRI Unit, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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244
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Zion DB, Nevat M, Prior A, Bitan T. Prior Knowledge Predicts Early Consolidation in Second Language Learning. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2312. [PMID: 31681106 PMCID: PMC6802599 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Language learning occurs in distinct phases. Whereas some improvement is evident during training, offline memory consolidation processes that take place after the end of training play an important role in learning of linguistic information. The timing of offline consolidation is thought to depend on the type of task, with generalization of implicit knowledge suggested to take more time and sleep to consolidate. The current study aims to investigate individual differences in the timing of consolidation following learning of morphological inflections in a novel language in typical adults. Participants learned to make plural inflections in an artificial language, where inflection was based on morpho-phonological regularities. Participants were trained in the evening, and consolidation was measured after two intervals: 12 h (one night) and 36 h (two nights) post training. We measured both inflection of trained items, which may rely on item-specific learning, and generalization to new untrained items, which requires extraction of morpho-phonological regularities. The results for both trained and un-trained items showed two patterns of consolidation: early versus late, that is while some participants improved during the first night, others, who deteriorated in performance during the first night, improved in the later consolidation interval. Importantly, phonological awareness in L1 predicted early consolidation for trained items. Furthermore, there was no association between participants' consolidation trajectory in trained and untrained items. Our results suggest that consolidation timing depends on the interaction between task characteristics and individual abilities. Moreover, the results show that prior meta-linguistic knowledge predicts the quality of early consolidation processes. These results are consistent with studies in rodents and humans, showing that prior knowledge accelerates consolidation of newly learnt episodic memory. Finally, the rate of consolidation across exposures to the language might explain some of the variability found in the attained level of second language proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Ben Zion
- Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Language and Brain Plasticity Lab, Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Nevat
- The Language and Brain Plasticity Lab, Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Prior
- Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tali Bitan
- The Language and Brain Plasticity Lab, Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Speech Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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245
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Allard T, Riggins T, Ewell A, Weinberg B, Lokhandwala S, Spencer RMC. Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31633692 DOI: 10.3791/60200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is critical for daily functioning. One important function of sleep is the consolidation of memories, a process that makes them stronger and less vulnerable to interference. The neural mechanisms underlying the benefit of sleep for memory can be investigated using polysomnography (PSG). PSG is a combination of physiological recordings including signals from the brain (EEG), eyes (EOG), and muscles (EMG) that are used to classify sleep stages. In this protocol, we describe how PSG can be used in conjunction with behavioral memory assessments, actigraphy, and parent-report to examine sleep-dependent memory consolidation. The focus of this protocol is on early childhood, a period of significance as children transition from biphasic sleep (consisting of a nap and overnight sleep) to monophasic sleep (overnight sleep only). The effects of sleep on memory performance are measured using a visuospatial memory assessment across periods of sleep and wakeful-rest. A combination of actigraphy and parent report is used to assess sleep rhythms (i.e., characterizing children as habitual or non-habitual nappers). Finally, PSG is used to characterize sleep stages and qualities of those stages (such as frequencies and the presence of spindles) during naps. The advantage of using PSG is that it is the only tool currently available to assess sleep quality and sleep architecture, pointing to the relevant brain state that supports memory consolidation. The main limitations of PSG are the length of time it takes to prepare the recording montage and that recordings are typically taken over one sleep bought. These limitations can be overcome by engaging young participants in distracting tasks during application and combining PSG with actigraphy and self/parent-report measures to characterize sleep cycles. Together, this unique combination of methods allows for investigations into how naps support learning in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanna Lokhandwala
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts; Neuroscience and Behavior, University of Massachusetts
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246
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Rule ME, O'Leary T, Harvey CD. Causes and consequences of representational drift. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 58:141-147. [PMID: 31569062 PMCID: PMC7385530 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system learns new associations while maintaining memories over long periods, exhibiting a balance between flexibility and stability. Recent experiments reveal that neuronal representations of learned sensorimotor tasks continually change over days and weeks, even after animals have achieved expert behavioral performance. How is learned information stored to allow consistent behavior despite ongoing changes in neuronal activity? What functions could ongoing reconfiguration serve? We highlight recent experimental evidence for such representational drift in sensorimotor systems, and discuss how this fits into a framework of distributed population codes. We identify recent theoretical work that suggests computational roles for drift and argue that the recurrent and distributed nature of sensorimotor representations permits drift while limiting disruptive effects. We propose that representational drift may create error signals between interconnected brain regions that can be used to keep neural codes consistent in the presence of continual change. These concepts suggest experimental and theoretical approaches to studying both learning and maintenance of distributed and adaptive population codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Rule
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy O'Leary
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21PZ, United Kingdom.
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247
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Sekeres MJ, Winocur G, Moscovitch M, Anderson JAE, Pishdadian S, Martin Wojtowicz J, St-Laurent M, McAndrews MP, Grady CL. Changes in patterns of neural activity underlie a time-dependent transformation of memory in rats and humans. Hippocampus 2019; 28:745-764. [PMID: 29989271 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic process of memory consolidation involves a reorganization of brain regions that support a memory trace over time, but exactly how the network reorganizes as the memory changes remains unclear. We present novel converging evidence from studies of animals (rats) and humans for the time-dependent reorganization and transformation of different types of memory as measured both by behavior and brain activation. We find that context-specific memories in rats, and naturalistic episodic memories in humans, lose precision over time and activity in the hippocampus decreases. If, however, the retrieved memories retain contextual or perceptual detail, the hippocampus is engaged similarly at recent and remote timepoints. As the interval between the timepoint increases, the medial prefrontal cortex is engaged increasingly during memory retrieval, regardless of the context or the amount of retrieved detail. Moreover, these hippocampal-frontal shifts are accompanied by corresponding changes in a network of cortical structures mediating perceptually-detailed as well as less precise, schematic memories. These findings provide cross-species evidence for the crucial interplay between hippocampus and neocortex that reflects changes in memory representation over time and underlies systems consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Sekeres
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Winocur
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A E Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Pishdadian
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Martin Wojtowicz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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248
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The hippocampal sharp wave-ripple in memory retrieval for immediate use and consolidation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 19:744-757. [PMID: 30356103 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Various cognitive functions have long been known to require the hippocampus. Recently, progress has been made in identifying the hippocampal neural activity patterns that implement these functions. One such pattern is the sharp wave-ripple (SWR), an event associated with highly synchronous neural firing in the hippocampus and modulation of neural activity in distributed brain regions. Hippocampal spiking during SWRs can represent past or potential future experience, and SWR-related interventions can alter subsequent memory performance. These findings and others suggest that SWRs support both memory consolidation and memory retrieval for processes such as decision-making. In addition, studies have identified distinct types of SWR based on representational content, behavioural state and physiological features. These various findings regarding SWRs suggest that different SWR types correspond to different cognitive functions, such as retrieval and consolidation. Here, we introduce another possibility - that a single SWR may support more than one cognitive function. Taking into account classic psychological theories and recent molecular results that suggest that retrieval and consolidation share mechanisms, we propose that the SWR mediates the retrieval of stored representations that can be utilized immediately by downstream circuits in decision-making, planning, recollection and/or imagination while simultaneously initiating memory consolidation processes.
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249
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de la Fuente V, Medina C, Falasco G, Urrutia L, Kravitz AV, Urbano FJ, Vázquez S, Pedreira ME, Romano A. The lateral neocortex is critical for contextual fear memory reconsolidation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12157. [PMID: 31434945 PMCID: PMC6704072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories are a product of the concerted activity of many brain areas. Deregulation of consolidation and reprocessing of mnemonic traces that encode fearful experiences might result in fear-related psychopathologies. Here, we assessed how pre-established memories change with experience, particularly the labilization/reconsolidation of memory, using the whole-brain analysis technique of positron emission tomography in male mice. We found differences in glucose consumption in the lateral neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala in mice that underwent labilization/reconsolidation processes compared to animals that did not reactivate a fear memory. We used chemogenetics to obtain insight into the role of cortical areas in these phases of memory and found that the lateral neocortex is necessary for fear memory reconsolidation. Inhibition of lateral neocortex during reconsolidation altered glucose consumption levels in the amygdala. Using an optogenetic/neuronal recording-based strategy we observed that the lateral neocortex is functionally connected with the amygdala, which, along with retrograde labeling using fluorophore-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B, support a monosynaptic connection between these areas and poses this connection as a hot-spot in the circuits involved in reactivation of fear memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica de la Fuente
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Candela Medina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Falasco
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Urrutia
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney and Digestive Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Francisco J Urbano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Vázquez
- Centro de Imágenes Moleculares, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Pedreira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Romano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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250
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Geva-Sagiv M, Nir Y. Local Sleep Oscillations: Implications for Memory Consolidation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:813. [PMID: 31481865 PMCID: PMC6710395 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Geva-Sagiv
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Nir
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Functional Neurophysiology and Sleep Research Lab, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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